Saint Faith
Medieval depiction of the martyrdom of St. Faith
Born	Agen
Died	3rd-4th Century France
Honored in	Roman Catholicism, Anglican Communion
Major shrine	Conques
Feast	October 6
Attributes	gridiron; rods; sword[1]
Patronage	pilgrims; prisoners; soldiers[1]

Saint Faith (Latin Sancta Fides, French Sainte Foy, Spanish Santa Fe) is a saint who is said to have been a girl or young woman of Agen in Aquitaine. Her legend recounts how she was arrested during persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire and refused to make pagan sacrifices even under torture. Saint Faith was tortured to death with a red-hot brazier. Her death is sometimes said to have occurred in the year 287 or 290, sometimes in the large-scale persecution under Diocletian beginning in 303. She is listed as Sainte Foy, "Virgin and Martyr", in the martyrologies.

The center of her veneration was transferred to the Abbey of Sainte-Foy, Conques, where her relics arrived in the ninth century, stolen from Agen by a monk from the Abbey nearby at Conques.

Legends[link]

A number of legends later grew up about her, and she was confused with the three legendary sisters known as Faith, Hope, and Charity.^[2] She is recorded in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum under October 6, but the date of her death is not given.^[3] A Passio, now lost, once existed, and appears in summarized form in the ninth-century martyrology of Florus of Lyon.^[3]

Her legends portray her as a patron who could turn against those who only gave small donations to her church at Conques.^[2]

Her popular^[4] hagiography, liber miraculorum sancte fidis,^[5] attributed to the churchman Bernard of Angers (composed between ca 1013-after 1020), calls miracles associated with Faith joca –Latin for "tricks" or "jokes," the kind that "the inhabitants of the place call Sainte Foy's jokes, which is the way peasants understand such things."^[6] One such joke was the following story: a local castellan holds onto a ring that his dying wife had promised to the saint. The castellan, whose name is Austrin, uses the ring, however, to wed his second wife. Saint Faith causes the finger of the second wife to swell up in unbearable pain. Austrin and his new wife visit the saint's shrine, and on the third night, "when the sorrowful woman happened to blow her nose, the ring flew off without hurting her fingers, just as if it had been hurled from the strongest siege engine, and gave a sharp crack on the pavement at a great distance."^[7]

The Cançó de Santa Fe, celebrating Saint Faith in 593 octosyllabic lines, is the earliest written work in the Catalan language, set down during the reign of Ramon Berenguer I, Count of Barcelona, between 1054 and 1076, It was primarily based on a now lost Latin Passio sanctorum Fidis et Caprisii.

Ninth-century reliquary of Saint Faith at Conques

Veneration[link]

During the 12th century,^{[verification needed]} Faith's cult was fused with that of Caprasius of Agen (Caprais) and Alberta of Agen, both associated with Agen.^[8] Caprasius' cult in turn was also fused with that of Primus and Felician, who are called Caprasius' brothers.^[9]

One legend states that during the persecutions of Christians by the prefect Dacian, Caprasius fled to Mont-Saint-Vincent, near Agen. He witnessed the execution of Faith from atop the hill. Caprasius was condemned to death, and was joined on his way to execution by Alberta, Faith's sister (also identified as Caprasius' mother^[9]), and two brothers, named Primus and Felician. All four were beheaded.

In the fifth century, Dulcitius, bishop of Agen, ordered the construction of a basilica dedicated to her, later restored in the 8th century and enlarged in the 15th. It was demolished in 1892 due to an urban planning effort at Agen.^[3]

However, the center of her cult was not the basilica but the abbatial church at Conques.^[3] In the year 866, her remains had been transferred to Conques, which was along the pilgrimage route to Compostela. Her cult, centered at the Abbatiale Sainte-Foy de Conques, spread along the pilgrim routes on the Way of St. James – and beyond, for her cult became popular in England, Italy, and South America.^[2]

The gilded reliquary at Conques (illustration, left) was described in Bernard of Angers's Book of Miracles of Sainte Foi, about 1010. It has since been repeatedly adapted and enriched, into the nineteenth century. The head itself, made of a different gold from the body— which is fashioned of thin plates over a yew wood— has been tentatively identified as an imperial portrait of the Later Roman Empire. Thomas Hoving, former director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, has alternately theorized that the life-size golden face is a portrait or death mask of Charlemagne.^[10]

Part of her relics were moved to the monastery of Sant Cugat in Catalonia in 1365.However, the reliquary can be seen in the Abbey at Conques, in France.^[1] Important churches were also dedicated to her at Conches-en-Ouche in Normandy and at Sélestat, in Alsace (see St. Faith's Church, Sélestat).^[3][11]

