"Lord Black" redirects here. For Lord Black of Brentwood, see
Guy Black.
The Right Honourable
The Lord Black of Crossharbour
PC OC KCSG |
Picture of Lord Black in 2005. |
| Born |
Conrad Moffat Black
(1944-08-25) August 25, 1944 (age 67)
Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Nationality |
Canadian (1944–2001)
British (1999–present) |
| Education |
Carleton University, (B.A.)
Université Laval (LL.L.)
McGill University (M.A.) |
| Occupation |
former newspaper publisher, author, columnist, investor |
| Home town |
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Net worth |
$80 million (2011) [1] |
| Religion |
Catholic |
| Spouse |
Joanna Hishon (1978–1992)
Barbara Amiel, Lady Black (1992–present) |
| Children |
2 sons, 1 daughter |
| Parents |
George Montegu Black II, Jean Elizabeth Riley |
Conrad Moffat Black, Baron Black of Crossharbour, PC, OC, KCSG (born August 25, 1944) is a Canadian-born member of the British House of Lords, and a historian, columnist and publisher, who was for a time the third largest newspaper magnate in the world.[2] Lord Black controlled Hollinger International, Inc. Through affiliates, the company published major newspapers including The Daily Telegraph (UK), Chicago Sun Times (U.S.), Jerusalem Post (Israel), National Post (Canada), and hundreds of community newspapers in North America.
Black is also an author and historian, having written two memoirs (A Life in Progress and A Matter of Principle) and biographies of Maurice Duplessis, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Richard Nixon. He writes a regular column for Canada’s National Post and contributes to The American Spectator, National Review Online, The Huffington Post and The Catholic Herald.
Beginning in 2005, Black was the subject of a highly publicized prosecution in the United States. Black has maintained his innocence since the beginning of the legal saga.[3][4] Having initially faced 17 charges of misconduct and of defrauding the company he led, Hollinger International, of $60 million, he was convicted of three counts of fraud and one count of obstruction of justice in a U.S. court in 2007[5] and sentenced to six and a half years' imprisonment.[6] On July 19, 2010, Black was granted bail following a unanimous judgment of the Supreme Court of the United States in which Black succeeded in having the scope of the honest services fraud statute narrowed. Subsequent to that decision, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit overturned two of the three remaining mail fraud counts against Black in October 2010.[7] The sole remaining mail fraud count was in the amount of $600,000,[8] of which Black’s share was $285,000.[9] On June 24, 2011 he was resentenced on the one remaining count of mail fraud and on the one count of obstruction of justice to a prison term of 42 months and a fine of US$125,000.[10] As the 29 months Black had already served were included in this sentence, he returned to prison on September 6, 2011,[11] to serve his remaining term of thirteen months.[12] Black was released on May 4, 2012.[13] As he renounced his Canadian citizenship in 2001, Black was granted a one-year temporary resident permit to re-enter Canada upon his release from prison. The permit is valid until May 2013.[14][15]
Black was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to a wealthy family originally from Winnipeg, Manitoba. His father, George Montegu Black, Jr., C.A., was the president of Canadian Breweries Limited, an international brewing conglomerate that had earlier absorbed Winnipeg Breweries (founded by George Black Sr.). Conrad Black's mother was the former Jean Elizabeth Riley, a daughter of Conrad Stephenson Riley, whose father founded the Great-West Life Assurance Company, and a great-granddaughter of an early co-owner of the Daily Telegraph.
