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Allerdale
Coordinates: 54°38′24″N 3°24′43″W / 54.640°N 3.412°W / 54.640; -3.412
Allerdale is a non-metropolitan district of Cumbria, England, with borough status. Its council is based in Workington and the borough has a population of 93,492 according to the 2001 census.
The Borough of Allerdale was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the municipal borough of Workington, the urban districts of Maryport, Cockermouth and Keswick; and the rural districts of Cockermouth and Wigton, all of which were within the administrative county of Cumberland. In 1995 Allerdale was granted borough status.
The name derives from the ancient region of Allerdale, represented latterly by the two wards of Cumberland, called Allerdale above Derwent and Allerdale below Derwent.
Elections to the borough council are held every 4 years with 56 councillor being elected from 31 wards. No party has had a majority on the council since Labour lost their majority at the 2003 election. As of the 2011 election, and following a by-election, the council is composed of the following councillors:-
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Altrincham
Coordinates: 53°23′02″N 2°21′17″W / 53.3838°N 2.3547°W / 53.3838; -2.3547
Altrincham (
i/ˈɒltrɪŋəm/ OL-tring-əm) is a market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on flat ground south of the River Mersey about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Manchester city centre, 3 miles (5 km) south-southwest of Sale and 10 miles (16 km) east of Warrington. As of the 2001 UK census, it had a population of about 41,000.
Historically a part of Cheshire, Altrincham was established as a market town in 1290, a time when most communities were based around agriculture rather than trade, and there is still a market in the town today. Further socioeconomic development came with the extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Altrincham in 1765 and the arrival of the railway in 1849, stimulating industrial activity in the town. Outlying villages were absorbed by Altrincham's subsequent growth, along with the grounds of Dunham Massey Hall, formerly the home of the Earl of Stamford, and now a tourist attraction with three Grade I listed buildings and a deer park.
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Ashton upon Mersey
Coordinates: 53°25′52″N 2°20′01″W / 53.4311°N 2.3336°W / 53.4311; -2.3336
Ashton upon Mersey is an area of Sale in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the south bank of the River Mersey, in the northwestern part of Sale, and is situated about 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Manchester city centre.
Historically a part of Cheshire, it became an urban district in 1895 under the Local Government Act 1894. In 1930 the Ashton upon Mersey urban district was abolished and the area became a part of the urban district of Sale.
A 4th-century hoard of 46 Roman coins was discovered and is one of four known hoards dating from that period discovered within the Mersey basin. In the 18th century, it was thought that Ashton upon Mersey might have been the site of a Roman station, next to the River Mersey, called Fines Miaimae & Flaviae. However, this was based on the De Situ Britanniae, a manuscript forged by Charles Bertram, and there is no evidence to suggest any such station existed. The name Ashton is Old English for "village or farm near the ash trees", suggesting that Ashton upon Mersey is of Anglo-Saxon origin. The township is first mentioned in 1260.
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Audenshaw
Coordinates: 53°28′27″N 2°06′44″W / 53.4743°N 2.1122°W / 53.4743; -2.1122
Audenshaw is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It is located on the east side of the River Tame, along the course of both the M60 motorway and the Ashton Canal, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) southwest of Ashton-under-Lyne and 4.9 miles (7.9 km) east of the city of Manchester. As at the United Kingdom Census 2001, Audenshaw had a population of 13,000.
The name Audenshaw is a corruption of its earlier name Aldwinshagh which derives from Aldwin, a Saxon personal name, combined with the Old English suffix shagh meaning woodland. Nico Ditch, an early-medieval linear earthwork possibly built as a defensive barrier against Vikings, runs through the area. During the Middle Ages, Audenshaw was a division of the township of Ashton, in the county of Lancashire. Audenshaw's urbanisation and expansion largely coincided with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. In the 1870s, many of Audenshaw's inhabitants were employed in hat-making, cotton-spinning, calico-printing, and silk-weaving. In 1894 this area became Audenshaw Urban District and in the poor law union of Ashton-under-Lyne. In 1974 it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside.
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Birmingham
Birmingham (
i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Blackpool
Blackpooli/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.
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Blackrod
Coordinates: 53°35′23″N 2°34′51″W / 53.5898°N 2.5809°W / 53.5898; -2.5809
Blackrod is a settlement and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northeast of Wigan and 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west of Bolton and, according to the United Kingdom Census 2001, has a population of 5,300.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Blackrod was once a centre for coal mining
The name Blackrod derives from the Old English, blaec and rodu, meaning a "dark clearing". The first mention of the town dates to 1189, when it was recorded as Blacherode. It was recorded as Blakerodein 1200, and Blacrode in 1220. Another suggestion is that "rod" may refer to Holy Rood, Cross of Christ.
Blackrod is reputed to be the site of a Roman station and they built a fort on the northern side of the town, on what is now a residential area called Castle Croft. The A6 road is built along the course of a Roman road passes below the hill on which the town is built.
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Bolton
Coordinates: 53°34′43″N 2°25′48″W / 53.578474°N 2.429914°W / 53.578474; -2.429914
Boltoni/ˈboʊltən/ is a town in Greater Manchester, in the North West of England. Close to the West Pennine Moors, it is 10 miles (16 km) north west of the city of Manchester. Bolton is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the administrative centre. The town of Bolton has a population of 139,403, whilst the wider metropolitan borough has a population of 262,400.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bolton originated as a small settlement in the moorland known as Bolton le Moors. During the English Civil War the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in a staunchly Royalist region, and as a result Bolton was stormed by 3,000 Royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1644. In what became known as the Bolton Massacre, 1,600 residents were killed and 700 were taken prisoner.
Noted as a former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area during the 15th century, developing a wool and cotton weaving tradition. The urbanisation and development of Bolton largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It was a boomtown of the 19th century and at its zenith, in 1929, its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dying works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War, and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton.
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Borough of Burnley
Coordinates: 53°47′13″N 2°14′42″W / 53.787°N 2.245°W / 53.787; -2.245
The Borough of Burnley is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a non-metropolitan district and borough. It has an area of 42.7 square miles (110.7 km2) and a population of 85,300 (2010 est.), and is named for its largest town, Burnley. The borough is bounded by Hyndburn, Ribble Valley, Pendle, Rossendale — all in Lancashire — and the borough of Calderdale — in West Yorkshire. It is governed by Burnley Borough Council, which has been controlled by the Liberal Democrats since 2008.
The current borders date from April 1, 1974, when the former county borough of Burnley merged with the urban district of Padiham and part of Burnley Rural District. In 2007 its proposal to merge with neighbouring Pendle Borough Council to form a larger unitary authority was rejected by the government.
Burnley Borough Council has been governed since 2008 by the Liberal Democrats after a predominantly Labour controlled history. The borough comprises 15 wards electing a total of 45 councillors.
wn.com/Borough_of_Burnley -
Borough of Chorley
Coordinates: 53°39′11″N 2°37′55″W / 53.653°N 2.632°W / 53.653; -2.632
The Borough of Chorley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, the town of Chorley.
The present Borough of Chorley was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the then existing municipal borough of Chorley with the urban districts of Adlington and Withnell, and Chorley Rural District.
With exception of the town of Chorley, which remains an unparished area, the borough has twenty-three civil parishes: Adlington, Anderton, Anglezarke, Astley Village, Bretherton, Brindle, Charnock Richard, Clayton-le-Woods, Coppull, Croston, Cuerden, Eccleston, Euxton, Heapey, Heath Charnock, Heskin, Hoghton, Mawdesley, Rivington, Ulnes Walton, Wheelton, Whittle-le-Woods, and Withnell.
Chorley Council is made up of forty-seven councillors, representing the following twenty electoral wards:
The Chorley Parliament constituency is a constituency in the House of Commons, and until recently it was coterminous with the borough. Through boundary changes, Croston, Eccleston, Bretherton and Mawdesley were transferred to the South Ribble constituency. The current Member of Parliament for Chorley is Lindsay Hoyle, who was first elected to the seat in 1997.
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Borough of Copeland
Coordinates: 54°25′52″N 3°23′20″W / 54.431°N 3.389°W / 54.431; -3.389
The Borough of Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Whitehaven. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Whitehaven, Ennerdale Rural District and Millom Rural District.
The name is derived from an alternate name for the Cumberland ward of Allerdale above Derwent, which covered roughly the same area.
Different explanations exist for the name. According to a document issued at the time of the borough's grant of arms, the name Copeland is derived from kaupland or bought land, the area of the Forest having been bought from the estate of St Bees Priory.
Angus Winchester (1985) upholds that the name kaupland derives from the Irish-Norse invasion of the area in the tenth century (Wainwright 1975). According to this explanation, the area was purchased from the Kingdom of Strathclyde, possibly with loot from Ireland. Geoffrey Hodgson (2008) argues that this Viking invasion accounts for the high frequency of the Hodgson surname in the area.
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Borough of Fylde
Coordinates: 53°45′47″N 2°56′02″W / 53.763°N 2.934°W / 53.763; -2.934
The Borough of Fylde is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It covers part of the Fylde plain, after which it is named. The council's headquarters are in St Annes. Some council departments, including Planning and an office of the Registrar, were previously located in Wesham, but in 2007 these offices were transferred to the ownership of the NHS North Lancashire Primary Care Trust.
Fylde borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Lytham St Annes, Kirkham Urban District, and Fylde Rural District.
The armorial arms of the borough bear the motto of the former Fylde RDC "Gaudeat Ager" from Psalm 96: ‘Let the field (Fylde) be joyful' - "Let Fylde Prosper". The armorial bearings comprise a complete Achievement of Arms, that is - shield, crest and helm and mantling, supporters, badge and motto. They reflect the union of the three local authorities in the area: Lytham St Annes Borough Council, Kirkham Urban District Council and Fylde Rural District Council.
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Borough of Halton
Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a unitary authority. It was created in 1974 as a district of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998. It consists of the towns of Widnes and Runcorn and the civil parishes of Hale, Daresbury, Moore, Preston Brook, Halebank and Sandymoor. The district borders Merseyside, Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester. The borough straddles the River Mersey - the area to the north (including Widnes) is historically part of Lancashire, that to the south (including Runcorn) part of Cheshire.
Although Halton dates back to the 12th century (and beyond) when land on both sides of the river belonged to the Barony of Halton, the origin of the District Council was the outcome of the local government commission's suggested reforms of England, in 1969, the Redcliffe-Maud Report. This proposed to create metropolitan counties constituted of Metropolitan District Councils in the most urbanised parts of England. The model was that of the London Boroughs and Greater London Council formed in 1964. South Lancashire and North Cheshire were two of these and two new Metropolitan Counties were to be formed around Liverpool (as 'Merseyside' county) and Manchester/Salford (as 'Greater Manchester' county.) however, the towns of Widnes and Runcorn (and the County Borough of Warrington) which lay between these were reluctant to join either. The Commission agreed that the Halton group and Warrington were to become District Councils within Cheshire, as they were detached from Lancashire by the two new Metropolitan Counties controlling the territory to the north. However, the Metropolitan Counties ceased as local government units (along with the GLC) in 1984 and any remaining powers were devolved to the constituent Metropolitan Districts which cooperated over joint police authorities and fire services.
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Bredbury
Coordinates: 53°25′14″N 2°06′49″W / 53.4206°N 2.1135°W / 53.4206; -2.1135
Bredbury is a suburban town within the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England, located 7.9 miles (12.7 km) south east of Manchester, 1.8 miles (2.9 km) east of Stockport and 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south west of Hyde. At the 2001 census it had a population of 15,126.
The village reaches to the lower southern slopes of Werneth Low, an outlier of the Peak District between the valleys of the River Tame and River Goyt, head-waters of the River Mersey.
The area must have been unattractive to the Brigantes settlers in pre-Roman Britain, with its bleak hilltop, the heavy clay soil of the intermediate land probably covered by trees and becoming marshy where the slopes flattened out, and the swampy valley floors. The rivers flowed more fully before their waters were dammed in the 19th century to supply Manchester, Stockport and other towns. However, where the valley of the River Goyt narrows at New Bridge, passage was possible, and here an ancient highway entered the village to proceed along the higher land to the north east.
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Bury
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°17′53″W / 53.593°N 2.298°W / 53.593; -2.298
Bury /ˈbɛrɪ/ is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Bolton, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) west-southwest of Rochdale, and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. Bury is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, with Bury as the largest settlement and administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bury emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a mill town centred on textile manufacture.
Bury is regionally notable for its open-air market - Bury Market - and its popularity has been increased since the introduction of the Manchester Metrolink tram system, which terminates in the town. The market is known for its supply of a local traditional dish - black pudding, served hot or cold and can be eaten either as a takeaway snack, or more commonly as an accompaniment or main ingredient of a meal starter or main course.
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Cadishead
Coordinates: 53°25′37″N 2°26′02″W / 53.427°N 2.434°W / 53.427; -2.434
Cadishead is a suburban town within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, Cadishead is the most southwesterly settlement in the city of Salford.
The earliest record of Cadishead date to 1212, and show that the whole of Cadishead – then called Cadewalesate – was rented from King John by Gilbert Notton for four shillings (20p) a year, a sum equivalent to about £650 today. The name derives from the Old English words wælla and set, and Cada, a personal name; it means the "dwelling or fold by the stream of a man called Cada".
Until the early 19th century most of the area was part of the peat bog known as Chat Moss, but by 1805 work had started to reclaim the land. The opening of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894 had a major effect on the subsequent development of Cadishead.
Cadishead is situated between Irlam and Hollins Green/Rixton, either side of Liverpool Road (the A57) and adjacent to the Manchester Ship Canal and the M62 motorway, close to the border between Greater Manchester and Warrington. There are two purpose-built play areas located in the Hayes road area and on Lord Street (which, controversially, was built on an old graveyard). The Northbank industrial park dominates the east of Cadishead and the border with Irlam and supplies many jobs to the local area. Famous sons of Cadishead include Ray Lowry, Lowry was a painter and cartoonist with his most famous work being the London Calling album cover for the Clash.
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Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
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Chadderton
Coordinates: 53°32′46″N 2°08′33″W / 53.5462°N 2.1426°W / 53.5462; -2.1426
Chadderton (pop. 33,000) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England, historically a part of Lancashire. It lies along the course of the River Irk and the Rochdale Canal, on undulating land in the foothills of the Pennines, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Oldham, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Rochdale, and 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of the city of Manchester.
During the Middle Ages, Chadderton was chiefly distinguished by its two mansions, Foxdenton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and by the prestigious families who occupied them. Its early history is marked by its status as a manorial township, with its own line of lords and overlords, who included the Asshetons, Chethams, Radclyffes, and Traffords. Farming was the main industry of the area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
Chadderton's urbanisation and expansion largely coincided with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. A late 19th-century factory-building boom transformed Chadderton from a rural township into a major mill town—one of several in its region—and the second most populous urban district in the United Kingdom. More than 50 cotton mills had been built in Chadderton by 1914.
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Cheshire
Cheshire (
/ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Chester
Coordinates: 53°11′33″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1926°N 2.8918°W / 53.1926; -2.8918
Chester ( /ˈtʃɛstər/ CHESS-tər), is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 80,121 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
Chester was founded as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the year 79 by the Roman Legio II Adiutrix during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. Chester's four main roads, Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridge, follow routes laid out at this time – almost 2,000 years ago. One of the three main Roman army bases, Deva later became a major settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. After the Romans left in the 5th century, the Saxons fortified the town against the Danes and gave Chester its name. The patron saint of Chester, Werburgh, is buried in Chester Cathedral.
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Chill Factore
Chill Factore, commonly pronounced as either "Chill Factor" or "Chill Factory", is a £31M real snow indoor ski centre located in the Trafford Park area of Manchester, United Kingdom. Designed by Faulknerbrowns Architects the centre opened in November 2007 at which time it was the longest in the United Kingdom and the widest in the world, at 180 metres (590 ft) long and 100 metres (330 ft) wide at its widest point.
In 2011, the Guinness world record for longest chain of skiers to travel 100m without breaking, was recorded at Chill factore.
The main slope is served by two drag lifts, suspended from the ceiling thus widening the available piste area and allowing for easier maintenance of the slope. This differs from the other centres in the UK where the lift supports are on the piste. In addition to the main slope, the centre features a nursery slope, a luge track, and dedicated snowplay and tubing areas. Other activities include Airboarding, Snow Zipper, Sledging, Zumba and "Avalanche" snow sphereing.
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City of Bradford
The City of Bradfordi/ˈbrædfəd/ is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Bradford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Keighley, Shipley, Bingley, Ilkley, Haworth, Silsden and Denholme. Bradford has a population of 501,700, making it the fourth-most populous metropolitan district and the sixth-most populous local authority district in England. It forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and the city is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), which, with a population of 2,393,300, is the third largest in the United Kingdom after London and Manchester.
The city is situated on the edge of the Pennines, and is bounded to the east by the City of Leeds, the south east by the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees and the south west by the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale. The Pendle borough of Lancashire lies to the west, whilst the Craven and Harrogate boroughs of North Yorkshire lie to the north west and north east of the city. Bradford, the urban core, is the 11th largest settlement in England, and the contiguous urban area to the north which includes the towns of Shipley and Bingley is heavily populated. The spa town of Ilkley lies further north, whilst the town of Keighley lies to the west. Roughly two thirds of the district is rural, with an environment varying from moorlands in the north and west, to valleys and floodplains formed by the river systems that flow throughout the district. More than half of Bradford’s land is green open space, stretching over part of the Airedale and Wharfedale Valleys, across the hills and the Pennine moorland between. The Yorkshire Dales and the Peak District are both in close proximity.
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City of Carlisle
The City of Carlisle ( /kɑrˈlaɪl/, locally /ˈkɑːlaɪl/) is a local government district of Cumbria, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Carlisle, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Brampton and Longtown, as well as outlying villages including Dalston, Scotby and Wetheral. The city has a population of 100,739, and an area of 1,039.97 square kilometres (402 sq mi), making it the largest city in England by area (although the majority of its territory is not urbanised, but rural).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of two former local government districts—the City and County Borough of Carlisle and the Border Rural District of Cumberland. The City of Carlisle shares a border with Scotland (to the north), and is bounded on the southwest by the borough of Allerdale, and on the south by Eden. The county of Northumberland is to the east.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages, farms and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of 222 square miles (575 km2).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts—the municipal boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, together with the Carnforth Urban District and rural districts of Lancaster and Lunesdale, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.
The higher tier of local government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are many parish councils. There is a List of civil parishes in the district.
The district comprises two parliamentary constituencies: Lancaster and Fleetwood and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives.
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City of Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 The City of Leeds is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, governed by Leeds City Council, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. The metropolitan district includes Leeds and the towns of Farsley, Garforth, Guiseley, Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell, Wetherby and Yeadon. It has a population of 798,800 (2010 est.) and is the second largest local government district in England by population; and the second largest metropolitan district by area.
The current city boundaries were set on 1 April 1974 by the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, as part a reform of local government in England. The city is a merger of eleven former local government districts; the unitary City and County Borough of Leeds combined with the municipal boroughs of Morley and Pudsey, the urban districts of Aireborough, Garforth, Horsforth, Otley and Rothwell, and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wharfedale and Wetherby from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
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City of Salford
The City of Salford ( /ˈsɒlfəd/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest settlement,Salford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Eccles, Swinton and Pendlebury, Walkden and Irlam which apart from Irlam each have a population of over 35,000. The city has a population of 218,000, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts. It is bounded on the south east by the River Irwell, which forms its boundary with the city of Manchester and by the Manchester Ship Canal to the south, which forms its boundary with Trafford. The metropolitan boroughs of Wigan, Bolton and Bury lie to the west, northwest and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialised and densely populated, but around one third of the city consists of rural open space. This is because the western half of the city stretches across an ancient peat bog known as Chat Moss.
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City of Sunderland
The City of Sunderland /ˈsʌndərlənd/ is a local government district of Tyne and Wear, in North East England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Sunderland, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Hetton-le-Hole, Houghton-le-Spring, Washington, and a range of suburban villages.
The district was formed in 1974 as the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 and is an amalgamation of four former local government districts of County Durham. It was granted city status in 1992, the 40th anniversary of the Queen Elizabeth II's accession. The city had a population of 280,807 at the time of the 2001 census, with the majority of the population (177,739) residing in Sunderland. The 'Sunderland Urban Area' (including Whitburn in South Tyneside) is quoted alternatively as having a population of around 200,000.
The metropolitan borough was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of several districts of County Durham - Washington Urban District, Houghton-le-Spring Urban District and Hetton Urban District - with the County Borough of Sunderland.
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City of Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°29′56″W / 53.683°N 1.499°W / 53.683; -1.499
The City of Wakefield ( /ˈweɪkfiːld/) is a local government district of West Yorkshire, England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. Wakefield is the district's administrative centre. The district includes the "Five Towns" of Normanton, Pontefract, Featherstone, Castleford and Knottingley. Other towns include Ossett, Hemsworth, South Kirkby & Moorthorpe and South Elmsall. Wakefield lies between Leeds and Sheffield and is ranked as the 89th largest city in the European Union. In 2010, Wakefield was named as the UK's third 'most musical' City by PRS for Music.
In recent years, the economic and physical condition of several of the former mining towns and villages in Wakefield District have started to improve due to the booming economy of Leeds - and an increase in numbers of commuters to the city from the sub-region - and a recognition of undeveloped assets. For instance Castleford, to the North East of Wakefield is seeing extensive development and investment because of the natural asset of its outlook on to the River Aire, its easy access to the national motorway network and the availability of former mining land for house-building. In Ossett, house prices have risen from an average of £50,000 in 1998 to £130,000 in 2003.
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Coventry
Coventry (i/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Davyhulme
Coordinates: 53°27′21″N 2°22′06″W / 53.455881°N 2.368252°W / 53.455881; -2.368252
Davyhulme is a locality within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Lancashire, it is contiguous with the town of Urmston.
Davyhulme is very popular with young families due to the area's high achieving primary and secondary schools and a large selection of detached and semi-detached houses. The nearby Trafford Centre and the Chill Factore have added a lot of value to the area, as has the re-development of close-by Urmston town centre.
The area is notable for Davyhulme Sewage Works, one of the largest wastewater treatment plants in Europe. Opened in 1894, the site is operated by United Utilities and serves a population of 1.2 million in and around the city of Manchester.
Also known as Davyhulme Millenium Nature Reserve, the area set along the Manchester Ship Canal and is popular with dog walkers and children on bicycles. The area is owned by United Utilities, and was managed by a warden when first opened to the public. It is notable for being one of the few places in the area not owned by Peel Holdings, although they do own the canal.
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Deva Victrix
Deva Victrix, or simply Deva, was a legionary fortress and town in the Roman province of Britannia. The settlement evolved into Chester, the county town of Cheshire, England. The fortress was built initially by the Legio II Adiutrix in the AD 70s as the Roman army advanced north against the Brigantes, but completed over the next few decades by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix.
Several factors including the presence of an elliptical building unique in legionary fortresses, the method of construction, and the unusual size of the fortress – 20% larger than other Roman fortresses in Britain – suggest that it may have been intended as the base for a potential invasion of Ireland, and perhaps eventually to become the capital of Britain. The fortress contained barracks, granaries, military headquarters, military baths, and an unusual elliptical building that may have acted as the governor of Britain's headquarters. The fortress was rebuilt in stone at the end of the 1st century AD when it was occupied by the Legio XX Valeria Victrix, and again in the early 3rd century. The legion probably remained at the fortress until it eventually fell into disuse in the late 4th or early 5th century.
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Diocese of Chester
Coordinates: 53°14′56″N 2°45′40″W / 53.249°N 2.761°W / 53.249; -2.761
The Diocese of Chester is a Church of England diocese in the Province of York based in Chester, covering the county of Cheshire in its pre-1974 boundaries (and therefore including the Wirral and parts of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Metropolitan Borough of Trafford and the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside). The cathedral is Chester Cathedral and the bishop is the Bishop of Chester.
The city had before the sixteenth century possessed a bishop and a cathedral, though only intermittently. Even before the Norman conquest the title "Bishop of Chester" is found in documents applied to prelates who would be more correctly described as Bishop of Mercia, or Bishop of Lichfield. After the Council of London in 1075 had decreed the transfer of all episcopal chairs to cities, Peter, Bishop of Lichfield, removed his seat from Lichfield to Chester, and became known as Bishop of Chester. There he chose The Collegiate Church of St. John the Baptist as his cathedral. The next bishop, however, transferred the see to Coventry on account of the rich monastery there, though he retained the episcopal palace at Chester. The Diocese of Coventry and Lichfield was of enormous extent, and it was probably found convenient to have something analogous to a cathedral at Chester, even though the cathedra itself were elsewhere; accordingly the church of St. John ranked as a cathedral for a considerable time, and had its own dean and chapter of secular canons down to the time of the Reformation.
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Droylsden
Coordinates: 53°28′58″N 2°09′30″W / 53.4828°N 2.1582°W / 53.4828; -2.1582
Droylsden is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4.1 miles (6.6 km) to the east of Manchester city centre, and 2.2 miles (3.5 km) west-southwest of Ashton-under-Lyne, it has a population of 23,172.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Droylsden grew as a mill town around the cotton mills established in the mid-19th century, and the Ashton and Peak Forest canals. Beginning in the early 1930s, Droylsden's population expanded rapidly, as it became a housing overflow area for neighbouring Manchester.
Since 1785, the Fairfield area of Droylsden has been home to the Fairfield Moravian Church, a Moravian community which continues to function in Droylsden today.
Droylsden was settled around 900AD. Before Droylsden became a part of Greater Manchester, it was popularly referred to by Mancunians as "The Silly Country". One suggestion as to the source of that nickname is that once a year, some of the town's folk used to watch an annual carnival by bringing a pig and sitting it on a wall to watch the passing entertainment with them. The Pig on the Wall public house, converted from a farm in 1978, takes its name from that story.
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Dukinfield
Coordinates: 53°28′26″N 2°04′58″W / 53.4739°N 2.0828°W / 53.4739; -2.0828
Dukinfield is a small town within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies in central Tameside on the south bank of the River Tame, opposite Ashton-under-Lyne, and is 6.3 miles (10.1 km) east of the city of Manchester. At the time of the 2001 census it had a population of 18,885.
Historically a part of Cheshire, the town is a product of the Industrial Revolution when its development was accelerated by the growth of coal mining and the cotton industry.
The earliest evidence of human activity around Dukinfield comes from a collection of four flints from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. The artefacts were discovered on the site of Dukinfield Hall and have been taken as evidence of a prehistoric settlement on the site. There is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Roman period. A 3rd-century bronze Roman coin, from the reign of Emperor Tetricus I was discovered in the town.
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Dunham Castle
Dunham Castle is an early medieval castle in Dunham Massey, England (grid reference SJ73428742). The castle is first referred to in 1173, in a document stating Hamo de Masci held the castles of Dunham and Ullerwood. Documentary evidence suggests the castle at Dunham was still standing in 1323. The castle fell into disuse between 1323 and 1362. The castle probably existed on a mound, or motte, near the site of where Dunham Massey Hall is today. The motte is 24 metres (79 ft) in diameter and survives 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height. The site was surrounded by a moat which was later turned into an ornamental lake. Dunham Castle has been confused with Watch Hill Castle in nearby Bowdon, but the two were separate castles, though both probably owned by de Masci. Dunham Castle was a Scheduled Ancient Monument, but was delisted.
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Dunham Massey
Coordinates: 53°22′52″N 2°23′49″W / 53.3810°N 2.3970°W / 53.3810; -2.3970
Dunham Massey is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. The parish includes the villages of Sinderland Green, Dunham Woodhouse and Dunham Town, along with Dunham Massey Park, formerly the home of the last Earl of Stamford and owned by the National Trust since 1976. Dunham Massey was historically in the county of Cheshire, but since 1974 has been part of Trafford Metropolitan Borough; the nearest town is Altrincham. As of the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 475.
Dunham Massey has a long history, as reflected in its 45 listed buildings. It was a locally important area during the medieval period, and acted as the seat for the Massey barony. The Georgian hall, with the remains of a castle in its grounds, is a popular tourist attraction. There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dunham Massey: Dunham Park, located south of Dunham Town, and Brookheys Covert.
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Eboracum
Eboracum was a fort and city in Roman Britain. The settlement evolved into York, located in North Yorkshire, England.
The first known recorded mention of Eboracum by name is dated circa 95-104 AD and is an address containing the Latin form of the settlement's name, "Eburaci", on a wooden stylus tablet from the Roman fortress of Vindolanda in what is now the modern Northumberland. During the Roman Period the name was also written in the form Eboracum and Eburacum.
The etymology of Eboracum is uncertain as the language of the indigenous population of the area was never recorded. However, the generally accepted view of British history, is that the inhabitants of Britain at this time spoke a Celtic language related to modern Welsh. This language has been reconstructed from Latin place names and modern Celtic languages, and has been called by scholars Common Brythonic. The name "Eboracum" is thought to have derived from the Common Brythonic Eborakon which probably means "place of the yew trees". The word for "yew" was probably something like *eburos in Celtic (cf. Old Irish ibar "yew-tree", Irish: iobhar, Scottish Gaelic: iubhar, Welsh: efwr "alder buckthorn", Breton: evor "alder buckthorn"), combined with the suffix *-āko(n) "place" (cf. Welsh -og) meaning "place of the yew trees" (cf. efrog in Welsh, eabhrac in Irish Gaelic and eabhraig in Scottish Gaelic, by which names the city is known in those languages). The name is then thought to have been Latinized by replacing -acon with -acum, according to a common use noted in Gaul. The different Évry, Ivry, Ivrey, Ivory in France would all come from *Eboracum / *Eboriacum f. e. Ivry-la-Bataille (Eure, Ebriaco in 1023 - 1033), Ivry-le-Temple (Evriacum in 1199)Évry (Essonne, Everiaco in 1158), etc.
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Eden District
Eden is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Penrith. It is named after the River Eden which flows north through the district toward Carlisle.
It has an area of 2,156 km², making it (since 2009) the eighth largest district in England and the largest non-unitary district. It also has the lowest population density of any English district, with a mean of just 24 persons per square kilometre.
The district council was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the Penrith urban district, Alston with Garrigill Rural District and Penrith Rural District, all in Cumberland, and Appleby Municipal Borough, part of Lakes urban district and North Westmorland Rural District, all in Westmorland.
Part of the Lake District National Park is in the district.
The West Coast Main Railway Line runs through the district but with only one station at Penrith. Services on this line are provided by Virgin Trains and First Transpennine Express. The Northern Rail Settle-Carlisle Railway also goes through the district and has stations at Armathwaite, Lazonby, Langwathby, Appleby and Kirkby Stephen.
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European Parliament
The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is currently composed of 754 Members of the European Parliament, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
It has been directly elected every five years by universal suffrage since 1979. However, turnout at European Parliament elections has fallen consecutively at each election since that date, and has been under 50% since 1999. Turnout in 2009 stood at 43% of all European voters, ranging from 90% in Luxembourg and Belgium (where compulsory voting is used) to 20% in Slovakia. Turnout was under 50% in 18 out of 27 member states.
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Failsworth
Coordinates: 53°30′37″N 2°09′27″W / 53.5102°N 2.1575°W / 53.5102; -2.1575
Failsworth is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on undulating ground, on the course of the Rochdale Canal and north bank of the River Medlock. It is 2.7 miles (4.3 km) west-northwest of Ashton-under-Lyne, 2.9 miles (4.7 km) south-southwest of Oldham and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) to the east-northeast of Manchester city centre. Failsworth lies within the orbital M60 motorway, which skirts Failsworth's eastern boundary. Failsworth had a total population of 20,555 in 2001.
Historically a part of Lancashire, until the 19th century Failsworth was a small agricultural township linked, ecclesiastically, with the parish of Manchester. Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom weaving in the domestic system. The introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution facilitated a process of unplanned urbanisation in the area, giving rise to Failsworth as a mill town, marked architecturally by several large redbrick cotton mills.
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Farnworth
Coordinates: 53°32′43″N 2°24′00″W / 53.5452°N 2.3999°W / 53.5452; -2.3999
Farnworth is within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is located 2.3 miles (3.7 km) southeast of Bolton, 5 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 9 miles (14.5 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and the River Croal, and according to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 25,264 people.
Farnworth derives from the Old English fearn, fern and worth an enclosure. Farnworth was recorded as Farneworth and Farnewrth in 1278 and 1279 and Ffornword in a land survey of 1282.
Farnworth was originally a hamlet in Barton. In the 13th century it was held by the Lords of Barton and Manchester. By 1320 Adam Lever, Richard Hulton and Richard Redford held the manor as tenants. Later the manor was acquired by the Hultons of Over Hulton. In 1666 there were 91 hearths in Farnworth liable to pay tax. The commons were enclosed in 1798. There was a watermill on the River Croal.
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Firswood
Coordinates: 53°27′09″N 2°16′45″W / 53.4525°N 2.2793°W / 53.4525; -2.2793
Firswood is an area of Stretford in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England.
Firswood borders Old Trafford and Chorlton-cum-Hardy. It was largely occupied by Firs Farm, which remained in a reduced form until 1960, when social housing was built along Rye Bank Road and Warwick Road. Before being drained, it was largely a peat bog, which explains the lack of development before the 20th century.
Firswood is home to the Quadrant road junction on King's Road which is the most recognisable place in the area: in the centre are public gardens. The Quadrant pub, a disused branch library which has been closed for several years, and a number of shops will be found there.
The community continues to thrive around the Quadrant which forms the hub of the area and marks the place of one of the first centres for holistic therapy and complementary medicine in the UK.
It is also next to Longford Park which has an entrance just off the Quadrant. Old Trafford Metrolink station, Firswood Metrolink station, and the number 15 bus, serve the Firswood area. A large B&Q store is nearby in Great Stone Road.
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Golborne
Coordinates: 53°28′33″N 2°35′39″W / 53.4758°N 2.5943°W / 53.4758; -2.5943
Golborne is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies 5.4 miles (8.7 km) south-southeast of Wigan, 6.1 miles (9.8 km) northeast of Warrington and 13.8 miles (22.2 km) to the west of the city of Manchester. It has a population of 23,119.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Golborne owes most of its growth to the mining and textile industry. There was also significant agricultural activity in the village, and many farms still belong to the families who originally owned them.
The name Golborne derives from the Old English golde and burna, and means "stream where marsh marigolds grow". The earliest settlements in the village were on banks of the Millingford Brook- hence the name of the village being taken from a water course where calendula grew. Golborne has been recorded in ancient documents as Goldeburn in 1187, Goldburc in 1201, Goseburn and Goldburn in 1212 and Golburne in 1242. Golborne and Gowborne were 16th century spellings.
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Gorse Hill
Gorse Hill is a part of Stretford within the Trafford area in Greater Manchester, England. It is a residential area with two minor industrial estates on either side of the main A56 Chester Rd, which divides the two halves of the ward. Gorse Hill Park is a park which has recently had its historic main gates renovated and sits in between the two halves of the ward also, bridging Chester Road and Talbot Road. Gorse Hill is also the northern most ward for Trafford council and also is home to the Trafford Town Hall, housing the council offices. Gorse Hill shares a border with Old Trafford ward, both Manchester United F.C. and Lancashire County Cricket Club call this area home.
Coordinates: 53°27′09″N 2°17′41″W / 53.4525°N 2.2948°W / 53.4525; -2.2948
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Hale Barns
Coordinates: 53°22′03″N 2°19′05″W / 53.3676°N 2.318°W / 53.3676; -2.318
Hale Barns is an affluent village in Altrincham in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England. Historically part of Cheshire, Hale Barns lies about 12 miles (19 km) south of Manchester city centre, 2 miles west of Manchester Airport and close to the River Bollin. According to the 2001 census, the village had a population of 9,143.
During the medieval period, Hale Barns was originally an outlying area of the township of Hale but the growth in prosperity of the area led Hale Barns to become established as a separate settlement. The village gets its name from the tithe barn that used to stand in Hale Barns. Before the industrial revolution, Hale Barns was an agricultural village, but since then evolved into a commuter settlement. Today the village is a rural place with 'The Square' as its economic centre. There has been controversy over the redevelopment of the shopping centre, with residents voicing concern over congestion in the area. Catholic boys grammar school St Ambrose College is in Hale Barns. The village is also home to Ringway golf club. Cotteril Clough, in Hale Barns, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its ancient and diverse woodland.
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Horwich
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°33′32″W / 53.593°N 2.559°W / 53.593; -2.559
Horwich ( /ˈhɒrɪtʃ/) is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 5.3 miles (8.5 km) southeast of Chorley, 5.8 miles (9.3 km) northwest of Bolton and 20 miles (32 km) northwest from the city of Manchester. It lies at the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors with the M61 motorway close to the south and west. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Horwich had a population of 19,312.
Historically within Lancashire, Horwich emerged in the Middle Ages as a hunting chase. Streams flowing from the moors were harnessed to provide power for bleachworks and other industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The textile industry became a major employer and after 1884 the construction of the railway works caused the population of the town to increase dramatically. The old industries have closed and regeneration has been led by out of town developments, particularly at Middlebrook, which, since 1997 has been the base of Bolton Wanderers football club, who play at the Reebok Stadium, having moved from Burnden Park near Bolton town centre.
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Hyndburn
Coordinates: 53°46′05″N 2°22′55″W / 53.768°N 2.382°W / 53.768; -2.382
Hyndburn is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Accrington. The district is named after the River Hyndburn.
It was formed in 1974 by the amalgamation of the Borough of Accrington, the Urban Districts of Church, Clayton-le-Moors, Great Harwood, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton, and part of the Burnley Rural District.
In June 2007, the council proposed changing the name of Hyndburn, and replace it with Accrington & Districts, to aid recognition of the borough by those not familiar with the area.
In 2010, Hyndburn was voted the 10th best council in the Times "Best Public Sector Places to Work" and made it to the Times Best Companies Guide.
There are approximately nine state secondary schools in Hyndburn. These include Norden High School, St Christopher's Church of England High School, Accrington Academy, Rhyddings High School, Mount Carmel RC High School, The Hollins Technology College along with Broadfield Specialist School,White Ash School and North Cliffe School.
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Irlam
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°24′48″W / 53.4467°N 2.4133°W / 53.4467; -2.4133
Irlam is a suburban town and unparished area within the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. At the 2001 census it had a population of 18,504. The town lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, and is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Salford, 7.6 miles (12.2 km) west-southwest of Manchester and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) east-northeast of Warrington. Irlam forms a continuous urban area with Cadishead to the southwest, and is divided from Flixton and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford to the southeast by the Manchester Ship Canal.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Irlam was anciently known as Irwellham, and was an outlying area of Chat Moss, a large peat bog which straddled the River Irwell. Work was carried out during the 19th century to reclaim large areas of Chat Moss to enable the completion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1829. In 1894 the Irwell was adjusted so that its waters were united with the Manchester Ship Canal, stimulating the growth of Irlam as an inland port. Irlam Urban District was established in the same year and was governed thereafter by its own district council until its abolition in 1974.
