Naming taboo is a cultural taboo against speaking or writing the given names of exalted persons in China and neighboring nations in the ancient Chinese cultural sphere.

Kinds of naming taboo[link]

• The naming taboo of the state (国讳; 國諱) discouraged the use of the emperor's given name and those of his ancestors. For example, during the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shi Huang's given name Zheng (政) was avoided, and the first month of the year "Zheng Yue" (政月: the administrative month) was rewritten into "Zheng Yue" (正月: the upright month) and furthermore renamed as "Duan Yue" (端月: the proper/upright month). The character 正 was also pronounced with a different tone (zhèng to zhēng) to avoid any similarity. Generally, ancestor names going back to seven generations were avoided. The strength of this taboo was reinforced by law; transgressors could expect serious punishment for writing an emperor's name without modifications. In 1777, Wang Xihou (王錫侯) in his dictionary criticized the Kangxi dictionary and wrote the Qianlong Emperor's name without leaving out any stroke as required. These disrespects resulted in his and his family's executions and confiscation of their property.^[1]

• The naming taboo of the clan (家讳; 家諱) discouraged the use of the names of one's own ancestors. In diplomatic documents and letters between clans, each clan's naming taboos were observed.

• The naming taboo of the holinesses (圣人讳; 聖人諱) discouraged the use of the names of respected people. For example, writing Confucius' name was taboo during the Jin Dynasty.

Methods to avoid offence[link]

Avoidance of naming taboo: Example of omitting a stroke. The last stroke of each character of Kangxi Emperor's given name "玄" (xuán) and "燁" (yè) is omitted.

There were three ways to avoid using a taboo character:

• Changing the character to another one which usually was a synonym or sounded like the character being avoided. For example, the Xuanwu Gate (玄武門：the Black Warrior Gate) of the Forbidden City was renamed as "Shenwu" (神武門：Gate of Divine Might) in order to avoid the Kangxi Emperor's name Xuanye (玄燁).
• Leaving the character as a blank.
• Omitting a stroke in the character, especially the final stroke.

Compare to the writing of G-d or L-rd in Judaism.

Naming taboo in history[link]

Throughout Chinese history, there were emperors whose names contained common characters who would try to alleviate the burden of the populace in practicing name avoidance. For example, Emperor Xuan of Han, whose given name Bingyi (病已) contained two very common characters, changed his name to Xun (詢), a far less common character, with the stated purpose of making it easier for his people to avoid using his name.^[2] Similarly, Emperor Taizong of Tang, whose given name Shimin (世民) also contained two very common characters, ordered that name avoidance only required the avoidance of the characters Shi and Min in direct succession and that it did not require the avoidance of those characters in isolation. However, his son Emperor Gaozong of Tang effectively made this edict of Emperor Taizong ineffective after his death by requiring the complete avoidance of the characters Shi and Min, necessitating the chancellor Li Shiji to change his name to Li Ji.^[3]

The custom of naming taboo had a built-in contradiction: without knowing what the emperors' names were one could hardly be expected to avoid them, so somehow the emperors' names had to be informally transmitted to the populace to allow them to learn them in order to avoid them. In one famous incident in 435, during the Northern Wei Dynasty, Goguryeo ambassadors made a formal request that the imperial government issue them a document containing the emperors' names so that they could avoid offending the emperor while submitting their king's petition. Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei agreed and issued them such a document.^[4] However, the mechanism of how the regular populace would be able to learn the emperors' names remained generally unclear throughout Chinese history.

Since every reign of every dynasty had its own naming taboos, the study of naming taboos can help date an ancient text.

In Vietnam, the family name Hoàng (黄) was changed to Huỳnh in the South due to the naming taboo of Lord Nguyễn Hoàng's name. Similarly, the family name "Vũ" is known as "Võ" in the South.

See also[link]

• Names of God in Judaism, similar taboo

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• 陳垣 (Chen Yuan)，《史諱舉例》 (Examples of Taboos in History) - the pioneering work in the field, written during the early 20th century, numerous editions

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Derryn Nigel Hinch (born 9 February 1944 in New Plymouth, New Zealand, now an Australian citizen) is an Australian media personality best known for his work on Melbourne radio. He is currently the host of 3AW's drive time radio show. He has also been a police reporter, foreign correspondent, newspaper editor, television show host, novelist and vintner.

