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- Act of Union 1840
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Adirondack Park
The Adirondack Park is a publicly protected area in northeast New York. It is the largest park and the largest state-level protected area in the contiguous United States, and the largest National Historic Landmark.
The park covers some 6.1 million acres (2.5×10^6 ha), a land area greater than Vermont, or than Yellowstone, Yosemite, Grand Canyon, Glacier, and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks combined. However, over half of the area is privately owned . Considering that fact, while acknowledging that Death Valley National Park encompasses over 3 million acres of entirely publicly owned land, Death Valley should be considered the largest protected land in the lower 48 .
Much of the land is directly controlled by the state's Forest Preserve, but more than half the land within the Adirondack Park is privately owned, including several villages and hamlets.
The Adirondack Park boundary, commonly referred to as the 'Blue Line,' contains the entire Adirondack Mountain range, as well as some surrounding areas, all within the state of New York. The park includes all of Hamilton and Essex counties, as well as considerable portions of Clinton, Franklin, Fulton, Herkimer, St. Lawrence, and Warren counties and small portions of Lewis, Oneida, Saratoga, and Washington counties as well. (The Clinton County towns of Altona and Dannemora, despite being entirely within the park boundary, are specifically excluded from the park by statute, due to the large prison facilities in both towns.)
wn.com/Adirondack_Park -
Alberta
Alberta /ælˈbɜrtə/ is a province of Canada. It had a population of 3,645,257 in 2011, making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Alberta and its neighbour, Saskatchewan, were established as provinces on September 1, 1905.
Alberta is located in western Canada, bounded by the provinces of British Columbia to the west and Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the US state of Montana to the south. Alberta is one of three Canadian provinces and territories to border only a single U.S. state and is also one of only two provinces that are landlocked.
Edmonton, the capital city of Alberta, is located near the geographic centre of the province and is the primary supply and service hub for Canada's oil sands and other northern resource industries. Approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) south of the capital is Calgary, Alberta's largest city and a major distribution and transportation hub. Calgary and Edmonton centre Alberta's two census metropolitan areas, both of which have populations exceeding 1 million.Census agglomerations in the province include Lethbridge, Red Deer, Medicine Hat, Wood Buffalo (includes Fort McMurray), Grande Prairie, Lloydminster, Okotoks, Brooks, Camrose, Cold Lake, High River, Sylvan Lake, Wetaskiwin, Strathmore, Canmore, and Lacombe. Notable tourist destinations in the province include Canmore, Sylvan Lake, Drumheller, Banff, and Jasper.
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Algoma District
Algoma District is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1858 comprising territory as far west as Minnesota. Since then, it has shrunk, as other districts were created from it by the provincial government:
The district seat is Sault Ste. Marie.
The rugged scenery of this region has inspired works by Canadian artists, particularly the Group of Seven, who rented a boxcar from the Algoma Central Railway during excursions through this region.
Communities within these subdivisions are added in parentheses.
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Amherstview, Ontario
Amherstview is a community in Loyalist Township, Ontario.
It is located on the north shore of Lake Ontario and has a population of approximately 10,000. It is adjacent to the city of Kingston, and considered part of the greater Kingston area. Amherstview is named for Amherst Island, located directly to the south in Lake Ontario. When the community was first established in the 1950s, the spelling was generally "Amherst View".
The community is the eastern end of the Loyalist Parkway, a stretch of Highway 33 that travels along Lake Ontario, in an area in which many United Empire Loyalists settled. Amherstview is home to Fairfield House which is itself situated in Fairfield Park on the shore of Lake Ontario. Fairfield House was constructed in 1793 by the Fairfield family who were among the first Loyalists to settle the area. It served as the family home and a portion of the building was also used as a tavern for some time. The impressive limestone building is now a museum exhibiting period artifacts and furniture and offering guided tours.
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Area code 343
Area code 613 (and overlay area code 343) are area codes for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada. 613 is one of the 86 original area codes of North America assigned in October 1947. Before area code 450 was created, it bounded 514, and before the introduction of area code 905 in 1993, it bounded 416.
In addition to its current boundary, 613 also originally covered all of Northern Ontario and much of Southwestern Ontario. In 1953, portions of 613 and 416 were combined to form area code 519 in Southwestern Ontario; Then, in 1957, the Northern parts of 613 (along with a small section of 519) became the 705 area code, leaving 613 covering only Eastern Ontario.
Ten-digit dialing in the area became mandatory on October 21, 2006. The Ottawa area has local dialing capability with the Gatineau region in area code 819. The Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area formerly had "exchange protection", meaning that an exchange assigned in Ottawa could not also be assigned in Gatineau, and vice versa. With the introduction of 10-digit dialing, this protection will be discontinued, although the local dialing capability will be maintained.[citation needed]
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Area code 613
Area code 613 (and overlay area code 343) are area codes for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada. 613 is one of the 86 original area codes of North America assigned in October 1947. Before area code 450 was created, it bounded 514, and before the introduction of area code 905 in 1993, it bounded 416.
In addition to its current boundary, 613 also originally covered all of Northern Ontario and much of Southwestern Ontario. In 1953, portions of 613 and 416 were combined to form area code 519 in Southwestern Ontario; Then, in 1957, the Northern parts of 613 (along with a small section of 519) became the 705 area code, leaving 613 covering only Eastern Ontario.
Ten-digit dialing in the area became mandatory on October 21, 2006. The Ottawa area has local dialing capability with the Gatineau region in area code 819. The Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area formerly had "exchange protection", meaning that an exchange assigned in Ottawa could not also be assigned in Gatineau, and vice versa. With the introduction of 10-digit dialing, this protection will be discontinued, although the local dialing capability will be maintained.[citation needed]
wn.com/Area_code_613 -
British Columbia
British Columbia
i/ˌbrɪtɪʃ kəˈlʌmbiə/ (B.C. or BC) (French: la Colombie-Britannique, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment"). Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada.
As well as being the westernmost province of Western Canada, British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest, along with the US states of Oregon and Washington. The province has strong cultural and personal ties to the Prairie Provinces and Ontario as well as to the West Coast of the United States and to Alaska and the Yukon.
The capital of British Columbia is Victoria, the 15th largest metropolitan region in Canada. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, and the second largest in the Pacific Northwest. In 2009, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,419,974 (about two and a half million of whom were in Greater Vancouver). The province is currently governed by the BC Liberal Party, led by Premier Christy Clark, who became leader as a result of the party election on February 26, 2011.
wn.com/British_Columbia -
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km2 (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies.
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Calgary Region
The Calgary Region is an area centred around Calgary, Alberta, Canada. It consists of the City of Calgary, Rocky View County and the municipalities it encloses, and the Municipal (M.D.) District of Foothills No. 31 and the municipalities it encloses. The Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) and Calgary Region are different entities. Some municipalities within the region have little or no metropolitan relationship to Calgary in terms of commuting for employment or commerce purposes.
The Calgary Region is a major transportation hub for southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, eastern British Columbia, and parts of the northern United States. It is home to the Calgary International Airport, the third busiest airport in the country.
The Calgary CMA, as defined by Statistics Canada, includes the following nine municipalities:
In the 2011 Census, the Calgary CMA had a population of 1,214,839 living in 464,001 of its 488,451 total dwellings, a 12.6% change from its 2011 population of 1,079,310, making it the largest CMA in Alberta and the fifth largest in Canada. With a land area of 5,107.55 km2 (1,972.04 sq mi), it had a population density of 237.9 people per square kilometre in 2011.
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Canada
Canada (
/ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Cataraqui River
The Cataraqui River ( /ˌkætəˈrɒkweɪ/ KAT-ə-ROK-way) forms the lower portion of the Rideau Canal and drains into Lake Ontario at Kingston, Ontario. It is also known as the Great Cataraqui River or the Greater Cataraqui River to distinguish it from the smaller Little Cataraqui Creek, 4.5 km to the west. The Cataraqui River system was extensively modified during the construction of the canal: swamps were turned into lakes and new marshes were formed.
The Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority administers water management concerns within the Cataraqui River watershed.
Coordinates: 44°15′43″N 76°28′02″W / 44.2619°N 76.46725°W / 44.2619; -76.46725
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Cathcart Tower
Cathcart Tower is a Martello tower located on Cedar Island in the St. Lawrence River, off the eastern shore of Fort Henry in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. It is one of four such towers built in the 1840s to protect Kingston's harbour and the entrance to the Rideau Canal. The other towers are: Fort Frederick, Shoal Tower, and Murney Tower.
Built in 1848, this limestone tower is 11 m high and 16.5 m in diameter. It is surrounded by a shallow ditch and by a glacis extending to the shorelines on three sides. The guns of Cathcart Tower covered the eastern approaches of Kingston Harbour.
The towers' construction was prompted by a dispute between Great Britain and the United States over the boundary between British Columbia and Oregon that threatened to lead to war (see Oregon crisis). When war was averted, Cathcart Tower was used for a time as a barracks for soldiers garrisoned at nearby Fort Henry. Eventually it was abandoned. It is part of the Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site, the Rideau Canal and Kingston Fortifications UNESCO World Heritage site, and is within the boundaries of St. Lawrence Islands National Park.
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Central Ontario
Central Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies between Georgian Bay and the eastern end of Lake Ontario.
The population of the region was 1,035,792 in 2006; however, this number does not include large numbers of seasonal cottage country residents, which at peak times of the year swell its population to well in excess of 1.5 million. Although it contains many small and medium sized urban centres, much of Central Ontario is covered by farms, lakes (with freshwater beaches), rivers or sparsely populated forested land on the southern edge of the Canadian Shield.
Central Ontario is located within Southern Ontario. It is not geographically close to the actual "centre" of Ontario as its name would suggest, but in the central third of Southern Ontario on a horizontal west to east axis.
Parry Sound District and Muskoka District are within Central Ontario, but are treated as part of Northern Ontario by federal economic development programs because of these districts' special economic circumstances; Parry Sound, but not Muskoka, is now classed with Northern Ontario by the provincial government.
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CFB Kingston
Coordinates: 44°14′24″N 76°26′53″W / 44.239896°N 76.448107°W / 44.239896; -76.448107
Canadian Forces Base Kingston (also CFB Kingston) is a Canadian Forces Base operated by the Canadian Army located in Kingston, Ontario.
The Barriefield Military Camp, commonly called Camp Barriefield, was established as a military base at the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 on the east bank of the Cataraqui River opposite the city of Kingston in the village of Barriefield. Located north of King's Highway 2, the name of the military base and village was in honour of the Royal Navy's Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie who served during the War of 1812.
In 1937 the base expanded to the south side of King's Highway 2 with the opening of the Vimy Barracks, named in honour of the Battle of Vimy Ridge. The Vimy Barracks became home to the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals which relocated to the Barriefield Military Camp from the Borden Military Camp. The Signal Training Centre, later renamed the Royal Canadian School of Signals was also established at the base.
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Cienfuegos
Cienfuegos is a city on the southern coast of Cuba, capital of Cienfuegos Province. It is located about 250 km (160 mi) from Havana, and has a population of 150,000. The city is dubbed La Perla del Sur (Pearl of the South). Cienfuegos literally translates to "Hundred fires".
Near the entrance to Bahia de Cienfuegos (bahia meaning "bay") is Castillo de Jagua (full name Castillo de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles de Jagua), a fortress erected in 1745 for protection against Caribbean pirates.
Cienfuegos, one of the chief seaports of Cuba, is a center of the sugar trade, as well as coffee and tobacco. While sugarcane is the chief crop, local farmers grow coffee.
The downtown contains 6 buildings from 1819–50, 327 buildings from 1851–1900, and 1188 buildings from the 20th century. There is no other place in the Caribbean which contains such a remarkable cluster of Neoclassical structures.
In 2004, the municipality of Cienfuegos had a population of 163,824. With a total area of 333 km2 (129 sq mi), it has a population density of 492.0 /km2 (1,274 /sq mi).
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Collins Bay, Ontario
Collins Bay is a bay and natural harbour, as well as a community, within the western part of the municipality of Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Collins Bay was at one time a small village, but it became absorbed by the city of Kingston. Now Collins Bay consists mostly of residential subdivisions, a large conservation area (Lemoine Point), an airport, and areas of agricultural land. A marina is situated on the bay itself. To the east is a large federal penitentiary, Collins Bay Institution.
Collins Bay was named after the original surveyor of the region, John Collins.
Coordinates: 44°14′N 76°37′W / 44.233°N 76.617°W / 44.233; -76.617
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County of Brant
The County of Brant (2011 population 35,638) is a single-tier municipality and a census division in the Canadian province of Ontario. Despite its name, it is not a county by the standard definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. The county has service offices in Burford, Paris and St. George.
It is a small, predominantly rural municipality in Southern Ontario, approximately 100 kilometres southwest of Toronto. It is bordered by the Region of Waterloo, the City of Hamilton, Haldimand County, Norfolk County, and Oxford County. The County abuts the Greenbelt.
Geographically, the city of Brantford is surrounded by the County of Brant. In Statistics Canada's census data, the Brant census division also includes Brantford and the Six Nations and New Credit reserves, although none of these is part of Brant's municipal government. The census division of Brant, inclusive of all four distinct municipalities, had a population of 136,035 in the 2011 census.
The primary centres in Brant are Paris, St. George and Burford. Smaller communities in the municipality include Bishopsgate, Burtch, Cainsville, Cathcart, East Oakland, Etonia, Fairfield, Falkland, Glen Morris, Gobles, Harley, Harrisburg, Hatchley, Langford, Lockie, Maple Grove, Middleport, Mount Pleasant, Mount Vernon, New Durham, Newport, Northfield, Northfield Centre, Oakland, Onondaga, Osborne Corners, and Scotland.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] (
listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Eastern Ontario
Eastern Ontario (census population 1,603,625 in 2006) is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario which lies in a wedge-shaped area between the Ottawa River and St. Lawrence River. It shares water boundaries with Quebec to the north and New York State to the east and south, as well as a small land boundary with the Vaudreuil-Soulanges region of Quebec to the east.
It includes the census divisions of the following: the counties of Prescott and Russell, Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry, Lanark, Renfrew, Leeds and Grenville, Frontenac and Lennox and Addington; and the single-tier municipality of Ottawa.
Some sources may also include Hastings, Prince Edward, and sometimes even Northumberland in the definition of Eastern Ontario, but others classify them as Central Ontario. Strictly speaking, Eastern Ontario refers to the part of the province that lies east of where Lake Ontario narrows into the St. Lawrence River.[citation needed]
The region may also be referred to as Southeastern Ontario to differentiate it from the Northern Ontario subregion of Northeastern Ontario.
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Edmonton
Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta, Canada. Edmonton is located on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by the central region of the province.
The city and its census metropolitan area had populations of 812,201 and 1,159,869 as of the 2011 Census respectively, making it Alberta's second-largest city, Canada's fifth-largest municipality and Canada's sixth-largest metropolitan area by population. Edmonton is the northernmost North American city with a metropolitan population over one million. A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian.
The majority of Edmonton's metropolitan population lives within the City of Edmonton rather than in the surrounding suburban municipalities. Historically, Edmonton was surrounded by few other urban municipalities (Strathcona, Beverly and Jasper Place being the largest) but these were absorbed through amalgamation or annexation. Edmonton annexed a significant amount of land up until the early 1980s, and as a result it has sustained much of the region's suburban growth within its own boundaries.
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Elginburg
The City of Kingston has defined 45 distinct neighbourhoods based on census data taken from Statistics Canada. Different from the city's twelve electoral districts, the neighbourhoods as defined by the City all share common socio-demographic characteristics.. Detailed socio-demographic information on the city can be found in the Kingston Community Profile, 2009: A Socio-Demographic Analysis of Kingston, Ontario Canada. The profile is published by the Social Planning Council of Kingston and Area (SPCKA). While some of these neighbourhoods have established their own business improvement area, others are simply a designation given by the City of Kingston in recognition of their distinct attributes and characteristics
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Enterprise, Ontario
Stone Mills is a township located east of Greater Napanee in Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada. According to the 2011 Canadian Census, the township has a population of 7,560.
Centreville (44°24′25″N 76°54′17″W / 44.40694°N 76.90472°W / 44.40694; -76.90472) is bisected by Lennox and Addington County Road 4, with the only commercial venture, a general store and gas station- the gas station is no longer open but the store has expanded to include a pizza parlour, located on this main thoroughfare. The Centreville Public School educates roughly 150 students in kindergarten to grade 8. A public fairgrounds, complete with a baseball diamond, stables and grandstand, showcases the annual Centreville Fair. The fair opens on the first Friday of September, and closes by the next day. Centreville is also the location of the township's municipal offices.
Croydon (44°25′15″N 76°58′42″W / 44.42083°N 76.97833°W / 44.42083; -76.97833) is a farming community known for its friendly residents, rich history, beautiful scenery, and small-town charm. In the early and mid 1900s, Croydon was a well-developed farming community that featured several hotels, a general store, a church, a post office, a schoolhouse, and a gristmill. Although business and industry are currently non-existent in Croydon, many of the original buildings have been renovated and are serving as family homes. The main attraction is the beautiful Salmon River, which runs through the heart of Croydon. The river is used for swimming, fishing, canoeing, and kayaking.
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Fort Frontenac
Fort Frontenac was a French trading post and military fort built in 1673 at the mouth of the Cataraqui River where the St. Lawrence River leaves Lake Ontario (at what is now the western end of the La Salle Causeway), in a location traditionally known as Cataraqui. It is the present-day location of Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The original fort, a crude, wooden palisade structure, was called Fort Cataraqui but was later named for Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Governor of New France (Count Frontenac), who was responsible for building the fort. The fort, however, was still often referred to as Fort Cataraqui.
The intent of Fort Frontenac was to control the lucrative fur trade in the Great Lakes Basin to the west and the Canadian Shield to the north. It was one of many French outposts that would be established throughout the Great Lakes and upper Mississippi regions. The fort was meant to be a bulwark against the English who were competing with the French for control of the fur trade. Another function of the fort was the provision of supplies and reinforcements to other French installations on the Great Lakes and in the Ohio Valley to the south. Frontenac hoped that the fort would also help fulfill his own business aspirations.
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Fort Henry, Ontario
Fort Henry (also known as Fort Henry National Historic Site) is located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on Point Henry, a strategic point located near the mouth of the Cataraqui River where it flows into the St. Lawrence River, at the upper end of the Thousand Islands. The original fort was constructed during the War of 1812, when present-day Ontario was a British colony known as Upper Canada. The fort was constructed on the high ground of Point Henry to protect the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard (the site of the present-day Royal Military College of Canada) from a possible United States attack. The fort also monitored maritime traffic on the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario, as the loss of this vital shipping route would have cut off supplies to Kingston and the rest of Upper Canada.
The present Fort Henry was constructed between 1832 and 1837 to protect the Lake Ontario end of the Rideau Canal. (The canal was part of an alternate route between Kingston and Montreal that bypassed the St. Lawrence River, which separates Canada and the United States.) A system of more elaborate defensive works was planned but cost overruns in the construction of the canal limited the fortifications to four Martello towers and the fort itself. At the time, these fortifications were the strongest defences in Canada west of Quebec City. Among the historic regiments that garrisoned the fort were the Black Watch, the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and the Royal Welch Fusiliers. Neither the original nor the second Fort Henry was ever attacked.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Gananoque, Ontario
Gananoque ( /ˌɡænəˈnɒkweɪ/ GAN-ə-NOK-way) is a town in Leeds and Grenville United Counties, Ontario, Canada. The town had a population of 5,194 year-round residents in the Canada 2011 Census, as well as summer residents sometimes referred to as "Islanders" because of the Thousand Islands in the Saint Lawrence River, Gananoque's most important tourist attraction.
The Gananoque River flows through the town, and the St. Lawrence River is the southern boundary of the town. The local industry is an ECG electrode manufacturer, Covidien.
The town's name is an aboriginal name which means "town on two rivers". The town's name rhymes with the placename Cataraqui, which appears in the Cataraqui River, the Little Cataraqui Creek, and the Cataraqui Cemetery in nearby Kingston, Ontario. One way to remember its pronunciation is "The right way, the wrong way, and the Gananoque". In Eastern Ontario speech, the town name is often abbreviated to Gan (rhymes with can), though it is rarely written that way.
Colonel Joel Stone, who served with Loyalist militia during the American Revolutionary War, established a settlement on this site in 1789. Land was granted to Col. Stone for use as a mill site.
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Golden Horseshoe
The Golden Horseshoe is a subregion of Southern Ontario, Canada which lies at the western end of Lake Ontario with outer boundaries stretching south to Lake Erie and north to Georgian Bay. The region is densely populated and industrialized. Most of it is also part of the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor and the Great Lakes Megalopolis. With a population of 6.5 million people, it makes up slightly over 19% of the population of Canada and contains approximately 49% of Ontario's population, making it one of the largest population concentrations in North America. Although it is a geographically named sub-region of Southern Ontario, the Greater Golden Horseshoe is also used today to describe the metropolitan region that stretches across the area in totality, including smaller centres outside of the core region.
The core of the region starts from Niagara Falls at the eastern end of the Niagara Peninsula and extends west, wrapping around the western end of Lake Ontario at Hamilton and then turning northeast to its anchor city Toronto (on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario), before finally terminating at Oshawa, just east of Toronto. The wider region spreads inland in all directions away from the Lake Ontario shoreline, southwest to Brantford, west to the Kitchener-Waterloo area, north to Barrie, and northeast to Peterborough. The whole region's area covers approximately 33,500 km2 (13,000 sq mi), out of this, 7,300 km2 (2,800 sq mi) is covered by the Greenbelt.
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Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain (Welsh: Prydain Fawr, Scottish Gaelic: Breatainn Mhòr, Cornish: Breten Veur) is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honshū. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
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Great Lakes
The Great Lakes are a collection of freshwater lakes located in northeastern North America, on the Canada–United States border which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence Seaway and the Great Lakes Waterway. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth comprising 21% of the world's surface fresh water. The total surface is 94,250 square miles (244,106 km2), and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is 5,439 cubic miles (22,671 km3). The lakes are sometimes referred to as the North Coast or "Third Coast" by some citizens of the United States.
The lakes have been a major source of trade through this area, and they are home to a large number of aquatic species. Many invasive species have been introduced due to trade in the area, and some threaten the biodiversity of the area.
Though the five lakes reside in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water. The lakes form a chain connecting the east-central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the St. Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Michigan-Huron (in the hydrological sense, a single body of water), southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. The Great Lakes region contains not only the five themselves but also many thousands of smaller lakes, often called inland lakes. Of the five lakes, Lake Michigan is the only one that is located entirely within the United States; the others form a water border between the United States and Canada.
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Greater Montreal
Greater Montreal is the most populous metropolitan area in Québec. As of 2009, Statistics Canada identifies Montréal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). The CMA is 4,258.31 square kilometres (1,644.14 sq mi) large and has a population of 3,824,221 as of 2011.
A smaller area of 3,838 square kilometres (1,482 sq mi) is governed by the Montreal Metropolitan Community (MMC) (French: Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal, CMM). This level of government is headed by a president (currently Montréal mayor Gérald Tremblay).
The inner ring is composed of densely populated municipalities located in close proximity to Downtown Montreal. It includes the entire Island of Montreal, Laval, and the Urban Agglomeration of Longueuil.
The outer ring is composed of low-density municipalities located on the fringe of Metropolitan Montreal. Most of these cities and towns are semi-rural. Specifically, the term off-island suburbs refers to those suburbs that are located on the North Shore of the Mille-Îles River, those on the South Shore that were never included in the megacity of Longueuil, and those on the Vaudreuil-Soulanges Peninsula. Communities in that area are also informally referred to as the 450, after the telephone area code that has served the region since 1998.
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Greater Sudbury
Greater Sudbury (2011 census population 160,274) is a city in Ontario, Canada. Originally named Sainte-Anne-des-Pins, Greater Sudbury was created in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, along with several previously unincorporated geographic townships. Once a world leader in nickel mining, Sudbury is now the major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population which influences its arts and culture.
It is the largest city in the Northern Ontario region by population, and the 24th largest metropolitan area in Canada. By land area, it is the largest city in Ontario, and the seventh largest municipality by area in Canada. Greater Sudbury is one of only five cities in Ontario that constitutes its own independent census divisions, and is not part of any district, county or regional municipality. It is also the only city in Ontario which has two official names; its name in French is Grand-Sudbury. Unlike designations such as Greater Toronto, the name "Greater Sudbury" refers to a single city, not a conurbation of independent municipalities. However, Sudbury is still the common name for the city in everyday usage.
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Greater Toronto Area
The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the largest metropolitan area in Canada, with a 2011 census population of over 6 million. The Greater Toronto Area is defined as the central city of Toronto, along with four regional municipalities surrounding it: Durham, Halton, Peel, and York.
The Greater Toronto Area is different from the Census Metropolitan Area of Toronto, which covers a smaller region. As of early 21st century, the regional span of the Greater Toronto Area is sometimes extended to include the city of Hamilton, Ontario and its surrounding region, to form the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, an urban area which has a total population ranked among the top 50 in the world.
The term Greater Toronto has been used in writing as early as the 1900s, although at the time, the term only referred to the former City of Toronto and its immediate townships and villages, which became Metropolitan Toronto in 1954 and became the current city of Toronto in 1998. The usage of the term involving the four regional municipalities came into formal use in the mid-1980s, after it was used in a widely discussed report on municipal governance restructuring in the region and was later made official as a provincial planning area. However it did not come into everyday usage until the mid- to late 1990s. In 2006, the term began to be supplanted in the field of spatial planning as provincial policy increasingly began to refer to either the "Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area" (GTHA) or the still-broader "Greater Golden Horseshoe". The latter includes communities like Barrie, Guelph and the Niagara Region. The GTA continues, however, to be in official use elsewhere in the Government of Ontario, such as the Ministry of Finance.
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Haldimand County
Haldimand is a rural city-status single-tier municipality (but called a county) on the Niagara Peninsula in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Municipal offices are located in Cayuga.
Haldimand's history has been closely associated with that of the neighbouring Norfolk County. Haldimand was first created as a county in 1800, from a portion of Norfolk. It was named after the governor of the Province of Quebec Sir Frederick Haldimand. In 1844 the land was surrendered by Six Nations to the Crown in an agreement that was signed by the vast majority of Chiefs in the Haldimand tract[citation needed]. The two counties were separate until 1974, when they were reunited as the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk.
In 2001, the counties were separated again, but the lower-tier municipalities from the former Haldimand-Norfolk were merged into two single-tier municipalities. Although they both retained the name "county" for historical reasons, each is governed as a single municipality without lower-tier governments. Haldimand was formed through the amalgamation of the former Towns of Haldimand and Dunnville, and the eastern half of the City of Nanticoke.
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Haliburton County
Haliburton is a county of Ontario, Canada, known as a tourist and cottage area in Central Ontario for its scenery and for its resident artists. Minden Hills is the county seat. Haliburton County was established in 1983, but had existed as the Provisional County of Haliburton since 1874. Haliburton County and the village of Haliburton, are named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, author, statesman, and the first chairman of the Canadian Land and Emigration Company.
Haliburton is a village on Head Lake inside Haliburton County which is its namesake. The county also contains the village of Minden, as well as the smaller communities of Wilberforce, Gooderham, Irondale, Cardiff, West Guilford, Eagle Lake and Fort Irwin. The county borders Algonquin Park on the north.
The county is serviced by two hospitals, one in Haliburton and one in Minden. Both are administrated by Haliburton Highlands Health Services.
Haliburton County is dubbed the "Haliburton Highlands". This is in part attributed to its similarity to the Scottish Highlands, and the Scottish ancestry of the founding population. The Haliburton Highlands region is also one of the higher points on the Canadian Shield, ranging from 1,066 feet (325 m) at the Haliburton/Stanhope Municipal Airport to 1,450 feet (440 m) above sea level at Sir Sam's Ski Resort in Eagle Lake.
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Hamilton, Ontario
Hamilton ( /ˈhæməltən/; 2011 population 519,949; UA population 670,580; CMA population 721,053) is a port city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Conceived by George Hamilton when he purchased the Durand farm shortly after the War of 1812, Hamilton has become the centre of a densely populated and industrialized region at the west end of Lake Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe. On January 1, 2001, the new City of Hamilton was formed through the amalgamation of the former city and the other constituent lower-tier municipalities of the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth with the upper-tier regional government. Residents of the old city are known as Hamiltonians. Since 1981, the metropolitan area has been listed as the ninth largest in Canada and the third largest in Ontario.
Hamilton is home to the shared Royal Botanical Gardens, the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum, the Bruce Trail, McMaster University and Mohawk College. The Canadian Football Hall of Fame can be found downtown right beside Hamilton City Hall and across town to the east, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats play at Ivor Wynne Stadium.
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Hastings County
Hastings County is located in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is The Cheese Capital of Canada. Geographically, it is located on the border of Eastern Ontario and Central Ontario. With an area of 6,103.48 square kilometres (2,356.57 sq mi) reaching nearly 100 miles (160 km) from north to south, Hastings County is the second largest county in Ontario.
The seat of the county is Belleville.
The 14 municipalities within the county are:
First Nation reserve:
The cities of Belleville and Quinte West are separated municipalities, meaning that they are within the boundaries of the county and included in the census division, but not under the administration of the county government.
The first boundaries of Hastings County were established 1792 by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. The southern boundary was the Bay of Quinte, the eastern boundary was Lennox County and the western boundary ran from the Trent River to the Ottawa River, in a triangular shape. The County consisted of Sidney, Thurlow, Rawdon, Huntingdon and Hungerford townships as well as the Mohawk Tract. The area was named for Francis Rawdon-Hastings.
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Hockey Hall of Fame
The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is both a museum and a hall of fame. It holds exhibits about players, teams, National Hockey League (NHL) records, memorabilia and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. Originally in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was first established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland. The first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the Kingston location. Its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. In 1993, the Hall was relocated to a former Bank of Montreal building in Downtown Toronto, where it is presently located.
An 18-person committee of players, coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees, who are inducted as players, builders or on-ice officials. In 2010, a subcategory was established for female players. The builders' category includes coaches, general managers, commentators, team owners and others who have helped build the game. Honoured members are inducted into the Hall of Fame in an annual ceremony held at the Hall of Fame building in November, which is followed by a special "Hockey Hall of Fame Game" between the Toronto Maple Leafs and a visiting team. As of 2011, 251 players (including two women), 100 builders and 15 on-ice officials have been inducted into the Hall of Fame. The Hall of Fame has been criticized for focusing mainly on players from the National Hockey League and largely ignoring players from other North American and international leagues.
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Holleford crater
Holleford Crater is a meteorite crater near the community of Holleford, part of South Frontenac, Ontario, Canada. It is 2.35 kilometres (1.5 mi) in diameter and the age is estimated to be 550 ± 100 million years (Ediacaran or Cambrian). Although there is a surface depression over the area, the crater itself is not exposed at the surface.
Holleford Crater was discovered in the 1950s during analysis of aerial photographs under the direction of Dr. Carlyle S. Beals of the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa, Canada. In the late 1950s, the Geological Survey of Canada conducted a series of four geophysical studies: (1) magnetic observations; (2) seismic studies; (3) gravity studies; and (4) a diamond drilling program. The seismic and gravity studies and the drilling all produced data consistent with the impact theory. The drill core revealed breccia and similar materials at predicted depths. The studies concluded that an ancient meteorite impact crater is present in the Precambrian bedrock below the surface. The meteorite was estimated to be approximately 800 meters in diameter and to have impacted at approximately 55 thousand kilometers per hour.
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K-Rock Centre
The K-Rock Centre is a 5,700 seat arena in downtown Kingston, Ontario, Canada, at the intersection of Ontario Street and Place d'Armes. The arena is the home of the Kingston Frontenacs ice hockey team of the Ontario Hockey League.
The groundbreaking ceremony took place July 28, 2006, and construction began November 3, 2006. On February 6, 2008, local radio station K-Rock 105.7 purchased the naming rights to the arena for 10 years at $3.3 million. Kingston's The Tragically Hip performed the inaugural concert in the arena on Saturday, February 23, 2008.
Opening night for the Frontenacs was February 22, 2008. Don Cherry dropped the puck for the ceremonial face off, with 5,700 in attendance. The building's first goal was scored by Belleville Bulls #17 Matt Beleskey, who defeated Kingston 3-2. The Frontenacs won their first game at the K-Rock Centre on February 24, 2008 defeating the Peterborough Petes by a score of 7-4.
The city chose the design by Brisbin Brook Beynon Architects , and construction was done by EllisDon Construction. The design allows for the expansion of the arena to 6,000 seats in the future. The centre was built on city-owned land known as the "North Block," which at the time was being used as a parking lot. An archaeological dig of the area was necessary since the southeast portion of the site was the former location of part of the historic Fort Frontenac. The remaining ruins of the fort's northwest bastion is located directly across the street from the main entrance.
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Kawartha Lakes
The city of Kawartha Lakes (2011 population 73,214) is a unitary municipality in Central Ontario, Canada. Although called a city, Kawartha Lakes is the size of a typical Ontarian county and is mostly rural.
The main population centres are Bobcaygeon, Fenelon Falls, Lindsay, Omemee and Woodville.
The city's name comes from the name of the Kawartha lakes. The term Kawartha is an anglicization of the word Ka-wa-tha (from Ka-wa-tae-gum-maug or Gaa-waategamaag, meaning), a word coined in 1895 by aboriginal Martha Whetung of the Curve Lake First Nations. The word meant "land of reflections" in the Anishinaabe language, according to Whetung. The word was subsequently changed by tourism promoters to Kawartha, meaning "bright waters and happy lands."