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Kearsley
Coordinates: 53°32′N 2°22′W / 53.53°N 2.37°W / 53.53; -2.37
Kearsley (or archaically Kersley) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically within Lancashire, it lies about 8 miles (12 km) northwest of Manchester,4.9 miles (8.9 km) south-west of Bury, and about 3¾ miles (6 km) south of Bolton.
It is bounded on the west by Walkden, the east by Whitefield, the north by Farnworth and the south by Clifton.
Kearsley was once a township in the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Deane, in the Hundred of Salford of Lancashire. Kearsley was an urban district of Lancashire from 1894 until 1974. In 1933, part of Clifton was added to Kearsley Urban District. Part of Outwood, Radcliffe became part of Kearsley in line with the 1933 Lancashire Review.
Kearsley lay within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire and was mentioned as an industrial area in 1752, when James Brindley worked on water drainage problems at the Wet Earth Colliery on the borders of Kearsley and Clifton. In 1780, a mill was built at the point where the River Croal meets the River Irwell In 1830 it was described as:
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Kirklees
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 1°48′04″W / 53.593°N 1.801°W / 53.593; -1.801
The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. Huddersfield is the largest settlement of the district, and its centre of administration.
The borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the county boroughs of Dewsbury and Huddersfield along with the municipal boroughs of Batley and Spenborough and the urban districts of Colne Valley, Denby Dale, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Kirkburton, Meltham and Mirfield.
The name "Kirklees" was chosen by the merging councils from more than fifty suggestions, including "Upper Agbrigg", "Brigantia" and "Wooldale". It was named after Kirklees Priory, legendary burial place of Robin Hood. The site of the priory is now Kirklees Park Estate, situated mid way between Huddersfield and Dewsbury and the location of Kirklees Hall.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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M60 motorway
Coordinates: 53°24′32″N 2°10′28″W / 53.40902°N 2.174349°W / 53.40902; -2.174349
The M60 motorway, Manchester Ring Motorway, or Manchester Orbital, is an orbital motorway circling Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. It passes through all Greater Manchester's metropolitan boroughs except for Wigan and Bolton. Most of the City of Manchester is encompassed within the motorway, except for the southern-most part of the city (primarily the Wythenshawe area and Manchester Airport). The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 and E22.
The M60 is 36.1 miles long and was renamed the M60 in 2000, with the M62 and M63 being amalgamated into the new route. During 2008, the M60 was proposed as a cordon for congestion charging in Greater Manchester, although this was rejected in a referendum relating to the Greater Manchester Transport Innovation Fund. The M60 the only orbital motorway in the United Kingdom, as the M25 motorway in London is not, due to the Dartford Crossing being designated the A282.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Milnrow
Coordinates: 53°36′36″N 2°06′40″W / 53.6101°N 2.1111°W / 53.6101; -2.1111
Milnrow (pop. 12,500) is a suburban town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, and forms a continuous urban area with Rochdale. It is 1.9 miles (3.1 km) east of Rochdale's town centre, 10.4 miles (16.7 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester, and spans across urban, suburban and rural locations—from Windy Hill in the east through to the Rochdale Canal in the west. Milnrow includes the villages of Tunshill and Newhey, and is adjacent to junction 21 of the M62 motorway.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Milnrow during the Middle Ages was a hamlet located within the township of Butterworth and parish of Rochdale. It was named by the Anglo-Saxons, but the Norman conquest of England resulted in its ownership by minor Norman families, such as the Schofields and Cleggs. In the 15th century, the descendants of these families successfully agitated for a chapel of ease to be constructed in Milnrow by the banks of the River Beal, triggering its development as the main settlement in Butterworth. Despite this distinction, Milnrow did not increase much further in size or population until the dawn of the woollen trade in the Late Middle Ages.
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Mossley
Coordinates: 53°30′53″N 2°02′19″W / 53.5147°N 2.0387°W / 53.5147; -2.0387
Mossley is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. The town is located in the upper section of the Tame valley in the foothills of the Pennines, 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Ashton-under-Lyne and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) east of Manchester.
Mossley has the distinction of being situated at the conjunction of the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Local warding and ecclesiastic matters are maintained in Mossley according to these boundaries. At the 2001 census Mossley had a population of 9,856. It is the only parished area of Tameside, having had a parish council since 1999. According to the 1991 census the town was part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area however in the 2001 census it was no longer considered part of that urban area.
Believed to originate in around 1319, the name Mossley means "a woodland clearing by a swamp or bog".
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coordinates: 54°58.440′N 1°36.792′W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132
Newcastle upon Tyne (locallyi/njuːˈkæsəl/; often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne. The city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.
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North Tyneside
The Metropolitan Borough of North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England and is part of the Tyneside conurbation. Its seat is Wallsend Town Hall.
North Tyneside is bounded by Newcastle upon Tyne to the west, the North Sea to the east, the River Tyne to the south and Northumberland to the north. Within its bounds are the towns of Wallsend, North Shields and Whitley Bay, which form a continuously built-up area contiguous with Newcastle.
The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the county borough of Tynemouth, with the borough of Wallsend, part of the borough of Whitley Bay, the urban district of Longbenton and part of the urban district of Seaton Valley, all of which were in Northumberland.
The following places are located in North Tyneside:
Unlike most English districts, its council is led by a directly-elected mayor, currently the conservative Linda Arkley. After the 2011 elections the council was Labour led, Labour having 35 councillors, the Conservatives 19 and the Lib Dems 6.
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Oldham
Coordinates: 53°32′40″N 2°07′01″W / 53.5444°N 2.1169°W / 53.5444; -2.1169
Oldham (
/ˈoʊldəm/) is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England". At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world, spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined. Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
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Pendle
Coordinates: 53°52′08″N 2°09′50″W / 53.869°N 2.164°W / 53.869; -2.164
Pendle is a local government district and borough of Lancashire, England. It adjoins the Lancashire boroughs of Burnley and Ribble Valley, the North Yorkshire district of Craven and the West Yorkshire districts of Calderdale and the City of Bradford. It has a total population of about 90,000 people, and is represented in Parliament by Andrew Stephenson, Conservative.
It was created in 1974 as a result of local government reorganisation from the former Municipal Boroughs of Nelson and Colne, the former urban districts of Barnoldswick, Barrowford, Brierfield, Earby and Trawden, and from parts of Burnley Rural District and Skipton Rural District. It was named after the historical district of Pendle Forest, whose ancient lordship has been held by the Barons Clitheroe since 1945. The Barnoldswick, Earby and Skipton parts are historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
The three main employers in the borough are Rolls-Royce plc, Silentnight and the Daisy Group.
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Pendlebury
Coordinates: 53°30′27″N 2°18′55″W / 53.5075°N 2.3154°W / 53.5075; -2.3154
Pendlebury is a suburban town in the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies 4.1 miles (6.6 km) to the northwest of Manchester city centre, 3.4 miles (5.5 km) northwest of Salford, and 5.9 miles (9.5 km) southeast of Bolton.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Pendlebury together with the neighbouring settlements of Swinton and Clifton, formed the municipal borough of Swinton and Pendlebury. Existing as a centre for coal mining for many years, Pendlebury saw extensive coal extraction from several pits up until the closure of Agecroft Colliery in the 1990s.
The name Pendlebury is formed from two Celtic words, "pen" meaning "hill" and "burh" meaning "settlement".
In 1199 King John confirmed a gift of "one carucate of land called Peneberi" to Ellis son of Robert. The king had granted this land when he was Earl of Mortain (1189–99) and confirmed the grant when he became king in a deed signed at Le Mans in France and witnessed by Geoffrey, Archbishop of York, the Bishops of Sarum and St. Andrews, the Earl of Leicester and the Archdeacon of Wells and other gentry. Ellis is described elsewhere as Master Sergeant of Salford and a benefactor of Cockersand Abbey.
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Prestwich
Coordinates: 53°32′00″N 2°17′00″W / 53.5333°N 2.2833°W / 53.5333; -2.2833
Prestwich is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies close to the River Irwell, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north of Manchester city centre, 3.1 miles (5 km) north of Salford and 4.7 miles (7.6 km) south of Bury.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Prestwich's early history is marked by its status as the seat of the ancient parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salfordshire. The Church of St Mary the Virgin—a Grade I listed building—has lain at the centre of the community for centuries.
The oldest part of Prestwich developed around Bury New Road and is known as "Prestwich Village". There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich and Whitefield, neighbouring Broughton Park in Salford and parts of Cheetham Hill and Crumpsall, which forms the second-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom.
The name Prestwich is possibly of Saxon origin, derived from Priest Wic, which in Old English translates to "the priest's farmed land". Another possible derivation of the town's name is "Priest's retreat". Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm. The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.
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Ramsbottom
Coordinates: 53°38′54″N 2°19′01″W / 53.6484°N 2.3169°W / 53.6484; -2.3169
Ramsbottom is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It is situated on the course of the River Irwell, in the West Pennine Moors.Historically within Lancashire, it is located 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northwest of Bury, and 12 miles (19 km) north-northwest of Manchester. The name Ramsbottom is believed to derive from the Old English words ramm and botm, meaning "valley of the ram". Ramsbottom is described as a "thriving market town in spectacular surroundings". Its Victorian architecture, Pennine landscape, its industrial heritage and the heritage East Lancashire Railway station contribute to cultural tourism in the town.
The name probably means "ram's valley" from Old English ramm (ram) and botm (valley). However some toponymists interpret it as wild-garlic-valley, with the first element representing the Old English hramsa meaning "wild garlic". A record from 1324 giving the name as Ramesbothum is inconclusive. The town was alternatively recorded as Ramysbothom in 1540.
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Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status within the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe. Other places include Whalley, Longridge and Ribchester. The area is so called due to the River Ribble which flows in its final stages towards its estuary near Preston. The area is popular with tourists who enjoy the area's natural unspoilt beauty, much of which lies within the Forest of Bowland.
The Ribble Valley is statistically the wealthiest enclave in Lancashire and businesses in the area reflect this, including a Michelin listed restaurant and a Bentley car dealership. The area is a popular place with those who wish to relocate from London to somewhere more rural and community orientated.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the municipal borough of Clitheroe, Longridge urban district, Clitheroe Rural District, part of Blackburn Rural District, part of Burnley Rural District, and part of Preston Rural District, as well as the Bowland Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire, hence the addition of the Red Rose of Lancaster and White Rose of York on the council's coat of arms.
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River Bollin
The River Bollin is a major tributary of the River Mersey in the north-west of England.
It rises in Macclesfield Forest at the western end of the Peak District, and can be seen in spring form, from the Buxton to Macclesfield road. The stream then descends the 10 miles (16 km) through Macclesfield and Wilmslow where it has a confluence with the River Dean, near to Styal Prison. For the following 10 miles (16 km) it defines the southwestern portion of the border between Greater Manchester and Cheshire before merging with the River Mersey north of Lymm. It flows through the Styal country park and was used in the cotton calico factory there, Quarry Bank Mill, as a source of power. Near to the Quarry Bank Mill site there is a natural weir. The Bollin is culverted underneath the southern runway of Manchester Airport.
The town of Macclesfield used to dispose all its waste and sewage into the Bollin. The profusion of human sewage in the Bollin was still around in 1850.
Coordinates: 53°24′N 2°26′W / 53.4°N 2.433°W / 53.4; -2.433
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River Goyt
The River Goyt is a river in North West England. It is one of the tributaries of the River Mersey. Coordinates: 53°24′51″N 2°09′25″W / 53.41420°N 2.15689°W / 53.41420; -2.15689
The Goyt rises on the moors of Axe Edge, near the River Dane and the Cat and Fiddle Inn. The area is known as the Upper Goyt Valley. The old Cat and Fiddle Road from Buxton to Macclesfield crosses the river just as it turns northwards to flow down its well-known valley. The river then flows under Derbyshire Bridge, which was the old boundary between Derbyshire and Cheshire. Later it reaches an old packhorse bridge that was moved when Errwood reservoir was built in the 1960s. Further downstream there is another reservoir, the Fernilee reservoir. The original line of the Cromford and High Peak Railway can be seen near this point.
The Goyt then passes through Taxal and Horwich End where it is joined by the Todd Brook. Thereafter it passes through Whaley Bridge, New Mills (where it is joined by the River Sett) and Marple Bridge. Having been joined by the River Etherow, the Goyt joins the River Tame at Stockport, forming the River Mersey.
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River Mersey
The River Mersey ( /ˈmɜrzi/) is a river in North West England. It is around 70 miles (113 km) long, stretching from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ending at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Mersey is formed from three tributaries: the River Etherow, the River Goyt, and the River Tame. The modern accepted start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the Tame and Goyt, in central Stockport, Greater Manchester. However, older definitions, and many older maps, place its start a few miles up the Goyt at Compstall; for example the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states "It is formed by the junction of the Goyt and the Etherow a short distance below Marple in Cheshire on the first-named stream." The 1784 John Stockdale map shows the River Mersey extending to Mottram, and forming the boundary between Cheshire and Derbyshire.
From Stockport it flows through Didsbury, Northenden, Stretford, Urmston and Flixton, then at Irlam it flows into the Manchester Ship Canal, which is the canalised River Irwell to this point. The course of the Mersey has been obliterated by the Canal past Hollins Green to Rixton although the old river bed can be seen outside Irlam and also at Warburton. At Rixton the River Bollin enters the Canal from the south and the Mersey leaves the Canal to the north, meandering through Woolston, where the Ship Canal Company's dredgings have formed a nature reserve (Woolston Eyes), and Warrington. It is tidal from Howley Weir in Warrington, although high spring tides often top the weir. A small bypass around Howley Weir, Howley Lock, was created before the ship canal existed, but is now redundant. The lock is still visible.
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Rochdale
Coordinates: 53°36′49″N 2°09′40″W / 53.6136°N 2.1610°W / 53.6136; -2.1610
Rochdale /ˈrɒtʃdeɪl/ is a large market town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amongst the foothills of the Pennines on the River Roch, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north-northwest of Oldham, and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester. Rochdale is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, population 206,500. Rochdale is the largest settlement and administrative centre, with a total population of 95,796.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 under Recedham Manor. The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the hundred of Salford and one of the largest ecclesiastical parishes in England comprising several townships. By 1251, Rochdale had become important enough to have been granted a Royal charter. Subsequently, Rochdale flourished into a centre of northern England's woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for many wealthy merchants".
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Rossendale
Rossendale is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is made up of a number of small former mill towns centred around the valley of the River Irwell in the industrial North West. The district combines urban with rural aspects, and is close to the more populated areas of Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Manchester and Rochdale.
In the 2001 census the population of Rossendale was 65,652, spread between the larger towns of Bacup, Haslingden and Rawtenstall; the villages of Crawshawbooth, Edenfield, Helmshore, Waterfoot, Whitworth; and as well as Britannia, Chatterton, Cloughfold, Cowpe, Irwell Vale, Newchurch, Shawforth, Stacksteads, Stubbins, Turn, Water, Weir.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden, Rawtenstall, part of Ramsbottom Urban District and Whitworth Urban District.
Rossendale is twinned with the German town of Bocholt, located close to the Netherlands border.
The name "Rossendale" may also refer geographically to Rossendale Valley, and historically refers to the medieval Forest or "Chase" of Rossendale, which encompassed approximately the same area as the modern district.
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Royd House
Royd House is a Grade I listed building in Hale, Greater Manchester. It was designed by architect Edgar Wood as his own home and was built between 1914 and 1916. The building is regarded as one of the most advanced examples of early twentieth century domestic architecture. It is one of six Grade I listed buildings in Trafford.
Royd House is a 2-storey, y-shaped building with a concrete roof. It has a concave façade and is faced in Portland red stone and Lancashire brick.
Coordinates: 53°22′35″N 2°19′37″W / 53.37639°N 2.32694°W / 53.37639; -2.32694
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Royton
Coordinates: 53°33′58″N 2°07′16″W / 53.566°N 2.121°W / 53.566; -2.121
Royton (pop. 21,000) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies by the source of the River Irk, on undulating land at the foothills of the Pennines, 1.7 miles (2.7 km) north-northwest of Oldham, 3.2 miles (5.1 km) south-southeast of Rochdale and 7.6 miles (12.2 km) northeast of the city of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Royton and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient British, Roman and Viking activity in the area. During the Middle Ages, Royton formed a small township centred on Royton Hall, a manor house owned by a long succession of dignitaries which included the Byrons and Radcliffes. A settlement expanded outwards from the hall which, by as late as 1780, "contained only a few straggling and mean-built cottages". Farming was the main industry of this rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
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Sandwell
Sandwell is a metropolitan borough of the West Midlands with a population of around 289,100, and an area of 33 square miles (85 km2). The borough is named after Sandwell Priory, and spans a densely populated part of both the Black Country, and the West Midlands conurbation, encompassing the urban towns of Blackheath, Cradley Heath, Oldbury, Rowley Regis, Smethwick, Tipton, Tividale, Wednesbury, and West Bromwich. West Bromwich is the most populous town in Sandwell, but Sandwell Council House (the headquarters of Sandwell's local government) is located at Oldbury.
The Metropolitan Borough of Sandwell was formed in 1974 as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 and is an amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warley and County Borough of West Bromwich. For its first 12 years Sandwell had a two-tier system of local government; Sandwell Council shared power with the West Midlands County Council. Since the Local Government Act 1985 Sandwell Council has effectively been a unitary authority, serving as the sole executive, deliberative and legislative body responsible for local policy, setting council tax, and allocating budget in the district.
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Shaw and Crompton
Coordinates: 53°34′37″N 2°05′31″W / 53.577°N 2.092°W / 53.577; -2.092
Shaw and Crompton is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Oldham, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southeast of Rochdale, and 8.7 miles (14 km) to the northeast of the city of Manchester. It is regularly referred to as Shaw.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Crompton (as it was originally known) and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient British and Anglian activity in the area. During the Middle Ages, Crompton formed a small township of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland, and swamp with a small and close community of families. The local lordship was weak or absent, and so Crompton failed to emerge as a manor with its own lord and court. Farming was the main industry of this broadly independent and self-supporting rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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South Lakeland
Coordinates: 54°18′43″N 2°52′48″W / 54.312°N 2.880°W / 54.312; -2.880
South Lakeland is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Kendal. It includes much of the Lake District.
The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It was formed from the Kendal borough, Windermere urban district, most of Lakes urban district, South Westmorland Rural District, from Westmorland, Grange and Ulverston urban districts and North Lonsdale Rural District from Lancashire, and Sedbergh Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
Elections to the district council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the 51 seats on the council being elected at each election. No political party held a majority on the council from the first election in 1973 to 2006. However since winning a majority at the 2006 election the Liberal Democrats have controlled the council. As of the 2012 election the council is composed of the following councillors:-
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South Ribble
Coordinates: 53°41′49″N 2°41′24″W / 53.697°N 2.690°W / 53.697; -2.690
South Ribble is a non-metropolitan district and borough of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Leyland. In May 2007, the council was officially declared "Excellent" by the Audit Commission, gaining its place among the best 5 district councils in the country,
On 4 October 2007, a team from South Ribble won the LGC Challenge, defeating over 40 other authorities, including larger metropolitan and unitary councils.
South Ribble Borough Council is working in partnership with Chorley Borough Council (a neighbouring authority) on Finance, Procurement, Audit and other centralised functions.
Other notable population areas within South Ribble are Penwortham, Longton, Hutton (headquarters of the Lancashire Police), Walton-le-Dale, Bamber Bridge, Lostock Hall, a significant part of Buckshaw Village and Moss Side.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from Leyland and Walton-le-Dale urban districts, along with part of Preston Rural District.
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South Tyneside
South Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England.
It is bordered by four other boroughs - Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead to the west, Sunderland in the south, and North Tyneside to the north. The border county of Northumberland lies further north. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the County Borough of South Shields along with the municipal borough of Jarrow and the urban districts of Boldon and Hebburn from County Durham.
South Tyneside forms part of the Tyneside conurbation, the sixth largest in the United Kingdom, with a geographical area of 64.43 km2 (24.88 sq mi) and an estimated population of 153,700 (Mid-year 2010). It is bordered to the east by the North Sea and to the north by the River Tyne. A Green Belt of 23.64 km2 (9.13 sq mi) is at its southern boundary.
The main administrative centre and largest town is South Shields. Other riverside towns are Jarrow and Hebburn, while the villages of Cleadon, Whitburn and The Boldons border the South Tyneside green belt which borders Wearside to the south at Sunderland.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Stalybridge
Coordinates: 53°29′00″N 2°02′24″W / 53.4834°N 2.0400°W / 53.4834; -2.0400
Stalybridge ( /steɪlɪˈbrɪdʒ/) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 22,568.Historically a part of Cheshire, it is 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Manchester city centre and 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Glossop. With the construction of a cotton mill in 1776, Stalybridge became one of the first centres of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The wealth created in the 19th century from the factory-based cotton industry transformed an area of scattered farms and homesteads into a self-confident town. Due to the decline of the cotton industry in the first quarter of the 20th century and the development of modern low density housing in the post-war period, the town is now semi-rural in character.
The earliest evidence of human activity in Stalybridge is a flint scraper from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. Also bearing testament to the presence of man in prehistory are the Stalybridge cairns. The two monuments are situated on the summit of Hollingworthall Moor, 140 metres (460 ft) apart. One of the round cairns is the best preserved Bronze Age monument in Tameside, and is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. A branch of the Roman road between the forts at Manchester (Mamucium) and Melandra Castle (Ardotalia) is thought to run through Stalybridge to the fort of Castleshaw.
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Stockport
Coordinates: 53°24′30″N 2°08′58″W / 53.4083°N 2.1494°W / 53.4083; -2.1494
Stockport ( /ˈstɒkpɔːt/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground 6 miles (10 km) southeast of Manchester city centre, at the point where the rivers Goyt and Tame join and create the River Mersey. Stockport is the largest settlement in the metropolitan borough of the same name. As of the 2001 Census the town had a population of 136,082 and the wider borough 281,000.
Historically, the town is mostly within Cheshire, but is historically also a part of Lancashire, to the north of the Mersey. Stockport in the 16th century was a small town entirely on the southbank of the Mersey, and known for the cultivation of hemp and rope manufacture. In the 18th century the town had one of the first mechanised silk factories in the British Isles. However, Stockport's predominant industries of the 19th century were the cotton and allied industries. Stockport was also at the centre of the country's hatting industry which by 1884 was exporting more than six million hats a year; the last hat works in Stockport closed in 1997. The town's hatting heritage is preserved at 'Hat Works – the Museum of Hatting'.
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Stretford
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°18′31″W / 53.4466°N 2.3086°W / 53.4466; -2.3086
Stretford (pop. 37,500) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Lying on flat ground between the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salford and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast of Altrincham. Stretford is contiguous with the suburb of Chorlton-cum-Hardy to the east, and the towns of Urmston to the west, Salford to the north, and Sale to the south. The Bridgewater Canal bisects the town.
Historically a part of Lancashire, during much of the 19th century Stretford was an agricultural village known locally as Porkhampton, a reference to the large number of pigs produced for the nearby Manchester market. It was also an extensive market gardening area, producing more than 500 long tons (508 t) of vegetables each week for sale in Manchester by 1845. The arrival of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park Industrial Estate in the north of the town, accelerated the industrialisation that had begun in the late 19th century. By 2001, less than 1% of Stretford's population was employed in agriculture.
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Tameside
The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. It is named after the River Tame which flows through the borough and spans the towns of Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Dukinfield, Hyde, Mossley and Stalybridge. Its western border is approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Manchester city centre. It borders Derbyshire to the east, the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham to the north, the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport to the south, and the City of Manchester to the west. Tameside has a population of 214,400.
The history of the area extends back to the Stone Age. There are over 300 listed buildings in Tameside and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments, which includes a castle of national importance. The settlements in Tameside were small townships centred around agriculture until the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The towns of the borough grew and became involved in the cotton industry, which dominated the local economy. The current borough was created in 1974 as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972. Since then the area has been administered by Tameside Borough Council, which has been judged by the Audit Commission to be "performing strongly".
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Timperley
Coordinates: 53°23′15″N 2°19′41″W / 53.3876°N 2.328°W / 53.3876; -2.328
Timperley is a former village within the Altrincham area, of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. Situated within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, Timperley is approximately seven miles (11 km) southwest of Manchester.
The name Timperley derives from Timber Leah, the Anglo-Saxon (Old English) for a "clearing in a wood". This can be used to roughly date the settlement of Timperley to between the 7th and 8th centuries. The first documented mention of the township of Timperley was in 1211[citation needed]. Timperley was a predominantly agricultural settlement before the Industrial Revolution, focusing mainly on arable crops.
The Bridgewater Canal branch from Stretford to Runcorn was built through Timperley and opened in 1776. This improvement in transport encouraged the development of market gardening in the area to serve the growing city of Manchester. The city also provided a source of night soil which was unloaded from the canal by Deansgate Lane to provide manure for farms and market gardens.
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Timperley Hall
Timperley Hall was a moated manor house in Timperley, Greater Manchester, England, first recorded in 1560, but almost certainly built to replace an earlier medieval structure. Very little remains of the 16th-century Hall, which is not shown on the Tithe map of 1838. The date of the Hall's demolition is unknown, but the size of the moat suggests that it was a "substantial" house. The present-day Timperley Hall was probably constructed during the late 18th century, close to the site of the older Hall.
Sir John (Mascy) de Tymperlegh is recorded as lord of the manor of Timperley in 1270; the manor subsequently passed through several generations of the de Mascy family. The first record of a hall in the manor appears in the 1560 will of William Aderne, Mayor of Altrincham. Although that must have replaced an earlier medieval Hall, archeological excavations have discovered very little evidence of the older structure's existence, other than a great deal of medieval pottery. The Reverend Croxton Johnson inherited the Timperley Hall estate from his father, George Johnson, in 1795. He offered the 46-hectare (110-acre) estate to the Earl of Stamford for £25,000 in 1809, equivalent to about £1.43 million as of 2008, but the sale did not go ahead. The property was advertised for sale the following year, and was bought by local businessman James Wood in 1811. Timperley Hall was then described as a "handsome mansion of brick", suggesting that it may have been built at some time during the latter half of the 18th century, perhaps by George Johnson. Evidence from the estate's rate books suggests that the moated Hall had been demolished by 1811, and that its site was being used as a walled garden.
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Trafford
Coordinates: 53°26′N 2°18′W / 53.433°N 2.3°W / 53.433; -2.3
Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. With an estimated population of about 211,800 in 2006, it covers 41 square miles (106 km2) and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as a merger of the municipal boroughs of Altrincham, Sale, and Stretford, the urban districts of Bowdon, Hale, and Urmston and part of Bucklow Rural District. All were previously in Cheshire, apart from Stretford and Urmston which were in Lancashire. The River Mersey flows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford. Historically the Mersey also acted as the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Trafford area has a long heritage, with evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Roman activity. Amongst the relics of the past are two castles – one of them a Scheduled Ancient Monument – and over 200 listed buildings. The area underwent change in the late 19th century and the population rapidly expanded with the arrival of the railway. Trafford is the home of Manchester United F.C. and Lancashire County Cricket Club and since 2002 the Imperial War Museum North.
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Trafford Centre
The Trafford Centre is a large indoor shopping centre and leisure complex in Dumplington, Greater Manchester. Situated in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, the Trafford Centre is situated close to the Trafford Park industrial estate and lies approximately five miles west of Manchester city centre. The centre is the largest shopping centre in the United Kingdom by overall size (including leisure and dining space) and the second largest in the UK by retail size. The Trafford Centre was sold by The Peel Group to CSC in 2011 for £1.65 billion, the largest property acquisition in British history.
The site was owned by the Manchester Ship Canal Company until 1986, when the company was acquired by John Whittaker of Peel Holdings, who had planned to build an out-of-town shopping centre. The planning process was one of the longest and most expansive in the history of the United Kingdom; concerns surrounded the effect the shopping centre might have on retailers in the smaller towns and villages in the Greater Manchester conurbation and potential traffic problems caused by the centre's proximity to the M60 motorway. Ultimately the matter was decided by the House of Lords in 1996, which voted in favour of the development.
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Trafford Park
Coordinates: 53°27′54″N 2°19′23″W / 53.465001°N 2.323136°W / 53.465001; -2.323136
Trafford Park is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Located opposite Salford Quays, on the southern side of the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.4 miles (5.5 km) west-southwest of Manchester city centre, and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) north of Stretford. Until the late 19th century it was the ancestral home of the Trafford family, who sold it to financier Ernest Terah Hooley in 1896. Occupying an area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), it was the first planned industrial estate in the world, and remains the largest in Europe.
Trafford Park is almost entirely surrounded by water; the Bridgewater Canal forms its southeastern and southwestern boundaries, and the Manchester Ship Canal, which opened in 1894, its northeastern and northwestern boundaries. Hooley's plan was to develop the Ship Canal frontage, but the canal was slow to generate the predicted volume of traffic, so in the early days the park was largely used for leisure activities such as golf, polo and boating. British Westinghouse was the first major company to move in, and by 1903 it was employing about half of the 12,000 workers then employed in the park, which became one of the most important engineering facilities in Britain.
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Trafford Town Hall
Trafford Town Hall stands on a large site at the junction of Talbot Road and Warwick Road in Stretford, England, directly opposite the Old Trafford Cricket Ground. It was designed by architects Bradshaw Gass & Hope of Bolton on behalf of Stretford Municipal Borough, and built by the main contractor Edwin Marshall & Sons. Work began on 21 August 1931, funded by a government grant of £88,000; the building was officially opened as Stretford Town Hall on the granting of Stretford's charter on 16 September 1933.
The steel-framed building has two stories plus basement and attic floors, with a mansard roof. Set in landscaped grounds with a sunken garden, it is constructed of brick in Flemish bond with gritstone dressings. It originally consisted of a main front with a wing on each side, until a rear extension was added between the wings in 1983, enclosing an inner courtyard.
In 1974, on the formation of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, the new council adopted the town hall as its base, renaming it Trafford Town Hall. It was renovated in the early 1980s, in a schedule of work that included the addition of a 10,000-square-metre (110,000 sq ft) underground nuclear fall-out shelter; the shelter was subsequently used for storage until its closure in 2011. Trafford Town Hall was designated a Grade II listed building in 2007.
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Tyldesley
Coordinates: 53°31′00″N 2°28′00″W / 53.5166°N 2.4668°W / 53.5166; -2.4668
Tyldesley ( /ˈtɪlzliː/ or /ˈtɪlsliː/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It occupies an area north of Chat Moss near the foothills of the West Pennine Moors, 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east-southeast of Wigan and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) west-northwest of the city of Manchester. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Tyldesley, which includes the outlying areas of Astley, Shakerley, Mosley Common and New Manchester, had a population of 34,000.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Tyldesley and its surroundings have provided evidence for the remains of a Roman road passing through the area on the ancient course between Coccium (Wigan) and Mamucium (Manchester). Following the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, Tyldesley was part of the manor of Warrington, until the Norman conquest of England, when Tyldesley constituted a township by the name of Tyldesley-with-Shakerley in the ancient parish of Leigh.
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Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear /ˌtaɪn ənd ˈwɪər/ is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.
Prior to reforms in 1974, the territory comprising the county of Tyne and Wear straddled the border between the counties of Northumberland and County Durham. North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.
Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.
Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Urmston
Coordinates: 53°26′55″N 2°22′29″W / 53.4487°N 2.3747°W / 53.4487; -2.3747
Urmston /ˈɜrmstən/ (
listen) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of around 41,000.Historically a part of Lancashire, it lies about six miles (10 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre. The southern boundary is marked by the River Mersey and the Mersey Valley, with Stretford lying to the east and Flixton to the west. Davyhulme lies to the north of the town centre. Urmston covers an area of 4,799 acres (19 km²).
The town has early medieval origins, and until the arrival of the railway in 1873 was a small farming community. The railway acted as a catalyst, transforming the town into a residence for the middle classes. Today, Urmston is one of the major urban areas within Trafford: it includes the areas of Davyhulme and Flixton.
In 1983, during an excavation by South Trafford Archaeological Group, fragments of Roman pottery were found in the area now occupied by Urmston cemetery – previously the site of Urmston Old Hall – suggesting that there may have been a Roman settlement on the site. In the early 13th century, Lord Greenhalgh and his family lived Highfield House (under what is now the M60 motorway).
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Walkden
Coordinates: 53°31′26″N 2°23′57″W / 53.5239°N 2.3991°W / 53.5239; -2.3991
Walkden is a town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) west-northwest of Salford, and 7 miles (11.3 km) west-northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of the township of Worsley in Lancashire, Walkden was a centre for coal mining and textile manufacture.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Walkden had a total resident population of 38,685.
The name Walkden or Walkeden derives from the Old English denu, a valley, belonging to a man possibly called Wealca (literally meaning 'the fuller', an Old English personal name. It has been in existence since at least the 13th century. The name was recorded in documents dating to 1246.
A Roman road crossed the area roughly on the line of the present A6 road through Walkden and Little Hulton. In 1313 in a dispute involving land, a jury decided that Walkden was too small to be considered a hamlet or a town but was "only a place in Farnworth". In the 15th century Walkden appears to have covered a wider area than at present, spreading into Farnworth and Little Hulton. In 1765 'Walkden Moor' was the subject of a parliamentary Enclosure Act. The Duke of Bridgewater was the biggest landowner in 1786, owning over half the land.
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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.
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Watch Hill Castle
Watch Hill Castle (also known as Yarwood Castle, Castle Hill, and Bowdon Watch) is an early medieval motte-and-bailey on the border of Bowdon and Dunham Massey, England. It is the only Scheduled Ancient Monument in Trafford, and so is arguably the most important archaeological site in the borough. The castle is located north of the River Bollin and south of a deep ravine (grid reference SJ74798598).
Substantial dating evidence has not been recovered from the site, but the form of the castle as a timber motte-and-bailey would date it to between the Norman Conquest and the 13th century. The lack of documentary evidence relating to the castle may be attributed to the short term nature of the timber construction; motte-and-baileys were quick to establish and would not necessarily have been used for long periods. A coin found on the site dating to the reign of Henry II, 1154 to 1189, may indicate that the castle was built during this period. The castle most likely belonged to Hamo de Mascy who was involved with the barons' rebellion against Henry II in 1173. The castle had fallen out of use by the 13th century.
wn.com/Watch_Hill_Castle -
West Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°33′43″N 2°49′37″W / 53.562°N 2.827°W / 53.562; -2.827
West Lancashire is a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Ormskirk. The other town in the borough is Skelmersdale.
The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Ormskirk and Skelmersdale and Holland urban districts along with part of West Lancashire Rural District and part of Wigan Rural District.
Political Composition as of 4th May 2012 the Conservative Leader Councillor Ian Grant and Labour Leader Councillior John Fillis have-
The main towns of Ormskirk (including the village of Westhead) and Skelmersdale are unparished areas.
There is a single Parish meeting for Bispham Green.
West Lancashire is twinned with:
wn.com/West_Lancashire -
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
wn.com/West_Yorkshire -
Westhoughton
Coordinates: 53°32′53″N 2°31′44″W / 53.548°N 2.529°W / 53.548; -2.529
Westhoughton ( /wɛstˈhɔːtən/) is a town and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Bolton, 5 miles (8 km) east of Wigan and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Westhoughton was once a centre for mining, cotton-spinning and textile manufacture. However, today it is predominantly a residential town with a total population of 23,056.
As well as the central town area, Westhoughton incorporates several adjacent "villages" and hamlets which have their own distinctive character, sports traditions and amenities including railway stations. These include Wingates (famous for its Wingates Brass Band), White Horse, Over Hulton, Four Gates (or locally Fourgates), Chequerbent (which was all but destroyed by the building of the motorway), Hunger Hill, Snydale, Hart Common, Marsh Brook, Daisy Hill and Dobb Brow.
The name Westhoughton is derived from the Old English, "halh" (dialectal "haugh") for a nook or corner of land, and "tun" for a farmstead or settlement – meaning a "westerly settlement in a corner of land". Its name has been spelt various ways, often the "West-" affix was omitted. In 1210 it was spelt as Halcton, 1240 as Westhalcton, 1292 as Westhalghton, 1302 as Westhalton, and in the 16th century as Westhaughton and Westhoughton.
wn.com/Westhoughton -
Wigan
Coordinates: 53°32′41″N 2°37′54″W / 53.5448°N 2.6318°W / 53.5448; -2.6318
Wigan ( /ˈwɪɡən/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, 7.9 miles (13 km) south-west of Bolton, 10 miles (16 km) north of Warrington and 16 miles (25.7 km) west-northwest of Manchester. Wigan is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its administrative centre. The town of Wigan had a total population of 81,203 in 2001, whilst the wider borough has a population of 305,600. The town is the headquarters of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, the top tier administrative body for Greater Manchester.
Historically in the county of Lancashire, Wigan during classical antiquity was in the territory of the Brigantes, an ancient Celtic tribe that ruled much of northern England. The Brigantes were subjugated in the Roman conquest of Britain during the 1st century, and it is asserted that the Roman settlement of Coccium was established where Wigan lies. Wigan is believed to have been incorporated as a borough in 1246 following the issue of a charter by King Henry III of England. At the end of the Middle Ages it was one of four boroughs in Lancashire possessing Royal charters; the others were Lancaster, Liverpool, and Preston.
wn.com/Wigan -
Wolverhampton
Wolverhamptoni/ˌwʊlvərˈhæmptən/ is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. For Eurostat purposes Walsall and Wolverhampton is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG35) and is one of five boroughs or unitary districts that comprise the "West Midlands" NUTS 2 region. In 2004, the local government district had an estimated population of 239,100. Wolverhampton is part of the West Midlands Urban Area which had a population of 2.3 million in the 2001 census which makes it part of the second largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
Historically a part of Staffordshire, and forming part of the metropolitan county of the West Midlands from 1974, the city is commonly recognised as being named after King Wulfhere, who established an abbey in 659. The original name being from Wulfereēantūn = "Wulfhere's high or principal enclosure or farm" after the Mercian King. The name Wulfrun is used to denote a later nun who established a church in the city – for example, for the Wulfrun Centre or for Wulfrun Hall.
wn.com/Wolverhampton -
Worsley
Coordinates: 53°30′33″N 2°23′04″W / 53.5093°N 2.3845°W / 53.5093; -2.3845
Worsley is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies along the course of Worsley Brook, 5.75 miles (9.25 km) west of Manchester. The M60 motorway bisects the area.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Worsley has provided evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity, including two Roman roads. The completion in 1761 of the Bridgewater Canal allowed Worsley to expand from a small village of cottage industries to an important town based upon cotton manufacture, iron-working, brick-making and extensive coal mining. Later expansion came after the First and Second World Wars, when large urban estates were built in the region.
Today, Worsley is under consideration to be made a World Heritage Site, including Worsley Delph, a scheduled monument. A significant part of the town's historic centre is now a conservation area.