• 

  Reliquary bust of Saint Faith

• 

  Heraldic arms attributed to St. Faith in late medieval England. (Click on image for explanation and larger version.)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Saint Faith

• Patron Saints: Saint Faith
• (Italian) Santa Fede di Agen
• (English) Saint Faith of Agen

References[link]

Blessed Pedro Calungsod
Sacristan, Missionary, Catechist, and Martyr
Born	c. 1655 Cebu, Philippines
Died	2 April 1672 (aged 17-18)[1] Tumon, Guam
Honored in	Roman Catholic Church
Beatified	5 March 2000, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City by Blessed Pope John Paul II
Major shrine	Archdiocesan Shrine of Blessed Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's residence compound, Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines
Feast	2 April[2]
Attributes	Martyr's palm, spear, bolo, Catechism book, Rosary, Christogram, Crucifix
Patronage	Filipino youth, Catechumens, altar boys, the Philippines, Overseas Filipino Workers, Guam, Cebuanos, Visayans, Archdiocese of Cebu, Philippines.

Pedro Calungsod (c. 1654^[1] – 2 April 1672) was a young Roman Catholic Filipino migrant, sacristan and missionary catechist, who along with Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores, suffered religious persecution and martyrdom on Guam for their missionary work in 1672. Through Calungsod and San Vitores' missionary efforts, many native Chamorros converted to Roman Catholicism. Calungsod was beatified on 5 March 2000 by Blessed Pope John Paul II. On 18 February 2012, Pope Benedict XVI officially announced that Calungsod will be canonised on 21 October 2012.^[3]

Early years and Missionary work[link]

Mariana of Austria, Queen of Spain, the benefactress of the mission to the Ladrones Islands.

Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Spanish records) was born ca. 1655. Historical records never mentioned his exact place of origin and merely identified him as "Bisaya." Historical research, however, identifies Cebu as his birthplace.^[4]

Few details of his early life prior to missionary work and death are known. It is probable that he received basic education at a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the Catechism and learning to communicate in Spanish. He likely honed his skills in drawing, painting, singing, acting, and carpentry as these were necessary in missionary work. Calungsod would have been expected to have some aptitude in serving in the Tridentine Mass (now known as the Extraordinary form of the Roman Rite).

Calungsod, then around 14, was among the exemplary young catechists chosen to accompany the Jesuits in their mission to the Ladrones Islands (Islas de los Ladrones or “Isles of Thieves”). In 1668, Calungsod travelled with Spanish Jesuit missionaries to these islands, renamed the [[the Marianas Islands (Las Islas de Mariana) the year before in honour of both the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the Queen Regent of Spain, María Ana of Austria, who funded their voyage. Calungsod and San Vitores went to Guam to catechise the native Chamorros.^[5]

Missionary life was difficult as provisions did not arrive regularly, the jungles and terrain was difficult to traverse, and the islands were frequently devastated by typhoons. Despite all these, the mission persevered, and was able to convert a significant number of locals.^[6]

Martyrdom[link]

A Chinese merchant named Choco began spreading rumours that the baptismal water used by missionaries was poisonous. As some sickly Chamorro infants who were baptised eventually died, many believed the story and held the missionaries responsible. Choco was readily supported by the macanjas (medicine men) and the urritaos (young males) who despised the missionaries.

In their search for a runaway companion named Esteban, Calungsod and San Vitores came to the village of Tumon, Guam on 2 April 1672. There they learnt that the wife of the village chief Mata'pang gave birth to a daughter, and they immediately went to baptise the child. Influenced by the calumnies of Choco, the chief strongly opposed;^[7] to give Mata'pang some time to calm down, the missionaries gathered the children and some adults of the village at the nearby shore and started chanting with them the tenets of the Catholic religion. They invited Mata'pang to join them, but he shouted back that he was angry with God and was fed up with Christian teachings.

Determined to kill the missionaries, Mata'pang went away and tried to enlist another villager, named Hirao, who was not a Christian. Hirao initially refused, mindful of the missionaries' kindness towards the natives, but when Mata'pang branded him a coward, he became piqued and capitulated. Meanwhile, during that brief absence of Mata'pang from his hut, San Vitores and Calungsod baptised the baby girl, with the consent of her Christian mother.

When Mata'pang learnt of his daughter's baptism, he became even more furious. He violently hurled spears first at Pedro, who was able to dodge the spears. Witnesses claim that Calungsod could have escaped the attack, but did not want to leave San Vitores alone. Those who knew Calungsod personally meanwhile believed that he could have defeated the aggressors with weapons; San Vitores however banned his companions to carry arms. Calungsod was hit in the chest by a spear and he fell to the ground, then Hirao immediately charged towards him and finished him off with machete blow to the head. San Vitores absolved Calungsod before he too was killed..