Biography[link]

Hinch has been married four times, including twice to Australian actress Jacki Weaver.^[1] He married Chanel Hayton in February 2006.^[2]

Journalism[link]

Hinch began his career at the age of 15 with the Taranaki Herald in New Zealand. In 1963, he came to Australia on the MV Wanganella and joined The Sydney Morning Herald. By 1968 he had become a foreign correspondent for the Fairfax organisation, and finally moved to New York as bureau chief. He remained in the United States for eleven years.

Television[link]

• Hinch (Seven Network 1987–1991, then 1992–1994 Network Ten)
• Beauty and the Beast (1982–1983)
• The Midday Show (Nine Network)
• Mars Venus (Foxtel)
• Dancing with the Stars (Seven Network) (appearance)

Acting[link]

Hinch starred as The Criminologist in the Australian tour of The Rocky Horror Show plus, has appeared as himself in The Wog Boy with Nick Giannopoulos. He has also made cameo appearances on Fast Forward.

Controversies[link]

Michael Glennon[link]

In 1985, Hinch found that Michael Glennon, who had previously been convicted on a charge of indecent assault with a minor, was to be tried on new charges while still running a youth camp. Hinch, who was concerned that parents were unknowingly sending their children to Glennon's camp, first appealed privately to then Victoria Premier John Cain and the then-Attorney General, as well as the head of the Roman Catholic Church in Australia, but in Hinch's words, they "washed their hands" of the situation.^[3] Subsequently Hinch publicly identified Glennon during his trial on the third set of charges, in spite of the strong sub judice rule under Australian jurisprudence. This delayed the trial while Hinch was tried on contempt of court charges; Hinch was fined $10,000 and jailed for 12 days.^[3] This was the first time anyone had gone to jail on a prior restraint issue in Australia.^[4] Hinch appealed his case as far as the High Court of Australia, which affirmed his conviction. In its ruling the Court held that despite Hinch's motivation of warning the public that Glennon continued to hold a position in a youth organisation, it was sufficient to inform them of the current charges against him, and that the information about his prior conviction was prejudicial under Australian law.^[5] Hinch calls the incident "the thing I'm most proud of in my life."^[3]

Mick Gatto's call[link]

On 24 June 2008, whilst discussing the celebrity status of underworld crime figures during his drive program Mick Gatto phoned in and had a brief confrontation with Hinch, ending with a death threat.^[6]

John Laws[link]

On 30 July 2007, John Laws and Hinch attended the 40 Years of Radio Legends, after which Hinch complained the "event had been turned into a tribute to Laws", among other comments which caused ill feeling between the two.^[7]

On 5 December 2007, while on holiday, Hinch was abused verbally with obscenities by John Laws in unprovoked circumstances whilst dining at lunch with 2CH personality Bob Rogers in a restaurant at Woolloomooloo's Finger Wharf in Sydney.^[8][9]

Sexual Relationship With Underage Girl[link]

In his 2004 book, The Fall and Rise of Derryn Hinch, and in a radio editorial in March 2005, Hinch admitted to having sex with a 15 year old when he was in his early thirties although he states he "thought she was about 25". Following his on-air admission, Hinch was roundly criticized by many and notably by Herald Sun journalist Andrew Bolt who called for his legal prosecution.^[10]

Books by Derryn Hinch[link]

• The Scrabble Book (1972, rev. ed. 1977), ISBN 0-333-23073-6
• Death at Newport (1986), ISBN 0-207-15422-8
• AIDS - Most of the Questions, Some of the Answers (1987), ISBN 0-9587779-1-8
• Death In Paradise (1989), ISBN 0-207-16165-8
• The Derryn Hinch Diet (1991), ISBN 0-14-016527-4
• That's Life (1992), ISBN 0-14-016986-5
• The Ultimate Guide to Winning Scrabble (2001), ISBN 1-86325-324-6
• 101 Ways To Lose Your Mobile Phone (2001), ISBN 0-646-40631-0
• The Fall and Rise of Derryn Hinch: How I Hit the Wall and Didn't Bleed (2004), ISBN 1-74066-159-1