Prior to its restructuring as a city, the area was known as Victoria County. The city was created in 2001, during the ruling provincial Progressive Conservative party's "Common Sense Revolution". Through provincial legislation, the former Victoria County and its constituent municipalities were amalgamated into one entity named the City of Kawartha Lakes.
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Kingston Mills
Kingston Mills, located approximately 7 km north of downtown Kingston, Ontario, is the southern-most lockstation and one of 24 lockstations of the Rideau Canal system. Kingston Mills is a component of the Rideau Canal National Historic Site, and along with the rest of the Rideau Canal, is a World Heritage Site. The site is managed and operated by Parks Canada.
Kingston Mills developed because of a series of falls (known as Cataraqui Falls) on the Cataraqui River. In 1784, a grist mill and saw mill were built by the British government on the falls to serve the residents of the growing Loyalist settlement at what is now Kingston. "King's Mill", the area's original name, became a major location for settlers to bring produce. Several mills were built over the years; the structures were often damaged by fire or water, or left abandoned.
Beginning in 1827, the site was cleared to begin building locks for the Rideau Canal. The locks would enable boats to bypass the falls. Four locks (Nos. 46, 47, 48, and 49) were constructed, all of which have a lift of 3.6 metres.
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Kingston, Ontario
Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the St. Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement, growing European exploration in the 17th Century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673.
Located midway between Toronto and Montreal, Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 15, 1841, by Governor Lord Sydenham. While its time as a political centre was short, Kingston remained an important military installation.
Kingston is the county seat of Frontenac County. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the population of the city proper was 123,363, while the population of the metropolitan area was 159,561.
Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many historic buildings built from the local limestone.
The French originally settled upon a traditional Mississaugas First Nation site called Katarokwi (Cataraqui in the common transliteration, and according to French pronunciation rules should be said "kah-tah-RAH-kee," although it is generally pronounced "kah-tah-ROCK-way") in 1673 and established Fort Cataraqui, later to be called Fort Frontenac. The fort was captured and destroyed by the British in the Battle of Fort Frontenac during the Seven Years' War in 1758. A receiving centre for fleeing refugees from the American Revolution some years later, Kingston became the primary community of southeastern Upper Canada.
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London, Ontario
London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, situated along the Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. The city has a population of 366,151 according to the 2011 Canadian census. London is the seat of Middlesex County, at the forks of the non-navigable Thames River, approximately halfway between Toronto, Ontario and Detroit, Michigan. The City of London is a separated municipality, politically separate from Middlesex County, though it remains the official county seat.
London was first settled by Europeans between 1801 and 1804 by Peter Hagerman and became a village in 1826. Since then, London has grown into the largest Southwestern Ontario municipality, annexing many of the smaller communities that surrounded it. The city has developed a strong focus towards education, health care, tourism, and manufacturing.
London is home to Fanshawe College and the University of Western Ontario, which contributes to the city's reputation as an international centre of higher education, scientific research and cultural activity. The city hosts a number of musical and artistic exhibits. London's festivals contribute to its tourism industry, but its economic activity is centred on education, medical research, insurance, and information technology. London's university and hospitals are among its top ten employers. London lies at the junction of Highway 401 and 402, connecting it to Toronto, Detroit, and Sarnia. It also has an international airport, train and bus station.
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Loyalist, Ontario
Loyalist is a township in central eastern Ontario, Canada on Lake Ontario. It is in Lennox and Addington County and consists of two parts: the mainland and Amherst Island. It was named for the United Empire Loyalists, who settled in the area after the American Revolution.
Loyalist Township was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of Amherst Island Township, Ernestown Township, and Bath Village.
The primary centres of settlement in Loyalist are Amherstview, Bath and Odessa. Smaller communities include Asselstine, Bayview, Emerald, Ernestown, Links Mills, McIntyre, Millhaven, Morven, Nicholsons, Point, Stella, Storms Corners, Switzerville, Thorpe, Violet and Wilton. Since Loyalist Township is the only municipal level of government in the area, the boundaries of all the settlements are unofficial and matters of tradition.
Amherstview is named for Amherst Island, located directly to the south in Lake Ontario. When the community was first established in the 1950s, the spelling was generally "Amherst View". The community is the eastern end of the Loyalist Parkway, a stretch of Highway 33 that travels along Lake Ontario, in an area in which many United Empire Loyalists settled.
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Manitoba
Manitobai/ˌmænəˈtoʊbə/ is a Canadian prairie province. The province, with an area of 649,950 square kilometres (250,900 sq mi), has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other major industries are transportation, manufacturing, mining, forestry, energy, and tourism.
Manitoba's capital and largest city, Winnipeg, is Canada's eighth-largest Census Metropolitan Area, and home to 60 percent of the population of the province. Winnipeg is the seat of government, home to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the highest court in the jurisdiction, the Manitoba Court of Appeal. Four of the province's five universities, all four of its professional sports teams, and most of its cultural activities are located in Winnipeg.
Fur traders first arrived during the late 17th century. Manitoba became a province of Canada in 1870 after the Red River Rebellion. A general strike took place in Winnipeg in 1919, and the province was hit hard by the Great Depression. This led to the creation of what would become the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, one of the province's major political parties and currently in power, led by premier Greg Selinger.
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Manitoulin District
Manitoulin District is a district in Northeastern Ontario within the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1888 from part of Algoma District. The district seat is Gore Bay.
It comprises Manitoulin Island and a number of small islands around it, making it the smallest district in Ontario. Previously it included the municipality of Killarney on the mainland, until this was transferred to Sudbury District in the late 1990s. Subsequently, more mainland portions were added to Killarney and these, together with Unorganized Mainland Manitoulin District, were also transferred to Sudbury District in 2006, about 1,600 square kilometres (600 sq mi) in all.
Like the other districts of Northern Ontario, the Manitoulin District does not have a county or regional municipality tier of government. All services in the district are provided either by the individual municipalities or directly by the provincial government. Services are provided jointly with the Sudbury District from its district seat in Espanola.
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Metro Vancouver
Metro Vancouver is the brand name of the board of the inter-municipal administrative body known as the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD), a regional district in British Columbia, Canada. "Greater Vancouver Regional District" is the official name of the regional district and remains in common use.
The Metro Vancouver board governs the affairs of the Greater Vancouver Regional District, which is charged with certain aspects of governance for the metropolitan area surrounding and including the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Greater Vancouver Regional District was incorporated on June 29, 1967. Greater Vancouver as a region and name emerged when the newly born City of Vancouver expanded to become larger than the older New Westminster. The territory under Metro Vancouver's authority is essentially synonymous with what is usually meant by the colloquial term "Greater Vancouver", although wilderness and outlying rural regions within the regional district are not generally meant when the term "Greater Vancouver" is used. Statistics Canada defines the Vancouver CMA (Census Metropolitan Area) as having perfectly coterminal boundaries with the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Although the region's principal city is Vancouver, its administrative offices are located in the City of Burnaby.
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Moncton
Moncton ( /ˈmʌŋktən/) is a Canadian city located in Westmorland County in southeastern New Brunswick. Situated in the Petitcodiac River Valley, it lies at the geographic centre of the Maritime Provinces. The city has gained the nickname "Hub City" because of its central location and also because Moncton has historically been the railway and land transportation hub for the Maritimes.
The city proper has a population of 69,074 (2011). The Moncton CMA has a population of 138,644 (2011) and has the fifth fastest growth rate of all the metropolitan areas in Canada. The Moncton CMA also has the fastest growth rate of any urban region east of Saskatchewan. The CMA includes the neighbouring city of Dieppe and the town of Riverview, as well as adjacent suburban areas in Westmorland and Albert counties.
Although the area was originally settled in 1733, Moncton is considered to have been officially founded in 1766 with the arrival of Pennsylvania Dutch immigrants from Philadelphia. Initially an agricultural settlement, Moncton was not incorporated until 1855. It was named for Lt. Col. Robert Monckton, the British officer who had captured nearby Fort Beauséjour a century earlier. A significant wooden shipbuilding industry had developed in the community by the mid 19th century, allowing for incorporation, but the shipbuilding economy collapsed in the 1860s. The town subsequently lost its charter in 1862 but regained it in 1875 when the community's economy rebounded, mainly due to a growing railway industry. In 1871, the Intercolonial Railway of Canada chose Moncton to be its headquarters, and Moncton remained a railroad town for well over a century until the closure of the Canadian National Railway (CNR) locomotive shops in the late 1980s.
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Montreal
Montreal (
i/ˌmʌntriːˈɒl/;French: Montréal; pronounced [mɔ̃ʁeal] (
listen)) is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the fifteenth largest in North America. Originally called Ville-Marie, or "City of Mary", the city takes its present name from Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill located in the heart of the city, or Mont Réal as it was spelled in Middle French (Mont Royal in present French). The city is located on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard.
As of May 10, 2011, Statistics Canada identifies Montreal's Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) (land area 4,259 square kilometres (1,644 sq mi)) as Canada's second most populous with an estimated metropolitan area population of 3,824,221 and a population of 1,886,481 in the urban agglomeration of Montreal, which includes all of the municipalities on the Island of Montreal. The city of Montreal proper had a population of 1,649,519.
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Murney Tower
Murney Tower is a Martello tower in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, whose construction dates to 1846 and the Oregon crisis. Officially designated as Murray Tower, the locals called it Murney Tower, as it was built on Murney Point, which was owned by the Murney family at the time. They have since relocated to the Cobourg area. Eventually the name was changed to coincide with local usage.
Its builders intended that Murney (then Murray) Tower complement the fortifications of Fort Henry, Ontario. Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island, Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin and Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada were part of the same strategic improvements. The tower stands surrounded by a dry ditch and is accessible only by bridge. Murney's walls are about 3 metres thick on the land side and up to 5 metres thick on the lakeside. The main floor (ground level) was the barracks level and has two 32-lb caronade cannons pointed out shuttered windows. The lower floors were the magazine and storage and gun turrets to shoot at anyone inside the ditch. The top floor is the gun platform with one large cannon that can be rotated along an iron rail. A 'rapid removal' roof was later added to protect the gun and keep out the large amounts of snow that did not figure into the mediterranean design of the tower. This is a common feature on Canadian Martellos.
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Napanee, Ontario
The town of Greater Napanee is the county seat of Lennox and Addington County in Southeastern Ontario, Canada, and is approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) west of Kingston. It is located on the eastern end of the Bay of Quinte. The present municipality known as Greater Napanee was created by amalgamating the old Town of Napanee with the townships of Adolphustown, North and South Fredericksburgh, and Richmond in 1999. Greater Napanee is co-extensive with the original Lennox County.
The town is home to the Allan Macpherson House, an historic 1826 property, and current-day museum. Macpherson was major of the Lennox Militia, operated the town's grist and saw mills as well as the distillery and general store. He served as post master and land agent, operated the first local printing press and helped fund the estabalishment of many local schools and churches. The home sits on the banks of the Napanee River, which runs through the town.
The largest employer is a Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company plant. Napanee is also home to the headquarters to Dixie Lee Fried Chicken.
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New Brunswick
New Brunswick (French: Nouveau-Brunswick; pronounced: [nuˈvo bʁɔnˈzwik]) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual (English–French).Fredericton is the capital and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the province's largest Census Metropolitan Area. Through the 2011 nation wide census, Statistics Canada estimates the provincial population in 2011 to have been 751,171; a majority of the population is English-speaking, but there is also a large Francophone minority (33%), chiefly of Acadian origin.
The province's name comes from the English and French partial transcription of the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig in German) located in modern day Lower Saxony, northern Germany (and former duchy of the same name), the ancestral home of the Hanoverian George III of the United Kingdom.
New Brunswick is bounded by: on the north by Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula and Chaleur Bay; along the east coast by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and Northumberland Strait; in the southeast corner the narrow Isthmus of Chignecto connects New Brunswick to the Nova Scotia peninsula; in the south by the Bay of Fundy coast, (which with a rise of 16 m (52 ft), has amongst the highest tides in the world); and in the west by the US state of Maine.
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Northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario is the region within the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and east of Lakes Superior and Huron.
Northeastern Ontario consists of the districts of Algoma, Sudbury, Cochrane, Timiskaming, Nipissing and Manitoulin; and the single-tier municipality of Greater Sudbury.
For some purposes, Parry Sound District and Muskoka District Municipality are treated as part of Northeastern Ontario even though they are geographically in Central Ontario. These two divisions are coloured in green on the map.
Northeastern Ontario and Northwestern Ontario may also be grouped together as Northern Ontario. An important difference between the two sub-regions is that Northeastern Ontario has a sizeable Franco-Ontarian population — approximately 25 per cent of the region's population speaks French as a first language, compared to just 3.2 per cent in the northwest.
Northeastern Ontario has six cities. They are Greater Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, North Bay, Timmins, Elliot Lake and Temiskaming Shores.
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Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a geographic and administrative region of the Canadian province of Ontario. The geographic region lies north of Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay), the French River, Lake Nipissing, and the Mattawa River. The administrative region has several boundaries further south that vary according to federal and provincial government policies and requirements. The geographic region (which for census purposes, includes a part of Nipissing District that lies south of the Mattawa River) has a land area of 802,000 km2 (310,000 mi2) and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population. Most of Northern Ontario is situated on the Canadian Shield, a vast rocky plateau. The climate is characterized by extremes of temperature, extremely cold in winter and hot in summer. The principal industries are mining, forestry, and hydroelectricity.
For some purposes, Northern Ontario is further subdivided into Northeastern and Northwestern Ontario. When the region is divided in this way, the three westernmost districts (Rainy River, Kenora and Thunder Bay) constitute "Northwestern Ontario" and the other districts constitute "Northeastern Ontario." Northeastern Ontario contains two thirds of Northern Ontario's population.
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Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario is the region within the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and west of Lake Superior, and west of Hudson Bay and James Bay. It includes most of subarctic Ontario. Its western boundary is the Canadian province of Manitoba, which disputed Ontario's claim to the western part of the region. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In 1912, the Parliament of Canada by the Ontario Boundaries Extension Act gave jurisdiction over the District of Patricia to Ontario, thereby extending the northern boundary of the province to Hudson Bay.
For some purposes, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario are treated as separate regions, while for other purposes they are grouped together as Northern Ontario.
Northwestern Ontario consists of the districts of Kenora, Rainy River and Thunder Bay. Major communities in the region include Thunder Bay, Kenora, Dryden, Fort Frances, Sioux Lookout, Greenstone, Red Lake, Marathon, and Atikokan. There are also several dozen First Nations in Northwestern Ontario.
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Nova Scotia
Coordinates: 45°13′N 62°42′W / 45.217°N 62.7°W / 45.217; -62.7 (Nova Scotia)
Nova Scotia (pronounced /ˌnoʊvə ˈskoʊʃə/; French: Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province of the four in Atlantic Canada. Located almost exactly halfway between the Equator and the North Pole (44º 39' N Longitude), its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the second-smallest province in Canada with an area of 55,284 square kilometres (21,300 sq mi), including Cape Breton and some 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2011, the population was 921,727, making Nova Scotia the second-most-densely populated province in Canada.
Nova Scotia was already home to the Mi'kmaq people when French colonists established Port Royal, Nova Scotia, the first permanent European settlement in North America north of Florida in 1605. Almost one hundred and fifty years later, the first English and German settlers arrived with the founding of Halifax (1749). The first Scottish migration was on the Hector (1773) and then the first Black migration happened after the American Revolution (1783). Despite the diversity of the cultural heritage of Nova Scotia, much of the twentieth-century tourism efforts focused primarily on all things Scottish. Many recent tourism efforts embrace and showcase Nova Scotia's diversity.
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Odessa, Ontario
Loyalist is a township in central eastern Ontario, Canada on Lake Ontario. It is in Lennox and Addington County and consists of two parts: the mainland and Amherst Island. It was named for the United Empire Loyalists, who settled in the area after the American Revolution.
Loyalist Township was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of Amherst Island Township, Ernestown Township, and Bath Village.
The primary centres of settlement in Loyalist are Amherstview, Bath and Odessa. Smaller communities include Asselstine, Bayview, Emerald, Ernestown, Links Mills, McIntyre, Millhaven, Morven, Nicholsons, Point, Stella, Storms Corners, Switzerville, Thorpe, Violet and Wilton. Since Loyalist Township is the only municipal level of government in the area, the boundaries of all the settlements are unofficial and matters of tradition.
Amherstview is named for Amherst Island, located directly to the south in Lake Ontario. When the community was first established in the 1950s, the spelling was generally "Amherst View". The community is the eastern end of the Loyalist Parkway, a stretch of Highway 33 that travels along Lake Ontario, in an area in which many United Empire Loyalists settled.
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Ontario
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
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Ottawa
Ottawa (i/ˈɒtəwɑː/ or /ˈɒtəwə/) is the capital of Canada. It is the second largest city in Ontario and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, located on the north bank of the Ottawa River; together they form the National Capital Region (NCR).
Founded in 1826 as Bytown and incorporated as "Ottawa" in 1855, the city has evolved into a political and technological centre of Canada. Its original boundaries were expanded through numerous minor annexations and ultimately replaced by a new city incorporation and major amalgamation in 2001 which significantly increased its land area. The name "Ottawa" is derived from the Algonquin word adawe, meaning "to trade". Initially an Irish and French Christian settlement, Ottawa has become a multicultural city with a diverse population.
The 2011 census had the city's population as 883,391, and the metropolitan population as 1,236,324.Mercer ranks Ottawa with the second highest quality of living of any large city in the Americas, and 14th highest in the world. It is also rated the second cleanest city in Canada, and third cleanest city in the world. In 2012, the city was ranked for the third consecutive year as the best community in Canada to live in by MoneySense.
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Parks Canada
Parks Canada (French: Parcs Canada), also known as the Parks Canada Agency (French:Agence Parcs Canada), is an agency of the Government of Canada mandated to protect and present nationally significant natural and cultural heritage, and foster public understanding, appreciation, and enjoyment in ways that ensure their ecological and commemorative integrity for present and future generations. Parks Canada manages 42 National Parks (including seven National Park Reserves), four National Marine Conservation Areas, one National Landmark, and 167 National Historic Sites of Canada. The agency also administers the Canadian Register of Historic Places, a registry of historic sites in Canada.
Parks Canada was established on May 19, 1911, as the Dominion Parks Branch under the Department of the Interior, becoming the world's first national park service. Since its creation, its name has changed, known variously as the Dominion Parks Branch, National Parks Branch, Parks Canada, and the Canadian Parks Service, before a return to Parks Canada in 1998. The service's activities are regulated under the provisions of the Canada National Parks Act, which was enacted in 1930, and amended in 2000.
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Pembroke, Ontario
Pembroke (2011 population 14,360; CA population 24,017) is a city in the province of Ontario, Canada, at the confluence of the Muskrat River and the Ottawa River in the Ottawa Valley. Pembroke is the seat of Renfrew County, though it is politically independent.
The first European settler to the area now known as Pembroke was Daniel Fraser in 1823, who squatted on land that was discovered to have been granted to a man named Abel Ward. Ward later sold the land (where Moncion's Grocers is located) to Fraser, and nearby Fraser Street is named after the family. Peter White, a veteran of the Royal Navy arrived in 1828, squatting beside Fraser on the land where Dairy Queen is now located. Other settlers followed, attracted by the growing lumbering operations of the area.
Originally named Miramichi, Pembroke became a police village in 1856. Pembroke is named after Sidney Herbert, First Admiralty Secretary from 1841 to 1845 and son of George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke.
Pembroke was incorporated as a town in 1878 and as a city in 1971. It was named seat for Renfrew County in 1861. This set the stage for construction shortly thereafter on the Renfrew County Courthouse, which finished in 1867, and the arrival of many civil servants, much wealth and much construction. In the 20-year period following 1861, Pembroke basically became the city it is today in terms of layout and buildings, although many homes and other structures have been lost to time. A fire in 1918 destroyed much of Pembroke's downtown.
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Peterborough County
Peterborough County is located in Southern Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Peterborough.
The southern section of the county is mix of agriculture, urban and lakefront properties. The northern section of the county is mostly sparsely populated wilderness with numerous rivers and lakes, mostly within the recently expanded Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park.
The County contains the Lang Pioneer Village, and the Kawarthas are a major tourist region.
The county consists of eight townships:
First Nations reserves:
The City of Peterborough is within the Peterborough County census division, but is separated from the county's administration.
The county was founded as the District of Colborne in 1838, centred around Peterborough, which became the County of Peterborough in 1850. In 1862, the County was redivided into Haliburton County, Peterborough County, and Victoria County (now the City of Kawartha Lakes). The centre of the County was originally the courthouse, which is still considered an important historical site.
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Picton, Ontario
Picton is an unincorporated community located in Prince Edward County in southern Central Ontario, Canada. It is the county seat and largest community. Picton is located at the south-western end of Picton Bay, a branch of the Bay of Quinte, which is along the northern shoreline of Lake Ontario. The town is named for General Sir Thomas Picton, second in command to Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo.
It was formerly incorporated as a town.
Prior to its incorporation in 1837, the modern-day town of Picton consisted of two separate villages—Hallowell Bridge and Picton—which occupied the opposite sides of Picton Bay.
Named for General Sir Thomas Picton, Wellington's second-in-command at the Battle of Waterloo, the Town of Picton has a profound and rich history. It was here that Sir John A. MacDonald managed a law office for his uncle, Lowther P. MacPherson.
In 1998, the town and all other municipalities in the county were dissolved and amalgamated into a single-tier municipality, the Corporation of the County of Prince Edward. Each of the former municipalities is now a ward of the county. Picton is Ward 1.
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Pittsburgh Township
Pittsburgh is a former township in Ontario, Canada. Located within Frontenac County, it was named for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and founded January 1, 1850. The township was amalgamated into the city of Kingston effective January 1, 1998. The community still retains the name "Pittsburgh" within the government of Kingston.
Coordinates: 44°22′59″N 076°19′58″W / 44.38306°N 76.33278°W / 44.38306; -76.33278 (Pittsburgh, Kingston)
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Pittsburgh, Kingston
Pittsburgh is a former township in Ontario, Canada. Located within Frontenac County, it was named for Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and founded January 1, 1850. The township was amalgamated into the city of Kingston effective January 1, 1998. The community still retains the name "Pittsburgh" within the government of Kingston.
Coordinates: 44°22′59″N 076°19′58″W / 44.38306°N 76.33278°W / 44.38306; -76.33278 (Pittsburgh, Kingston)
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Prison For Women
The Prison For Women ("P4W"), located in Kingston, Ontario, functioned at a maximum security level from 1934 to 2000.
The first female inmates arrived on January 24, 1934. Before this date, maximum security female offenders were housed in the Female Department of the maximum security Kingston Penitentiary located across the street.
Beginning in 1995, female inmates were gradually transferred to other federal correctional institutions. On May 8, 2000, the last female inmate was transferred away from the P4W.
In January 2008, Queen's University took ownership of the former site of the Prison for Women. The property is 8.1 acres (33,000 m2) in size. The university archives will be housed there once renovations are completed. The transformation of the property includes the demolition of three of the four stone security walls.
The Prison for Women was closed following a number of controversial incidents. LSD was administered to inmates at the prison as part of tests that are today considered to be ethically dubious. As well, a riot at the prison in 1994 resulted in Justice Louise Arbour, then of the Ontario Court of Appeal heading up what became known as the Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston which found that the treatment of prisoners at the facility had been "cruel, inhumane and degrading".
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Quebec
Coordinates: 53°45′N 071°59′W / 53.75°N 71.983°W / 53.75; -71.983 (Quebec)
Quebec /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/ (French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
Quebec is Canada's largest province by area and its second-largest administrative division; only the territory of Nunavut is larger. It is bordered to the west by the province of Ontario, James Bay and Hudson Bay, to the north by Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay, to the east by the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick. It is bordered on the south by the US states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York. It also shares maritime borders with Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.
Quebec is Canada's second most populous province, after Ontario. Most inhabitants live in urban areas near the Saint Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City, the capital. English-speaking communities and English-language institutions are concentrated in the west of the island of Montreal but are also significantly present in the Outaouais, Eastern Townships, and Gaspé regions. The Nord-du-Québec region, occupying the northern half of the province, is sparsely populated and inhabited primarily by Aboriginal peoples.
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Quebec City
Quebec ( /kwəˈbɛk/ or /kəˈbɛk/; French: Québec [kebɛk] ( listen)), also Québec, Quebec City or Québec City (French: Ville de Québec) is the capital of the Canadian province of Quebec. As of 2011, the city has a population of 516,622, and the metropolitan area has a population of 765,706, making it the second most populous city in Quebec after Montreal, which is about 233 kilometres (145 mi) to the southwest.
The narrowing of the Saint Lawrence River proximate to the city's promontory, Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond), and Lévis, on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, Kébec, an Algonquin word meaning "where the river narrows". Founded in 1608 by Samuel de Champlain, Quebec City is one of the oldest cities in North America. The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec (Vieux-Québec) are the only remaining fortified city walls that still exist in the Americas north of Mexico, and were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the 'Historic District of Old Québec'.
According to the federal and provincial governments, Québec is the city's official name in both French and English, although Quebec City (or its French equivalent, Ville de Québec) is commonly used, particularly to distinguish the city from the province. The city's most famous landmark is the Château Frontenac, a hotel which dominates the skyline. The National Assembly of Quebec, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (National Gallery of Quebec), and the Musée de la civilisation (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec.
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Quinte West
Quinte West is a city, formerly part of Hastings County, but now a Separated municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada, . It is located on the western end of the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario. The Lake Ontario terminus of the Trent-Severn Waterway is located in the municipality.
Quinte West was formed through the amalgamation of the city of Trenton, the village of Frankford and the townships of Murray and Sidney on January 1, 1998. Trenton is the largest community and serves as the administrative and commercial centre.
In addition to Trenton and Frankford, the district of Quinte West, also includes the communities of Barcovan Beach, Batawa, Bayside, Chatterton, German Landing, Glen Miller, Glen Ross, Halloway, Johnstown, Lovett, Madoc Junction, Maple View, Mount Zion, Oak Lake, River Valley, Roseland Acres, Spencers Landing, Stockdale, Tuftsville, Twelve O'Clock, Wallbridge and Wooler.
Frankford was first settled by Europeans in the 1820s when settler Abel Scott built a grist mill along the Trent River. The settlement went under a number of names, including Scott's Mills, Cold Creek and Manchester. The settlement was named Frankford after Sir Francis Bond Head, the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada. Frankford was incorporated as a village in 1920.
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Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina ( /rɨˈdʒaɪnə/ "rej-eye-na") is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province (after Saskatoon) and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian OrthodoxDioceses of Regina and the Anglican Diocese of Qu'Appelle. Citizens of Regina are referred to as Reginans. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Sherwood No. 159. In 2012, Regina was named the fifth best Canadian city to live in by MoneySense magazine.
Regina was previously the seat of government of the North-West Territories, of which the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta originally formed part, and of the District of Assiniboia. It was named in 1882 after Queen Victoria, Victoria Regina, by her daughter Princess Louise, wife of the Marquess of Lorne, then the Governor General of Canada.
Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West, on its treeless flat plain Regina was a tabula rasa, without topographical features other than the small spring run-off Wascana Creek. Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a decorative lake to the south of the central business district and constructing the elaborate 840-foot (260 m) long Albert Street Bridge across the new lake. Regina's importance was further secured when the new province of Saskatchewan designated the city its capital in 1906.Wascana Centre, created around the focal point of Wascana Lake, remains Regina's signal attraction and contains the Provincial Legislative Building, both campuses of the University of Regina, the provincial museum of natural history, the Regina Conservatory (in the original Regina College buildings), the Saskatchewan Science Centre, the Norman MacKenzie Art Gallery and the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts.
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Renfrew County
Renfrew is a county in the Canadian province of Ontario. In 2011, the population was 101,326 and county covered 7,440.81 square kilometres (2,872.91 sq mi), giving a population density of 13.6 /km2 (35 /sq mi). There are 17 official municipalities.
The seat of county government is in Pembroke, a city that is politically independent of the county. In 2006, the county--along with Pembroke--was represented at the Canadian House of Commons as part of the riding of Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke.
Renfrew Country is known for its lakeside cottages and white-water rafting along the Ottawa River, and has more than 900 lakes. It is located in the subregion of Southern Ontario named Eastern Ontario. Renfrew County is also the largest county in terms of area in Ontario, ahead of Hastings County.
The county seat, the city Pembroke, is politically independent.
At Wilno, Ontario Canada's Kashubian community celebrates their heritage.
The county is home to CFB Petawawa and gives its name to The Lanark and Renfrew Scottish Regiment.
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Rideau Canal
The Rideau Canal (French: Canal Rideau), also known as the Rideau Waterway, connects the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on the Ottawa River to the city of Kingston, Ontario, on Lake Ontario. The canal was opened in 1832 as a precaution in case of war with the United States and is still in use today, with most of its original structures intact. The canal system uses sections of major rivers, including the Rideau and the Cataraqui, as well as some lakes. It is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America, and in 2007 it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It is operated today by Parks Canada as a recreational waterway. The locks on the system open for navigation in mid-May and close in mid-October.
The construction of the Rideau Canal was a preventive military measure undertaken after a report that during the War of 1812 the United States had intended to invade the British colony of Upper Canada via the St. Lawrence, which would have severed the lifeline between Montreal and Kingston. The British built a number of other canals (Grenville, Chute-à-Blondeau and Carillon Canals, all along the Ottawa River) as well as a number of forts (Citadel Hill, La Citadelle, and Fort Henry) to impede and deter any future American invasions of Canadian territory.
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Saguenay, Quebec
Saguenay (/ˈsæɡəˌneɪ/; French: Saguenay [saɡnɛ]) is a city in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada, on the Saguenay River, about 200 kilometres (120 mi) north of Quebec City.
The city of Saguenay constitutes a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE); its geographical code is 941.
Together with the regional county municipality of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay, it forms the census division (CD) of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord (94).
The mayor of Saguenay is Jean Tremblay, who served as mayor of Chicoutimi before the merger.
Prior to its use as the name of the city, the term "the Saguenay" or (less commonly) "Saguenay Valley" had already been used for the whole Saguenay River region (see Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean).
Saguenay is the seat of the judicial district of Chicoutimi.
The city was formed on February 18, 2002 by amalgamating the cities of Chicoutimi, Jonquière, La Baie and Laterrière, along with the municipalities of Lac-Kénogami and Shipshaw and part of the township of Tremblay.
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Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan (i/səˈskætʃɨwən/ or /səˈskætʃɨwɑːn/) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588,276 square kilometres (227,100 sq mi). Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota.
As of April 2011, the population of Saskatchewan was estimated at 1,053,960. Residents primarily live in the southern half of the province. Of the total population, 257,300 live in the province's largest city, Saskatoon, while 210,000 live in the provincial capital, Regina. Other major cities include Prince Albert, Moose Jaw, Yorkton, Swift Current and North Battleford.
Saskatchewan was first explored by Europeans in 1690 and settled in 1774, having also been inhabited for thousands of years by various indigenous groups. It became a province in 1905. Saskatchewan's current premier is Brad Wall and its lieutenant-governor is Vaughn Solomon Schofield. Its major industries are agriculture, mining, and energy. "In 1992, the federal and provincial governments signed a historic land claim agreement with Saskatchewan First Nations. Under the Agreement, the First Nations received money to buy land on the open market. As a result, about 761,000 acres have been turned into reserve land and many First Nations continue to invest their settlement dollars in urban areas", including Saskatoon.
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Scottsdale, Arizona
Scottsdale (O'odham Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ; Yaqui Eskatel) is a city in the eastern part of Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, adjacent to Phoenix. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2010 the population of the city was 217,385.The New York Times described downtown Scottsdale as "a desert version of Miami's South Beach" and as having "plenty of late night partying and a buzzing hotel scene".
Scottsdale is bordered to the west by Phoenix and Paradise Valley, to the north by Carefree, to the south by Tempe, and to the east by Fountain Hills and the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community.
The Scottsdale area was originally inhabited by the Hohokam, one of the four major prehistoric archeological cultures in the region that is now the American Southwest. From 800 AD to 1400 AD, this ancient civilization farmed the area and built irrigation canals, constructing more than 125 miles (201 km) of canals, much of which remains extant today.
Before European settlement, Scottsdale was a Pima village known as Vaṣai S-vaṣonĭ, meaning "rotting hay." Some Pima remained in their original homes well into the 20th century. For example, until the late 1960s, there was a still-occupied traditional dwelling on the southeast corner of Indian Bend Road and Hayden Road. Currently, those Pima who live within Scottsdale reside in newer homes rather than traditional dwellings. Many Pima and Maricopa people continue to reside on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, which borders Scottsdale directly to the east.
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Sharbot Lake
Sharbot Lake is a village in Central Frontenac Township, Frontenac County, Ontario, Canada, located on the eponymous Sharbot Lake.
Being situated in the Land O'Lakes Tourist Region and surrounded by many lakes in the area that are used for outdoor recreation, Sharbot Lake has tourist-oriented shops and accommodations. Also in the village are a public beach and park, a pharmacy, grocery, bank, medical clinic, law office, real estate services, and public library. The nearby Sharbot Lake Provincial Park has hiking trails camp sites, and a boat launch in to Sharbot lake .