Worsley is first mentioned in a Pipe roll of 1195–96 as Werkesleia, in the claim of a Hugh Putrell to a part of the fee of two knights in nearby Barton-upon-Irwell and Worsley. There are many variations on the name; Werkesleia, 1195; Wyrkedele, 1212; Whurkedeleye, c. 1220; Worketley, 1254; Worcotesley, Workedesle, 1276; Wrkesley, Wrkedeley, Workedeley, 1292; Wyrkeslegh, Workesley, 1301; Worsley, 1444; and "Workdisley alias Workesley alias Worseley", 1581. The spelling of the name in early documents, suggests a Saxon origin. Ge-Weore, the Old English form of the name, means "the cleared place which was cultivated or settled." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles contain no references to Worsley.
wn.com/Worsley -
Wyre
Coordinates: 53°54′00″N 2°48′32″W / 53.900°N 2.809°W / 53.900; -2.809
Wyre is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Poulton-le-Fylde.
The district is named after the River Wyre, which runs through the district. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the municipal borough of Fleetwood, along with Poulton-le-Fylde, Preesall and Thornton-Cleveleys urban districts and Garstang Rural District.
Elections to Wyre Borough Council take place every four years on the first Thursday in May. All 55 councillors are elected from 26 wards. Since the formation of the council in 1973 it has been under the control of the Conservative Party with the exception of one term from 1995 to 1999 when the Labour Party held control of the council.
Following the most recent election held on 5 May 2011 the composition of the council is as follows:
Wyre is split into three Parliamentary Constituencies - Wyre and Preston North, Lancaster and Fleetwood and Blackpool North and Cleveleys. This was recently changed as part of the Boundary changes for the United Kingdom general election, 2010. Before this change it had been split into three Lancaster and Wyre, Blackpool North and Fleetwood and Fylde.
wn.com/Wyre -
York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
wn.com/York
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Graham Brady
Graham Stuart Brady (born 20 May 1967) is a British Conservative Party politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Altrincham and Sale West. He served as a shadow minister for Europe under four Conservative leaders before resigning in 2007 in protest at David Cameron's opposition to grammar schools. He succeeded Sir Michael Spicer as chairman of the 1922 Committee on 26 May 2010. On the 1 December 2010 Mr Brady was voted "Backbencher of the Year" by The Spectator at their annual parliamentary awards.
Graham Brady was born in Salford, and was educated at the Altrincham Grammar School for Boys and St Aidan's College, University of Durham, and he graduated with a BA in Law in 1989. While at Durham he was Chairman of the university's Conservative Association in 1987. He was appointed a consultant in public relations with Shandwick plc in 1989. He joined the Centre for Policy Studies in 1990. He was elected Vice Chairman of the Berkshire East Conservative Association in 1992. He was appointed Director of public affairs at the Watership Partnership in 1992, where he remained until elected to Westminster in 1997. He is now Chairman of the 1922 Committee.
wn.com/Graham_Brady -
Kate Green
Katherine Anne 'Kate' GreenOBE (born 2 May 1960) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Stretford and Urmston since 2010.
Green was born in Edinburgh to Maurice and Jessie Craig Green. She attended Currie High School then graduated from Edinburgh University with a Bachelor of Laws degree.
After University Green began a career at Barclays Bank, working for the organisation from 1982 to 1997. From 1997 to 1999 she worked as a Whitehall and Industry Group secondee to the Home Office. Green was employed as Director of the National Council for One Parent Families between 2000 and 2004, then working as Chief Executive of the Child Poverty Action Group until 2009. Alongside this, Green also served as a member of the London Child Poverty Commission, eventually serving as the commissioner chairing the body. Green also served as a magistrate in the City of London between 1993 and 2009.
Green joined the Labour Party in 1990 and was previously the Labour Party candidate in the 1997 General Election for the Greater London constituency of Cities of London and Westminster. Failing to be elected in 1997, she then contested the 2000 London Assembly election in the West Central constituency though again was not elected. In 2009 Green was selected as the Prospective Parliamentary Candidate for Stretford and Urmston through an all-women shortlist following Beverley Hughes's announcement that she would not be seeking re-election. She was elected as Member of Parliament on 6 May 2010 securing 48.6% of the vote, increasing the majority Beverley Hughes obtained in the 2005 general election.
wn.com/Kate_Green -
Paul Goggins
Paul Gerard Goggins (born 16 June 1953) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Wythenshawe and Sale East since 1997, and was a Minister of State at the Northern Ireland Office.
Paul Goggins was born in Manchester and was educated locally at St Bede's College, before going on to study at the Roman Catholic seminary Ushaw College in Durham (1971–1973). He went on to study at the Birmingham Polytechnic (now Birmingham City University) where he received a Certificate in Residential Care of Children and Young People in 1976. Later, he received a Certificate of Qualification in Social Work from the Manchester Polytechnic in 1982.
He worked as a child care worker with the 'Liverpool Catholic Social Services' for a year in 1974, before becoming an officer in charge at the Wigan Children's Home in 1976. He was appointed as project director for the NCH Action for Children in Salford in 1984. He became the national director for Church Action on Poverty, a national church-based campaigning organisation, in 1989 where he remained until his election to Westminster.
wn.com/Paul_Goggins
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Giant dancing flashmob at The Trafford Centre
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
MORE than 400 students took part in the biggest flashmob ever at The Trafford Centre this week in a bid to boost the image of youth in the northwest. The performing arts students from the Pendleton Sixth Form Centre of Salford City College, performed a unique, choreographed routine put together by tutor Hannah Paice. Lasting for four minutes, the performance was set to a sound-track of music clips from the last 30 years - including Michael Jackson and Bon Jovi.
http://wn.com/Giant_dancing_flashmob_at_The_Trafford_Centre
MORE than 400 students took part in the biggest flashmob ever at The Trafford Centre this week in a bid to boost the image of youth in the northwest. The performing arts students from the Pendleton Sixth Form Centre of Salford City College, performed a unique, choreographed routine put together by tutor Hannah Paice. Lasting for four minutes, the performance was set to a sound-track of music clips from the last 30 years - including Michael Jackson and Bon Jovi.
Trafford Centre Manchester
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Trafford Centre Manchester
http://wn.com/Trafford_Centre_Manchester
Ian Botham 118 v Australia (Old Trafford 1981)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Botham in his pomp - 118 off 102 balls - 6 sixes
http://wn.com/Ian_Botham_118_v_Australia_Old_Trafford_1981
Botham in his pomp - 118 off 102 balls - 6 sixes
- published: 16 Feb 2007
- views: 61555
- author: madbob73
Manchester United Old Trafford Stadium Museum & Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
For Manchester United Fans
http://wn.com/Manchester_United_Old_Trafford_Stadium_Museum_Tour
Cristiano Ronaldo - From Dirty Streets To Old Trafford HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Cristiano Ronaldo 2008/2009 [GREATEST EVER YOU SEEN] *NeW* Cristiano Ronaldo 2008/2009 [GREATEST EVER YOU SEEN] C BOY Cristiano Ronaldo - The Golden Boy 2008/09 *Freestyle Battle & Skills* ----------------------- Top 10 Best World Footballers 2009 This is a new updated video of who I think are the current top 10 football (soccer) players in the world. I have based this on form and actual talent to select the top 10. There are so many talented footballers at the moment, who do you think will take top spot? Here are the players that I chose from: Sergio Kun Agüero (Atlético Madrid)Samir Nasri (Arsenal)Fernando Torres (Liverpool)Zlatan Ibrahimovic(Inter Milan)Kaká (AC Milan)Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) Cesc Fabregas (Arsenal)Ronaldinho(AC Milan)Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United)Lionel Messi(Barcelona)Gianluigi Buffon(Juventus),Iker Casillas(Real Madrid),Petr Cech(Chelsea),Edwin van der Sar(Manchester United),Fabio Cannavaro (Real Madrid), Rio Ferdinand (Manchester United), Paolo Maldini (AC Milan), Alessandro Nesta (AC Milan), Carles Puyol (Barcelona), John Terry (Chelsea) (Barcelona), Thierry Henry (Barcelona), Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Inter Milan), Wayne Rooney (Machester United), Carlos Tevez (Manchester United), Fernando Torres (Liverpool), Ruud van Nistelrooy (Real Madrid), David Villa (Valencia). The players featured in this video play for countries: Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Togo ...
http://wn.com/Cristiano_Ronaldo_From_Dirty_Streets_To_Old_Trafford_HD
Cristiano Ronaldo 2008/2009 [GREATEST EVER YOU SEEN] *NeW* Cristiano Ronaldo 2008/2009 [GREATEST EVER YOU SEEN] C BOY Cristiano Ronaldo - The Golden Boy 2008/09 *Freestyle Battle & Skills* ----------------------- Top 10 Best World Footballers 2009 This is a new updated video of who I think are the current top 10 football (soccer) players in the world. I have based this on form and actual talent to select the top 10. There are so many talented footballers at the moment, who do you think will take top spot? Here are the players that I chose from: Sergio Kun Agüero (Atlético Madrid)Samir Nasri (Arsenal)Fernando Torres (Liverpool)Zlatan Ibrahimovic(Inter Milan)Kaká (AC Milan)Wayne Rooney (Manchester United) Cesc Fabregas (Arsenal)Ronaldinho(AC Milan)Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United)Lionel Messi(Barcelona)Gianluigi Buffon(Juventus),Iker Casillas(Real Madrid),Petr Cech(Chelsea),Edwin van der Sar(Manchester United),Fabio Cannavaro (Real Madrid), Rio Ferdinand (Manchester United), Paolo Maldini (AC Milan), Alessandro Nesta (AC Milan), Carles Puyol (Barcelona), John Terry (Chelsea) (Barcelona), Thierry Henry (Barcelona), Zlatan Ibrahimovic (Inter Milan), Wayne Rooney (Machester United), Carlos Tevez (Manchester United), Fernando Torres (Liverpool), Ruud van Nistelrooy (Real Madrid), David Villa (Valencia). The players featured in this video play for countries: Argentina, Belarus, Brazil, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Togo ...
- published: 21 Feb 2009
- views: 285876
- author: 7Michael7Michael7
Wayne Rooney 2012 - King Of Old Trafford [1080p HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
TWITTER: twitter.com SUBSCRIBE: www.youtube.com ___________________________________________ have a good faith belief that the material was disabled as a result of a mistake or misidentification, and that I am not intentionally abusing this dispute process. ****NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED****I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING**** FOR ENTERTAINMENT USE ONLY**** Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.The audio in my videos have been purchased with iTunes. I can assure third world parties that the audio is just used for entertainment and no illegal action is thou being taken. It is not to be used for copying and selling. No copyright infringement intended.0-7 have a good faith belief that the material was disabled as a result of a mistake or misidentification, and that I am not intentionally abusing this dispute process. ****NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED****I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING**** FOR ENTERTAINMENT USE ONLY**** Extra tags: Cristiano Ronaldo C.Ronaldo CR9 compilation vs 2009/2010 Manchester United CR7 07-08 Season Goals Tricks Skills Freestyle Power Ability Top 10 Best World Footballers 2009 Sergio Kun Agüero (Atlético Madrid) Samir Nasri (Arsenal) Fernando Torres ...
http://wn.com/Wayne_Rooney_2012_King_Of_Old_Trafford_1080p_HD_
TWITTER: twitter.com SUBSCRIBE: www.youtube.com ___________________________________________ have a good faith belief that the material was disabled as a result of a mistake or misidentification, and that I am not intentionally abusing this dispute process. ****NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED****I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING**** FOR ENTERTAINMENT USE ONLY**** Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.The audio in my videos have been purchased with iTunes. I can assure third world parties that the audio is just used for entertainment and no illegal action is thou being taken. It is not to be used for copying and selling. No copyright infringement intended.0-7 have a good faith belief that the material was disabled as a result of a mistake or misidentification, and that I am not intentionally abusing this dispute process. ****NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED****I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING**** FOR ENTERTAINMENT USE ONLY**** Extra tags: Cristiano Ronaldo C.Ronaldo CR9 compilation vs 2009/2010 Manchester United CR7 07-08 Season Goals Tricks Skills Freestyle Power Ability Top 10 Best World Footballers 2009 Sergio Kun Agüero (Atlético Madrid) Samir Nasri (Arsenal) Fernando Torres ...
- published: 16 Sep 2011
- views: 168136
- author: RiccardoBonandinXD
Manchester & Old Trafford Trip 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
A short video from my amazing journey to Manchester, United Kingdom with two friends. We flew away from Jakarta, Indonesia to watch the BPL match between Manchester United vs Liverpool at Old Trafford, 11 February 2012. Beside that, we also enjoyed the beautiful city of Manchester and of course the Old Trafford stadium & museum tour. Let the pictures tell the rest of the story. Thanks to Turkish Airlines for giving us free plane and match tickets. That was an unforgettable journey in my life. I also present this video for my friends in the community of United Indonesia, the Manchester United Indonesia Supporters Club. Follow us at @UtdIndonesia and visit our website at www.unitedindonesia.org. Enjoy the video! Song: United Calypso '98 - Official Song of Manchester United Football Club. All pictures and videos taken by @septiansyah and Caesar Darwin.
http://wn.com/Manchester_Old_Trafford_Trip_2012
A short video from my amazing journey to Manchester, United Kingdom with two friends. We flew away from Jakarta, Indonesia to watch the BPL match between Manchester United vs Liverpool at Old Trafford, 11 February 2012. Beside that, we also enjoyed the beautiful city of Manchester and of course the Old Trafford stadium & museum tour. Let the pictures tell the rest of the story. Thanks to Turkish Airlines for giving us free plane and match tickets. That was an unforgettable journey in my life. I also present this video for my friends in the community of United Indonesia, the Manchester United Indonesia Supporters Club. Follow us at @UtdIndonesia and visit our website at www.unitedindonesia.org. Enjoy the video! Song: United Calypso '98 - Official Song of Manchester United Football Club. All pictures and videos taken by @septiansyah and Caesar Darwin.
- published: 29 Feb 2012
- views: 15510
- author: Muhamad Septiansyah
Minecraft - Stadium Megabuilds - Old Trafford - Episode 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com I'm going to make manchester Uniteds Football stadium 'Old Trafford' in minecraft, it will take a long time but im determined to get it done.
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Stadium_Megabuilds_Old_Trafford_Episode_1
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com I'm going to make manchester Uniteds Football stadium 'Old Trafford' in minecraft, it will take a long time but im determined to get it done.
- published: 14 Mar 2011
- views: 13498
- author: ITStheMARKEY
Ajax Fans at Old Trafford singing 3 little birds.. This is Football!!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
This is Football!
http://wn.com/Ajax_Fans_at_Old_Trafford_singing_3_little_birds_This_is_Football!!!!
Sir Bobby Charlton taking penalties at Old Trafford during 'United Relief' event (May 01, 2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
Visit www.ManUtd24.com for news, updates, rants, pictures, videos and much more about United! This video is from 'United Relief' event at Old Trafford on May 1, 2010. At half time during the United Relief match, Sir Bobby Charlton came on the field to remind everyone who is the real maestro. As they say, class is permanent, Sir Bobby took three excellent penalties in front of the East Stand and easily converted two. More details www.manutd24.com
http://wn.com/Sir_Bobby_Charlton_taking_penalties_at_Old_Trafford_during_'United_Relief'_event_May_01,_2010
Visit www.ManUtd24.com for news, updates, rants, pictures, videos and much more about United! This video is from 'United Relief' event at Old Trafford on May 1, 2010. At half time during the United Relief match, Sir Bobby Charlton came on the field to remind everyone who is the real maestro. As they say, class is permanent, Sir Bobby took three excellent penalties in front of the East Stand and easily converted two. More details www.manutd24.com
- published: 01 May 2010
- views: 145864
- author: manutd24videos
Minecraft - Stadium Megabuilds - Old Trafford - Episode 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com an update from my first vid about this stadium which i am making on minecraft
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Stadium_Megabuilds_Old_Trafford_Episode_2
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com an update from my first vid about this stadium which i am making on minecraft
- published: 17 Mar 2011
- views: 5727
- author: ITStheMARKEY
DAVID BECKHAM RECEPTION AT OLD TRAFFORD.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
DAVID BECKHAM RECEPTION AT OLD TRAFFORD.
http://wn.com/DAVID_BECKHAM_RECEPTION_AT_OLD_TRAFFORD
TAMIM IQBAL vs ENGLAND AT OLD TRAFFORD(HUNDRED)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:05
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
TAMIM IQBAL BACK TO BACK HUNDRED against ENGLAND. AT OLD TRAFFORD AND LORD'S....BRILLIANT HUNDRED....
http://wn.com/TAMIM_IQBAL_vs_ENGLAND_AT_OLD_TRAFFORDHUNDRED
TAMIM IQBAL BACK TO BACK HUNDRED against ENGLAND. AT OLD TRAFFORD AND LORD'S....BRILLIANT HUNDRED....
- published: 09 Jul 2011
- views: 35480
- author: Md Rahmman
Minecraft - Stadium Megabuilds - Old Trafford - Episode 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:11
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com showing the next update from where i am at on my stadium on minecraft. Sorry for the bad sound forgot to turn the mic up when recording, it'll be better next time :D
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Stadium_Megabuilds_Old_Trafford_Episode_3
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com showing the next update from where i am at on my stadium on minecraft. Sorry for the bad sound forgot to turn the mic up when recording, it'll be better next time :D
- published: 20 Mar 2011
- views: 4413
- author: ITStheMARKEY
Brooklyn Beckham 1st Goal at Old Trafford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Brooklyn_Beckham_1st_Goal_at_Old_Trafford
Old Trafford - Theatre Of Dreams
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
I was bored so decided to make a quick slide show of possibly the best looking stadium in the world. It's not the best video on YouTube but hey, it's Old Trafford!
http://wn.com/Old_Trafford_Theatre_Of_Dreams
I was bored so decided to make a quick slide show of possibly the best looking stadium in the world. It's not the best video on YouTube but hey, it's Old Trafford!
- published: 01 Aug 2009
- views: 28636
- author: dave46563
Minecraft - Stadium Megabuilds - Old Trafford - Episode 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com Sorry for the late upload, my internet in the area has been off. I recorded this on thursday but couldn't upload. This is a continuation of my manchester united football stand in minecraft.
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Stadium_Megabuilds_Old_Trafford_Episode_4
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com Sorry for the late upload, my internet in the area has been off. I recorded this on thursday but couldn't upload. This is a continuation of my manchester united football stand in minecraft.
- published: 25 Mar 2011
- views: 3020
- author: ITStheMARKEY
THAT JERMAINE BECKFORD GOAL - LEEDS UNITED FA CUP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:15
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
Jermaine Beckford scores for Leeds United here in the FA Cup 3rd Round at Old Trafford. United won the game 1-0 in front of 9000 of the travelling White Army.
http://wn.com/THAT_JERMAINE_BECKFORD_GOAL_LEEDS_UNITED_FA_CUP
Jermaine Beckford scores for Leeds United here in the FA Cup 3rd Round at Old Trafford. United won the game 1-0 in front of 9000 of the travelling White Army.
- published: 04 Jan 2010
- views: 119188
- author: wafll
Doing it at Old Trafford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:47
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
join my facebook page : www.facebook.com follow me on twitter : twitter.com
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join my facebook page : www.facebook.com follow me on twitter : twitter.com
- published: 27 Oct 2012
- views: 9532
- author: gobs5999HD4
FanZone - Manchester United vs Arsenal 8-2 (28-08-11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:54
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit,...
http://wn.com/FanZone_Manchester_United_vs_Arsenal_8-2_28-08-11
Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit,...
- published: 29 Aug 2011
- views: 254303
- author: Junaid Nizamani
Minecraft - Stadium Megabuilds - Old Trafford - Episode 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com continuation from part 4 of my stadium build of manchester united on minecraft. What should i build next? Subscrive Rate Comment
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Stadium_Megabuilds_Old_Trafford_Episode_5
DOWNLOAD: (updated) Once downloaded open up Old Trafford, then theirs a README on how to go on it) www.mediafire.com continuation from part 4 of my stadium build of manchester united on minecraft. What should i build next? Subscrive Rate Comment
- published: 27 Mar 2011
- views: 2567
- author: ITStheMARKEY
cristiano ronaldo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
cristiano ronaldo
http://wn.com/cristiano_ronaldo
David de Gea Training @ Old Trafford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
Exclusive clips when David de Gea was training on an open training session! @manuniteddaily
http://wn.com/David_de_Gea_Training_@_Old_Trafford
Exclusive clips when David de Gea was training on an open training session! @manuniteddaily
- published: 04 Jan 2012
- views: 55366
- author: bullseyetech
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
25 Jan 2013
Republicans wanted nothing more than to summon Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to Capitol Hill and grill her about the tragic fiasco in Benghazi. Sadly for them, they got their wish. Clinton’s smooth and confident performance at Wednesday’s Senate and House committee hearings was fun to watch. When her would-be inquisitors asked serious questions, she gave serious answers. But when Sen ... Fat chance ... Benghazi ... Perhaps not ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
24 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the world of politics and imagination, theater usually trumps theology while history is most often vanquished by histrionics. President Barack Obama's swearing-in ceremony for a second term reflects this truth, specifically as he uses two historic bibles-one belonging to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and another used only by Abraham Lincoln ... "With malice toward none; with charity for all."....(size: 7.3Kb)
photo: AP / Hossam Ali
26 Jan 2013
An Egyptian court has handed down 21 death sentences in connection with the deadly riot last year at a football stadium in Port Said located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The defendants sentenced on Saturday are mostly members of the "Ultras," die-hard football fans who support Port Said's al-Masry squad ... Al-Masry fans stormed the pitch after their team won, throwing stones, bottles and fireworks at al-Ahly supporters....(size: 17.2Kb)
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
25 Jan 2013
By Charles Armstrong, Special to CNN. Editor’s note. Charles Armstrong is the director of the Center for Korean Research at Columbia University. The views expressed are his own. Anyone who has followed North Korean affairs for the last several years (or the last two decades) could have predicted North Korea’s defiant response to the U.N ... sanctions not by giving up missiles and nukes, but ratcheting up the rhetoric ... More from GPS ... Post by ... ... ....(size: 15.8Kb)
photo: UN / Martine Perret
25 Jan 2013
At least one in five people, including half of schoolchildren, were infected with swine flu during the first year of the pandemic in 2009, according to data from 19 countries. It is thought the virus killed 200,000 people around the world. A World Health Organization-led study looked for evidence of the body's immune system fighting the virus ... Anti-bodies ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
27 Jan 2013
Arts of Survival in the Nazi and Communist Eras” (published by Trafford Publishing) ... Trafford Publishing, an Author Solutions, Inc ... Trafford was also one of the earliest publishers to utilize the Internet for selling books. More than 10,000 authors from over 120 countries have utilized Trafford’s experience for self publishing their books ... Trafford....(size: 2.9Kb)
Goal
27 Jan 2013
The midfielder continues to be a mainstay of Sir Alex Ferguson's team and the Old Trafford club are keen to tie him down to an extension, with his current deal expiring in 2014 ......(size: 1.2Kb)
Goal
27 Jan 2013
The winger has conceded his side’s performance during their fourth round clash at Old Trafford was disappointing, despite coming up against a full strength Red Devils side ......(size: 1.1Kb)
Orange News
27 Jan 2013
Tweet. Children from wealthier areas receive a better standard of childcare, according to a new report ... In the City of London and Trafford 78% were at a good level, compared to just 51% in Middlesbrough at the bottom of the list ... Harriet Waldegrave, the author of the report said ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Independent
27 Jan 2013
Today. Come on, you don't need to be reading this. Up early, telly on... it's Andy Murray time. The Scot is all set for Novak Djokovic and another one of those fist-pumping, high-octane clashes where it becomes almost too tense to watch ... Tomorrow ... The new Southampton manager, Mauricio Pochettino, has an early chance to see how high the bar is set in England at Old Trafford, where Sir Alex Ferguson won't be doing the new boy any favours ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Ha'aretz
27 Jan 2013
Luton Town made a mockery of the 85 places between themselves and Norwich City to become the first minor league club to beat a top-flight side in the FA Cup for 24 years Saturday. ... Drama was in short supply at Old Trafford where Manchester United sauntered past Fulham 4-1 after Ryan Giggs had put the Premier League leaders ahead with a third-minute penalty. ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
Stuff
27 Jan 2013
Luton Town made a mockery of the 85 places between themselves and Norwich City to become the first minor league club to beat a top-flight side in the FA Cup for 24 years on Saturday (local time) ... Drama was in short supply at Old Trafford where Manchester United sauntered past Fulham 4-1 after Ryan Giggs had put the Premier League leaders ahead with a third-minute penalty ... "It's a lot to take in ... NO EXCUSE ... Ad Feedback ... - Reuters. ....(size: 5.3Kb)
Stuff
27 Jan 2013
Luton Town made a mockery of the 85 places between themselves and Norwich City to become the first minor league club to beat a top-flight side in the FA Cup for 24 years on Saturday (local time) ... Drama was in short supply at Old Trafford where Manchester United sauntered past Fulham 4-1 after Ryan Giggs had put the Premier League leaders ahead with a third-minute penalty ... "It's a lot to take in ... NO EXCUSE ... Ad Feedback ... - Reuters. ....(size: 5.3Kb)
The Observer
27 Jan 2013
Manchester United's Javier Hernández celebrates scoring his side's fourth goal against Fulham with Wayne Rooney. Photograph. Martin Rickett/PA. David De Gea retained his starting berth but Wayne Rooney lost his role as the Manchester United penalty taker ... Under the Old Trafford lights, a mild evening had the best of beginnings for the home congregation when Ferguson's band poured forward and registered from their opening move ... Share ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
The Guardian
27 Jan 2013
Most women prisoners have committed non-violent crimes. On being released, many want to start new lives but get little or no support. In 2008, that was all supposed to change ... A prisoner in her cell at Brockhill women's prison in Redditch, Worcestershire ... It is the home of WomenMatta (Manchester and Trafford Taking Action) run by Women in Prison, working closely with agencies such as probation, police, social services and magistrates ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)
The Observer
27 Jan 2013
Paul Lambert has presided over Aston Villa's tame elimination from two cups but is said to retain Randy Lerner’s support – will the owner offer be there to offer it this week? Photograph. Clive Rose/Getty Images ... The knock on Paul Lambert's door would have come the morning after the night before ... In the circumstances, it is hardly a surprise that De Gea's first 18 months at Old Trafford have been pockmarked by the occasional mistakes ... ....(size: 12.2Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
27 Jan 2013
At the beginning of her freshman year at Upper St. Clair High School, Kallan Piconi had plenty of decisions to make. Which classes would she take? Which clubs would she join? Most importantly, which fall sport would she play?. Kallan, 15, had played soccer for most of her life, before moving onto lacrosse in the winter ... Mrs ... She took a hit to the head by the stick of a boy playing for Penn Trafford, and her life has never been the same ... J....(size: 13.9Kb)
Goal
26 Jan 2013
For other uses, see Trafford (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 53°26′N 2°18′W / 53.433°N 2.3°W / 53.433; -2.3
| Metropolitan Borough of Trafford | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Metropolitan borough — | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Motto: "Hold Fast That Which Is Good" | |||
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|||
| Coordinates: 53°26′46″N 2°18′29″W / 53.44611°N 2.30806°W / 53.44611; -2.30806 | |||
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom | ||
| Constituent country | England | ||
| Region | North West England | ||
| Ceremonial county | Greater Manchester | ||
| Admin HQ | Stretford | ||
| Founded | 1 April 1974 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Metropolitan borough | ||
| • Governing body | Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council | ||
| • Mayor | Cllr. Jane Baugh | ||
| • MPs: | Graham Brady (C) Paul Goggins (L) Kate Green (L) |
||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 40.94 sq mi (106.04 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 100 ft (30 m) | ||
| Population (2010 est.) | |||
| • Total | 217,300 (Ranked 71st) | ||
| • Density | 5,170/sq mi (1,997/km2) | ||
| • Ethnicity (2005 Estimate)[1] |
89.7% White 5.1% S. Asian 2.3% Black 1.8% Mixed 1.1% Chinese and other |
||
| Time zone | Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0) | ||
| Postcode | M16, M17, M31, M32, M33, M41, WA13, WA14, WA15 | ||
| Area code(s) | 0161 | ||
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-TRF | ||
| ONS code | 00BU | ||
| OS grid reference | SJ795945 | ||
| NUTS 3 | UKD31 | ||
| Website | www.trafford.gov.uk | ||
Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. With an estimated population of about 211,800 in 2006,[2] it covers 41 square miles (106 km2)[3] and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as a merger of the municipal boroughs of Altrincham, Sale, and Stretford, the urban districts of Bowdon, Hale, and Urmston and part of Bucklow Rural District. All were previously in Cheshire, apart from Stretford and Urmston which were in Lancashire. The River Mersey flows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford. Historically the Mersey also acted as the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Trafford area has a long heritage, with evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Roman activity. Amongst the relics of the past are two castles – one of them a Scheduled Ancient Monument – and over 200 listed buildings. The area underwent change in the late 19th century and the population rapidly expanded with the arrival of the railway. Trafford is the home of Manchester United F.C. and Lancashire County Cricket Club and since 2002 the Imperial War Museum North.
Trafford has a strong economy with low levels of unemployment and contains both Trafford Park industrial estate and the Trafford Centre, a large out-of-town shopping centre. Apart from the City of Manchester, Trafford is the only borough in Greater Manchester to be above the national average for weekly income. Socially, the area includes both working class areas like Old Trafford and Stretford and middle class ones such as Bowdon and Hale. Altrincham and Sale West is one of the two parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester to be held by the Conservative Party, the other being Bury North.
Contents |
History[link]
The choice of the name Trafford for the borough was a "compromise between Altrincham, Stretford and Sale", and "seemed to have wide support".[4] A Liberal councillor for the Municipal Borough of Sale suggested "Crossford ... whilst "Watlingford" was suggested by councillors in Hale, after the supposed name of an ancient Roman road in the district.[4] Those names were rejected in favour of Trafford, because of the district's "famous sports venue, a major employer as well as historic associations", referring to Old Trafford, Trafford Park and the de Trafford Baronets respectively.[4]
As a place name, Trafford is an Anglo-French version of Stratford, deriving from the Old English words stræt (a street, more specifically a Roman road) and ford (a river crossing). The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford has existed since 1974, but the area it covers has a long history. Neolithic arrowheads have been discovered in Altrincham and Sale,[5] and there is evidence of Bronze Age habitation in Timperley.[6] Fragments of Roman pottery have been found in Urmston, and Roman coins have been found in Sale. The Roman road between the legionary fortresses at Chester (Deva Victrix) and York (Eboracum) crosses Trafford, passing through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.[7] The settlements in Trafford have been based largely around agriculture, although Altrincham was probably founded as a market town.[8] Although the Industrial Revolution affected Trafford, the area did not experience the same rate of growth as the rest of Greater Manchester.[9] A 100% increase in population in the Trafford area between 1841 and 1861 was a direct result of an influx due to the construction of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway, which allowed residents to more easily commute from Trafford into Manchester.[9] The area developed its own centres of industry in Broadheath (founded in 1885) and Trafford Park (founded in 1897).[10] They have since declined, although Trafford Park still employs 40–50,000 people.[11][12] Today, Trafford is mostly a commuter area. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as one of the ten metropolitan districts of Greater Manchester.[13]
Geography[link]
The metropolitan boroughs of the City of Salford and the City of Manchester border Trafford to the north and east respectively; the Cheshire East area of Cheshire lies to the south. The geology of South Trafford is Keuper marl with some Keuper waterstone and sandstone, whilst the geology of North Trafford is Bunter sandstone.[14] The River Mersey runs east to west through the area, separating North Trafford from South Trafford; other rivers in Trafford include the Bollin, the River Irwell, Sinderland Brook, and Crofts Bank Brook. The Bridgewater Canal, opened in 1761 and completed in 1776, follows a course through Trafford roughly north to south and passes through Stretford, Sale, and Altrincham.[14] The Manchester Ship Canal, opened in 1894, forms part of Trafford's northern and western boundaries with Salford.[15]
Trafford is generally flat, with most of the land lying between 66 feet (20 m) and 98 feet (30 m) above sea level, apart from Bowdon Hill in South Trafford which rises 200 feet (60 m) above sea level.[14] The lowest point in Trafford, near Warburton, is 36 feet (11 m) above sea level.[16] There are areas of mossland in low lying areas: Warburton Moss, Dunham Moss, and Hale Moss.[14] Greenspace accounts for 51.8% of Trafford’s total area, domestic buildings and gardens comprise 25.6%, the rest is made up of roads and non-domestic buildings.[17]
Localities within the boundaries of Trafford include:
North Trafford: Cornbrook, Davyhulme, Firswood, Flixton, Gorse Hill, Lostock, Old Trafford, Stretford, Trafford Park and Urmston.
South Trafford: Altrincham, Ashton-Upon-Mersey, Bowdon, Broadheath, Brooklands, Carrington, Dunham Massey, Hale, Hale Barns, Oldfield Brow, Partington, Sale, Sale Moor, Timperley, Warburton and West Timperley.
