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Brown trout, Salmo trutta m. fario

Trout is the name for a number of species of freshwater fish belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of the subfamily Salmoninae of the family Salmonidae. The word trout is also used as part of the name of some non-salmonid fish such as Cynoscion nebulosus, the spotted seatrout or speckled trout.

Trout are closely related to salmon and char (or charr): species termed salmon and char occur in the same genera as do trout (Oncorhynchus - Pacific salmon and trout, Salmo - Atlantic salmon and various trout, Salvelinus - char and trout).

Most trout such as Lake trout live in freshwater lakes and/or rivers exclusively, while there are others such as the Rainbow trout which spend two or three years at sea before returning to freshwater to spawn, a habit more typical of salmon.

Trout are an important food source for humans and wildlife including brown bears, birds of prey such as eagles, and other animals. They are classified as an oily fish.^[1]

Species[link]

The name trout is commonly used for some species in three of the seven genera in the subfamily Salmoninae: Salmo, Atlantic species; Oncorhynchus, Pacific species; and Salvelinus, which includes fish also sometimes called char or charr. Fish referred to as trout include:

• Genus Salmo

• • Adriatic trout, Salmo obtusirostris
    • S. o. oxyrhynchus
    • S. o. salonitana
    • S. o. krkensis
    • S. o. zetensis
  • Salmo trutta
    • Brown trout, S. t. morpha fario and S. t. morpha lacustris
    • Sea trout, S. t. morpha trutta
  • Flathead trout, Salmo platycephalus
  • Marble trout, Soca River trout or Soča trout – Salmo marmoratus
  • Ohrid trout, Salmo letnica, S. balcanicus (exctinct), S. lumi, and S. aphelios
  • Sevan trout, Salmo ischchan
    • Winter bakhtak, S. i. ischchan
    • Summer bakhtak, S. i. aestivalis
    • Gegharkuni, S. i. gegarkuni
    • Bojak, S. i. danilewskii
• Genus Oncorhynchus

Oncorhynchus: Rainbow trout, O. mykiss

• • Biwa trout, Oncorhynchus masou rhodurus
  • Cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki
    • Coastal cutthroat trout, O. c. clarki
      • Crescenti trout, O. c. crescenti
    • Alvord cutthroat trout O. c. alvordensis (extinct)
    • Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah
    • Humboldt cutthroat trout O. c. spp.
    • Lahontan cutthroat trout O. c. henshawi
      • Whitehorse Basin cutthroat trout, O. c. spp.
    • Paiute cutthroat trout O. c. seleniris
    • Snake River fine-spotted cutthroat trout, O. c. behnkei
    • Westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisi
    • Yellowfin cutthroat trout O. c. macdonaldi (extinct)
    • Yellowstone cutthroat trout O. c. bouvieri
    • Colorado River cutthroat trout O. c. pleuriticus
    • Greenback cutthroat trout O. c. stomias
    • Rio Grande cutthroat trout O. c. virginalis
  • Oncorhynchus gilae
    • Gila trout, O. g. gilae
    • Apache trout, O. g. apache
  • Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
    • Kamchatkan rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss mykiss
    • Columbia River redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii
    • Coastal rainbow trout/Steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus
      • Beardslee trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus var. beardsleei
    • Great Basin redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss newberrii
    • Golden trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita
      • Kern River rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. gilberti
      • Sacramento golden trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. stonei
      • Little Kern golden trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita var. whitei
    • Kamloops rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss kamloops
    • Baja California rainbow trout, Nelson's trout, or San Pedro Martir trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss nelsoni
    • Eagle Lake trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss aquilarum
    • McCloud River redband, Oncorhynchus mykiss stonei
    • Sheepheaven Creek redband, Oncorhynchus mykiss spp.
  • Mexican Golden Trout, Oncorhynchus chrysogaster (Includes as many as eight other species or sub-species, not yet formally named)
• Genus Salvelinus (Char)