Biographer George Toombs said of Black's motivations: "he was born into a very large family of athletic, handsome people. He wasn't particularly athletic or handsome like they were, so he developed a different skill – wordplay, which he practised a lot with his father."[16] Black has written that his father was “cultured [and] humorous” and that his mother was a “natural, convivial, and altogether virtuous person.”[17] Of his older brother George Montegu Black III (Monte), Black has written that he was “one of the greatest natural athletes I have known,” and that though “generally more sociable than I was, he was never a cad or even inconstant, or ever an ungenerous friend or less than a gentleman.”[18]
Black was first educated at Upper Canada College (UCC), during which time, at age eight, he invested his life savings of $60 in one share of General Motors.[19] Six years later, according to Tom Bower's biography Dancing on the Edge,[20] he was expelled from UCC for selling stolen exam papers. He then attended Trinity College School where he lasted less than a year, being expelled for insubordinate behaviour. Black eventually graduated from a small, now defunct, private school in Toronto called Thornton Hall, continuing on to post-secondary education at Carleton University (History, 1965). For a time, he attended Toronto's Osgoode Hall Law School of York University; however, his studies ended after he failed his first year exams.[20] He completed a law degree at Université Laval (Law, 1970), and in 1973 completed a Master of Arts degree in history at McGill University.[21] Black's thesis, later published as a biography, was on Quebec premier Maurice Duplessis. Black had been granted access to Duplessis’s papers, housed in Duplessis’s former residence in Trois-Rivières,[22] which included “figures from the famous Union Nationale Caisse Electorale (the party war chest), a copy of the leader of the Opposition’s tax returns, [and] gossip from bishops,”[17] as well as “historically significant letters from Cardinal Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve side-by-side with hand-written, ungrammatical requests for jobs with the Quebec Liquor Board, unpaid bills, the returns of his ministers who were cheating on their taxes, a number of scribbled notes for Assembly speeches, tidbits of political espionage, compromising photographs, [and] a ledger listing the political contributions of every tavern-keeper in the province.”[22] Black subsequently had the principal items from the papers copied and microfilmed, and donated copies to McGill, York, and Windsor universities.[17]
Black's first marriage was in 1978 to Joanna Hishon of Montreal, who worked as a secretary in his brother Montegu's brokerage office. The couple had two sons and a daughter.[23] The couple separated in 1991. Their divorce was finalized in 1992; the same year Black married Watford-born journalist Barbara Amiel. Black flattered Amiel, describing her variously as "beautiful, brilliant, ideologically a robust spirit" and "chic, humorous and preternaturally sexy." Courtroom evidence revealed that the couple exchanged over 11,000 emails.[16] In a February, 2011, public Valentine greeting, Black wrote:
“I have been persecuted and Barbara was under no obligation to share fully in the life-enhancing and undoubtedly character-building experience of sharing that fate with me completely. But she has, and no one can know, and it is beyond my power adequately to express here, what her constancy has meant to me. For more than four years before I was sent to prison, she toiled with me against the heavy odds generated by the legal and media onslaught. She endured an avalanche of abuse directed at her (although she wasn’t accused of anything) as extravagant, flakey, apt to bolt, domineering, and what Kafka called 'nameless crimes.' For the next 29 months, she led a lonely life in Florida, in a climate that aggravated her medical problems. And once or twice every week, she got up at 3 a.m. to drive over four hours to see me.”
[24]
"My family," Black wrote in 2009, "was divided between atheism and agnosticism, and I followed rather unthinkingly and inactively in those paths into my twenties." By his early thirties, however, he "no longer had any confidence in the non-existence of God." Thereafter, he "approached Rome at a snail's pace," and began to study the writings of Roman Catholic thinkers such as St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, Cardinal Newman, and Jacques Maritain.[25] Having accepted the possibility of miracles and thus of the Resurrection of Christ, Black was received into the Catholic Church on June 18, 1986 by Cardinal Gerald Emmett Carter, Archbishop of Toronto.[17] Black would develop a close friendship with Carter and rely on him as a spiritual advisor; on Carter’s death, Black wrote: “In the 25 years I knew him, his judgment and personality were always sober but never solemn; and never, not at his most beleaguered and not on the verge of death, did he show a trace of despair. He was intellectual but practical, spiritual but not sanctimonious or utopian, proud but never arrogant. He must have had faults, but I never detected any. He was a great man, yet the salt of the earth.”[26]
Black has written that his faith helped him endure his imprisonment in the United States.[27] Black is also a major shareholder in The Catholic Herald,[27] and was the vice-president of Paul-Émile Cardinal Léger’s charity for a number of years.[28]
Black became involved in a number of businesses, mainly publishing newspapers, and briefly in mining. In 1966, Black bought his first newspaper, the Eastern Townships Advertiser in Quebec. Following the foundation, as an investment vehicle, of the Ravelston Corporation by the Black family in 1969, Black, together with friends David Radler and Peter G. White, purchased and operated the Sherbrooke Record, the small English language daily in Sherbrooke, Quebec. In 1971, the three formed Sterling Newspapers Limited, a holding company that would acquire several other small Canadian regional newspapers.