Governance[link]
Westminster[link]
The residents of Trafford Metropolitan Borough are represented in the British Parliament by Members of Parliament (MPs) for three separate parliamentary constituencies. Altrincham and Sale West is represented by Graham Brady MP (Conservative).[18] This is one of only a small number of seats in the North West held by the Conservative Party, and one of only two in Greater Manchester. Stretford and Urmston is represented by Kate Green MP (Labour).[19] Wythenshawe and Sale East, which also covers parts of the City of Manchester, is represented by Paul Goggins MP (Labour).[20]
European Parliament[link]
Trafford is part of the North West England constituency in the European Parliament. North West England elects eight MEPs; as of the 2009 European elections, the region is represented made up of three Conservatives, two from the Labour Party, one Liberal Democrat, and one member of the United Kingdom Independence Party and one for the British National Party.[21]
Council[link]
(See Trafford local elections)
In 1974, Trafford Council was created to administer the newly formed Trafford Metropolitan Borough and is headquartered at Trafford Town Hall, which was previously named Stretford Town Hall.[22] On its formation in 1974, the council was controlled by the Conservative Party; the Conservatives have been in control 1973–85, 1988–94, and 2004 to the present. The only time the Labour Party was in control was 1996–2002. The rest of the time were periods of no overall control.[23] The council meets to decide policy and allocate budget. Its duties include setting levels of council tax, monitoring the health service in Trafford, providing social care, and funding schools.[24][25] Jane Baugh is Mayor of Trafford for 2011–12.[26]
In 2007 the Audit Commission judged Trafford Council to be "improving strongly" in providing services for local people. Overall the council was awarded "three star" status meaning it was "performing well" and "consistently above minimum requirements", similar to 46% of all local authorities.[27] In 2008–09, Trafford council had a budget of £150.5 million. This was collected from council tax (57%) and government grants (43%). The council spent £31.8 million on children and young people's services (21%); £60.1 million on community services and social care (40%); £34.4 million on "prosperity, planning, and development" (23%); and £33.8 million on customer and corporate services (22%).[25]
Civil parishes form the bottom tier of local government; the parish councils are involved in planning, management of town and parish centres, and promoting tourism.[28] In 2001, 8,484 people (4.0% of the borough's population) lived in Trafford's four civil parishes:[29] Carrington, Dunham Massey, Partington, and Warburton. They were all previously part of Bucklow Rural District. A rural district was a type of local government district for the administration of predominantly rural areas. The rest of Trafford is unparished. The unparished areas are: Altrincham (Municipal Borough), Bowdon (Urban District), Hale (Urban District), Sale (Municipal Borough), Stretford (Municipal Borough), and Urmston (Urban District). The status of each area prior to 1974 is shown in brackets. An urban district was a type of local government district which covered an urbanised area.
| Party | Seats | Current Council (2012–13) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2007[30] | 2008[31] | 2010[32] | 2011[33] | 2012[34] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conservative | 39 | 39 | 37 | 37 | 34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Labour | 20 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lib Dems | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electoral wards[link]
There are 21 electoral wards in Trafford, each with 3 councillors, giving a total of 63 councillors with one-third elected three years out of four.[24] In the following table, the populations for each ward are based on 2006 population estimates.
| Ward name | Localities covered (approximate) | Population | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Altrincham | Altrincham, Broadheath, and Oldfield Brow | 9,570 | [35] |
| Ashton upon Mersey | Ashton upon Mersey and Sale | 9,519 | [36] |
| Bowdon | Altrincham, Bowdon, Dunham Massey, and Warburton | 8,806 | [37] |
| Broadheath | Altrincham, Broadheath, Sale, Timperley, and West Timperley | 10,601 | [38] |
| Brooklands | Brooklands and Sale | 9,773 | [39] |
| Bucklow-St. Martins | Ashton upon Mersey, Carrington, and Partington | 9,655 | [40] |
| Clifford | Old Trafford | 10,106 | [41] |
| Davyhulme East | Davyhulme and Urmston | 10,414 | [42] |
| Davyhulme West | Davyhulme and Flixton | 9,595 | [43] |
| Flixton | Flixton | 10,796 | [44] |
| Gorse Hill | Gorse Hill and Stretford | 10,306 | [45] |
| Hale Barns | Hale, Hale Barns and Timperley | 9,143 | [46] |
| Hale Central | Altrincham and Hale | 9,100 | [47] |
| Longford | Firswood, Old Trafford, and Stretford | 11,357 | [48] |
| Priory | Sale | 9,439 | [49] |
| St. Mary's | Ashton upon Mersey and Sale | 11,160 | [50] |
| Sale Moor | Sale and Sale Moor | 9,899 | [51] |
| Stretford | Stretford | 10,334 | [52] |
| Timperley | Brooklands and Timperley | 10,666 | [53] |
| Urmston | Flixton and Urmston | 10,159 | [54] |
| Village | Brooklands and Timperley | 9,747 | [55] |
| Trafford | All | 211,800 |
Coat of arms[link]
The coat of arms of Trafford Council depicts a griffin on a shield flanked by two unicorns. The line bisecting the shield horizontally symbolises the River Mersey running through Trafford from east to west and the canals in the borough.[56] The white legs of a lion on a red background represent the parts of Trafford previously controlled by the De Massey family, while the red body and head of an eagle on a white background represents the areas of Trafford previously controlled by the De Traffords. Both elements were taken from the coats of arms of the respective families.[56] The fist holding bolts of lightning represents Stretford and the electrical industry; the cog on the arm represents Altrincham's engineering industry.[56] The unicorns stand for Sale and Altrincham.[56] The oak branches represent Urmston and the rural areas of Trafford.[56]
Demography[link]
See also: Demography of Greater Manchester
| 2001 UK Census[57] | Trafford | Greater Manchester | England |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 210,145 | 2,514,757 | 49,138,831 |
| White | 91.6% | 91.2% | 90.9% |
| Asian | 4.0% | 5.6% | 4.6% |
| Black | 2.0% | 1.2% | 2.3% |
As of the 2001 UK census, the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford had a total population of 210,145.[57] Of the 89,313 households in the borough, 36.5% were married couples living together, 31.6% were one-person households, 7.8% were co-habiting couples and 9.7% were lone parents, following a similar trend to the rest of England.[58]
The population density was 1,982 /km2 (5,130 /sq mi)[3] and for every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. Of those aged 16–74 in Trafford, 24.7% had no academic qualifications, significantly lower than the 28.9% in all of England.[57] 8.2% of Trafford’s residents were born outside the United Kingdom, lower than the English average of 9.2%.[59] The largest minority group was Asian, at 4.0% of the population.[60]
In 1841, 12% of Trafford's population was middle class compared to 14% in England and Wales; this increased to 21% in 1931 (15% nationally) and 55% in 2001 (48% nationally). From 1841 to 1951, the working class population of Trafford and across the country was in decline, falling steadily from 43% to 18% (36% to 29% nationally). It has since increased slightly, up to 27% (26% nation-wide). The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers.[61] As of the 2007/2008 financial year, the crime rates in Trafford for violence against a person and sexual offences were below the national averages. However, the rate of robberies were above the national average.[62]
Population change[link]
The table below details the population change since 1801, including the percentage change since the last census 10 years earlier. Although Trafford was formed as a Metropolitan Borough in 1974, figures have been generated by combining data from the towns, villages, and civil parishes that would later be constituent parts of Trafford. The greatest percentage change in the population occurred between 1851 and 1871, and was a result of the construction of the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway in 1849.[9] The decrease by 7.7% in Trafford's population since the 1971 census mirrors the trend for Greater Manchester, although on a smaller scale; this has been accounted for by the decline of Greater Manchester's industries, particularly those in Manchester and Salford but including those in Trafford, and residents leaving to seek new jobs.[63]
| Year | 1801 | 1811 | 1821 | 1831 | 1841 | 1851 | 1861 | 1871 | 1881 | 1891 | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 | 1941 | 1951 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 9,760 | 11,197 | 12,697 | 13,725 | 17,474 | 21,896 | 35,588 | 49,280 | 62,971 | 76,672 | 94,830 | 117,289 | 135,163 | 155,760 | 178,385 | 204,302 | 215,714 | 227,792 | 221,000 | 215,785 | 210,145 |
| % change | – | +14.7 | +13.4 | +8.1 | +27.3 | +25.3 | +62.5 | +38.5 | +27.8 | +21.8 | +23.7 | +23.7 | +15.2 | +15.2 | +14.5 | +14.5 | +5.6 | +5.6 | −3.0 | −2.4 | −2.6 |
| Source: A Vision of Britain through Time | |||||||||||||||||||||
Economy[link]
Historically, the economy of the Trafford area has been dominated by agriculture. This continued to some extent even during the Industrial Revolution, as the textile industry in Trafford did not develop as quickly or to the same extent as it did in the rest of Greater Manchester.[64] There are only two known 18th-century mill sites in Trafford, compared with 69 known in Tameside and 51 in Manchester.[64] After reaching a high of 43% in 1812, employment in the textile industry in Trafford declined to 12% according to the 1851 census.[64] The textile industry in Trafford could not compete with that in places such as Manchester, Oldham, and Ashton-under-Lyne, partly because of a reluctance to invest in industry on the part of the two main land owners in the area: the Stamfords and the de Traffords.[64]
Trafford Park was founded in 1897, and at its peak in 1945 employed 75,000 people.[65] As well as being the world's first planned industrial estate,[66] it is Europe's largest business park. More than 1,400 companies are within the park, employing between 40,000 and 50,000 people.[11][12][66] The Trafford Centre, which opened on 10 September 1998,[67] is North West England's largest indoor shopping complex. The centre has over 30 million visitors annually,[68] and contains 235 stores, 55 restaurants, and the largest Odeon cinema in the UK.[69]
| 2001 UK Census | Trafford[70] | Greater Manchester[71] | England |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population of working age | 151,445 | 1,805,315 | 35,532,091 |
| Full time employment | 43.4% | 40.3% | 40.8% |
| Part time employment | 11.9% | 11.3% | 11.8% |
| Self employed | 8.0% | 6.7% | 8.3% |
| Unemployed | 2.7% | 3.5% | 3.3% |
| Retired | 13.9% | 13.0% | 13.5% |
Trafford is a prosperous area, with an average weekly income of £394, and apart from Manchester it is the only borough in Greater Manchester to be above the national average for weekly income and is on average the highest in the county. Media, advertising and public relations have been identified as growth industries in Greater Manchester and are concentrated in Manchester and Trafford.[72] Average house prices in Trafford are the highest out of all the metropolitan boroughs in Greater Manchester, 45% higher than the average for the county.[73]
As of the 2001 UK census, Trafford had 151,445 residents aged 16 to 74. 2.5% of these people were students with jobs, 5.7% looking after home or family, 5.4% permanently sick or disabled and 2.8% economically inactive for other reasons. Trafford has a low rate of unemployment (2.7%) compared with Greater Manchester (3.6%) and England as a whole (3.3%).[70] Trafford has the lowest number of unemployment benefit claimants compared to all the other boroughs in Greater Manchester (3.7%).[74]
In 2001, of 99,146 residents of Trafford in employment, the industry of employment was 17.1% property and business services, 16.5% retail and wholesale, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.9% health and social work, 8.2% education, 8.0% transport and communications, 5.9% construction, 5.5% finance, 4.5% public administration and defence, 4.0% hotels and restaurants, 0.8% energy and water supply, 0.6% agriculture, and 4.6% other. This was roughly in line with national figures, except for the proportion of jobs in agriculture which is less than half the national average, reflecting Trafford's suburban nature and its proximity to the centre of Manchester.[75]
A study commissioned by Experian rated Trafford as the strongest and most resilient borough in North West England to dealing with sudden changes in the economy. Trafford's low reliance on vulnerable businesses in the current recession and its high proportion of multinational companies were two factors which give the borough its high ranking.[76]
Culture[link]
Landmarks[link]
See also: List of Scheduled Monuments in Greater Manchester, Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester, Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester, and List of public art in Greater Manchester
As of March 2007, Trafford has 6 Grade I, 11 Grade II*, and 228 Grade II listed buildings. Trafford has the equal second highest number of Grade I listed buildings out of the districts of Greater Manchester behind Manchester.[77][78] Most of Trafford's Grade I listed buildings are in the south of the borough: the old Church of St. Werburgh in Warburton; Dunham Massey Hall itself, and the stables and carriage house belonging to the hall; Royd House in Hale; and the Church of All Saints in Urmston in the north of the borough.[78] Trafford has three of Greater Manchester’s 21 Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Brookheys Covert is a semi-natural wood consisting mainly of ash, birch, and rowan, with a wetland habitat covering 5.8 acres (2.3 ha) in Dunham Massey.[79] Cotteril Clough is an area of woodland that is among the most diverse in Greater Manchester.[80] Dunham Park is an area of "pasture-woodland or park-woodland" and has been since the Middle Ages, including many oak trees that date back to the 17th century, and covers 192.7 acres (78.0 ha).[81] Also in Trafford are many parks and open spaces; there are 21.2 square miles (55 km2) of greenspace, 51.8% of the total area covered by the borough.[17] Tourist attractions in Trafford include Old Trafford football ground and Old Trafford Cricket Ground.
Chill Factore is an indoor ski slope in Trafford Park. It features the UK's longest and widest real snow indoor slope, 100 metres (110 yd) wide and 180 metres (200 yd) long.[82]
Dunham Massey Hall and Park is an 18th-century hall[83] with a 250-acre (1.0 km2) deer park, both now owned by the National Trust and previously owned by the Earls of Stamford. The hall is early Georgian in style. The hall and grounds are open to the public and are a popular tourist attraction, with nearly 200,000 visitors in 2010.[84][85]
Imperial War Museum North is a war museum in Trafford Park and was opened in 2002. The museum won the 2003 British Construction Industry Building Award, and the title of Large Visitor Attraction of the Year at the 2006 Manchester Tourism Awards.[86]
Sale Water Park is a 152-acre (62 ha) area of countryside and parkland including a 52-acre (21 ha) artificial lake created when the M60 motorway was built.[87] The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife refuge, a Local Nature Reserve that provides a home for migratory birds.[88]
Timperley Old Hall is a medieval moated site in Timperley near Altrincham Municipal Golf Course. Excavation on the site over a period of 18 years has shown Timperley to be inhabited since the Bronze Age. A grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund has been made to develop the site into a community project.[6]
Trafford has two medieval castles. Dunham Castle is an early medieval castle in Dunham Massey. It belonged to Hamon de Massey, and was probably still standing in the early 14th century. The bailey was landscaped into the grounds of Dunham Massey Hall and its moat turned into an ornamental pond.[89] Watch Hill Castle is an early medieval motte-and-bailey castle on the border of Dunham Massey and Bowdon. It is listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The motte and surrounding ditch still survives, although it had fallen out of use by the 13th century.[90]
Sport[link]
Trafford is the home of several major sports teams, including Manchester United Football Club and Lancashire County Cricket Club (LCCC). Manchester United began as Newton Heath L&YR F.C. in 1878.[91] The team plays at Old Trafford football ground, which is sometimes used as a stadium for international matches. Manchester United have won the FA Cup 11 times and been the Premier League champions 12 times (since the league was formed 18 seasons ago) and were Football League champions seven times in the years prior to that. The club last won the Premier League in 2011.[92] LCCC started as the Manchester Cricket Club,[93] and represents the historic county of Lancashire. The club contested the original 1890 County Championship.[94] Old Trafford Cricket Ground – Lancashire's home ground – stages international matches, including Test matches and One Day Internationals.[95] The team has won the county championship eight times ouright (with one shared) and are the current county champions after winning the competition in 2011 - the county's first outright triumph since 1934.
Also in the top division of their sports are Sale Sharks, who play rugby union. From 2009, Manchester Phoenix, who play home games at the Altrincham Ice Dome, are members of the English Premier Ice Hockey League. The club was formed in 2003 as the successor to Manchester Storm and was one of the founder members of the Elite Ice Hockey League.[96][97] In 2008–09 they finished sixth in the Elite Ice Hockey League. The Trafford Metros are the Phoenix's junior side and are also based at the Altrincham Ice Dome.[98] Rugby Union side Sale Sharks were formerly based in Trafford and although they now play at Edgeley Park in Stockport, they retain their name from when they were based at Heywood Road in Sale; their former home-ground Road is still used as the team's training ground.[99] Sale Sharks won the Guinness Premiership in 2006; in 2008–09 they finished fifth.
As well as being home to several clubs in the top echelon of their sports, Trafford plays host to smaller clubs, including Altrincham F.C., Flixton F.C., and Trafford F.C.. Both Flixton F.C. and Trafford F.C. play in the North West Counties Football League Division One. Flixton F.C. was formed in 1960 and earned promotion to NWCF Division One at the end of the 2006–07 season. Trafford F.C. was formed in 1990 and finished fifth in the 2006–07 season.[100] Altrincham F.C. was founded in 1903 and plays in the Football Conference.
Within Trafford two clubs play in the National Premier Division of the Adidas England Hockey League. The two clubs are represented in both the Men's Premier Division as well as the Women's Premier Division: Brooklands MU (Men) & Brooklands Poynton (Women) based at Brooklands Sports Club in Sale[101] and Bowdon (Men) & Bowdon Hightown (Women) based at Bowdon Sports Club in Bowdon.[102]
Education[link]
See also: List of schools in Trafford
There are 73 primary schools in Trafford, 17 secondary and grammar schools, and 6 special schools.[103] Trafford maintains a selective education system, with grammar schools, assessed by the Eleven Plus exam. Trafford College, a £29M "super college" in Stretford, is the only college of further education in Trafford. It was officially opened in 2008, following a merger between South Trafford College and North Trafford College.[104] Overall, Trafford was ranked 3rd out of all of the Local Education Authorities in National Curriculum assessment performance in 2007.[105] Absences from Trafford secondary schools in 2006–07, authorised and unauthorised, were 5.6% and 0.8% respectively, both lower than the national average (6.4% and 1.4%).[106] From the 2007 GCSE results, the Trafford LEA was ranked 5th out of 148 in the country – and first in Greater Manchester and the North West – based on the percentage of pupils attaining at least 5 A*–C grades at GCSE including maths and English (60.8% compared with the national average of 46.7%).[107]
From the 2007 GCSE results and A-level results, Altrincham Grammar School for Girls was the most successful secondary school in Trafford, with 100% of pupils gaining five or more GCSEs at A*–C grade including maths and English. At A-level, Altrincham Grammar Schools for Girls was the 39th most successful school in the country.[108][109] St. Ambrose College is undergoing a £17M rebuild of the school on the current school grounds in Hale Barns.[110]
Religion[link]
See also: List of churches in Greater Manchester
| 2001 UK Census[57] | Trafford | North West England | England |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 210,145 | 6,729,764 | 49,138,831 |
| Christian | 75.8% | 78.0% | 71.7% |
| Muslim | 3.3% | 3.0% | 3.1% |
| Jewish | 1.1% | 0.4% | 0.5% |
| No religion | 12.0% | 10.5% | 14.6% |
As of the 2001 UK census, 75.8% of Trafford's residents reported themselves as being Christian, 3.3% Muslim, 1.1% Jewish, 0.6% Hindu, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.5% Sikh. The census recorded 12.0% as having no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion and 6.4% did not state their religion.[57] Trafford is covered by the Catholic Dioceses of Shrewsbury and Salford,[111][112] and the Church of England Dioceses of Manchester and Chester.[113][114]
There are two Grade I listed churches in Trafford: St. Werburgh's Church, in Warburton, is a timber framed church and dates back to at least the 14th century;[115] All Saints' Church, in Urmston, was constructed in 1868 by E. W. Pugin, and is considered to be one of his best works.[116] Of the 11 Grade II* listed buildings in Trafford, seven are churches: Hale Chapel in Hale; the Church of St John the Divine in Sale; Church of St Mary the Virgin in Bowdon; St. Martin's Church in Sale; St. Michael's Church in Flixton; St. Margaret’s Church in Altrincham; St. George’s Church in Carrington.[78]
In 2007, the Church of Scientology bought the Old Trafford Essence Distillery on Chester Road for a reported £3.6M. The Church stated that it had plans to turn the 51,000-square-foot (4,700 m2) Victorian building into a place of worship and religious instruction. The original plans were rejected by Trafford Council, but the Church stated its intention to revise the proposals and resubmit.[117]
Transport[link]
The Manchester Metrolink runs generally north–south through Trafford, with its southern terminus in Altrincham; it serves Cornbrook, Trafford Bar, Old Trafford, Stretford, Dane Road, Sale, Brooklands, Timperley, Navigation Road, and Altrincham. The line opened in 1992 and replaced the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway.[118] The other railways in Trafford are the Liverpool and Manchester Railway and the Cheshire Lines Committee. The 20-acre (8 ha) Trafford Park Euroterminal rail freight terminal was opened in 1993. It cost £11 million and has the capacity to deal with 100,000 containers a year.[119]
The council is responsible for the maintenance of Trafford's public roads and pavements.[120][121] In November 2007, Trafford council announced an increased investment in "maintaining and improving the borough's highways" by £3M to £6.5M. The money will provide for the resurfacing of about 60 kilometres (37 mi) of road.[122] Part of the M60 orbital motorway passes through Trafford, from junctions 6–10 inclusive.
A range of bus services provide connections between various towns in the borough and links to the city centre, and other urban areas of Greater Manchester and Cheshire. Operators include Stagecoach Manchester, Arriva North West, Finglands as well as smaller operators, who generally run services under contract to GMPTE. Trafford Cycle Forum was established to promote cycling in Trafford;[123] the group actively campaigns to raise money for cycling in the borough.[124]
See also[link]
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough resident population estimates by ethnic group (percentages) 2005 estimate". Statistics.gov.uk. http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=trafford&d=13&e=13&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206306090873&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812. Retrieved on 24 March 2008.
- ^ "Population estimates 2006 by district". Statistics.gov.uk. 21 August 2007. http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=9666&More=Y. Retrieved on 17 December 2007.
- ^ a b "Trafford Metropolitan Borough population density". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310484&enc=1&dsFamilyId=789. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ a b c Clark 1973, p. 101.
- ^ Nevell (1997), pp. 12–13.
- ^ a b Faulkner (2004), pp. 1–5.
- ^ Nevell (1997), pp. 17, 20, 75.
- ^ Nevell (1997), p. 51.
- ^ a b c Nevell (1997), pp. 90–91.
- ^ Nevell (1997), pp. 127, 131.
- ^ a b "Salford Quays & Trafford Park". Manchester Investment and Development Agency Service Ltd. Archived from the original on 2008-01-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20080117100823/http://www.investinmanchester.com/propertysites_salfordquays. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ a b "Trafford at GMeP.org". Greater Manchester e-Government Partnership. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071223210424/http://www.gmep.org.uk/ccm/content/map-links/trafford/. Retrieved on 12 December 2007.
- ^ HMSO. Local Government Act 1972. 1972 c.70
- ^ a b c d Nevell (1997), pp. 3, 10, 94.
- ^ Nevell (1997), p. 125.
- ^ Bayliss (1996), p. 2.
- ^ a b "Trafford Metropolitan Borough physical environment". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=8&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1200185506953&enc=1. Retrieved on 13 February 2008.
- ^ "Altrincham and Sale West constituency election results.". Guardian.co.uk. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/hoc/constituency/0,,-671,00.html. Retrieved on 6 February 2008.
- ^ "Stretford and Urmston constituency election results". Guardian.co.uk. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/hoc/constituency/0,,-1347,00.html. Retrieved on 4 August 2007.
- ^ "Wythenshawe and Sale East constituency election results.". Guardian.co.uk. http://politics.guardian.co.uk/hoc/constituency/0,,-1461,00.html. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ "Your MEPs". Europarl.org.uk. http://www.europarl.org.uk/section/your-meps/findmep?filter0=North+West&filter1=**ALL**&filter2=**ALL**&filter3=**ALL**&filter5=**ALL**&filter4=**ALL**&submit=Submit. Retrieved on 22 December 2009.
- ^ "Listings report, Autumn 2007". The Twentieth Century Society. http://www.c20society.org.uk/docs/listings/07_autumn.html. Retrieved on 6 December 2007.
- ^ "Trafford local elections 2007". BBC Online. 4 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/vote2007/councils/html/bu.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ a b Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Trafford Council Constitution 2007". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=3B68B710-0F74-46D8-8766-9D41C4B49EC2. Retrieved on 6 January 2008.
- ^ a b "Trafford Council Budget Report 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 19 February 2008. pp. 17, 22. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=B11BBEAC-B7D9-4896-9C88-F76E0CF2C008. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "The Mayor of Trafford - Councillor Mrs Jane Baugh". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/councilanddemocracy/abouttraffordcouncil/mayoroftrafford/. Retrieved on 26 November 2011.
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council comprehensive performance assessment (CPA) scorecard 2007". Audit Commission. 2007. http://cpa.audit-commission.gov.uk/STCCScorecard.aspx?TaxID=108549. Retrieved on 11 April 2008.
- ^ National Association of Local Councils. "What is a town, parish or community council?". nalc.gov.uk. http://www.nalc.gov.uk/About_NALC/What_is_a_parish_or_town_council/What_is_a_council.aspx. Retrieved on 26 January 2008.
- ^ Retrieved on 24 September 2007. "Carrington civil parish population". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=790589&c=Carrington&d=16&e=15&g=356170&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1190636380788&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779 Retrieved on 24 September 2007..
•"Dunham Massey civil parish population". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=790590&c=Dunham+Massey&d=16&e=15&g=356097&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779. Retrieved on 14 September 2007.
•"Partington civil parish population". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=790591&c=Partington&d=16&e=15&g=356171&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1190726274083&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779. Retrieved on 25 September 2007.
•"Warburton civil parish population". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=790592&c=Warburton&d=16&e=15&g=356099&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&enc=1&dsFamilyId=779. Retrieved on 31 August 2007. - ^ "Trafford local election results 2007". Trafford MBC. 3 May 2007. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/elections/resultssummary.asp?year=2007. Retrieved on 3 May 2007.
- ^ "Trafford local election results 2008". Trafford MBC. 3 May 2008. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/elections/resultssummary.asp?year=2008. Retrieved on 3 May 2008.
- ^ "Trafford local election results 2010". Trafford MBC. 3 May 2010. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/elections/resultssummary.asp?year=2010. Retrieved on 18 May 2010.
- ^ "Trafford local election results 2011". Trafford MBC. 3 May 2011. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/elections/resultssummary.asp?year=2011. Retrieved on 18 May 2011.
- ^ "Trafford local election results 2012". Trafford MBC. 3 May 2012. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/elections/resultssummary.asp?year=2012. Retrieved on 07 May 2012.
- ^ "Altrincham ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=FC1E7BBA-58DF-4966-8499-4E421E991EC4. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Ashton upon Mersey ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=877523D9-2EEF-41A7-BC4E-E50F346DD3DD=. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Bowdon ward profile – 2008/09". Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=A7B83889-E107-4DD9-B583-A399CB3C00EF. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Broadheath ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=B31821DB-2BC3-429D-94A5-EF7390E8AE65. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Brooklands ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=3B6804A6-9924-46FD-AF73-C80A72819945. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Bucklow St. Martins ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=CB8746AE-9CC7-4C50-B1FF-3B623514C774. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Clifford ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=9DA563B1-337D-43F8-B3E2-E6842C1B6CA5&format=doc&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Davyhulme East ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=F9E44474-C71B-456E-9D24-7CB3DBF2A7B6&format=doc&id=0&cmetemplate=dynamic/standard.tmp. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Davyhulme West ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=21442759-60D4-470B-8EB3-2B91CC4AAA8C. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Flixton ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=99504D12-4C09-48E5-8580-317944B21CAF. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Gorse Hill ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=181B1502-8B02-4FCB-A49F-BD2467F098F0. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Hale Barns ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=95CF5831-2634-4AB6-8E8F-8BA6047B6B62. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Hale Central ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=063A1FEE-82E9-4B7D-B725-E0B6DEC381B7. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Longford ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=A919395C-7114-4A39-9FC3-A7B714E51ED0. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Priory ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=20534DF7-57E3-4DF1-B1A1-20814A543DEA. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "St. Mary's ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=E0693FA5-2B68-4ECA-BC58-3010D9693441. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Sale Moor ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=FF97C56E-3D0A-4A0C-B528-A7E3007204B1. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Stretford ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=6C022A5E-3653-424B-AF38-0F34BF8C3228. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Timperley ward profile – 2008/09". Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=DD6BBF9E-785A-4CFD-9CD7-37B500F248AC. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Urmston ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=67719B60-DF73-4B39-A2B3-E09521C8FB95. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "Village ward profile – 2008/09" (PDF). Trafford MBC. 2009. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/DocMan2Document.asp?document_id=4A6D4E03-F074-4998-80D3-3813AF20166D. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ a b c d e Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Trafford coat of arms". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/cme3486.htm?scheme_name=lgnl&scheme_category_id=1001. Retrieved on 20 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "Trafford Metropolitan Borough key statistics". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310453&enc=1. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough household data". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197508310468&enc=1&dsFamilyId=165. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough country of birth data". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197510414343&enc=1&dsFamilyId=85. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough ethnic group data". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1197510414359&enc=1&dsFamilyId=87. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Trafford social class". Vision of Britain. Archived from the original on December 26, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071226003310/http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_chart_page.jsp?data_theme=T_SOC&data_cube=N_SOC_redist&u_id=10168569&c_id=10001043&add=Y. Retrieved on 21 December 2007.
- ^ "Local Area Crime Figures for Trafford". UpMyStreet.co.uk. 2007/08. http://www.upmystreet.com/local/crime-in-m33.html. Retrieved on 27 June 2009.
- ^ "Trafford Metropolitan Borough key statistics" (PDF). audit-commission.gov.uk. http://www.audit-commission.gov.uk/Products/BVIR/9AC95DA0-C6A1-4b9b-9A0D-D305DE72FFC8/ManchesterSalford.pdf. Retrieved on 22 February 2008.
- ^ a b c d Nevell (1997), pp. 88–91
- ^ Nevell (1997), pp. 130–131
- ^ a b Nicholls (1996), p. xiii.
- ^ "History of the Trafford Centre". TraffordCentre.co.uk. http://www.traffordcentre.co.uk/information/pack/history. Retrieved on 12 December 2007.
- ^ "The Trafford Centre". Peel Holdings. http://www.peel.co.uk/peelholdings/traffordcentre/trafford.html. Retrieved on 23 December 2007.
- ^ "All About us — The Trafford Centre". TraffordCentre.co.uk. 29 November 2007. http://www.traffordcentre.co.uk/news/view/?ID=3761. Retrieved on 12 December 2007.
- ^ a b "Trafford Local Authority economic activity". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1196696953015&enc=1&dsFamilyId=107. Retrieved on 3 November 2007.
- ^ "Greater Manchester Health Authority economic activity". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=789833&c=Greater+Manchester&d=81&e=16&g=352906&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1246022144310&enc=1&dsFamilyId=107. Retrieved 2009-06-26
- ^ "Promoting a Dynamic Economy". Greater Manchester e-Government Partnership. Archived from the original on January 12, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080112085728/http://www.gmep.org.uk/ccm/content/agma/promoting-a-dynamic-economy.en;jsessionid=64C7688F205BEE012F17A5E3001818D5. Retrieved on 12 December 2007.
- ^ "House prices for Greater Manchester Local Authorities". BBC News Online. 16 March 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/in_depth/uk_house_prices/counties/html/county38.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010.
- ^ MEN Business (March 17, 2010). "More unemployed and for longer". http://menmedia.co.uk/news/business/s/1200745_more_unemployed_and_for_longer. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- ^ "Trafford Local Authority industry of employment". Statistics.gov.uk. http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276784&c=Trafford&d=13&e=16&g=356269&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1196694202699&enc=1&dsFamilyId=119. Retrieved on 3 November 2007.
- ^ BBC (9 September 2010). "Trafford best-placed to resist economic woes". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-11204571. Retrieved 13 September 2010.
- ^ "Images of England Statistics by County". 2001. http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/StatisticsPage/default.aspx?StatsCounty=GREATER%20MANCHESTER. Retrieved on 22 December 2007.
- ^ a b c "Planning and building control: listed buildings" (PDF). Trafford MBC. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/cme/live/dynamic/Download.asp?c=docman2&f=pdf&id=5AD074D0-A2CF-4964-8188-E2333AA27652. Retrieved on 14 December 2007.
- ^ "Brookheys Covert" (PDF). EnglishNature.org. http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002793.pdf. Retrieved on 14 September 2007.
- ^ "Cotteril Clough citation sheet" (PDF). Natural England. http://www.english-nature.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1002851.pdf. Retrieved on 2 July 2007.
- ^ "Dunham Park". EnglishNature.org. http://www.english-nature.org.uk/science/natural/NA_HAbDetails.asp?Name=Urban+Mersey+Basin&N=26&H=37. Retrieved on 14 September 2007.
- ^ "Chill Factore's coming – The story so far". TraffordCentre.co.uk. 9 May 2007. http://www.traffordcentre.co.uk/news/view/?ID=2285. Retrieved on 17 December 2007.
- ^ "Dunham Massey – Lodge". Images of England. http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=212859. Retrieved on 2 February 2007.
- ^ "Dunham Massey". National Trust. http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-dunhammassey. Retrieved on 20 September 2007.
- ^ "Visits Made in 2010 to Visitor Attractions in Membership with ALVA". ALVA – Association of Leading Visitor Attractions. http://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423. Retrieved on 29 February 2012.
- ^ "Greater Manchester's Tourism Industry Celebrate in Style". Marketing Manchester. http://www.marketingmanchester.com/news/newsdetails.xsql?id=109. Retrieved on 15 October 2007.[dead link]
- ^ "Appendix J River Mersey Case Study Report" (DOC). The Countryside Agency. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927203329/http://www.countryside.gov.uk/Images/Appendix%20J%20final_tcm2-19113.doc. Retrieved on 27 April 2007.
- ^ "Broad Ees Dole". Mersey Valley Countryside Warden Service. http://www.merseyvalley.org.uk/site/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=50&Itemid=72. Retrieved on 27 April 2007.
- ^ Nevell (1997), p. 33.
- ^ Nevell (1997), pp. 34–35.
- ^ Shurry (2005), pp. 6–8.
- ^ "Manchester United honours". Homeofsport.com. http://www.homeofsport.com/football/clubs/details.aspx?id=14. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Lancashire County Cricket Club origins". LCCC.co.uk. http://www.lccc.co.uk/index.php?p=news&id=27. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "History of the County Championship". Cricinfo.com. http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/NATIONAL/ENG/CHAMPIONSHIP/. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Old Trafford Cricket Ground". Cricinfo.com. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/ground/57160.html. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Controversy as Phoenix face league 'snub'". ThisisLancashire.co.uk. 1 April 2009. http://www.thisislancashire.co.uk/sport/icehockey/manchesterphoenix/4251802.Controversy_as_Phoenix_face_league__snub_/. Retrieved on 29 July 2009.
- ^ Chris Brierley (31 March 2009). "Phoenix player ratings". Manchester Evening News. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/ice_hockey/s/1105637_phoenix_player_ratings. Retrieved on 29 July 2009.
- ^ "Ice hockey youth side change name to Trafford Metros". Messengerpapers.co.uk. 13 August 2009. http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/sport/4544258.Ice_hockey_youth_side_change_name_to_Trafford_Metros/. Retrieved on 15 September 2009.
- ^ "Sale F.C.". Sale F.C.. http://www.salefc.com. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.
- ^ "Trafford F.C. club history". Trafford F.C.. http://www.details.traffordfc.co.uk/page2.html. Retrieved on 13 December 2007.
- ^ "Brooklands Hockey". Brooklands Manchester University Hockey Club. http://www.brooklandshockey.co.uk/. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ "Bowdon Club; Hockey Section". Bowdon Club. http://www.bowdonclub.com/cms/hockey-section. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ "Schools and colleges in Trafford". Trafford MBC. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/content/admissions/allschools.asp#primary. Retrieved on 19 April 2009.
- ^ Robert Downes (3 May 2008). "'Super college' opens its doors". Messengernewspapers.co.uk. http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/2243857.super_college_opens_its_doors/. Retrieved on 4 May 2009.
- ^ "LEA SATs performance". BBC Online. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7130024.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 10 January 2008.
- ^ "Trafford schools". BBC Online. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/07/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/358_5407.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 10 January 2008.
- ^ "How different LEAs performed". BBC Online. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7180228.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 10 January 2008.
- ^ "Education results in Trafford". BBC Online. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/education/07/school_tables/secondary_schools/html/358_gcse_lea.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 10 January 2008.
- ^ "Top A-level results". BBC Online. 10 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7180103.stm. Retrieved 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 10 January 2008.
- ^ Dean Kirby (17 July 2006). "School in £17m funding victory". Manchester Evening News. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/education/s/218/218218_school_in_17m_funding_victory.html. Retrieved on 4 January 2008.
- ^ "Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury". Dioceseofshrewsbury.org. http://www.dioceseofshrewsbury.org. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.
- ^ "Parishes of the Diocese". Salforddiocese.org.uk. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070502121806/http://www.salforddiocese.org.uk/parishes/masstimes.html. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.
- ^ "The Church of England Diocese of Manchester". Manchester.anglican.org. http://www.manchester.anglican.org/default.asp. Retrieved on 7 May 2007.
- ^ "Churches in the Diocese of Chester". Chester.anglican.org. http://www.chester.anglican.org/churches.asp. Retrieved on 22 April 2009
- ^ Nevell and Hradil (2005), pp. 87–8.
- ^ "All Saints’ Church". Images of England. http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?pid=1&id=212996. Retrieved on 22 December 2007.
- ^ "Scientology Centre Planned". Manchester Evening News. 28 October 2007. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1021846_scientology_centre_planned. Retrieved 8 February 2009.
- ^ "Manchester to Altrincham: the southern part of Metrolink Phase I". Light Rail Transit Association. 14 September 2007. http://www.lrta.org/Manchester/Altm_Line.html. Retrieved on 18 December 2007.
- ^ Nicholls (1996), p. 161.
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Dangerous Pavements". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/transportandstreets/roadshighwaysandpavements/dangerouspavements/. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. "Potholes". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/transportandstreets/roadshighwaysandpavements/potholes/. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council (November 2007). "£3M extra for more roads improvements". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/news/issues/78/articles/Roads_Improvements.asp. Retrieved on 13 February 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council (11 June 2002). "Get on yer bikes!". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/news/press/details.asp?ID=210. Retrieved on 13 February 2008.
- ^ Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council (8 November 2007). "Cyclists backing Bridgewater Way". Trafford.gov.uk. http://www.trafford.gov.uk/news/press/details.asp?ID=210. Retrieved on 13 February 2008.
Bibliography[link]
- Bayliss, Don (1996). Historical Atlas of Trafford. Don Bayliss. ISBN 0-9529300-0-5.
- Clark, David M. (1973). Greater Manchester Votes: A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities. Redrose.
- Faulkner, Pat (2004). Tymperleie: The History and Archaeology of Timperley Old Hall. South Trafford Archaeological Group.
- Nevell, Mike (1997). The Archaeology of Trafford. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council with the University of Manchester Archaeological Unit. ISBN 1-870695-25-9.
- Nevell, Mike and Hradil, Ivan (2005). St Lawrence’s Church and the archaeology of the Medieval Timber-framed Churches of England and Wales. Tameside Metropolitan Borough and University of Manchester Archaeological Unit. ISBN 1-871324-30-0.
- Nicholls, Robert (1996). Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years. Phillimore & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-86077-013-4.
- Shury, Alan; & Landamore, Brian (2005). The Definitive Newton Heath F.C.. SoccerData. ISBN 1-899468-16-1.
External links[link]
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| Sir Ian Botham signing books at Canary Wharf, 2009 | ||||
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Sir Ian Terence Botham OBE | |||
| Born | (1955-11-24) 24 November 1955 (age 56) Heswall, Cheshire, England |
|||
| Nickname | Beefy, Both, Guy[1] | |||
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | |||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm fast-medium | |||
| Role | All-rounder | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | England | |||
| Test debut (cap 474) | 28 July 1977 v Australia | |||
| Last Test | 18 June 1992 v Pakistan | |||
| ODI debut (cap 33) | 26 August 1976 v West Indies | |||
| Last ODI | 24 August 1992 v Pakistan | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1992–93 | Durham | |||
| 1987–91 | Worcestershire | |||
| 1987–88 | Queensland | |||
| 1974–86 | Somerset | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Tests | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 102 | 116 | 402 | 470 |
| Runs scored | 5200 | 2113 | 19399 | 10474 |
| Batting average | 33.54 | 23.21 | 33.97 | 29.50 |
| 100s/50s | 14/22 | 0/9 | 38/97 | 7/46 |
| Top score | 208 | 79 | 228 | 175* |
| Balls bowled | 21815 | 6271 | 63547 | 22899 |
| Wickets | 383 | 145 | 1172 | 612 |
| Bowling average | 28.40 | 28.54 | 27.22 | 24.94 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 27 | 0 | 59 | 3 |
| 10 wickets in match | 4 | n/a | 8 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 8/34 | 4/31 | 8/34 | 5/27 |
| Catches/stumpings | 120/– | 36/– | 354/– | 196/– |
| Source: [1], 22 August 2007 | ||||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Ian Botham | ||
| Playing position | Centre forward | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 1978–80 | Yeovil Town | 17 | (1) |
| 1980–85 | Scunthorpe United | 11 | (0) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals). |
|||
Sir Ian Terence Botham OBE (born 24 November 1955) is a former England Test cricketer and Test team captain, and current cricket commentator. He was a genuine all-rounder with 14 centuries and 383 wickets in Test cricket, and remains well-known by his nickname "Beefy".[2] While a controversial player both on and off the field at times, Botham also held a number of Test cricket records, and still holds the record for the highest number of wickets taken by an England bowler.
He is generally regarded as being England's greatest ever all-rounder, particularly in Test cricket, although having earned celebrity status, his award of a knighthood was ostensibly in recognition of his services to charity.[3]
Just like fellow cricketers Jim Cumbes and Arnold Sidebottom, Botham was also a talented footballer, and made 11 appearances in the Football League.
On 8 August 2009, Botham was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.[4]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Botham was born in Heswall on the Wirral, to Herbert Leslie Botham (who worked for Westland) and Violet Marie, née Collett (a nurse).[5] Both his parents played cricket. He went to Milford Junior School in Yeovil, Somerset, where his "love affair" with sport began, and played for Somerset Under-15s.[6] He left Bucklers Mead Comprehensive School at the age of 15 without completing his GCSEs, intent on playing cricket for Somerset, although he also had an offer to play football for Crystal Palace F.C.[7] From an early age he was always single-minded. When informed that Botham wanted to be a sportsman, the Careers Mistress at his school said to him, "Fine, everyone wants to play sport, but what are you really going to do?" (interviewed BBC Radio 4's Fiona Glover, 20 November 2010, Saturday Live).
Domestic career[link]
In his non-first-class appearances for Somerset, his bowling figures did not stand out, but there were some sizeable scores, namely 91 for the Under-25s v Glamorgan Under-25s, 82 & 42 v Cornwall, 51 v Gloucester Under-25s, 50 v Glamorgan 2nd XI and in his last game (before his 1986 comeback match) 100 against Glamorgan 2nd XI.
In first-class cricket, he scored 19,399 runs at 33.97, took 1,172 wickets at 27.22 and held 354 catches. He played for Durham, Somerset and Worcestershire, as well as a season (1987–88) in Australia playing for Queensland.
Botham began his first-class career in 1974 with Somerset. In that year, when playing against Hampshire and facing the West Indian fast bowler Andy Roberts, a bouncer hit him straight in the mouth. He spat out teeth and simply carried on.[8] In 1986 he resigned from Somerset County Cricket Club, in protest against the sacking of his friends Sir Viv Richards and Joel Garner, and joined Worcestershire, playing for that county between 1987 and 1991. In 1992, he joined County Championship newcomers Durham before retiring midway through the 1993 season, his last match being Durham's match against the visiting Australian XI.
