Earthwork Archaeology

"Ohio Valley Native American Earthwork Sites and New Discoveries through Remote Sensing."

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Duration: 44:42
Updated: 16 Jul 2013

Then and Now: Archaeology, History and Preservation in the Mountain State Region "Ohio Valley Native American Earthwork Sites and New Discoveries through Rem...

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Earth's Largest Newark Earthworks World's Astronomical Alignment Mysterious

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Duration: 8:57
Updated: 08 Jun 2013

This Hopewell pictograph, the Newark Earthworks, is the largest earthworks complex in the world. Although places such as the Nazca lines of Peru are better k...

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Southwold Earthworks

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Duration: 4:49
Updated: 30 Jul 2013

A short walk through an important archaeological site located in Southern Ontario, Canada. This was made for an archaeological course assignment. All photos ...

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Archaeology at work

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Duration: 58:56
Updated: 06 Nov 2013

Archaeology at Work Looking for and Uncovering the Past Archaeology at Work is a series of films that introduces the methods and the equipment used by archaeologists today. The first two parts deal with the discovery and excavation of sites. Looking for the Past examines archaeological methods for finding sites in the countryside without digging for them. It shows and explains such techniques as aerial photography, looking at documents, surveying earthworks, fieldwalking and geophysical techniques such as magnatometer and resistivity surveys. In the final section we see a team of archaeologists working on a fieldwork survey of a whole landscape. Uncovering the Past examines the work of archaeologists on two rescue excavations. We see the whole sequence; removing the soil, uncovering features, recording them, dealing with the finds and drawing the evidence together to make interpretations. The first section looks at the excavations of an AngloSaxon village in North Yorkshire. We see how the archaeologists piece together the evidence of how the community lived and worked in that place 1500 years ago. In the second half we look at a rescue excavation in the city of Worcester. We see the complications of excavating a site that has been continuously occupied for over two thousand years. We see that archaeology is all about finding people.

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Burgage Earthworks Project

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Duration: 3:58
Updated: 23 May 2013

Provisional draft of the video for Southwell Archaeology's Burgage Earthworks project, filmed and edited by two local Year 9 students. For more info visit ww...

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Burgage Earthworks

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Duration: 9:15
Updated: 01 Nov 2013

Finished video for the Burgage Earthworks - a Community Archaeology project by Southwell Archaeology, supported by MBArchaeology

http://wn.com/Burgage_Earthworks

Archaeological Evidence of the Amazon's Ancient Cities

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Duration: 43:48
Updated: 24 Mar 2014

Look around the Amazon rainforest today and it's hard to imagine it filled with people. But in recent decades, archaeologists have started to find evidence that before Columbus's arrival, the region was dotted with towns and perhaps even cities. The extent of human settlement in the Amazon remains hotly debated, partly because huge swaths of the 6-million-square-kilometer rainforest remain unstudied by archaeologists. Now, researchers have built a model predicting where signs of pre-Columbian agriculture are most likely to be found, a tool they hope will help guide future archaeological work in the region. In many ways, archaeology in the Amazon is still in its infancy. Not only is it difficult to mount large-scale excavations in the middle of a tropical rainforest, but until recently, archaeologists assumed there wasn't much to find. Amazonian soil is notoriously poor quality—all the nutrients are immediately sucked up by the rainforest's astounding biodiversity—so for many years, scientists believed that the kind of large-scale farming needed to support cities was impossible in the region. Discoveries of gigantic earthworks and ancient roads, however, hint that densely populated and long-lasting population hubs once existed in the Amazon. Their agricultural secret? Pre-Columbian Amazonians enriched the soil themselves, creating what archaeologists call terra preta. Terra preta—literally "black earth"—is soil that humans have enriched to have two to three times the nutrient content of the surrounding, poor-quality soil, explains Crystal McMichael, a paleoecologist at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne. Although there is no standard definition for terra preta, it tends to be darker than other Amazonian soils and to have charcoal and pre-Columbian pottery shards mixed in. Most of it was created 2500 to 500 years ago. Like the earthworks, terra preta is considered a sign that a particular area was occupied by humans in the pre-Columbian past. By analyzing location and environmental data from nearly 1000 known terra preta sites and comparing it with information from soil surveys that reported no terra preta, McMichael and her team found patterns in the distribution of the enriched soil. The scientists concluded that terra preta is most likely to be found in central and eastern Amazonia on bluffs overlooking rivers nearing the Atlantic Ocean. It's less common in western Amazonia, where runoff from the Andes tends to add nutrients to the soil naturally, and in highland areas such as Llanos de Moxos in Bolivia, which is home to many impressive pre-Columbian earthworks. By analyzing the environmental conditions most strongly associated with terra preta, the team was able to build a model predicting where undiscovered terra preta sites are most likely to be found. Overall, they suspect that there is probably about 154,063 km2 of terra preta in the Amazon, composing about 3.2% of the basin's total area, they report online today in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Not only does modeling the likely locations of terra preta reveal possible patterns of human settlement in the Amazon, but it also gives archaeologists "a starting point" for future excavations, McMichael says. "Within a forest of almost 6 million square kilometers, it's hard for archaeologists to determine site locations for sampling," she explains. Like the increasingly popular LiDAR—which can find earthworks hidden under the rainforest canopy but can't sniff out terra preta—"these [statistical] methodologies narrow down the probabilities" of where to find promising archaeological sites.

