Campanile redirects here, for other uses see Campanile (disambiguation)

Belfry

A bell tower (also belfry) is a tower which contains one or more bells, or which is designed to hold bells, even if it has none. In the European tradition, such a tower most commonly serves as part of a church and contains church bells. Modern bell towers often contain carillons.

The term Campanile (Italian pronunciation: [kampaˈniːle], English: /ˌkæmpəˈniːliː/) is synonymous with 'bell tower'; in American English it tends to be used to refer to free standing bell towers; the term is Italian, deriving from the word 'campana' meaning bell.

When attached to a city hall or other civic building, especially in continental Europe, it is often named "belfry". Elsewhere, the term "belfry" refers strictly to the part of the tower which contains the bells. Thus some bell towers have no belfry.

Old bell towers may be kept for their historic or iconic value, though in countries with a strong campanological tradition they often continue to serve their original purposes as well.

Bell towers are common in China and countries of the related cultures, where they may appear both as part of a temple complex and as an independent civic building. The tallest free-standing bell tower in the world is the Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, located at the University of Birmingham, UK; it is approximately 110m tall.^[1][2]

Purpose[link]

The Santo Tomás parish church in Haro, La Rioja has an exconjuratory in its bell tower

The bell is rung to signify the time, to call people to worship, for special events such as weddings and funerals, or historically to sound a civil defense or fire alarm.

Bell towers may also contain carillons or chimes, musical instruments traditionally composed of large bells which are sounded by cables, chains, or cords connected to a keyboard. These can be found in many churches in Europe and America and at some college and university campuses.^[3] In modern constructions that do not qualify as carillons, rather than using heavy bells the sound may be produced by the striking of small metal rods whose vibrations are amplified electronically and sounded through loudspeakers. Simulated carillon systems have also used recordings or samplings of bells onto vinyl record, tape, compact disc, or memory chips.^[4]

Some churches have an exconjuratory in the bell tower, a space where ceremonies were conducted to ward off weather related calamities, like storms and excessive rain. The main bell tower of the Cathedral of Murcia has four.

[edit] Etymology: belfry

The word belfry comes from Old French berfrei which is derived from Germanic *bergan "to protect" and *frithuz "peace"; that is, it was originally a watch tower providing protection against hostile incursions. In larger towns, watchmen in these towers were also on the lookout for fires. Though flags were used by the watchmen for communication, these towers usually contained an alarm bell or bells built into a Bell-Cot, thus Middle English speakers thought berfrei had something to do with bells: they altered it to belfry, an interesting example of the process of folk etymology.^[5] Today's Dutch belfort seems to combine the term "bell" with the term "stronghold", while the Dutch term klokkenstoel (bell-chair) refers only to the construction of the hanging system, or the way the bell or bells are installed within the tower.

Distribution[link]

Historic belfries exist throughout Europe. The Irish round towers are thought to have functioned in part as bell towers. Famous medieval European examples include Bruges (Belfry of Bruges), Ypres (Cloth Hall, Ypres), Ghent (Belfry of Ghent). In 1999 thirty-two Belgian belfries were added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites. In 2005 this list was extended with one Belgian and twenty-three French belfries and is since known as Belfries of Belgium and France. Most of these were attached to civil buildings, mainly city halls, as symbols of the greater power the cities in the region got in the Middle Ages; a small number of buildings not connected with a belfry, such as bell towers of—or with their—churches, occur also on this same list (details). In the Middle Ages, cities sometimes kept their important documents in belfries. Not all are on a large scale; the "bell" tower of Katúň, in Slovakia, is typical of the many more modest structures which were once common in country areas. Archaic wooden bell towers survive adjoining churches in Lithuania and as well as in some parts of Poland.

In orthodox eastern Europe bell ringing also had a strong cultural significance (Russian Orthodox bell ringing), and churches were constructed with bell towers (see also List of tall Orthodox Bell towers).

Bell towers (Chinese: Zhonglou, Japanese: Shōrō) are common in China and the countries of the related cultures. They may appear both as part of a temple complex and as an independent civic building, often paired with a drum tower, as well as in local church buildings. Among the best known examples are the Bell Tower (Zhonglou) of Beijing and the Bell Tower of Xi'an.