Grade Cricket in Australia 1976/1977[link]
Only months before announcing his presence on the international scene, Botham played Grade cricket for the University of Melbourne Cricket Club during the 1976/77 Australian Domestic Season. In a season where 5 of the 15 rounds were abandoned owing to adverse weather, Botham joined up for the second half as a result of a sponsorship arranged through the TCCB by Whitbread's Brewery.[9] He was joined by Yorkshire's Graham Stevenson. Botham played 4 matches, the first of which was against Northcote in a one-day game on 8 January 1977. Brought on as first change, he finished with figures of 10.5-0-83-0 (8-ball overs). He batted at number 4 being run out for 0. The opposition wicket-keeper Richie Robinson would be an opponent in the Test arena only months later. His second match was against St Kilda, scheduled as a 2-day game over consecutive weeks. It became a one day game after the first Saturday was washed out. His analysis was 10–1–39–2. He scored a hard hit 41 in 33 minutes with five 4s. His third appearance was against Essendon CC in another 2-day game. He was the side's most successful bowler with analyses of 22.7–2–92–4 but fell for another 0 caught of leg-spinner Keith Kirby. His last match was against North Melbourne CC. He was promoted to opening the batting but was caught for 3 off Neil Majewski. His bowling analysis was 27–4–86–0 against a side that included Rohan Kanhai and Ian Chappell. Prior to this game, the match against Richmond was abandoned because of rain and the last game was also abandoned. His complete analysis was 44 runs in 4 matches at a batting average of 11, and 6 wickets at a bowling average of 51.16. Botham took one catch.
International career[link]
Botham made his Test début for England on 28 July 1977 in the Third Test against Australia, where he took five wickets for 74 runs in the first innings.[10] He went on to enjoy a Test career spanning 15 years, in which he played in 102 matches.
File:IBothamBowling.png
A graph showing Botham's Test career bowling statistics and how they have varied over time.
Botham finished his Test career with 5,200 runs at an average of 33.54, taking 383 wickets at an average of 28.40, and holding 120 catches. He is generally regarded as one of England's greatest Test players.[11] He was also England's captain for 12 Tests in 1980 and 1981. As captain of the England XI, Botham is generally considered to have been unsuccessful. His tenure was brief and under his captaincy the team achieved no wins, 8 draws and 4 losses. In his defence, 9 of his matches as captain were against the best team of that era, the West Indies, who won 12 out of the next 13 Tests played against England.
Compared with many of cricket's greatest players, most of whom were specialists, Botham's averages seem fairly ordinary but this overlooks Botham's all-rounder status, which is rarely achieved at world-class level. Of note, Botham's first 202 wickets came at 21.20 per wicket, while his final 181 cost on average 36.43 apiece;[12] the first average is one that would make Botham one of the greatest bowlers of the modern era, ranking alongside the West Indian greats Curtly Ambrose (career average 20.99), Malcolm Marshall (career average 20.94), and Joel Garner (career average 20.97), but the second average depicts a player who, as a specialist bowler, would be unable to sustain a place in many Test teams. This difference can be largely attributed to a back injury which limited Botham's bowling pace and his ability to swing the ball.
Botham's batting – although never the equal of his bowling abilities – declined as well, with a batting average of 38.80 for his first 51 Tests substantially higher than the 28.87 he managed in his last 51 Tests,[13] again a number that would be considered unsatisfactory for a specialist batsman in most Test sides. In the first 5 years of Botham's Test career, when not playing as captain, he scored 2557 runs at an average of 49.17 including 11 centuries and a highest score of 208, took 196 wickets at an average of 21.28 including nineteen 5 wicket hauls and held 50 catches.[14] Such figures denote a player who would easily maintain a place in any Test side as a specialist batsman or bowler alone. During this period his reputation as one of the leading Test all-rounders was firmly established.
He was renowned as a big-hitting batsman, though with a classical technique of playing straight, and as a fast-medium paced swing bowler who could be very effective when atmospheric conditions favoured his style.
Records[link]
Botham holds a number of Test records as an all-rounder, including being the fastest (in terms of matches) to achieve the "doubles" of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets, 2,000 runs and 200 wickets, and 3,000 runs and 300 wickets. He briefly held the world record for the greatest number of Test wickets, although his tally has subsequently been passed by several specialist bowlers. He still holds the record for the highest number of Test wickets taken by an England player (383).
Botham scored a century and took 5 wickets in an innings in the same Test match on 5 occasions; no-one else has managed this feat more than twice. In 1980, playing against India, he became the first player to score a century and take ten wickets in a Test match (Alan Davidson was the first to score 100 runs and take 10 wickets in a Test but that did not include a century).
During the 1981 Ashes, Botham set a record of six sixes in a single Ashes Test Match at Old Trafford. That record remained unbroken until 7 August 2005 when Andrew Flintoff scored five in the first innings and four in the second innings of the second Test at Edgbaston, and again until 12 September 2005, when Kevin Pietersen hit seven sixes in the second innings of the last Test at The Oval.
One Day Internationals[link]
Botham's ODI career included 116 games from 1976 to 1992. He made his debut on 26 August against the West Indies at Scarborough. He finished with a batting average of 23.21 (nine 50s, no 100s, cumulative score of 2113 runs), and a bowling average of 28.5 (strike rate 43.24, 145 wickets in total, best figures 4/31).
[edit] 1981 Ashes Tour: Botham's Ashes
In 1980 Botham had been appointed captain of the England team. However, his captaincy proved to be an unhappy one; he lost form and the team did not do well.
He resigned the captaincy after a loss and a draw in the first two Tests of the 1981 Ashes series. The resignation itself was the cause of controversy, with Sir Alec Bedser, Chairman of the TCCB selectors, making it clear after media questioning that Botham would have been fired in any event.[15] Botham himself refers to the event as his "dismissal" in his autobiography. In this Test, the Second Test played at Lord's and his last as England captain, Botham was dismissed for a pair. He returned to an embarrassed silence in the pavilion and after the previous year's events at the centenary Test, this possibly was the final straw. For the remainder of his cricket-playing career, Botham refused to acknowledge MCC members in the pavilion when playing at Lord's.[16] However, Botham subsequently accepted the honour of Honorary Life membership of MCC and his portrait (depicting him enjoying a cigar) now hangs prominently in the Long Room Bar at Lord's.
Mike Brearley, the captain whom Botham had replaced, took up the reins again for the Third Test scheduled for 16 to 21 July, at Headingley. Australia won the toss and elected to bat. They batted all day Thursday and most of Friday, declaring after tea at 401 for 9, John Dyson having made 102 and Botham having taken 6 for 95. The England openers Graham Gooch and Geoff Boycott survived the remaining few overs, and England finished the day on 7 for no wicket.
The next day, Saturday, was a disaster for England: Gooch was out in the first over of the day, and although Boycott and Brearley then attempted to dig in, they were both out before lunch. None of the other batsmen got going at all with the exception of Botham who top scored with 50 — his first half century since his first Test as captain 13 matches earlier. England were all out in the third session for 174. Australia enforced the follow-on and piled on the pressure; Gooch was out for 0 on his third ball of the first over caught by Terry Alderman off the bowling of Dennis Lillee. By the close, England had struggled to just 6 for 1, still 221 behind Australia.
By all accounts, both teams' players thought Australia would win the match; indeed the England team had enjoyed a raucous barbecue chez Botham on the Saturday evening, such was their lack of faith in a positive result. Sunday 19 July was a rest-day and the newspapers roasted the lamentable England performance. Morale was not improved by Ladbrokes offering odds of 500–1 against England winning the match, as displayed on the Headingley electronic scoreboard! Controversially, the Australian wicket-keeper Rod Marsh and opening bowler Dennis Lillee both placed bets on England to win, later claiming that 500–1 were silly (if not incredible) odds on any two-horse race.
On the Monday morning 500–1 odds began to look somewhat more ungenerous as first Brearley, then David Gower and Mike Gatting all fell cheaply reducing England to 41 for 4. Boycott was still anchored at the other end however, and he and Peter Willey added 50 runs before lunch. In the afternoon, Willey was out for 33 and England were still in deep trouble at 105 for 5 when Botham went in to bat. Matters did not improve as first Geoff Boycott and then Bob Taylor were quickly dismissed. At 135 for 7 an innings defeat looked almost certain.
When Graham Dilley joined him at the crease, Botham reportedly said, "Right then, let's have a bit of fun...". With able support from Dilley (56) and Chris Old (29), Botham hit out and by the close of play was 145 not out with Bob Willis hanging on at the other end on 1 not out. England's lead was just 124 but there remained some glimmer of hope. On the final day's play there was time for just four more runs from Botham before Willis was out and Botham was left on 149 not out. Wisden rated this innings as the 4th best of all time.[17]
Willis' far greater contribution was with the ball. After Botham took the first wicket, Willis skittled Australia out for just 111, finishing with figures of 8 for 43 – rated by Wisden as the 7th best bowling performance of all time.[18] England had won by just 18 runs. It was only the second time in history that a team following-on had won a Test match.[19]
The next Test match, at Edgbaston, looked almost as hopeless, if not hapless, from England's point of view. In a low scoring match (no-one made a score over 48), Australia needed 151 to win. At 105–5, things looked a little worrying for them, but an Australian win still seemed the most likely result. Botham then took 5 wickets for only 1 run in 28 balls to give England victory by 29 runs. Later, Brearley said that Botham had not wanted to bowl and had to be persuaded to do so.[20]
The Old Trafford Test was less of a turnaround and more of a team effort than the previous two Tests, but Botham again was England's hero hitting yet another century in what Lillee claimed to be a better innings than his Headingley heroics. Botham had joined Chris Tavaré with the score at 104–5. Botham then scored 118 in a partnership of 149 before he was dismissed. He hit six sixes in this innings, three off Lillee's bowling, two of them in the same over. Remarkably, even though he seemed to take his eye off the ball while hooking some fearsome Lillee bouncers, his sheer power and strength carried the ball over the boundary rope. In total Botham batted for 5 hours shorter than Tavaré and yet scored 40 more runs. England won that match, then drew the last one at The Oval (Botham taking 6 wickets in the first innings), and thereby winning the series 3–1. Hardly surprisingly, Botham was named Man of the Series, scoring 399 runs and taking 34 wickets.
Football career[link]
A talented footballer as well as cricketer, Botham had to choose very early in his career whether to play professional football or cricket.[21] At one point during his career, in an effort to get fit after an injury,[22] in March 1980 he joined the football club Scunthorpe United, where he played as a centre half and made 11 appearances in the Football League.[23] He also had a spell at Yeovil Town.[23]
Controversy[link]
Botham often courted controversy and was suspended briefly in 1986 for smoking cannabis[24] and was allegedly accused of racism and ball tampering by Imran Khan.[25] This would become the subject of a court case later on, one that Imran Khan would go on to win. Botham was liable for all expenses in the court case in the ruling, even those incurred by Imran Khan.[26] He also fell out publicly with other players, including fellow England opener Geoff Boycott, Somerset captain Peter Roebuck, and Australian batsman Ian Chappell, with whom he had an altercation in an Adelaide Oval car park during the 2010–11 Ashes series.[27][28][29][30][31] His private life has also made occasional dramatic appearances in Britain's tabloid newspapers, with at least one extramarital affair prompting a public apology to his wife Kathy.[32] Botham was also sacked from the Queensland team after being arrested for assault of a fellow airline passenger.[33]
Charity walks[link]
Botham has been a prodigious fundraiser for charitable causes, undertaking a total of 12 long-distance charity walks. His first, in 1985, was a 900-mile trek from John o' Groats to Land's End. His efforts were inspired after a visit to Taunton's Musgrove Park Hospital whilst receiving treatment for a broken toe; when he took a wrong turn into a children's ward, he was devastated to learn that some of the children had only weeks to live, and why.[34] Since then, his efforts have raised more than £12 million for charity, with Leukaemia Research among the causes to benefit.[35]
Honours[link]
- 2010 Botham was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Lincoln.
- 2008 Botham was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Sports Science by Leeds Metropolitan University.[36]
- 2008 Botham was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of Bath.
- 2007 Botham was honoured as Knight Bachelor by HM Government in the Queen's Birthday Honours, again in recognition of his cricket achievements and his sustained efforts in raising money for Leukaemia research (see above).[37] He was knighted by HM The Queen at Buckingham Palace on 10 October 2007
- 2004 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award.
- 2003 First ever President of Leukaemia Research, the UK's leading blood cancer charity.
- 1992 Botham was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to cricket and for his charity work in the Queen's Birthday Honours.[38]
- 1988 Awarded Pipe Smoker of the Year
- 1981 Voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year.
- 1978 Elected one of Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year.
Test centuries and five-wicket innings[link]
Botham achieved the double of making a century and taking 5 wickets in an innings in the same Test match 5 times. Only three other players have achieved this feat more than once: Sir Gary Sobers, Mushtaq Mohammad and Jacques Kallis, who have each done it twice.[39] He is the only man to have made a century and take 8 wickets in an innings in the same Test match, 108 and 8/34 against Pakistan at Lord's in 1978. Botham was also the first of only two men to make a century and take 10 wickets in the same Test match, the other being Imran Khan. Botham did this in the Centenary Test in Bombay in 1979–80 (114, 6/58 and 7/48), the last match before he became England captain. In the 25 Tests he played before he became captain he made 6 centuries and took 5 wickets in an innings 14 times, including 10 in a match 3 times, an astonishing record.
| Ian Botham's 14 Test Centuries and 27 Test Five Wickets Hauls | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | 100s | No | 5 Wt | Test | Opponents | Season | Venue | City | Country | Result | ||
| 1 | 5/75 | Third Test |  Australia |
1977 | Trent Bridge | Nottingham | England | England won by 7 wickets | ||||
| 2 | 5/21 | Fourth Test | Australia |
1977 | Headingley Stadium | Leeds | England | England won by an innings and 85 runs | ||||
| 1 | 103 | 3 | 5/73 | Second Test |  New Zealand |
1977–78 | Lancaster Park | Christchurch | New Zealand | England won by 174 runs | ||
| 4 | 5/109 | Third Test | New Zealand |
1977–78 | Eden Park | Auckland | New Zealand | Match Drawn | ||||
| 2 | 100 | First Test |  Pakistan |
1978 | Edgbaston Cricket Ground | Birmingham | England | England won by an innings and 57 runs | ||||
| 3 | 108 | 5 | 8/34 | Second Test | Pakistan |
1978 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | England won by an innings and 120 runs | ||
| 6 | 6/34 | Second Test | New Zealand |
1978 | Trent Bridge | Nottingham | England | England won by and innings an 119 runs | ||||
| 7 8 |
6/101 5/39 |
Third Test | New Zealand |
1978 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | England won by 7 wickets | ||||
| 9 | 5/70 | First Test |  India |
1979 | Edgbaston Cricket Ground | Birmingham | England | England won by an innings and 83 runs | ||||
| 10 | 5/35 | Second Test | India |
1979 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 4 | 137 | Third Test | India |
1979 | Headingley Stadium | Leeds | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 11 12 |
6/78 5/98 |
First Test | Australia |
1979–80 | WACA Ground | Perth | Australia | Australia won by 138 runs | ||||
| 5 | 119* | Third Test | Australia |
1979–80 | Melbourne Cricket Ground | Melbourne | Australia | Australia won by 8 wickets | ||||
| 6 | 114 | 13 14 |
6/58 7/48 |
Centenary Test | India |
1979–80 | Wankhede Stadium | Bombay | India | England won by 10 wickets | ||
| 7 | 149* | 15 | 6/95 | Third Test | Australia |
1981 | Headingley Stadium | Leeds | England | England won by 18 runs | ||
| 16 | 5/11 | Fourth Test | Australia |
1981 | Edgbaston Cricket Ground | Birmingham | England | England won by 29 runs | ||||
| 8 | 118 | Fifth Test | Australia |
1981 | Old Trafford Cricket Ground | Manchester | England | England won by 103 runs | ||||
| 17 | 6/125 4/128 |
Sixth Test | Australia |
1981 | Kennington Oval | London | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 18 | 5/61 | First Test | India |
1981–82 | Wankhede Stadium | Bombay | India | India won by 138 runs | ||||
| 9 | 142 | Sixth Test | India |
1981–82 | Modi Stadium | Kanpur | India | Match Drawn | ||||
| 19 | 5/46 | First Test | India |
1982 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | England won by 7 wickets | ||||
| 10 | 128 | Second Test | India |
1982 | Old Trafford Cricket Ground | Manchester | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 11 | 208 | Third Test | India |
1982 | Kennington Oval | London | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 20 | 5/74 | Third Test | Pakistan |
1982 | Headingley Stadium | Leeds | England | England won by 3 wickets | ||||
| 12 | 103 | Fourth Test | New Zealand |
1983 | Trent Bridge | Nottingham | England | England won by 165 runs | ||||
| 13 | 138 | 21 | 5/59 | First Test | New Zealand |
1983–84 | Basin Reserve | Wellington | New Zealand | Match Drawn | ||
| 22 | 8/103 | Second Test |  West Indies |
1984 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | West Indies won by 9 wickets | ||||
| 23 | 5/72 | Fifth Test | West Indies |
1984 | Kennington Oval | London | England | West Indies won by 172 runs | ||||
| 24 | 6/90 | First Test |  Sri Lanka |
1984 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | Match Drawn | ||||
| 25 | 5/109 | Second Test | Australia |
1985 | Lord's Cricket Ground | London | England | Australia won by 4 wickets | ||||
| 26 | 5/71 | Fourth Test | West Indies |
1985–86 | Queen's Park Oval | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago | West Indies won by 10 wickets | ||||
| 14 | 138 | First Test | Australia |
1986–87 | Brisbane Cricket Ground | Brisbane | Australia | England won by 7 wickets | ||||
| 27 | 5/41 | Fourth Test | Australia |
1986–87 | Melbourne Cricket Ground | Melbourne | Australia | England won by an innings and 14 runs | ||||
Personal life[link]
In 1976, in the Borough of Doncaster, Botham married Kathryn Waller (Kathy, now Lady Botham) whom he first met in June 1974. After their marriage, they lived until the late 1980s in Epworth, near Scunthorpe. They have two daughters Becky (born November 1985) and Sarah, and a son Liam (born August 1977). Sarah works for Sky as a production assistant, and Liam was a professional cricketer and rugby player, before becoming a commentator for Sky Sports. Sir Ian and Kathy, their son and daughter-in-law (and their three children) all live in Ravensworth in North Yorkshire. Botham is an enthusiastic football fan and supports Sunderland,[40] Chelsea and Rangers. Botham is also a supporter of the Conservative Party.[41]
Botham is colourblind.[42]
Publications[link]
- Botham, Ian (September 1994). My Autobiography: Don't Tell Kath....
- Botham, Ian (October 2007). Head On – Ian Botham: The Autobiography. Ebury Press. ISBN 978-0-09-192148-4.
- Former cricketer Ian Botham talks to Sir David Frost about his new autobiography "Head on".
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Ian Botham". espncricinfo. http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/9163.html. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
- ^ Adams, Christopher (16 June 2007). "'Sir Beefy' leads cast of nearly 1,000". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/02c82326-1b75-11dc-bc55-000b5df10621.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/archive/2004/08/06/The+North+East+Archive/6982046.Bothams_rocked_by_jewellery_break_in/
- ^ "Botham, Boycott, Trueman inducted into ICC Hall of Fame". The Times of India. 9 August 2009. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-08-09/top-stories/28212639_1_icc-cricket-hall-first-class-cricket-test-cricket. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
- ^ Barratt, Nick (15 December 2007). "Family detective: Sir Ian Botham". Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/education/2007/12/15/fadet115.xml. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Botham, Ian (1994). "A Bouncing Baby Botham". Botham: My Autobiography. CollinsWillow. pp. 36–37. ISBN 0-00-218316-1.
- ^ "Ian Botham quotes". Brainy Quote. http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/i/ian_botham.html. Retrieved 27 August 2009.
- ^ Botham, Ian (1 October 2007). "Andy Roberts gave me chance to display my staggering capabilities". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/cricket/article2562864.ece. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Doust (1981), p. 50.
- ^ "3rd Test: England v Australia at Nottingham, Jul 28-Aug 2, 1977". espncricinfo. http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63192.html. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
- ^ "Ashes Legends XI". BBC Sport. 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/shared/spl/hi/cricket/02/ashes/legends/html/botham.stm. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "IT Botham – Test Bowling – Cumulative career averages". Cricinfo. http://statserver.cricket.org/guru?sdb=player;playerid=1529;class=testplayer;filter=basic;team=0;opposition=0;notopposition=0;season=0;homeaway=0;continent=0;country=0;notcountry=0;groundid=0;startdefault=1977-07-28;start=1977-07-28;enddefault=1992-06-21;end=1992-06-21;tourneyid=0;finals=0;daynight=0;toss=0;scheduledovers=0;scheduleddays=0;innings=0;result=0;followon=0;seriesresult=0;captain=0;keeper=0;dnp=0;recent=;runslow=;runshigh=;batposition=0;dismissal=0;viewtype=bow_cumulative;bowposition=0;ballslow=;ballshigh=;bpof=0;overslow=;overshigh=;conclow=;conchigh=;wicketslow=;wicketshigh=;dismissalslow=;dismissalshigh=;caughtlow=;caughthigh=;caughttype=0;stumpedlow=;stumpedhigh=;csearch=;submit=1;.cgifields=viewtype. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "IT Botham – Test Batting – Cumulative career averages". Cricinfo. http://statserver.cricket.org/guru?sdb=player;playerid=1529;class=testplayer;filter=basic;team=0;opposition=0;notopposition=0;season=0;homeaway=0;continent=0;country=0;notcountry=0;groundid=0;startdefault=1977-07-28;start=1977-07-28;enddefault=1992-06-21;end=1992-06-21;tourneyid=0;finals=0;daynight=0;toss=0;scheduledovers=0;scheduleddays=0;innings=0;result=0;followon=0;seriesresult=0;captain=0;keeper=0;dnp=0;recent=;viewtype=bat_cumulative;runslow=;runshigh=;batposition=0;dismissal=0;bowposition=0;ballslow=;ballshigh=;bpof=0;overslow=;overshigh=;conclow=;conchigh=;wicketslow=;wicketshigh=;dismissalslow=;dismissalshigh=;caughtlow=;caughthigh=;caughttype=0;stumpedlow=;stumpedhigh=;csearch=;submit=1;.cgifields=viewtype. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "IT Botham – Test career all-round analysis". Cricinfo. http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/9163.html?captain=0;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=default;spanmax1=28+Jul+1982;spanval1=span;template=results;type=allround. Retrieved 4 May 2009.
- ^ BBC video "Botham's Ashes" interview with Alec Bedser
- ^ Sir Elton John www.bbc.co.uk
- ^ "Top 100 Batsmen of all time". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2001/jul/30bat100.htm. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "Top 100 Bowlers of all time". Rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/cricket/2001/jul/30bow100.htm. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Martin-Jenkins, Christopher. "The great escape". Cricinfo. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/253926.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ BBC video "Botham's Ashes" interview with Mike Brearley
- ^ "TF90M Exclusive Interview with England's Greatest Cricketer Sir Ian Botham". TF90M. http://www.thefirst90minutes.com/20081028107/football-interviews/tf90m-exclusive-interview-with-englands-greatest-cricketer-sir-ian-botham.html. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
- ^ Ridge, Joe (11 August 2010). "Rugby star to football player? Dream on, Danny Cipriani! Or maybe not... remember the great sporting all-rounders Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-1302182/Rugby-star-football-player-Dream-Danny-Cipriani-Or-maybe--remember-great-sporting-rounders.html#ixzz1aDfieirw". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-1302182/Rugby-star-football-player-Dream-Danny-Cipriani-Or-maybe--remember-great-sporting-rounders.html. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
- ^ a b Hugman, Barry J. (2005). The PFA Premier & Football League Players' Records 1946–2005. Queen Anne Press. p. 71. ISBN 1-85291-665-6.
- ^ Mackay, Duncan (2 July 2006). "Caborn attacked on plan to ease dope rules". The Guardian (UK). http://sport.guardian.co.uk/news/story/0,,1970796,00.html. Retrieved 27 December 2006.
- ^ Adams, Tim (13 December 2006). "The path of Khan". The Observer (UK). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1807210,00.html. Retrieved 27 December 2006.
- ^ Moyes, Jojo (1 August 1996). "Imran wins!". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/botham-and-lamb-bowled-over-by-defeat-in-pounds-500000-high-court-test-1307606.html. Retrieved 25 June 2011.
- ^ "The Ashes 2010: Sir Ian Botham and Ian Chappell clash in Adelaide car park". The Telegraph (London). 7 December 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/theashes/8185931/The-Ashes-2010-Sir-Ian-Botham-and-Ian-Chappell-clash-in-Adelaide-car-park.html. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
- ^ Mitchell, Kevin (2007-12). "Botham v Chappell: time for a drink". Cricinfo. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/current/story/321663.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Williamson, Martin (10 February 2007). "The feud that rumbles on". Cricinfo. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/279775.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Williamson, Martin (3 February 2007). "'What have you done, what have you done?'". Cricinfo. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/columns/content/story/278631.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "Player Profile: Peter Roebuck". Cricinfo. http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/columns/content/player/19456.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "Sporting kiss and tell's". [sic] The Observer (London). 8 May 2005. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1476497,00.html. Retrieved 27 December 2006.
- ^ "'The officer gave me a bat to sign, then he charged me with assault'". The Observer (UK). 2 February 2005. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,1404052,00.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Brett, Oliver (15 June 2007). "A lionheart on and off the pitch". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/6757911.stm. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ Sir Ian starts anniversary charity walk in Manchester
- ^ "Botham receives honorary degree". BBC News. 25 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_yorkshire/7524789.stm. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "Ian Botham knighted in Birthday Honours". 16 June 2007. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/england/content/current/story/298185.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 52952. p. 9. 12 June 1992. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
- ^ "Century and Five Wickets in an Innings in a Test Match". Cricket Archive. http://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Records/Tests/All_Round/Allround_Innings_Double.html. Retrieved 28 August 2009.
- ^ "Botham Trains", The Times, 27 September 1988
- ^ http://www.people.co.uk/news/tm_headline=celebrity-x-factor&method=full&objectid=22143891&siteid=93463-name_page.html
- ^ Bremner, Charles; Robertson, David (3 October 2007). "Sir Ian Botham has the looks the build and the accent to be the next James Bond". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/serialisations/article2577765.ece.
Bibliography[link]
- Doust, Dudley (1981). Ian Botham. St Albans, Hertfordshire: Granada. ISBN 0-583-13452-1.
External links[link]
- Debrett's People of Today
- Ian Botham photos, biography & statistics at sporting-heroes.net
- Player profile: Ian Botham from ESPNcricinfo
- All Rounders at Cricket Archive
- Ian Botham at Cricket Archive
- Ian Botham at the Internet Movie Database
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Brian Rose |
Somerset County Cricket Captain 1984–1985 |
Succeeded by Peter Roebuck |
| Preceded by Mike Brearley |
English national cricket captain 1980–1981 |
Succeeded by Mike Brearley |
| Records | ||
| Preceded by Dennis Lillee |
World Record – Most Career Wickets in Test cricket 373 wickets (27.86) in 94 Tests Held record 21 August 1986 to 12 November 1988 |
Succeeded by Richard Hadlee |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Botham, Ian |
| Alternative names | Sir Ian Botham OBE |
| Short description | Professional cricketer |
| Date of birth | 1955-11-24 |
| Place of birth | Heswall, Cheshire |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ian_Botham
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ian Botham
http://de.wn.com/Ian Botham
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Botham
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Portuguese footballer. For the Brazilian footballer, see Ronaldo. For other people named Ronaldo, see Ronaldo (name).
"CR7" redirects here. For other uses, see CR7 (disambiguation).
This name uses Portuguese naming customs. The first or maternal family name is dos Santos and the second or paternal family name is Aveiro.
 Ronaldo playing for Real Madrid |
|||
| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro | ||
| Date of birth | (1985-02-05) 5 February 1985 (age 27) | ||
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal | ||
| Height | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[1] | ||
| Playing position | Forward | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Real Madrid | ||
| Number | 7 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 1993–1995 | Andorinha | ||
| 1995–1997 | Nacional | ||
| 1997–2002 | Sporting CP | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2002–2003 | Sporting CP | 25 | (3) |
| 2003–2009 | Manchester United | 196 | (84) |
| 2009– | Real Madrid | 101 | (112) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2001–2002 | Portugal U17 | 9 | (6) |
| 2003 | Portugal U20 | 5 | (1) |
| 2002–2003 | Portugal U21 | 6 | (3) |
| 2004 | Portugal U23 | 3 | (1) |
| 2003– | Portugal | 89 | (32) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 19:00, 13 May 2012 (UTC). † Appearances (Goals). |
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Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro,[2] OIH, (born 5 February 1985),[3] commonly known as Cristiano Ronaldo, is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a winger or striker for Spanish La Liga club Real Madrid and is the captain of the Portuguese national team. Ronaldo became the most expensive footballer in history after moving from Manchester United to Real Madrid in a transfer worth £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million). In addition, his contract with Real Madrid, in which he is paid €12 million per year, makes him one of the highest-paid footballers in the world,[4] and his buyout clause is valued at €1 billion as per his contract.[5]
Ronaldo began his career as a youth player for Andorinha, where he played for two years, before moving to C.D. Nacional. In 1997, he made a move to Portuguese giants Sporting Clube de Portugal. Ronaldo's precocious talent caught the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, who signed him for £12.24 million (€15 million) in 2003. The following season, Ronaldo won his first club honour, the FA Cup. He also played at Euro 2004 with Portugal and scored his first international goal in the opening game of the tournament against Greece, in addition to helping Portugal reach the final. He was featured in the UEFA Euro All-Star Team of this competition.
Ronaldo was the first player to win all four main PFA and FWA awards, doing so in 2007. He was third in the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year award and second in the 2007 Ballon d'Or award. In 2008, Ronaldo won the Champions League with United, was named best forward and player of the tournament and was the competition's top goalscorer as well as winning the European Golden Shoe, becoming the first winger to do so, and topping the Premier League Golden Boot award. He won three of the four main PFA and FWA trophies, only missing the PFA Young Player of the Year, and was named the FIFPro, World Soccer, Onze d'Or,[6][7][8] and the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to becoming Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or winner in 40 years.[9] Ronaldo holds the distinction of being the first player to win the FIFA Puskás Award, in 2009, an honour handed by FIFA to the best goal of the year. He scored that goal from 40 yards out against Porto in a UEFA Champions League quarter-final match, while playing for Manchester United.[10] Three-time Ballon d'Or winner Johan Cruyff said in an interview on 2 April 2008, "Ronaldo is better than George Best and Denis Law, who were two brilliant and great players in the history of United."[11] He was second in the 2009 FIFA World Player of the Year award and also second in the 2009 Ballon d'Or award.
After moving to Real Madrid in 2009, in his second season, Ronaldo became the highest goalscorer in a season in the history of Real Madrid with 53 goals, surpassing the club's previous high of 49 by Ferenc Puskás. During this season Ronaldo broke the record of most goals ever scored in a season in La Liga with 40, surpassing Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's mark (38 goals) established in 1951 and 1990, respectively. Ronaldo also broke Zarra's record of most goals per minute, with a goal scored every 70.7 minutes. The newspaper Marca, the official deliverer of the Pichichi Trophy (the top La Liga goalscorer award), claimed that Ronaldo scored 41 goals (Marca assigned one more goal to Ronaldo than La Liga, which attributed it to Pepe). By doing so, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different championships. He was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 24 March 2012, with the first of two goals scored in the match against Real Sociedad, Ronaldo became the fastest La Liga player to score 100 goals in the league.[12] Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season in the 2011–12 season; by doing so, he became first player to reach 40 goals in a single season in two consecutive years in any of the top European leagues. On 13 May 2012, the last matchday, Ronaldo scored against Mallorca which made him the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga.[13] He finished the season with 60 goals in every competition, breaking the Real Madrid record he had set the previous season.
Ronaldo has been described as a skillful winger who will take on any defender with his dribbling and pace; he hits his free kicks with power and pace, and is able to beat defenders off the dribble and cross the ball. He is able to score with his head and feet.[14]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ronaldo was born in Santo António, a neighbourhood of Funchal, Madeira, the youngest child of Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, a cook, and José Dinis Aveiro, a municipal gardener.[15] His second given name "Ronaldo" was chosen after then-U.S. president Ronald Reagan, who was his father's favourite actor. He has one older brother, Hugo, and two older sisters, Elma and Liliana Cátia.[3] His great-grandmother Isabel da Piedade was from Cape Verde.[16]
Club career[link]
Early career[link]
At the age of eight, Ronaldo played for amateur team Andorinha, where his father was the kit man. In 1995, Ronaldo signed with local club Nacional, and, after a title-winning campaign, he went on a three-day trial with Sporting CP, who subsequently signed him for an undisclosed sum.[17]
Sporting Clube de Portugal[link]
Ronaldo joined Sporting's other youth players who trained at the Academia Sporting, the club's football academy, in Alcochete. He became the only player ever to play for Sporting's under-16, under-17, under-18, B-team, and the first team, all within one season.[18] He scored two goals in his league debut on 7 October 2002, which Sporting CP won 3–0 against Moreirense, while featuring for Portugal in the 2002 European Under-17 Championship.[19]
At the age of 15 Ronaldo was diagnosed with a racing heart, a condition that might have forced him to give up playing football. The Sporting staff were made aware of the condition and Ronaldo's mother gave her authorisation for him to go into hospital. While there, he had an operation in which a laser was used to cauterise the area of his heart that was causing the problem. The surgery took place in the morning and Ronaldo was discharged from hospital by the end of the afternoon; he resumed training only a few days later.[20]
In November 2002, Ronaldo was invited to Arsenal's training ground, London Colney to meet manager Arsène Wenger and his coaching staff.[21] Wenger, who was interested in signing the midfielder had arranged to meet Ronaldo's representatives, Formation (who suggested the player originally to Gérard Houllier, then Liverpool's manager) in the subsequent months to discuss a transfer arrangement.[22] However he came to the attention of Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson in the summer of 2003, when Sporting defeated United 3–1 in the inauguration of the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon. Ronaldo's performance impressed the Manchester United players, who urged Ferguson to sign him.[23]
Manchester United[link]
2003–2006[link]
Ronaldo became Manchester United's first-ever Portuguese player when he signed for €15 million[24] (£12.24 million) after the 2002–03 season.[25] He requested the number 28 (his number at Sporting), as he did not want the pressure of living up to the expectation linked to the number 7 shirt, which had previously been worn by players such as George Best, Bryan Robson, Eric Cantona, and David Beckham. "After I joined, the manager asked me what number I'd like. I said 28. But Ferguson said 'No, you're going to have No. 7,' and the famous shirt was an extra source of motivation. I was forced to live up to such an honour."[26]
Ronaldo made his team debut as a 60th-minute substitute in a 4–0 home victory over Bolton Wanderers. He scored his first goal for Manchester United with a free kick in a 3–0 win over Portsmouth on 1 November 2003. Ronaldo ended his first season in English football by scoring the opening goal in United's 3–0 FA Cup final victory over Millwall.[27]
He scored United's 1000th Premier League goal on 29 October 2005 in a 4–1 loss to Middlesbrough.[28] He scored ten goals in all competitions, and fans voted him to his first FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award in 2005.
He was sent off in the Manchester derby at the City of Manchester Stadium on 14 January 2006 (a game which United lost 3–1) for kicking City's former United player Andrew Cole.[29]
Ronaldo won his second trophy in English football in the 2005–06 season, scoring the third goal in Manchester United's 4–0 Football League Cup final victory over Wigan Athletic.[30]
2006–2009[link]
The 2006–2007 season proved to be the breakout year for Ronaldo, as he broke the 20 goal barrier for the first time and picked up his first league title with Manchester United.
In November and December 2006, Ronaldo received consecutive Barclays Player of the Month honours, becoming only the third player in Premier League history to do so after Dennis Bergkamp in 1997 and Robbie Fowler in 1996.[31][32] He scored his 50th Manchester United goal against city rivals Manchester City on 5 May 2007 as United claimed their first Premier League title in four years, and he was voted into his second consecutive FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year award at the end of the year.
Despite rumours circulating in March 2007 that Real Madrid were willing to pay an unprecedented €80 million (£54 million) for Ronaldo,[33] he signed a five-year, £120,000-a-week (£31 million total) extension with United on 13 April, making him the highest-paid player in team history.[34][35]
Ronaldo amassed a host of personal awards for the season. He won the PFA Players' Player of the Year and PFA Young Player of the Year awards, joining Andy Gray (in 1977) as the only players to receive this honour.[36] In April, he completed the treble by winning the PFA Fans' Player of the Year. Ronaldo was also one of eight Manchester United players named in the 2006–07 PFA Premier League Team of the Year.
Ronaldo's 2007–08 season began with a red card for a headbutt on Portsmouth player Richard Hughes during United's second match of the season, for which he was punished with a three-match ban.[37] Ronaldo said he had "learned a lot" from the experience and would not let players "provoke" him in the future.[38] After scoring the only goal in a Champions League away match against Sporting, Ronaldo also scored the injury-time winner in the return fixture as Manchester United topped their Champions League group.[39]
He finished as the runner-up to Kaká for the 2007 Ballon d'Or,[40] and was third in the running for the FIFA World Player of the Year award, behind Kaká and Lionel Messi.[41]
Ronaldo scored his first hat trick for Manchester United in a 6–0 win against Newcastle United at Old Trafford on 12 January 2008, bringing Manchester United up to the top of the Premier League table.[42] He scored his twenty-third league goal of the season in a 2–0 win against Reading, equalling his entire total for the 2006–07 season.[43] During a 1–1 Champions League first knockout round draw against Lyon on 20 February, an unidentified Lyon supporter continuously aimed a green laser at Ronaldo and United teammate Nani, prompting an investigation by UEFA.[44] One month later, Lyon were fined CHF5,000 (£2,427) for the incident.[45]
On 19 March 2008, Ronaldo captained United for the first time in his career in a home win over Bolton, scoring both goals in the 2–0 victory.[46] The second of the goals was his 33rd of the campaign, which set a new club single-season scoring record by a midfielder and thus topped George Best's forty-year-old total of 32 goals in the 1967–68 season.[47] Ronaldo scored another brace in a 4–0 win over Aston Villa on 29 March, which at the time gave him 35 goals in 37 domestic and European matches as both a starter and substitute. Ronaldo's scoring streak was rewarded with his becoming the first winger to win the 2007–08 European Golden Shoe, finishing eight points ahead of Mallorca's Dani Güiza.[48]
In the 2007–08 Champions League final on 21 May against league rivals Chelsea, Ronaldo scored the opening goal after 26 minutes, which was negated by a Chelsea equaliser in the 45th minute as the match ended 1–1 after extra time. His misfire in the penalty shoot-out put Chelsea in position to win the trophy, but John Terry shot wide right after slipping on the pitch surface, and Manchester United emerged victorious 6–5 on penalties. Ronaldo was named the UEFA Fans' Man of the Match,[49] and wrapped up the campaign with a career-high 42 goals in all competitions, falling four short of Denis Law's team-record mark of 46 in the 1963–64 season.