George Black died in June 1976, leaving Conrad Black and his older brother, Montegu, a 22.4% stake in Ravelston Corporation, which by then owned 61% voting control of Argus Corporation, an influential holding company in Canada. Argus controlled large stakes in 7 major Canadian corporations, Labrador Mining, Noranda Mines, Hollinger Mines, Standard Broadcasting, Dominion Stores, Domtar and Massey-Ferguson.[29]
In 1977, Black became a director of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce.[30]
Through his father's holdings in Ravelston, Black gained early association with two of Canada's most prominent businessmen: Bud McDougald and E. P. Taylor, president and founder of Argus, respectively. Following McDougald's death in 1978, Black paid $30-million to take control of Ravelston and thereby, control of Toronto-based Argus. This arrangement resulted in accusations that Black had taken advantage of the widows of Ravelston Directors McDougald and Eric Phillips, though these accusations were never proven. Black, for his part, recorded that the widows “understood and approved every letter of every word of the agreement”.[17] Other observers admired Black for marshalling enough investor support to win control without committing a large block of personal assets.[29]
Some of the Argus assets were already troubled, and others did not fit Black's long-term vision. Black resigned as Chairman of Massey Ferguson company in 1979, after which Argus donated its shares to the employee's pension funds (both salaried and union).[31] Hollinger Mines was then turned into a holding company that initially focused on resource businesses.[29]
In 1981 Norcen Energy, one of his companies, acquired a minority position in Ohio-based Hanna Mining Co. A filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission stated that Norcen took "an investment position" in Hanna. However, the filing did not disclose that Norcen's board planned to seek majority control. Black subsequently was charged by the SEC with filing misleading public statements. These charges were later withdrawn.
In 1984, Black withdrew over $56 million from the Dominion workers' pension plan surplus without consulting plan members. The firm said it considered the surplus the rightful property of the employer (Dominion Stores Ltd.). The Dominion Union complained, a public outcry ensued, and the case went to court. The Supreme Court of Ontario ruled against the company, and ordered the company to return the money to the pension fund, claiming that though the most recent language in the plan suggested the employer had ownership of the surplus, the original intention was to keep the surplus in the plan to increase members' benefits.[32] Eventually, the pension dispute was settled in equal shares between the shareholders and the plan members.[17]
Over time, Black focused formerly diverse activities of his companies on newspaper publishing. Argus Corporation, once Canada's most important conglomerate, divested itself of interests in manufacturing, mining, retailing, banking and broadcasting. Canadian writer John Ralston Saul argued in 2008, "Lord Black was never a real "capitalist" because he never created wealth, only dismantled wealth. His career has been largely about stripping corporations. Destroying them."[33] Journalist and writer George Jonas, however, contends that Hollinger made its “investors… billions [of dollars]”.[34]
In 1985, Andrew Knight, then editor of The Economist, asked Black to invest in the ailing Telegraph Group, and Black was able to gain control of the Group for £30 million.[17] By this investment, Black made his first entry into British press ownership. Five years later, he bought the Jerusalem Post, and by 1990, his companies ran over 400 newspaper titles in North America, the majority of them small community papers.
Hollinger bought a 23% stake in the Southam newspaper chain in 1992[21] and acquired the Chicago Sun Times in 1994. Hollinger International shares were listed on New York Stock Exchange in 1996, at which time the company boosted its stake in Southam to a control position.[28] Becoming a public company trading in the U.S. has been called "a fateful move, exposing Black's empire to America's more rigorous regulatory regime and its more aggressive institutional shareholders."[31]
Under Black, Hollinger launched the National Post in Toronto in 1998. From 1999 to 2000 Hollinger International sold several newspapers in five deals worth a total of US$679-million, a total that included millions of dollars in "non-compete agreements" for Hollinger insiders.[citation needed] Later in the year, Hollinger International announced the sale of thirteen major Canadian newspapers, 126 community newspapers, internet properties and half of the National Post to CanWest Global Communications Corp. Hollinger International sold the rest of the National Post to CanWest in the summer of 2001[citation needed].
The Hollinger group of companies was effectively dismantled as a result of the various lawsuits it faced. The costs incurred to Hollinger International through the investigation of Black and his associates climbed to over US $200 million, leading some observers, such as The Economist, to note its lack of proportion to the charges.[35] A significant portion of the sums paid by Hollinger International went to Richard Breeden, the lead investigator, who was paid approximately $100,000 per week.[28] Since Black was forced to resign from the board of Hollinger, many of Hollinger International’s assets have been sold at prices significantly lower than those contemplated in deals negotiated but not consummated while Black was with the company.[36] In the early 2000s, Black had accurately anticipated the decline in profitability of print media assets and sought to divest those types of assets held by Hollinger before their value was irrevocably diminished.[36]
Born to a rich family, Black acquired the family home and 7 acres (28,000 m2) of land in Toronto's exclusive Bridle Path neighbourhood after his father's death in 1976. Black and first wife Joanna Hishon maintained homes in Palm Beach, Toronto and London. After he married Barbara Amiel, he acquired a luxury Park Avenue apartment in New York. When sold in 2005, the U.S. Department of Justice seized net proceeds of $8.5 million, pending resolution of court actions.[37] His London townhouse in the Kensington district sold in 2005 for about US$25 million.[38] Black's Palm Beach mansion was listed for sale in 2004 at $36 million. In late April 2011 this Florida property was also sold by Black for approximately $30 million (USD).[39]
According to biographer Tom Bower, "They flaunted their wealth."[20] Black's critics, including former Daily Telegraph editor Charles Moore, suggested it was Black's second wife, Amiel, who pushed him towards a life of opulence, citing extravagant expenditures such as items billed to Hollinger expenses that included $2,463 (£1,272) on handbags, $2,785 in opera tickets, and $140 for Amiel's "jogging attire."[16]
Black was ranked 238th wealthiest in Britain by the Sunday Times Rich List 2003,[40] with an estimated wealth of £136m. He was dropped from the 2004 list.[41]
Black is a former Steering Committee member of the Bilderberg Group.[42]
| Conrad Moffat Black |
 |
| Charge(s) |
mail fraud, obstruction of justice |
| Penalty |
Sentenced to 6½ years imprisonment. Reduced to 42 months following appeal and resentencing. |
| Status |
Served 29 months before being granted bail pending a Supreme Court ordered review of his case.[43] Reported to the Federal Correctional Institution, Miami on September 6, 2011[11] to serve an additional 13 months as a result of re-sentencing.[12] He was released on May 4, 2012, due to good conduct credits shortening his sentence by five months.[44] |
Black was convicted in U.S. District Court in Chicago on July 13, 2007 and sentenced to serve 6.5 years in federal prison, pay Hollinger $6.1 million, in addition to a fine of $125,000.