In the modern period bell towers have been built throughout the western world as follies, memorials and as decorative-iconic monuments - being common on University campuses, and other civic institutions.

Bell towers by date

Old Belfry of Todaiji, Japan (752, rebuilt 1200)   An Irish round tower, bell tower, at Glendalough, Ireland, c. 900 AD   Primitive bell tower at Katúň, Slovakia (~12th Century)   Separate Bell-tower at Feock Church, Cornwall (13th Century)   Inside the belfry of St Medard & St Gildard's, England (13th C.)   Beijing Bell Tower (1272, reconstructed 1420, 1800)   Bell Tower of Xi'an (1384)   Belfry of Aalst, Belgium (1460)   Ivan The Great Bell Tower, Moscow, Russia (1508)   The belfry of Surb Zoravor church in Yerevan, Armenia (1693)   Great Lavra Belltower of Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Ukraine (1745)   Belfry of Bruges, Belgium (1240) (modified 1480s, 1820)   Belfry of Lille, France (1921)   The Campanile at the University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (1950)   The bell tower at University of California, Riverside (1960s)   'Swan Bells', Perth, Western Australia (2000)

See also[link]

• Bats in the belfry
• Bell-gable
• Conjuratory
• Zvonnitsa

References[link]

External links[link]

• Panoramic view from the bell tower in Chamaret, France

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bell towers

• The Campanile at the University of California, Berkeley
• Belfries of Belgium and France - UNESCO World Heritage Centre entry
• Les Beffrois - France, Belgique, Pays-Bas
• Belltower Chapel

v t e Bells Background and terminology bell bellfounding bell tower / campanile bell-ringer campanology church bell ring of bells strike tone zvonnitsa Bell founders and foundries Andrey Chokhov Bilbie family Franciscus Illenfeld Geert van Wou Gillett & Johnston John Taylor & Co Kashpir Ganusov McShane Bell Foundry Meneely Bell Foundry Petit & Fritsen Royal Eijsbouts bell foundry Whitechapel Bell Foundry Types agogô altar bell babendil bianzhong carillon chime cowbell crotal bell dead bell doorbell dōtaku glockenspiel handbell jingle bell kane pyeonjong singing bowl suzu tintinnabulum tubular bells Bellringing bell pattern Blagovest Bolognese bell ringing art change ringing Canpanò Doubles (bells) Grandsire method ringing peal Russian Orthodox bell ringing Veronese bellringing art Notable bells List of heaviest bells Balangiga bells Big Ben Great Bell of Dhammazedi Liberty Bell Mingun Bell Sigismund Bell St. Petersglocke Swan Bells Tom Tower Tsar Bell World Peace Bell

Matthew Arnold (born 22 December 1961) is a TV reporter based in London, England.

Born in Derry, Northern Ireland, Arnold was educated at Gresham's School in Norfolk from 1975 to 1980. He then backpacked around the world before joining the Royal Navy in 1986 as an Aircrew Officer, flying in Lynx helicopters. His five-year commission in the Navy came to an end in 1991

He then worked as a runner on the ITV daytime quiz show Talk About, before returning to college to study journalism at Highbury College in Hampshire.

His next job was with Capital Radio's Flying Eye in 1993, in which he navigated Londoners through traffic for two years.

In 1995 Arnold became one of the first presenters on the new national cable television channel L!VE TV, covering showbiz and sport stories. In 1996 he joined HTV as a sports presenter and in 1999 was promoted to be the HTV news presenter for documentaries and magazine shows. He next became a sports reporter at Sky News and in 2002 presented a special two-part documentary on the Glastonbury Festival for ITV. In 2003 he began with GMTVas their Northern Correspondent, relocating to London in 2007 before leaving the show in 2010.

He sings in a band called The Intelligence Men, which has released two singles. He lives with his wife Dominique (married 2005) and baby son in Surrey. In 2009 They had twins (a boy and a girl) and in 2010 moved to Cambridgeshire after GMTV ended. Matt is now a freelance journalist and film-maker working for the BBC and corporate clients.

External links[link]

• Matt Arnold at gm.tv

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