Salvelinus: Brook trout, S. fontinalis

• • Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
    • Aurora trout, S. f. timagamiensis
  • Bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus
  • Salvelinus malma
    • Dolly Varden trout, S. m. malma
    • Southern Dolly Varden, S. m. krascheninnikova
    • S. m. miyabei
  • Lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush
  • Silver trout, † Salvelinus agassizi (extinct)
• Hybrids
  • Tiger trout, Salmo trutta X Salvelinus fontinalis
  • Splake, Salvelinus namaycush X Salvelinus fontinalis

Anatomy[link]

Trout that live in different environments can have dramatically different colorations and patterns. Mostly, these colors and patterns form as camouflage, based on the surroundings, and will change as the fish moves to different habitats. Trout in, or newly returned from the sea, can look very silvery, while the same fish living in a small stream or in an alpine lake could have pronounced markings and more vivid coloration; it is also possible that in some species this signifies that they are ready to mate. It is virtually impossible to define a particular color pattern as belonging to a specific breed; however, in general, wild fish are claimed to have more vivid colors and patterns.

Trout have fins entirely without spines, and all of them have a small adipose fin along the back, near the tail. The pelvic fins sit well back on the body, on each side of the anus. The swim bladder is connected to the esophagus, allowing for gulping or rapid expulsion of air, a condition known as physostome. Unlike many other physostome fish, the trout do not use their bladder as an auxiliary device for oxygen uptake, relying solely on their gills.

There are many species, and even more populations that are isolated from each other and morphologically different. However, since many of these distinct populations show no significant genetic differences, what may appear to be a large number of species is considered a much smaller number of distinct species by most ichthyologists. The trout found in the eastern United States are a good example of this. The brook trout, the aurora trout, and the (extinct) silver trout all have physical characteristics and colorations that distinguish them, yet genetic analysis shows that they are one species, Salvelinus fontinalis.

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), like brook trout, belong to the char genus. Lake trout inhabit many of the larger lakes in North America, and live much longer than rainbow trout, which have an average maximum lifespan of 7 years. Lake trout can live many decades, and can grow to more than 30 kilograms (66 lb).

Habitat[link]

A trout farm in Sochi, Russia

Trout are usually found in cool (50–60 °F, 10–16 °C), clear streams and lakes, although many of the species have anadromous strains as well. Young trout are referred to as troutlet, troutling or fry. They are distributed naturally throughout North America, northern Asia and Europe. Several species of trout were introduced to Australia and New Zealand by amateur fishing enthusiasts in the 19th century, effectively displacing and endangering several upland native fish species. The introduced species included brown trout from England and rainbow trout from California. The rainbow trout were a steelhead strain, generally accepted as coming from Sonoma Creek. The rainbow trout of New Zealand still show the steelhead tendency to run up rivers in winter to spawn.^[2] The closest resemblance of seema trout and other trout family can be found in the Himalayan Region of India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan and in Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan.

Diet[link]

Trout generally feed on other fish, and soft bodied aquatic invertebrates, such as flies, mayflies, caddisflies, stoneflies, mollusks and dragonflies. In lakes, various species of zooplankton often form a large part of the diet. In general, trout longer than about 300 millimetres (12 in) prey almost exclusively on fish, where they are available. Adult trout will devour smaller fish up to 1/3 their length. Trout may feed on shrimp, mealworms, bloodworms, insects, small animal parts, and eel.

1fillet of trout (79g) contains:^[3]

• Calories :117
• Fat(g): 5.22
• Carbohydrates(g): 0
• Fibers(g): 0
• Protein(g): 16.41
• Cholesterol(mg): 46

As food[link]

Trout fillet.

As a group, trout are somewhat bony, but the flesh is generally considered to be tasty. The flavor of the flesh is heavily influenced by the diet of the fish. For example, trout that have been feeding on crustaceans tend to be more flavorful than those feeding primarily on insect life. Additionally, they provide a good fight when caught with a hook and line, and are sought after recreationally. Because of their popularity, trout are often raised on fish farms and planted into heavily fished waters, in an effort to mask the effects of overfishing. While they can be caught with a normal rod and reel, fly fishing is a distinctive method developed primarily for trout, and now extended to other species. Farmed trout and char are also sold commercially as food fish.