On 5 June 2008, Sky Sports reported that Ronaldo had expressed an interest in moving to Real Madrid if they offered him the same amount of money the team had allegedly promised him earlier in the year.[50] Manchester United filed a tampering complaint with FIFA on 9 June over Madrid's alleged pursuit of Ronaldo, but FIFA declined to take any action.[51][52] Speculation that a transfer would happen continued until 6 August, when Ronaldo confirmed that he would stay at United for at least another year.[53]
Ronaldo underwent ankle surgery at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 7 July.[54] He returned to action on 17 September in United's UEFA Champions League goalless group-stage draw with Villarreal as a substitute for Park Ji-Sung,[55] and scored his first overall goal of the season in a 3–1 League Cup third round win over Middlesbrough on 24 September.
In a 5–0 win over Stoke City on 15 November 2008, Ronaldo scored his 100th and 101st goals in all competitions for Manchester United, both from free kicks.[56] The goals also meant that Ronaldo had now scored against each of the other 19 teams in the Premier League at the time.[57] On 2 December, Ronaldo became Manchester United's first Ballon d'Or recipient since George Best in 1968. He finished with 446 points, 165 ahead of runner-up Lionel Messi.[58] He was awarded the Silver Ball after finishing with two goals as United won the Club World Cup on 19 December.[59]
On 8 January 2009, Ronaldo was uninjured in a single-car accident in which he wrote off his Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano in a tunnel along the A538 near Manchester Airport. A breathalyser test he gave to police officers at the scene was negative, and he attended training later that morning.[60] Four days later, he became the first Premier League player ever to be named the FIFA World Player of the Year, in addition to being the first Portuguese player to win the award since Luís Figo in 2001.[61]
Ronaldo scored his first Champions League goal of the season, and first since the final against Chelsea, in a 2–0 victory over Internazionale that sent United into the quarter-finals.[62] In the second leg against Porto, Ronaldo scored a 40-yard game-winning goal as United advanced to the semi-finals. He later called it the best goal he had ever scored.[63][64] Ronaldo participated in his second consecutive Champions League final, but made little impact in United's 2–0 loss to Barcelona. He finished with 53 appearances in all competitions, which was four higher than the previous year, but scored sixteen fewer goals (26) than his career-best total of 42 from the previous season.
On 11 June, Manchester United accepted an unconditional offer of £80 million from Real Madrid for Ronaldo after it was revealed that he again had expressed his desire to leave the club.[65] It was confirmed by a representative of the Glazer family that the sale was fully condoned by Ferguson.[66] When Ronaldo had eventually completed his transfer to Real, he expressed his gratitude towards Ferguson for helping him develop as a player, saying, "He's been my father in sport, one of the most important factors and most influential in my career."[67]
Real Madrid[link]
2009–10 season[link]
On 26 June 2009, Real Madrid confirmed that Ronaldo would join the club on 1 July 2009 from Manchester United for £80 million (€93.9 million/$131.6 million),[68] after agreeing terms and signing a six-year contract.[69] Ronaldo's contract is worth €11 million per year[4] and it has a €1 billion buy-out clause.[70] He was presented to the world media as a Real Madrid player on 6 July,[71] where he was handed the number 9 jersey.[72] The shirt was presented to him by Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stéfano.[73] Ronaldo was welcomed by 80,000 fans at his presentation at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, surpassing Diego Maradona's record of 75,000 fans when he was presented in Italy, after he was transferred from Barcelona to Napoli in 1984.[74]
Ronaldo made his Madrid debut on 21 July in a 1–0 win over Shamrock Rovers. His first goal came one week later with a penalty in Madrid's 4–2 win over LDU Quito.[75] On 29 August, Ronaldo capped his La Liga debut with a goal, scoring Real's second from the penalty spot in a 3–2 home win against Deportivo La Coruña.[76] On 15 September, Ronaldo scored two free-kicks in a 5–2 away victory over Zürich, his first Champions League goals for Real.[77] He broke a Madrid club record when he scored in a league match against Villarreal and thus became the first ever player to score in his first four La Liga appearances.[78]
An ankle injury suffered on 10 October, while Ronaldo was on international duty with Portugal against Hungary,[79] kept him out until 25 November, which in turn caused him to miss both of Madrid's Champions League group stage matches against Milan. Ronaldo made his first post-injury start in a 1–0 El Clásico defeat to Barcelona on 29 November. On 6 December, he was sent off for the first time in his Madrid career in Madrid's 4–2 victory against Almería, a match which also saw him miss a penalty. He was carded first for removing his shirt during a goal celebration, then for kicking out at an opponent three minutes later.[80] On 5 May 2010 Ronaldo scored his first Real Madrid hat-trick in an away game against Mallorca. Ronaldo and Gonzalo Higuaín scored 53 league goals during the course of the season and became Real's highest scoring league duo in their history.[81]
2010–11 season[link]
With the departure of Raúl during the summer of 2010, Ronaldo was handed the No. 7 jersey for Real Madrid.[82] On 23 October 2010, Ronaldo scored four goals against Racing de Santander,[83] the most goals he has ever scored in a single match.[84] This completed a goalscoring run of six consecutive matches (three in La Liga, one in the Champions League, and two for Portugal) in which Ronaldo scored in each match, totalling 11 goals, which is the most Ronaldo has scored in a single month. Before Real Madrid's 5–0 defeat by Barcelona at the Camp Nou, Ronaldo scored his second La Liga hat-trick of the season in a 5–1 win over Athletic Bilbao.[85] His final match of the calendar year saw him score a hat-trick in a 8–0 trashing of Levante in the Copa del Rey.[86]
Ronaldo began the 2011 with a very promising outlook, especially after Real Madrid acknowledged he had broken numerous goalscoring records, previously settled and held by classic players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Hugo Sánchez, and Manuel Alday.[87][88] Ronaldo began his scoring spree by scoring two vital goals in a tight 3–2 victory away to Getafe.[89] He then consolidated his massive performances by scoring a hat-trick and assisting Kaká to score his first league goal after his return from injury, in a 4–2 victory over Villarreal on 9 January. One game away from the middle of the season, Ronaldo had a very clear chance of breaking Telmo Zarra's and Hugo Sánchez's record of 38 League goals in a single season, since he was the league's top scorer with 22 goals, above Lionel Messi.[90][91] However, shortly after, Ronaldo experienced the biggest goal drought in his entire career, scoring only 2 goals in more than a month. During this period, Real Madrid acknowledged to have hit the crossbar more than 12 times in the season, most of the shots belonging to Ronaldo and almost all having happened during crucial moments in drawn matches.[92] Ronaldo then made a massive comeback by scoring a hat-trick in a 7–0 trashing of Málaga on 3 March 2011, but was affected by a muscle injury at the end of the match, which forced him to spend 10 days on the sidelines.
In April he made another massive comeback from injury, sustaining a three-game scoring streak (including 2 goals in Champions League quarter-finals against Tottenham Hotspur), thus arriving to the first of a historical series of four El Clásico encounters two goals short of breaking his personal record of 42 goals in all competitions in a single season, achieved at Manchester United in the 2007–08 season.
During the second league edition of El Clásico, Ronaldo scored from the penalty spot and took his tally to 41 goals, also taking his scoring streak to four games. On 20 April, Ronaldo scored the winning goal against Barcelona in the 103rd minute of the Copa del Rey final.[93] This goal would later be chosen as both Ronaldo's and Real Madrid's best goal in the season by several fan polls, including those of Marca[94] and Real Madrid's website.[95] 7 May saw Real travel to the Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán to take on Sevilla, where Ronaldo led the thrashing of a woeful Andalusian side, scoring four goals in a 6–2 victory. These four goals took him to 46 for the season which surpassed his previous record of 42 in a season playing for Manchester United.[96] Three days later he reached 49 goals for the season, by scoring another hat-trick in a 4–0 home win against Getafe. On 15 May, after scoring two free-kick goals in a 3–1 win over Villarreal, he equalled the La Liga record with most goals in a season with 38, a record previously held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez.
On 21 May, he scored two goals in the last league match of the season against Almería, taking his Pichichi total to 41, and La Liga total to 40, becoming the first and only player to score 40 goals in a La Liga season. By doing this, he won the European Golden Shoe award once again, becoming the first player to win the trophy in two different leagues. The sports newspaper Marca, who awards the Pichichi Trophy, included the goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad in Ronaldo's goal count, which had been officially attributed to Pepe.[97] Should this goal be granted to Ronaldo, his goal count in the Pichichi Trophy would tally 41 goals. However, regardless of this goal polemic, Ronaldo's record-breaking figures became a source of major attention from public media, such as being included in the Sports Illustrated World XI,[98] rating him as one of the world's best footballers. Accounting for all competitions, Ronaldo ended the season with a total of 53 goals (not granting him the controversial goal from Pepe), having scored 25 goals with his right foot (excluding free-kicks and penalty-kicks) and 9 with his left foot.[99]
2011–12 season[link]
Real Madrid's pre-season began with a 4–1 victory over MLS team Los Angeles Galaxy,[100] with goals from Callejón, Joselu, Ronaldo, and Benzema.[101] Four days later Ronaldo scored a second half hat-trick in a 3–0 win against Guadalajara. Ronaldo's preseason performance was highly praised as world media kept hailing Ronaldo's extreme competitiveness and motivation, even during friendly matches. On 17 August 2011, Ronaldo scored his 100th goal with Real Madrid with a first-half equalizer against Barcelona in the second leg of the 2011 Spanish Supercup in the Camp Nou. On August 27, 2011, he opened the 2011–12 La Liga season with a hat-trick in a 6–0 win at Real Zaragoza.
In the first weeks of September, Ronaldo's physical performance was subject to scrutiny by world media, after Castrol released a television film named Ronaldo: Tested to the Limit where he was put to test in several fields, including mental and physical. Conclusions from the movie and doctors in the weeks following claimed that Ronaldo was one of the best athletes in the world, excelling in football and outstanding in almost every other category.[citation needed] Several sources[weasel words] drew comparisons between him and other top athletes, including sprinter Usain Bolt.[citation needed] On 24 September, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick (including two penalties) in Real Madrid's 6–2 win over Rayo Vallecano at the Santiago Bernabéu. This was his ninth La Liga hat-trick and tenth hat-trick for Real Madrid. On September 27, Ronaldo scored Real's opening goal in a 3–0 defeat of Ajax in the Champions League. On 22 October, after not scoring in his previous three games, Ronaldo scored his tenth La Liga hat-trick and eleventh in total for Real Madrid in a match away to Málaga, which Real Madrid won 4–0. His twelfth Real Madrid hat-trick followed on 6 November, in a 7–1 victory over Osasuna that ensured Madrid stayed top of the table heading into the international break.[102] On 19 November 2011, Ronaldo scored Real's second goal in a 2–3 defeat of Valencia. On 26 November 2011, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 defeat of Atlético Madrid in the El Derbi madrileño. On 3 December 2011, Ronaldo scored Madrid's second goal in a 0–3 defeat of Sporting de Gijón in La Liga. He was one of the three finalists for the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or. On 13 December 2011, Ronaldo scored the second goal against SD Ponferradina in the first leg of the Copa del Rey Round 4, the match ended in a 0–2 win. On 17 December 2011, Ronaldo scored his twelfth La Liga hat-trick and thirteenth overall in a 6–2 win away to Sevilla. Ronaldo was third in the 2010–11 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award, behind Lionel Messi and Xavi Hernández, and second in the 2011 FIFA Ballon d'Or, behind Lionel Messi and ahead of Xavi Hernández. In Real Madrid's next game in La Liga at home to Granada Ronaldo scored the fifth goal in a 5–1 win. He was notably criticized in the public media[who?] for not celebrating the goal. On 22 January 2012, Ronaldo scored two penalties in a 4–1 win over Athletic Bilbao, and on 28 January scored Real Madrid's second and winning goal in a 3–1 win against Zaragoza. Ronaldo also scored two goals against Barcelona in the Copa del Rey Quarter-finals, which Real lost 4–3 on aggregrate. On 12 February 2012, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick, his thirteenth in La Liga and fourteenth for Real Madrid, in a 4–2 home win over Levante. This win stretched Real Madrid's lead over second-placed Barcelona to 10 points. On 24 March 2012, Ronaldo reached more than 100 goals in La Liga in just three season at Real Madrid. As of March 24, 2012, Ronaldo had averaged 1.01 goals per game in La Liga.
On 11 April, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick against Atletico Madrid in a 1–4 win, as well as assisting the last goal. His hat-trick, one goal from a free kick, one from 30 yards on the left wing and one penalty, gave him 40 league goals in the season, making him the only player in La Liga history to score 40 goals in two seasons, even doing so in consecutive seasons. Ronaldo officially broke his previous record of 40 goals in a La Liga season on 14 April, scoring in a 3–1 win against Sporting Gijón.
International career[link]
Ronaldo earned his first cap for Portugal in a 1–0 victory against Kazakhstan on 20 August 2003.[103]
Euro 2004[link]
Ronaldo was called up for Euro 2004,[104] scoring in a 2–1 group stage loss to eventual champions Greece[105] and in a 2–1 semi-final win over the Netherlands.[106] He was named in the team of the tournament despite finishing with only two goals.[107] He also represented Portugal at the 2004 Summer Olympics.[108][109]
2006 World Cup[link]
Ronaldo was the second-highest scorer in FIFA World Cup qualification in the European zone with seven goals,[107] and scored his first World Cup goal against Iran with a penalty kick.[110]
During a quarter-final match against England on 1 July 2006, Ronaldo's United teammate Wayne Rooney was sent off for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho. The English media speculated that Ronaldo had influenced referee Horacio Elizondo's decision by aggressively complaining, after which he was seen in replays winking at the Portuguese bench following Rooney's dismissal. After the match, Ronaldo insisted that Rooney was a friend and that he was not pushing for Rooney to be sent off.[111] On 4 July, Elizondo clarified that the red card was due to Rooney's infraction and not the fracas between Rooney and Ronaldo that followed.[112]
The angry reaction from the English press caused Ronaldo to consider leaving United,[113] and he allegedly told Spanish sports daily Marca that he wished to move to Real Madrid.[114] In response to the speculation, Ferguson sent Portuguese assistant manager Carlos Queiroz to speak to Ronaldo in attempt to change his mind, a sentiment that was shared by Rooney.[115][116] Ronaldo stayed, and signed his new five-year extension in April 2007.[117]
Ronaldo was booed during Portugal's semi-final defeat to France,[118] and missed out on the competition's Best Young Player award due to a negative e-mail campaign from England fans.[119] Though the online vote only affected the nomination process, FIFA's Technical Study Group awarded the honour to Germany's Lukas Podolski, citing Ronaldo's behaviour as a factor in the decision.[120]
Post-World Cup[link]
One day after his 22nd birthday, Ronaldo captained Portugal for the first time in a friendly against Brazil on 6 February 2007.[121] This move was in honour of Portuguese Football Federation president Carlos Silva, who had died two days earlier. Portugal coach Luiz Felipe Scolari explained, "Mr. Silva asked me to make [Ronaldo] captain as a gesture... [he] is too young to be captain, but Mr. Silva asked me, and now he is no longer with us."[122]
Euro 2008[link]
Ronaldo scored eight goals in Portugal's UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign,[123] behind Poland's Ebi Smolarek, but finished with only one goal in the tournament as Portugal were eliminated in the quarter-finals by Germany.[124] When Carlos Queiroz was named Portugal's new coach in July 2008,[125] he appointed Ronaldo as team captain.[126]
2010 World Cup[link]
On 15 June 2010, in Portugal's opening World Cup match against Côte d'Ivoire, Ronaldo was tackled by right-back Guy Demel, which led to an argument and both being booked. The next day, Portugal contacted FIFA to suggest that Ronaldo's yellow card be rescinded since he was "pulled into" the confrontation after having already moved away from the spot where he was tackled, but the appeal was rejected.[127]
Ronaldo failed to make an impact in the World Cup; after going scoreless in the qualifiers, his only goal came in Portugal's 7–0 group stage thrashing of North Korea on 21 June,[128] which marked his first international goal in 16 months.[129] Portugal were ultimately eliminated by Spain in the Round of 16.
International goals[link]
| Goal | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 12 June 2004 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Greece |
1–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2004 |
| 2 | 30 June 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Netherlands |
2–0 | 2–1 | Euro 2004 |
| 3 | 4 September 2004 | Skonto Stadium, Riga, Latvia |  Latvia |
0–1 | 0–2 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 4 | 8 September 2004 | Estádio Dr. Magalhães Pessoa, Leiria, Portugal |  Estonia |
1–0 | 4–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 5 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Russia |
2–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 6 | 13 October 2004 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Russia |
4–0 | 7–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 7 | 17 November 2004 | Stade Josy Barthel, Luxemburg City, Luxembourg |  Luxembourg |
0–2 | 0–5 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 8 | 4 June 2005 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Slovakia |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 9 | 8 June 2005 | A. Le Coq Arena, Tallinn, Estonia | Estonia |
0–1 | 0–1 | 2006 World Cup Qualification |
| 10 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany |  Saudi Arabia |
0–1 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 11 | 1 March 2006 | LTU Arena, Düsseldorf, Germany | Saudi Arabia |
0–3 | 0–3 | Friendly |
| 12 | 17 June 2006 | Waldstadion, Frankfurt, Germany |  Iran |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2006 World Cup |
| 13 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal |  Azerbaijan |
1–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 14 | 7 October 2006 | Estádio do Bessa, Porto, Portugal | Azerbaijan |
3–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 15 | 15 November 2006 | Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal |  Kazakhstan |
2–0 | 3–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 16 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal |  Belgium |
2–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 17 | 24 March 2007 | Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, Portugal | Belgium |
4–0 | 4–0 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 18 | 22 August 2007 | Hanrapetakan Stadium, Yerevan, Armenia |  Armenia |
1–1 | 1–1 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 19 | 8 September 2007 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Poland |
2–1 | 2–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 20 | 17 October 2007 | Almaty Central Stadium, Almaty, Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan |
0–2 | 1–2 | Euro 2008 Qualification |
| 21 | 11 June 2008 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Czech Republic |
1–2 | 1–3 | Euro 2008 |
| 22 | 11 February 2009 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal |  Finland |
1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly |
| 23 | 21 June 2010 | Cape Town Stadium, Cape Town, South Africa |  North Korea |
6–0 | 7–0 | 2010 World Cup |
| 24 | 8 October 2010 | Estádio do Dragão, Porto, Portugal |  Denmark |
3–1 | 3–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 25 | 12 October 2010 | Laugardalsvöllur, Reykjavík, Iceland |  Iceland |
0–1 | 1–3 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 26 | 9 February 2011 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  Argentina |
1–1 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 27 | 10 August 2011 | Estádio Algarve, Faro, Portugal | Luxembourg |
2–0 | 5–0 | Friendly |
| 28 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus |  Cyprus |
0–1 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 29 | 2 September 2011 | GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Cyprus | Cyprus |
0–2 | 0–4 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 30 | 11 October 2011 | Parken Stadium, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark |
2–1 | 2–1 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 31 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1–0 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
| 32 | 15 November 2011 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
3–1 | 6–2 | Euro 2012 Qualification |
Personal life[link]
File:Cristiano Ronaldo 1002665.jpg
Ronaldo during his spell at Real Madrid.
Ronaldo's father, José Dinis Aveiro, died of an alcoholism-related liver condition in September 2005[130] at age 52 when Ronaldo was 20. Ronaldo's mother and Manchester United coach have stated that he does not drink alcohol as a result and he has received libel damages over a Daily Mirror article that reported him drinking heavily in a nightclub while recovering from an injury in July 2008.[131]
Ronaldo's autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007.[132] Along with one of his sisters, Ronaldo opened a fashion boutique under the name "CR7" (his initials and shirt number).[133] There are currently two CR7 shop locations, both of which are in Portugal; one in Lisbon and the other in Madeira.
On 9 June 2010, Madame Tussauds London unveiled Ronaldo's waxwork as part of the build-up to the World Cup. Ronaldo joined fellow footballers Steven Gerrard, Pelé and David Beckham at the event's venue.[134]
Ronaldo announced that he had become a father on 3 July 2010. His official Facebook and Twitter pages reference the birth of his son and request privacy.[135] The child, named Cristiano[136] is in full custody of Ronaldo.[135]
In August 2010, Ronaldo reached 10 million fans on Facebook and in doing so made history by becoming the first non-American personality ever to achieve that kind of success on the social networking site.[137]
Ronaldo has previously dated English models Alice Goodwin[138] and Gemma Atkinson, and since the start of 2010, he has been dating Russian model Irina Shayk.[139]
On December 5, 2011, Cristiano launched an iPhone game called Heads Up with Cristiano. The game is created by developer RockLive.[140].
In 17 May 2012, Ronaldo and Castrol EDGE launched a live-streamed football challenge against fans through Facebook. #RonaldoLIVE would be the world's first interactive football challenge streamed live through Facebook from a state-of-the-art testing facility in Madrid.[141]
Philanthropy[link]
Television footage of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami showed an eight-year-old boy wearing a No. 7 Portuguese football jersey who was stranded for 19 days after his family was killed. Following this, Ronaldo visited Aceh, Indonesia, to raise funds for rehabilitation and reconstruction.[142][143]
In support of the victims of the 2010 Madeira flood, Ronaldo played in a charity match in Madeira between the Primeira Liga club FC Porto and players from Madeiran based clubs Marítimo and Nacional.[144]
Career statistics[link]
Club[link]
Statistics accurate as of 13 May 2012.
| Club | Season | League1 | Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other2 | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Sporting CP | 2002–03 | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | |
| Total | 25 | 3 | 3 | 2 | – | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 5 | ||
| Manchester United | 2003–04 | 29 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 6 |
| 2004–05 | 33 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 9 | |
| 2005–06 | 33 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 1 | – | 47 | 12 | ||
| 2006–07 | 34 | 17 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 3 | – | 53 | 23 | ||
| 2007–08 | 34 | 31 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 49 | 42 | |
| 2008–09 | 33 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 53 | 26 | |
| Total | 196 | 84 | 26 | 13 | 12 | 4 | 55 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 292 | 118 | |
| Real Madrid | 2009–10 | 29 | 26 | 0 | 0 | – | 6 | 7 | – | 35 | 33 | ||
| 2010–11 | 34 | 40 | 8 | 7 | – | 12 | 6 | – | 54 | 53 | |||
| 2011–12 | 38 | 46 | 5 | 3 | – | 10 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 55 | 60 | ||
| Total | 101 | 112 | 13 | 10 | – | 28 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 144 | 146 | ||
| Career total | 322 | 199 | 42 | 25 | 12 | 4 | 86 | 39 | 5 | 2 | 467 | 269 | |
12010–11 season notice: Does not include one goal scored on 18 September 2010 against Real Sociedad. Marca, which awards the Pichichi Trophy, attribute it to Ronaldo while La Liga and UEFA attribute it to Pepe.[97]
2Includes other competitive competitions, including the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, FA Community Shield, UEFA Super Cup, FIFA Club World Cup and Supercopa de España.
International[link]
- As of 26 May 2012.[145]
| National team | Year | Apps | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 2003 | 2 | 0 |
| 2004 | 16 | 7 | |
| 2005 | 10 | 2 | |
| 2006 | 14 | 6 | |
| 2007 | 10 | 5 | |
| 2008 | 8 | 1 | |
| 2009 | 7 | 1 | |
| 2010 | 11 | 3 | |
| 2011 | 9 | 7 | |
| 2012 | 2 | 0 | |
| Total | 89 | 32 | |
Career totals[link]
,_Lionel_Messi_(R)_%E2%80%93_Portugal_vs._Argentina,_9th_February_2011_(1).jpg)
| Professional career totals | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Teams | Appearances | Goals | Goals per game |
| Clubs | 467 | 269 | 0.58 |
| National team | 089 | 032 | 0.36 |
| Olympic final | 003 | 001 | 0.33 |
| Total | 559 | 302 | 0.54 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 26 May 2012.
Honours[link]
- Manchester United
- Premier League (3): 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FA Cup (1): 2003–04
- Football League Cup (2): 2005–06, 2008–09
- FA Community Shield (1): 2007
- UEFA Champions League (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2008
- Real Madrid
- La Liga (1): 2011–12
- Copa del Rey (1): 2010–11
Individual[link]
- UEFA Euro All-Star Team (1): 2004
- Bravo Award (1): 2004
- FIFPro Special Young Player of the Year (2): 2004, 2005
- Portuguese Footballer of the Year (6): 2006–07,2007–08,2008–09,2009–10,2010–11,2011–12
- UEFA Team of the Year (6): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11
- Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year (3): 2003–04, 2006–07, 2007–08
- FIFA FIFPro World XI (5): 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
- PFA Young Player of the Year (1): 2006–07
- PFA Players' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Fans' Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- PFA Premier League Team of the Year (4): 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
- FWA Footballer of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Barclays Player of the Year (2): 2006–07, 2007–08
- Premier League Player of the Month (4): November 2006, December 2006, January 2008, March 2008
- Premier League Golden Boot (1): 2007–08
- Barclays Merit Award (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Champions League Topscorer (1): 2007–08
- European Golden Shoe (2): 2007–08, 2010–11
- UEFA Club Forward of the Year (1): 2007–08
- UEFA Club Footballer of the Year (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup Silver Ball (1): 2008
- Ballon d'Or (1): 2008
- FIFA World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFPro World Player of the Year (1): 2008
- Onze d'Or (1): 2008
- World Soccer Player of the Year (1): 2008
- FIFA Puskás Award (1): 2009
- La Liga top scorer (1): 2010–11
Orders[link]
- Officer of the Order of Infante Dom Henrique
- Medal of Merit, Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Bragança)[146]
References[link]
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- ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo Takes Raul’s No.7 Shirt At Real Madrid, Benzema Moves To No.9, Xabi Alonso Takes No.14". whoateallthepies.tv (Who Ate All The Pies). 3 August 2010. http://www.whoateallthepies.tv/kits/37525/cristiano-ronaldo-takes-rauls-no-7-shirt-at-real-madrid-benzema-moves-to-no-9-xabi-alonso-takes-no-14.html. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
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- ^ "Four Real: Ronaldo fires Madrid to top of La Liga". The Sydney Morning Herald. 25 October 2010. http://www.smh.com.au/sport/football/four-real-ronaldo-fires-madrid-to-top-of-la-liga-20101024-16z9q.html.
- ^ "Real Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site – Mr. October". Realmadrid.com. 29 October 2010. http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330021135262/noticia/Noticia/Mr._October_2010-10-29.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Real Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site – Historic drubbing to close out 2010". Realmadrid.com. 22 December 2010. http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330030883394/noticia/Cronica/Historic_drubbing_to_close_out_2010.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Ronaldo iguala los registros goleadores de Di Stéfano, Hugo Sánchez y Alday (in Spanish)". Realmadrid.com. http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/es/1330033408980/noticia/Noticia/Ronaldo_iguala_los_registros_goleadores_de_Di_Stefano,_Hugo_Sanchez_y_Alday.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo makes club history". Realmadrid.com. 14 January 2011. http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330034966469/noticia/Noticia/Cristiano_Ronaldo_makes_club_history.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Real Madrid C.F. – Official Web Site – Getafe 2–3 Real Madrid". Realmadrid.com. 3 January 2011. http://www.realmadrid.com/cs/Satellite/en/1330033242488/noticia/Cronica/Getafe_2-3_Real_Madrid.htm. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Cristiano: "Mi reto es batir los 38 de Hugo y Zarra"". MARCA.com. 19 January 2011. http://www.marca.com/2011/01/19/futbol/equipos/real_madrid/1295418429.html. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ [1][dead link]
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- ^ Madrid clinch Copa del Rey Sky Sports Retrieved 20 April 2011
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- ^ "HIGHLIGHTS: LA vs Real Madrid". MLSsoccer.com. 16 July 2011. http://www.mlssoccer.com/videos?catid=1822&id=17051. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
- ^ http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report/_/id/323925?cc=5901
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- ^ Ames, Paul (14 June 2004). "Euro 2004 roundup: Greece stuns Portugal 2–1". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/world/2004-06-12-euro2004-groupa-greece_x.htm. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ Kevin McCarra in Lisbon (1 July 2004). "Portugal have the final word". Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2004/jul/01/euro2004.sport2. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Cristiano Ronaldo's profile". 4thegame.com. http://www.paktribune.com/sports/fifa2006/playerprofile.php?id=226.
- ^ "Ronaldo is chosen for the Olympics". CNN. 21 July 2004. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/SPORT/football/07/21/portugal.ronaldo/. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ Wallace, Sam (24 July 2004). "Ronaldo keen to play at Olympics". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2383448/Ronaldo-keen-to-play-at-Olympics.html. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Portugal Vs Iran match". fifa.com. 17 June 2006. http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/germany2006/results/matches/match=97410024/report.html.
- ^ Tim Spanton (2 July 2006). "Ronaldo: I never asked for Rooney red card". The Sun. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=373109. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
- ^ "Ronaldo cleared over Rooney red card". Soccernet. 4 July 2006. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=373212&cc=5739. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
- ^ "Ronaldo intends to leave Man Utd". BBC Sport. 8 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/5120332.stm. Retrieved 8 July 2006.
- ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo plans Real move". Reuters. 28 June 2006. http://www.abc.net.au/sport/content/200606/s1673309.htm. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
- ^ "Ferguson sends Man Utd No2 Queiroz to Ronaldo meeting". TribalFootball. 11 July 2006. Archived from the original on 19 July 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060719115759/http://www.tribalfootball.com/article.php?id=4297. Retrieved 11 July 2006.
- ^ "Rooney pleads with Ronaldo not to quit Man Utd". TribalFootball. 9 July 2006. Archived from the original on 21 July 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060721082829/http://www.tribalfootball.com/article.php?id=4004. Retrieved 11 July 2006.
- ^ "Ronaldo signs new deal at Man Utd". BBC Sport. 13 April 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/6551679.stm. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
- ^ Chick, Alex (6 July 2006). "Scolari's fortunes take a dive". ESPN. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/columns/story?id=373430&cc=5739. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Supporters 'hijack' Ronaldo vote". BBC. 6 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2006/5153870.stm. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
- ^ "Podolski beats Ronaldo to award". BBC Sport. 7 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/world_cup_2006/5157434.stm. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
- ^ "Ronaldo: I could leave United". Metro.co.uk. http://www.metro.co.uk/sport/football/article.html?in_article_id=36364&in_page_id=43. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Scolari delighted with Portugal victory over Brazil". Rediff. 7 February 2007. http://www.rediff.com/sports/2007/feb/07scol.htm. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
- ^ "Top scorers for Euro 2008 European Qualifying campaign". soccernet.com. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/stats/topscorers?league=uefa.euroq&cc=4716.
- ^ Winter, Henry (20 June 2008). "Euro 2008: German power leaves Portugal in despair". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/international/2303651/Euro-2008-German-power-leaves-Portugal-in-despair.html. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ "Queiroz appointed Portugal coach". Fifa.com. 11 July 2008. http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=824568.html. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ Angela, Asante (15 October 2008). "Queiroz’s belief in Ronaldo as captain of Portugal". http://www.cristianoronaldofan.net/queiroz%E2%80%99s-belief-in-ronaldo-as-captain-of-portugal.
- ^ "FIFA rejects Ronaldo's yellow card appeal". Reuters. 19 June 2010. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65I13V20100619. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "World Cup Match Results: Portugal vs North Korea – FIFA World Cup 2010". ESPN. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/report?id=264070&cc=4716&ver=global. Retrieved 25 August 2010.
- ^ Clegg, Jonathan (21 June 2010). "Portugal Beats North Korea in 7–0 Rout". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704895204575320582816388848.html?mod=googlewsj. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- ^ "MANCHESTER UNITED BLOG: Death of his father helped Ronaldo shine". Dentough-manchesterunited.blogspot.com. 8 June 2007. http://dentough-manchesterunited.blogspot.com/2007/06/death-of-his-father-helped-ronaldo.html. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Ronaldo receives libel damages over drink story". USA Today. 9 November 2009. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/soccer/2009-11-09-873451543_x.htm. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
- ^ "Moments". Chapters. 27 March 2009. http://www.chapters.indigo.ca/books/Moments-Cristiano-Ronaldo/9780230706699-item.html?pticket=2ri2tlravqzkwvqiidffbzeyKdCA56aJMrGpjmHIq%2b35HorovoI%3d.
- ^ Pink, Stuart (27 March 2009). "Winker's dodgy clobber on sale". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article1778161.ece.
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- ^ a b "Baby 'joy' for Cristiano Ronaldo". BBC Online. 4 July 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/8786871.stm. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
- ^ "Cristiano Ronaldo Names Son Cristiano Jr". Popcrunch.com. 2010-07-09. http://www.popcrunch.com/cristiano-ronaldo-names-son-cristiano-jr/. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
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- ^ Alice Goodwin da catedra sobre sexo on El Argentino (27 May 2010)
- ^ Cristiano Ronaldo's girlfriend Irina Shayk allows cameras behind the scenes in a video of her recent raunchy GQ shoot, Jody Thompson, Daily Mail, 24 September 2010. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
- ^ "How Mobile Games Are Sports Stars’ Newest Marketing Channel". Mashable. http://mashable.com/2011/12/28/rocklive-cristiano-ronaldo-athletes-mobile-game/.
- ^ "Castrol EDGE gives fans chance to challenge Cristiano Ronaldo on Facebook". inside World Soccer. 17 May 2012. http://www.insideworldsoccer.com/2012/05/castrol-edge-cristiano-ronaldo-facebook.html.
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- ^ "Ronaldo to play in charity match for Madeira". Reuters. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5njSq0c4I. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
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External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cristiano Ronaldo |
- Official website
- Real Madrid official profile
- BDFutbol profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at La Liga
- 2010 FIFA World Cup profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at National-Football-Teams.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo – FIFA competition record
- Cristiano Ronaldo – UEFA competition record
- Transfermarkt profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo career stats at Soccerbase
- ESPN Profile
- Cristiano Ronaldo at the Internet Movie Database
- Profile at SoccerSurfer.com
- Cristiano Ronaldo on Playerhistory.com
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Nuno Gomes |
Portugal national football team captain 2008–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dos Santos Aveiro, Cristiano Ronaldo |
| Alternative names | Ronaldo, Cristiano |
| Short description | Portuguese footballer |
| Date of birth | 5 February 1985 |
| Place of birth | Funchal, Madeira, Portugal |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Cristiano_Ronaldo
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://cs.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://id.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://es.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://ru.wn.com/Криштиану Роналду
http://pl.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://fr.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://de.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://hi.wn.com/क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो
http://pt.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
http://nl.wn.com/Cristiano Ronaldo
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Ronaldo
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Wayne Mark Rooney[1] | ||
| Date of birth | (1985-10-24) 24 October 1985 (age 26) | ||
| Place of birth | Croxteth, Liverpool, England | ||
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)[2] | ||
| Playing position | Forward | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Manchester United | ||
| Number | 10 | ||
| Youth career | |||
| 1996–2002 | Everton | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 2002–2004 | Everton | 67 | (15) |
| 2004– | Manchester United | 251 | (129) |
| National team‡ | |||
| 2000–2001 | England U15 | 4 | (2) |
| 2001–2002 | England U17 | 12 | (7) |
| 2002 | England U19 | 1 | (0) |
| 2003– | England | 73 | (28) |
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 17:09 (UTC), 13 May 2012. † Appearances (Goals). |
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Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Manchester United and the England national team.
Rooney made his senior international debut in 2003 becoming the youngest player to represent England (a record later broken by Theo Walcott). He is England's youngest ever goalscorer.[4] He played at UEFA Euro 2004 and scored four goals, briefly becoming the competition's youngest goalscorer. Rooney featured at the 2006 and 2010 World Cups and is widely regarded as his country's best player.[5][6][7][8][9][10] He has won the England Player of the Year award twice, in 2008 and 2009. As of September 2011, he has won 73 international caps and scored 28 goals.[3] Along with David Beckham, Rooney is the most red carded player for England, having been sent off twice.[11]
Aged nine, Rooney joined the youth team of Everton, for whom he made his professional debut in 2002. He spent two seasons at the Merseyside club, before moving to Manchester United for £25.6 million in the 2004 summer transfer window. The same year, Rooney acquired the nickname "Wazza".[12] Since then, with Rooney in the team, United have won the Premier League four times, the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League and two League Cups. He also holds two runner-up medals from both the Premier League and the Champions League. In April of the 2011–12 season Rooney scored his 180th goal, making him United's fourth highest goal-scorer of all time.[13]
In 2009–10, Rooney was awarded the PFA Players' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year. He came fifth in the vote for the 2011 FIFA Baloon d'Or and was named in the FIFPro World 11 for 2011. Rooney has won the 'Goal of the Season' award by the BBC's Match of the Day poll on three occasions, with his bicycle kick against rivals Manchester City winning the 'Premier League Goal of the 20 Seasons' award.[14] Rooney is the third highest-paid footballer in the world after Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, with an annual income of €20.7m (£18m) including sponsorship deals.[15]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Rooney was born in Croxteth, Liverpool to Thomas Wayne and Jeanette Marie (née Morrey) Rooney.[16] He is of Irish descent[17][18] and was brought up as a Roman Catholic[19][20] with younger brothers Graham and John;[21][22][23] all three attended Our Lady and St Swithin's primary school and the De La Salle Humanities College.[24] He grew up supporting his local club Everton.[25]
Club career[link]
Everton[link]
Youth squads[link]
Rooney began playing for Liverpool Schoolboys and until May 2010 he held the record of 72 goals scored in one season.[26] At age nine, Rooney played for Copplehouse boys' club in the local Walton and Kirkdale junior league and scored 99 goals in his final season before being spotted by Everton scout Bob Pendleton.[27] Rooney joined Everton at age nine,[28] and was the Everton mascot for the Merseyside derby against Liverpool as an 11-year-old.[29] In the 1995–96 season he scored 114 goals in 29 games for Everton's under-10s and 11s,[30] and by 15 years old he was playing for the under-19s.[31] He scored eight goals in eight games during Everton's run to the FA Youth Cup final in 2002.[32] This included one goal in the final defeat against Aston Villa and upon scoring he revealed a T-shirt that read, "Once a Blue, always a Blue."[28] Rooney was included in the first team squad for their training camp in Austria in the summer of 2002 and scored his first senior goal in a 3-1 friendly victory over SC Weiz on 15 July.[31]
First team breakthrough[link]
"Rooney is the biggest England talent I've seen since I arrived in England. There has certainly not been a player under 20 as good as him since I became a manager here."