http://wn.com/Archaeological_Evidence_of_the_Amazon's_Ancient_Cities

The Stonehenge Documentary - Rediscovered Full DVD

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Duration: 85:10
Updated: 01 Jan 2014

Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks. It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds Archaeologists believe it was built anywhere from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. Radiocarbon dating in 2008 suggested that the first stones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC,[2] whilst another theory suggests that bluestones may have been raised at the site as early as 3000 BC Summary Throughout the ages Stonehenge has remained an enigma to mankind. Why was it built? Who built it? This program presents the views of an anthropologist Lionel Sim who places Stonehenge within the context of a fundamental shift in the Pre-historic era as Neolithic man was forced to replace a hunter's life for one of farming and agriculture.

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Mysteries of the Ancient Architects

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Duration: 1:16
Updated: 31 May 2013

This is a preview of one of the films that will be screened at the TAC Film Festival this year, in Eugene, OR. TAC Film & Video Festival: http://bit.ly/YnQfa...

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Ohio Archaeology

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Duration: 39:24
Updated: 12 Jul 2013

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UCD Archaeology Society trip to Rathcroghan, Co. Roscommon

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Duration: 2:14
Updated: 18 Nov 2013

Credits: Made from my own material and photos taken from UCD's Archaeology Society Website: http://ucd-archsoc.blogspot.ie/2013/11/society-trip-to-rathcroghan-story-and.html?spref=fb

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Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks - Ohio's World Heritage Opportunity

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Duration: 8:49
Updated: 10 May 2013

Learn about the incredible Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks and how your support can help make them Ohio's first UNESCO World Heritage Site. Visit www.OhioHist...

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An Introduction to the Grave Creek Mound Archaeological Complex

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Duration: 3:29
Updated: 16 Jul 2013

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"Archaeology and the Cultural Heritage of African Americans in Virginia"

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Duration: 34:44
Updated: 16 Jul 2013

Then and Now: Archaeology, History and Preservation in the Mountain State Region. "Archaeology and the Cultural Heritage of African Americans in Virginia" Yw...

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The Old Fort Earthwork

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Duration: 2:55
Updated: 20 May 2013

A short overview of the Old Fort, a Hopewell earthwork, located in Jackson, Ohio.

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Fort Salem Mound

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Duration: 7:43
Updated: 16 Oct 2013