Sharbot Lake is accessible via Provincial Highways 38 and 7 (the Trans-Canada Highway). It was once an important stop on the Kingston and Pembroke Railway. The rail bed now constitutes a multi-use section of the Trans Canada Trail.
Sharbot Lake hosts:
Olympic gold medalist Simon Whitfield got his start in the triathlon by participating in Sharbot Lake's annual 'Kids Of Steel' event for youth.
The local post office services the village with lock boxes, and rural routes (RR2 Sharbot Lake, RR1 Clarendon Station and RR1 Ompah).
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Sherbrooke
Sherbrooke (/ˈʃɜrbrʊk/; French pronunciation: [ʃɛʁbʁuk]) is a city in southern Quebec, Canada. Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François (St. Francis) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region. Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality (TE) and census division (CD) of Quebec, coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke. With 154,601 residents as of the 2011 census, Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada. The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 201,890 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada.
Sherbrooke is the primary economic, political, cultural and institutional centre of Estrie, and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century.
Sherbrooke is an important university center with eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people (3,700 of whom are professors, teachers and researchers). The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars. The proportion of university students is of 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants. In proportion to its population, Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec.
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Shoal Tower
Shoal Tower is a Martello tower located in the harbour (Confederation Basin) of Kingston, Ontario, Canada, directly opposite Kingston City Hall. It is one of four such towers built in the 1840s to protect Kingston's harbour and the entrance to the Rideau Canal. Cathcart Tower on Cedar Island, Shoal Tower in the Confederation Basin, Fort Frederick on the grounds of the Royal Military College of Canada, and Murney Tower were part of the same strategic improvements. Although 16 Martello towers were built in Canada, only 11 are still standing, four of them in Kingston.[citation needed]
Built in 1847, this limestone tower is 11 m high and 16.5 m in diameter . The guns of Shoal Tower defended the approaches of Kingston Harbour. A dispute between Great Britain and the United States over the boundary between British Columbia and Oregon that threatened to lead to war and to the invasion of Canada (see Oregon crisis) prompted their construction. Eventually Shoal Tower was abandoned.
It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1930, and is part of the Kingston Fortifications National Historic Site.
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Simcoe County
Simcoe County is located in central portion of Southern Ontario, Canada. The County is situated just north of the Greater Toronto Area stretching from the shores of Lake Simcoe in the east to Georgian Bay in the west. Simcoe County forms part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe area, a densely populated and industrialized region centred around the Greater Toronto Area.
The land area of the county is 4,859.16 square kilometres (1,876.13 sq mi). The elevated Niagara Escarpment runs through sections of the western part of the county and the Minesing Wetlands, a Ramsar Convention Wetland Of International Importance, is located in the central area of the County.
The county administrative centre is located in Midhurst, outside of Barrie.
Although not politically recognized, Simcoe County is informally split into two subregions, “South Simcoe” and “North Simcoe”. The dividing line between these two areas is Simcoe County Road 90 (Mill St.).
South Simcoe municipalities are situated at the northern boundary of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and therefore generally have a closer socio-economic association with the GTA. South Simcoe is also within the Toronto commuter-belt as it is home to a relatively high proportion of people commuting to the GTA. South Simcoe is home to five municipalities, including: the Town of Innisfil, the Township of Adjala-Tosorontio, the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, the Township of Essa and the Town of New Tecumseth (which includes: Alliston, Beeton, & Tottenham).
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Smiths Falls
Smiths Falls is a town in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the census division for Lanark County, but is considered a separated town and does not participate in county government. The Rideau Canal waterway passes through the town, with four separate locks in three locations and a combined lift of over 15 metres (50 ft).
The town's name was sometimes alternatively spelled "Smith's Falls" or "Smith Falls", but "Smiths Falls" is now considered correct.
The city is named for Thomas Smyth, a United Empire Loyalist who in 1786 was granted 400 acres (1.6 km2) in what is present-day Smiths Falls. The Heritage House Museum (c. 1862) also known as the Ward House, was designated under the Ontario Heritage Act in 1977.
At the time of construction of the Rideau Canal a small settlement had been established around a mill operated by Abel Russell Ward, who had bought Smyth's land. Colonel By ordered the removal of Ward's mill to make way for the canal. He settled with Ward for £1,500, one of the largest claims made by mill owners on the canal.
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Southern Ontario
Southern Ontario is a region of the province of Ontario, Canada. It is the most densely populated and southernmost region in Canada. Situated south of Algonquin Park it covers between 14 to 15% of the province, depending on the inclusion of the Parry Sound and Muskoka districts.
Southern Ontario differs very greatly from Northern Ontario. The region has a larger population, different climate, and different culture than its northern counterpart. Southern Ontario can also be broken into smaller subregions, such as Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Southwestern Ontario, and the Golden Horseshoe.
Southern Ontario can be distinguished from Northern Ontario because it is far more densely populated and contains the majority of the province's cities, major roads, and institutions. (The north, in contrast, contains more natural resources and remote wilderness.) Although it has no saltwater coastline, the region has an abundance of fresh water coastline on three Great Lakes (Huron, Erie and Ontario) as well as smaller lakes such as Lake Simcoe and Lake St. Clair. It is a major vineyard region and producer of Canadian wines.
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Southwestern Ontario
Southwestern Ontario is a subregion of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario, centred on the city of London. It extends north to south from the Bruce Peninsula on Lake Huron to the Lake Erie shoreline, and east to south-west roughly from Guelph to Windsor. The region had a population of 2,443,484 in 2006. Other significant towns and cities in the region are Brantford, Cambridge, Chatham, Goderich, Ingersoll, Kitchener, Owen Sound, Sarnia, St. Thomas, Stratford, Tillsonburg, Waterloo, and Woodstock.
The Bruce Peninsula and Georgian Bay shoreline, including the Blue Mountains are also part of the Georgian Triangle.
Southwestern Ontario occupies most of the Eastern Peninsula, bound on three sides by water: Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay, to the north and northwest; the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River, to the west; and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe.
Most definitions of Southwestern or Western Ontario reach eastward to include Guelph and Orangeville, though recently these municipalities are also included in on the western side of the growing Golden Horseshoe region and many of their residents commute into the Greater Toronto Area.
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St. Marys, Ontario
St. Marys is a town in southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is located on the Thames River southwest of Stratford in Perth County, and surrounded by the Township of Perth South. The town is also known by its nickname, "The Stone Town", due to the abundance of limestone in the surrounding area, giving rise to a large number of limestone buildings and homes throughout the town. St. Marys Cement, a large cement producer founded in the town, capitalized on this close feedstock, and grew to be a major producer of cement in the province of Ontario.
It is the burial place of Arthur Meighen, Canada's 9th Prime Minister. Timothy Eaton, who went on to become one of Canada's greatest retailers, opened his first businesses in Canada in St. Marys and nearby Kirkton, Ontario.
St. Marys is home to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.
The first settlers arrived in St. Marys in the early 1840s, attracted by the area's natural resources. At the new town site, the Thames River cascaded over a series of limestone ledges, providing the power to run the first pioneer mills and giving the community an early nickname: Little Falls.
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St. Thomas, Ontario
St. Thomas is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat for Elgin County and gained its city charter on March 4, 1881.
The city, located at the intersection of two historical roads, was first settled in 1810. It was named the seat of the new Elgin County in 1844 and was incorporated as a village in 1852, as a town in 1861. In 1881 St. Thomas finally grew to become a city.
Ten years after the incorporation as a town ( in 1871 ), the developing village of Millersburg, which included these lands east of the London and Port Stanley Railway, amalgamated with St. Thomas.
In the late 19th century and early 20th century several railways were constructed through the city, and St. Thomas became an important railway junction. A total of 26 railways have passed through the city since the first railway was completed in 1856. In the 1950s and 1960s, with the decline of the railway as a mode of transportation, other industry began to locate in the city, principally primary and secondary automotive manufacturing.
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Stratford, Ontario
Stratford is a city on the Avon River in Perth County in southwestern Ontario, Canada with a population of 30,886 as of 2011.
When the area was first settled by Europeans in 1832, the townsite and the river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon, England. It is the seat of Perth County. Stratford was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly and the current mayor is Dan Mathieson. The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year twenty-four white swans and two black swans are released into the Avon River. The town is most well known for being the home of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival.
The town was originally a railway junction. Furniture manufacturing became an important part of the local economy by the twentieth century. A 1933 strike by furniture workers in Stratford, led by the Communist Workers' Unity League, marks the last time the army was deployed to break a strike in Canada.
The city's economy took a major turn when the Stratford Shakespeare Festival started in 1953. The annual festival now brings hundreds of thousands of theatre goers and tourists to the area. Celebrities such as Alec Guinness, Christopher Plummer, Peter Ustinov, Dame Maggie Smith, and William Shatner have performed at the festival. The world-renowned festival takes place in four theatres throughout the city: the Festival Theatre, the Avon Theatre, Tom Patterson Theatre and the Studio Theatre.
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Sudbury District
The Sudbury District is a district in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created in 1894 from townships of eastern Algoma District and west Nipissing District.
The overwhelming majority of the district (about 92%) is unincorporated and part of Unorganized North Sudbury District. With the exception of Chapleau, all of the district's incorporated municipalities are found in the area immediately surrounding the city of Greater Sudbury to the west, east and south. North of the Greater Sudbury area, the district is sparsely populated; between Sudbury and Chapleau, only unincorporated settlements, ghost towns and small First Nations reserves are found.
Because the districts of Northern Ontario are unincorporated territorial divisions, unlike the counties or regional municipalities of Southern Ontario, the city of Greater Sudbury is legally defined as part of the district in the geographic sense.
Politically, however, the district and the city are considered two distinct census divisions and two distinct jurisdictions for provincial government services. The district's social services board — which has offices in the district seat of Espanola, as well as satellite offices in several other communities in the district — instead shares its jurisdictional area with the neighbouring Manitoulin District, whereas equivalent services in Greater Sudbury, which has the status of a single-tier municipality, are provided directly from the city.
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Syracuse, New York
Syracuse ( /ˈsɪrəkjuːs/ or local /ˈsɛrəkjuːs/) is a city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States, It is the largest U.S. city with the name "Syracuse", and is the fifth most populous city in the state of New York. At the 2010 census, the city population was 145,170, (making it the 167th largest city in the country) and its metropolitan area had a population of 662,577. It is the economic and educational hub of Central New York, a region with over a million inhabitants. Syracuse is also well-provided with convention sites, with a downtown convention complex and, directly west of the city, the Empire Expo Center, which hosts the annual Great New York State Fair. The city derives its name from Siracusa, a city on the eastern coast of the Italian island of Sicily.
The city has functioned as a major crossroads over the last two centuries, first between the Erie Canal and its branch canals, then of the railway network. Today, Syracuse is located at the intersection of Interstates 81 and 90, and its airport is the largest in the region. Syracuse is home to Syracuse University, a major research university; the Upstate Medical University and Hospital, the city's largest employer; and several smaller colleges and professional schools. In 2010 Forbes rated Syracuse 4th in the top 10 places to raise a family.
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Tamworth, Ontario
Tamworth is a small community in Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada. Tamworth is located due North of Napanee, Ontario and Northeast of Belleville, Ontario, near Kingston, Ontario.
Tamworth briefly had a Tier II Junior "A" team known as the Tamworth Cyclones. The team was a member of the Greater Metro Junior A Hockey League.
Tamworth is also home to the first Irish Language speaking area, or Gaeltacht, to be announced outside of Ireland. This is an important symbol of hope for the struggling minority language. Plans for the site include cabins to house upwards of 100 people, classrooms, and a museum. See main article Permanent North American Gaeltacht
Coordinates: 44°28′N 76°59′W / 44.467°N 76.983°W / 44.467; -76.983
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Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario with a population of 108,359 as of the Canada 2011 Census, and the second most populous in Northern Ontario after Greater Sudbury. The census metropolitan area of Thunder Bay has a population of 121,596, and consists of the city of Thunder Bay, the municipalities of Oliver Paipoonge and Neebing, the townships of Shuniah, Conmee, O'Connor and Gillies and the Fort William First Nation.
European settlement in the region began in the late 17th century with a French fur trading outpost on the banks of the Kaministiquia River. It grew into an important transportation hub with its port forming an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway to the east coast. Forestry and manufacturing played important roles in the city's economy. They have declined in recent years, but have been replaced by a "knowledge economy" based on medical research and education. Thunder Bay is the site of the Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute.
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Timiskaming District
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay District.
The division had a population of 32,634 in the Canada 2011 Census. The land area is 13,299.92 square kilometres (5,135.13 sq mi); the population density was 2.5 per square kilometre (6.5 /sq mi).
The Coureur de bois explored and traded fur in what is now the Timiskaming District, in the 17th century.
The district seat is in Temiskaming Shores.
Along with portions of the neighbouring district, Cochrane, Timiskaming is represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario by John Vanthof. In the House of Commons of Canada, the district is divided between Nipissing—Timiskaming, represented by Jay Aspin, in the south, and Timmins—James Bay, represented by Charlie Angus, in the north. A very small portion of the district also belongs to the riding of Nickel Belt.
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Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
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Trois-Rivières
Trois-Rivières (French pronunciation: [tʁwɑʁivjɛʁ]) is a city in the Mauricie region of Quebec, Canada, located at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence Rivers. It is situated in the Mauricie administrative region, on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the city of Bécancour. It is part of the densely populated Quebec City – Windsor Corridor and is approximately halfway between Montreal and Quebec City. Trois-Rivières is the economic and cultural hub of the Mauricie region. It was founded on July 4, 1634, the second permanent settlement in New France, after Quebec City in 1608.
The city's name, which is French for three rivers, is named for the fact that the Saint-Maurice River, which is divided by two small islands at the river's opening, has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River. Traditionally, Trois-Rivières was referred to in English as Three Rivers, although in more recent decades it has been referred to as Trois-Rivières in both English and French. The anglicized name still appears in many areas of the town (e.g., the city's Three Rivers Academy), bearing witness to the influence of English settlers in the town. The city's inhabitants are known as "Trifluviens" (Trifluvians).
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Tweed, Ontario
Tweed is a municipality and a village located in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, in Hastings County.
The Municipality of Tweed is an amalgamated municipality comprising the former Village of Tweed and the former Townships of Hungerford and Elzevir & Grimsthorpe. The Municipality was officially incorporated on January 1, 1998, as a lower tier municipality within the County of Hastings two tier governing system.
As of 2004, the total land area was approximately 230,000 acres (930 km²), 30% of which was Crown land. Lakes, rivers and streams account for approximately 4,650 acres (18 km²). There are approximately 600 kilometres (370 mi) of roads throughout the Municipality. The total 2004 property assessment for the Municipality of Tweed was $309,000,000. Its composition was 84% residential, 7% farm, 6% commercial and industrial, and 3% other categories.
Lake Stoco, which borders the town of Tweed, is home to a popular and uncommon sport-fish, the muskellunge or Muskie (Esox masquinongy). The Black River joins the Moira River near the Village of Tweed.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Watertown, New York
Watertown is a city in the state of New York and the county seat of Jefferson County. It is situated approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of the Thousand Islands. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 27,023, an increase of 1.2% since 2000. The U.S. Army post Fort Drum is near the city.
Named after the many falls located on the Black River, the city developed early in the 19th century as a manufacturing center. From years of generating industrial wealth, in the early 20th century the city was said to have more millionaires per capita than any other city in the nation. Residents of Watertown built a rich public and private architectural legacy. It is the smallest city to have a park designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, the celebrated landscape architect who created Central Park in New York City.
Geographically, Watertown is located in the central part of Jefferson County. It lies 72 miles (116 km) northeast of Syracuse, New York and 31 miles (50 km) south of the Ontario border. The city is served by Watertown International Airport.
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West Point
The United States Military Academy at West Point (also known as USMA, West Point, Army, The Academy or simply The Point) is a four-year coeducational federal service academy located in West Point, New York. The academy sits on scenic high ground overlooking the Hudson River, 50 miles (80 km) north of New York City. The entire central campus is a national landmark and home to scores of historic sites, buildings, and monuments. The majority of the campus's neogothic buildings are constructed from gray and black granite. The campus is a popular tourist destination complete with a large visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army.
Candidates for admission must both apply directly to the academy and receive a nomination, usually from a Senator or Representative. Students are officers-in-training and are referred to as cadets or collectively as the United States Corps of Cadets (USCC). Tuition for cadets is fully funded by the Army in exchange for an active duty service obligation upon graduation. Approximately 1,300 cadets enter the Academy each July with about 1,000 cadets graduating.
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Westport, Ontario
Coordinates: 44°41′00″N 76°23′57″W / 44.6833333°N 76.39917°W / 44.6833333; -76.39917
Westport is a village in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the west end of Upper Rideau Lake, at the head of the navigable Rideau Canal system, between Kingston and Ottawa.
The village of Westport was incorporated as an independent municipality in 1904. Surrounded by the Township of Rideau Lakes, within Leeds and Grenville County, Westport is one of Ontario's smallest municipalities. An idyllic village with a population of about 700 (2001), it is a notable destination for residents of nearby cottages and passing travellers in the summer time, due to specialty shops and being the sole sizable town in the area.
The first settlers to the Westport area arrived in the period between 1810 and 1820. The land on which Westport now sits was originally granted by the Crown to a Mr. Hunter, but he never settled in the area and was eventually purchased by Reuben Sherwood in 1817. Some of this land was later purchased by the Stoddard and Manhard families. The small community was known as Head of the Lake. In 1828, Stoddard built a saw mill and in 1829 the Manhards built a saw mill and grist mill. It became known at that time as Manhard's Mills. It was two local merchants, Aaron Chambers and Lewis Cameron, who in 1841, named the village Westport, the name reflecting its location at the west end of Upper Rideau Lake. The village of Westport was incorporated in 1904 when it separated from North Crosby Township.
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Windsor, Ontario
Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and is located in Southwestern Ontario at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City–Windsor Corridor. It is within the Essex, Ontario Census division, although administratively separated from the county government. Separated by the Detroit River, Windsor is located south of Detroit, Michigan in the United States. Windsor is known as The City of Roses and residents are known as Windsorites.
Prior to European exploration and settlement, the Windsor area was inhabited by the First Nations and Native American people. Windsor was settled by the French in 1749 as an agricultural settlement. It is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in Canada west of Montreal. The area was first named Petite Côte ("Little Coast" - as opposed to the longer coastline on the Detroit side of the river). Later it was called La Côte de Misère ("Poverty Coast") because of the sandy soils near LaSalle.
Windsor's French Canadian heritage is reflected in many French street names, such as Ouellette, Pelissier, François, Pierre, Langlois, Marentette, and Lauzon. The current street system of Windsor (a grid with elongated blocks) reflects the Canadien method of agricultural land division, where the farms were long and narrow, fronting along the river. Today, the north-south street name often indicates the name of the family that at one time farmed the land. The street system of outlying areas is consistent with the British system for granting land concessions. There is a significant French-speaking minority in Windsor and the surrounding area, particularly in the Lakeshore, Tecumseh and LaSalle areas.
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Alec Ross
Alexander Ross (1881 – 25 June 1952), generally known as Alec Ross and sometimes as Alex or Aleck, was a Scottish golfer. He was a native of Dornoch and learned his golf in his home country, but like many British professional golfers of his era he spent many years working as a club professional in the United States. While employed by the Brae Burn Country Club, near Boston, he won the 1907 U.S. Open at the St. Martin's course at Philadelphia Cricket Club. He competed in the U.S. Open seventeen times in total, and finished in the top ten places five times. His other tournament wins include the North and South Open six times (1902, 1904, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1915), the Massachusetts Open six times (1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1912) and the Swiss Open three times (1923, 1925, 1926).
Ross's brother Donald also moved to the U.S. and was one of the most celebrated of all golf course designers. Alec was the professional at the Detroit Golf Club in Detroit, Michigan for 31 years. He died in Miami, Florida.
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Andy Sutton
Andrew Cameron "Andy" Sutton (born March 10, 1975) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman, currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers. He has previously played with the San Jose Sharks, Minnesota Wild, Atlanta Thrashers, New York Islanders, Ottawa Senators and Anaheim Ducks.
Sutton was born in London, Ontario and played most of his youth hockey with the Greater London Hockey Association and the rep London Sabres AAA program.
He moved with his family to Kingston, Ontario at age 14. Sutton played Junior "B" hockey in Gananoque, Ontario at age 16, later playing in the Metro Toronto Junior Hockey League for St. Mike's B's. His play with St. Mike's earned him a scholarship to play collegiate hockey for Michigan Tech in the WCHA. Sutton played four seasons with Michigan Tech, where he switched from left wing to defence.
Six weeks before he was to finish his degree in environmental engineering, Sutton was signed as a free agent by the San Jose Sharks on March 20, 1998. Sutton made his NHL debut with the Sharks in the 1998–99 season and played in 71 games in his two seasons with San Jose before moving to the Minnesota Wild in the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft.
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Arthur Dwight Ross
Air Commodore Arthur Dwight Ross, GC, CBE, CD (18 March 1907 – 27 September 1981) was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) Base Commander of No. 62 Base, No. 6 Group RCAF in Yorkshire, England during the Second World War. A/C Ross received the George Cross for his actions on the night of 27/28 June 1944 at RAF Tholthorpe.
Arthur Dwight Ross was born 18 March 1907, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. After graduating from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario in 1928 (student # 1815), he took a commission in the Royal Canadian Air Force. Ross received his pilot's wings at Camp Borden in February 1929.
After a few years of aerial surveying and staffing work, Ross was appointed commander of No. 5 (Bomber Reconnaissance) Squadron on Canada's east coast in 1939 where he flew on anti-submarine and convoy escort operations.
From August 1940 to March 1942, he worked with the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan as the officer commanding No. 3 Service Flying Training School (SFTS), at Currie Field in Calgary, Alberta.
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Bernie Nicholls
Bernard Irvine Nicholls (born June 24, 1961) is a former professional ice hockey centre. His junior career was spent with the Kingston Canadians, where he established himself as a dynamic scorer and a multi-faceted talent. He was selected by the Los Angeles Kings in the fourth round of the 1980 NHL Entry Draft, 73rd overall. Over his 17 year playing career, Nicholls would play 1127 games for The Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, New Jersey Devils, Chicago Blackhawks and San Jose Sharks, scoring 1209 points. He is one of only 8 players in NHL history to score 70 goals in one season, and one of 5 to score 150 points.
After Nicholls was drafted, he played one more year of junior before making his professional debut with the New Haven Nighthawks of the AHL. He scored 41 goals in 55 games as a rookie, and was recalled to the Kings on February 18, 1982 against the Calgary Flames to finish the season, where he had 32 points in 22 games, and was a contributor in the playoffs, where the Kings upset the Edmonton Oilers to reach the second round. Nicholls would never again play in the minor leagues.
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Bob Dailey
Robert Scott Dailey (born May 3, 1953) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played nine seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Vancouver Canucks and Philadelphia Flyers between 1973 and 1982.
The league's tallest player until the arrival of Willie Huber in 1978, Dailey was a tremendous combination of size and skill on the blueline. He was selected ninth overall by the Vancouver Canucks in the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft from the Toronto Marlboros, where he had won the Memorial Cup as a junior. He immediately stepped into the Canucks roster as one of their top defenders, registering 7 goals and 24 points as a rookie in 1973–74.
In 1974–75, Dailey registered 12 goals and 48 points to lead Canuck defenders and was named the club's top blueliner. He had another fine season in 1975–76, notching 15 goals despite missing time to injury. However, the Canucks would deal him to the Philadelphia Flyers mid-way through the 1976–77 season in exchange for Jack McIlhargey and Larry Goodenough. The deal would prove a lopsided one as McIlhargey and Goodenough were never more than bit players for the Canucks while Dailey would be the Flyers' top defender for the next 5 years.
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Bronwen Wallace
Bronwen Wallace (26 May 1945 – 25 August 1989) was a Canadian poet and short story writer.
Wallace was born in Kingston, Ontario. She attended Queen's University, Kingston (B.A. 1967, M.A. 1969). In 1970, she moved to Windsor, Ontario, where she founded a women's bookstore and became active in working class and women's activist groups. In 1977, she returned to Kingston, where she worked at a women's shelter and taught at St. Lawrence College and Queen's. She wrote a weekly column for the Kingston Whig-Standard. In 1988, she was writer-in-residence at the University of Western Ontario.
Her collections testify to her social activism involving women's rights, civil rights, and social policy. A primary focus of her work was violence against women and children.
In a series of letters published in 1994 as Two Women Talking: Correspondence 1985-1987, Wallace and poet Erin Mouré discuss feminist theory. Mouré defends the language philosophers (particularly Wittgenstein) who demonstrate that our speech, and the concepts expressible in language, governs our knowledge and actions. However, Wallace disagreed that language-centred writing rescues women from the patriarchy, claiming that it can be easily co-opted by patriarchs. Society's use of politically correct language, she notes in the book, bears this out. Wallace believed that by engaging her readers in the issues of violence, she could provoke change in the reader and hence in society.
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Bruce Cockburn
Bruce Douglas Cockburn OC ( /ˈkoʊbərn/ KOH-bərn; born May 27, 1945) is a Canadian folk/rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. His most recent album was released in March 2011. He has written songs in styles ranging from folk to jazz-influenced rock to rock and roll.
Bruce Cockburn was born in 1945 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and spent some of his early years on a farm outside Pembroke, Ontario. He has stated in interviews that his first guitar was one he found around 1959 in his grandmother's attic, which he adorned with golden stars and used to play along to radio hits. Cockburn was a student (but did not study music) at Nepean High School, where his 1964 yearbook photo states his desire "to become a musician." He attended Berklee School of Music in Boston for three semesters in the mid-1960s. In 1966 he joined an Ottawa band called The Children, which lasted for about a year. In the spring of 1967 he joined the final lineup of The Esquires. He moved to Toronto that summer to form The Flying Circus with former Bobby Kris & The Imperials members Marty Fisher and Gordon MacBain and ex-Tripp member Neil Lillie. The group recorded some material in late 1967 (which remains unreleased) before changing its name to Olivus in the spring of 1968, by which time Lillie (who changed his name to Neil Merryweather) had been replaced by Dennis Pendrith from Livingstone's Journey. Olivus opened for The Jimi Hendrix Experience and Cream in April 1968. That summer Cockburn broke up the band with the intention of going solo, but he ended up in the band 3's a Crowd with David Wiffen, Colleen Peterson, and Richard Patterson, who had played with him in The Children. Cockburn left this band in the spring of 1969 to pursue a solo career.
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Bryan Adams
Bryan Adams, OC OBC (born Bryan Guy Adams, 5 November 1959) is a Canadian rock singer-songwriter, guitarist, bassist, producer, actor and photographer. For his contributions to music, Adams has many awards and nominations, including 20 Juno Awards among 56 nominations, 15 Grammy Award nominations including a win for Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television in 1992. He has also won MTV, ASCAP, and American Music awards. In addition, he has won two Ivor Novello Awards for song composition and has been nominated for several Golden Globe Awards and three times for Academy Awards for his songwriting for films.
Adams was awarded the Order of Canada and the Order of British Columbia for contributions to popular music and philanthropic work via his own foundation, which helps improve education for people around the world.
Adams was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame, with the 2,435th star in March 2011 and Canada's Walk of Fame in 1998, and in April 2006 he was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame at Canada's Juno Awards. In 2008, Bryan was ranked 38 on the list of All-Time top artists by the Billboard Hot 100 50th Anniversary Charts. On 13 January 2010, he received the Allan Waters Humanitarian Award for his part in numerous charitable concerts and campaigns during his career, and on 1 May 2010 was given the Governor General's Performing Arts Award for his 30 years of contributions to the arts.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy indigenous to the Indian subcontinent and encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs, and practices largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, who is commonly known as the Buddha (meaning "the awakened one" in Sanskrit and Pāli). The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE. He is recognized by Buddhists as an awakened or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end ignorance (avidyā), craving (taṇhā), and suffering (dukkha), by recognizing dependent origination and sunyata, and attain Nirvana.
Two major branches of Buddhism are recognized: Theravada ("The School of the Elders") and Mahayana ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana is found throughout East Asia and includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism, Shingon, Tiantai (Tendai) and Shinnyo-en. In some classifications, Vajrayana—practiced mainly in Tibet and Mongolia, and adjacent parts of China and Russia—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana. There are other categorisations of these three Vehicles or Yanas.
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Carolyn Smart
Carolyn Smart (born in England, 1952) is an author, mostly of poetry, who lives in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. She currently teaches Contemporary Canadian Literature and Creative Writing at Queen's University.
She was seventeen when she published her first poem in an anthology called Vibrations, edited by Gage publishing and intended for study in schools. She continued to publish while studying English Literature and Eastern Religion at the University of Toronto. She gave her first public reading in 1972, and she began writing full-time in 1979, with her first collection of poetry being published in 1981.
She has two sons, two dogs, and a loving husband.
Books
Poems and Essays in Anthologies
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Chaucer Elliott
Edwin S. "Chaucer" Elliott (1879 in Kingston, Ontario – March 13, 1913) was a Canadian sportsman and a Hall of Fame referee and linesman. He is the grandfather of Bob Elliott, one of Canada's most respected sports writers.
At Queen's University he played for the hockey and football teams. He was captain of the football team for two years. He also played for the Kingston Granites, winners of the Canadian championship in 1899. He left the university before graduating to organise a semi-pro baseball club in Kingston, Ontario to compete in a league he formed with other teams in Ontario and New York.
During the winter of 1906 he coached the ORFU's Toronto Argonauts to a 3–2 record. The following year he was coach for the Montreal AAA's Winged Wheelers. In 1908 he was named the AAA's advisor for all sports. Elliott resigned from that position in 1910 to return to coach the Toronto Argonauts. The Argos finished 3–3 and tied with the Ottawa Rough Riders for second place in the IRFU. Elliott left that position in 1911 to become manager of the to become manager of the St. Thomas Saints of the Canadian Baseball League.
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Chris St. Clair
Chris St. Clair is a Canadian weather broadcaster, currently the host of Saturday and Sunday morning and early afternoon broadcasts on The Weather Network. As he has said on the show he grew up in Halifax, Nova Scotia. On The Weather Network, St. Clair also hosts WeatherWise, a segment where he explains different weather phenomena. He is the station's longest-serving host, having joined the station in 1996.
He is a graduate of Acadia University, and is a former commercial airline pilot. His book Canada's Weather: The Climate that Shapes a Nation was published in 2009.
St. Clair appeared on The Mercer Report on CBC Television, that first aired on January 25, 2011.
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Christopher McCreery
Christopher McCreery, MVO (born September 1975, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) is a Canadian author and historian.
Best known for his six books on the Canadian honours system. A native of Kingston Ontario McCreery holds a Doctorate in Canadian history from Queen’s University. His Master’s thesis, “Questions of Honour: Canadian Government Policy Towards Titular Honours” was the first major academic work to examine the Canadian titles debate and the Nickle Resolution. McCreery regularly comments on matters related to the Canadian honours system, the Order of Canada and the Governor General of Canada.
His published works include “The Order of Canada; Its Origins, History and Development” (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005); “The Canadian System of Honours” (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2005); “On Her Majesty’s Service; Royal Honours and Recognition in Canada” (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2007); “ The Maple Leaf and the White Cross; A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada” (Toronto Dundurn Press, 2008); “The Beginner’s Guide to Canadian Honours” (Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2008); and "The Authentic Voice of Canada: R.B. Bennett Speeches in the House of Lords," 1941-1947 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009). He also contributed a number of Commonwealth entries to Burkes Peerage and Gentry “World Orders of Knighthood and Merit” (2006). McCreery's latest works include "The Canadian Forces' Decoration" (Department of National Defence, 2010) a work commissioned by the Department of National Defence to commemorate the sixtieth anniversary of King George VI establishing the CD and "Canadian Symbols of Authority: Maces, Chains and Rods of Office," co-authored with Corinna Pike, covers the history of the ceremonial maces and badges of office that are used throughout Canada and was released in June 2011.
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Cory Greenwood
Cory Greenwood (born June 5, 1985) is a Canadian professional gridiron football player, currently on the active roster of the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL) as a middle linebacker and long snapper. He played college football for the Concordia University Stingers, and was drafted third overall by the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) in the 2010 CFL Draft, after Toronto traded up to be in a position to draft him. A few days later, however, he signed a contract with the Chiefs.
Greenwood was born in Kingston, Ontario. He attended Regiopolis-Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School, and Concordia University where he played college football for the Concordia Stingers from 2006-2009. There he was the co-recipient of the President's Trophy, along with Ottawa U's Gregory Kates, for the best defensive player in Canadian Interuniversity Sport football.
Coming into the 2010 CFL Draft, Greenwood was ranked as the third overall prospect in the Canadian Football League’s Amateur Scouting Bureau rankings for players eligible in that year's draft. On the day prior to the draft, the Toronto Argonauts traded the number one overall draft pick to the Saskatchewan Roughriders, along with the eighth overall pick, for punter Jamie Boreham and the second and fourth overall picks in the 2010 draft. To ensure that they would be able to select Greenwood, they then traded their newly acquired fourth overall pick to the BC Lions for the third overall pick. With the trade made official, the Toronto Argonauts selected Greenwood with the third overall pick in the draft.
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Craig Rivet
Craig A. Rivet (pronounced /ˈrɪvɨt/; born September 13, 1974) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Elmira Jackals of the ECHL. He has previously played for the Montreal Canadiens, San Jose Sharks, Buffalo Sabres, and Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League.