Rooney was an unused substitute in Everton's 1–0 away win over Southampton in April 2002.[34] His senior debut came the following season on 17 August in a 2–2 home draw against Tottenham,[35] at this time he became the second youngest first-team player in Everton history behind Joe Royle.[36] His first senior goals came on 2 October as he scored twice in a 3–0 away win over Wrexham in the League Cup.[37] These goals meant that Rooney was Everton's youngest-ever goalscorer at the time.[38] On 19 October, five days before his 17th birthday, Rooney scored a last-minute winning goal against Arsenal.[39] This goal ended Arsenal's 30-match unbeaten run,[40] and also made Rooney the youngest goalscorer in Premier League history, a record that has since been surpassed twice by both James Milner and James Vaughan.[41] He scored the only goal in a 1–0 away win over Leeds United fifteen days later.[42]
In December, Rooney was named 2002's BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year.[43] Six days on from claiming this award he scored the winning goal against Blackburn Rovers in a 2–1 home win.[44] His first career red-card came on boxing day in a 1-1 away draw against Birmingham City for a late challenge on Steve Vickers.[45] In January 2003, Rooney signed his first professional contract which made him one of world football's highest-paid teenagers.[46] Rooney's first goal in 2003 came on 23 March, netting Everton's only goal in a 2–1 loss at Arsenal.[47] In April, he scored a goal in Everton's 2–1 home win over Newcastle United,[48] before hitting a last-minute winner against Aston Villa in another 2–1 home win.[49] He ended his debut season with 8 goals in 37 appearances in all competitions for the Toffees.[50]
Rooney scored his first goal of the 2003-04 season in a 2–2 away draw against Charlton on 26 August 2003.[51] He did not find the net again until December when he scored in a 2–1 away win over Portsmouth,[52] and a 3–2 home win over Leicester City.[53] His final goal of 2003 came on his 50th league appearance, netting the only goal in a 1–0 home win over Birmingham on 28 December.[54] On 21 February 2004, Rooney netted his first Premier League brace in a 3–3 away draw against Southampton.[55] He scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Portsmouth on 13 March,[56] before scoring in a 1–1 away draw against Leicester City one week later.[57] He scored his final goal of the season in a 1–1 away draw against Leeds United on 13 April.[58]
Manchester United[link]
2004–05 season[link]
Rooney's agent snubbed a three-year, £12,000-a-week contract offer from Everton in August 2004, leaving Manchester United and Newcastle United to compete for his signature. Everton rejected a bid of £20 million from Newcastle,[59] and Manchester United ultimately won the bidding war with Rooney signing for them at the end of the month after a £25.6 million deal with Everton was reached.[60] It was the highest fee ever paid for a player under 20 years old; Rooney was still only 18 when he left Everton.[61]
Rooney was given the number 8 shirt upon his arrival at Old Trafford.[62] He made his United debut on 28 September in a 6–2 home win over Fenerbahçe in the Champions League, scoring a hat-trick and laying on an assist.[63] These goals made Rooney the youngest player to score a hat-trick in the Champions League aged 18 years 335 days.[64] However, his first season with Manchester United ended without winning a trophy as they could only manage a third place finish in the league,[65] and failed to progress to the last eight of the Champions League.[66] United had more success in the cup competitions, but were edged out of the League Cup in the semi finals by a Chelsea side[67] who also won the Premier League title that season,[68] and a goalless draw with Arsenal in the FA Cup final was followed by a penalty shoot-out defeat.[69] However, Rooney was United's top league scorer that season with 11 goals, and was credited with the PFA Young Player of the Year award.[70]
2005–07[link]
In September 2005, Rooney was sent off in a Champions League clash with Villarreal of Spain (which ended in a goalless draw) for sarcastically clapping the referee who had booked him for an unintentional foul on an opponent.[71] His first trophy with United came in the 2006 League Cup,[72] and he was also named man of the match after scoring twice in United's 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic in the final.[73] In the Premier League, however, an erratic start to the season left title glory looking unlikely for United and their title hopes were ended in late April when they lost 3–0 away to champions Chelsea and had to settle for second place.[74] Rooney sustained a broken metatarsal in that game after a tackle made by Paulo Ferreira.[75] Rooney's goalscoring further improved in the 2005–06 season, as he managed 16 goals in 36 Premier League games.[76]
Rooney was sent off in an Amsterdam Tournament match against Porto on 4 August 2006 after hitting Porto defender Pepe with an elbow.[77] He was punished with a three-match ban by the FA, following their receipt of a 23-page report from referee Ruud Bossen that explained his decision.[78] Rooney wrote a letter of protest to the FA, citing the lack of punishment handed down to other players who were sent off in friendlies. He also threatened to withdraw the FA's permission to use his image rights if they did not revoke the ban, but the FA had no power to make such a decision.[79]
During the first half of the 2006–07 season, Rooney ended a ten-game scoreless streak with a hat-trick against Bolton Wanderers,[80] and he signed a two-year contract extension the next month that tied him to United until 2012. By the end of April, a combination of two goals in an 8–3 aggregate quarter-final win over Roma and two more in a 3–2 semi-final first leg victory over Milan.[81] By the end of that season, he had scored 14 league goals.[82] Rooney collected his first Premier League title winner's medal at the end of the 2006–07 season.[83]
2007–09[link]
In June 2007, Rooney was handed number 10, last worn by Ruud van Nistelrooy.[84][85] He fractured his left metatarsal in United's opening-day goalless draw against Reading on 12 August,[86] the same injury he had suffered to his right foot in 2004.[87] After being sidelined for six weeks, he returned for United's 1–0 Champions League group stage win over Roma on 2 October, scoring the match's only goal.[88] However, barely a month into his return, Rooney injured his ankle during a training session on 9 November, and missed an additional two weeks.[89] His first match back was against Fulham on 3 December, in which he played 70 minutes.[90] Rooney missed a total of ten games and finished the 2007–08 season with 18 goals (12 of them in the league),[76] as United clinched both the Premier League[91] and the Champions League, in which they defeated league rivals Chelsea[92] in the competition's first-ever all-English final.[93]
On 4 October 2008 in an away win over Blackburn Rovers, Rooney became the youngest player in league history to make 200 appearances.[94] On 14 January after scoring the only goal of the game 54 seconds into the 1–0 win over Wigan Athletic, Rooney limped off with a hamstring ailment in the eighth minute. His replacement, Carlos Tévez, was injured himself shortly after entering the game, but stayed on.[95] Rooney was out for three weeks, missing one match apiece in the League Cup and FA Cup, along with four Premier League matches.[96] On 25 April 2009, Rooney scored his final league goals of the season against Tottenham. United scored five goals in the second half ato come from 2–0 down to win 5–2. Rooney grabbed two goals, set up two and provided the assist that led to the penalty for United's first goal.[97] Rooney ended the season with 20 goals in all competitions. Once again, he managed 12 goals in the league.[76]
2009–10 season[link]
Rooney's start to the new campaign got off to great scoring ways, grabbing a goal in the 90th minute of the 2009 Community Shield, though United lost the game to Chelsea on penalties.[98] He then scored the only goal of the opening game of the 2009–10 season against Birmingham City, taking his overall United tally to 99.[99] He failed to score in the next game, a historic 1–0 defeat to the hands of newly promoted Burnley at Turf Moor. On 22 August, he became the 20th Manchester United player to have scored at least 100 goals for the club, when he found the net twice in a 5–0 away win at Wigan Athletic.[100]
On 29 August, United played Arsenal at Old Trafford. Rooney scored the equaliser from the penalty spot after Andrei Arshavin had put the Gunners ahead. The game finished 2–1 to Manchester United after Abou Diaby scored an own goal.[101] Five days later Rooney commented on his penalty against Arsenal: "Everyone who watches me play knows I am an honest player, I play the game as honestly as I can. If the referee gives a penalty there is nothing you can do."[102] On 28 November 2009, Rooney scored his first hat-trick for three years in a 4–1 away victory against Portsmouth, with two of them being penalties.[103] On 27 December 2009, he was awarded Man of the Match against Hull City. He was involved in all the goals scored in the game, hitting the opener and then giving away the ball for Hull's equalizing penalty. He then forced Andy Dawson into conceding an own goal and then set up Dimitar Berbatov for United's third goal which gave them a 3–1 victory.[104] On 30 December 2009, three days on from their victory over Hull, he grabbed another goal in United's 5–0 thrashing of Wigan in their final game of the decade.[105] On 23 January 2010, Rooney scored all four goals in Manchester United's 4–0 win over Hull City; three of the goals came in the last 10 minutes of the match. This was the first time in his career that he bagged four in one match.[106] On 27 January 2010, he continued his scoring run by heading the winner in the second minute of stoppage time against derby rivals Manchester City. This gave United a 4–3 aggregate win, taking them into the final, it was his first League Cup goal since netting two in the 2006 final.[107] On 31 January 2010, Rooney scored his 100th Premier League goal in a 3–1 win over Arsenal for the first time in the league at the Emirates, notably his first Premier League goal also came against Arsenal.[108] On 16 February 2010, Rooney hit his first European goals of the season, scoring two headers in the 3–2 away win against Milan in Manchester United's first ever win against them at the San Siro.[109] On 28 February 2010, he scored another header against Aston Villa (his fifth consecutive headed goal in a row) which resulted in Manchester United winning the League Cup final 2–1.[110] In the second leg of United's European tie against Milan, Rooney scored a brace in a resounding 4–0 home victory, taking his tally of goals this season to 30.[111] He then added two more to his tally five days later at Old Trafford, in a 3–0 league win over Fulham.[112]
On 30 March 2010, during United's Champions League quarter-final first leg defeat against Bayern Munich at Munich's Allianz Arena, Rooney crumpled when he twisted his ankle in the last minute, hobbling off while Bayern were producing the build up that led to their second goal.[113] There were fears that he had received serious ligament damage or even a broken ankle, but it was announced that the injury was only slight ligament damage, and that he would be out for 2 to 3 weeks,[114] missing United's crunch match with Chelsea and the return leg against Munich the following week.[114] The team list for second leg yielded a massive surprise when Rooney was given a starting place in the United lineup.[115] Despite a 3–0 lead by the 41st minute, Munich snatched a goal back and United were later forced down to 10 men after Rafael da Silva was sent-off. Munich won the match after netting a second away-goal[115] and Rooney was substituted after re-damaging his ankle. On 25 April, Rooney was named the 2010 PFA Players' Player of the Year.[116]
2010–11 season[link]
On 28 August 2010, Rooney scored his first goal of the season as he netted a penalty in a 3–0 home win over West Ham United.[117] In October, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson stated at a press conference that Rooney wanted to quit the club.[118] This came after a period of dispute as to the extent of Rooney's ankle injury, where Rooney had refuted Ferguson's claim that the injury was the reason Rooney had been dropped to the bench.[119] Rooney and his representatives released a statement regarding his decision to leave the club, insisting it is not down to money but ambition.[120] Following this statement, Rooney made a dramatic U-turn and agreed a new five-year contract at Manchester United until June 2015.[121]
Rooney made his return to the first team as a substitute against Wigan on 20 November.[122] Four days later he returned to the starting line-up and scored a penalty in a 1–0 away win over Rangers in the Champions League.[123] He missed a penalty in a 1–0 home win over Arsenal on 13 December.[124] His first goal of the season from open play came on 1 January 2011 in a 2–1 away win over West Bromwich Albion.[125] On 1 February, Rooney scored twice and assisted Nemanja Vidić's goal in a 3–1 home win over Aston Villa.[126] On 12 February, Rooney scored an overhead volley in the 78th minute of the Manchester derby, which proved to be the winning goal in their 2–1 win over Manchester City.[127] After the match, Rooney said it was the best goal of his career,[128] before Sir Alex Ferguson described the strike as the best goal he has ever witnessed at Old Trafford.[129] Two weeks later he scored the third goal in a 4–0 away win over Wigan,[130] before opening the scoring in a 2–1 away loss to Chelsea on 1 March.[131] Rooney scored the second goal in a 2–0 home win over Arsenal in an FA Cup tie on 12 March.[132]
On 2 April, United came from two goals down as Rooney scored his first hat-trick of the season in a 4–2 away win over West Ham United.[133] This was his fifth hat-trick for Manchester United, whilst the second goal was his 100th in the Premier League for the club.[134] He is the third Manchester United player to score 100 Premier League goals, joining Ryan Giggs and Paul Scholes.[135] During Rooney's celebrations following his third goal, he swore into a pitchside camera and was subsequently charged by the Football Association for using offensive language.[136] Rooney accepted the charge, but not the automatic two-match ban which was handed to him.[137] He appealed against the length of the suspension, calling it "excessive", but failed to overturn the two-match ban which ruled him out of the FA Cup semi-final against Manchester City on 16 April.[138] The following game on 6 April saw Rooney scored the only goal in a 1–0 away win against Chelsea in the Champions League quarter-final first leg.[139] He followed this goal up with another strike in the semi-final first leg against German side Schalke on 26 April, scoring the second of a 2–0 away win.[140] This was the first time Rooney had returned to the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen since his sending off during the 2006 FIFA World Cup against Portugal.[141]
On 14 May 2011, Rooney successfully converted a penalty for United to equalise and give them a 1–1 draw against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in the penultimate game of the Premier League season - enough to secure a record 19th top division title for United, and giving Rooney his fourth Premier League title winner's medal.[142]
2011–12 season[link]
Rooney started the season with a goal in the first league game at The Hawthorns against West Bromwich Albion. Rooney played a cute one-two with Ashley Young before a sharp turn and finish from outside the box which found the bottom corner of the goal. He also scored in the second game of the season, at home to Tottenham Hotspur, when he headed in a Ryan Giggs cross late in the game.[143] In late August, Rooney scored his 150th goal for United, the first of a hat-trick, helping to demolish Arsenal 8–2.[13] Rooney won man of the match, scoring two free kicks, a penalty, and also contributing an assist for Nani. He followed this up with another hat-trick in the next game; a 5–0 away win over Bolton Wanderers on 10 September, becoming only the fourth player in Premier League history to score a hat-trick in consecutive games.[144] These goals brought him level with Sir Bobby Charlton on seven United hat-tricks, joint fourth on the all-time list behind Denis Law, Jack Rowley and Dennis Viollet.[145] Rooney scored in United's next game, a 3-1 home win over Chelsea but did miss a penalty in the second half when he slipped on his run up and skied the ball over. After revelations about his father in the media and the fallout from his red card against Montenegro on international duty, he was left out of the starting line-up against Liverpool on 15 October 2011. He returned to action on 18 October 2011, where he scored two goals in the group stage-match against Oțelul Galați and surpassed his former teammate Paul Scholes as the most-scoring Englishman in UEFA Champions League.[146]
On 10 December, Rooney ended an 8 game goal drought with a brace against Wolves in a 4-1 win at Old Trafford. For the first goal he cut inside from the left and drilled in a low shot through the crowd of defenders. His second goal was assisted by Antonio Valencia who crossed the ball from the right wing and Rooney met it on the half volley to find the bottom right hand corner of the net. On 18 December, Rooney continued his goal scoring form heading home the opening goal against QPR, making it Manchester United's quickest goal of the season so far after just 52 seconds at Loftus Road. He was assisted by Antonio Valencia's cross. On 21 December, Rooney scored his 130th Premier League goal in his 300th Premier League appearance against Fulham at Craven Cottage with a long range effort that crashed in off the inside of the post in a 5-0 win. On 8 January, Rooney scored two goals in the FA Cup third round 3-2 away win against Manchester City at Etihad Stadium. His first goal was assisted by Antonio Valencia who swung the ball towards the far post, where Rooney bulldozed between Nani and Richards powering a header against the underside of the crossbar and into the net. Danny Welbeck was involved in Rooney's second goal. He was needlessly scythed down by Aleksandar Kolarov inside the penalty area, prompting the clear penalty award. City's goalkeeper Costel Pantilimon saved the initial Rooney spot kick, but the United striker calmly nodded the rebound into the unguarded goal. With his two goals, Rooney went past Mark Hughes in United's all-time top goalscorers table heading up to seventh place overall with 164 goals. On 14 January, Rooney made a big contribution to his team in a 3-0 home win against Bolton. Although he had missed a penalty and almost found the net on a few occasions, he did create two goals by assisting Paul Scholes for the first goal and later in the second half Danny Welbeck for the second goal. On 5 February, Rooney scored two goals from the penalty spot as United came back from a 3-0 deficit to draw 3-3 in a Premier League clash against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge.
On 11 February 2012, Rooney marked his 500th senior career game by scoring two goals as United beat rivals Liverpool 2-1 at Old Trafford. This was also his 350th game for United in all competitions.[147] On 4 March Rooney scored the first goal in a 3–1 away win against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane and went past Joe Spence in Manchester United's all-time top goalscorers table heading up to sixth place overall with 169 goals. He scored another brace in his next game, against Atletico Bilbao in the Europa League.[148] On 11 March Rooney scored the two goals that brought United the victory against West Bromwich Albion in a 2–0 home win. On 15 March, Rooney scored in the 2nd leg of the Europa League tie vs Athletic Bilbao in Bilbao despite United losing 2-1 on the night and 5-3 on aggregate.
Rooney accidentally broke 9-year-old fan Jamie Thomas' wrist with a stray shot before Manchester United's 5-0 win at Wolverhampton Wanderers on 18 March 2012. Rooney was not aware of the incident at the time, but has apologised to the schoolboy and promised to send him a personalised gift.[149]
International career[link]
Rooney became the youngest player to play for England when he earned his first cap in a friendly against Australia on 12 February 2003 at seventeen,[150] the same age at which he also became the youngest player to score an England goal.[151] Arsenal youngster Theo Walcott broke Rooney's appearance record by 36 days in May 2006.[152]
His first tournament action was at Euro 2004, in which he became the youngest scorer in competition history on 17 June 2004, when he scored twice against Switzerland;[153] however, this record was topped by Swiss midfielder Johan Vonlanthen four days later.[154] Rooney suffered an injury in the quarter-final match against Portugal and England were eliminated on penalties.[155]
Following a foot injury in an April 2006 Premier League match, Rooney faced a race to fitness for the 2006 World Cup.[156] England attempted to hasten his recovery with the use of an oxygen tent,[157] which allowed Rooney to enter a group match against Trinidad and Tobago[158] and start the next match against Sweden.[159] However, he never got back into game shape and went scoreless as England bowed out in the quarter-finals, again on penalty kicks.[160]
Rooney was red-carded in the 62nd minute of the quarter-final for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho as both attempted to gain possession of the ball, an incident that occurred right in front of referee Horacio Elizondo.[161] Rooney's Manchester United teammate Cristiano Ronaldo openly protested his actions, and was in turn shoved by Rooney.[161] Elizondo sent Rooney off, after which Ronaldo was seen winking at the Portugal bench.[161] Rooney denied intentionally targeting Carvalho in a statement on 3 July, adding, "I bear no ill feeling to Cristiano but I'm disappointed that he chose to get involved. I suppose I do, though, have to remember that on that particular occasion we were not teammates."[162] Elizondo confirmed the next day that Rooney was dismissed solely for the infraction on Carvalho.[163] Rooney was fined CHF5,000 for the incident.[164]
During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, after England drew with Algeria, the England players were booed off the pitch by supporters. Rooney made a comment as he left the pitch to television cameras saying, "Nice to see your home fans boo you, that's loyal supporters".[165] He later apologised for the comment made during a lacklustre tournament for England who were eliminated in the second round.[166]
UEFA Euro 2012[link]
The Euro 2012 qualifications went well for England as they qualified in first place of their group, winning five and drawing three games out of eight. Rooney scored three goals, one against Switzerland and two against Bulgaria. Nevertheless, the qualifications will be remembered for something else, Rooney's 74th minute tackle on Miodrag Džudović in the last group stage game against Montenegro (2-2) which saw him get sent off.[167] At first, it was known that Rooney would miss at least one mach in the opening round of the first phase at UEFA Euro 2012. After the game with Montenegro, Rooney sent a personal letter to UEFA in which he apologised and expressed regret for the tackle on Džudović which earned him the red card.[168][169] Despite the letter, UEFA punished Rooney with a three game ban, meaning that he couldn't play in any of the group stage matches. After UEFA's announcement, Džudović stated that he believed the sentence for Rooney was too severe and that he would defend him if needed. He later asked the UEFA to pardon Rooney, who kicked out at him in the qualification match. The FA then decided they would appeal to UEFA against the ban. On 8 December 2011, after The FA had appealed the ban,[170] UEFA reduced the sentence to two matches.[171] This means that Rooney will now miss the matches against France and Sweden. He will be able to play in the final match of the group stage against Ukraine on 19 June 2012 and all other matches that England participate in at the tournament should they progress.
International goals[link]
| # | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6 September 2003 | Gradski Stadium, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia |  Macedonia |
2–1 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |
| 2 | 10 September 2003 | Old Trafford, Manchester, England |  Liechtenstein |
2–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 qualifying |
| 3 | 16 November 2003 | Old Trafford, Manchester, England | Denmark |
3–2 | Loss | Friendly |
| 4 | 5 June 2004 | Old Trafford, Manchester, England | Iceland |
6–1 | Win | Friendly |
| 5 | 5 June 2004 | Old Trafford, Manchester, England | Iceland |
6–1 | Win | Friendly |
| 6 | 17 June 2004 | Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal |  Switzerland |
3–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 |
| 7 | 17 June 2004 | Estádio Cidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal | Switzerland |
3–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 |
| 8 | 21 June 2004 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal |  Croatia |
4–2 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 |
| 9 | 21 June 2004 | Estádio da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal | Croatia |
4–2 | Win | UEFA Euro 2004 |
| 10 | 17 August 2005 | Parken Stadion, Copenhagen, Denmark | Denmark |
4–1 | Loss | Friendly |
| 11 | 12 November 2005 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland | Argentina |
3–2 | Win | Friendly |
| 12 | 15 November 2006 | Amsterdam ArenA, Amsterdam, Netherlands | Netherlands |
1–1 | Draw | Friendly |
| 13 | 13 October 2007 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Estonia |
3–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |
| 14 | 17 October 2007 | Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow, Russia | Russia |
2–1 | Loss | UEFA Euro 2008 qualification |
| 15 | 10 September 2008 | Maksimir Stadium, Zagreb, Croatia | Croatia |
4–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 16 | 12 October 2008 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Kazakhstan |
5–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 17 | 12 October 2008 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Kazakhstan |
5–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 18 | 15 October 2008 | Dinamo Stadium, Minsk, Belarus |  Belarus |
3–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 19 | 15 October 2008 | Dinamo Stadium, Minsk, Belarus | Belarus |
3–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 20 | 28 March 2009 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Slovakia |
4–0 | Win | Friendly |
| 21 | 28 March 2009 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Slovakia |
4–0 | Win | Friendly |
| 22 | 6 June 2009 | Almaty Central Stadium, Almaty, Kazakhstan | Kazakhstan |
4–0 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 23 | 10 June 2009 | Wembley Stadium, London, England |  Andorra |
6–0 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 24 | 10 June 2009 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Andorra |
6–0 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 25 | 9 September 2009 | Wembley Stadium, London, England | Croatia |
5–1 | Win | 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification |
| 26 | 7 September 2010 | St. Jakob-Park, Basel, Switzerland | Switzerland |
3–1 | Win | UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying |
| 27 | 2 September 2011 | Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia, Bulgaria |  Bulgaria |
3–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying |
| 28 | 2 September 2011 | Vasil Levski National Stadium, Sofia, Bulgaria | Bulgaria |
3–0 | Win | UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying |
Career statistics[link]
Club[link]
| Club | Season | League | Cup | League Cup | Europe | Other[nb 1] | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Everton | 2002–03 | 33 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | – | – | 37 | 8 | ||
| 2003–04 | 34 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – | – | 40 | 9 | |||
| Total | 67 | 15 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 2 | – | – | 77 | 17 | |||
| Manchester United | 2004–05 | 29 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 43 | 17 |
| 2005–06 | 36 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 19 | |
| 2006–07 | 35 | 14 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 23 | |
| 2007–08 | 27 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 43 | 18 | |
| 2008–09 | 30 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 49 | 20 | |
| 2009–10 | 32 | 26 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 44 | 34 | |
| 2010–11 | 28 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 40 | 16 | |
| 2011–12 | 34 | 27 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 44 | 35 | |
| Total | 251 | 129 | 26 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 71 | 31 | 7 | 4 | 366 | 182 | |
| Career total | 319 | 144 | 30 | 14 | 17 | 6 | 71 | 31 | 7 | 4 | 443 | 199 | |
Statistics accurate as of match played 13 May 2012[174][175]
International[link]
| England national team | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2003 | 9 | 3 |
| 2004 | 11 | 6 |
| 2005 | 8 | 2 |
| 2006 | 8 | 1 |
| 2007 | 4 | 2 |
| 2008 | 8 | 5 |
| 2009 | 9 | 6 |
| 2010 | 11 | 1 |
| 2011 | 5 | 2 |
| Total | 73 | 28 |
Statistics accurate as of match played 7 October 2011[176]
Honours[link]
Club[link]
- Manchester United
- Premier League (4): 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11
- Football League Cup (2): 2005–06, 2009–10
- FA Community Shield (3): 2007, 2010, 2011
- UEFA Champions League (1): 2007–08
- FIFA Club World Cup (1): 2008
Individual[link]
- PFA Players' Player of the Year (1): 2009–10
- PFA Young Player of the Year (2): 2004–05, 2005–06
- PFA Fans' Player of the Year (2): 2005–06, 2009–10
- PFA Premier League Team of the Year (3): 2005–06, 2009–10, 2011–12
- FWA Footballer of the Year (1): 2009–10
- Goal of the Season (3): 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11
- Goal of the Month (6): October 2003, January 2005, April 2005, January 2007, March 2007, February 2011
- Sir Matt Busby Player of the Year (2): 2005–06, 2009–10
- BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year (1): 2002
- Bravo Award (1): 2003
- UEFA Euro 2004 Team of the Tournament
- FIFPro World Young Player of the Year (1): 2004–05
- Premier League Player of the Month (5): February 2005, December 2005, March 2006, October 2007, January 2010
- Barclays Player of the Year (1): 2009–10
- Premier League 20 Seasons Awards (1992–93 to 2011–12):
- Best Goal (vs. Manchester City, 12 February 2011)
- FIFA Club World Cup Golden Ball (1): 2008
- England Player of the Year (2): 2008, 2009
- Golden Boot Landmark Award 20 (1): 2009–10
- FIFA/FIFPro World XI (1): 2011
Personal life[link]
In addition to Everton, Rooney also supports Celtic.[177]
In June 2011, he visited the Harley Street Hair Clinic and had a hair transplant.[178]
It was announced in July 2011, that Wayne Rooney's jersey was the best-selling sports product that is under the auspices of the Premier League. Manchester United sold, during the 2009-10 season, between 1.2 million and one and a half million shirts and it is estimated that of that, Rooney's name was printed on several hundred thousand. The account is taken from official jerseys sales across the globe, not just in England.[179]
Family[link]
Rooney met his wife, Coleen Rooney (née McLoughlin), while both were at secondary school.[180] They married on 12 June 2008 after six years of dating, during which Rooney admitted to soliciting prostitution in Liverpool in 2004. '"I was young and stupid. It was at a time when I was very young and immature and before I had settled down with Coleen."[181] He has a tattoo of the words "Just Enough Education to Perform", the title of an album by his favorite band, the Stereophonics; Coleen arranged for the group to play at their wedding reception.[182] The wedding ran into some controversy with the Catholic Church. The couple held a religious ceremony at the Abbey of Cervara, a converted monastery near Genoa, despite being warned by the local bishop's office against the plan. The bishop's office told the Rooneys that La Cervara is deconsecrated and not suitable for a wedding.[183] It suggested a different church, five miles away.[183] Nevertheless, the couple ignored the advice and Father Edward Quinn, their local priest from Croxteth, presided over a ceremony in which rings were exchanged.[184]
In April 2006, he was awarded £100,000 in libel damages from tabloids The Sun and News of the World, who had claimed that he had assaulted Coleen in a nightclub. Rooney donated the money to charity.[185]
The Rooneys reside in a £4.25 million mansion in the village of Prestbury, Cheshire,[186] which was built by a company owned by Dawn Ward, the wife of former Sheffield United striker Ashley Ward.[187] He also owns property in Port Charlotte, Florida.[188] While Rooney was house hunting in Cheshire after signing with Manchester United, he spotted a pub sign that read "Admiral Rodney", which he misread as "Admiral Rooney." He nonetheless considered it a positive omen for his future home.[189][190] Rooney owns a French mastiff dog, which was reportedly bought for £1,250.[191]
Rooney's wife Coleen announced on 7 April 2009 that the couple were expecting their first baby.[192] Coleen gave birth to their son, Kai Wayne Rooney, on 2 November 2009.[193]
Rooney's younger brother, John Rooney, is also a professional footballer, who has played with Macclesfield Town, and in January 2011 signed a contract to play in Major League Soccer in the United States.[194] John was selected by the New York Red Bulls in the second round of the 2011 MLS SuperDraft.[195]
Commercial interests[link]
Rooney has endorsement deals with Nike[196] (he is the face of their T90 Laser IV boots[197]), Nokia,[198] Ford,[199][200] Asda,[201] and Coca-Cola.[202] He has appeared on six straight UK-version covers of Electronic Arts' FIFA series from FIFA 06 (2005) to FIFA 12 (2011).[203][204][205] In October 2010, Rooney was dropped by Coca-Cola from one of its advertising campaigns in the wake of allegations about his private life.[206]
On 9 March 2006, Rooney signed the largest sports book deal in publishing history with HarperCollins,[207] who granted him a £5 million advance plus royalties for a minimum of five books to be published over a twelve-year period. The first, My Story So Far, an autobiography ghostwritten by Hunter Davies, was published after the 2006 World Cup.[208] The second publication, The Official Wayne Rooney Annual, was aimed at the teenage market and edited by football journalist Chris Hunt.[209]
In July 2006, Rooney's lawyers went to the United Nations' World Intellectual Property Organisation to gain ownership of the Internet domain names waynerooney.com and waynerooney.co.uk, both of which Welsh actor Huw Marshall registered in 2002.[210] Three months later, the WIPO awarded Rooney the rights to waynerooney.com.[211]
Paul Stretford controversy[link]
In July 2002, while Rooney was with Everton, agent Paul Stretford encouraged Rooney and his parents to enter the player into an eight-year contract with Proactive Sports Management. However, Rooney was already with another representation firm at the time, while Stretford's transaction went unreported to the FA, and he was thus charged with improper conduct. Stretford alleged in his October 2004 trial that he had secretly recorded boxing promoter John Hyland (an associate of Rooney's first agent) and two other men threatening and attempting to blackmail him for an undisclosed percentage of Rooney's earnings.[212]
Stretford's case collapsed due to evidence that conflicted with his insistence that he had not signed Rooney, and on 9 July 2008, he was found guilty of "making of false and/or misleading witness statements to police, and giving false and/or misleading testimony."[212] In addition, the contract to which Stretford had signed Rooney was two years longer than the limit allowed by the FA. Stretford was fined £300,000 and banned from working as a football agent for eighteen months, a verdict he promptly appealed.[212]
Stretford left Proactive in 2008 and took Rooney with him. Proactive later sued Rooney, claiming £4.3 million in withheld commissions. In July 2010, Proactive was awarded only £90,000 as restitution.[213]
David Moyes[link]
On 1 September 2006, Everton manager David Moyes sued Rooney for libel after the tabloid newspaper the Daily Mail published excerpts from Rooney's 2006 autobiography that accused the manager of leaking Rooney's reasons for leaving the club to the press.[214] The case was settled out of court for £500,000 on 3 June 2008, and Rooney apologised to Moyes for "false claims" he had made in the book regarding the matter.[215]
Allegations of infidelity[link]
Rooney reportedly had sex with prostitute Jennifer Thompson on a number of occasions in 2009, while his wife Coleen was pregnant with son Kai.[216][217] Prostitute Helen Wood says Rooney paid £1,000 for a threesome with her and Jennifer Thompson in a Manchester hotel whilst Coleen was five months pregnant.[218] It was reported his solicitors tried to fight the allegations when they first surfaced in early August 2010, but he was unable to prevent the publication of the fresh allegations as he had previously spoken of his shame at paying for sex.[219][220] Alex Ferguson has suggested Rooney's form for Manchester United had suffered as he struggled to cope with the intense media scrutiny surrounding his private life due to these allegations.[221]
Notes[link]
- ^ Includes other competitive competitions, including the FA Community Shield, UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup.
References[link]
- ^ "Premier League clubs submit squad lists" (PDF). PremierLeague.com. Premier League. 2 February 2012. p. 23. http://www.premierleague.com/content/dam/premierleague/site-content/News/publications/squad-lists/squad-lists-february-2012.pdf. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
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- ^ "Man Utd 2-3 Atletico Bilbao" 8 March 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney's warm up shot broke 9-year-old boy's wrist". inside World Soccer. 23 March 2012. http://www.insideworldsoccer.com/2012/03/wayne-rooneys-warm-up-shot-broke-9-year.html.
- ^ Aussies stun England BBC Sport, 13 February 2003
- ^ Rooney leads escape from Skopje The Independent, 7 September 2003
- ^ The kids are alright: Football's youngest ever The Telegraph, 1 October 2008
- ^ England 3-0 Switzerland BBC Sport, 17 June 2004
- ^ Switzerland 1-3 France BBC Sport, 21 June 2004
- ^ Portugal break England hearts BBC Sport, 24 June 2004
- ^ Injured Rooney a World Cup doubt BBC Sport, 30 April 2006
- ^ England's previous World Cup injury woes The Telegraph, 12 February 2010
- ^ Rooney Set To Start Against Sweden Sky News, 18 June 2006
- ^ Sweden 2-2 England BBC Sport, 20 June 2006
- ^ England pay penalty for Rooney's red The Observer, 2 July 2006
- ^ a b c Rooney's dismissal stuns England BBC Sport, 1 July 2006
- ^ "Rooney claim: No intent and no ill will". Soccernet (ESPN). 3 July 2006. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=373186&cc=5739. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
- ^ "Ronaldo cleared over Rooney red card". Soccernet (ESPN). 4 July 2006. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=373212&cc=5739. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
- ^ "FIFA hands Rooney two-match ban". ESPN Soccernet. 8 July 2006. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=373529&cc=5739. Retrieved 17 November 2006.
- ^ "England v Algeria: Wayne Rooney blasts 'loyal supporters' for booing team". The Telegraph (London). 18 June 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup-2010/teams/england/7839459/England-v-Algeria-Wayne-Rooney-blasts-loyal-supporters-for-booing-team.html. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ Andrew Cawthorne (19 June 2010). "England's Rooney says sorry for rant on camera". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE65I27K20100619. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ http://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/blog/dirty-tackle/post/Rooney-red-carded-day-after-dad-arrested-over-su?urn=sow-wp5520
- ^ http://www.mirrorfootball.co.uk/news/Wayne-Rooney-sent-off-in-England-s-crucial-Euro-2012-qualifier-in-Montenegro-article809273.html
- ^ "Wayne Rooney red card against Montenegro ridiculed by England goalkeeper Joe Hart as a 'pathetic sending-off'". The Daily Telegraph (London). 8 October 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/8815048/Wayne-Rooney-red-card-against-Montenegro-ridiculed-by-England-goalkeeper-Joe-Hart-as-a-pathetic-sending-off.html.
- ^ The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/3989328/FA-defend-Wayne-Rooney-Euro-2012-appeal.html.
- ^ "Rooney ban reduced to two games". BBC News. 8 December 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/16064924.stm.
- ^ "Wayne Mark Rooney - Goals in International Matches". Rec.Sports.Soccer Statistics Foundation. http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/rooney-intlg.html. Retrieved 2 April 2011.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney - Player Report". England Stats. http://www.englandstats.com/playerreport.php?pid=1126. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ Endlar, Andrew. "Wayne Rooney". StretfordEnd.co.uk. http://www.stretfordend.co.uk/playermenu/rooney.html. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney's Bio, Stat, Profile". ESPN. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/player/_/id/21046/wayne-rooney?cc=5901. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney International". National-Football-Teams.com. http://www.national-football-teams.com/v2/player.php?id=2189. Retrieved 7 October 2011.
- ^ Devlin, Andy (26 November 2010). "I'm a Hoops fan so it felt FANTASTIC to stick one on Rangers". London: Daily Record. http://www.thesun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/sport/spl/3246464/Im-a-Hoops-fan-so-it-felt-FANTASTIC-to-stick-one-on-Rangers.html. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney had hair transplant at Harley Street clinic". The Daily Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group). 4 June 2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/wayne-rooney/8556643/Wayne-Rooney-had-hair-transplant-at-Harley-Street-clinic.html. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
- ^ "Manchester United's Wayne Rooney is king of the replica kit". The Guardian (London). 22 July 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/jul/22/wayne-rooney-manchester-united.
- ^ Wayne Rooney's wife Coleen gives birth to baby boy guardian.co.uk, 2 November 2009
- ^ "Rooney admits prostitute visits". BBC News. 22 April 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/3588112.stm. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney gets Stereophonics tattoo". NME.com. 9 June 2008. http://www.nme.com/news/stereophonics/37949. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ a b 'I want three or four children,' reveals Wayne as he and Coleen start planning a family Mail Online, 16 June 2008
- ^ Moore, Malcolm (16 June 2008). "Wayne Rooney's wedding to Coleen McLoughlin 'not valid', says Catholic Church". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/2138867/Wayne-Rooneys-wedding-to-Coleen-McLoughlin-not-valid-says-Catholic-Church.html. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Tryhorn, Chris (12 April 2006). "Rooney wins £100k damages". London: guardian.co.uk. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/apr/12/newsoftheworld.sun. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Seddon, Holly (9 April 2010). "Wayne Rooney – Living next door to the stars". MSN. http://money.uk.msn.com/msn-local/photos.aspx?cp-documentid=152968524&page=6. Retrieved 18 April 2010.
- ^ "Blackburn Rovers Ex-File: Ashley Ward". Lancashire Telegraph. 10 January 2010. http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/4842285.Blackburn_Rovers_Ex_File__Ashley_Ward/. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
- ^ Flynn, Brian (8 January 2007). "Col and Wayne are Dunroonin". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article7136.ece. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Kicker, 18 April 2006, p. 79-80
- ^ Wayne Rooney: England striker at World Cup 2010 The Telegraph, 10 May 2010
- ^ "Rooney blows £1.2k on dog". SundayMirror.co.uk (Trinity Mirror). 6 January 2008. http://www.mirror.co.uk/sunday-mirror/2008/01/06/roo-mutt-utd-98487-20275714/. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ COLEEN EXCLUSIVE: I'M PREGNANT! OK Magazine, 8 April 2009
- ^ Coleen Rooney gives birth to boy BBC News, 2 November 2009
- ^ "Exclusive interview with John Rooney". MLSSoccer.com. 28 December 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110112214118/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/exclusive-interview-john-rooney. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ John Rooney Major League Soccer
- ^ "Nike attacked over Rooney 'warrior' picture". Mail Online (London). 21 June 2006. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-391684/Nike-attacked-Rooney-warrior-picture.html. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ "Rooney and the Nike T90 Laser IV". FootballBoots.co.uk. 15 September 2011. http://www.footballboots.co.uk/3531-rooney-and-the-nike-t90-laser-iv.html. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
- ^ "Ronaldinho is footballer with the world's highest brand value". BBDO Germany. 30 March 2006. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060427020240/http://www.bbdo.de/de/home/presse/aktuell/2006/30_03_06_soccer-ranking.html. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ Evening Standard: Analysis - The marketing of Wayne Rooney David Rowan, 23 June 2004
- ^ Wayne's world The Guardian, 10 October 2003
- ^ "Wayne Rooney "deal" for upmarket Asda". TalkingRetail.com. 15 March 2006. http://www.talkingretail.com/news/1786/Wayne-Rooney-deal-for-upmarket.ehtml%20talkingretail.com. Retrieved 8 September 2008.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney talks FIFA World Cup™". Coca-Cola. 2010. http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/world-cup/wayne-rooney-world-cup-interview.html. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
- ^ "FIFA 07". Electronic Arts. http://www.ea.com/uk/game/fifa-07. Retrieved 22 March 2011.