Fort Salem Indian Mound 4206 Certier Road · Lynchburg, Ohio 45142 It was very nice to be able drive 15 minutes down the road and find such a serene setting. There is a very special feel of the place and specially since there were auspicious signs. A great hidden gem. The mound gained a new neighbor just over a year ago. The new neighbor, William "Bill" Bear, began restoring an old farm house and its properties just across the country road from the Fort Salem Mound. Bill's love of history was just what the old mound needed in its new neighbor. This gave way to the building of a relationship between Bill and his new "friend" across the road. It was the beginning of an adventure in which both would experience change. The Fort Salem earthwork, also known as the Workman Works, was created by a group of Ohio Valley Indians (with both Adena and Hopewell cultural influence) sometime between 50 B.C. to AD 500. It is a circular enclosure about 450 feet in diameter that surrounds a conjoined mound. The larger mound of the conjoined pair was about 6 feet high and 60 feet in diameter, while the smaller one was about 4 feet high and 40 feet in diameter. The wall that surrounded the enclosure was about 3 feet high and was paralleled for much of its 700 foot plus length by an exterior ditch. Today both mounds are about 2 feet lower and the wall is only about 1 to 2 feet high. Due to a long period of the property being used as a simple pasture, and the presence of beech trees up to 10 feet in circumference, the site has been described as one of the best preserved earthworks remaining in private ownership in America. The Ohio Historical Society nominated the site to the Historical Register of Historic Places in 1971, but no scientific excavations have taken place there. In 2005, the Archaeological Conservancy purchased the 19-acre tract of land for a fair market price of $100,000. The Fort Salem earthwork is considered a particularly desirable acquisition for a number of reasons. The walls and mounds remain prominent and the possibility that the site was never plowed makes it especially desirable as a research preserve. Second, the site's location in between two great Hopewell population concentrations: those along the Little Miami River Northeast of Cincinnati and those along the Scioto River and Paint Creek near Chillicothe. The site may hold clues to how these two populations interacted. Lastly, the site is not readily assigned to any particular culture, as it has attributes of both Adena and Hopewell constructions. The plan of a circular earthen wall and ditch surrounding a central mound is typically Adena. However, placing the ditch outside the wall would be unusual for an Adena mound and circle, and the scale of the earthwork is more typical of the Hopewell. The above information is courtesy of Paul Gardner, from his article published in the Summer 2005 issue of American Archaeology There is evidence that some groups of Archaic people lived in Ohio at least until 1000 to 500 B.C. However, in the centuries just before the birth of Christ a new culture evolved in eastern North America. Archaeologists refer to this as the Woodland period. At first, the differences between Archaic and Woodland cultures seemed to be quite clear; the people of the Woodland period grew more plant food, lived in permanent villages, made pottery, and emphasized ceremony and art. These differences appeared to be so great that some archaeologists in the past believed that the Woodland peoples must have moved into Ohio from places as far away as Mexico. More recent research, however, shows that in much of the Ohio Valley, there was not an abrupt change, but rather a slow shift from Archaic to Woodland lifestyles You can find all the information at http://www.fortsalemindianmound.com/index.asp

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Hopewell Earthworks

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Duration: 2:41
Updated: 20 Mar 2013

Ohio Historical Society archaeologists discuss Hopewell earthworks.

http://wn.com/Hopewell_Earthworks

The Secret is in the Pyramids ?

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Duration: 44:21
Updated: 14 Jan 2014

By the 16th century, the Spanish conquistadors had conquered the Incas of South America and the Aztecs of Mexico. Seemingly invincible, they looked to North America next. They left a trail of destruction from Florida to the Mississippi River, but then - among a sophisticated community of pyramid-building Native Americans - the conquistadors met their match. Who were these people and how did they fight off - and defeat - what was then the most powerful army in the world? The secret is in the pyramids. Host will scale these great earthen mounds, build his own pyramid, and even face death by fire ants all in a quest to unlock the secrets of America's pyramids. The varying cultures collectively called Mound Builders were Pre-Columbian inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious and ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes. These included the Pre-Columbian cultures of the Archaic period; Woodland period (Adena and Hopewell cultures); and Mississippian period; dating from roughly 3400 BCE to the 16th century CE, and living in regions of the Great Lakes, the Ohio River valley, and the Mississippi River valley and its tributaries. Beginning with the construction of Watson Brake about 3400 BCE in present-day Louisiana, nomadic indigenous peoples started building earthwork mounds in North America nearly 1,000 years before the pyramids were constructed in Egypt. Since the 19th century, the prevailing scholarly consensus has been that the mounds were constructed by indigenous peoples of the Americas. Sixteenth-century Spanish explorers made contact with natives living in a number of later Mississippian cities, described their cultures, and left artifacts. By the time of United States westward expansion two hundred years later, Native Americans were generally not knowledgeable about the civilizations that produced the mounds. Research and study of these cultures and peoples has been based mostly on archaeology and anthropology. At one time, the term "mound builder" was applied to the people believed to have constructed these earthworks.[citation needed] In the 16th through 19th centuries, Europeans and Americans generally thought that a people other than one related to the historic Native Americans had built the mounds. The namesake cultural trait of the Mound Builders was the building of mounds and other earthworks. These burial and ceremonial structures were typically flat-topped pyramids or platform mounds, flat-topped or rounded cones, elongated ridges, and sometimes a variety of other forms. They were generally built as part of complex villages that arose from more dense populations, with a specialization of skills and knowledge. The early earthworks built in Louisiana c. 3400 BCE are the only ones known to be built by a hunter-gatherer culture. The best-known flat-topped pyramidal structure, which at over 100 feet (30 m) tall is the largest pre-Columbian earthwork north of Mexico, is Monks Mound at Cahokia Indian Mounds in present-day Collinsville, Illinois. At its peak about 1150 CE, Cahokia was an urban settlement with 20,000-30,000 people; this population was not exceeded by North American European settlements until after 1800. Some effigy mounds were constructed in the shapes or outlines of culturally significant animals. The most famous effigy mound, Serpent Mound in southern Ohio, is 5 feet (1.5 m) tall, 20 feet (6 m) wide, over 1,330 feet (405 m) long, and shaped as an undulating serpent. Many different tribal groups and chiefdoms, involving an array of beliefs and unique cultures over thousands of years, built mounds as expressions of their cultures. The general term, "mound builder," covered their shared architectural practice of earthwork mound construction. This practice, believed to be associated with a cosmology that had a cross-cultural appeal, may indicate common cultural antecedents. The first mound building was an early marker of political and social complexity among the cultures in the Eastern United States. Watson Brake in Louisiana, constructed about 3500 BCE during the Middle Archaic period, is the oldest dated mound complex in North America. It is one of eleven mound complexes from this period found in the Lower Mississippi Valley.