Craig Rivet was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1992 NHL Entry Draft from the Kingston Frontenacs in the Ontario Hockey League. He was drafted in the third round, 68th overall. Upon being drafted, he recorded junior career highs in 1992–93 with 19 goals, 55 assists and 74 points. He added 12 points in the playoffs as Kingston advanced to the semi-finals but were eliminated by the Peterborough Petes in five games.
After spending his first few professional seasons with Montreal's AHL affiliate, the Fredericton Canadiens, Craig Rivet earned a full-time roster spot with Montreal in 1997–98 and became an alternate captain to Saku Koivu during his time with the team. After a 25-point season with a career-high 8 goals in 2001–02, he re-signed with the Canadiens to a four-year, $12 million contract extension. In 2005–06, Rivet improved to 34 points, his best offensive output with the Canadiens.
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Dan Aykroyd
Daniel Edward "Dan" Aykroyd, CM (born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian comedian, singer, actor and screenwriter. He was an original cast member of Saturday Night Live, an originator of The Blues Brothers (with John Belushi) and Ghostbusters and has had a long career as a film actor and screenwriter.
Aykroyd was born on July 1, 1952, at the Ottawa General Hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He grew up in the Canadian capital, where his father, Samuel Peter Aykroyd, a civil engineer, worked as a policy adviser to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. His mother, Lorraine Hélène (née Gougeon), is a secretary, of French Canadian descent. His brother, Peter, also became a comedy actor. Aykroyd was born with syndactyly (webbed toes), which was revealed in the movie Mr. Mike's Mondo Video and in a short film on Saturday Night Live (Don't Look Back In Anger). He was also born with heterochromia (a condition of having two differently coloured eyes). His right eye is green and his left eye is brown.
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David Ling
David Ling (born January 9, 1975 in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently under contract with the Providence Bruins of the AHL. Ling was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 179th overall pick in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft.
Ling played with the Charlottetown Abbies for 3 seasons and in his third seasonMRJHL as a 17 year old in 1991–92, as he scored 33 goals, 75 points and 270 PIM in only 30 games. Ling also played eight games with the St. Michael's Buzzers of the OHA, earning 19 points.
Ling made his OHL debut during the 1992–93 season, as he had 17 goals, 63 points and 275 PIM in 64 games with the Kingston Frontenacs. Ling had a solid playoff with Kingston, as he had 15 points in 16 games, helping the club to the third round of the post-season.
In the 1993–94 season, Ling improved his numbers, scoring 37 goals and 77 points in 61 games, as well as accumulating 254 PIM. Ling then chipped in with six points in six playoff games for the Frontenacs.
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David Usher
David Usher (born April 24, 1966) is a British-born Canadian singer-songwriter. Formerly the frontman for the alternative rock band Moist, he embarked on a solo career beginning in 1997 and has released seven solo albums to date.
David Usher was born in Oxford, England to a Thai Buddhist, artist Samphan Usher, and a Jewish Montrealer, Dan Usher, who is a professor of economics at Queen's University. He has lived in various places such as Malaysia, New York City, California and Thailand since early childhood, before his family settled in Kingston, ON. He attended high school at Kingston Collegiate and Vocational Institute. Usher attended Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia, majoring in political science. His degree would later influence his music career. Usher is a humanist, and has been involved in such causes as War Child Canada, White Ribbon Campaign and Amnesty International. Usher is featured in the acclaimed 2001 MuchMusic special Musicians in the WarZone, a humanitarian documentary produced by War Child Canada, directed by filmmaker Liz Marshall. In it Usher journeys to the northern border of Thailand to visit a large Burmese refugee community.
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Dee Sterling
Dee Sterling (born February 3, 1986 in Kingston, Ontario) is a professional Canadian football defensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Eskimos in the second round of the 2009 CFL Draft. He played CIS football for the Queen's Golden Gaels.
He was released by the Eskimos on May 23, 2012.
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Diane Schoemperlen
Diane Mavis Schoemperlen (born July 9, 1954) is a Canadian novelist and short story writer. She was born in Thunder Bay, Ontario, and educated at Lakehead University.
Her first novel, In the Language of Love (1994), is composed of one hundred chapters, each one based on one of the one hundred words in the Standard Word Association Test, which was used to measure sanity. There are chapters titled "Table," "Slow," "Cabbage," and "Scissors." In her second novel, Our Lady of the Lost and Found (2001), the narrator is visited by the Virgin Mary, and the two women spend one week cooking, cleaning, and shopping.
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Doug Gilmour
Douglas Robert Gilmour (born June 25, 1963) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who is the current general manager of the Kingston Frontenacs of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). During his National Hockey League career, Gilmour played for 7 NHL clubs: the St. Louis Blues, Calgary Flames, Toronto Maple Leafs, New Jersey Devils, Chicago Blackhawks, Buffalo Sabres and Montreal Canadiens, serving as captain for Calgary, Toronto and Chicago. Gilmour won a Stanley Cup with the Flames in 1989, and the Frank J. Selke Trophy as the NHL's best defensive forward while with the Maple Leafs in 1993. He has been dubbed "Killer" for his physical play despite his small stature. Gilmour was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the class of 2011.
Gilmour grew up playing minor hockey in his hometown of Kingston, Ontario playing rep for the Kingston Legionnaires program of the OMHA's Eastern Ontario Minor Hockey League. In 1979–80, Gilmour spent time with the local Kingston Voyageurs Jr.B. team before being signed by Floyd Crawford to play for the OHA Jr.A. Belleville Bobcats for their playoff run.
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Edgar Benson
Edgar John Benson PC FCA (May 28, 1923 – September 2, 2011) was a Canadian politician, businessman, diplomat, and university professor. He held three different Cabinet posts. He was married to an Ottawa lawyer, Mary Jane Binks.
Benson was a chartered accountant by profession, and co-owner of a local radio station. Prior to his entry into politics, and while practising his CA profession, he was a lecturer in Business Administration at Queen's University, his alma mater, in the capacity of Assistant Professor of Commerce.
He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the 1962 general election as the Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) for Kingston, Ontario. He entered the Cabinet of Prime Minister Lester Pearson in 1964 as Minister of National Revenue, and served concurrently, from 1966 to 1968, as President of the Treasury Board.
He was an early supporter of Pierre Trudeau in the 1968 Liberal leadership campaign to replace the retiring Pearson, and advised Trudeau. Benson was Minister of Finance under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1968 to 1972. He was the last finance minister in over twenty years to introduce a balanced budget. His 1969 budget introduced a capital gains tax that was severely criticized by the business community, particularly Israel Asper who wrote a book called The Benson Iceberg condemning the measure. In his final budget he introduced a tax deduction for child care as a means of helping mothers enter the workforce.
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First Nation
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The total population is nearly 700,000 people. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and persons with physical or mental disabilities. They are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada.
The term First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the indigenous peoples of the Americas located in what is now Canada, except for the Arctic-situated Inuit, and peoples of mixed European-First Nations ancestry called Métis. The singular, commonly used on culturally politicized reserves, is the term First Nations person (when gender-specific, First Nations man or First Nations woman). A more recent trend is for members of various nations to refer to themselves by their tribal or national identity only, e.g., "I'm Haida," or "We're Kwantlens," in recognition of the distinctiveness of First Nations ethnicities.
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First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognized First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The total population is nearly 700,000 people. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a "designated group", along with women, visible minorities, and persons with physical or mental disabilities. They are not defined as a visible minority under the Act or by the criteria of Statistics Canada.
The term First Nations (most often used in the plural) has come into general use for the indigenous peoples of the Americas located in what is now Canada, except for the Arctic-situated Inuit, and peoples of mixed European-First Nations ancestry called Métis. The singular, commonly used on culturally politicized reserves, is the term First Nations person (when gender-specific, First Nations man or First Nations woman). A more recent trend is for members of various nations to refer to themselves by their tribal or national identity only, e.g., "I'm Haida," or "We're Kwantlens," in recognition of the distinctiveness of First Nations ethnicities.
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First World War
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
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Fred O'Donnell
Frederick James O'Donnell (born December 6, 1949 in Kingston, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player, and a retired professional ice hockey coach. During his professional playing career, he played 115 games in the National Hockey League and 155 games in the World Hockey Association, mainly at left wing. He played for the Boston Bruins and the New England Whalers, respectively. He coached the Queen's University Golden Gaels hockey program for several seasons in the late 1970s and early 1980s, leading the team to the Ontario University Athletics title in 1981 (winning the Queen's Cup), and a berth in the national championship tournament that year in Calgary. He then coached the Kingston Canadians Major Junior hockey team for two seasons, from 1985-87. O'Donnell currently works in real estate in Kingston. He was inducted into the Kingston and District Sports Hall of Fame.
O'Donnell skated with the best - by: Neil Acharya (http://www.thehockeynews.com/articles/14402-Backchecking-ODonnell-skated-with-the-best.html)
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French people
The French (French: Français) are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups. Within France, the French are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence.
However, the word can also refer to people of French descent who are found in other countries, with significant French-speaking population groups or not, such as Argentina (French Argentines), Brazil (French Brazilians), French West Indies (the French Caribbean people), Canada (French Canadians) and the United States (French Americans), and some of them have a French cultural identity. The United Kingdom also has a large French population, mainly in England, and due to historic relations and immigration.
To be French, according to the first article of the Constitution, is to be a citizen of France, regardless of one's origin, race, or religion (sans distinction d'origine, de race ou de religion). According to its principles, France has devoted herself to the destiny of a proposition nation, a generic territory where people are bounded only by the French language and the assumed willingness to live together, as defined by Ernest Renan's "plébiscite de tous les jours" ("daily referendum" on the willingness to live together, in Renan's 1882 essay "Qu'est-ce qu'une nation?").
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Gary MacGregor
Gary MacGregor (born December 21, 1954 in Kingston, Ontario; died April 20, 1995 in Kingston) was an ice hockey player who played at forward. He had a spectacular final season of junior hockey with the Cornwall Royals in 1973-74, scoring 100 goals. He was drafted by both the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association in 1974, and chose the WHA. He had a superb rookie season in 1974-75 with the Chicago Cougars, averaging nearly a point per game. But his productivity dropped sharply for the remainder of his pro career. Over his career, he played professionally in the WHA with the Chicago Cougars, Denver Spurs, Ottawa Civics, Cleveland Crusaders, New England Whalers, Indianapolis Racers, and Edmonton Oilers. MacGregor also played in Europe. MacGregor died suddenly at age 40. He was inducted posthumously into the Kingston and District Sports Hall of Fame.
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Gord Sinclair
The Tragically Hip, often referred to simply as The Hip, is a Canadian rock band from Kingston, Ontario, consisting of Gordon Downie (lead vocals and guitar), Paul Langlois (guitar), Rob Baker (guitar, known as Bobby Baker until 1994), Gord Sinclair (bass) and Johnny Fay (drums). Since their formation in 1983 they have released 12 studio albums, two live albums, and 46 singles. Nine of their albums have reached #1 in Canada. They have received numerous Canadian Music awards, including 14 Juno Awards.
The Tragically Hip formed in 1983. Guitarist Paul Langlois joined in 1986; while saxophonist Davis Manning left that same year. They took their name from a skit in the Michael Nesmith movie Elephant Parts. In the mid 80s they performed in small music venues in Ontario until being discovered by MCA. They were then signed to a long-term record deal with MCA, and recorded the self-titled EP The Tragically Hip.
They followed up with 1989's Up to Here. This album produced four singles, "Blow at High Dough", "New Orleans Is Sinking", "Boots or Hearts." and "38 Years Old". All four of these songs became staples of modern rock radio play lists in Canada. Road Apples followed in 1991, producing three singles ("Little Bones," "Twist My Arm" and "Three Pistols") and reaching #1 on Canadian record charts. During the Road Apples tour, Downie became recognized for ranting and telling fictional stories during songs, such as "Highway Girl" and "New Orleans is Sinking".
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Grant Allen
Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen (February 24, 1848 – October 25, 1899) was a science writer, author and novelist, and a successful upholder of the theory of evolution.
He was born near Kingston, Ontario, Canada, the second son of Catharine Ann Grant and the Rev. Joseph Antisell Allen, a Protestant minister from Dublin, Ireland. His mother was a daughter of the fifth Baron of Longueuil. He was educated at home until, at age 13, he and his parents moved to the United States, then France and finally the United Kingdom. He was educated at King Edward's School in Birmingham and Merton College in Oxford, both in the United Kingdom. After graduation, Allen studied in France, taught at Brighton College in 1870-71 and in his mid-twenties became a professor at Queen's College, a black college in Jamaica.
Despite his religious father, Allen became an agnostic and a socialist. After leaving his professorship, in 1876 he returned to England, where he turned his talents to writing, gaining a reputation for his essays on science and for literary works. One of his early articles, 'Note-Deafness' (a description of what is now called amusia, published in 1878 in the learned journal Mind) is cited with approval in a recent book by Oliver Sacks.
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Gus Marker
Augustus Solberg Marker (August 1, 1907 - October 7, 1997) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League for the Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Maroons, Toronto Maple Leafs and Brooklyn Americans.
In 336 NHL games Marker scored 64 goals, 69 assists for 133 points in his career.
After retiring from professional hockey, Marker settled in Kingston, Ontario. He operated a building materials business, and helped develop a subdivision in the northern section of the city. He became a member of the Kiwanis Club in Kingston, and an enthusiastic booster of amateur sport in the region. Since 1980, the Kiwanis Club of Kingston has presented awards, including the Gus Marker Trophy, to honour outstanding amateur athletes in the city and district. Past winners of the Gus Marker Trophy have included boxer Mark Leduc (1992), hockey players Alyn McCauley (1996) and Jayna Hefford (1997), golfer Matt McQuillan (1999), and triathlete Simon Whitfield (2000).
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Harry Sinden
Harry James Sinden (born September 14, 1932 in Kingston, Ontario) was the long-time general manager, coach, and president for the Boston Bruins NHL hockey team, and was the coach of Team Canada during the 1972 Summit Series. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame in the builders category.
Sinden played defence for the Toronto Marlboro bantams before moving up to the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey Association for junior hockey. He played in Oshawa from 1949 to 1953 and then played six seasons in the OHA senior division with the Whitby Dunlops. Sinden was team captain when the Dunlops won the Allan Cup in 1957. The Dunlops with Sinden then went on to win the 1958 World Hockey Championship for Canada in Oslo, Norway. Sinden also won a silver medal as a member of the Canadian national men's hockey team at the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California. The core of the team was the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen, with Sinden one of four players from the Dunlops added to the lineup to strengthen the team for the Olympics.
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Helen Humphreys
Helen Humphreys (born 13 June 1961) is a Canadian poet and novelist who has written several books. She was born in London, England, and now lives in Kingston, Ontario. When she was younger she was kicked out of high school and had to attend an alternative school to finish her education. Humphreys' first novel, Leaving Earth, and was a New York Times Notable Book in 1998 a winner of the City of Toronto Book Award.
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Hugh Dillon
Hugh Dillon (born May 31, 1963 in Kingston, Ontario) is a Canadian musician and actor.
Dillon was the lead singer for the Kingston hard rock band The Headstones from 1987 until 2003. The Headstones became one of the most commercially successful Canadian bands of the 1990s.[citation needed]
After The Headstones broke up in 2003, Dillon formed the band Hugh Dillon Redemption Choir, an indie rock band whose style draws from country, pop, punk and New Wave influences. They released The High Co$t of Low Living in 2005. Hugh has released a solo album entitled, Works Well with Others, and it came out on October 13, 2009.
Dillon was the record producer for an album by Canadian rockers The Rubbers, and he has scored and written compositions for various television productions.
Dillon landed his first big screen part in director Bruce McDonald's Dance Me Outside (1995). Next came his critically acclaimed lead performance as Joe Dick in McDonald's 1996 feature film, Hard Core Logo. The film caught the eye of filmmaker Quentin Tarantino, and his company, Rolling Thunder Pictures, distributed the movie, bringing international attention to the film.
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Hugh Segal
Hugh Segal, CM (born October 13, 1950) is a Canadian senator, political strategist, author, and commentator. Segal is credited with helping Stephen Harper become Prime Minister by moderating his image.
Segal finished second to Joe Clark in the 1998 Progressive Conservative leadership election. He had also briefly considered running for the leadership in 1993.
Segal's political career dates back decades. He was inspired by a visit by Prime Minister John Diefenbaker to his Montreal High School the early 1960s. Segal is a graduate of the University of Ottawa. He was an aide to federal Progressive Conservative Leader of the Opposition Robert Stanfield in the early 1970s, while still a university student. At age 21, he was an unsuccessful candidate in Ottawa Centre for the Canadian House of Commons in the 1972 general election. He was defeated again in 1974.
As a member of the Big Blue Machine, Segal was a senior aide to Ontario Progressive Conservative Premier Bill Davis in the 1970s and 1980s and was named Deputy Minister at age 29. From 1992 to 1993 he was Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney.
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Irish people
The Irish people (Irish: Muintir na hÉireann or na hÉireannaigh; Ulster-Scots: Airisch or Airish fowk) are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years (according to archaeological studies, see Prehistoric Ireland). The Irish people's earliest ancestors are recorded in legends – they are claimed to be descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha Dé Danann and the Milesians.Lebor Gabála Érenn, a book of Irish mythology tells that Tuatha Dé Dananns were Scythian descendants.
The main groups that interacted with the Irish in the Middle Ages include the Picts, Scots, and the Vikings. Due to this contact, Icelanders are noted for having some Irish descent. The Anglo-Norman invasion of the High Middle Ages, the English plantations and the subsequent English rule of the country introduced the Normans and Flemish into Ireland. Welsh, Picts, Bretons, and small parties of Gauls and even Anglo-Saxons are known in Ireland from much earlier times.
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James "Flat" Walsh
James "Flat" Walsh (b. March 23, 1897 in Kingston, Ontario - d. December 2, 1959) was a goaltender in the National Hockey League for the Montreal Maroons and New York Americans.
Walsh was one of the first back-up goaltenders in NHL history, as the Montreal Maroons kept him around as a spare for the great Clint Benedict in case of injury. He played one game in 1926–27 and one game in 1927–28. In 1928–29, Roy Worters was suspended by NHL president Frank Calder for not reporting to the Pittsburgh Pirates. Worters was sold to the New York Americans, but the Pirates failed to inform Calder of these arrangements and Calder, on his dignity, refused to lift Worters' suspension. As a result, the Americans borrowed Walsh for a few games and he did quite well. In 1929–30, with Clint Benedict getting his nose broken by a Howie Morenz shot, Walsh became the Maroons regular goaltender. The following year, James Strachan felt that Walsh could not handle the goaltending alone and Walsh shared the goaltending with Dave Kerr. In 1931–32, Walsh shared the goaltending chores with Normie Smith. Kerr was back to share the goaltending with Walsh in 1932–33, but Walsh came down with influenza which he suffered for a full two weeks and he decided to retire, which saddened Montreal fans, as he was popular with them.
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James Edwin Hawley
James Edwin (Ed) Hawley (September 27, 1897 – April 20, 1965) was an award winning Canadian geologist and distinguished Professor of Mineralogy at Queen's University.
Hawley was raised in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He earned both a Bachelor’s and a Master's degree from Queen’s University in 1918 and 1920, respectively. After completing his Masters, Hawley spent three years working in petroleum geology in Alberta, Ecuador, Burma and India. In 1926, he earned his PhD at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He stayed there for three years as an Assistant Professor.
In 1929, Hawley returned to Queen's as Professor and Head of the Department of Mineralogy. His earliest papers in 1929 and 1930, based on research on the generation of oil in rocks by shearing pressures, are classics in the field of petroleum geology. In 1948, he established the school's Spectrographic lab. He held that position until the Mineralogy and Geology Department were combined in 1950. At that time he was made Head of the newly created, Geological Sciences Department. He held that position until 1962. Students familiar with Mohs’ Hardness Scale referred to him as "Number 11" because the mineral, Hawleyite, was named after him.
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James T. Sutherland
James Thomas Sutherland (10 October 1870 in Kingston, Ontario, Canada – September 30, 1955 in Kingston) was a Canadian ice hockey player, coach, administrator, and developer. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame.
Often referred to as the “Father of Hockey”, Sutherland was an ardent supporter of the game who worked diligently on its behalf. He made his hometown of Kingston a famous ice hockey centre during the years prior to World War I. As coach of the Kingston Frontenacs junior team, Sutherland guided them to several championships. He served in Europe with the Canadian Army during World War I, reaching the rank of Captain. Sutherland first became connected with the Ontario Hockey Association as a district representative, and his drive and keen interest shot him up through executive ranks until he became president in 1915, holding the position until 1918. In 1919, Sutherland served as the President of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association. He was instrumental in the founding of the Memorial Cup in 1919; the tournament serves as the championship of the Canadian Hockey League. He also helped establish the annual exhibition match between the Royal Military College of Canada and West Point in 1923. Sutherland was the driving force behind the creation of the International Hockey Hall of Fame in 1943, and a major reason why the National Hockey League and the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association selected Kingston as its original home. On September 30, 1955, Sutherland died. The IHHoF took his honour one step further by naming one of the display halls after him. Sutherland was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in December 1947.
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Jay McClement
Jay McClement (born March 2, 1983) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre who currently plays for the Colorado Avalanche in the National Hockey League.
McClement was drafted by the St. Louis Blues in the 2nd round, 57th overall, of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft from the Brampton Battalion of the Ontario Hockey League.
He was a member of the 2007 Canadian IIHF World Championship team that won gold in a 4–2 win against Finland in Moscow. He owns a cottage on Howe Island on the St. Lawrence River where he spends the summer.
On May 26, 2009, McClement was re-signed to a three-year contract with the Blues.
In the 2010–11 season, on October 30, 2010, McClement scored his first NHL hat trick in a 4-3 shoot-out victory against the Atlanta Thrashers. On February 19, 2011, he was traded by the Blues to the Colorado Avalanche along with Erik Johnson and a conditional first round pick in exchange for Chris Stewart, Kevin Shattenkirk and a conditional second round pick. Later that day McClement made his Avalanche debut at the HP Pavilion at San Jose in a 4-0 defeat to the San Jose Sharks.
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Jay McKee
Jay McKee (born September 8, 1977) is an ice hockey defenceman who is currently serving as an assistant coach for the Rochester Americans. He last played for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League, and was previously with the Buffalo Sabres and the St. Louis Blues. Throughout his career he has been noted among the NHL's best shot-blockers.
McKee was drafted in the first round, 14th overall, of the 1995 NHL Entry Draft by the Buffalo Sabres. McKee played his junior hockey with the Niagara Falls Thunder, where he was an OHL second team all-star in 1996.
McKee parlayed his solid junior career into a steady pro career, becoming one of the Sabres top defenceman in his 9 years with the club. McKee played in 582 regular season games with the Sabres, amassing 98 points and 470 penalty minutes. During the 2005–06 NHL season with the Buffalo Sabres he served as an alternate captain under co-captains Danny Briere and Chris Drury.
McKee was part of the Sabres' Eastern Conference Championship run in 1999 (before losing to the Dallas Stars in the Stanley Cup Finals). McKee was injured during the Sabres's two subsequent playoff runs. In 2001, he missed the team's final five games of the playoffs after a vicious collision with the Pittsburgh Penguins's Mario Lemieux during game 2 of the Eastern Conference Semifinals, and in 2006 McKee missed the deciding seventh game of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Carolina Hurricanes when he was sidelined with a severe infection in his leg, reportedly caused by a cut or bruise that McKee sustained blocking a shot in an earlier round of the playoffs. All totaled, McKee appeared in 51 playoff games with the Sabres, recording 9 points and 60 penalty minutes.
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Jayna Hefford
Jayna Hefford (born May 14, 1977) is a women's ice hockey player. Hefford played forward for the Canadian women's team at the Winter Olympics in 1998, 2002, 2006 and 2010. Her goal in the gold medal game at the 2002 Winter Olympics was the gold medal winning goal.
She play also for Brampton Thunder in Canadian Women's Hockey League.
At the 1994 national under-18 championship, Hefford was part of the gold medal winning Ontario team. In 1995, Hefford participated with the Ottawa Regional Select Team in a series against the U.S. National Under-18 Team. Hefford was the captain of Team Ontario at the 1995 Canada Winter Games.
Hefford played for the Toronto Lady Blues women's ice hockey program, which represented the University of Toronto. In the 1997 OWIAA semifinal, Hefford was part of the Lady Blues squad which defeated the Guelph Gryphons by a 4-1 tally. In that game, Hefford accumulated three helpers. In the 1997 OWIAA gold medal game, scored 23 seconds into overtime and she believed that the goal clinched the gold medal for the Lady Blues. A little-known rule denied Hefford and her teammates the Blues second consecutive title. OWIAA league rules indicated that the first five-minute overtime session in a playoff game must be played in its entirety (as a regular period). It was advised that the game would continue after Hefford's goal and York won the game in the second overtime. Hefford joined former University of Toronto student-athlete Heather Moyse as the only University of Toronto graduates to claim a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games.
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Jim Dorey
Jim Dorey (born August 17, 1947 in Kingston, Ontario) is a retired former professional ice hockey player who played over 650 professional games in the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association.
Dorey was a defenceman who played for the Toronto Maple Leafs and New York Rangers in the NHL. He also had a long career in the WHA playing for New England Whalers, Toronto Toros and Quebec Nordiques and played on two Avco World Trophy winning teams.
Dorey’s NHL debut was a noteworthy one. On October 16, 1968 playing for the Toronto Maple Leafs against the Pittsburgh Penguins he was to set, what was at the time, the NHL single-game record of 48 penalty minutes. His rugged, aggressive style was to cement him as a Leaf mainstay for the next four seasons. Coveted by the New York Rangers he was traded to New York for Pierre Jarry in 1971 because Leaf management suspected he might be about to jump to the fledgling WHA. Dorey played just one game with the Rangers before suffering a separated shoulder. This was to be his last NHL game as that summer he signed with the WHA’s New England Whalers. Dorey went on to be a WHA star for the entire seven seasons of the league’s existence.
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John Gerretsen
John Philip Gerretsen (born June 9, 1942) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and a Minister in the Cabinet of Premier Dalton McGuinty.
Gerretsen was born in Hilversum, Netherlands during World War II, and moved to Canada with his parents in 1954. He was educated at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, receiving a BA degree in 1964 and an LL.B in 1967. He subsequently worked as a solicitor, serving with Manulife Insurance Company, Toronto from 1969 to 1970.
Gerretsen's political career began in the early 1970s, at the municipal level. He was elected as a Kingston Alderman in 1972, and remained on the City Council until 1980 (serving as Deputy Mayor from 1976 to 1980). Gerretsen was himself elected Mayor of the city in 1980, and was re-elected twice (a city record) before stepping down in 1988. He was also President of the Association of Municipalities of Ontario from 1986 to 1987, and a trustee of Queen's University from 1981 to 1992.
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Joseph Brant
Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (March 1743 – 24 November 1807) was a Mohawk military and political leader, based in present-day New York, who was closely associated with Great Britain during and after the American Revolution. He was perhaps the best-known American Indian of his generation. He met many of the most significant people of the age, including George Washington and King George III.
While not born into a hereditary leadership role within the Iroquois League, Brant rose to prominence due to his abilities and his connections to British officials. Through his sister, Molly Brant, he was associated with Sir William Johnson, the influential British Superintendent of Indian Affairs in the province of New York. During the American Revolutionary War, Brant led Mohawk and colonial Loyalists against the rebels in a bitter partisan war on the New York frontier. He was accused by the Americans of committing atrocities, charges that were later shown to be false. After the war, he relocated with most of his people to Canada to the Six Nations Reserve, where he remained a prominent leader.
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Keith Norton
Keith Calder Norton (January 26, 1941 – January 31, 2010) was a Canadian politician and public servant. He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1975 to 1985, and was until 2005 the chief commissioner of the Ontario Human Rights Commission.
Norton was educated at Queen's University in Kingston, and worked as a lawyer after his graduation. He was elected as an alderman in Kingston in 1972, and became the city's deputy mayor in 1974.
He was first elected to the Ontario legislature in the 1975 provincial election, defeating Liberal candidate Ken Keyes by 203 votes in Kingston and the Islands. He served as a backbencher supporting Bill Davis's government for the next two years, and was re-elected with an increased majority in the 1977 election.
Norton entered cabinet on February 3, 1977 as Minister of Community and Social Services, and held this portfolio throughout the parliament that followed. Re-elected without difficulty in the 1981 provincial election, he was appointed as Minister of the Environment on April 10, 1981. As environment minister, he became the first Canadian politician to speak before a committee of the United States Senate.
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Ken Linseman
Kenneth "The Rat" Linseman (born August 11, 1958) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre who played 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Edmonton Oilers, Boston Bruins and Toronto Maple Leafs. He also played one season in the World Hockey Association (WHA) for the Birmingham Bulls.
Linseman spent his entire junior career with the Kingston Canadians of the OMJHL from 1974 to 1977. He played in 187 games, scoring 286 points (133 goals-153 assists). He also added 33 points (16G-17A) in 25 playoff games. Linseman was drafted by the WHA's Birmingham Bulls in the 1977 WHA Amateur Draft, and spent the 1977–78 with the Bulls, getting 76 points (38G-38A) in 71 games, and adding 4 points (2G-2A) in five playoff games. He was then drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers as their first-round, 7th overall pick in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft.
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Ken Watkin
Brigadier General Kenneth "Ken" Watkin, OMM, CD, QC (born 1954) was Judge Advocate General (JAG) of the Canadian Forces from 2006 to 2010. He is an expert on military law.
He was promoted to Brigadier General and appointed JAG effective April 2006, for a four-year term. In that position he was the top legal advisor to Canada's Governor General, Defence Minister, and the Canadian Forces.
In June 2010, the Israeli government appointed Watkin to be one of two international observers serving on an Israeli commission of inquiry looking into the events surrounding an Israeli raid on the Mavi Marmara.
Watkin was born in Kingston, Ontario, a non-identical triplet, along with a brother (Kerry) and sister (Kathy); he also has an older brother (Robert). He and his siblings attended Loyalist Collegiate.
Watkin is a graduate of the Royal Military College of Canada (B.A., 1976) and Queen's University Law School in Kingston, Ontario, where he received Bachelor of Laws and Master of Laws degrees. From 2002 to 2003, Watkin was a Visiting Fellow at the Human Rights Program of Harvard Law School.
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King George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. He was concurrently Duke and prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg ("Hanover") in the Holy Roman Empire until his promotion to King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover, but unlike his two Hanoverian predecessors he was born in Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.
His life and reign, which were longer than those of any previous British monarch, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of its American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
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Kip Brennan
Kip Brennan (born August 27, 1980 in Kingston, Ontario) is a hockey enforcer who is currently playing with the Vityaz Chekhov in the Kontinental Hockey League. Previously, Brennan has played for the Los Angeles Kings, Atlanta Thrashers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and the New York Islanders in the National Hockey League.
Kip Brennan played in the OHL with the Windsor Spitfires and Sudbury Wolves from 1996–2001. He led the Wolves in penalty minutes for the 1999–2000 season with 228 regular season PIM and 67 playoff PIM. In 2001, he split time with the Lowell Lock Monsters, of the AHL, and the Sudbury Wolves, OHL. The 2001–2002 season would give Kip his first taste of the NHL. He skated in 4 games for the LA Kings and picked up 22 PIM. For the remainder of the season he played for the Manchester Monarchs, the AHL affiliate for the Los Angeles Kings. He led the team in PIM with 269.
In 2002–03 and 2003–04, he was back and forth between the Kings and Monarchs. Kip again lead the Monarchs with 198 PIM for the 2002–03 season. On December 27, 2003, the NHL suspended Brennan for 10 games without pay during a game against the San Jose Sharks. Brennan had returned to the ice after officials had ejected him for roughing an opponent. The suspension cost him about $25,000. He also played for the Atlanta Thrashers of the NHL for 5 games during the 2003–04 season. 2004–05, he played exclusively for the Chicago Wolves of the AHL, leading the team in PIM with 267 during the regular season and 105 PIM in the playoffs. 2005–06, he played for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, NHL, and the Portland Pirates, AHL.
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Kirk Muller
Kirk Christopher Muller (born February 8, 1966) is a retired professional ice hockey centre who played in the National Hockey League for 19 seasons from 1984–85 until 2002–03. He currently serves as the head coach of the Carolina Hurricanes.
Muller started his junior career with the Kingston Canadians of the Ontario Hockey League, but his most successful junior seasons were with the Guelph Platers. There was a dispute in 1984 between the Platers and the Canadian Olympic Team, who wanted Muller to play with them at the 1984 Winter Olympics. The Platers owner was upset over losing Muller for so much time, but eventually they came to an agreement and Muller played in the Olympics. He was drafted second overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft behind Mario Lemieux. "Captain Kirk" was the heart and soul of the Devils franchise, with his intensity and strong two-way play. However, New Jersey never became a serious Stanley Cup contender while Muller was with them, and he was traded along with Roland Melanson to the Montreal Canadiens for Stephane Richer and Tom Chorske on September 20, 1991.
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Leonard Birchall
Air Commodore Leonard Joseph Birchall, CM, OBE, DFC, O.Ont, CD (6 July 1915 - 10 September 2004) "The Saviour of Ceylon", was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) officer who warned of a Japanese attack on the island of Ceylon during the Second World War.