Black was found guilty of diverting funds for personal benefit from money due Hollinger International when the company sold certain publishing assets and of other irregularities. For example, in 2000, in an arrangement that came to be known as the "Lerner Exchange," Black acquired Chicago's Lerner Newspapers and sold it to Hollinger.[45] He also was found guilty of obstruction of justice.[46]
The Supreme Court of the United States heard an appeal of his case on December 8, 2009[47] and rendered a decision in June 2010. Black's application for bail was rejected by both the Supreme Court and the U.S. District Court judge who sentenced him.[48]
On June 24, 2010, the US Supreme Court ruled 9-0 that the definition of "honest services" fraud used in the trial judge's charge to the jury in Black's case was too broad and ordered the US 7th Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago to review three fraud convictions against Black in light of the Supreme Court's new definition. The appeals court was to review Black's case and determine whether his fraud convictions will stand or if there should be a new trial.[49] The jailed former media baron's obstruction-of-justice conviction, for which he is serving a concurrent 6½-year sentence, remains in place.[50] Black's lawyers filed an application for bail pending the appeals court's review.[49] Prosecutors contested Black's bail request, arguing in court papers that Black's trial jury had proof that Black committed fraud.[51] He was granted bail on July 19, 2010, by the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals and was released on a $2 million unsecured bond put up by conservative philanthropist Roger Hertog.[52] Black was released from custody and ordered to remain on bail in the continental United States until at least August 16, when his bail hearing was to resume,[7][52][53][54] and the date by which Black and the prosecution were ordered by the Court of Appeals to submit written arguments for that court's review of his case.[55][56]
Until July 21, 2010,[52] Black, Federal Bureau of Prisons #18330-424, was incarcerated at Federal Correctional Institution Low, Coleman, FL,[57] a part of the Coleman Federal Correctional Complex[58][59] Prior to being granted bail, his scheduled release date was October 30, 2013.[57]
Following his release, coincidentally on his 18th wedding anniversary, Black wrote a column for Canada's The National Post on his time in prison. Black described America's inmates as an "ostracized, voiceless legion of the walking dead."[60] Black was to appear once again in a Chicago court on August 16 to provide full and detailed financial information to the judge, who would then consider his request to be allowed to return to Canada while on bail.[61] In spite of his professed desire to return to his former home in Canada, Black's legal representatives advised the court that they would not provide the requisite accounting and would thus not be interested in petitioning the court further on the matter. Although many have cited this refusal to disclose as more deception on the part of Black,[citation needed] it is possible that the voluminous amounts of information that would have been required for complete disclosure could not be compiled in time or would have been used to further incriminate Black in later proceedings, a potential violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. He was, however, under no compulsion to make this disclosure, as he had initiated the appeal for a bail variation of his own volition. His next court appearance, where he might reapply for permission to return to Canada, was set for September 20, 2010.[62]
On October 28, 2010, the US 7th Circuit Court of Appeals overturned two of the three remaining mail fraud counts. It left Black convicted of one count of mail fraud and one count of obstruction of justice. The court also ruled that he must be resentenced.[63] On December 17, 2010, Black lost an appeal of his remaining convictions for fraud and obstruction of justice. The three-person panel did not provide reasons. On May 31, 2011, the Supreme Court of the United States refused to grant Black leave to appeal his two remaining convictions without any comment.[64]
The resentencing on the two remaining counts by the original trial judge occurred on June 24, 2011.[65] Black's lawyers recommended that he be sentenced to the 29 months he had already served while the prosecution argued for Black to complete his original 6½ year sentence. The probation officer's report recommended a sentence of between 33 and 41 months.[66] At the hearing, Judge St. Eve resentenced Black to a reduced term of 42 months and a fine of $125,000, returning him to prison on September 6, 2011[11] to serve the remaining 13 months of his sentence.[12]
On June 30, 2011, Black published an article for the National Review Online that provided his scathing view of the legal case, detailing it as a miscarriage of justice and an "unaccountable and often lawless prosecution."[67]