Mata'pang took San Vitores' crucifix and pounded it with a stone whilst blaspheming God. Both assassins then denuded the corpses of Calungsod and San Vitroes, tied large stones to their feet, brought them out to sea on their proas and threw them into the water.^[8]

In the Roman Catholic Church, Calungsod's martyrdom is called In Odium Fidei or In Hatred of the Faith, referring to the religious persecution endured by the person in evangelisation.^[9][10]

Beatification[link]

Banner by Filipino artist Rafael del Casal depicting Calungsod during the beatification rites in Vatican City, 2000.

A year after the martyrdom of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores. Political and religious turmoil, however, delayed and halted the process. When Hagåtña was preparing for its 20th anniversary as a diocese in 1981, the 1673 beatification cause of Padre Diego Luís de San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and revived until San Vitores was finally beatified on 6 October 1985. This gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for his own beatification.^[11]

In 1994, then-Cebu Archbishop Ricardo Cardinal Vidal asked permission from the Vatican to initiate the beatification and canonisation cause of Pedro Calungsod. In March 1997, the Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints approved the acta of the diocesan beatification process. That same year, Cardinal Vidal appointed Fr Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for the cause, tasked with compiling a Positio Super Martyrio (position regarding the martyrdom) to be scrutinised by the Congregation. The positio, which relied heavily on the documentation of San Vitores' beatification, was completed in 1999.^[12]

Blessed John Paul II, wanting to include young Asian laypersons in his first beatification for the Jubilee Year 2000, paid particular attention to the cause of Calungsod. In January 2000, he approved the decree super martyrio (concerning the martyrdom) of Calungsod, setting his beatification for 5 March 2000 at Saint Peter's Square in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous deeds, Pope John Paul II declared:

^[13]

Sainthood[link]

On 19 December 2011, the Holy See officially approved the miracle qualifying Calungsod for sainthood by the Roman Catholic Church.^[14] The recognised miracle dates from 2002, when a Leyte woman who was pronounced clinically dead by accredited physicians two hours after a heart attack was revived when a doctor prayed for Calungsod's intercession.^[15][16][17]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over the declaration ceremony on behalf of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. He later revealed that Pope Benedict XVI approved and signed the official promulgation decrees recognising the miracles as authentic and worthy of belief. The College of Cardinals were then sent a dossier on the new saints, and they were asked to indicate their approval. On 18 February 2012, after the Consistory for the Creation of Cardinals, Cardinal Amato formally petitioned Pope Benedict XVI to announce the canonization of the new saints.^[18] The Pope set the date for 21 October 2012 (World Mission Sunday).^[19]

After Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, Calungsod will be the second Filipino declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Martyrology celebrates Calungsod's feast along with Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores every 2 April.^[20]

Iconography[link]

It is not known exactly what Calungsod looked like, as no contemporary depictions survive. The writer Alcina, who was a contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, described the male Visayan indios of his time as usually more corpulent, better built and somewhat taller than the Tagalogs in Luzon; that their skin was light brown in color; that their faces were usually round and of fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyes and hair were black; that they— especially the youth—wore their hair a little bit long; and that they already started to wear camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches). Pedro Chirino, S.J., who also worked in the Visayas in the 1590s, similarly described the Visayans as well-built, of pleasing countenance and light-skinned.^[21]

Calungsod is often depicted as a young man wearing a camisa de chino. He holds the martyr's palm, indicating his death, or sometimes a crucifix, catechism book or rosary, representing his missionary work. In some early statues, Calungsod is sometimes shown with a spear and catana (cutlass), the instruments of his death.

In art[link]

The first portraits of Pedro Calungsod were drawings done by award-winning artist, sculptor, and designer Eduardo Castrillo^[22] in 1994 for the Heritage of Cebu Monument in Parian. A bronze statue of Calungsod was made and now forms part of the monument. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria and Vicente Gulane of Cebu and Justino Cagayat Jr. of Paete, Laguna, created statues of Calungsod in 1997 and 1999 respectively.^[23]

When the Archdiocese of Manila in 1998 published the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" by Jesuit theologian Catalino Arevalo, the 17-year old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, was chosen to model for a portrait of Calungsod.^[24] This then became the basis for Rafael del Casal's painting in 1999, which was chosen as the official portrait for Calungsod. The Del Casal portrait is the first to feature a Christogram, the seal of the Society of Jesus with which he was affiliated. The original painting is now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Blessed Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City.