According to the British Nutrition Foundation, trout contain one of the lowest amounts of dioxins (a type of environmental contaminant) of all oily fishes.^[4]

River fishing[link]

Golden trout, Oncorhynchus aguabonita

Understanding how moving water shapes the stream channel makes it easier to find trout. In most streams, the current creates a riffle-run-pool pattern that repeats itself over and over. A deep pool may hold a big brown trout, but rainbows and smaller browns are likely found in runs. Riffles are where you will find small trout, called troutlet, during the day and larger trout crowding in during morning and evening feeding periods.

• Riffles have a fast current and shallow water. This gives way to a bottom of gravel, rubble or boulder. Riffles are morning and evening feeding areas. Trout usually spawn just above or below riffles, but may spawn right in them.

• Runs are deeper than riffles with a moderate current and are found between riffles and pools. The bottom is made up of small gravel or rubble. These hot spots hold trout almost anytime, if there is sufficient cover.

• Pools are smoother and look darker than the other areas of the stream. The deep, slow-moving water generally has a bottom of silt, sand, or small gravel. Pools make good midday resting spots for medium to large trout.^[5]

• It is recommended that when fishing for trout, that the fisher(s) should use line in the 4–8 lb test for streamfish, and stronger line with the same diameter for trout from the sea or from a large lake, such as Lake Michigan. It is also recommended to use a hook size 8-5 for trout of all kind. Trout, especially farm-raised ones, tend to like salmon eggs, worms, minnows, cut bait, corn, or marshmallows.

See also[link]

• Trout tickling

References[link]

• Trout and Salmon of North America, Robert J. Behnke, Illustrated by Joseph R. Tomelleri, The Free Press, 2002, hardcover, 359 pages, ISBN 0-7432-2220-2
• Trout Science, Troutlet.com, 2000, knowledgebase article

External links[link]

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Trout

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Trout

• Trout at the Open Directory Project
• Trout Species
• Trout.co.uk – Website focused purely on trout fishing.
• TU.ORG – Conserving, protecting and restoring North America's coldwater fisheries and their watersheds.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2009)

Walter Trout
Trout at the 2007 Riverwalk Blues Festival
Background information
Born	(1951-03-06) March 6, 1951 (age 61) Ocean City, New Jersey, United States
Genres	Blues, blues rock
Occupations	Musician Songwriter
Years active	1969–present
Labels	Ruf/Platinum/Provogue
Associated acts	John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, Canned Heat, Percy Mayfield
Website	Waltertrout.com

Walter Trout (born March 6, 1951, Ocean City, New Jersey, United States^[1]) is an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter.

Biography[link]

Trout's career began on the Jersey coast scene of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He then decided to relocate to Los Angeles where he became a sideman for Percy Mayfield and Deacon Jones. He also worked in the bands of John Lee Hooker and Joe Tex.^[1]

In 1981 he became the guitarist for Canned Heat.^[1] This led to an invitation to play in John Mayall's Bluesbreakers where he shared the stage with fellow guitarist Coco Montoya. He left the Bluesbreakers in 1989 and formed the 'Walter Trout Band' which developed a successful following in Europe.

In 1994 the official Walter Trout Fan Club for the Netherlands and Belgium was founded, followed in 1996 by the official International Fan Club who has members in 14 countries in Europe, America, Asia and Australia. In 2006 the official International Fan club celebrated its tenth anniversary by giving fan club members an exclusive live CD recorded in Las Vegas, Nevada, which was the last performance of the late bassist, Jimmy Trapp, who died in 2005.

In 1998 Trout released his self-titled US debut album and renamed his band 'Walter Trout and the Free Radicals' (later renamed 'Walter Trout and the Radicals' and currently simply 'Walter Trout'). Since that time Trout has been recording and touring in North America, Europe and India.

In 2002, he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album, Hey Bo Diddley - A Tribute!, performing the song "Road Runner" and many more guest appearances on other recordings.