- ^ Rooney 'continues to represent EA Sports,' says EA Video Gamer, 6 September 2010
- ^ Wayne Rooney’s FIFA 11 Dream Team EA, 20 October 2010
- ^ "Wayne Rooney dropped from Coca-Cola campaign". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). 4 October 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9059509.stm. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
- ^ "Striker Rooney nets £5m book deal". BBC News. 10 March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4790978.stm. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
- ^ We want footie, not flimflam The Observer, 30 July 2006
- ^ Brought to book: The ultimate guide to life inside 'the bubble' The Independent, 7 October 2006
- ^ "Rooney's legal fight for website". BBC News. 23 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/5207766.stm. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
- ^ "Rooney wins his fight for website". BBC News. 13 October 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/north_east/6048958.stm. Retrieved 22 February 2007.
- ^ a b c Wayne Rooney's agent, Paul Stretford, banned The Telegraph, 22 July 2008
- ^ Manchester United's Wayne Rooney wins court case brought by Proactive guardian.co.uk, 15 July 2010
- ^ Paolo Bandini & agencies (1 September 2006). "Rooney book could be pulped". The Guardian (London). http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,1862946,00.html. Retrieved 1 September 2006.
- ^ Wayne Rooney settles autobiography libel dispute The Telegraph, 3 June 2008
- ^ "Wayne Rooney cheats on pregnant wife Coleen with £1k-a-night prostitute". Mirror.co.uk. 4 September 2010. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2010/09/04/wayne-rooney-cheats-on-pregnant-wife-coleen-with-1k-a-night-prostitute-115875-22537906/. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
- ^ "Wayne Rooney prostitute Jennifer Thompson shamelessly breaks cover as disgraced fooballer jets off to Switzerland with England squad". London: Mail Online. 6 September 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1309527/Wayne-Rooney-prostitute-Jennifer-Thompson-shamelessly-breaks-cover.html. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Rayner, Gordon (13 April 2011). "Leading actor's gagging order over affair with Rooney prostitute". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/8448715/Leading-actors-gagging-order-over-affair-with-Rooney-prostitute.html. Retrieved 13 April 2011.
- ^ Moore, Matthew (5 September 2010). "Wayne Rooney 'slept with prostitute while wife Coleen was pregnant'". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/england/7982734/Wayne-Rooney-slept-with-prostitute-while-wife-Coleen-was-pregnant.html. Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- ^ Luard, Elisabeth (12 September 2010). "Wayne Rooney made one mistake - he got caught". London: The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/wayne-rooney/7996698/Wayne-Rooney-made-one-mistake-he-got-caught.html. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
- ^ Taylor, Daniel (23 September 2010). "Wayne Rooney's game is hurting in media glare, says Sir Alex Ferguson". guardian.co.uk (London: The Guardian). http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2010/sep/23/wayne-rooney-form-suffers-media-glare. Retrieved 23 September 2010.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wayne Rooney |
- Wayne Rooney profile ManUtd.com
- Wayne Rooney career stats at Soccerbase
- Wayne Rooney – FIFA competition record
- Wayne Rooney – UEFA competition record
- European Cup/UEFA Champions League Winning Squads RSSSF
- Wayne Rooney on Playerhistory.com
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rooney, Wayne Mark |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Footballer |
| Date of birth | 24 October 1985 |
| Place of birth | Liverpool, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Rooney
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Personal information | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Sir Robert Charlton CBE | ||
| Date of birth | (1937-10-11) 11 October 1937 (age 74) | ||
| Place of birth | Ashington, England | ||
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | ||
| Playing position | Offensive Midfielder Forward |
||
| Youth career | |||
| East Northumberland Schools | |||
| 1953–1956 | Manchester United | ||
| Senior career* | |||
| Years | Team | Apps† | (Gls)† |
| 1956–1973 | Manchester United | 606 | (199) |
| 1973–1975 | Preston North End | 38 | (8) |
| 1976 | Waterford | 3 | (1) |
| Total | 799 | (258) | |
| National team | |||
| 1953 | England Schoolboys | 4 | (5) |
| 1954 | England Youth | 1 | (1) |
| 1958–1960 | England U23 | 6 | (5) |
| 1958–1970 | England | 106 | (49) |
| Teams managed | |||
| 1973–1975 | Preston North End | ||
| 1983 | Wigan Athletic (caretaker manager) | ||
| * Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals). |
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Sir Robert "Bobby" Charlton CBE (born 11 October 1937 in Ashington, Northumberland) is an English former professional football player, widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. A member of the England team who won the World Cup and Ballon d'Or for European Footballer of the Year in 1966. He played almost all of his club football at Manchester United, where he became renowned for his attacking instincts and passing abilities from midfield and his ferocious long-range shot. He was also well known for his fitness and stamina, allowing him to dominate the pitch. His elder brother Jack, who was also in the World Cup-winning team, is an ex-defender for Leeds United and manager.
He began to play for Manchester United's first team in 1956, and over the next two seasons gained a regular place in the team, during which time he survived the Munich air disaster of 1958 after being rescued by Harry Gregg. After helping United to win the Football League in 1965, he won a World Cup medal with England in 1966 and another Football League title with United the following year. In 1968, he captained the Manchester United team that won the European Cup, scoring two goals in the final to help his team be the first English side to win the competition. He has scored more goals for England and United than any other player. Charlton held the record for most appearances for Manchester United (758),[1] but this was surpassed by Ryan Giggs on 21 May 2008 (the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final). Charlton also held the club record for most league appearances (606) until this too was overtaken by Ryan Giggs on 6 March 2011.
In January 2011 Charlton was voted the 4th greatest Manchester United player of all time by the readers of Inside United and ManUtd.com, behind Ryan Giggs (who topped the poll), Eric Cantona and George Best.[2]
At the time of his retirement from the England team in 1970, he was the nation's most capped player, having turned out 106 times at the highest level. This record has since been eclipsed by Bobby Moore, Peter Shilton and then David Beckham.
He left Manchester United to become manager of Preston North End for the 1973–74 season.[3] He changed to player-manager the following season, but early in the 1975–76 season left them after having decided management was not for him. He next accepted a post as a director with Wigan Athletic, then became a member of Manchester United's board of directors in 1984[4] and remains one as of June 2011. He set goalscoring records for both the England team and Manchester United, with both records remaining intact some 35 years after the end of his playing career. He was knighted in 1994.
Sir Bobby Charlton is a member of the Laureus World Sports Academy.[5]
Contents
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Background[link]
Charlton was related to several professional footballers on his mother's side of the family: his uncles were Jack Milburn (Leeds United and Bradford City), George Milburn (Leeds United and Chesterfield), Jim Milburn (Leeds United and Bradford City) and Stan Milburn (Chesterfield, Leicester City and Rochdale), and legendary Newcastle United and England footballer Jackie Milburn was his mother's cousin. However, Charlton credits much of the early development of his career to his grandfather Tanner and his mother Cissie.[6] His elder brother, Jack, initially went to work applying to the Police Service before also becoming a professional footballer with Leeds United.
On 9 February 1953, Bedlington Grammar School pupil Charlton was spotted playing for East Northumberland schools by Manchester United chief scout Joe Armstrong. Charlton went on to play for England schoolboys, and despite offers that followed from several other clubs, the 15-year-old signed with United on 1 January 1953, along with Wilf McGuinness, also aged 15.[7] Initially his mother was reluctant to let him commit to an insecure football career, so he began an apprenticeship as an electrical engineer; however he went on to turn professional in October 1954.[8]
Charlton became one of the famed Busby Babes, the collection of precociously talented footballers who emerged through the system at Old Trafford in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as Matt Busby set about a long-term plan of rebuilding the club after the Second World War. He worked his way through the pecking order of teams, scoring regularly for the youth and reserve sides before he was handed his first team debut against Charlton Athletic in October 1956. At the same time, he was doing his National Service with the Royal Army Ordnance Corps in Shrewsbury, where Busby had advised him to apply as it meant he could still play for United at the weekend. Also doing his army service in Shrewsbury at the same time was his United team-mate Duncan Edwards.[9]
Early career[link]
Charlton played 14 times for United in that first season, scoring twice on his debut and managing a total of 12 goals in all competitions, and including a hat-trick in a 5–1 away win over Charlton Athletic in the February. United won the League championship but were denied the 20th century's first "double" when they controversially lost the 1957 FA Cup final to Aston Villa. Charlton, still only 19, was selected for the game, which saw United goalkeeper Ray Wood carried off with a broken cheekbone after a clash with Villa centre forward Peter McParland. Though Charlton was a candidate to go in goal to replace Wood (in the days before substitutes, and certainly before goalkeeping substitutes), it was teammate Jackie Blanchflower who ended up between the posts.
Charlton was an established player by the time the next season was fully underway, which saw United, as current League champions, become the first English team to compete in the European Cup. Previously, the Football Association had scorned the competition but United made progress, reaching the semi-finals where they lost to holders Real Madrid. Their reputation was further enhanced the next season as they reached the quarter finals to play Red Star Belgrade. In the first leg at home, United won 2–1. The return in Yugoslavia saw Charlton score twice as United stormed 3–0 ahead, although the hosts came back to earn a 3–3 draw. However, United maintained their aggregate lead to reach the last four and were in jubilant mood as they left to catch their flight home, thinking of an important League game against Wolves at the weekend.
The Munich air disaster[link]
See also: Munich air disaster
The aeroplane which took the United players and staff home from Zemun Airport needed to stop in Munich to refuel. This was carried out in worsening weather, and by the time the refuelling was complete and the call was made for the passengers to re-board the aircraft, the wintry showers had taken hold and snow had settled heavily on the runway and around the airport. There were two aborted take-offs which led to concern on board, and the passengers were advised by a stewardess to disembark again while a minor technical error was fixed.
The team was back in the airport terminal barely ten minutes when the call to reconvene on the plane came, and a number of passengers began to feel nervous. Charlton and teammate Dennis Viollet swapped places with Tommy Taylor and David Pegg, who had decided they would be safer at the back of the plane.
The plane clipped the fence at the end of the runway on its next take-off attempt and a wing tore through a nearby house, setting it alight. The wing and part of the tail came off and hit a tree and a wooden hut, the plane spinning along the snow until coming to a halt. It had been cut in half.
Charlton, strapped into his seat, had fallen out of the cabin and when United goalkeeper Harry Gregg (who had somehow got through a hole in the plane unscathed and begun a one-man rescue mission) found him, he thought he was dead. That said, he grabbed both Charlton and Viollet by their trouser waistbands and dragged them away from the plane in constant fear that it would explode. Gregg returned to the plane to try to help the appallingly injured Busby and Blanchflower, and when he turned around again, he was relieved to see that Charlton and Viollet, both of whom he had presumed to be dead, had got out of their detached seats and were looking into the wreckage.
Charlton suffered cuts to his head and severe shock and was in hospital for a week. Seven of his teammates had perished at the scene, including Taylor and Pegg, with whom he and Viollet had swapped seats prior to the fatal take-off attempt. Club captain Roger Byrne was also killed, along with Mark Jones, Billy Whelan, Eddie Colman and Geoff Bent. Duncan Edwards died a fortnight later from the injuries he had sustained. In total, the crash claimed 23 lives. Initially, ice on the wings was blamed, but a later inquiry declared that slush on the runway had made a safe take-off almost impossible.
Charlton was the first injured survivor to leave hospital, Harry Gregg and Bill Foulkes were not hospitalized since they escaped uninjured. He arrived back in England on 14 February 1958, eight days after the crash. As he convalesced with family in Ashington, he spent some time kicking a ball around with local youths, and a famous photograph of him was taken. He was still only 20 years old, yet now there was an expectation that he would help with the rebuilding of the club as Busby's aides tried to piece together what remained of the season. He returned to playing in an FA cup tie against West Bromwich Albion on 1 March; the game was a draw and United won the replay 1–0.
Not unexpectedly, United went out of the European Cup to Milan in the semi-finals to a 5–2 aggregate defeat and fell behind in the League. Yet somehow they reached their second consecutive FA Cup final, and the big day at Wembley coincided with Busby's return to work. However, his words could not inspire a side which was playing on a nation's goodwill and sentiment, and Nat Lofthouse scored twice to give Bolton Wanderers side a 2–0 win.
United and England[link]
At the same time, Charlton's emergence as the country's leading young football talent was completed when he was called up to join the England squad for a British Home Championship game against Scotland at Hampden Park. It would be the start of a long, prolific, record-breaking and globally respected career for his country.
Charlton was handed his debut as England romped home 4–0, with the new player gaining even more admirers after scoring a magnificent thumping volley dispatched with authority after a cross by the left winger Tom Finney. He scored both goals in his second game as England beat Portugal 2–1 in a friendly at Wembley; and overcame obvious nerves on a return to Belgrade to play his third match against Yugoslavia. England lost that game 5–0 and Charlton played poorly. He was selected for the squad which competed at the 1958 World Cup in Sweden, but didn't kick a ball, something at which critics expressed surprise and bewilderment,[citation needed] even allowing for his lacklustre performance in Belgrade.
Charlton began to settle back into his footballing life with Manchester United and England and enhanced his reputation as a scorer of great goals as well as a great goalscorer – rarely is a player regarded as both. In 1959 he scored a hat-trick as England demolished the US 8–1; and his second England hat-trick came in 1961 in an 8–0 thrashing of Mexico. He also managed to score in every British Home Championship tournament he played in except 1963 in an association with the tournament which lasted from 1958 to 1970 and included 16 goals and ten tournament victories (five shared).
He played in qualifiers for the 1962 World Cup in Chile against Luxembourg and Portugal and was named in the squad for the finals themselves. His goal in the 3–1 group win over Argentina was his 25th for England in just 38 appearances, but his individual success could not be replicated by that of the team, which was eliminated in the quarter final by Brazil, who went on to win the tournament.
Further success with Manchester United came at last when they beat Leicester City 3–1 in the FA Cup final of 1963, with Charlton finally earning a winners' medal in his third final. Busby's post-Munich rebuilding programme continued to progress with two League championships within three seasons, with United taking the title in 1965 and 1967. In between, there was the pressing matter for Charlton of the 1966 World Cup for which England, as hosts, had not needed to qualify. A successful (though trophyless) season with Manchester United had seen him take the honours of Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year and European Footballer Of The Year into the competition.
By now, England were coached by Alf Ramsey who had managed to gain sole control of the recruitment and team selection procedure from the committee-based call-up system which had lasted up to the previous World Cup. Ramsey had already cleared out some of the older players who had been reliant on the loyalty of the committee for their continued selection – it was well known that decorum on the pitch at club level had been just as big a factor in playing for England as ability and form.[citation needed] Luckily for Charlton, he had all three.
A hat-trick in the 8–1 rout of Switzerland in June 1963 took Charlton's England goal tally to 30, equalling the record jointly held by Tom Finney and Nat Lofthouse and Charlton's 31st goal against Wales in October the same year gave him the record alone. Charlton's role was developing from traditional inside-forward to what today would be termed an attacking midfield player, with Ramsey planning to build the team for the 1966 World Cup around him. His goals became a little less frequent, and indeed Jimmy Greaves, playing purely as a striker, would overtake Charlton's England tally in October 1964. Nevertheless, he was still scoring and creating freely and as the tournament was about to start, he was expected to become one of its stars and galvanise his established reputation as one of the world's best footballers.
World Cup winner[link]
England drew the opening game of the tournament 0–0 with Uruguay, and Charlton scored the first goal in the 2–0 win over Mexico. This was followed by an identical scoreline against France, allowing England to qualify for the quarter finals.
England defeated Argentina 1–0 – the game was the only one in which Charlton received a caution – and faced Portugal in the semi finals. This turned out to be one of Charlton's most important games for England.
Charlton opened the scoring with a crisp side-footed finish after a run by Roger Hunt had forced the Portuguese goalkeeper out of his net; his second was a sweetly struck shot after a run and pull-back from Geoff Hurst. Charlton and Hunt were now England's joint-highest scorers in the tournament with three each, and a final against West Germany beckoned.
The final turned out to be one of Charlton's quieter days; he and a young Franz Beckenbauer effectively marked each other out of the game. England won 4–2 after extra time.
European Cup winner[link]
Charlton's next England game was his 75th as England beat Northern Ireland; 2 caps later and he had become England's second most-capped player, behind the veteran Billy Wright, who was approaching his 100th appearance when Charlton was starting out and ended with 105 caps.
In 1968, Manchester United reached the European Cup final, ten seasons after Munich. Even though other clubs had taken part in the competition in the intervening decade, the team which got to this final was still the first English side to do so. On a highly emotional night at Wembley, Charlton scored twice in a 4–1 win after extra time against Benfica and, as United captain, lifted the trophy. Weeks later he scored his 45th England goal in a friendly against Sweden, breaking the record of 44 set the previous year by Jimmy Greaves. He was then in the England team which made it to the semi-finals of the 1968 European Championships where they were knocked out by Yugoslavia in Florence but he did not play in the semi-final itself having picked up an injury in a friendly against Sweden. England defeated the Soviet Union 2–0 in the third place match.
In 1969, Charlton was awarded the OBE for services to football. More milestones followed as he won his 100th England cap on 21 April 1970 against Northern Ireland, and was made captain by Ramsey for the occasion. Inevitably, he scored. This was his 48th goal for his country – his 49th and final goal would follow a month later in a 4–0 win over Colombia during a warm-up tour for the 1970 World Cup, designed to get the players adapted to altitude conditions. Charlton's inevitable selection by Ramsey for the tournament made him the first – and still, to date, only – England player to feature in four World Cup squads.
World Cup 1970 and retirement[link]
Shortly before the World Cup Charlton was involved in the Bogotá Bracelet incident in which he and Bobby Moore were accused of stealing a bracelet from a jewellery store. Moore was later arrested and detained for four days before being granted a conditional release, while Charlton was not arrested.
England began the tournament with two victories in the group stages, plus a memorable defeat against Brazil. Charlton played in all three, though was substituted for Alan Ball in the final game of the group against Czechoslovakia. Ramsey, confident of victory and progress to the quarter final, wanted Charlton to rest.
England duly reached the last eight where they again faced West Germany. Charlton controlled the midfield and suppressed Franz Beckenbauer's runs from deep as England coasted to a 2–0 lead. Beckenbauer pulled a goal back for the Germans and Ramsey replaced the ageing and tired Charlton with Colin Bell who further tested the German keeper Maier and also provided a great cross for Geoff Hurst who uncharacteristically squandered the chance. West Germany, who had a habit of coming back from behind, eventually scored twice – a back header from Uwe Seeler made it 2–2 after which Gerd Müller's goal finished England off. England were out and, after a record 106 caps and 49 goals, Charlton decided to end his international career at the age of 32. On the flight home from Mexico, he asked Ramsey not to consider him again. His brother Jack, two years his senior but 71 caps his junior, did likewise.
Despite popular opinion the substitution did not change the game as Franz Beckenbauer had scored before Charlton left the field, hence Charlton had failed to cancel out the German. Charlton himself conceded that the substitution did not affect the game in a BBC documentary. His caps record lasted until 1973 when Bobby Moore overtook him, and Charlton currently lies fourth in the all-time England appearances list behind Moore, David Beckham and Peter Shilton, whose own England career began in the first game after Charlton's had ended. As of March 2012, Charlton's goalscoring record still stands.[10]
During the early 1970s, Manchester United were no longer competing among the top teams in England, and at several stages were battling against relegation. At times, Charlton was not on speaking terms with United's other superstars George Best and Denis Law, and Best refused to play in Charlton's testimonial match against Celtic, saying that "to do so would be hypocritical".[11] Charlton left Manchester United at the end of the 1972–73 season, having scored 249 goals and set a club record of 758 appearances, a record which Ryan Giggs broke in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final. His goalscoring record, however, is still intact by a comfortable margin.
His last game was against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge on 28 April 1973, and before the game the BBC cameras for Match of the Day captured the Chelsea chairman handing Charlton a commemorative cigarette case. The match ended in a 1-0 defeat[12] His final goal had come a month earlier, on 31 March, in a 2-0 win at Southampton, also in the First Division.[13]
International goals[link]
- Scores and results list England's goal tally first.[14]
| Date | Venue | Opponent | Result | Competition | Scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 April 1958 | Hampden Park, Glasgow |  Scotland |
4–0 | British Home Championship | 1 (1) |
| 7 May 1958 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Portugal |
2–1 | Friendly match | 2 (3) |
| 4 October 1958 | Windsor Park, Belfast |  Northern Ireland |
3–3 | British Home Championship | 2 (5) |
| 22 October 1958 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Soviet Union |
5–0 | Friendly match | 1 (6) |
| 11 April 1959 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Scotland |
1–0 | British Home Championship | 1 (7) |
| 6 May 1959 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Italy |
2–2 | Friendly match | 1 (8) |
| 28 May 1959 | Wrigley Field, Los Angeles |  United States |
8–1 | Friendly match | 3 (11) |
| 28 October 1959 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Sweden |
2–3 | Friendly match | 1 (12) |
| 9 April 1960 | Hampden Park, Glasgow | Scotland |
1–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (13) |
| 8 October 1960 | Windsor Park, Belfast | Northern Ireland |
5–2 | British Home Championship | 1 (14) |
| 15 October 1960 | Stade Municipal, Luxembourg-Ville | Luxembourg |
9–0 | 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification | 3 (17) |
| 23 November 1960 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Wales |
5–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (18) |
| 10 May 1961 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Mexico |
8–0 | Friendly match | 3 (21) |
| 28 September 1961 | Highbury, London | Luxembourg |
4–1 | 1962 FIFA World Cup qualification | 2 (23) |
| 22 November 1961 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Northern Ireland |
1–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (24) |
| 2 June 1962 | Estadio El Teniente, Rancagua | Argentina |
3–1 | 1962 FIFA World Cup | 1 (25) |
| 29 May 1963 | Tehelné Pole, Bratislava |  Czechoslovakia |
4–2 | Friendly match | 1 (26) |
| 2 June 1963 | Zentralstadion, Leipzig |  East Germany |
2–1 | Friendly match | 1 (27) |
| 5 June 1963 | St. Jakob-Park, Basel | Switzerland |
8–1 | Friendly match | 3 (30) |
| 12 October 1963 | Ninian Park, Cardiff | Wales |
4–0 | British Home Championship | 1 (31) |
| 17 May 1964 | Estádio Nacional, Lisbon | Portugal |
4–3 | Friendly match | 1 (32) |
| 27 May 1964 | Downing Stadium, New York City | United States |
10–0 | Friendly match | 1 (33) |
| 11 April 1965 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Scotland |
2–2 | British Home Championship | 1 (34) |
| 20 October 1965 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Austria |
2–3 | Friendly match | 1 (35) |
| 2 April 1966 | Hampden Park, Glasgow | Scotland |
4–3 | British Home Championship | 1 (36) |
| 4 May 1966 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Yugoslavia |
2–0 | Friendly match | 1 (37) |
| 16 June 1966 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Mexico |
2–0 | 1966 FIFA World Cup | 1 (38) |
| 26 July 1966 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Portugal |
2–1 | 1966 FIFA World Cup | 2 (40) |
| 16 November 1966 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Wales |
5–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (41) |
| 21 October 1967 | Ninian Park, Cardiff | Wales |
2–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (42) |
| 22 November 1967 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Northern Ireland |
2–0 | British Home Championship | 1 (43) |
| 3 April 1968 | Empire Stadium, Wembley |  Spain |
1–0 | 1968 UEFA European Football Championship qualifier | 1 (44) |
| 22 May 1968 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Sweden |
3–1 | Friendly match | 1 (45) |
| 8 June 1968 | Stadio Olimpico, Rome | Soviet Union |
2–0 | 1968 UEFA European Football Championship | 1 (46) |
| 7 May 1969 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Wales |
2–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (47) |
| 21 April 1970 | Empire Stadium, Wembley | Northern Ireland |
3–1 | British Home Championship | 1 (48) |
| 20 May 1970 | Estadio El Campín, Bogotá |  Colombia |
4–0 | Friendly match | 1 (49) |
Later life[link]
Charlton became the manager of Preston North End in 1973, signing his former United and England team-mate Nobby Stiles as player-coach. His first season ended in relegation and although he began playing again he left Preston early in the 1975–76 season after a disagreement with the board over the transfer of John Bird to Newcastle United.[15][16] He was awarded the CBE that year and began a casual association with the BBC for punditry on matches which continued for many years. In early 1976, he scored once in 3 league appearances for Waterford United.
In 1978 he made 1 appearance for Shrewsbury Town in a friendly against the Zambia national team at Gay Meadow, Shrewsbury.
He then joined Wigan Athletic as a director, and was briefly caretaker manager there. He then spent some time playing in South Africa.[17] He also built up several businesses in areas such as travel, jewellery and hampers, and ran soccer schools in the UK, the US, Canada, Australia and China. In 1984, he was invited to become member of the board of directors at Manchester United, partly because of his football knowledge and partly because it was felt that the club needed a "name" on the board after the resignation of Sir Matt Busby.[18] He remains a director of Manchester United as of 2012 and his continued presence was a factor in placating many fans opposed to the club's takeover by Malcolm Glazer. Charlton led the Manchester United side in receiving the European Cup in 2008, 50 years on from the Munich air disaster – Charlton initially refused UEFA President Michel Platini's offer of a winners' medal, having not participated in the match itself.[citation needed]
Charlton helped to promote Manchester's bids for the 1996 and 2000 Olympic Games and the 2002 Commonwealth Games, England's bid for the 2006 FIFA World Cup and London's successful bid for the 2012 Olympic Games.[19] He received a knighthood in 1994 and was an Inaugural Inductee to the English Football Hall of Fame in 2002. On accepting his award he commented "I'm really proud to be included in the National Football Museum's Hall of Fame. It's a great honour. If you look at the names included I have to say I couldn't argue with them. They are all great players and people I would love to have played with." He is also the (honorary) president of the National Football Museum, an organisation about which he said "I can't think of a better Museum anywhere in the world.". On 14 December 2008 Charlton was awarded the prestigious BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award.[20]
On 2 March 2009, Charlton was given the freedom of the city of Manchester, stating "I'm just so proud, it's fantastic. It's a great city. I have always been very proud of it." [21]
Charlton is involved in a number of charitable activities including fund raising for cancer hospitals,.[22] Charlton became involved in the cause of land mine clearance after visits to Bosnia and Cambodia[23] and supports the Mines Advisory Group as well as founding his own charity Find a Better Way which funds research in to improved civilian landmine clearance.[24][25]
Tranmere enthusiasts Half Man Half Biscuit refer to Bobby in their song God Gave Us Life,[26] from the album Back in the DHSS.
Personal life[link]
He met his wife, Norma Ball, at an ice rink in Manchester in 1959[27] and they married in 1961. They have two daughters – Suzanne and Andrea. Suzanne was a weather forecaster for the BBC during the 1990s. They now have grandchildren, including Suzanne's son Robert, who is named in honour of his grandfather.
In 2007, while publicising his forthcoming autobiography, Charlton revealed that he has a long-running feud with his brother, Jack. They have rarely spoken since a falling-out between his wife Norma and his mother Cissie (who died on 25 March 1996 at the age of 83).[28] Charlton did not see his mother after 1992 as a result of the feud.[29]
It would appear that the two brothers are again on speaking terms, as Jack presented him with his BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award on 14 December 2008. He said that he was 'knocked out' as he was presented the award by his brother. He received a standing ovation as he stood waiting for his prize.[30]
Charlton began to lose his hair in the early 1960s and for a while refused to go bald gracefully, sporting a style of stranded, isolated hairs which would often flop around when he was running before he would tug them back over his head. This style is today still known as "the Bobby Charlton Comb-Over".[citation needed]
On 6 February 2012 Sir Bobby Charlton was taken to hospital after falling ill, and subsequently had a gallstone removed. This prevented him from collecting a Lifetime Achievement award at the Laureus World Sports Awards.[31]
Portrayal in television and film[link]
In the 2011 film United, centred on the successes of the Busby Babes and the decimation of the team in the Munich crash, Charlton was portrayed by actor Jack O'Connell.[32]
Statistics[link]
| Club performance | League | Cup | League Cup | Continental | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| England | League | FA Cup | League Cup | Europe | Total | |||||||
| 1956–57 | Manchester United | First Division | 14 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 | 12 | ||
| 1957–58 | 21 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 30 | 16 | ||||
| 1958–59 | 38 | 29 | 1 | 0 | 39 | 29 | ||||||
| 1959–60 | 37 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 40 | 21 | ||||||
| 1960–61 | 39 | 21 | 3 | 0 | 42 | 21 | ||||||
| 1961–62 | 37 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 43 | 10 | ||||||
| 1962–63 | 28 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 34 | 9 | ||||||
| 1963–64 | 40 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 54 | 15 | ||||
| 1964–65 | 41 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 11 | 8 | 59 | 18 | ||||
| 1965–66 | 38 | 16 | 7 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 54 | 18 | ||||
| 1966–67 | 42 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 44 | 12 | ||||||
| 1967–68 | 41 | 15 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 53 | 20 | ||||
| 1968–69 | 32 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 48 | 7 | ||||
| 1969–70 | 40 | 12 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 57 | 14 | ||||
| 1970–71 | 42 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 50 | 8 | ||||
| 1971–72 | 40 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 53 | 12 | ||||
| 1972–73 | 36 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 41 | 7 | ||||
| Total | 606 | 199 | 78 | 19 | 24 | 7 | 45 | 22 | 758 | 249 | ||
| 1974–75 | Preston North End | Third Division | 38 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 45 | 10 | ||
| Total | 38 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 45 | 10 | ||||
| Republic of Ireland | League | FAI Cup | League of Ireland Cup | Europe | Total | |||||||
| 1975–76 | Waterford United | League of Ireland | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
| Total | 31 | 18 | ||||||||||
| Total | England | 644 | 207 | 82 | 20 | 27 | 8 | 45 | 22 | 803 | 259 | |
| Total | Republic of Ireland | 4 | 1 | |||||||||
| Career total | 834 | 277 | ||||||||||
| England national team | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 1958 | 6 | 7 |
| 1959 | 7 | 5 |
| 1960 | 8 | 6 |
| 1961 | 9 | 6 |
| 1962 | 8 | 1 |
| 1963 | 10 | 6 |
| 1964 | 8 | 2 |
| 1965 | 5 | 2 |
| 1966 | 15 | 6 |
| 1967 | 4 | 2 |
| 1968 | 8 | 3 |
| 1969 | 9 | 1 |
| 1970 | 9 | 2 |
| Total | 106 | 49 |
Honours[link]
Club[link]
- Manchester United
- Football League First Division (3): 1956–57, 1964–65, 1966–67
- FA Cup (1): 1962–63
- Charity Shield (4): 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967
- FA Youth Cup (3): 1953–54, 1954–55, 1955–56
- European Cup (1): 1967–68
National[link]
- FIFA World Cup (1): 1966
- British Home Championship (10): 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970
- UEFA Euro 1968 (Bronze Medalist)
Individual[link]
- FIFA World Cup Golden Ball (1): 1966
- FIFA World Cup All-Star Team (2): 1966, 1970
- FIFA World Cup All-Time Team (1): 1994
- FIFA 100: 2004
- FIFA International Football Hall Of Champions: 1998
- UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll: 2004
- UEFA President's Award: 2009
- Ballon d'Or (1): 1966
- 2nd (2): 1967, 1968
- FWA Footballer of the Year (1): 1965-66
- FWA Tribute Award: 1989
- PFA Merit Award: 1974
- PFA Team Of The Century: 2007
- Football League 100 Legends: 1998
- France Football's Football Player Of The Century : 1999
- France Football's World Cup Top-100 : 1994
- France Planete Foot's 50 Meilleurs Joueurs du Monde : 1996
- Italy Venerdi's World All-Time Top-100 (100 Magnifici) : 1997
- Italy Guerin' Sportivo's Top-50 Of The 20th Century : 1999
- Brazil Placar's Best 100 Players Of All-Time : 1999
- Brazil Placar's World Cup Top-100 : 2005
- AFS Top-100 World Players of All-Time : 2007
- World Soccer's 100 Greatest Players of the 20th Century: 1999
- IFFHS' World Players of the Century (Top-50)
- IFFHS' Europe Players of the Century (Top-100)
- IFFHS' England Players of the Century (1st)
- Carling Legends' All-Time England XI: 1999
- Guardian David Lacey's England Team Of The 20th Century: 2000
- A Fan's All-Time England Squad: 2002
- Green Flag Post-War England Great XI: 1996
- Times The Top 50 Manchester United players: 2009 (1st)
- Manchester United Opus 50 Greatest Players of All-Time: 2007 (1st)
- England National Football Team All-Time Top Goal Scorer: 49 Goal (1st)
- Manchester United All-Time Top Goal Scorer: 249 Goal (1st)
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award: 2008
- BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award:
- 2nd: 1958, 1959
- English Football Hall of Fame Player: 2002
- European Hall of Fame Player: 2008
- The National Football Museum President
- Freedom of the City of Manchester: 2009
- Laureus Lifetime Achievement Award : 2012
Orders and special awards[link]
- Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE): 1969
- Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE): 1974
- Knight Bachelor: 1994
- Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class: 2012[34]
References[link]
- Crick, Michael; Smith, David (1990). Manchester United: The Betrayal of a Legend. Pan Books. ISBN 0-330-31440-8.
- Charlton, Sir Bobby (2007). The Autobiography: My Manchester United Years. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7553-1619-3.
Notes[link]
- ^ "Giggs nears Reds all-time record". BBC SPORT. 3 May 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/7382189.stm. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
- ^ "Giggs United's Greatest". ManUtd.com. 31 Jan 2011. http://www.manutd.com/en/News-And-Features/Football-News/2011/Jan/Giggs-is-the-greatest.aspx?pageNo=2. Retrieved 4 March 2011.
- ^ "Bobby Charlton". britannica.com/eb. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9002215. Retrieved 28 January 2006.
- ^ "Bobby Charlton". fifaworldcup.yahoo.com. http://fifaworldcup.yahoo.com/06/en/p/cp/eng/charlton.html. Retrieved 23 January 2006.
- ^ "Academy Members". Laureus. Laureus. http://www.laureus.com/academy/members/140. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
- ^ Charlton 2007, p.19
- ^ White, John D. T. (29 May 2008). "January". The Official Manchester United Almanac (1st edition ed.). London: Orion Books. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7528-9192-7.
- ^ Charlton 2007, p.62
- ^ Charlton 2007, p.70
- ^ "England Archive". The Football Association. http://www.thefa.com/England/SeniorTeam/Archive/. Retrieved 5 October 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Manchester United: The Betrayal of a Legend. pp. 100–101.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Robert "Bobby" Charlton"". Roberto Mamrud. RSSSF. 23 May 2004. http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/charlton-intl.html. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
- ^ "Big Interview – John Bird". Leyland Guardian. 8 February 2011. http://www.leylandguardian.co.uk/news/big_interview_john_bird_1_163431. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ "Charlton wanted". The Glasgow Herald: p. 24. 22 August 1975. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=no9AAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5aQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2250%2C4339777. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- ^ "Seven of my former 1966 World Cup winning team mates all played in South Africa.". Soccer Through The Years. http://www.soccerthroughtheyears.com/reviews.html. Retrieved 20 October 2006.
- ^ Manchester United: The Betrayal of a Legend. pp. 181–182.
- ^ "Charlton leads tributes to Banks". BBC News. 9 January 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/4594202.stm. Retrieved 28 January 2006.
- ^ "Charlton given BBC Lifetime award". BBC News. 14 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tv_and_radio/sports_personality_of_the_year/7775752.stm. Retrieved 14 December 2008.
- ^ "Sir Bobby given freedom of city". BBC News. 2 March 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/7919176.stm. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
- ^ PNHS Press release, Sir Bobby's Hole In One For Christie's
- ^ Yean Maly, CAMBODIA: Sir Bobby Charlton and Tony Hawk fly in
- ^ Sir Bobby Charlton launches landmine research charity, BBC News,1 November 2011 [3]
- ^ Find a Better Way charity website
- ^ Half Man Half Biscuit Lyrics Project
- ^ "Footballers' wives of 1966 relive the memories". Daily Mail (London). 8 June 2006. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-389630/Footballers-wives-1966-relive-memories.html.
- ^ "Sir Bobby reopens the family feud". The Guardian (London). 27 August 2007. http://football.guardian.co.uk/News_Story/0,,2156415,00.html. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
- ^ The mums of Cristiano Ronaldo, George Best, Ashley Cole, Bobby and Jack Charlton, Frank Lampard, Jose Antonio Reyes, Theo Walcott and more: Football's 10 most important mother...
- ^ "Sports Personality 2008: Charlton given BBC Lifetime award". BBC. 14 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tv_and_radio/sports_personality_of_the_year/7775752.stm. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
- ^ "Football hero Sir Bobby Charlton in hospital". The Sun. 7 February 2012. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4112717/Football-hero-Sir-Bobby-Charlton-in-hospital-to-remove-a-gallstone.html. Retrieved 7 February 2012.
- ^ "Derby actor Jack O'Connell nets Bobby Charlton role". BBC News. 21 April 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-derbyshire-13157526.
- ^ Robert "Bobby" Charlton - International Appearances
- ^ "Sir Bobby Charlton awarded Japanese Order". Japan Football Association. 29 April 2012. http://www.jfa.or.jp/eng/topics/2012/134.html. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
External links[link]
- FIFA World Cup: Bobby Charlton
- International Football Hall of Fame: Bobby Charlton
- Planet World Cup: Bobby Charlton
- Manchester United Legends: Bobby Charlton
- English Football Hall of Fame Profile
- Bobby Charlton Manchester United photo 1, biography & stats at sporting-heroes.net
- Bobby Charlton Manchester United photo 2, biography & stats at sporting-heroes.net
- A fans view: Bobby Charlton – legend
- BBC radio interview with Bobby Charlton, 1999
- Works by or about Bobby Charlton in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Painting of Bobby Charlton in the National Portrait Gallery portrait by Peter Edwards
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Bill Foulkes |
Manchester United captain 1966–1973 |
Succeeded by Martin Buchan |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bobby Charlton |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Charlton, Robert |
| Alternative names | Charlton, Bobby |
| Short description | Footballer |
| Date of birth | (1937-10-11) 11 October 1937 (age 74) |
| Place of birth | Ashington, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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