Several statues of Calungsod were also commissioned for the beatification, with one brought to Rome and blessed by John Paul II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Nuestro Padré Jesús de Nazareno of the Society of the Angel of Peace in Cansojong, Talisay City, Cebu. Another image is permanently enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Blessed Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both images also depict Calungsod wearing a white chemise and pants. He holds a crucifix, rosary beads, and the martyr's palm pressed to his breast. During the novena before his feast day, a replica of the catana used to kill him is placed into the arm of the statue.

Images[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry 1998, New edition from the Daughters of St. Paul, Manila 2000
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Teenage Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3

See also[link]

• Diego Luís de San Vitores
• List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God
• Roman Catholicism in Guam

External links[link]

• Official website
• The Archdiocese of Cebu
• Website by the Postulatio Causae Beatificationis seu Canonizationis Beati Petri Calungsod

References[link]

v t e Filipino Saints, Blesseds and Servants of God Saints Lorenzo Ruiz Blesseds Pedro Calungsod (Pending canonisation: 21/10/12) Venerables Isabel Larrañaga Ramírez Ignacia del Espíritu Santo Servants of God Dionisia de Santa Maria Mitas Talangpaz Cecilia Rosa De Jesús Talangpaz William Finnemann Alfredo Maria Aranda Obviar Joaquina Maria Mercedes Barcelo Pages Francisca del Espiritu Santo Fuentes Aloysius Schwartz Eugenio Sanz-Orozco Mortera Dom Justo Takayama Jerónima de la Asunción Maria Beatriz Del Rosario Arroyo‎ Teofilo Camomot Carlo Braga* Rhoel Gallardo* Alfredo Versoza*(*without nihil obstat) Saints portal

Jim Sturgess
Born	James Anthony Sturgess (1981-05-16) 16 May 1981 (age 31) London, England
Nationality	British
Occupation	Actor, singer-songwriter
Years active	1994–present
Musical career
Instruments	Vocals, piano, drums, guitar
Years active	1996–present
Associated acts	Tragic Toys Dilated Spies Saint Faith
Website	myspace.com/officialjimsturgess

James Anthony "Jim" Sturgess (born 16 May 1981)^[1][2][3] is a British actor and singer-songwriter.^[4] His breakthrough role was appearing as Jude in the musical romance drama film Across the Universe (2007).^[5]

Early life[link]

Sturgess was born in London, England on 16 May 1981. He attended Frensham Heights School, in Farnham, Surrey. He spent most of his youth skateboarding around his local car parks and started his first band as early as 15 years old where they would rehearse in the garage of his Friend's Dad's house. The band would also play gigs in and around his local area to any publican that would turn a blind eye to the fact that they were all under age. Jim's first acting experience came when the local theatre group came to his school, looking for kids to audition for the local play. Quickly realising that he would be able to miss school, he went along to the audition and landed one of the parts in the play.In 1994, when he was 13, he starred in The Browning Version(his first film)^[6] It was clear to both his school and his parents that he had a natural talent but it was always music that was at the forefront of his mind. Jim moved to Manchester to attend Salford University as a way of hoping to start another band and hang around the Manchester music scene, where most of his music idols were from. It was here that he fell in with a group of aspiring actors and film makers, and his passion for acting was re ignited. He started to write and perform his own short films and plays, and it was whilst performing his one person show 'BUZZIN', based around his performance poetry, that Jim was discovered by an acting agent. Jim moved back to London and started to get work as an actor in Television productions such as the ITV Drama 'A Touch of Frost', where he gave an acclaimed performance as a young boy suffering from Asperger's Syndrome. He also joined a seven piece band called 'Saint Faith' where the band recorded and played gigs around the area of Camden Town in London where he was living. He continued to work in British Telefilms and Independent films such as Mouth to Mouth and used it as a way to fund his music. It was at this time that visionary director Julie Taymor was looking for a fresh raw talent, in both music and acting, to star in her Beatle's inspired musical Across the Universe. Jim landed the lead role as Jude, a young lad from Liverpool who goes to America in search of his father, and ends up getting thrown into the electric and revolutionary times of the 1960s.

Acting career[link]

In 2007, he made his big break in Julie Taymor's musical Across the Universe, portraying Jude Feeny, a paternally-shorn young man who travels to the US amid the raging throes of the late 1960s and falls in love with sheltered American teenager, Lucy, played by Evan Rachel Wood.

In 2008, he appeared in the historical drama The Other Boleyn Girl in the supporting role of George Boleyn opposite Natalie Portman, Scarlett Johansson and Eric Bana. He also starred in 21 as the male lead Ben Campbell, a movie about five MIT students, who, by counting cards, take Las Vegas casinos for millions. Sturgess' co-stars in 21 include Kevin Spacey and Laurence Fishburne.