The 2006 release Full Circle, meant that Trout realized his dream of creating an album with some of his most admired musicians, including John Mayall, Coco Montoya, and Joe Bonamassa, among others.^[1]

Discography[link]

Walter Trout in concert at Skanderborg Festival 2007, Denmark

Walter Trout Band

• 1990 Life in the Jungle (re-released in US in 2002)
• 1990 Prisoner of a Dream
• 1992 Transition
• 1992 No More Fish Jokes (live album)
• 1994 Tellin' Stories
• 1995 Breaking The Rules
• 1996 Jimi Hendrix Music Festival (Janblues)
• 1997 Positively Beale St.

Walter Trout and the Free Radicals

• 1998 Walter Trout (same tracks as Positively Beale St.)
• 1999 Livin' Every Day
• 2000 Face The Music (Live on Tour)
• 2000 Live Trout

John Mayall's Bluesbreakers featuring Walter Trout

• 1985 Behind the Iron Curtain (live in Hungary), reissue:
  • 2004 Steppin' Out
• 1987 Chicago Line, reissues:
  • 1994 Uncle John's Nickel Guitar
  • 1999 Blues Power (with bonus CD Life in the Jungle: Charly Blues Masterworks Vol. 4)
  • 2000 Blues Breaker (with 2 bonus tracks)
• 1988 The Power of the Blues (live in Germany 1987), reissues:
  • 1993 New Bluesbreakers: The Blues Collection Vol. 8
  • 2003 Blues Forever (with bonus CD Life in the Jungle: Charly Blues Masterworks Vol. 4)
• 1993 Life in the Jungle: Charly Blues Masterworks Vol. 4
• 2005 Rolling with the Blues (live 1972-1973, 1980 and 1982), reissue:
  • 2006 The Private Collection

Walter Trout and the Radicals

• 2001 Go The Distance
• 2003 Relentless
• 2005 Deep Trout: The Early Years of Walter Trout
• 2006 Full Circle (featuring guest artists)
• 2007 Hardcore (self released recording of the 'Power Trio' playing live in Europe)

Walter Trout

• 2008 The Outsider
• 2009 Unspoiled By Progress: 20 Years of Hardcore Blues (previously unreleased tracks and three new songs)
• 2010 Common Ground
• 2012 Blues For The Modern Daze

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Walter Trout

External links[link]

• Waltertrout.com - Official Website of Walter Trout and Official Global Fan Club.
• waltertroutfanclub.nl - Official Website of Dutch Walter Trout Fanclub.
• Intrepid Records – Artist page.
• 2006 Walter Trout interview by Brian D. Holland

Jacqueline Mary du Pré OBE (26 January 1945 – 19 October 1987) was a British cellist. She is particularly associated with Elgar's Cello Concerto in E Minor; her interpretation has been described as "definitive" and "legendary."^[1] Her career was cut short by multiple sclerosis, which forced her to stop performing at 28 and led to her premature death. Posthumously, she was the subject of a cinematic film "Hilary and Jackie", factually controversial and criticized for sensationalising her private life. The film was based on the memoir "A Genius in the Family" published by her siblings Hilary du Pré and Piers du Pre.

Early years[link]

Du Pré was born in Oxford, England, the second child of Derek and Iris du Pré. Derek was born in Jersey where his family had lived for generations. After working as an accountant at Lloyds Bank in St Helier and London, he became assistant editor and later editor of The Accountant. Iris Greep du Pré was a talented concert pianist who taught at the Royal Academy of Music.^[2] At the age of four du Pré is said to have heard the sound of the cello on the radio and asked her mother for "one of those." She began with lessons from her mother, who composed little pieces accompanied by illustrations, before beginning study at the London Violoncello School at age five. Her first teacher was Alison Dalrymple. She attended Croydon High School, an independent day school for girls in South Croydon.