Birchall was born in St. Catharines, Ontario and graduated from St. Catharines Collegiate. He was always interested in flying, and worked odd jobs around St. Catharines to pay for flying lessons. In 1933 Birchall graduated from the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario, (student #2364).
After serving in the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals he joined the RCAF in 1937 to train as a pilot.
At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Flying Officer Leonard J. Birchall flew convoy and anti-submarine patrols from Nova Scotia flying with No. 5 Squadron. In early 1942, he joined 413 Squadron, then based in the Shetland Islands and flew patrols over the North Sea. After the Japanese successes in southeast Asia, the squadron was sent to Ceylon to provide a reconnaissance force.
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Lorne Ferguson
Lorne Ferguson (May 26, 1930 – March 28, 2008) was professional ice hockey left winger who played 422 games in the National Hockey League. Born in Palmerston, Ontario, he played for the Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, and Chicago Black Hawks.
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Marjan Mozetich
Marjan Mozetich (born 1948) is a Canadian composer. He was born in Italy to Slovenian parents and has lived in Canada since 1952. He is currently an Adjunct Lecturer in Composition at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario and has won several prestigious awards, including the first prize in the CAPAC (SOCAN)-Sir Ernest MacMillan Award. His major compositions include Fantasia... sul linguaggio pertuto, and Postcards from the Sky.
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Mark Gerretsen
Mark Gerretsen (born Kingston, Ontario 1975) is a Canadian politician, who was elected mayor of Kingston, Ontario in the 2010 municipal election.
Gerretsen is a graduate of Queen's University and St. Lawrence College. First elected to Kingston City Council in 2006, for a four-year term, he is the son of Kingston's former mayor and current MPP, John Gerretsen.
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Matt Cooke
Matthew David Cooke (born September 7, 1978) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). Cooke won the Stanley Cup with Pittsburgh during the 2008–09 NHL season. Cooke was member of the Team Canada at the 2004 World Championships which won the gold medal. He has also played in the NHL with the Vancouver Canucks and Washington Capitals.
Cooke's playing style of intentionally attempting to aggravate opponents has earned him the reputation of one of the NHL's "pests". During his NHL career Cooke has been suspended for several much criticized hits, some involving head-shots that injured opposing players, most notably Marc Savard in 2010. Cooke was an important factor influencing NHL rule changes intended to deter such conduct. After his longest suspension in 2011, Cooke has pledged to change is style of play. Although he is no longer a member of the Vancouver Canucks' organization, he is still active in the Vancouver community with his wife as they run The Cooke Family Foundation of Hope.
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Matt Kirk
Matt Kirk (born on June 30, 1981) is a Canadian football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Ottawa Renegades in the 2004 CFL Draft. He played CIS Football at Queen's.
Kirk has also played for the BC Lions.
Kirk was born in Kingston, Ontario and was an active and talented athlete, playing hockey, rugby, and track and field. His hockey career included being drafted in the 11th round of the 1997 OHL Draft by the Peterborough Petes. His focus would soon change to football though, where he won 2 high school football championships at La Salle Secondary School both during his Jr Seasons.
Kirk, also known by many as BGK, attended Queen's University studying Sociology/Health and played football for the Queen's Golden Gaels from 2001 to 2004. He started every game at defensive end in 2001 and had 2 sacks. In 2002, Kirk started every game at defensive end. On September 7, 2002, he had 1 sack for a 6 yard loss. In playoff action against the Western Mustangs he had 8 solo tackles. He also recorded Queen's only sack of the Yates Cup game. In 2003, he switched to the defensive tackle position and was named an OUA First Team All-Star. He also earned Canadian Interuniversity Sport Second Team All-Canadian honours and won the J. P. Metras Trophy as the CIS lineman of the year. In 2004, he repeated as an OUA First Team All-Star.
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Matt McQuillan
Matt McQuillan (born 19 June 1981) is a Canadian professional golfer. He has played on the Canadian Professional Golf Tour for several seasons, since 2003, and won one tournament there. McQuillan earned 2011 playing privileges on the PGA Tour with a strong performance in stage three of Q-School, on his first attempt at the finals. His best PGA Tour finish so far is a tie for third in the 2011 John Deere Classic.
Matthew Justin McQuillan was born in Kingston, Ontario. His father Mark and mother Donna are members at the Garrison Golf and Curling Club in Kingston, and introduced Matt to golf there in 1991. Father Mark is a single-figure handicap player, and coached son Matt for a few years. Matt received instruction at Garrison, first in the club's junior program from pro shop manager John Holland, and then privately from assistant professional Kevin Dickey (a former Canadian Tour player), and improved rapidly.
McQuillan won the Garrison Men's Open and the Garrison Men's Club Championship in 1996 at age 15, becoming the youngest-ever winner of both events. He won the Club Championship again in 1998 (by 11 shots) and 1999 (by 20 shots, with a record score of 278, ten under par). He eventually won the Garrison Open half-a-dozen times. In 2002 he set the competitive course record at Garrison with a score of 9-under-par 63.
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Merilyn Simonds
Merilyn Simonds (born 1949 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian writer.
Merilyn Simonds spent her childhood in Brazil, and returned to Canada as a teenager, where she was educated at the University of Western Ontario. She subsequently worked as a freelance writer, and was an editor of Harrowsmith.
Her most famous book is The Convict Lover, published in 1996. That book, a finalist for the 1996 Governor General's Awards, resulted when Simonds found a cache of romantic letters in her attic, written by a prison inmate to a woman who formerly occupied Simonds' house. With only half the story available to her, Simonds published the letters interspersed with her own historical research and speculation about the woman and her romance with a prisoner.
In 1991, Simonds also co-wrote, with Merrily Weisbord, the book accompaniment to the controversial CBC Television documentary The Valour and the Horror.
Simonds also frequently publishes lifestyle and nature journalism for magazines such as Canadian Geographic, Saturday Night and Equinox. She published her first novel, The Holding, in 2004. From September to December 2006 she served as the Writer in Residence at Green College, University of British Columbia.
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Michael Andre
Michael Andre (born August 31, 1946) is a Canadian, disc jockey, poet, critic and editor living in New York City.
Andre was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to a civil engineer doing wartime work on a military hospital. His mother's father was a newspaperman, Eyton Warburton; he died when Andre was an infant. Andre was raised in Kingston, Ontario. He studied at McGill University (Honors English, B.A., 1968), the University of Chicago (M.A., 1969) and Columbia University (Ph.D., English and Comparative Literature, 1973).
Andre hosted radio shows in Chicago and New York. He interviewed, published, and occasionally socialized with W. H. Auden and Eugene McCarthy, Beats like Gregory Corso, William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, and homosexual esthetes like John Cage and Andy Warhol.[citation needed] He is divorced from Erika Rothenberg, an artist, and Jane Adler, a flautist and sign-language interpreter; he has a son, Benjamin Eyton Andre.[citation needed] Papers may be found at the University of Tulsa and at Yale University.[citation needed]
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Michael Crummey
Michael Crummey (born November 18, 1965) is a Canadian poet and writer.
Born in Buchans, Newfoundland and Labrador, Crummey grew up there and in Wabush, Labrador, where he moved with his family in the late 1970s. He began to write poetry while studying at Memorial University in St. John's, where he received a B.A. in English in 1987. He completed a M.A. at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, in 1988, then dropped out of the Ph.D. program to pursue his writing career. Crummey returned to St. John's in 2001.
Since first winning Memorial University's Gregory J. Power Poetry Contest in 1986, Crummey has continued to receive accolades for his poetry and prose. In 1994, he became the first winner of the Bronwen Wallace Memorial Award for young unpublished writers, and his first volume of poetry, Arguments with Gravity (1996), won the Writer's Alliance of Newfoundland and Labrador Book Award for Poetry. Hard Light (1998), his second collection, was nominated for the Milton Acorn People's Poetry Award in 1999. 1998 also saw the publication of a collection of short stories, Flesh and Blood, and Crummey's nomination for the Journey Prize.
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Michael Giffin
Michael Giffin (born January 24, 1984 in Kingston, Ontario) is a retired professional Canadian football running back who most recently played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. He was signed as a free agent by the Alouettes, originally late in 2008. He played his CIS football for the Queen's Golden Gaels. While at Queen's University, he was chosen a first-team All-Canadian in 2008 and 2009, and became the first Queen's player to rush for more than 1,000 yards in a single season in school history. Giffin finished his Queen's career as the school's all-time leading rusher.
On May 10, 2012, he was released by the Alouettes and announced his retirement.
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Michael Ondaatje
Philip Michael Ondaatje ( /ɒnˈdɑːtʃiː/; born September 12, 1943), OC, is a Sri Lankan-born Canadian novelist. He won the Booker Prize for his novel The English Patient, which was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film.
Ondaatje was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) in 1943 and moved to England in 1954. He attended Dulwich College. After relocating to Canada in 1962, Ondaatje became a Canadian citizen. He studied for a time at Bishop's College School and Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec, but moved to Toronto, where he received his BA from the University of Toronto and his MA from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. He then began teaching at the University of Western Ontario in London. In 1970, he settled in Toronto and, from 1971 to 1990, taught English literature at York University and Glendon College.
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Mike Gillis
Michael David Gillis (born December 1, 1958 in Sudbury, Ontario) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player and current president and general manager of the Vancouver Canucks.
Mike Gillis spent his junior hockey career with the Kingston Canadians of the OMJHL from 1975–1978, playing in 111 games, and scoring 132 points (39 goals-93 assists). He added on 18 points (4G-14A) in 12 playoff games. Gillis missed most of the 1976–77 season due to a leg injury. He was drafted in the 1st round, 5th overall by the Colorado Rockies in the 1978 NHL Entry Draft.
In 1978-79, Gillis played 2 games with the Philadelphia Firebirds of the AHL, getting no points, and spent 30 games with the Rockies, getting 8 points (1G-7A). He split the 1979–80 season with the Rockies, getting 9 points (4G-5A) in 40 games, and the Fort Worth Texans of the CHL, with 22 points (9G-13A) in 29 games. Gillis started the 1980–81 season with Colorado, and had 18 points (11G-7A) in 51 games before being sent to the Boston Bruins for Bob Miller. Gillis then had 6 points (2G-4A) in 17 games, for a total of 24 points (13G-11A), which would be his career high. Gillis also appeared in a playoff game, going pointless.
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Molly Brant
Molly Brant (c.1736 – April 16, 1796), also known as Mary Brant, Konwatsi'tsiaienni, and Degonwadonti, was a prominent Mohawk woman in the era of the American Revolution. Living in the Province of New York, she was the consort of Sir William Johnson, the influential British Superintendent of Indian Affairs, with whom she had eight children. Joseph Brant, who became an important Mohawk leader, was her younger brother.
After Johnson's death in 1774, Brant and her children returned to her native village of Canajoharie on the Mohawk River. A Loyalist during the American Revolutionary War, she fled to British Canada, where she worked as an intermediary between British officials and the Iroquois. After the war, she settled in what is now Kingston, Ontario. In recognition of her service to the Crown, the British government gave Brant a pension and compensated her for her wartime losses.
Since 1994, Brant has been honored as a Person of National Historic Significance in Canada. She was long ignored or disparaged by historians of the United States, but scholarly interest in her increased in the late 20th century. She has sometimes been controversial, criticized for being pro-British at the expense of the Iroquois. A devout Anglican, she is commemorated on April 16 in the calendar of the Anglican Church of Canada. No portraits of her are known to exist; an idealized likeness is featured on a statue in Kingston and on a Canadian stamp issued in 1986.
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Oamo Culbreath
Oamo Culbreath (born October 26, 1987 in Kingston, Ontario) is a professional Canadian football offensive lineman who is currently a free agent. He most recently played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted 46th overall by the Stampeders in the 2010 CFL Draft and signed a contract with the team on May 27, 2010. He played college football for the UBC Thunderbirds.
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Patricia Rozema
Patricia Rozema (born August 20, 1958) is a Canadian film director and screenwriter.
Rozema was born in Kingston, Ontario and raised in Sarnia, Ontario. Her parents, Jacoba Berandina (née Vos) and Jan Rozema, were Dutch Calvinists. Television was severely restricted and she didn’t go to a movie theatre until she was 16 years old. Rozema studied philosophy and English literature at Calvin College in Michigan. After a brief stint as a print and then television journalist (CBC Television’s The Journal), she directed her first feature, I've Heard the Mermaids Singing, a serious comedy about a socially inept Girl Friday (Sheila McCarthy as Polly), which made one of the most outstanding feature debuts in the history of Canadian cinema. At the 1987 Cannes Film Festival, I’ve Heard the Mermaids Singing won the Prix de la Jeunesse. That same year, it was voted one of Canada’s ten best films ever as polled by 100 international critics.[citation needed]
Rozema also directed the Six Gestures (part of the Yo-Yo Ma Inspired by Bach television series), which combined images of Yo-Yo Ma performing with skating sequences by Jane Torvill and Christopher Dean, interwoven with J.S. Bach's first-person narrative. Six Gestures was nominated for a Grammy[citation needed] and was awarded a Prime Time Emmy[citation needed], the top award in North American television, for Outstanding Classical Music-Dance Program, as well as a Golden Rose, the top television award in Europe (1998).[citation needed]
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Rick Paterson
David Rick Paterson (born February 10, 1958 in Kingston, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 430 games in the National Hockey League. He played with the Chicago Black Hawks from 1978 through 1987. After leaving Chicago, he worked as Assistant Coach with the Pittsburgh Penguins from 1988 through 1993, winning two Stanley Cups in 1991 and 1992. He was named interim coach for the Tampa Bay Lightning in 1997. The team went 0–8–0 under Paterson. He was later named chief professional scout for the Tampa Bay Lightning before their 2002–2003 season and won a Stanley Cup with that club in 2004. He currently works as the director of pro scouting for the Anaheim Ducks, who won the Stanley Cup in 2007. Was named Anaheim Ducks Director of Player Personnel in June 2009.
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Rob Davison
Rob Davison (born May 1, 1980) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for EC Red Bull Salzburg in the Erste Bank Hockey League.
Davison began his junior career in the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League, for the St. Michael's Buzzers in 1996-97. The following year, he joined the North Bay Centennials of the major junior Ontario Hockey League. After posting 11 points in 59 games, he was drafted by the San Jose Sharks in the fourth round, 98th overall, in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. Davison returned to North Bay for another two seasons before making his professional debut with the Sharks' minor league affiliate, the Kentucky Thoroughblades of the American Hockey League in 2000–01.
The following season, the Thoroughblades relocated from Kentucky and became the Cleveland Barons. Davison scored his first professional goal that season, in 2001–02.
In 2002–03, following the trade of defenceman Bryan Marchment, Davison was called up from Cleveland and made his NHL debut with the Sharks. In his third game, he scored his first NHL goal against Martin Gerber in a 3-2 overtime loss to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. Davison finished the season with 3 points in 15 games with San Jose.
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Robert A. Mundell
Robert Mundell, CC (born October 24, 1932) is a Nobel Prize-winning Canadian economist. Currently, Mundell is a professor of economics at Columbia University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
He received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1999 for his pioneering work in monetary dynamics and optimum currency areas. Mundell laid the groundwork for the introduction of the euro through this work and helped to start the movement known as supply-side economics. Mundell is also known for the Mundell–Fleming model and Mundell–Tobin effect.
Mundell was born in Kingston, Ontario, Canada and is a graduate of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. He earned his MA at the University of Washington in Seattle. After studying at the University of British Colombia and at The London School of Economics in 1956, He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he obtained his PhD in Economics in 1956. In 2006 Mundell earned a Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Waterloo in Canada. He was Professor of Economics and Editor of the Journal of Political Economy at the University of Chicago from 1965 to 1972, Chairman of the Department of Economics at the University of Waterloo 1972 to 1974 and since 1974 he was Professor of Economics at Columbia University. He also held the post of Repap Professor of Economics at McGill University.
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Robertson Davies
William Robertson Davies, CC, OOnt, FRSC, FRSL (August 28, 1913 – December 2, 1995) was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor. He was one of Canada's best-known and most popular authors, and one of its most distinguished "men of letters", a term Davies is variously said to have gladly accepted for himself and to have detested. Davies was the founding Master of Massey College, a graduate residential college associated with the University of Toronto.
Robertson Davies was born in Renfrew, Ontario. Growing up, Davies was surrounded by books and language. His father, Senator William Rupert Davies, was a newspaperman, and both parents were voracious readers. He, in turn, read everything he could. He also participated in theatrical productions as a child, when he developed a lifelong interest in drama.
He attended Upper Canada College in Toronto from 1926 to 1932 and while there attended services at the Church of St. Mary Magdalene. He would later leave the Presbyterian Church and convert to Anglicanism over objections to Calvinist theology. Davies later used his experience of the ceremonial of High Mass at St Mary Magdalene's in his novel The Cunning Man.
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Ryan Malcolm
Ryan Michael Malcolm (born October 13, 1979 in Kingston, Ontario) is a Canadian singer best known as the winner of the first season of Canadian Idol.
In 2006, after releasing his debut solo album Home in 2003, Malcolm formed a new alternative rock band, Low Level Flight.
Ryan grew up in Amherstview, a small town just west of Kingston. The son of John and Sharron Malcolm, Ryan had two older siblings, Kim and Sean. At the age of nine, Ryan's parents were divorced and then John re-married. His wife Deborah had three children, and Ryan had three new step-siblings, Jordan, Reagan, and Grayson. Throughout the 1990s, Ryan's father owned and operated many restaurants, where Ryan worked as a waiter, setting up his nickname on idol as "waiter boy", in reference to the pop singer Avril Lavigne's song "Sk8er Boi". Both Malcolm and Lavigne attended the same high school in Napanee. Ryan had his musical debut singing at guest appearance with his Dad John, who had a solo vocal act. When John and his step-mom Deb opened their restaurant in Napanee, Ryan, 13 at the time, started singing regularly with his Dad. Later brother Reagan joined the act, and the band "A Bit of Nostalgia" was born.
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Sarah Harmer
Sarah Harmer (born November 12, 1970) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and activist.
Born and raised in Burlington, Ontario, Harmer gained her first exposure to the musician's lifestyle as a teenager, when her older sister Mary started taking her to Tragically Hip concerts. At the age of 17, she was invited to join a Toronto band, The Saddletramps. For three years, she juggled The Saddletramps with her studies in philosophy and women's studies at Queen's University.
After leaving The Saddletramps, Harmer put together a band of her own with several Kingston, Ontario musicians, and settled on the name Weeping Tile. The band released its first independent cassette in 1994. Soon afterward, they signed to a major label, and the cassette was re-released in 1995 as an EP. The band quickly became a popular draw on the rock club circuit and on campus radio with their subsequent albums, but never broke through to the mainstream, and broke up in 1998 after being dropped from their label.
Also in 1998, Harmer recorded a set of pop standards as a Christmas gift for her father. After hearing it, her friends and family convinced her to release it as an album, and in 1999 she released it independently as Songs for Clem. Harmer quickly began working on another album, and in 2000, she released You Were Here.
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Scott Arniel
Scott William Arniel (born on September 17, 1962), is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and retired player. Most recently, he was the head coach of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League. In 2009, Arniel was named the American Hockey League coach of the year while with the Manitoba Moose. He played in the NHL, primarily with the Winnipeg Jets and Buffalo Sabres, and was inducted into the Kingston and District Sports Hall of Fame on May 2, 2008.
Arneil is the assistant coach of The Toronto Maple Leafs
After entering the major junior ranks with the Kingston Canadians of the Ontario Major Junior Hockey League (OMJHL) in 1978–79, Arniel switched to the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League the next season to join the Cornwall Royals. Arniel played a pivotal role in the club's 1981 Memorial Cup championship with a hat trick in an 8–2 win over the Kitchener Rangers on May 10, 1981.[citation needed]
That off-season, he was selected by the Winnipeg Jets 22nd overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft and immediately began playing for the team, making his NHL debut in 1981–82, appearing in 17 games. He was, however, returned to junior with the Royals, who had been realigned in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), later that season. The reassignment to junior gave Arniel the opportunity to play at the 1982 World Junior Championships, helping Team Canada to their first-ever gold medal at the tournament.
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Sean Avery
Sean Christopher Avery (born April 10, 1980) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He formerly played for the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings, Los Angeles Kings, Dallas Stars and New York Rangers. Prior to the NHL, Avery played for the Owen Sound Platers and the Kingston Frontenacs of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He has accumulated 90 goals and over 1,500 penalty minutes in 580 career NHL games.
He is well known for his agitating playing style and controversial behavior both on and off the ice.
Avery was not drafted but instead signed by the Red Wings as a free agent in 1999. He played one final season in junior before turning professional in 2000 in the American Hockey League (AHL). He broke into the NHL in the 2001–02 season, playing 36 games with the Red Wings. The Red Wings went on to win the Stanley Cup that season, but Avery did not play in the playoffs nor did he play the required 41 games to get his name engraved on the Cup.
Midway through the 2002–03 season, Avery was traded to the Los Angeles Kings in the trade for defenseman Mathieu Schneider. Avery finished the season with 15 points in 51 games. In 2008, Red Wings general manager Ken Holland said that one reason he unloaded Avery was because he seemed to lack respect for the game.
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Simon Whitfield
Simon St. Quentin Whitfield (born May 16, 1975) is an Olympic triathlon champion from Canada.
Whitfield has won 10 consecutive Canadian Triathlon Championships titles.
Whitfield was born in Kingston, Ontario. As a young boy he played soccer but at age 11 began triathlon, honing his early competitive skills in the Canadian Kids of Steel program. By age 15 he was pursuing triathlon on a serious competitive basis.
Whitfield lives in Victoria, British Columbia and maintains a second residence on Salt Spring Island, British Columbia. He is currently coached by Paulo Sousa, who has been referred to as "an evil genius".
Whitfield won a gold medal in the triathlon at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. He got up off the ground after he and 14 other riders crashed in the bike race portion of the event and worked his way back near the leaders. In the foot race, he cut down the field one at a time then put on a finishing kick to take the victory. His final time was 1:48:24.02, which still (as of 2008) stands as the fastest Olympic triathlon.[citation needed]
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Sir Oliver Mowat
Sir Oliver Mowat, GCMG PC QC (July 22, 1820 – 19 April 1903) was a Canadian politician, and the third Premier of Ontario from 1872 to 1896, making him the longest serving premier of that province and the 3rd longest in all of Canadian history. He is one of the Fathers of Confederation.
Mowat was born in Kingston, Ontario to John Mowat and Helen Levack.
Before entering politics, Mowat trained as a lawyer, and, on January 27, 1836, Mowat, not yet sixteen years old, articled in the law office of John A. Macdonald. He was called to the bar November 5, 1841. In 1846, he married Jane Ewart, a daughter of John Ewart of Toronto. In 1856 Mowat was appointed Queen's Counsel.
He first entered politics as an alderman of the City of Toronto in 1857. From there, he became a member of the Legislative Assembly for South Ontario.
As a youth, he had taken up arms with the royalists during the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837, which suggested a conservative inclination in politics. However, he did not trust the politics of Macdonald, George-Étienne Cartier, or the other leaders of the Conservative Party and instead joined the Reformers. As a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from 1858 to 1864, he was closely associated with George Brown and served as Provincial Secretary (1858) and Postmaster-General (1863–1864) in pre-Confederation government (the John Sandfield Macdonald administration) and was also an avid supporter of "representation by population". With Brown, he helped create what became the Ontario Liberal Party as well as the Liberal Party of Canada.
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Stanley Thompson
Stanley Thompson (September 18, 1893 – January 4, 1953) was a Canadian golf course architect. He was a co-founder of the American Society of Golf Course Architects.
Born in Toronto, he graduated from Malvern Collegiate Institute and attended the Ontario Agricultural College (now the University of Guelph) for one year. He served with the Canadian military in Europe during World War I; after the war ended, he visited many of the top courses in the British Isles. When he returned to Canada after the war he became a full-time golf course architect, going into business himself by 1923. In the 1920s there was a rapid expansion of golf and new courses were needed to accommodate the millions of new players, so Thompson and his peers were kept very busy.
He designed courses from 1912-1952, mostly in Canada, with a philosophy of preserving the natural lay and flow of the land. He got his start with George Cumming, longtime professional at the Toronto Golf Club, who had designed several Canadian courses around the turn of the 20th century.
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Steven Heighton
Steven Heighton (born August 14, 1961) is a Canadian novelist, short story writer and poet. He is the author of ten books, including two short story collections, three novels, and five poetry collections. His most recent novel, Every Lost Country, was published in 2010.
Heighton was born in Toronto, Ontario, and earned a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degree, at Queens University.
Heighton's most recent books are the novel Every Lost Country (May 2010) and the poetry collection Patient Frame (April 2010).
Heighton is also the author of the novel Afterlands (2006),which appeared in six countries. The book has recently been optioned for film. Steven Heighton's debut novel, The Shadow Boxer (2001), a story about a young poet-boxer and his struggles growing up, also appeared in five countries.
His work has been translated into ten languages and widely anthologised. His books have been nominated for the Governor General’s Award, the Trillium Award, the Journey Prize, a Pushcart Prize, and Britain’s W.H. Smith Award (best book of the year). He has received the Gerald Lampert Award, gold medals for fiction and for poetry in the National Magazine Awards, the Air Canada Award, and the 2002 Petra Kenney Prize. Flight Paths of the Emperor has been listed at Amazon.ca as one of the ten best Canadian short story collections.
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Syl Apps
Charles Joseph Sylvanus Apps, CM (January 18, 1915 – December 24, 1998) of Paris, Ontario, was a Canadian pole vaulter and professional hockey player for the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1936 to 1948 and a Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament in Ontario.
Apps was a strong athlete, 6 feet tall, weighing 185 pounds, and won the gold medal at the 1934 British Empire Games in the pole vault competition. Two years later he represented Canada at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin, Germany, where he placed sixth in the pole vault event. After watching him play football at McMaster University, Conn Smythe signed Apps to play hockey with the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Apps played centre position with the Toronto Maple Leafs for his entire professional hockey career. His jersey number was 10. He was the winner of the first Calder Trophy in 1937, and the 1942 Lady Byng Memorial Trophy. Apps served as the Maple Leafs captain during the first National Hockey League All-Star Game October 13, 1947, at Maple Leaf Gardens. He also played for an all-star team competing in Montreal on October 29, 1939, to raise money for Babe Siebert's family.
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Ted Hsu
Theodore "Ted" Hsu, MP ( /ˈʃuː/; Chinese: 徐正陶; born March 4, 1964) is a Canadian physicist and politician from Ontario, Canada. He is the Member of Parliament for the riding of Kingston and the Islands and sits in the Canadian House of Commons as the Liberal Party's Critic for Science and Technology.
Ted Hsu was born in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, in 1964 to James and Marjorie. When he was six months old the family moved to Kingston, Ontario where his father joined Queen’s University as a professor of chemical engineering. He has two younger brothers, Bob and Leon. Hsu is of Chinese descent and is fluent in the French and Mandarin languages. He graduated in 1980 from Loyalist Collegiate and Vocational Institute in Kingston, at age 16. Hsu was a talented chess player in his youth, eventually reaching Class A strength. In 1984, he graduated from Queen’s University with a B.Sc. Hons. in Physics, and then obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from Princeton University in 1989. He did post-doctoral research in Chalk River, Vancouver, and France.
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The Arrogant Worms
The Arrogant Worms are a Canadian musical comedy trio that parodies many musical genres. They are well known for their humorous on-stage banter in addition to their music.
The Arrogant Worms came together in 1991 to do a few spots on campus radio station CFRC in Kingston, Ontario, and quickly moved to doing spots on CBC Radio One. Since 1992 the troupe has released thirteen CDs. Their most recent album, Hindsight 20/20, is a greatest hits CD spanning their 20 year career and was released in November 2010. The Worms have toured in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia.
Each album consists mostly of independent tracks paying homage, always humorously, to different genres and topics. Two exceptions are the 1997 Live Bait and 2003 Semi-Conducted CDs, which are live albums, comprising collections of their best songs. Semi-Conducted is performed with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra.
Rock, folk, ballads, country, Celtic folk, and children's music all have been genres parodied by the Worms.
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The Mahones
The Mahones are an Irish born Canadian Irish punk band formed on St. Patrick's Day in 1990 in Kingston, who are widely believed to have pioneered the Irish Punk genre, having debuted several years prior to other modern Irish punk bands
The Mahones are an Irish-born, Canadian Irish-punk band, formed in 1990 by Dublin-born Finny McConnell, as a one-off band for a St. Patrick's Day party. Encouraged by a positive reception, McConnell decided to pursue the band full-time.
The Mahones have released ten albums to date (Draggin’ The Days, Rise Again, The Hellfire Club Sessions, Here Comes Lucky, Paint The Town Red - The Best Of, Live At The Horseshoe, Take No Prisoners, The Irish Punk Collection, Whiskey Devils - A Tribute To The Mahones and The Black Irish Album), and one very rare cassette (Clear The Way). The Black Irish Album, The Mahones’ critically acclaimed 7th studio album, was released along with a tribute album in 2011, featuring 20 international bands covering Mahones’ songs.
The Mahones’ music has appeared in several major films. Recently, their song “Paint The Town Red 2010” was featured in the climactic final fight scene of The Fighter, starring Mark Wahlberg, Christian Bale, and Amy Adams. The film went on to win two Academy Awards and several Golden Globes. The Mahones also co-wrote and recorded the title track for the Hollywood Pictures movie Celtic Pride, featuring Damon Wayans, Daniel Stern, and Dan Akroyd. Their song 100 Bucks was also featured in the movie Dog Park, featuring Natasha Henstridge, Luke Wilson, Janeane Garofalo, as well as Bruce McCulloch and Mark McKinney from Kids in the Hall. The Mahones’ song ‘A Little Bit of Love’ is in the new film Ecstasy, based on Irvine Welsh’s critically acclaimed book.
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Thomas Kirkpatrick
Thomas Kirkpatrick (December 25, 1805 – March 26, 1870) was a Canadian lawyer and political figure. He represented Frontenac in the 1st Canadian Parliament as a Conservative.
He was born at Coolmine House, Clonsilla, Co. Dublin in 1805, the son of Alexander Kirkpatrick (1749–1818), of Coolmine House and the ancestral seat of the Kirkpatricks, Drumcondra House, Co. Kildare. His mother, Marianne (1769–1835), was the daughter of George Sutton (1737–1800), Alderman and Sheriff of Dublin. He came to Upper Canada in 1823. He studied law with his wife's cousin, Christopher Alexander Hagerman, and was called to the bar in 1828. He practised law at Kingston where he was also customs collector. In 1838, he was elected as the first mayor of Kingston, but was later disqualified because he was not a resident at the time; in 1847, he was elected mayor again. In 1846, he was named Queen's Counsel.
He married Helen Fisher, one of the two daughters of Judge Alexander Fisher M.P., of Adolphustown, Ontario and his wife Henrietta McDowell, daughter of Colonel McDowell of Marysburgh, Prince Edward County, Ontario. His brother, Judge Stafford Kirkpatrick, married his wife's sister, Henrietta. He was the father of Sir George Airey Kirkpatrick, who was elected to the same seat in the House of Commons after his father's death and was named lieutenant-governor of Ontario in 1892. He died in Kingston in 1870 while still in office. Kirkpatrick is buried at Cataraqui Cemetery.
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Tony McKegney
Anthony Syiid McKegney (born February 15, 1958) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player, who played thirteen seasons in the National Hockey League from 1978–79 until 1990–91.
McKegney was drafted 32nd overall by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft.
McKegney was born in Montreal, but was adopted soon thereafter, and raised by a white family in Sarnia, Ontario. As a teenager he played Jr. 'B' hockey in Sarnia. He was following in the footsteps of his older brother Ian, who had been a star with the Sarnia Legionnaires before moving on to the pros. At age twenty, Tony McKegney signed a contract with the now defunct World Hockey Association’s (WHA) team in Birmingham, just to see the owner illegally renege on the deal after fans threatened to boycott the team for having added a black player to its roster. However, the WHA’s loss became the NHL’s gain, as McKegney would go on to score over 300 career goals, including 40 in the 1987-88 season. His total of 78 points in the same season would remain the highest ever recorded by a black player until Jarome Iginla’s breakout 2001-2002 campaign. He registered nine 20-goal seasons in a career that lasted over 900 games.
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Wally Elmer
Wallace "Wally" Elmer (January 1, 1898 – August 28, 1978) was a professional ice hockey player who played in the Western Canada Hockey League. He played with the Saskatoon Crescents and Victoria Cougars. He would win a Stanley Cup with the Cougars in 1925.
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Wayne Cashman
Wayne Cashman (born June 24, 1945) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player and a former NHL head coach.
Cashman played his junior hockey as a teammate of Bobby Orr's on the Oshawa Generals of the OHA. He played parts of three seasons in the minor leagues for the Oklahoma City Blazers and the Hershey Bears before making the Bruins' squad for good in 1969.
Cashman played his entire NHL career with the Boston Bruins (1964–65, 1967–83). His jersey number was #12.
Cashman was a hard-grinding left winger on the era's most formidable forward line with superstar centre Phil Esposito and right wing Ken Hodge His role was to get into the corners and battle for loose pucks, feeding them to Esposito or Hodge. Cashman was also a tenacious forechecker and he also served as an enforcer to protect Esposito and Bobby Orr.