He played Gavin Kossef in Crossing Over (2009), appearing with Harrison Ford, Ray Liotta and Ashley Judd. Set in Los Angeles, the storyline revolves around immigrants from different countries and backgrounds who share a common bond in desperately trying to gain legal status. Also in 2009, he starred in Kari Skogland’s Fifty Dead Men Walking loosely based on the best-selling true story book by Martin McGartland about a young Irishman recruited by the British police to infiltrate and spy on the Irish Republican Army and who saved about 50 innocent lives in the process.

Heartless, a film directed by Philip Ridley, premiered on 31 August 2009^[7] at the London FrightFest Film Festival, a popular horror film festival. Sturgess appears as Jamie Morgan, a young man whose life has always been blighted by the large, heart-shaped port wine birthmark on his face and sells his soul to the devil. Jim Sturgess won the Best Actor Award at the 2010 Fantasporto Film Festival for his role. The film also won the Best Film Award and the Best Director Award for Philip Ridley.

In 2010, Sturgess starred as a character based on Sławomir Rawicz, a young Polish officer who escaped from a Russian gulag during World War II. The film, The Way Back, is based on a true story and directed by the highly acclaimed Peter Weir.

Additionally in 2010, he provided voice-over work in director Zack Snyder's 3-D animated feature film Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole based on the children's book series, Guardians of Ga'Hoole by Kathryn Lasky.

In May 2010, Sturgess officially signed on to appear in One Day (based on the novel of the same title by David Nicholls) co-starring with Anne Hathaway. The novel is based on two students who meet on 15 July 1988. The story follows them every 15 July over the following twenty years. Directed by Lone Scherfig,^[8] filming was completed on 17 September 2010^[9] and theatrical release in August 2011.

During 2010, he additionally filmed Upside Down. Filming was completed in May 2010 in Montreal and is currently^[when?] in post-production.^[10] Described as a "sci-fi romance". The film is the second full-length feature from writer and director Juan Solanas and is slated for release in 2011.^[11]

A third film project in 2010 was Promised Land to be directed by Michael Winterbottom and according to Variety "will recount the lead up to the 1948 partition of Palestine and the subsequent creation of the state of Israel". Jim Sturgess will star as a British officer hunting down the extremist Jewish factions. Filming is due to begin in October.^[12]

In March and April 2011, filming took place for Ashes,^[13] a film directed by Mat Whitecross. The picture has been described as a contemporary film noir thriller that stars Ray Winstone and Lesley Manville along with Sturgess. Filmed in the Isle of Man, the production is being partially funded by the band Coldplay, university friends of the director.^[14] In September 2011, filming began for Cloud Atlas to be released in October 2011.^{[dated info]}

Music career[link]

Jim has been writing a performing his own music since the age of 15. He has played in bands around the Camden music scene for many years in bands such as Saint Faith and Dilated Spies. He has also written music for some of his films including 2 tracks that he wrote and performed for the film Crossing Over. He also co wrote the track Panic and Magic with Mickey O'Brien and collaborated with Director Philip Ridley in 3 tracks that appear in the film Heartless. He is currently working alongside his girlfriend Mickey O'Brien, keyboardist for the band La Roux on his latest band Tragic Toys.

	"Panic & Magic" noicon Sturgess has written music related to both Crossing Over and Heartless
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Filmography[link]

Discography[link]

Soundtrack[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

• 2008: Won, "Best Ensemble" – 21 (shared w/co-stars) at the ShoWest Convention, USA
• 2008: Nominated, "Choice Movie Breakout Male" – 21 at the Teen Choice Awards
• 2008: Nominated, "Choice Movie Breakout Male" – Across the Universe at the Teen Choice Awards
• 2008: Nominated, "Best Performance By An Actor In A Canadian Film" – Fifty Dead Men Walking at the Vancouver Film Critics Circle Awards
• 2009: First Runner Up, "Best Actor Golden Space Needle Award" – Fifty Dead Men Walking^[20] at the Seattle International Film Festival
• 2009: Nominated, "Best Newcomer"^[21] at the Jameson Empire Awards (UK)
• 2010: Won, "Best Actor" – Heartless^[22] at the Fantasporto awards.

Notes[link]

1.^ From the soundtrack 21 – Original Motion Picture Score, not to be confused with the film's other soundtrack Music From The Motion Picture 21.

• Jim Sturgess talks about his music tastes
• Jim Sturgess interview at Reviewgraveyard.com