Health[link]

In 2006, Hinch lost weight and his health declined.^[11][12] On 4 March 2007, he revealed on 60 Minutes he had been suffering from advanced cirrhosis of the liver, and that a tumour had been found on his liver. On 27 April 2007, Hinch returned hospital for additional scans.^[13][14][15] On 4 August 2007, Hinch revealed he had inoperable liver cancer.^[16]

On 20 September 2010, Hinch confirmed the liver cancer diagnosis, and said that he expected to undergo surgery to remove a third of his liver, and that this would take him off-air for several weeks. Doctors gave him a 60 per cent chance of surviving a further five years.^[17] On 4 November 2010, Hinch told his listeners that his doctors had told him that without a liver transplant, his maximum survival would be 12 months.^[18]

On 6 July 2011, Hinch underwent liver transplant surgery at the Austin Hospital in Melbourne.^[19]

Criminal conviction[link]

In June 2011, he was convicted of breaching suppression orders against the names of two sex offenders, and was subsequently sentenced to five months home detention.^[20]

Footnotes[link]

External links[link]

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (February 2008)

• Official Derryn Hinch web site
• Official Derryn Hinch old web site
• Official Hinch Twitter account
• Derryn Hinch Biography, Information, etc ...
• Derryn Hinch at the Internet Movie Database
• I'm Derryn, I'm back and that's life (The Age, 26 February 2003)
• interview with George Negus 30 June 2004
• interview with Andrew Denton
• HINCH and MACQUARIE BROADCASTING HOLDINGS LIMITED v. THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL FOR THE STATE OF VICTORIA (1987) 164 CLR 15 F.C. 87/046 (High Court judgment)
• 3AW Hinch highlights

Mike Posner
Mike Posner, July 2010.
Background information
Birth name	Michael Robert Posner
Born	(1988-02-12) February 12, 1988 (age 24) Southfield, Michigan, U.S.
Origin	Detroit, Michigan, United States
Genres	R&B, dance, electronic, hip hop
Occupations	Singer, songwriter
Years active	2007–present
Labels	J, RCA
Associated acts	Big Sean, Lil Wayne, Cher Lloyd, Your Favorite Martian, Justin Bieber
Website	mikeposner.com

Michael Robert "Mike" Posner (born February 12, 1988) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer.^[1] Posner released his debut album, 31 Minutes to Takeoff, on August 10, 2010. The album includes the Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 single "Cooler Than Me," his second single, "Please Don't Go," as well as his third single, "Bow Chicka Wow Wow". As of 2012, he is the ambassador of Reebok Classic's RealFlex range.^[2]

Early life and education[link]

Posner was born and raised in Southfield, Michigan.^[3][4] His father, a criminal defense attorney, is Jewish, and his mother is Catholic.^[5][6] Posner attended and graduated from Groves High School, where he ran varsity track and cross-country, and went on to attend Duke University. There, Posner went Sigma Nu^[7] and graduated in 2010 with a degree in sociology and a certificate in markets and management, with an overall GPA of 3.59.^[3][4][8]

Career[link]

2008–2009: Musical beginnings[link]

Manager Daniel Weisman of Elitaste Inc. first heard about Mike Posner in 2008 when Jared Evan manager Saytum passed on some tracks Posner had created for Weisman's then client Wale.^[9] Weisman got in touch with Posner and, impressed by songs including "Cooler Than Me", began an informal mentoring relationship with the artist over iChat.^[9] The association was made official in early 2009 after Posner's second mixtape, A Matter of Time (the first mixtape being Reflections of a Lost Teen) started attracting industry attention.^[9] Working with Don Cannon and DJ Benzi, the mixtape was released from his dorm room at Duke University in March 2009 under the name, "Mike Posner & the Brain Trust," the Brain Trust referring to Posner's supporters.^[10] The release was unusual for being distributed for free through iTunes U, a channel designed for educational audio content. Although Posner was not the only artist to take advantage of this loophole, his release was the most organised and high profile, and attracted the largest response, immediately reaching the number one position on the iTunes U chart, thanks to his manager Saytum.^[9]

In July 2009, Posner signed a deal with J Records (RCA/Sony).^[11] He chose to return to Duke after signing his record deal, and toured on the weekends while at the same time recording for his debut album.^[12][13][14] Posner's third mixtape One Foot Out the Door, hosted by Clinton Sparks, was released on October 27, 2009. The mixtape was accompanied by a web series also entitled One Foot Out the Door which aired bi-weekly from September 30, 2009 until December 2009.