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The Twin Tridents (MH370) = Rapture or Judgment.

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Duration: 9:56
Updated: 27 Mar 2014

The name Tel Aviv (literally "Spring Mound") was chosen in 1910 from among many suggestions, including "Herzliya". Tel Aviv means ("Old New Land"), translated from German by Nahum Sokolow. Sokolow took the name from Ezekiel 3:15: "Then I came to them of the captivity at Tel Aviv, that lived by the river Chebar, and to where they lived; and I sat there overwhelmed among them seven days." This name was found fitting as it embraced the idea of the renaissance of the ancient Jewish homeland. Aviv is Hebrew for "spring", symbolizing renewal, and tel is an archaeological site that reveals layers of civilization built one over the other. Theories vary about the etymology of Jaffa or Yafo in Hebrew. Some believe that the name derives from yafah or yofi, Hebrew for "beautiful" or "beauty". Another tradition is that Japheth, son of Noah, founded the city and that it was named for him. The name is also transliterated as Tel-Abib in the King James Bible. In the archaeology of the United States and Canada, the term "mound" has specific and technical connotations. In this sense, a mound is a deliberately constructed elevated earthen structure or earthwork, intended for a range of potential uses. In European and Asian archaeology, the word "tumulus" may be used as a synonym for an artificial hill, particularly if the hill is related to particular burial customs. Stick and Carrot = Reward and Punishment Bell = Shofar = Vibration (shaking) = Trumpet Carrot = Diamond caret ring (Marriage/Rapture) Carrot = caret = Kite = False checks (deception) (Tel) Aviv = Mound = Spring = Mead = New Moon = Honey Moon = Rapture = Marriage Trident = Bell = Warning = Harvest = North Wind = Judgment = Wrath Bell = Marriage Bells = Rapture Tumulus culture is distinguished by the practice of burying the dead beneath burial mounds. Beaker culture is a type of Tumulus culture. It has been suggested that the beakers were designed for the consumption of alcohol, and that the introduction of the substance to Europe may have fueled the beakers' spread.Beer and mead content have been identified from certain examples. However, not all Beakers were drinking cups. Some were used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores, others have some organic residues associated with food, and still others were employed as funerary urns.[7] They were used as status display amongst disparate elites. "Honeymoon" is derived from the ancient Germanic custom of having newly-weds drink mead (the 'drink of love') for a whole moon (month) in order to encourage fertility, and a male child in particular Mead is an alcoholic beverage created by fermenting honey with water, and frequently fruits, spices, grains or hops. March 30th is the New Moon and March 31st would be the New Moon festival! March 31st was shown in the Back to the Future Movie as being the 2nd 911 March 27, 2014 (CNN) -- President Barack Obama gave Pope Francis a box of seeds as a gift, a fitting token....."These, I think, are carrots," Obama told the Pontiff, showing him a pouch from the box, which was made from timber from the first cathedral to open in the United States, in Baltimore. TELL: 1.(esp.in poker) an unconscious action that is thought to betray an attempted deception. Ezekiel 3:14-16 (CEV) 16 Seven days after I had seen the brightness of the Lord's glory, the Lord said: Ezekiel 3:1-3 3 The Lord said, "Ezekiel, son of man, after you eat this scroll, go speak to the people of Israel." 2-3 He handed me the scroll and said, "Eat this and fill up on it." So I ate the scroll, and it tasted sweet as honey. Mt 1:17: Therefore all the generations from Abraham to David (are) 14 generations, and from David to the Babylonian Transmigration fourteen generations, and from the Babylonian Transmigration to Christ fourteen generations. To begin with, Matthew's three sets of 14 generations appear to be divided according to the notion of a primitive 28-day month. From the new moon of Abraham Jewish history waxes to the full moon of David; then it wanes to the blackout of the Babylonian Deportation; and finally it waxes again to the full moon of the coming of the Messiah. Such an image would convey a messianic meaning as well as illustrate the unfolding of the Providence of God, and I think that this lunar image is suggested to some extent by the 14x3 generations, 11 but the full historical meaning seems much more refined than that. Looking at the lunar image, we find that David was in some sense the greatest king of the Jews: Jewish history waxed from Abraham to David. The Babylonian Captivity was perhaps the greatest catastrophe of the Jews before the time of Christ: Jewish history waned from David to the Captivity. And the coming of the Messiah was the culmination of the ancestral expectations: Jewish history waxed from the Captivity to Jesus. In this sense the lunar image fits the text of Mt 1:17