Seth Lipsky, in an opinion piece for the Wall Street Journal that ran on June 28, 2011, called the verdict against Black "head-scratching," noting that Black was found not guilty of the most serious charges brought against him and "the jury convicted him of a count of obstruction, for obeying an eviction notice by Hollinger to remove from his former office in Toronto boxes of papers and personal effects that he hadn't been informed were under seal. Prosecutors claimed that, out of 13 boxes, a single document was relevant to the investigation. It was a copy of a non-compete agreement that Black had previously turned over to the investigators." Lipsky also raised the issue of why Black was denied a retrial by jury as to whether he had committed pecuniary fraud after the Supreme Court unanimously found that Judge St. Eve's instructions to the jury were "incorrect," which led to two of the three fraud counts ultimately being vacated. In the end, the fraud conviction was allowed to stand and the count of obstruction: "The fraud Black stood guilty of involved a gain to him of but $285,000. He has made restitution of $32 million. He has been forced to stand aside while his business empire was reduced to rubble and $250 million or so of his own equity destroyed. And he has incurred tens of millions of dollars in legal fees... even some of his critics are wondering why the prosecutors engaged in the conduct they did."[68]
Black did not return to his former location of Coleman Federal Correctional Facility because two female guards at Coleman reported they feared for their safety if Black returned. Instead, he reported on September 6, 2011 to the Federal Correctional Institution, Miami.[69] He was released from prison on May 4, 2012. Although he has given up his Canadian citizenship in 2001 in order to receive British peerage, he has expressed desire to live in Canada after his prison term completed.[70] He was granted a one-year temporary resident permit to live in Canada in March 2012 when he was still serving his sentence. Critics denounced that Black received special treatment from the Canadian government but Stephen Harper, the Prime Minister, denied any political influence. [71] Upon his release from the prison, Black was immediately picked up by the U.S. Immigration officials and was escorted to the Miami International Airport. He arrived at Toronto on the same afternoon and returned to his home for the first time in nearly five years.[72]
Upon the advice of British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Queen Elizabeth II conferred in 2001 the dignity of a life peerage to Black with the name, style and title of Baron Black of Crossharbour, of Crossharbour in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.[73] Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, gave the conflicting advice that a Canadian citizen should not receive a titular honour, citing the 1919 Nickle Resolution. Black at the time held both Canadian and British citizenship. As a result of the dispute, Black renounced his Canadian citizenship in 2001, remaining a citizen of the UK. In an May 2012 interview with Peter Mansbridge, Black said he will consider applying for Canadian citizenship “within a year or two” when he hoped the matter would no longer be controversial and he could “make an application like any other person who has been a temporary resident.”[74] The decision to grant or reject his application would be at the discretion of the federal cabinet.[75]
Black was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC) in 1990. In September 2011, after Black returned to prison due to the failure of his appeal, Rideau Hall confirmed that Black's award was under review by the Advisory Council of the Order of Canada which has the power to recommend “the termination of a person's appointment to the Order of Canada if the person has been convicted of a criminal offence.”[76]
Black has written an autobiography and three substantial biographies of controversial twentieth-century figures.
- Duplessis:[77] Black re-worked his 1973 Master's thesis on Maurice Duplessis into a rehabilatory biographical re-examination of the controversial long-serving Quebec premier, published in 1977.
- A Life in Progress:[78] An autobiography, published in 1993.
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Champion of Freedom:[79] While Black was CEO of Hollinger International, the company spent millions of dollars purchasing collections of private papers of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt.[80] Black subsequently completed a 1,280-page biography, in 2003.[81]
- What Might Have Been:[82] A 2004 essay of speculative history depicting the latter half of the 20th century as it may have unfolded had Japan not bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941, edited by Andrew Roberts.
- Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full:[83] Continuing in the vein of Duplessis, Black's 1,152-page 2007 biography of Richard Nixon sought to rehabilitate the former U.S. President's legacy. This approach was criticized by some reviewers, who felt that it attempted to exculpate Nixon of some negative aspects of his time in office.[84]
- Selected Columns/Articles in Newspapers and Magazines
- Black continues to contribute regular features to the National Post, the newspaper he founded in 1998 and sold in 2001. In an article there, Black indicated that his next book will describe how his business empire was destroyed while court-protected managers enriched themselves and eradicated shareholder value. He says, "The judiciary and regulators in both countries are complicit in these events. They will have much to answer for. This is the real story, and I will publish it soon." [85]
- In the November 2008 issue of Spear's magazine, Black wrote a diary piece from jail,[86] detailing 'the putrification of the US justice system' and how 'the bloom is off my long-notorious affection for America'.
- On March 5, 2009, Black contributed a piece to the online version of the conservative magazine National Review (NRO). Called 'Roosevelt and the Revisionists' and based on his earlier biography of Roosevelt, it argued that FDR's New Deal was intended to save capitalism, and so deserved conservative support. In her March 9 critique of this piece on NRO, author Amity Shlaes observed, "I will be co-hosting, with Dean Thomas Cooley of NYU/Stern, a Second Look conference on March 30 to permit scholars to present the multiple studies that suggest the New Deal and Great Depression are worth taking a look at from every angle. The great shame here is that Conrad would have added much to this event, and yet he cannot attend."
- A Matter of Principle:[87] Published in 2011, Black described his indictment and the trial, the subsequent conviction, imprisonment and the appeal. Woven throughout the book, Black did not hide his contempt toward the prosecutors, and the people and media whom he perceived betrayed him and harboured bias against him. Black reserved the most indignation toward the prosecutors whom he believed mounted a campaign to destroy him. The book also discussed his views on politics, corporate governance, and the U.S. justice system and its need of reform.[88]
- In a rebuttal to set the record straight,[89] Black defence lawyer, Edward Greenspan said ‘Conrad’s flawed account of his own trial is a reminder of how seldom an accused person actually grasps what is going on in court’. In particular, Greenspan vigorously rebuked Black’s repeating the allegation of ‘extortion’ described in an article[90] written by Mark Steyn in Maclean’s. Even Black himself told Greenspan in an e-mail that this allegation was unfounded and ‘I will support your version of this’.
- The documentary film Citizen Black, which premiered at the 2004 Montreal and Cambridge film festivals, traces Black's life and filmmaker Debbie Melnyk's attempts in 2003 to interview Black, and her eventual interview.[91] US prosecutors subpoenaed unused footage of a 2003 shareholders meeting for use in Black's trial.[92]
- Canadian actor Albert Schultz portrayed Black in the 2006 CTV movie Shades of Black.
- Tom Bower's biography Conrad and Lady Black: Dancing on the Edge (ISBN 0007232349) was published in 2006 by Harper Collins. It was republished in August 2007 with an additional chapter reporting on the trial and its outcomes.
- There is talk of two dramas based on his life: one from Tom Bower and Andrew Lloyd Webber and another from Alistair Beaton.[93]
- The last authorized portrait busts of Conrad Black and Barbara Amiel were created between 2001–2002 by Canadian sculptor Dr. Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook and arranged by noted Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet who himself also created a portrait of Black.
- A book "Robber Baron: Lord Black of Crossharbour" was published in 2007 by ECW press and written by George Tombs. ISBN 978-1-55022-806-9
- ^ " Vanity Fair, October, 2011
- ^ BBC News "Conrad Black: Where did it all go wrong" February 27, 2004
- ^ "Conrad Black tells Vanity Fair he's innocent but humbler", CBC, August 31, 2011
- ^ "A year into sentence, Conrad Black maintains innocence", CBC, March 5, 2009
- ^ "Black guilty on 4 charges, including obstruction", CTV, July 13, 2007
- ^ "CBC News In Depth", CBC', June 23, 2009
- ^ a b "Conrad Black granted bail", Toronto Star, July 19, 2010
- ^ "Conrad Black’s partial victory", Macleans, October 29, 2010
- ^ "Bring Conrad Black home", Ipolitics”, July 1, 2011
- ^ BBC News "Conrad Black ordered back to prison" June 24, 2011
- ^ a b c "Conrad Black to report back to prison in September", Globe and Mail, July 11, 2011
- ^ a b c "Black sent back to jail for 13 months", Globe and Mail, June 24, 2011
- ^ "Conrad Black freed, but faces citizenship issues". CBC News. May 4, 2012. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/story/2012/05/03/f-renounce-citizenship.html. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Conrad Black planning to return to Canada". AFP. May 1, 2012. http://news.yahoo.com/conrad-black-planning-reside-canada-report-203333000.html;_ylt=A2KJ3CTbSqBPik4A46DQtDMD. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- ^ "Ottawa approves Conrad Black’s request to live in Canada". Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-approves-conrad-blacks-request-to-live-in-canada/article2419229/?utm_medium=Feeds%3A%20RSS%2FAtom&utm_source=Politics&utm_content=2419229. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
- ^ a b c Clark, Andrew: "At some level, he's still asking the same question as he was when he was seven or eight – who am I?" The Guardian, March 16, 2007
- ^ a b c d e f g Black, C. (1993). A Life in Progress. Key Porter Books. ISBN 1-55013-520-1.