Cashman was a member of Stanley Cup winning teams in 1970 and 1972, the latter where he scored twice in the deciding game six against the New York Rangers. He scored 20 goals a season eight times in his career, accomplishing this feat in four straight seasons with 100 or more penalty minutes. His best season was in 1974, when he scored 30 goals and 59 assists to finish fourth in the league in points, played in the All-Star Game, and was named to the NHL Second All-Star team.
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Beautiful Kingston - Ontario Summer 2011 Trip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Beautiful_Kingston_Ontario_Summer_2011_Trip
Shafia Honor killing, Kingston, Ontario
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- Duration: 21:14
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
The 16x9 documentary of how the Shafia murder trial unfolded and how they were finally caught!
http://wn.com/Shafia_Honor_killing,_Kingston,_Ontario
The 16x9 documentary of how the Shafia murder trial unfolded and how they were finally caught!
- published: 09 Feb 2012
- views: 4631
- author: Nadeem Chaudhry
Thousand Islands Cruise in Kingston - Ontario, Canada
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
The Thousand Islands Cruise is a popular attraction in Kingston, Ontario. Join Cruise Director, Ulysses Reeve, on a group tour through the islands. Want to plan your trip to Canada? Visit uscw.canada.travel Join us on Facebook and Twitter: www.facebook.com www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Thousand_Islands_Cruise_in_Kingston_Ontario,_Canada
The Thousand Islands Cruise is a popular attraction in Kingston, Ontario. Join Cruise Director, Ulysses Reeve, on a group tour through the islands. Want to plan your trip to Canada? Visit uscw.canada.travel Join us on Facebook and Twitter: www.facebook.com www.twitter.com
- published: 21 Dec 2009
- views: 16216
- author: canadiantourism
KINGSTON ONTARIO HOODS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Just some rundown and more dangerous areas of Kingston, Ontario. I know I missed alot but whatever.
http://wn.com/KINGSTON_ONTARIO_HOODS
Just some rundown and more dangerous areas of Kingston, Ontario. I know I missed alot but whatever.
- published: 03 Jul 2010
- views: 6564
- author: XBOX10THPRESTIGE
Kingston Ontario Winter Driving.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Driving in Kingston Ontario After Ice Storm
http://wn.com/Kingston_Ontario_Winter_Drivingmp4
Driving in Kingston Ontario After Ice Storm
- published: 16 Jan 2012
- views: 1753
- author: RickyFromKingston
Helping the homeless in Kingston, Ontario with Sacred Age :)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Literally got some stuff from home and walmart for this homeless man in Kingston, Ontario CANADA. In a town full of drunks, drugs and non conscious minds, I find at least I can do something, Maybe yall should too. Peace
http://wn.com/Helping_the_homeless_in_Kingston,_Ontario_with_Sacred_Age_
Literally got some stuff from home and walmart for this homeless man in Kingston, Ontario CANADA. In a town full of drunks, drugs and non conscious minds, I find at least I can do something, Maybe yall should too. Peace
- published: 14 Aug 2012
- views: 601
- author: SacredAge
Where it all Began - Kingston, Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Founded in 1673, and named Canada's first capitol in 1841 (yup that's right, our nation's first capitol was in Kingston, not Ottawa!), Kingston still retains some of that old-world charm but mixes it with a bustle of activity which makes it one of the greatest cities in Canada. Kingston is known for its historic properties, as reflected in the city's motto "where history and innovation thrive". The municipality has nearly 700 properties listed in the heritage register, 20 National Historic Sites and in 2007, the Rideau Canal, along with the fortifications at Kingston, was designated a World Heritage Site, one of only 15 such sites in Canada. All these places are responsible for the historic and architectural face of the city but it's the cities two universities, Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada (Canada's only military university), that give the place it's energy, enthusiasm and vigor! Queens University currently has an enrollment of more than 13000 undergraduate and 4000 graduate students, which means there is no shortage of nightlife in the city! But despite all this partying, Kingston still has the most PhD's per capita of any city in Canada. The city is also famous for its fresh-water sailing, and hosted the sailing events for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Since 1972, Kingston has hosted more than 40 World and Olympic sailing championships. And on another important sporting note Kingston lays claim to being the birthplace of ice hockey! Kingston ...
http://wn.com/Where_it_all_Began_Kingston,_Ontario
Founded in 1673, and named Canada's first capitol in 1841 (yup that's right, our nation's first capitol was in Kingston, not Ottawa!), Kingston still retains some of that old-world charm but mixes it with a bustle of activity which makes it one of the greatest cities in Canada. Kingston is known for its historic properties, as reflected in the city's motto "where history and innovation thrive". The municipality has nearly 700 properties listed in the heritage register, 20 National Historic Sites and in 2007, the Rideau Canal, along with the fortifications at Kingston, was designated a World Heritage Site, one of only 15 such sites in Canada. All these places are responsible for the historic and architectural face of the city but it's the cities two universities, Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada (Canada's only military university), that give the place it's energy, enthusiasm and vigor! Queens University currently has an enrollment of more than 13000 undergraduate and 4000 graduate students, which means there is no shortage of nightlife in the city! But despite all this partying, Kingston still has the most PhD's per capita of any city in Canada. The city is also famous for its fresh-water sailing, and hosted the sailing events for the 1976 Summer Olympics. Since 1972, Kingston has hosted more than 40 World and Olympic sailing championships. And on another important sporting note Kingston lays claim to being the birthplace of ice hockey! Kingston ...
- published: 28 Nov 2011
- views: 1377
- author: 2011gcat
Collins Bay - MTB Trails. Kingston Ontario Canada
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:12
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Collins Bay - MTB Trails. Kingston Ontario Canada Map; www.everytrail.com
http://wn.com/Collins_Bay_MTB_Trails_Kingston_Ontario_Canada
Collins Bay - MTB Trails. Kingston Ontario Canada Map; www.everytrail.com
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 152
- author: Sean Hickman
Nancy Today: Off to use the internet at McDonald's, Kingston, Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
With hotchocolate in hand, away I go to use the internet at McDonald's while I have to wait for several hours for Willem's District meeting to end and Saturday evening District Conference to begin.
http://wn.com/Nancy_Today_Off_to_use_the_internet_at_McDonald's,_Kingston,_Ontario
With hotchocolate in hand, away I go to use the internet at McDonald's while I have to wait for several hours for Willem's District meeting to end and Saturday evening District Conference to begin.
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 518
- author: NancyToday
Trip to Kingston Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Trip_to_Kingston_Ontario
Buskers Kingston, Ontario Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
Check out Part 2: www.youtube.com Amazing performers ! Go check them out !!! Juzzie Smith Bike Boy Million Dollar Eyebrows The Circus Firemen Pogo Dudes The Real McCoy The Four Roads Dream State Circus
http://wn.com/Buskers_Kingston,_Ontario_Part_1
Check out Part 2: www.youtube.com Amazing performers ! Go check them out !!! Juzzie Smith Bike Boy Million Dollar Eyebrows The Circus Firemen Pogo Dudes The Real McCoy The Four Roads Dream State Circus
- published: 16 Jul 2012
- views: 192
- author: Jesse Barter
Kingston Ontario City Bus Ride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:09
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Older Video from my hard drive riding the Kingston Ontario City Bus =================================================== Copyright info I own all the copyright and world wide distribution rights. ©2012 RickyFromKingston =================================================== Main Channle www.youtube.com 2ed channle www.youtube.com Twitter www.twitter.com Facebook www.facebook.com ( my and a few other big youtube'rs run this fan group ) www.gramfeed.com ( Instagram ) instagrid.me ( Instagram ) Chat with me ( liveProfile ) my id is LP6HHBCM Live Broadcast www.blogtv.com/user/wikkedwicky
http://wn.com/Kingston_Ontario_City_Bus_Ride
Older Video from my hard drive riding the Kingston Ontario City Bus =================================================== Copyright info I own all the copyright and world wide distribution rights. ©2012 RickyFromKingston =================================================== Main Channle www.youtube.com 2ed channle www.youtube.com Twitter www.twitter.com Facebook www.facebook.com ( my and a few other big youtube'rs run this fan group ) www.gramfeed.com ( Instagram ) instagrid.me ( Instagram ) Chat with me ( liveProfile ) my id is LP6HHBCM Live Broadcast www.blogtv.com/user/wikkedwicky
- published: 21 Sep 2012
- views: 123
- author: RickyFromKingston
My City, My Passion - Kingston Ontario (LongboardUK Contest Entry)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
My name is Paul DeCoste and I live in Kingston Ontario, Canada. I want to win this competition for reasons a tad different then most. I don't care if my video is "better" then anybodies, I don't care about trying to prove anyone in this video is better then anyone out there, and I don't intend on making this video a trick video. I want to highlight my city, my friends, and all the amazing spots I have the pleasure of boarding every day. If it wasn't for the people and boarders I've met here in kingston, I wouldn't be where I am today. I've made life long friends and partners and excelled my skills further then I could have ever done on my own. I want to win this competition to prove to my city that it is indeed the best place to learn, live and ride!
http://wn.com/My_City,_My_Passion_Kingston_Ontario_LongboardUK_Contest_Entry
My name is Paul DeCoste and I live in Kingston Ontario, Canada. I want to win this competition for reasons a tad different then most. I don't care if my video is "better" then anybodies, I don't care about trying to prove anyone in this video is better then anyone out there, and I don't intend on making this video a trick video. I want to highlight my city, my friends, and all the amazing spots I have the pleasure of boarding every day. If it wasn't for the people and boarders I've met here in kingston, I wouldn't be where I am today. I've made life long friends and partners and excelled my skills further then I could have ever done on my own. I want to win this competition to prove to my city that it is indeed the best place to learn, live and ride!
- published: 05 Oct 2012
- views: 267
- author: BoxorRoxor
Hilarious sexist old promo clip for Kingston Ontario/Queens University and MGB cars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:52
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Hilarious sexist old promo clip for Kingston Ontario/Queens University and MGB cars.
http://wn.com/Hilarious_sexist_old_promo_clip_for_Kingston_Ontario_Queens_University_and_MGB_cars
Hilarious sexist old promo clip for Kingston Ontario/Queens University and MGB cars.
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 4512
- author: OutlawArtsMarketing
Kingston Tappers of Kingston Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Group of seniors who love to tap dance, ranging in age from 68-83
http://wn.com/Kingston_Tappers_of_Kingston_Ontario
Group of seniors who love to tap dance, ranging in age from 68-83
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 41
- author: Pam Morton
5 Royal George Unit 1406, Kingston, Ontario - Virtual Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
View virtual tour at www.myvisuallistings.com Address: 5 Royal George Unit 1406, Kingston, Ontario Presented by RE/MAX Realty Concepts Corp., Brokerage sdennee@cogeco.ca 613-544-3325 / 877-924-3689 Sean Dennee Sales Representative sdennee@cogeco.ca
http://wn.com/5_Royal_George_Unit_1406,_Kingston,_Ontario_Virtual_Tour
View virtual tour at www.myvisuallistings.com Address: 5 Royal George Unit 1406, Kingston, Ontario Presented by RE/MAX Realty Concepts Corp., Brokerage sdennee@cogeco.ca 613-544-3325 / 877-924-3689 Sean Dennee Sales Representative sdennee@cogeco.ca
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- author: Visual4Sale
UFO Spotted Over Kingston Ont. Canada - Jan. 5th / 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Hello there, for most of my subscriber's who know me, or are firmiliar with my uploads, Today i wanna bring something new to my channel. I was out biking home from my friends house, after playing a bit of games and what not, and among my bike ride home i seen this ufo (as seen in video) and was quick to pull my video camera out of my napsack. Among recording basically i believe i was recording a ufo, as seen there are no lights indicating it is a plane, or helicopter, and pretty much its just a solid orb as seen. I have seen things like this before but this time was able to pick it up on camera. Again for my subscribers, who know me as a video game uploader, dont flame or troll this video, as one must have an open mind and understanding of these sightings, basically im amazed aswell for what i recorded, but do know this is all 100% authentic, and my upload, so again thanks for watching, and if any questions or anything, leave a comment or inbox me. Thanks and subscribe.
http://wn.com/UFO_Spotted_Over_Kingston_Ont_Canada_Jan_5th_2012
Hello there, for most of my subscriber's who know me, or are firmiliar with my uploads, Today i wanna bring something new to my channel. I was out biking home from my friends house, after playing a bit of games and what not, and among my bike ride home i seen this ufo (as seen in video) and was quick to pull my video camera out of my napsack. Among recording basically i believe i was recording a ufo, as seen there are no lights indicating it is a plane, or helicopter, and pretty much its just a solid orb as seen. I have seen things like this before but this time was able to pick it up on camera. Again for my subscribers, who know me as a video game uploader, dont flame or troll this video, as one must have an open mind and understanding of these sightings, basically im amazed aswell for what i recorded, but do know this is all 100% authentic, and my upload, so again thanks for watching, and if any questions or anything, leave a comment or inbox me. Thanks and subscribe.
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 4495
- author: jmak1231
Collins Bay Penitentiary, Kingston Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:48
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Video shot in the early 1990's inside medium security Collins Bay Penitentiary, Kingston Ontario. More video archives at www.prisontv.net.
http://wn.com/Collins_Bay_Penitentiary,_Kingston_Ontario
Video shot in the early 1990's inside medium security Collins Bay Penitentiary, Kingston Ontario. More video archives at www.prisontv.net.
- published: 28 Mar 2012
- views: 1998
- author: kingstonprison
HERITAGE AWARDS - KINGSTON ONTARIO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 25 May 2012
Many buildings have been re-done and look fantastic in the downtown core. Some of the buildings have been awarded heritage awards for great renovations in and out, as well as keeping the history of the building alive with a fresh coat of paint. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/HERITAGE_AWARDS_KINGSTON_ONTARIO
Many buildings have been re-done and look fantastic in the downtown core. Some of the buildings have been awarded heritage awards for great renovations in and out, as well as keeping the history of the building alive with a fresh coat of paint. Enjoy!
- published: 25 May 2012
- views: 263
- author: Jamie Patterson
Special Olympics Law Enforcement Torch Run 2012 Kingston Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
While visiting Kingston I caught the end of the Law Enforcement Torch Run for the Ontario Special Olympics, which are being held in Kingston this year. Representatives from several different law enforcement agencies participated. It was quite a spectacle. Great cause. www.treeoflifevideo.com
http://wn.com/Special_Olympics_Law_Enforcement_Torch_Run_2012_Kingston_Ontario
While visiting Kingston I caught the end of the Law Enforcement Torch Run for the Ontario Special Olympics, which are being held in Kingston this year. Representatives from several different law enforcement agencies participated. It was quite a spectacle. Great cause. www.treeoflifevideo.com
- published: 03 Jun 2012
- views: 431
- author: TreeofLifeVideo1
Slice of Sin: Winter Morning in Kingston, Ontario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 28 Sep 2012
I woke up this morning, drew my curtains, and saw this lovely sight on the lake and just had to run out to film it. I love January here in Kingston, Ontario because I think it's when the lake is at its utmost beauty. I also hate January here because it's so COLD!
http://wn.com/Slice_of_Sin_Winter_Morning_in_Kingston,_Ontario
I woke up this morning, drew my curtains, and saw this lovely sight on the lake and just had to run out to film it. I love January here in Kingston, Ontario because I think it's when the lake is at its utmost beauty. I also hate January here because it's so COLD!
- published: 15 Jan 2012
- views: 659
- author: sinovera
Short visit of Kingston (Canada - Ontario)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
(EN) Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the Saint Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement, growing European exploration in the 17th century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673. Located midway between Toronto and Montreal, Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 15, 1841, by Governor Lord Sydenham. While its time as a political centre was short, Kingston has remained an important military installation. Kingston was the county seat of Frontenac County until 1998. Kingston is a separated municipality from the County of Frontenac. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the population of the city proper was 123363, while the population of the census metropolitan area (CMA) was 159561. Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone. (F) Kingston est une municipalité ontarienne (Canada). Au recensement de 2006, on y dénombrait, pour la ville, 117 207 habitants et pour la région de recensement 152 358 habitants. Fort Frontenac, devenu Kingston, est l'ancienne capitale, éphémère, du Canada. Elle est maintenant principalement anglophone (la communauté francophone est d'environ 5000 personnes). Kingston est une destination touristique populaire, entre autres parce qu'elle est située au début de la région des Mille-Îles ...
http://wn.com/Short_visit_of_Kingston_Canada_Ontario
(EN) Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the Saint Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement, growing European exploration in the 17th century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673. Located midway between Toronto and Montreal, Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 15, 1841, by Governor Lord Sydenham. While its time as a political centre was short, Kingston has remained an important military installation. Kingston was the county seat of Frontenac County until 1998. Kingston is a separated municipality from the County of Frontenac. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the population of the city proper was 123363, while the population of the census metropolitan area (CMA) was 159561. Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many heritage buildings constructed using local limestone. (F) Kingston est une municipalité ontarienne (Canada). Au recensement de 2006, on y dénombrait, pour la ville, 117 207 habitants et pour la région de recensement 152 358 habitants. Fort Frontenac, devenu Kingston, est l'ancienne capitale, éphémère, du Canada. Elle est maintenant principalement anglophone (la communauté francophone est d'environ 5000 personnes). Kingston est une destination touristique populaire, entre autres parce qu'elle est située au début de la région des Mille-Îles ...
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 30
- author: valpard
Prisontv.net - - Native Pow Wow at Lake Ontario Park (Kingston, ON)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 19 Jun 2012
On a escorted day pass from Frontenac Institution, Prisontv.net's Ricky Atkinson talks with a Mohawk elder about the 'native way' and cross cultural sensitivity. (1994)
http://wn.com/Prisontvnet_Native_Pow_Wow_at_Lake_Ontario_Park_Kingston,_ON
On a escorted day pass from Frontenac Institution, Prisontv.net's Ricky Atkinson talks with a Mohawk elder about the 'native way' and cross cultural sensitivity. (1994)
- published: 27 May 2012
- views: 177
- author: kingstonprison
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
16 Dec 2012
NEWTOWN, Conn. — The gunman in the Connecticut shooting rampage committed suicide as first responders closed in, the governor said Sunday, raising the specter that Adam Lanza had planned an even more gruesome massacre and was stopped short. Lanza blasted his way into the building and used a high-power rifle to kill 20 children and six adults, including the principal who tried to stop him, authorities said ... Among the questions ... H ... The Rev....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
18 Dec 2012
The UN's humanitarian chief has called on Syria to urgently allow fuel imports for aid deliveries and give access to 10 more aid agencies. Valerie Amos met government officials in the capital, Damascus, to discuss the growing humanitarian crisis. UN workers also needed to freely move into opposition-controlled areas to step up their aid efforts, she said ... 'Greater rebel contact' ... The claim could not be independently verified ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
CSC - Correctional Service of Canada) Ontario Region ... FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE DEATH OF INMATE AT KINGSTON PENITENTIARY. Kingston, Ontario, December 18, 2012 - On Monday, December 17, 2012, inmate Andrew Townsend from Kingston Penitentiary was found unresponsive in his cell ... Kingston Penitentiary....(size: 2.3Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
City of Kingston) ... Utilities Kingston is asking residents in the west end of the city to reduce water use over the next two to four days ... Utilities Kingston assures residents that water quality has not been affected ... The failed valve at Point Pleasant Water Treatment Plant has reduced the capacity to draw water from Lake Ontario ... This noodl was issued by City of Kingston and was initially posted at www.cityofkingston.ca....(size: 3.3Kb)
Stockhouse
19 Dec 2012
Experienced banker will manage key mortgage lender relationships. TORONTO, Dec ... Mr ... In addition to his role as VP, Alternate Channels, Mr ... Mr. Whyte has an MBA from Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, specializing in Finance, Information Systems, Strategic Planning and Industrial Marketing and a Bachelor of Science from the University of Western Ontario ... He also has served on corporate boards, including CIBC Mortgages Inc ... About D+H....(size: 2.9Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
19 Dec 2012
PITTSBURGH Winners of Carnegie Hero medals awarded Wednesday.. - Christopher M ... 11, 2011 ... 14, 2010 ... - Joshua W ... 7, 2011 ... 31, 2011. - Jonathan Paul Jones, 41, of Lisbon Iowa; Makeda S ... Riediger, 53, of Calgary, Alberta, died while helping to save 64-year-old man from drowning in Pelee Island, Ontario, on Aug ... - Robert Eli Meyer, 28, of Kingston, Mass., saved 10-year-old boy from downing in Atlantic Ocean off Scituate, Mass., on May 14, 2011 ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
PITTSBURGH -- Winners of Carnegie Hero medals awarded Wednesday.. - Christopher M ... 11, 2011 ... 14, 2010 ... - Joshua W ... 7, 2011 ... 31, 2011 ... Jones died in the rescue. - Ricky D ... 24, 2011 ... Riediger, 53, of Calgary, Alberta, died while helping to save 64-year-old man from drowning in Pelee Island, Ontario, on Aug ... - Robert Eli Meyer, 28, of Kingston, Mass., saved 10-year-old boy from downing in Atlantic Ocean off Scituate, Mass., on May 14, 2011....(size: 2.2Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
PITTSBURGH -- Winners of Carnegie Hero medals awarded Wednesday.. - Christopher M ... 11, 2011 ... 14, 2010 ... - Joshua W ... 7, 2011 ... 31, 2011 ... Jones died in the rescue. - Ricky D ... 24, 2011 ... Riediger, 53, of Calgary, Alberta, died while helping to save 64-year-old man from drowning in Pelee Island, Ontario, on Aug ... - Robert Eli Meyer, 28, of Kingston, Mass., saved 10-year-old boy from downing in Atlantic Ocean off Scituate, Mass., on May 14, 2011....(size: 2.2Kb)
Huffington Post
19 Dec 2012
PITTSBURGH -- Winners of Carnegie Hero medals awarded Wednesday.. _ Christopher M ... 11, 2011 ... 14, 2010 ... _ Joshua W ... 7, 2011 ... 31, 2011 ... Jones died in the rescue. _ Ricky D ... 24, 2011 ... Riediger, 53, of Calgary, Alberta, died while helping to save 64-year-old man from drowning in Pelee Island, Ontario, on Aug ... _ Robert Eli Meyer, 28, of Kingston, Mass., saved 10-year-old boy from downing in Atlantic Ocean off Scituate, Mass., on May 14, 2011 ... ___ ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames) A summer to remember in Kingston. Following a fantastic season of sport and culture in the borough, Kingston University has captured some of the borough's golden Olympic moments in a new film to celebrate a summer that will be remembered for years to come ... Councillor Simon James, Lead Member with responsibility for the Olympics at Kingston Council, said.....(size: 3.2Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
19 Dec 2012
noodls
19 Dec 2012
KINGSTON, NEW YORK, 12401 www.ulstercountyny.gov FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Tuesday, December 19, 2012 ... The Ulster County Legislature proudly announces Governor Cuomo's support and partnership in recognizing the AVR/Hudson Landing Project as a priority to the County of Ulster, City of Kingston, Town of Ulster and to the Hudson River Valley community by awarding funding today through the Regional Economic Development Councils....(size: 5.2Kb)
Jamaica Observer
19 Dec 2012
Additionally, when your father's immigrant petition becomes "current" — which means it is ready for processing — he must take action at US Embassy Kingston within one year in order to keep the application from expiring. Your father can learn more about when his visa might be ready for processing at US Embassy Kingston by monitoring the Visa Bulletin information available through the Travel.State.Gov website....(size: 3.1Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
Toronto Police Service) Traffic fatality #40/2012, Kingston Road/Beechgrove Drive, Public assistance sought ... On Tuesday, December 18, 2012, at approximately 9.45 p.m., police responded to a call for a personal injury collision at Kingston Road/Beechgrove Drive ... − a 68−year−old man was attempting to cross Kingston Road, from the south side to the ......(size: 2.1Kb)
Canada Newswire
19 Dec 2012
Ontario's Future Prosperity Depends Upon Action by All Economic Players ... 19, 2012 /CNW/ - Ontario must act quickly to become more competitive and seize opportunities in the new global economy or our prosperity will decline, according to , the report of Ontario's Jobs and Prosperity Council ... Taken together, strong action on these economic priorities will propel Ontario's businesses to the forefront of the new global economy....(size: 3.1Kb)
| Kingston | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Kingston City Skyline from Fort Henry Hill | |
| Nickname(s): Limestone City | |
| Motto: Antiquitate Civilitate Humanitate (Latin) ("A Civil And Creative Community With A Proud Past") |
|
 Kingston
|
|
| Coordinates: 44°14′N 76°30′W / 44.233°N 76.5°W / 44.233; -76.5 | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  Ontario |
| County | Frontenac |
| Established | 1673 (as Fort Cataraqui; later renamed Fort Frontenac) |
| Incorporated | 1838 (as town); 1846 (as city) |
| Amalgamated | 1998 (with Kingston and Pittsburgh Twps) |
| Government | |
| • City Mayor | Mark Gerretsen |
| • Governing Body | Kingston City Council |
| • MPs | Ted Hsu (LPC) |
| • MPPs | John Gerretsen (OLP) |
| Area | |
| • City | 450.39 km2 (173.90 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,906.82 km2 (736.23 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 70–110 m (230–360 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • City | 123,363 |
| • Density | 273.4/km2 (708/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 159,561 |
| • Metro density | 82.3/km2 (213/sq mi) |
| source: Statistics Canada | |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC−5) |
| • Summer (DST) | Eastern (EDT) (UTC−4) |
| Postal code span | K7K through K7P |
| Area code(s) | 613 343 |
| Website | www.cityofkingston.ca |
File:Day51akingston9.jpg
The Prince George Hotel
Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the St. Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario.[1] Originally a First Nations settlement, growing European exploration in the 17th Century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673.
Located midway between Toronto and Montreal, Kingston was named the first capital of the Province of Canada on February 15, 1841, by Governor Lord Sydenham.[2] While its time as a political centre was short, Kingston remained an important military installation.
Kingston is the county seat of Frontenac County. According to the 2011 Canadian census, the population of the city proper was 123,363,[3] while the population of the metropolitan area was 159,561.[4]
Kingston is nicknamed the "Limestone City" because of the many historic buildings built from the local limestone.
Contents |
History[link]
Origins, settlement, and growth[link]
The French originally settled upon a traditional Mississaugas First Nation site called Katarokwi (Cataraqui in the common transliteration, and according to French pronunciation rules should be said "kah-tah-RAH-kee," although it is generally pronounced "kah-tah-ROCK-way") in 1673 and established Fort Cataraqui, later to be called Fort Frontenac. The fort was captured and destroyed by the British in the Battle of Fort Frontenac during the Seven Years' War in 1758. A receiving centre for fleeing refugees from the American Revolution some years later, Kingston became the primary community of southeastern Upper Canada.
United Empire Loyalists formed a significant part of an expanding population in the area at the end of the 18th century. Loyalists who had originally sought refuge at Carleton Island during the Revolutionary War arrived at Cataraqui after the area was surveyed in 1783. One of these Loyalists was Molly Brant (the sister of Six Nations Leader Joseph Brant). A large group of Loyalists led by Captain Michael Grass arrived in 1784, having sailed from New York and up the St. Lawrence River. Fort Frontenac was restored to accommodate a military garrison that would defend the new community.
Cataraqui was referred to as "the King's Town" or "King's Town" by 1787 in honour of King George III.[5][6] The name was shortened to "Kingston" in 1788.[5]
During the War of 1812, Kingston was the base for the Lake Ontario division of the Great Lakes British naval fleet which engaged in a vigorous arms race with the American fleet based at Sackett's Harbor, New York for control of Lake Ontario. After the war, Britain built Fort Henry and a series of distinctive Martello towers to guard the entrance to the Rideau Canal. All still exist, and Fort Henry is a popular tourist attraction.
Kingston's location at the Rideau Canal entrance to Lake Ontario, after canal construction was completed in 1832, made it the primary military and economic centre of Upper Canada. Incorporated as a town in 1838, the first mayor of Kingston was Thomas Kirkpatrick. Kingston had the largest population of any centre in Upper Canada until the 1840s. Kingston was incorporated as a city in 1846.
Kingston was chosen as the first capital of the united Canadas and served in that role from 1841 to 1844. The first meeting of the Parliament of the United Canadas on June 13, 1841, was held on the site of what is now Kingston General Hospital. The city was considered too small and lacking in amenities, however, and its location made it vulnerable to American attack. Consequently, the capital was moved to alternating locations in Montreal and Toronto, and then later to Ottawa in 1857. Subsequently, Kingston's growth slowed considerably and its national importance declined.
The Kingston General Hospital site also held the remains of 1,400 Irish immigrants who had died in Kingston in fever sheds along the waterfront, during the typhus epidemic of 1847, while fleeing the Great Famine. Their remains were re-interred to the city's St. Mary's Cemetery in 1966.[7]
Kingston was the home of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald. One of his residences in Kingston, Bellevue House, is now a popular National Historic Site of Canada open to the public and depicting the house as it would have been in the 1840s when he lived there.
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kingston remained an important Great Lakes port and a centre for shipbuilding and locomotive manufacturing, including the Canadian Locomotive Company, at one time the largest locomotive works in the British Empire. Most heavy industry has now left the city, and employment is now primarily in the institutional, military, and service/retail sectors.
Kingston grew moderately through the 20th century through a series of annexations of lands in adjacent Kingston Township, including a 1952 annexation of some 5,500 acres (22 km2) which encompassed areas west to the Little Cataraqui Creek (including the village of Portsmouth), where a number of large residential subdivisions were built in the late 1950s and early '60s.
Municipal governance had been a topic of discussion since the mid-1970s due to financial imbalance between the city and the surrounding townships, which now had large residential areas and a population approaching that of the city proper. On January 1, 1998, the City was amalgamated with Kingston Township and Pittsburgh Township to form a new City of Kingston. The city's boundaries now encompass large rural areas north of Highway 401 and east of the Cataraqui River.
The term "Cataraqui", from the original native name for Kingston, today refers to an area around the intersection of Princess Street and Sydenham Road where a village that later took the name was located. Cataraqui is also the name of a municipal electoral district.
Military history[link]
Kingston, being strategically located at the head of the St. Lawrence River and at the mouth of the Cataraqui River near the border with the United States, has been a site of military importance since Fort Frontenac was built in 1673. The French, and later, the British established military garrisons. Several defensive fortifications were constructed in the 19th century, including Fort Henry, four Martello towers, and the Market Battery. Military ships were built at the Kingston Royal Naval Dockyard at Point Frederick from 1788 to 1853.
After the British army withdrew from most locations in Canada in 1870-71, two batteries of garrison artillery were formed by the Dominion Government - one in Kingston; the other in Quebec City. The batteries were also schools of gunnery. The Kingston battery was garrisoned at Fort Henry and Tête du Pont Barracks (Fort Frontenac). Designated as the Regiment of Canadian Artillery, the regular component evolved into the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, with most of its battery housed at Tête du Pont Barracks until 1939.[8]
The withdrawal of imperial troops required a Canadian location for the training of military officers. Because of Kingston's military tradition and the fact that several military buildings already existed at the old naval dockyard, Point Frederick was chosen as the location for Canada's first military college, the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC). The college opened in 1876.
Located east of Kingston's downtown, the army's Camp Barriefield, now McNaughton Barracks, was constructed at the beginning of the First World War and expanded during the Second World War. Camp Barriefield was named in honour of Rear-Admiral Sir Robert Barrie (May 5, 1774 – June 7, 1841), a British naval officer noted for his service in the War of 1812. It was later named McNaughton Barracks after Andrew George Latta McNaughton, a former minister of national defence. Nearby Vimy Barracks was established in 1937 for the Royal Canadian Corps of Signals (later the Royal Canadian School of Signals). Vimy and McNaughton Barracks house the Canadian Forces School of Communications and Electronics (CFSCE), the Canadian Forces' military communications training centre and several other units. McNaughton Barracks and Vimy Barracks make up most of Canadian Forces Base Kingston (CFB Kingston). Major military facilities supported by CFB Kingston include Fort Frontenac, located on the site of the original fort, and the Royal Military College of Canada.
A military aerodrome, RCAF Station Kingston, was constructed to the west of Kingston to support flying training during the Second World War.
Built heritage[link]
Kingston is known for its historic properties, as reflected in the city's motto of "where history and innovation thrive". The municipality has nearly 700 properties listed in the heritage register it maintains pursuant to the Ontario Heritage Act.[9]
In 2007, the Rideau Canal, along with the fortifications at Kingston, was designated a World Heritage Site,[10] one of only 15 such sites in Canada.[11]
There are 21 National Historic Sites of Canada located in Kingston. Kingston has the third largest number of National Historic Sites within its boundaries of any city in Ontario, after Ottawa and Toronto.[12]
Economy[link]
Kingston's economy relies heavily on public sector institutions and establishments. The most important sectors are related to health care, education (Queen's University, the Royal Military College of Canada, and St. Lawrence College), government (including the military and correctional services), tourism and culture. Manufacturing, and research and development play a smaller role than in the past. One of Kingston's major industrial employers of the 20th century, the Canadian Locomotive Company, closed in 1969, and the former Alcan and DuPont operations employ far fewer people than in the past.
According to the Kingston Economic Development Corporation, the major employers in Kingston as of November 2011 were:[13]
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Transportation[link]
Highway 401, which runs in the north part of the city, is the principal access route into Kingston. The first sections of the highway in the Kingston area were opened in 1958, although it was not fully completed for another ten years. Highway 15 is an alternative route between Kingston and the Ottawa region. From the south, Interstate 81 connects with Highway 401 east of Kingston. Seasonal ferry service from Cape Vincent, New York, via Wolfe Island, into downtown Kingston is an alternate route to and from the United States.