http://wn.com/The_Twin_Tridents_MH370_=_Rapture_or_Judgment

VIDEO: Dr. Brian Redmond, Head of Archaeology at CMNH

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Duration: 9:12
Updated: 02 Jul 2013

Another http://www.CoolCleveland.com video exclusive. VIDEO: Archaeology In Action Exclusive With Curator Dr. Brian Redmond What's it like to hold an artifac...

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Archaeology Day @ Fort Ancient

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Duration: 3:37
Updated: 24 Jun 2013

Check out www.FortAncient.org today!

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"Evidence for Siouan-Speaking Groups in Southern West Virginia"

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Duration: 39:41
Updated: 16 Jul 2013

Then and Now: Archaeology, History and Preservation in the Mountain State Region "Evidence for Siouan-Speaking Groups in Southern West Virginia" Darla Spence...

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Yarnbury Castle

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Duration: 1:53
Updated: 12 Jun 2013

The earthworks at Yarnbury comprise of three ramparts with outer ditches. The outer ramparts measure up to 3.5 m (11 ft) high, and the ditches a further 1.7 ...

http://wn.com/Yarnbury_Castle

"Ohio Valley Native American Earthwork Sites and New Discoveries through Remote Sensing."

Earth's Largest Newark Earthworks World's Astronomical Alignment Mysterious

Southwold Earthworks

Archaeology at work

Burgage Earthworks Project

Burgage Earthworks

Archaeological Evidence of the Amazon's Ancient Cities

The Stonehenge Documentary - Rediscovered Full DVD

Mysteries of the Ancient Architects

Ohio Archaeology

UCD Archaeology Society trip to Rathcroghan, Co. Roscommon

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks - Ohio's World Heritage Opportunity

An Introduction to the Grave Creek Mound Archaeological Complex

"Archaeology and the Cultural Heritage of African Americans in Virginia"

Make changes yourself !

"Ohio Valley Native American Earthwork Sites and New Discoveries through Remote Sensing."

Earth's Largest Newark Earthworks World's Astronomical Alignment Mysterious

Southwold Earthworks

Archaeology at work

Burgage Earthworks Project

Burgage Earthworks

Archaeological Evidence of the Amazon's Ancient Cities

The Stonehenge Documentary - Rediscovered Full DVD

Mysteries of the Ancient Architects

Ohio Archaeology

UCD Archaeology Society trip to Rathcroghan, Co. Roscommon

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks - Ohio's World Heritage Opportunity

An Introduction to the Grave Creek Mound Archaeological Complex

"Archaeology and the Cultural Heritage of African Americans in Virginia"

The Old Fort Earthwork

Fort Salem Mound

Hopewell Earthworks

The Secret is in the Pyramids ?