From an early age du Pré was entering and winning local music competitions alongside her sister, flautist Hilary du Pré. Her main teacher from 1955 to 1961, both privately and at the Guildhall School of Music in London, was the celebrated cellist William Pleeth. In 1960 she won the Gold Medal of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama and the same year participated in a Pablo Casals masterclass in Zermatt, Switzerland. In 1962 she undertook short-term studies with Paul Tortelier in Paris, and in 1966 with Mstislav Rostropovich in Russia. Rostropovich was so impressed with his young pupil that at the end of his tutorship he declared her "the only cellist of the younger generation that could equal and overtake [his] own achievement."^[3]

Career[link]

In March 1961, at age 16, du Pré made her formal début, at Wigmore Hall, London. She was accompanied by Ernest Lush, and played sonatas by Handel, Brahms, Debussy and de Falla, and a solo cello suite by Bach. She made her concerto début on 21 March 1962 at the Royal Festival Hall playing the Elgar Cello Concerto with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Rudolf Schwarz. She performed at the Proms in 1963, playing the Elgar Concerto with Sir Malcolm Sargent. Her performance of the concerto proved so popular that she returned three years in succession to perform the work. At her 3 September 1964 Prom Concert, she performed the Elgar concerto as well as the world premiere of Priaulx Rainier's Cello Concerto. Du Pré became a favourite at the Proms, performing every year until 1969.

In 1965, at age 20, du Pré recorded the Elgar Concerto for EMI with the London Symphony Orchestra and Sir John Barbirolli, which brought her international recognition. This recording has become the benchmark reference for the work, and one which has never been out of print since its release. Du Pré also performed the Elgar with the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Antal Doráti for her United States début, at Carnegie Hall on 14 May 1965.

Du Pré performed with several prestigious orchestras, including the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony, London Philharmonic, New Philharmonia Orchestra, BBC Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Israel Philharmonic, and the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra. She regularly performed with such famous conductors as Barbirolli, Sargent, Sir Adrian Boult, Daniel Barenboim, Zubin Mehta, and Leonard Bernstein.

Du Pré primarily played two Stradivarius cellos, the 1673 cello, and the 1712 Davidov Stradivarius. Both instruments were gifts from her godmother, Ismena Holland. She performed with the 1673 Stradivarius from 1961 until 1964, when she acquired the Davidov. Many of her most famous recordings were made on this instrument, including the Elgar Concerto with Barbirolli, the Robert Schumann Cello Concerto with Barenboim, and the two Brahms cello sonatas. From 1969 to 1970 du Pré played a Francesco Goffriller cello, and in 1970 she acquired a modern instrument from the Philadelphia violin maker Sergio Peresson. It was the Peresson cello that du Pré played for the remainder of her career until 1973, using it for a second, live, recording of the Elgar Concerto, and her last studio recording, of Frédéric Chopin's Cello Sonata in G minor and César Franck's Violin Sonata in A arranged as a cello sonata, in December 1971.

Her friendship with musicians Yehudi Menuhin, Itzhak Perlman, Zubin Mehta, and Pinchas Zukerman and marriage to Daniel Barenboim led to many memorable chamber-music performances. In a book review for two biographies about the cellist, the former wife of Zukerman once wrote that du Pré was "one of the most stunningly gifted musicians of our time".^[4] The 1969 performance at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London of the Schubert Piano Quintet in A major, "The Trout", was the basis of a film, The Trout, by Christopher Nupen. Nupen made other films featuring du Pré, including Jacqueline du Pré and the Elgar Cello Concerto, a documentary featuring a live performance of the Elgar; and The Ghost, with Barenboim and Zukerman in a performance of the "Ghost" Piano Trio in D major, by Beethoven.

Personal life[link]

Jacqueline du Pré met pianist Daniel Barenboim on New Year's Eve 1966. Shortly after the Six-Day War ended, she cancelled all her existing engagements (to the enormous annoyance of promoters),^[5] and they flew to Jerusalem. She converted to Judaism, and they were married on 15 June 1967^[6] at the Western Wall.

Du Pré’s sister Hilary married conductor Christopher "Kiffer" Finzi, and they had four children. Jacqueline had an affair with Finzi from 1971 to 1972. According to Hilary and her brother Piers in their book A Genius in the Family, which was made into the film Hilary and Jackie, the affair was conducted with Hilary's consent as a way of helping Jacqueline through a nervous breakdown.^[7] In 1999, Clare Finzi, the daughter of Kiffer and Hilary, publicly criticised her mother's account and laid out a different version of events. She said her father was a serial adulterer who had seduced her emotionally vulnerable aunt in a time of great need in order to gratify his own ego.