Via Rail corridor service connects Kingston along the main line between Windsor, Ontario and Quebec City. By air, Kingston is served by Norman Rogers Airport with Air Canada Jazz providing regular service to Toronto only. Megabus (Coach Canada) and Greyhound Canada provide service from the Kingston Bus Terminal to Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.
Kingston Transit provides local municipal bus service.
Tourism[link]
File:Tourism Kingston Logo.jpg
The logo of Tourism Kingston
According to Statistics Canada, The tourism industry in Kingston represents a vital part of the city's economy. In 2004, over 3,500 jobs were contributed to Kingston's economy due to the tourism industry. The tourism industry has been at a healthy growth rate and has become one of the most performing sectors of Kingston. Unique opportunities are presented for this industry in this time of shifting travel trends and the baby boomer generation. The success of Kingston's tourism industry is heavily dependent on information about travelers, however data availability still remains a challenge.[14]
Culture[link]
Kingston hosts several festivals during the year, including the Kingston WritersFest, Limestone City Blues Festival, the Kingston Canadian Film Festival, Fanfayr, the Kingston Buskers' Rendezvous, Kingston Jazz Festival, Reelout Film Festival, Feb Fest and the Wolfe Island Music Festival.
Kingston is home to many artists who work in visual arts, media arts, literature, and a growing number who work in other time-based disciplines such as performance art. The contemporary arts scene in particular has two long standing professional non-profit venues in the downtown area, the Agnes Etherington Art Centre (founded 1957), and Modern Fuel Artist-Run Centre (founded 1977). Local artists often participate in the exhibition programming of each organization, while each also presents the work of artists from across Canada and around the world - inkeeping with their educational mandates. Alternative venues for the presentation of exhibition programs in Kingston include The Union Gallery (Queen's University's student art gallery), Verb Gallery, Open Studio 22, the Kingston Arts Council gallery, and The Artel: Arts Accommodations and Venue.
The Kingston WritersFest occurs annually. Literary events also happen throughout the year at the Kingston Frontenac Public Library and local bookstores. Writers who are or have been residents of Kingston include Steven Heighton, Bronwen Wallace, Helen Humphreys, Michael Ondaatje, Joanne Page, Diane Schoemperlen, Eric Folsom, Michael Crummey, Melanie Dugan, Mark Sinnett, Mary Alice Downie, Robertson Davies, Douglas Fetherling, Wayne Grady, Merilyn Simonds, Ellen Stafford, Alec Ross, Jamie Swift, Carolyn Smart, Sarah Tsiang, Joanne Stanbridge, Laurie Lewis, and Alexander Scala.
Music and theatre venues include The Grand Theatre, and The Wellington Street Theatre, which host performances from international, national, and local groups like Domino Theatre, Theatre Kingston, The Vagabond Repertory Theatre Company, Hope Theatre Projects, Bottle Tree Productions, and other small groups that dot the downtown area. The Kingston Symphony performs at The Grand Theatre, as do several amateur and semi-professional theatre groups. The K-Rock Centre, a 5800-seat entertainment venue and ice rink, opened in February 2008.
The city has spawned several musicians and musical groups, most of whom are known mainly within Canada, but a few of whom have achieved international success. These include John Kay, lead singer, harmonica player, and occasional guitarist of the heavy metal late 60s/early 70s band Steppenwolf, members of The Tragically Hip, The Mahones, jazz singer Andy Poole, Bedouin Soundclash, Sarah Harmer, The Arrogant Worms, The Headstones, The Inbreds, and David Usher, formerly of Moist.
Kingston is also the birth place of Bryan Adams. The first winner of the television series Canadian Idol was Kingston native Ryan Malcolm.
Poet Michael Andre was raised in Kingston. Zal Yanovsky of The Lovin' Spoonful lived in Kingston until his death in 2002.
Comedian and actor Dan Aykroyd has a residence just north of Kingston and is a frequent face in town. He owned a restaurant called Aykroyd's Ghetto House Café on upper Princess Street during the 1990s which prominently featured a Blues Brothers' car projecting out from the second story wall.
Education[link]
Kingston is the site of two universities, Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada, and a community college, St. Lawrence College. According to Statistics Canada, Kingston has the most PhD-holders per capita of any city in Canada.[15]
Queen's University[link]
Queen's University is one of Canada's oldest universities and offers a variety of degree programs. The university was founded in 1841 under royal charter from Queen Victoria. It currently has an enrolment of more than 13,000 undergraduate and 4,000 graduate students. Queen's Campus is rather self-contained but is in close walking distance to downtown Kingston, making it a pedestrian friendly university for students and faculty alike.
Royal Military College of Canada[link]
The Royal Military College of Canada, established in 1876, is Canada's only military university (Collège Militaire Royal in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec is a military CEGEP), providing academic and leadership training to officer cadets, other members of Canada's armed forces and civilians. There are currently 1,100 undergraduate students and 500 full and part-time graduate students.[16]
St. Lawrence College[link]
St. Lawrence College offers baccalaureate degree programs at its Kingston campus, in behavioural psychology, industrial trades, microelectronics, nursing and business administration (the latter via a partnership with Laurentian University[17]), in addition to certificate, diploma, and advanced diploma programs.
Primary and secondary education[link]
The Limestone District School Board serves students in the counties of Frontenac and Lennox and Addington. Along with the Limestone School of Community Education, which provides adult education and training programs, approximately 23,000 students attend 56 elementary and 12 secondary schools. The Algonquin and Lakeshore Catholic District School Board serves students of the Roman Catholic faith. Approximately 15,000 students attend 36 elementary schools and 5 secondary schools in this district. The catholic high schools in the immediate Kingston area include Regiopolis Notre-Dame and Holy Cross Catholic High Schools. The francophone community is served by two school boards, the Conseil des écoles publiques de l'Est de l'Ontario and the Conseil des écoles catholiques de langue française du Centre-Est, each providing one secondary school in the area.
Secondary schools located in Kingston:
Correctional institutions and facilities[link]
Kingston has the largest concentration of federal correctional facilities in Canada. The facilities are operated by the Correctional Service of Canada. Of the nine institutions located in the Kingston area, seven of them are located within the municipal boundaries of the city.
- Kingston Penitentiary (maximum security)
- Regional Treatment Centre (multi-level security), co-located within Kingston Penitentiary
- Joyceville Institution (medium security)
- Pittsburgh Institution (minimum security), co-located with Joyceville
- Collins Bay Institution (medium security)
- Frontenac Institution (minimum security), co-located with Collins Bay
- Millhaven Institution (maximum security), and Bath Institution (medium security), are located in the nearby village of Bath.
Until 2000, Canada's only federal correctional facility for women, the Prison For Women (nicknamed "P4W") was also located in Kingston. As a result of the report of the Commission of Inquiry into Certain Events at the Prison for Women in Kingston, the facility was closed in 2000. Queen's University purchased the property with the intention of renovating it to house the Queen's Archives, but the interior of the building was awarded a heritage designation and Queen's lost the ability to renovate the interior and is currently considering its options.
Geography and climate[link]
Kingston is located at 44°13′12″N 76°28′48″W / 44.22°N 76.48°W / 44.22; -76.48 (44.22, −76.48),[18] and is located in hardiness zone 5. Kingston has a moderate humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), but with cooler summers and colder winters than most of Southern Ontario. Although proximity to Lake Ontario has a moderating effect on the climate, it also tempers the heat and can on occasion increase precipitation, especially during heavy snowfall events. Mild to strong breezes off of Lake Ontario make Kingston one of the most consistently windy cities in Canada, especially near the water.
The central part of the city is located between the Cataraqui River to the east and the Little Cataraqui Creek to the West, with outlying areas extending in both directions. The eastern part of the city is accessible by the La Salle Causeway on Highway 2.
Major features of Kingston's waterfront include Flora MacDonald Confederation Basin, Portsmouth Olympic Harbour, Collins Bay, Wolfe Island, Garden Island, the Cataraqui River (including the Inner Harbour and, within that, Anglin Bay).
Cities and towns nearby[link]
Major parks nearby[link]
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Sports[link]
Hockey[link]
Although contested, Kingston lays claim to being the birthplace of ice hockey. This is supported by a journal entry of a British Army officer in Kingston in 1843. He wrote "Began to skate this year, improved quickly and had great fun at hockey on the ice.".[20] Kingston is also home to the oldest continuing hockey rivalry in the world by virtue of a game played in 1886 on the frozen Kingston harbour between Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada. To mark this event, the city hosts an annual game between the two institutions, played on a cleared patch of frozen lake with both teams wearing period-correct uniforms and using rules from that era. The two schools also contest the annual Carr-Harris Cup under modern competitive conditions to commemorate and continue their rivalry.
The Memorial Cup, which serves as the annual championship event for the Canadian Hockey League, began in 1919 on the initiative of Kingstonian James T. Sutherland. The first championship was held in Kingston. Sutherland, a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, also helped establish the annual exhibition game between RMC and West Point in 1923.
Kingston is represented in the OHL by the Kingston Frontenacs, and in OPJHL by the Kingston Voyageurs. The Frontenacs General Manager is Kingston native Doug Gilmour.
The International Hockey Hall of Fame, established in 1943 with a building constructed in 1965, is located in Kingston, near the Kingston Memorial Centre (which was opened in 1950). New to the city is the K-Rock Centre, located in the downtown core. The arena opened in February 2008, and serves as home ice for the Frontenacs. The Voyageurs play at the new Invista Centre, located in the city's west end.
Many notable hockey people, NHL, WHA, and other players, coaches and personalities have been associated with Kingston including:
Sailing[link]
The city is famous for its fresh-water sailing, and hosted the sailing events for the 1976 Summer Olympics. CORK — Canadian Olympic-training Regatta, Kingston — now hosted by CORK/Sail Kingston Inc. is still held every August. Since 1972, Kingston has hosted more than 40[21] World and Olympic sailing championships. Kingston is listed by a panel of experts among the best yacht racing venues in the USA,[22] even though Kingston is, of course, in Canada.
Kingston sits amid excellent cruising and boating territory, with easy access to Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence River, and the Thousand Islands including the St. Lawrence Islands National Park.
Kingston is also home to the youth sail training ship called the St. Lawrence II.
During the summers, the RMC campus in Kingston plays host to a Sea Cadet camp called HMCS Ontario, which provides sail training along with lots of other training to youth from across Canada. The Kingston Yacht Club located in downtown Kingston has a learn to sail program for both children and adults.
Diving[link]
Kingston is a well-known destination for fresh-water wreck diving. Some of Kingston's wrecks can be classed among the best fresh water wrecks in the world. Kingston's wrecks are well preserved by its cool fresh water, and the recent zebra mussel invasion has caused a drastic improvement in water clarity that has enhanced the quality of diving in the area.
See also the List of Shipwrecks of Kingston Ontario.
Golf[link]
The Kingston area has eight golf courses, two of which are entirely public.[23] The Kingston Golf Club, established in 1884, was a founding member of the Royal Canadian Golf Association in 1895. The first winner of the Canadian Amateur Championship that same year was Kingstonian Thomas Harley, a Scottish immigrant carpenter. Richard H. (Dick) Green, who immigrated to the area from England in the late 1920s, was the longtime club professional for nearly 40 years at Cataraqui Golf and Country Club (designed by Stanley Thompson). Green also helped design several courses in eastern Ontario, including Smiths Falls (1949), Glen Lawrence (1955), Rideau Lakes (1961), Amherstview (1971), Garrison (1971), Belle Park (1974), Rivendell (1979), and Colonnade (1984). Matt McQuillan, a professional player on the PGA Tour for the 2011 season, was born and raised in Kingston, and developed his game at the Garrison Golf and Curling Club. McQuillan won the 2005 Telus Edmonton Open on the Canadian Professional Golf Tour.
Curling[link]
Three curling clubs are located in the Kingston area: the Cataraqui Golf & Country Club, Garrison Golf & Curling Club, and the Royal Kingston Curling Club.[24] The Royal Kingston Curling Club (RKCC) was founded in 1820, and was granted Royal patronage in 1993. In 2006, the RKCC moved to a new facility, to make way for the construction of a new complex at Queen's University, the Queen's Centre.
Rugby[link]
The Kingston Panthers Rugby Football Club (KPRFC) was founded in 1959, and from that moment onward has established a reputation as a strong community player. KPRFC is a non-profit organization answering directly to the Eastern Ontario Rugby Union (EORU), the Ontario Rugby Union (ORU), and Rugby Canada (RC). The Kingston Panthers R.F.C, recently celebrated their fortieth anniversary with an EORU championship in the Division 1 championship game at Twin Elms Rugby Pitch in Ottawa, Ontario.
Football[link]
The earliest known incarnation of an organized football team in Kingston is the Kingston Granites which played in the predecessor league to the Canadian Football League, the ORFU. The team played for four seasons between 1898 and 1901 winning 1 ORFU title in 1899 defeating the Ottawa Rough Riders 8-0. Kingston also hosted the 10th Grey Cup in December 2, 1922. The Limestone Grenadiers now represent Kingston and the surrounding area in the OVFL. The Club franchise catchment area draws players from Frontenac, Hastings, Lanark, Leeds, Lennox and Prince Edward counties. League play runs from late May through August. The Junior and Varsity teams' main schedule pits the Grenadiers against eastern Ontario opponents and cross-over games with western Ontario teams leading to a provincial title championship game. Many notable football people, CFL, NFL players, coaches and personalities have been associated with Kingston including:
- Chaucer Elliott
- Rob Bagg
- Dee Sterling
- Cory Greenwood
- Matt O'Donnell (Canadian football)
- Matt Kirk
- Oamo Culbreath
- Michael Giffin
- Brent Johnson (Canadian football)
- Mike McCullough (Canadian football)
- Taylor Robertson
- Tim Cronk
Demographics[link]
See also: List of neighbourhoods in Kingston
According to the 2006 census, there were 152,358 people residing in the Kingston Census Metropolitan Area,[25] of whom 48.7% were male and 51.3% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4.8% of the resident population of Kingston. This compares with 5.5% in Ontario.
In 2001, 14.1% of the resident population in Kingston were of retirement age (65 and over) compared with 13.2% in Canada. As a result, the average age is 38.1 years of age as compared to 37.6 years of age for all of Canada. Kingston has a reputation as a suitable place for retirees to settle.
In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Kingston grew by 1.6%, compared with an increase of 6.1% for Ontario as a whole. Population density of Kingston averaged 77.0 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 12.6 people per square kilometre for Ontario altogether.
The population of Kingston shows significant turnover because of its relatively large student population (about 10%) and the number of military residents associated with Canadian Forces Base Kingston.
According to the Government of Canada 2006 census, 94.2% of the population were Caucasian; of the visible minorities, 1.7% were Chinese, 1.2% were South Asian, and 0.8% were black.
Detailed socio-demographic analysis and information about Kingston can be found in the Kingston Community Profile, 2009: A Socio-Demographic Analysis of Kingston, Ontario Canada [26] published by the Social Planning Council of Kingston and Area (SPCKA).
Religion[link]
Christianity represents the largest major religion of Kingston, with 114,145 of all residents (79.9%) claiming affiliation. Protestant faiths represent the largest denomination with 58% of the Christian population, while Catholics comprise the second largest denomination, representing 38% of Kingston's Christian community.
Second to Christianity, 25,480 residents (17.8%) claim no religious affiliation.
Other religious affiliations include Judaism (855 individuals, or .59%), Islam (850 individuals, or .59%), and Buddhism (475 individuals, or .33%).[27]
Quality of life[link]
Kingston was recognized as one of the "best places to live and work in Canada for young professionals" The city ranked # 4 on a list of 27 Canadian cities with a population of 100,000 or more in a study of the likes and dislikes of professionals between the ages of 20-40. The study, by Next Generation Consulting, considered factors such as: earning potential (things like employment opportunities and household incomes), cost of lifestyle (the cost of food, clothing and housing), vitality (air and water quality and green space) and after hours activities (things to do during week nights and on the weekend).[28][29]
Notable residents[link]
This is a list of notable people who currently live, or have lived in Kingston. This list does not include notable sports players; such people are listed in the sports section.
Media[link]
Main article: Media in Kingston, Ontario
See also[link]
- Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics
- Cartwright Point, Ontario
- Inner Harbour, Kingston
- Pittsburgh, Kingston
- Sydenham, Kingston
- Collins Bay, Ontario
- Kingston Mills
- Royal eponyms in Canada
Sister cities[link]
Scottsdale, Arizona
Cienfuegos, Cuba
Related Wikipedia articles[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ "About The City of Kingston". Cityofkingston.ca. 2010-02-09. http://www.cityofkingston.ca/about.asp. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ City of Kingston City Hall: Canada's Would-Be First Parliament.
- ^ "Statistics Canada 2011 Census for Kingston". 2.statcan.ca. 2012-02-08. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3510010&Geo2=CD&Code2=3510&Data=Count&SearchText=kingston&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
- ^ "Statistics Canada 2011 Census for Census Metropolitan Area of Kingston". 2.statcan.ca. 2012-02-08. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=521&Geo2=PR&Code2=35&Data=Count&SearchText=kingston&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1. Retrieved 2012-02-09.
- ^ a b Armstrong 1973, p.67.
- ^ "Chronology of the History of Kingston". Kingston Historical Society. http://www.kingstonhistoricalsociety.ca/chrono.html. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ "The Typhus Epidemic 1847". Ontario's Historical Plaques. Archaeological and Historic Sites Board of Ontario. http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques_DEF/Plaque_Frontenac22.html. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
- ^ The Victorian Solder - History and Uniform of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, 1871 to 1970 Retrieved 2011-09-10
- ^ "Heritage". Official site. City of Kingston. http://www.cityofkingston.ca/residents/culture/heritage/. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ "Rideau Canal". World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1221. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ "Canada". World Heritage Centre. UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/ca. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ^ Kingston, Directory of Federal Heritage Designations, Parks Canada
- ^ Kingston Major Employers Retrieved: 2012-02-17
- ^ Fritsche, Alexander. "Kingston’s Tourism Industry". May 21, 2008. KingstonCanada.com. http://www.kingstoncanada.com/en/makeaconnection/resources/Reports-TourismIndustry_AlexFritsche.pdf. Retrieved 1 May 2011.
- ^ "CANOE Travel - Canada - Smartest city in Canada". Travel.canoe.ca. http://travel.canoe.ca/Travel/Canada/2009/03/23/8857616.html. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ "Directory of Canadian Universities - RMC". Aucc.ca. 2011-02-25. http://www.aucc.ca/can_uni/our_universities/rmc_e.html. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ "Degree Programs". St. Lawrence College. http://www.stlawrencecollege.ca/index.aspx?iPageID=56&iMenuID=6&iCurrID=12. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
- ^ "Hockey night in Kingston". http://www.queensjournal.ca/article.php?point=vol133/issue11/features/lead1. Retrieved June 21, 2006. [dead link]
- ^ "List of Major Regattas in Kingston - Kingston , Ontario waterfront". K7waterfront.org. http://k7waterfront.org/Topic/ListOfMajorRegattasInKingston. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ "Scuttlebutt News Center: Best Racing Venues in the US". Sailingscuttlebutt.com. 2004-06-16. http://www.sailingscuttlebutt.com/news/04/racingsites-us/. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ OnGolf.ca - Kingston Golf Courses - Ontario Canada Retrieved 2011-03-02
- ^ CurlingRink.ca - Kingston Curling Clubs and Rinks - Kingston, Ontario Retrieved 2011-03-02
- ^ Statistics Canada 2006 Census for Kingston Metropolitan Area
- ^ "Kingston Community Profile 2009: A Socio-Demographic Analysis of Kingston,Ontario,Canada". Spckingston.ca. 2004-01-01. http://spckingston.ca/Resources.html. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ "Religion (95A), Age Groups (7A) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 1991 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data, Kingston, Ontario". 2.statcan.ca. 2010-03-09. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/themes/RetrieveProductTable.cfm?Temporal=2001&PID=55822&APATH=3&METH=1&PTYPE=55440&THEME=56&FOCUS=0&AID=0&PLACENAME=0&PROVINCE=0&SEARCH=0&GC=99&GK=NA&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=&FL=0&RL=0&FREE=0&GID=431584. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ "Next Cities-Canada Version Press Release (PDF, 324 KB)" (PDF). http://nextgenerationconsulting.com/assets/documents/next_cities_canada_press_release-28july09.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- ^ McNeill, Murray (2009-07-30). "Delighted to be a 'Pegger". Winnipeg Free Press. http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/business/delighted-to-be-a-pegger-52061932.html. Retrieved 2011-03-02.
- Bibliography
- Armstrong, Alvin. Buckskin to Broadloom - Kingston Grows Up. Kingston Whig-Standard, 1973. No ISBN.
- Mika, Nick and Helma et al. Kingston, Historic City. Belleville: Mika Publishing Co., 1987. ISBN 0-921341-06-7.
- Mika, Nick and Helma Kingston Heritage, Buildings, Monuments, Plaques Belleville: Mika Publishing Co., 1983, 160 pages.
- Roy, James. Kingston: The King's Town. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1952.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kingston, Ontario |
- Official City of Kingston Website
- Kingston Economic Development Corporation
- Social Planning Council of Kingston and Area
- The Community Foundation of Greater Kingston
- Kingston Frontenac Public Library
- Kingston Transit routes
- Kingston Genealogy, Heritage, & History links
- Kingston Electors (local government issues)
- Kingston Taxpayer's Association
- Kingston WritersFest
- Kingston Historical Society. Historic Kingston (No. 4). Kingston Ontario Historical Society. 1955.
- Kingston Historical Society. Historic Kingston (No. 5). Kingston Ontario Historical Society. 1956
- Draper, W.G.History of the City of Kingston. James M. Creighton, Book and Job Printer, 1862.
- Machar, A.M.The Story of Old Kingston. The Musson Book Co. Ltd. 1908.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the Canadian province. For other uses, see Ontario (disambiguation).
| Ontario |
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| Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin) ("Loyal she began, thus she remains") |
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| Capital | Toronto | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Largest city | Toronto | ||||
| Largest metro | Greater Toronto Area | ||||
| Official languages | English (de facto) | ||||
| Demonym | Ontarian | ||||
| Government | |||||
| Type | Constitutional monarchy | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | David Onley | ||||
| Premier | Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) | ||||
| Legislature | Legislative Assembly of Ontario | ||||
| Federal representation | In Canadian parliament | ||||
| House seats | 106 of 308 (34.4%) | ||||
| Senate seats | 24 of 105 (22.9%) | ||||
| Confederation | July 1, 1867 (1st, with QC, NS, NB) | ||||
| Area [1] | Ranked 4th | ||||
| Total | 1,076,395 km2 (415,598 sq mi) | ||||
| Land | 917,741 km2 (354,342 sq mi) | ||||
| Water (%) | 158,654 km2 (61,257 sq mi) (14.7%) | ||||
| Proportion of Canada | 10.8% of 9,984,670 km2 | ||||
| Population | Ranked 1st | ||||
| Total (2011) | 12,851,821 [2] | ||||
| Density (2011) | 14 /km2 (36 /sq mi) | ||||
| GDP | Ranked 1st | ||||
| Total (2009) | C$614 billion[3] | ||||
| Per capita | C$43,847 (6th) | ||||
| Abbreviations | |||||
| Postal | ON | ||||
| ISO 3166-2 | CA-ON | ||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC-5/-4 (most of province) Eastern: UTC-5 (No DST) (Atikokan) Central: UTC-6/-5 (Most of NW Ontario) |
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| Postal code prefix | K L M N P | ||||
| Flower | White Trillium | ||||
| Tree | Eastern White Pine | ||||
| Bird | Great Northern Loon | ||||
| Website | www.ontario.ca | ||||
| Rankings include all provinces and territories | |||||
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada.[4][5] It is Canada's most populous province or territory[6] and fourth largest in total area.[1] It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto,[7] and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.
Ontario is sometimes conceptually divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontario's population and its arable land is located in the south. In contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated.
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Etymology[link]
The province is named after Lake Ontario, which is thought to have been derived from Ontarí:io, a Huron (Wyandot) word meaning "great lake",[8] or possibly skanadario which means "beautiful water" in the Iroquoian languages.[9] Ontario contains about 250,000 freshwater lakes.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Ontario
See also: Census divisions of Ontario and Geography of Canada
The province consists of three main geographical regions:
- The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario; though this area mostly does not support agriculture it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes and rivers. Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions: Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario.
- The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the extreme north and northeast, mainly swampy and sparsely forested.
- Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions; Central Ontario (although not actually the province's geographic centre), Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe and Southwestern Ontario (parts of which were formerly referred to as Western Ontario).
Despite the absence of any mountainous terrain in the province, there are large areas of uplands, particularly within the Canadian Shield which traverses the province from northwest to southeast and also above the Niagara Escarpment which crosses the south. The highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres (2,274 ft) above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m (1,640.42 ft) are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands and in hilltops near the Madawaska River in Renfrew County.
The Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. The temperate and fertile Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Valley in the south is part of the Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests ecoregion where the forest has now been largely replaced by agriculture, industrial and urban development. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment. The Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87% of the surface area of the province; conversely Southern Ontario contains 94% of the population.
Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario (near Windsor and Detroit, Michigan) that is the southernmost extent of Canada's mainland. Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the northern border of California.
Climate[link]
Ontario has three main climatic regions. Parts of Southwestern Ontario have a moderate humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa), similar to that of the inland Mid-Atlantic States and the Great Lakes portion of the Midwestern United States. The region has warm, humid summers and cold winters. Annual precipitation ranges from 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) and is well distributed throughout the year with a usual summer peak. Most of this region lies in the lee of the Great Lakes making for abundant snow in some areas. In December 2010, the snowbelt between London and Lucan set a new record when it was hit by more than a metre of snow within 48 hours.[10] Under the Köppen climate parameters, Point Pelee and Middle Island, the southernmost parts of Canada located close to the lake boundary with Ohio, are at the dividing line of a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate (Dfa/Cfa).
Central and Eastern Ontario have a more severe humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). This region has warm and sometimes hot summers with colder, longer winters, ample snowfall and annual precipitation similar to the rest of Southern Ontario. Along the eastern shores of Lake Superior and Lake Huron, frequent heavy lake-effect snow squalls increase seasonal snowfall totals upwards of 3 m (9.8 ft) in some places.
The northernmost parts of Ontario — primarily north of 50°N — have a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with long, severely cold winters and short, cool to warm summers with dramatic temperature changes possible in all seasons. With no major mountain ranges blocking sinking Arctic air masses, temperatures of −40 °C (−40 °F) are not uncommon, snowfall remains on the ground for sometimes over half the year. Precipitation is generally less than 70 cm (28 in).
Severe thunderstorms peak in summer. London, situated in Southern (Southwestern) Ontario, has the most lightning strikes per year in Canada, averaging 34 days of thunderstorm activity per year. In a typical year, Ontario averages 15 confirmed tornado touchdowns, where more are reported in the Windsor-Essex - Chatham Kent area, though many are seldom destructive (the majority between F0 to F2 on the Fujita scale) and only few are stronger and very destructive. Tropical depression remnants occasionally bring heavy rains and winds in the south, but are rarely deadly. A notable exception was Hurricane Hazel which struck Southern Ontario, in October 1954.
History[link]
See also: History of Ontario and Timeline of Ontario history
Territorial evolution[link]
Land was not legally subdivided into administrative units until a treaty had been concluded with the native peoples ceding the land. In 1788, while part of the Province of Quebec (1763–1791), southern Ontario was divided into four districts: Hesse, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Nassau.
In 1792, the four districts were renamed: Hesse became the Western District, Lunenburg became the Eastern District, Mecklenburg became the Midland District, and Nassau became the Home District. Counties were created within the districts.
By 1798, there were eight districts: Eastern, Home, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, and Western.
By 1826, there were eleven districts: Bathurst, Eastern, Gore, Home, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, Ottawa, and Western.
By 1838, there were twenty districts: Bathurst, Brock, Colbourne, Dalhousie, Eastern, Gore, Home, Huron, Johnstown, London, Midland, Newcastle, Niagara, Ottawa, Prince Edward, Simcoe, Talbot, Victoria, Wellington, and Western.
In 1849, the districts of southern Ontario were abolished by the Province of Canada, and county governments took over certain municipal responsibilities. The Province of Canada also began creating districts in sparsely populated Northern Ontario with the establishment of Algoma District and Nipissing District in 1858.
The borders of Ontario, its new name in 1867, were provisionally expanded north and west. When the Province of Canada was formed, its borders were not entirely clear, and Ontario claimed to eventually reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean. With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land, Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders, especially since some of the new areas it was interested in were rapidly growing. After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area, the province asked for an elaboration on its limits, and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north.[11]
The northern and western boundaries of Ontario were in dispute after Confederation. Ontario's right to Northwestern Ontario was determined by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in 1884 and confirmed by the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889 of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. By 1899, there were seven northern districts: Algoma, Manitoulin, Muskoka, Nipissing, Parry Sound, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay. Four more northern districts were created between 1907 and 1912: Cochrane, Kenora, Sudbury and Timiskaming.[12]
European contact[link]
Before the arrival of the Europeans, the region was inhabited both by Algonquian (Ojibwa, Cree and Algonquin) in the northern/western portions and Iroquois and Wyandot (Huron) tribes more in the south/east.[13] During the 17th century, the Algonquians and Hurons fought a bitter war against the Iroquois.[14] The French explorer Étienne Brûlé explored part of the area in 1610-12.[15] The English explorer Henry Hudson sailed into Hudson Bay in 1611 and claimed the area for England.
Samuel de Champlain reached Lake Huron in 1615, and French missionaries began to establish posts along the Great Lakes. French settlement was hampered by their hostilities with the Iroquois, who allied themselves with the British.[16] From 1634 to 1640, Hurons were devastated by European infectious diseases, such as measles and smallpox, to which they had no immunity.[17]
The British established trading posts on Hudson Bay in the late 17th century and began a struggle for domination of Ontario. The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the Seven Years' War by awarding nearly all of France's North American possessions (New France) to Britain.[18] The region was annexed to Quebec in 1774.[19] From 1783 to 1796, the Kingdom of Great Britain granted United Empire Loyalists leaving the United States following the American Revolution 200 acres (81 ha) of land and other items with which to rebuild their lives.[16]
This measure substantially increased the population of Canada west of the St. Lawrence-Ottawa River confluence during this period, a fact recognized by the Constitutional Act of 1791, which split Quebec into the Canadas: Upper Canada southwest of the St. Lawrence-Ottawa River confluence, and Lower Canada east of it. John Graves Simcoe was appointed Upper Canada's first Lieutenant-Governor in 1793.[20]
Upper Canada[link]
Main article: Upper Canada
American troops in the War of 1812 invaded Upper Canada across the Niagara River and the Detroit River, but were defeated and pushed back by British regulars, Canadian fencibles and militias, and First Nations warriors. The Americans gained control of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, however. During the Battle of York they occupied the Town of York (later named Toronto) in 1813. The Americans looted the town and burned the Parliament Buildings but were soon forced to leave.
After the War of 1812, relative stability allowed for increasing numbers of immigrants to arrive from Europe rather than from the United States. As was the case in the previous decades, this deliberate immigration shift was encouraged by the colonial leaders. Despite affordable and often free land, many arriving newcomers, mostly from Britain and Ireland, found frontier life with the harsh climate difficult, and some of those with the means eventually returned home or went south. However, population growth far exceeded emigration in the decades that followed. It was a mostly agrarian-based society, but canal projects and a new network of plank roads spurred greater trade within the colony and with the United States, thereby improving previously damaged relations over time.
Meanwhile, Ontario's numerous waterways aided travel and transportation into the interior and supplied water power for development. As the population increased, so did the industries and transportation networks, which in turn led to further development. By the end of the century, Ontario vied with Quebec as the nation's leader in terms of growth in population, industry, arts and communications.[21]
Many in the colony however, began to chafe against the aristocratic Family Compact who governed while benefiting economically from the region's resources, and who did not allow elected bodies the power to effect change (much as the Château Clique ruled Lower Canada). This resentment spurred republican ideals and sowed the seeds for early Canadian nationalism. Accordingly, rebellion in favour of responsible government rose in both regions; Louis-Joseph Papineau led the Lower Canada Rebellion and William Lyon Mackenzie led the Upper Canada Rebellion.
Canada West[link]
Although both rebellions were put down in short order, the British government sent Lord Durham to investigate the causes of the unrest. He recommended that self-government be granted and that Lower and Upper Canada be re-joined in an attempt to assimilate the French Canadians. Accordingly, the two colonies were merged into the Province of Canada by the Act of Union 1840, with the capital at Kingston, and Upper Canada becoming known as Canada West. Parliamentary self-government was granted in 1848. There were heavy waves of immigration in the 1840s, and the population of Canada West more than doubled by 1851 over the previous decade. As a result, for the first time the English-speaking population of Canada West surpassed the French-speaking population of Canada East, tilting the representative balance of power.
An economic boom in the 1850s coincided with railway expansion across the province, further increasing the economic strength of Central Canada. With the repeal of the Corn Laws and a reciprocity agreement in place with United States, various industries such as timber, mining, farming and alcohol distilling benefited tremendously.