- ^ "Remembering my older brother Monte", National Post, October 22, 2011
- ^ Time Magazine: "Headline Maker"
- ^ a b c Bower, Tom: Conrad & Lady Black – Dancing on the Edge (London: HarperPress, 2006),
- ^ a b CBC News: "Conrad Black: Timeline" Updated June 5, 2008
- ^ a b Newman, P. (1983). The Establishment Man. Seal Books. ISBN 0-7704-1839-2.
- ^ thePeerage.com - Main Page
- ^ "Nineteen years with my perfect Valentine", National Post, February 12, 2011
- ^ "How I woke up from spiritual slumber and inched at a snail's pace to Rome", The Catholic Herald, September 11, 2009
- ^ "A dear, wise, constant friend", Catholic Education Resource Centre, April 12, 2003
- ^ a b "Conrad Black: I have found serenity through Catholicism in jail", The Daily Telegraph. September 10, 2009
- ^ a b c Black, C. (2011). A Matter of Principle. McCelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-1670-7.
- ^ a b c Francis, D. (1986). Controlling Interest – Who Owns Canada. Macmillan of Canada. ISBN 0-7715-9744-4.
- ^ [1], CIBC Annual Report 1999
- ^ a b Olive, David "A Conrad Black timeline", Toronto Star, March 11, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- ^ "Canadian Labour Congress: Dominion Food Stores". Adjustment.ca. http://www.adjustment.ca/example.shtml?x=96. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Gessell, Paul "Saul's Ottawa 'Truths'" The Ottawa Citizen, September 18, 2008
- ^ "Conrad Black, a cheese-eating Labrador and countless vituperative flights of fancy", National Post, June 24, 2010
- ^ "Corporate Scandals: Black shadows", The Economist, March 15, 2007
- ^ a b "Auto Da Fé: Conrad Black, Corporate Governance, and the End of Economic Man", Books in Canada, December 2006
- ^ U.S.D.O.J. "Press Release" December 15, 2005
- ^ Timmons, Heather: "Conrad Black sells London townhouse" International Herald Tribune, May 20, 2005
- ^ CBC News: "Conrad Black charged . . . " cbcnews.ca November 17, 2005
- ^ Hosking, Patrick; Wighton, David. "The Sunday Times Rich List 2003". London: Timesonline.co.uk. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/richlist/resultSearch/0,,2003-1-0-BLACK--,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Hosking, Patrick; Wighton, David. "The Sunday Times Rich List 2004". London: Timesonline.co.uk. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/richlist/fullSearch/0,,2004-1-0,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Former Steering Committee Members | Bilderberg Meetings
- ^ Conrad Black gets bail, review of case | CTV News
- ^ Alamenciak, Tim (April 29, 2012). "Conrad Black set to be released from prison this week". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1170273--conrad-black-set-to-be-released-from-prison-this-week. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
- ^ "Hollinger International Inc – 8-K – EX-99.2". SEC Info. 2004-08-30. http://www.secinfo.com/dsvr4.1A52.c.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ^ BBC News Business: "Conrad Black convicted of fraud" July 13, 2007
- ^ McQuillen, William. "Conrad Black: Conviction Questioned by High Court", Bloomberg.com, December 8, 2009.
- ^ "Conrad Black denied bail", Toronto Star, July 15, 2009.
- ^ a b "Conrad Black seeks bail", Globe and Mail, July 7, 2010
- ^ Conrad Black Fraud Convictions Set Aside
- ^ "Conrad Black sued for $71 million in back taxes", Toronto Star, July 15, 2010
- ^ a b c "Black to be released but can't come to Canada", Toronto Star, July 21, 2010
- ^ "Court clears Black for release", Globe and Mail, July 22, 2010
- ^ "Black can't return to Canada yet", Globe and Mail, July 23, 2010
- ^ "Court to hear Conrad Black case Aug. 16", Vancouver Sun, July 26, 2010
- ^ "Conrad Black likely stuck in the U.S.", CTV News, July 27, 2010
- ^ a b "Conrad Black." Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved on January 6, 2010.