[edit] 2010: 31 Minutes to Takeoff

31 Minutes to Takeoff, his debut album was released on August 10, 2010. The first single from the album, "Cooler Than Me," produced by Gigamesh, climbed the Billboard Hot 100 to reach No. 6^[15] before going on to attain global success.^[16] He performed at Bonnaroo and the 2010 Warped Tour where he was a crowd favorite. A second single, "Please Don't Go," was issued on July 20, 2010.

Posner performed on national television for the first time on the talk show Last Call with Carson Daly on October 27, 2009. He also performed his song "Cooler Than Me" on America's Got Talent on July 28, 2010. He performed on Live with Regis and Kelly on August 3, and on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on August 4. He performed "Cooler Than Me" on The Wendy Williams Show on August 5, 2010, and on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on August 9, 2010. Posner has collaborated with artists Lil Wayne, Bruno Mars, Wale, Big Sean, Bun B, We The Kings, Saigon, One Be Lo, Eric Holljes, Cher Lloyd, and 3OH!3. On February 1, 2011, Posner released a radio mix of "Bow Chicka Wow Wow" which included a new verse from Lil Wayne. He performed his song Bow Chicka Wow Wow live on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on April 19, 2011.

He has also covered many popular songs, including Beyoncé's "Halo," Adele's "Rolling in the Deep," Coldplay's "The Scientist" and Kanye West's Heartless.

Posner was nominated for a 2010 American Music Award (T-Mobile Breakthrough Artist), a 2010 MTV Europe Music Award (Push Artist) and won a 2011 ASCAP Award ("Cooler Than Me").

2011–present: Second album[link]

On October 7, 2011, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records. With the shutdown, Posner (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release his future material on the RCA Records brand.^[17][18]

He provided vocals for X-Factor contestant Cher Lloyd's second single "With Ur Love",^[19] released on October 29, 2011.

"Looks Like Sex", the first single of his upcoming album titled Sky High, was released on December 2, 2011. On January 18, 2012, Posner collaborated with cartoon band Your Favorite Martian on the YouTube video, She Looks Like Sex^[20], a remix of "Looks Like Sex". His second single will be "Top of the World", produced by Diplo, which features Big Sean.^[21]

It was revealed on March 1, 2012 that Posner had collaborated with Justin Bieber to write the first single from Bieber's upcoming album Believe. The single is called "Boyfriend" and was released on March 26, 2012. He has also been working on Labrinth's album.^[22]

Discography[link]

• 31 Minutes to Takeoff (2010)
• Sky High (2012)^[23]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Recording Institute of Detroit Home Page

Rory Wilbur White (born August 16, 1959, in Tuskegee, Alabama) is a retired American professional basketball player. A 6'8" (2.03 m) and 210 lb (95 kg) forward, he played collegiately at the University of South Alabama, and was the Sun Belt Conference Player of the year in 1979. He was selected with the 17th pick of the fourth round of the 1982 NBA Draft by the Phoenix Suns.^[1] He averaged 11.7 points and 0.99 steals per game with the Los Angeles Clippers in 1985–86, arguably his best season.

After his NBA career ended in 1987, White played in the CBA (with Santa Barbara, Rapid City, Oklahoma City and Fargo-Moorhead) and overseas (Argentina, Belgium, Israel, Italy and Spain).^[2]

Notes[link]

1. ^ 1982 NBA Draft, basketballreference.com
2. ^ Rory White NBA coach file, nba.com

External links[link]

• Rory White NBA coach file, nba.com
• Rory White NBA stats, basketballreference.com

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