Multiple sclerosis[link]

In 1971 du Pré’s playing began an irreversible decline as she started to lose sensitivity in her fingers and other parts of her body. She was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in October 1973. Her last recording of sonatas by Chopin and Franck took place in December 1971. She went on sabbatical from 1971 to 1972, and she performed rarely. In 1973 du Pré resumed performance, but by then her symptoms had become severe. In January she toured North America. Some of the less-than-complimentary reviews were an indication that her condition had worsened, although there were brief moments when she played without noticeable problems. Her last London concerts were in February 1973, performing the Elgar Concerto with Zubin Mehta and the New Philharmonia Orchestra.

Her last public concerts took place in New York in February 1973: four performances of the Brahms Double Concerto with Pinchas Zukerman and Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic were scheduled. Du Pré recalled that she had problems judging the weight of the bow, and just opening the cello case had become difficult. As she had lost sensation in her fingers, she had to coordinate her fingering visually. She performed three of the concerts and cancelled the last. Isaac Stern stepped in for her, performing Felix Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto.

Du Pré died in London on 19 October 1987, aged 42. She is buried in Golders Green Jewish Cemetery.

The Vuitton Foundation purchased her Davidov Stradivarius for just over £1 million and made it available on loan to Yo-Yo Ma. Russian cellist Nina Kotova now owns the 1673 Stradivarius, named by Lynn Harrell the du Pré Stradivarius in tribute.^[8] Her 1970 Peresson cello is currently on loan to cellist Kyril Zlotnikov of the Jerusalem Quartet.^[9]

Controversial book and film[link]

Anand Tucker's controversial 1998 film Hilary and Jackie is based on A Genius in the Family, with Emily Watson as Jacqueline and Rachel Griffiths as Hilary. Although the film was a critical and box-office success and received several Academy Award nominations, it ignited a furore, especially in London, the centre of du Pre's activities. A group of her closest colleagues, including fellow cellists Mstislav Rostropovich and Julian Lloyd Webber, sent a bristling letter to The Times. Clare Finzi, Hilary's daughter, charged that the film was a "gross misinterpretation, which I cannot let go unchallenged." Students from the Royal College of Music picketed the premiere. Barenboim was said to have remarked, "Couldn't they have waited until I was dead?"^[10]

Hilary, Jackie's sister and co-author of the book, strongly defends both the book and the film. She wrote in The Guardian: "At first I could not understand why people didn't believe my story, because I had set out to tell the whole truth. When you tell someone the truth about your family, you don't expect them to turn around and say that it's bunkum. But I knew that Jackie would have respected what I had done. If I had gone for half-measures, she would have torn it up. She would have wanted the complete story to be told."^[11] The New Yorker reported Hilary as saying, "When you love someone, you love the whole of them. Those who are against the film want to look only at the pieces of Jackie's life that they accept. I don't think the film has taken any liberties at all. Jackie would have absolutely loved it."^[12]

Honours and awards[link]

Du Pré received several fellowships from music academies and honorary doctorate degrees from universities in honour of her contribution to music. In 1956 she was the second recipient (after Rohan de Saram in 1955) of the prestigious Guilhermina Suggia Award, at age 11, and remains the youngest recipient. In 1960, she won the Gold Medal of the Guildhall School of Music in London and the Queen's Prize for British musicians. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours.^[13] At the 1977 BRIT Awards, she won the award for the best classical soloist album of the past 25 years for Elgar's Cello Concerto.^{[citation needed]}

After her death, a rose cultivar named after her received the Award of Garden Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.^[14] She was made an honorary fellow of St Hilda's College, Oxford, whose music building bears her name.