- ^ Agence France-Presse January 26, 2009 (2009-01-26). ""Eight injured in riot at Conrad Black's Prison" Agence France-Presse, January 9, 2009". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/news/Eight+injured+riot+Conrad+Black+prison/1218912/story.html. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Joyce, Julian. "Black times ahead for fallen peer." BBC. Tuesday March 4, 2008. Retrieved on January 6, 2010.
- ^ Conrad Black: My prison education | Full Comment | National Post
- ^ "Black 'enlightened' by prison time". CBC News. Retrieved July 31, 2010
- ^ Conrad Black drops bid to return to Canada - Need to know - Macleans.ca
- ^ http://financialpostbusiness.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/black-cta7-remand.pdf
- ^ "U.S. Supreme Court rejects Conrad Black’s appeal", Globe and Mail, May 31, 2011
- ^ "Conrad Black sentencing set for June 24", Chicago Sun-Times, January 13, 2011
- ^ "Will Conrad Black go back to jail?", Globe and Mail, June 23, 2011
- ^ Conrad Black, "I stand before the court," National Review Online June 30, 2011.
- ^ Seth Lipsky, "A head-scratching verdict against Conrad Black," The Wall Street Journal June 28, 2011.
- ^ Kwan, Amanda (September 2, 2011). "Black won’t return to Florida prison". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/article/1048263--black-won-t-return-to-florida-prison?bn=1. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
- ^ D’Aliesio, Renata (May 4, 2012). "Conrad Black released from Florida prison". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/conrad-black-released-from-florida-prison/article2422565/. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ Chase, Steven (May 2, 2012). "Just how special is Lord Black’s residency permit?". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/just-how-special-is-lord-blacks-residency-permit/article2420924/. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ National Post Staff (May 4, 2012). "Conrad Black returns to Toronto after serving jail time in U.S.". National Post. http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/05/04/conrad-black-returns-to-toronto-after-serving-jail-time-in-u-s/. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ London Gazette: no. 56379. p. 12995. 5 November 2001.
- ^ Robertson, Dylan C. (May 21, 2012). "Conrad Black mulls over applying for citizenship". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/crime/article/1182036--conrad-black-mulls-over-applying-for-citizenship?bn=1. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Frum, David (July 24, 2012). "David Frum: Lord Conrad Black … of Canada". National Post. http://fullcomment.nationalpost.com/2010/07/24/david-frum-lord-conrad-black-of-canada/. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
- ^ Campion-Smith, Bruce (September 14, 2011). "Conrad Black could be stripped of Order of Canada". Toronto Star. http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/1054001--conrad-black-could-be-stripped-of-order-of-canada?bn=1. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
- ^ ISBN 0-7710-1530-5
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55013-520-6
- ^ ISBN 978-1-58648-184-1
- ^ [click here]. "Fine Books & Collections Magazine". Finebooksmagazine.com. http://www.finebooksmagazine.com/issue/0206/hollinger_chronicles.phtml. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Janeway, Michael (2003-12-21). "The Lord of Springwood". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0CEFDB173CF932A15751C1A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7538-1873-2
- ^ ISBN 978-1-58648-519-1
- ^ "''Books Briefly Noted'', New Yorker: 10 November 2007". Newyorker.com. 2009-01-07. http://www.newyorker.com/arts/reviews/brieflynoted/2007/12/10/071210crbn_brieflynoted3. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Nationalpost.com
- ^ Black, Conrad. "Jail Diary", Spear's, November 2008.
- ^ Black, Conrad (2011). A Matter of Principle. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-1670-7.
- ^ Bell, Douglas (September 16, 2011). "Conrad Black comes out zinging". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/books/a-matter-of-principle-by-conrad-black/article2168792/. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
- ^ Greenspan, Edward (September 30, 2011). "The Case for the Defence". Toronto: The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/edward-greenspan-rebuts-conrad-black/article2187024/. Retrieved January 24, 2012. (Subscription required)
- ^ Steyn, Mark (July 30, 2007). "The Black Trial: The human drama the jury didn’t see". Maclean’s. http://www.macleans.ca/columnists/article.jsp?content=20070730_107322_107322. Retrieved January 24, 2012.
- ^ "DeWolf Smith, Nancy; ''The Wall Street Journal: ''"Citizen Black": An entertaining documentary''; February 17, 2006". Post-gazette.com. 2006-02-17. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06048/657103.stm. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Business, MARY WISNIEWSKI (2006-11-23). "Wisniewski, Mary; ''Chicago Sun Times'': Prosecutors to see 'Citizen Black' footage; November 23, 2006". Suntimes.com. http://www.suntimes.com/business/hollinger/147128,CST-FIN-black23.article. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "Pendennis: Oliver Marre". The Guardian (London). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/7days/story/0,,2180308,00.html. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