A political stalemate between the French- and English-speaking legislators, as well as fear of aggression from the United States during and immediately after the American Civil War, led the political elite to hold a series of conferences in the 1860s to effect a broader federal union of all British North American colonies. The British North America Act took effect on July 1, 1867, establishing the Dominion of Canada, initially with four provinces: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario. The Province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec so that each linguistic group would have its own province. Both Quebec and Ontario were required by section 93 of the British North America Act to safeguard existing educational rights and privileges of Protestant and the Catholic minority. Thus, separate Catholic schools and school boards were permitted in Ontario. However, neither province had a constitutional requirement to protect its French- or English-speaking minority. Toronto was formally established as Ontario's provincial capital.
Provincehood[link]
Once constituted as a province, Ontario proceeded to assert its economic and legislative power. In 1872, the lawyer Oliver Mowat became Premier of Ontario and remained as premier until 1896. He fought for provincial rights, weakening the power of the federal government in provincial matters, usually through well-argued appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. His battles with the federal government greatly decentralized Canada, giving the provinces far more power than John A. Macdonald had intended. He consolidated and expanded Ontario's educational and provincial institutions, created districts in Northern Ontario, and fought to ensure that those parts of Northwestern Ontario not historically part of Upper Canada (the vast areas north and west of the Lake Superior-Hudson Bay watershed, known as the District of Keewatin) would become part of Ontario, a victory embodied in the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889. He also presided over the emergence of the province into the economic powerhouse of Canada. Mowat was the creator of what is often called Empire Ontario.
Beginning with Sir John A. Macdonald's National Policy (1879) and the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (1875–1885) through Northern Ontario and the Canadian Prairies to British Columbia, Ontario manufacturing and industry flourished. However, population increase slowed after a large recession hit the province in 1893, thus slowing growth drastically but only for a few short years. Many newly arrived immigrants and others moved west along the railway to the Prairie Provinces and British Columbia, sparsely settling Northern Ontario.
Mineral exploitation accelerated in the late 19th century, leading to the rise of important mining centres in the northeast like Sudbury, Cobalt and Timmins. The province harnessed its water power to generate hydro-electric power and created the state-controlled Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, later Ontario Hydro. The availability of cheap electric power further facilitated the development of industry. The Ford Motor Company of Canada was established in 1904. General Motors Canada was formed in 1918. The motor vehicle industry would go on to become the most lucrative industry for the Ontario economy during the 20th century.
In July 1912, the Conservative government of Sir James Whitney issued Regulation 17 which severely limited the availability of French-language schooling to the province's French-speaking minority. French Canadians reacted with outrage, journalist Henri Bourassa denouncing the "Prussians of Ontario". It was eventually repealed in 1927.
Influenced by events in the United States, the government of Sir William Hearst introduced prohibition of alcoholic drinks in 1916 with the passing of the Ontario Temperance Act. However, residents could distil and retain their own personal supply, and liquor producers could continue distillation and export for sale, which allowed this already sizable industry to strengthen further. Ontario became a hotbed for the illegal smuggling of liquor and the biggest supplier into the United States, which was under complete prohibition. Prohibition in Ontario came to an end in 1927 with the establishment of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario under the government of Howard Ferguson. The sale and consumption of liquor, wine, and beer are still controlled by some of the most extreme laws in North America to ensure that strict community standards and revenue generation from the alcohol retail monopoly are upheld. In April 2007, Ontario Member of Provincial Parliament Kim Craitor suggested that local brewers should be able to sell their beer in local corner stores; however, the motion was quickly rejected by Premier Dalton McGuinty.
The post-World War II period was one of exceptional prosperity and growth. Ontario, and the Greater Toronto Area in particular, have been the recipients of most immigration to Canada, largely immigrants from war-torn Europe in the 1950s and 1960s and after changes in federal immigration law, a massive influx of non-Europeans since the 1970s. From a largely ethnically British province, Ontario has rapidly become very culturally diverse.
The nationalist movement in Quebec, particularly after the election of the Parti Québécois in 1976, contributed to driving many businesses and English-speaking people out of Quebec to Ontario, and as a result Toronto surpassed Montreal as the largest city and economic centre of Canada. Depressed economic conditions in the Maritime Provinces have also resulted in de-population of those provinces in the 20th century, with heavy migration into Ontario.
Ontario has no official language, but English is considered the de facto language. Numerous French language services are available under the French Language Services Act of 1990 in designated areas where sizable francophone populations exist.
Demography[link]
Main article: Demographics of Ontario
The percentages add to more than 100% because of dual responses (e.g., "French and Canadian" response generates an entry in both the category "French Canadian" and the category "Canadian"). Groups with greater than 200,000 responses are included.
The majority of Ontarians are of English or other European descent. Slightly less than 5% of the population of Ontario is Franco-Ontarian, that is those whose native tongue is French, although those with French ancestry account for 11% of the population. In relation to natural increase or inter-provincial migration, immigration is a huge population growth force in Ontario, as it has been over the last two centuries. More recent sources of immigrants with large or growing communities in Ontario include Caribbeans, Asians, Latin Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Most populations have settled in the larger urban centres.
Ontario is the second most diverse province in terms of visible minorities after British Columbia, with 22.8% of the population consisting of visible minorities.[22] The Greater Toronto Area, Ottawa, Windsor, Hamilton and Waterloo Region are quite diverse metropolitan areas. Aboriginal peoples make up 2% of the population, with two-thirds of that consisting of North American Indians and the other third consisting of Métis. The number of Aboriginal people has been increasing at rates greater than the general population of Ontario.[23]
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Religion[link]
The largest denominations by number of adherents according to the 2001 census were the Roman Catholic Church with 3,866,350 (34%); the United Church of Canada with 1,334,570 (12%); and the Anglican Church of Canada with 985,110 (9%),[29] together representing over half of the population of the province.
The major religious groups in Ontario, as of 2001, are:[30]
File:Religion in Ontario.png
Religion in Ontario in 2001.[31]
| Religion | People | % |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 11,285,545 | 100 |
| Protestant | 3,935,745 | 34.9 |
| Catholic | 3,911,760 | 34.7 |
| No Religion | 1,841,290 | 16.3 |
| Muslim | 352,530 | 3.1 |
| Other Christians | 301,935 | 2.7 |
| Christian Orthodox | 264,055 | 2.3 |
| Hindu | 217,555 | 1.9 |
| Jewish | 190,795 | 1.7 |
| Buddhist | 128,320 | 1.1 |
| Sikh | 104,785 | 0.9 |
| Eastern Religions | 17,780 | 0.2 |
| Other Religions | 18,985 | 0.2 |
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Ontario
Ontario is Canada's leading manufacturing province, accounting for 52% of the total national manufacturing shipments in 2004.[32] Ontario's largest trading partner is the American state of Michigan. The government of Ontario posted a record C$21.3 billion ($20.7 billion) deficit for the 2009-10 fiscal year.[33] The province’s net debt will rise to C$220 billion in 2010-11, or a record 37% of gross domestic product.[33]
Ontario's rivers, including its share of the Niagara River, make it rich in hydroelectric energy.[34] In 2009 Ontario Power Generation generated 70% of the electricity of the province, of which 51% is nuclear, 39% is hydroelectric and 10% is fossil fuel derived.[35] Much of the newer power generation coming online in the last few years is natural gas or combined cycle natural gas plants. OPG is not however responsible for the transmission of power, which is under the control of Hydro One. Despite its diverse range of power options, problems related to increasing consumption, lack of energy efficiency and aging nuclear reactors, Ontario has been forced in recent years to purchase power from its neighbours Quebec and Michigan to supplement its power needs during peak consumption periods.
An abundance of natural resources, excellent transportation links to the American heartland and the inland Great Lakes making ocean access possible via container ships, have all contributed to making manufacturing the principal industry, found mainly in the Golden Horseshoe region, which is the largest industrialized area in Canada, the southern end of the region being part of the North American Rust Belt. Important products include motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, electrical appliances, machinery, chemicals, and paper. Ontario surpassed Michigan in car production, assembling 2.696 million vehicles in 2004. Ontario has Chrysler plants in Windsor and Bramalea, two GM plants in Oshawa and one in Ingersoll, a Honda assembly plant in Alliston, Ford plants in Oakville and St. Thomas and Toyota assembly plants in Cambridge and Woodstock.
However, as a result of steeply declining sales, in 2005, General Motors announced massive layoffs at production facilities across North America including two large GM plants in Oshawa and a drive train facility in St. Catharines resulting in 8,000 job losses in Ontario alone. In 2006, Ford Motor Company announced between 25,000 and 30,000 layoffs phased until 2012; Ontario was spared the worst, but job losses were announced for the St. Thomas facility and the Windsor Casting plant. However, these losses will be offset by Ford's recent announcement of a hybrid vehicle facility slated to begin production in 2007 at its Oakville plant and GM's re-introduction of the Camaro which will be produced in Oshawa. On December 4, 2008 Toyota announced the grand opening of the RAV4 plant in Woodstock,[36] and Honda also has plans to add an engine plant at its facility in Alliston. Despite these new plants coming online, Ontario has not yet fully recovered following massive layoffs caused by the global recession; its unemployment rate was 8.1% (as of October 2011),[37] compared to 8.7% in Jan. 2010[38] and roughly 6% in 2007.
Toronto, the capital of Ontario, is the centre of Canada's financial services and banking industry. Neighbouring cities forming part of the Greater Toronto Area, such as Brampton, Mississauga and Vaughan, are large product distribution and IT centres, in addition to having various manufacturing industries. The information technology sector is also important, particularly in the Silicon Valley North section of Ottawa, as well as the Waterloo Region, where the world headquarters of Research in Motion (the developers of the BlackBerry smartphone) is located. Providing more than 19% of the local jobs and employing more than 13% of the entire local population, Canada's Federal Government is by far the largest single employer in the National Capital Region, which centres on the border cities of Ontario's Ottawa and Quebec's Gatineau.[39][40] Hamilton is the largest steel manufacturing city in Canada, and Sarnia is the centre for petrochemical production. Construction continues to employ more than 6½% of the province's work force as of June 2011.[41]
Mining and the forest products industry, notably pulp and paper, are vital to the economy of Northern Ontario. More than any other region, tourism contributes heavily to the economy of Central Ontario, peaking during the summer months owing to the abundance of fresh water recreation and wilderness found there in reasonable proximity to the major urban centres. At other times of the year, hunting, skiing and snowmobiling are popular. This region has some of the most vibrant fall colour displays anywhere on the continent, and tours directed at overseas visitors are organized to see them. Tourism also plays a key role in border cities with large casinos, among them Windsor, Cornwall, Sarnia and Niagara Falls, which attract many U.S. visitors.[42]
Agriculture[link]
Once the dominant industry, agriculture occupies a small percentage of the population but still a large part of Southern Ontario's land area. As the following table shows, while the number of individual farms has steadily decreased and their overall size has shrunk at a lower rate, greater mechanization has supported increased supply to satisfy the ever increasing demands of a growing population base; this has also meant a gradual increase in the total amount of land used for growing crops.
| Ontario Farming | 1986 | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Farms | 72,713 | 68,633 | 67,520 | 59,728 | 57,211 | |
| Total | Hectares | 5,646,582 | 5,451,379 | 5,616,860 | 5,466,233 | 5,386,453 |
| Acres | 13,953,009 | 13,470,652 | 13,879,565 | 13,507,358 | 13,310,217 | |
| Planted Crops |
Hectares | 3,457,966 | 3,411,667 | 3,544,927 | 3,656,705 | 3,660,941 |
| Acres | 8,544,821 | 8,430,438 | 8,759,707 | 9,035,916 | 9,046,383 | |
| Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture.[43] | Wikipedia.org/Ontario | |||||
Cattle, small grains and dairy were the common types of farms in the 2001 census. The fruit and grape growing industry is located primarily on the Niagara Peninsula and along Lake Erie, where tobacco farms are also situated. Market Vegetables are also grown in the rich soils of the Holland Marsh near Newmarket.
The area susinctly defined as the Corn Belt covers much of the southwestern area of the province extending as far north as close to Goderich, but corn and soy are grown throughout the southern portion of the province. Apple orchards are a common sight along the southern shore of Nottawasaga Bay (part of Georgian Bay) near Collingwood and along the northern shore of Lake Ontario near Cobourg. Tobacco production, centred in Norfolk County has decreased leading to an increase in some other new crop alternatives gaining popularity, such as hazelnuts and ginseng. The Ontario origins of Massey Ferguson, once one of the largest farm implement manufacturers in the world, indicate the importance agriculture once had to the Canadian economy. Southern Ontario's limited supply of agricultural land is going out of production at an increasing rate. Urban sprawl and farmland severances contribute to the loss of thousands of acres of productive agricultural land in Ontario each year. Over 2,000 farms and 150,000 acres (61,000 ha) of farmland in the GTA alone were lost to production in the two decades between 1976 and 1996. This loss represented approximately 18% of Ontario's Class 1 farmland being converted to urban purposes. In addition, increasing rural severances provide ever-greater interference with agricultural production.
Energy[link]
The Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009 (GEA), takes a two-pronged approach to creating a renewable-energy economy. The first is to bring more renewable energy sources to the province and the second is the creation of more energy efficiency measures to help conserve energy. The bill would also appoint a Renewable Energy Facilitator to provide "one-window" assistance and support to project developers in order to facilitate project approvals.[44]
The approvals process for transmission projects would also be streamlined and for the first time in Ontario, the bill would enact standards for renewable energy projects. Homeowners would have access to incentives to develop small-scale renewables such as low- or no-interest loans to finance the capital cost of renewable energy generating facilities like solar panels.[44]
Ontario is home to Niagara Falls, which supplies a large amount of hydroelectricity for the province. The Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, the second largest nuclear power plant in the world, is also in Ontario and uses 8 CANDU reactors to generate electricity for the province.
Government and politics[link]
Further information: Monarchy in Ontario and Executive Council of Ontario
File:Ontario Wordmark 2007.svg
The wordmark of the Government of Ontario, featuring a stylized version of the provincial flower, the trillium. This wordmark was introduced in late 2007.
File:Ontario-wordmark.svg
The previous wordmark of the Government of Ontario, which was in use from the late-1960s until 2007 (apart from the lettering used here).
The British North America Act 1867 section 69 stipulated "There shall be a Legislature for Ontario consisting of the Lieutenant Governor and of One House, styled the Legislative Assembly of Ontario." The assembly has 107 seats representing ridings elected in a first-past-the-post system across the province.
The legislative buildings at Queen's Park in Toronto are the seat of government. Following the Westminster system, the leader of the party holding the most seats in the assembly is known as the "Premier and President of the Council" (Executive Council Act R.S.O. 1990). The Premier chooses the cabinet or Executive Council whose members are deemed "ministers of the Crown."
Although the Legislative Assembly Act (R.S.O. 1990) refers to members of the assembly", the legislators are now commonly called MPPs (Members of the Provincial Parliament) in English and députés de l'Assemblée législative in French, but they have also been called MLAs (Members of the Legislative Assembly), and both are acceptable. The title of Prime Minister of Ontario, correct in French (le Premier ministre), is permissible in English but now generally avoided in favour of the title "Premier" to avoid confusion with the Prime Minister of Canada.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Ontario
Ontario has numerous political parties which run for election. Three political parties dominate election results: the Conservatives,Liberals,and NDP. In the last few decades the liberal Ontario Liberal Party, conservative Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, and social-democratic Ontario New Democratic Party have all ruled the province at different times.
Ontario is currently under a Liberal government headed by Premier Dalton McGuinty. The present government, first elected in 2003, was re-elected on October 10, 2007. On October 6, 2011, the Ontario Liberal Party won a third mandate, although it lost seats and was reduced to a minority government capturing only 53 seats (as opposed to the 71 it won in 2007), with the Progressive Conservatives and NDP winning 37 seats and 17 seats, respectively.
In the 2011 Canadian federal election in Ontario the Conservatives were elected in 73 ridings, 22 went to the NDP, and 11 to the Liberals. The Green Party did not get a candidate elected in Ontario.
Urban areas[link]
Statistics Canada's measure of a "metro area", the Census Metropolitan Area (CMA), roughly bundles together population figures from the core municipality with those from "commuter" municipalities.[45]
| CMA (largest other included municipalities in brackets) | 2001 | 2006 | % Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto CMA (Mississauga, Brampton, Pickering) | 4,682,897 | 5,113,149 | 9.2% |
| Ottawa CMA (Gatineau, Clarence-Rockland)* | 1,067,800* | 1,130,761* | 5.9% |
| Hamilton CMA (Burlington, Grimsby) | 662,401 | 692,911 | 4.6% |
| London CMA (St. Thomas, Strathroy-Caradoc) | 435,600 | 457,720 | 5.1% |
| Kitchener CMA (Cambridge, Waterloo) | 414,284 | 451,235 | 8.9% |
| St. Catharines CMA (Niagara Falls, Welland) | 377,009 | 390,317 | 3.5% |
| Oshawa CMA (Whitby, Clarington) | 296,298 | 330,594 | 11.6% |
| Windsor CMA (Lakeshore, LaSalle) | 307,877 | 323,342 | 5.0% |
| Barrie CMA (Innisfil, Springwater) | 148,480 | 177,061 | 19.2% |
| Sudbury CMA (Whitefish Lake, Wanapitei Reserve) | 155,601 | 158,258 | 1.7% |
| Kingston CMA | 146,838 | 152,358 | 3.8% |
*Parts of Quebec (including Gatineau) are included in the Ottawa CMA. The entire population of the Ottawa CMA, in both provinces, is shown.
- Ten largest municipalities by population[25]
| Municipality | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Toronto (Provincial capital) | &100000000023854210000002,385,421 | &100000000024814940000002,481,494 | &100000000025032810000002,503,281 |
| Ottawa (National capital) | &10000000000721136000000721,136 | &10000000000774072000000774,072 | &10000000000812129000000812,129 |
| Mississauga | &10000000000544382000000544,382 | &10000000000612925000000612,925 | &10000000000668549000000668,549 |
| Hamilton | &10000000000467799000000467,799 | &10000000000490268000000490,268 | &10000000000504559000000504,559 |
| Brampton | &10000000000268251000000268,251 | &10000000000325428000000325,428 | &10000000000433806000000433,806 |
| London | &10000000000325669000000325,669 | &10000000000336539000000336,539 | &10000000000352395000000352,395 |
| Markham | &10000000000173383000000173,383 | &10000000000208615000000208,615 | &10000000000261573000000261,573 |
| Vaughan | &10000000000132549000000132,549 | &10000000000182022000000182,022 | &10000000000238866000000238,866 |
| Windsor | &10000000000197694000000197,694 | &10000000000209218000000209,218 | &10000000000216473000000216,473 |
| Kitchener | &10000000000178420000000178,420 | &10000000000190399000000190,399 | &10000000000204668000000204,668 |
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Ontario
Higher education[link]
Main article: Higher education in Ontario
See also: List of colleges in Ontario and List of universities in Ontario
Culture[link]
Songs and slogans[link]
During the John Robarts government of the 1960s, the slogan "Is There Any Other Place You'd Rather Be?" was in use to promote tourism. During a blizzard early in 1971, highway travellers who were stranded at a Highway 401 service centre with Premier Robarts (already in his last months of office) asked him the slogan in an ironic twist.
In 1967, in conjunction with the celebration of Canada's centennial, the song "A Place to Stand" was introduced at the inauguration of Ontario's pavilion at the Expo 67 World's Fair, and became the background for the province's advertising for decades.
In 1973 the first slogan to appear on licence plates in Ontario was "Keep It Beautiful". This was replaced by "Yours to Discover" in 1982,[46] apparently inspired by a tourism slogan, "Discover Ontario," dating back to 1927.[47] Plates with the French equivalent, "Tant à découvrir", were made available to the public beginning in May 2008.[48] (From 1988 to 1990,[49] "Ontario Incredible"[50] gave "Yours to Discover" a brief respite.)
In 2007, a new song replaced "A Place to Stand" after four decades. "There's No Place Like This" is featured in current television advertising, performed by Ontario artists including Molly Johnson, Brian Byrne, Keshia Chanté,[51] as well as Tomi Swick and Arkells. The new song is featured on the Ontario Tourism website.
Notable residents[link]
Please see List of people from Ontario.
Transportation[link]
Historically, the province has used two major east-west routes, both starting from Montreal in the neighbouring province of Quebec. The northerly route, which was mostly pioneered by early fur traders, travels west from Montreal along the Ottawa River, then continues northwestward towards Manitoba. Major cities on or near the route include Ottawa, North Bay, Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, and Thunder Bay. The southerly route, which was driven by growth in settlements originated by the United Empire Loyalists and later other European immigrants, travels southwest from Montreal along the St. Lawrence River, Lake Ontario, and Lake Erie before entering the United States in Michigan. Major cities on or near the route include Kingston, Oshawa, Toronto, Mississauga, Kitchener-Waterloo, Hamilton, London, Sarnia, and Windsor. This route was also heavily used by immigrants to the Midwestern US particularly in the late 19th century.
Roads[link]
Main article: Roads in Ontario
400-Series Highways make up the primary vehicular network in the south of province, and they connect to numerous border crossings with the U.S., the busiest being the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel and Ambassador Bridge (via Highway 401) and the Blue Water Bridge (via Highway 402). The primary highway along the southern route is Highway 401/Highway of Heroes, the busiest highway in North America[52][53] and the backbone of Ontario's road network, tourism, and economy,[52][53] while the primary highways across the north are Highway 417/Highway 17 and Highway 11, both part of the Trans-Canada Highway. Highway 400/Highway 69 connects Toronto to Northern Ontario. Other provincial highways and regional roads inter-connect the remainder of the province.
Waterways[link]
The Saint Lawrence Seaway, which extends across most of the southern portion of the province and connects to the Atlantic Ocean, is the primary water transportation route for cargo, particularly iron ore and grain. In the past, the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River were also a major passenger transportation route, but over the past half century passenger travel has been reduced to ferry services and sightseeing cruises.
Railways[link]
Via Rail operates the inter-regional passenger train service on the Quebec City – Windsor Corridor, along with The Canadian, a transcontinental rail service from Toronto to Vancouver, and the Sudbury – White River train. Additionally, Amtrak rail connects Ontario with key New York cities including Buffalo, Albany, and New York City. Ontario Northland provides rail service to destinations as far north as Moosonee near James Bay, connecting them with the south.
Freight rail is dominated by the founding cross-country Canadian National Railway and CP Rail companies, which during the 1990s sold many short rail lines from their vast network to private companies operating mostly in the south.
Regional commuter rail is limited to the provincially owned GO Transit, and serves a trainbus network spanning the Golden Horseshoe region, with its hub in Toronto.
The Toronto Transit Commission operates the province's only subway and streetcar system, one of the busiest in North America. OC Transpo operates, in addition to bus service, the O-Train Light rail line in Ottawa. Current plans also invision a light-rail metro in Ottawa.
Air travel[link]
Toronto Pearson International Airport is the nation's busiest and the world's 29th busiest, handling over 30 million passengers per year. Other important airports include Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport and Hamilton's John C. Munro Hamilton International Airport, which is an important courier and freight aviation centre. Toronto/Pearson and Ottawa/Macdonald-Cartier form two of the three points in Canada's busiest set of air routes (the third point is Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport).
Most Ontario cities have regional airports, many of which have scheduled commuter flights from Air Canada Jazz or smaller airlines and charter companies — flights from the larger cities such as Thunder Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, North Bay, Timmins, Windsor, London, and Kingston feed directly into Toronto Pearson. Bearskin Airlines also runs flights along the northerly east-west route, connecting Ottawa, North Bay, Sudbury, Sault Ste. Marie, Kitchener and Thunder Bay directly without requiring connections at Toronto Pearson.
Isolated towns and settlements in the northern areas of the province rely partly or entirely on air service for travel, goods, and even ambulance services (MEDIVAC), since much of the far northern area of the province cannot be reached by road or rail.
See also[link]
| Lists | ||
| Law | ||
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Canada's provinces and territories total area, land area and water area.". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/phys01.htm. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statcan.gc.ca. January 24, 2012. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table-Tableau.cfm?LANG=Eng&T=101&S=50&O=A. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
- ^ "Ontario Financial Authority: About Ontario". ofina.on.ca. http://www.ofina.on.ca/ontario/aboutontario.htm. Retrieved August 24, 2011.
- ^ "Ontario." Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed. 2003. (ISBN 0-87779-809-5) New York: Merriam-Webster, Inc."
- ^ Ontario is located in the geographic eastern half of Canada, but it has historically and politically been considered to be part of Central Canada (along with Manitoba).
- ^ "Ontario is the largest province in the country by population". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/cgi-bin/getcans/sorth.cgi?lan=eng&dtype=fina&filename=demo02a.htm&sortact=2&sortf=6. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "Population of census metropolitan areas (2001 Census boundaries)". Statistics Canada. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo05a.htm. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ Mithun, Marianne (2000). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 312.
- ^ "About Canada // Ontario". Study Canada. pp. Last Paragraph-second last sentence. http://www.studycanada.ca/english/about-ont.htm. Retrieved April 23, 2011. "The name "Ontario" is generally thought to be derived from the Iroquois word Skanadario, meaning "beautiful water""
- ^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2010/12/08/snow-storm-ontario.html
- ^ Mills, David (1877). Report on the Boundaries of the Province of Ontario. Toronto: Hunter, Rose & Co.. p. 347. http://books.google.com/books?id=BlYCAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
- ^ "Early Districts and Counties 1788-1899". Archives of Ontario. September 5, 2006. http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/english/on-line-exhibits/maps/ontario-districts.aspx. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "About Ontario; History: Government of Ontario". http://www.gov.on.ca/ont/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_252/_s.7_0_A/7_0_252/_l/en?docid=EC001034. Retrieved January 5, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Native America on the Eve of Contact". Digital History.
- ^ "Étienne Brûlé's article on Encyclopædia Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9016763/Etienne-Brule. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ a b "About Ontario; History; French and British Struggle for Domination". Government of Ontario. http://www.gov.on.ca/ont/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_252/_s.7_0_A/7_0_252/_l/en?docid=004520. Retrieved January 5, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "The Contact Period". Ontarioarchaeology.on.ca.
- ^ "The Treaty of Paris (1763)". http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_%281763%29. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ "The Quebec Act of 1774". http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/qa_1774.html. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
- ^ "The Constitutional Act of 1791". Archived from the original on August 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829152801/http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~sprague/con91.htm. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
- ^ Virtual Vault, an online exhibition of Canadian historical art at Library and Archives Canada
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". 2.statcan.ca. April 2, 2008. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Table=1&Data=Dist&StartRec=1&Sort=5&Display=Page&CSDFilter=5000. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
- ^ StatCan - Native Population
- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables, 2006 Census". Statistics Canada. April 2, 2008. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/hlt/97-562/pages/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
- ^ a b "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada, 2006 Census of Population. March 13, 2007. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=302&SR=1&S=3&O=D&RPP=25&PR=35. Retrieved March 13, 2007.
- ^ "Population urban and rural, by province and territory (Ontario)". Statistics Canada. September 1, 2005. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo62g.htm. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Canada's population". The Daily. Statistics Canada. September 27, 2006. http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/060927/d060927a.htm. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Selected Ethnic Origins1, for Canada, Provinces and Territories - 20% Sample Data". Statistics Canada. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/ETO/Table1.cfm?Lang=E&T=501&GV=1&GID=35. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ^ "Selected Religions, for Canada, Provinces and Territories - 20% Sample Data". 2.statcan.ca. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/Religion/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&View=1a&Code=35&Table=1&StartRec=1&Sort=2&B1=35&B2=All. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census) (Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan)". Statistics Canada. January 25, 2005. http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/cst01/demo30b.htm. Retrieved November 7, 2006.
- ^ Statistics Canada "2001 Community Profiles". Statistics Canada. December 14, 2006. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=PR&Code1=35&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=ontario&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
- ^ Government of Ontario. "Ontario Facts: Overview". Archived from the original on January 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070129072416/http://www.2ontario.com/facts/fact01.asp. Retrieved January 5, 2007.
- ^ a b "[http:/=/www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aXMgXLp.uQLY Ontario to Sell C$39.7 Billion in Debt to Fund Gap (Update1)]". Bloomberg.com. March 25, 2010.
- ^ "Ontario is rich in hydroelectricity, especially areas near the Niagara River". Ontario Facts. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070218231700/http://www.2ontario.com/welcome/oout_508.asp. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
- ^ "Ontario Power Generation: Power Generation". Opg.com. http://www.opg.com/power/. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ "Toyota's opening a new chapter in Woodstock's industrial history". Woodstocksentinelreview.com. http://woodstocksentinelreview.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1346620. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Economic indicators, by province and territory (monthly and quarterly) - (Ontario)", June 2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Labour force, employed and unemployed, numbers and rates, by province - (Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba)", 2010, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Federal government employment, wages and salaries, by census metropolitan area - (Employment)", 2006 - 2010, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Labour force characteristics, unadjusted, by census metropolitan area (3 month moving average) - (Ottawa-Gatineau (Ont.-Que.), Ottawa (Ont.)-Gatineau (Que.), Ontario part, Ottawa (Ont.)-Gatineau (Que.), Quebec part)", 2010/2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Employment by major industry groups, seasonally adjusted, by province (monthly) - (Ontario)", June 2011, Statistics Canada
- ^ "Ontario". Ministry of Economic Development and Trade. Archived from the original on October 24, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024224855/http://www.2ontario.com/welcome/oo_000.asp. Retrieved November 29, 2006.
- ^ "Total farm area, land tenure and land in crops, by province (Census of Agriculture, 1986 to 2006) — (Ontario)", Statistics Canada, 2008-10-31, Retrieved 2011-07-30
- ^ a b "Ontario Unveils Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009". Renewableenergyworld.com. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2009/02/ontario-unveils-green-energy-and-green-economy-act-2009?cmpid=WNL-Friday-February27-2009. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ Statistics Canada "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2006 and 2001 censuses - 100% data". Statistics Canada. November 5, 2008. http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=202&PR=35&S=0&O=A&RPP=50 Statistics Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
- ^ "Ontario". 15q.net. February 24, 2007. http://www.15q.net/on.html. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ "| Library | University of Waterloo". Lib.uwaterloo.ca. http://www.lib.uwaterloo.ca/locations/umd/cart/ont_road_chart.html. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ "New French Slogan Licence Plate for Passenger Vehicles". Government of Ontario. June 10, 2010. http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/vehicle/frenchplate/frenchplate.shtml. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
- ^ "Official Ontario Road Maps Produced 1971-2006". Ontarioroadmaps.ca. http://www.ontarioroadmaps.ca/Official_Ontario/Official_Maps_producedB.htm. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ "Measuring the Returns to Tourism Advertising". Jtr.sagepub.com. August 1, 1998. http://jtr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/12. Retrieved September 16, 2011.
- ^ "There's more to discover in Ontario". Ontariotravel.net. http://www.ontariotravel.net/TcisCtrl?site=consumers&key1=home&language=EN&modus=otsplmen01. Retrieved October 17, 2010.
- ^ a b c Ministry of Transportation (Ontario) (August 6, 2002). "Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401". Archived from the original on September 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070914064434/http://ogov.newswire.ca/ontario/GPOE/2002/08/06/c0057.html?lmatch=&lang=_e.html. Retrieved December 20, 2006.
- ^ a b c Brian Gray (April 10, 2004). "GTA Economy Dinged by Every Crash on the 401 - North America's Busiest Freeway". Toronto Sun, transcribed at Urban Planet. http://www.urbanplanet.org/forums/index.php?showtopic=3459. Retrieved March 18, 2007. "The "phenomenal" number of vehicles on Hwy. 401 as it cuts through Toronto makes it the busiest freeway in the world..."
References[link]
- Michael Sletcher, 'Ottawa', in James Ciment, ed., Colonial America: An Encyclopedia of Social, Political, Cultural, and Economic History, (5 vols., M. E. Sharpe, New York, 2006).
- Virtual Vault, an online exhibition of Canadian historical art at Library and Archives Canada
Further reading[link]
Main article: Bibliography of Ontario
- Beckett, Harry (2001). Ontario. Weigl. ISBN 189699085. http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Jx0lQMN53sC&lpg=PA1&dq=Ontario&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- White, Randall (1985). Ontario, 1610-1985 : a political and economic history. Dundurn Press. ISBN 0-919670-98-9. http://books.google.ca/books?id=i_H444blkDgC&lpg=PP1&dq=Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Montigny, Edgar-André; Chambers,, Anne Lorene (2000). Ontario since Confederation : a reader. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-4444-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=oSfenc15ISUC&lpg=PA3&dq=Ontario&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true.
- Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History: Proceedings of the Celebrating One Thousand Years of Ontario's History Symposium, April 14, 15 and 16, 2000. Ontario Historical Society, 2000. 343 pp.
- Baskerville, Peter A. Sites of Power: A Concise History of Ontario. Oxford U. Press., 2005. 296 pp. (first edition was Ontario: Image, Identity and Power, 2002). online review
- Chambers, Lori, and Edgar-Andre Montigny, eds. Ontario Since Confederation: A Reader (2000), articles by scholars
- Winfield, Mark S. Blue-Green Province: The Environment and the Political Economy of Ontario (University of British Columbia Press; 2012) 296 pages; environmental policies since 1945
External links[link]
| Find more about Ontario on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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- Canadian Government Atlas - Official Map of Ontario.
- CBC Digital Archives - Ontario Elections: Twenty Tumultuous Years
- Government of Ontario - Official website of the Provincial government.
- Ontario Visual Heritage Project - Non-profit documentary project about Ontario's history
- Tourism Ontario - Official tourism website of the Province of Ontario
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Coordinates: 50°42′N 86°3′W / 50.7°N 86.05°W / 50.7; -86.05 (Ontario)
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