In 2012, she was voted into the first Gramophone Hall of Fame.^[15]

References[link]

Selected discography[link]

• Elgar: Cello Concerto / Sea Pictures / Cockaigne (In London Town) Overture. Janet Baker. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli (EMI 0724356288720)
• Brahms: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724356275829)
• Haydn: Cello Concertos Nos. 1 & 2/ Boccherini: Cello Concerto in B flat (arr. Grützmacher). English Chamber Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim. London Symphony Orchestra/Sir John Barbirolli (EMI 0724356694828)
• Beethoven: Piano Trios Opp. 1 & 97 / Variations and Allegrettos. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman (EMI 0094635079821)
• Beethoven: Piano Trio Op. 70/Cello Sonatas Nos. 3 & 5. Daniel Barenboim, Pinchas Zukerman (Trio), Stephen Kovacevich (sonatas) (EMI 0094635080728)
• Jacqueline du Pré – The Early BBC Recordings (EMI 0724358623628)
• Beethoven: Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724358624229)
• Beethoven Cello Sonatas, No. 3 in A, Op. 69; No. 5 in D, Op. 102; No. 2 (Angel 36384)
• Brahms/Chopin/Franck:Cello Sonatas. Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724358623321)
• Dvořák: Cello Concerto in B minor/Schumann:Cello Concerto in A Minor; New Philharmonia Orchestra^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Chicago Symphony Orchestra/Daniel Barenboim (EMI 0724356280526)
• The Complete EMI Recordings (17 discs). Various co-performers (EMI 5099950416721)

On DVD

• Remembering Jacqueline du Pré (1994), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Jacqueline du Pré in Portrait (2004), directed by Christopher Nupen
• The Trout (1970 documentary released on DVD in 2005), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Jacqueline du Pré: A Celebration of Her Unique and Enduring Gift (2007), directed by Christopher Nupen
• Hilary and Jackie (1998), dramatised portrait directed by Anand Tucker

Bibliography[link]

• Wilson, Elizabeth A. M. (1999). Jacqueline du Pré: Her Life, Her Music, Her Legend. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-20017-6. 
• Easton, Carol (2000). Jacqueline du Pré: A Biography. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80976-1. 
• Du Pré, Piers; du Pré, Hilary (1997). A Genius in the Family: Intimate Memoir of Jacqueline du Pré. London: Sinclair-Stevenson. ISBN 1-85619-753-0. 

External links[link]

• Official website
• Emily Watson, "Interview with Hilary du Pré and Emily Watson"
• Jay Nordlinger, "Critical review 'twisted sister' "
• 'Who was Jacqueline du Pré'^{[dead link]}
• Biography on "Cellist.nl" Database

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2009)

Tom Rosenbauer is a fly fishing mentor and author who currently works and resides in the Manchester, Vermont area. He has published books for Orvis, which he has been with for over 30 years.^[1]

Rosenbauer is also the host of the Orvis Fly Fishing Guide Podcast which has been syndicated on the Internet since April 2008.

Selected works[link]

Source.

• The Orvis Guide to Small Stream Fly Fishing
• The Orvis Guide to the Essential American Flies (October 2011)
• The Orvis Guide to Prospecting for Trout: How to Catch Fish When There's No Hatch to Match, Revised Edition
• The Orvis Fly-Fishing Guide, Completely Revised and Updated with Over 400 New Color Photos and Illustrations
• The Orvis Guide To Reading Trout Streams
• The Orvis Fly-Tying Guide (winner of the 2001 National Outdoor Book Award (Instructional))
• The Orvis Guide to Beginning Fly Fishing: 101 Tips for the Absolute Beginner
• Casting Illusions: The World of Fly-Fishing
• Fly Fishing In America

References[link]

Mike Trout
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim – No. 27
Outfielder
Born: (1991-08-07) August 7, 1991 (age 20) Millville, New Jersey
Bats: Right	Throws: Right
MLB debut
July 8, 2011 for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Career statistics (through May 25 , 2012)
Batting average	.253
Home runs	9
Runs batted in	28
Teams
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2011–present)

Michael Nelson Trout (born August 7, 1991 in Millville, New Jersey) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball. He debuted with the Angels in 2011.

Trout was considered to be one of the top prospects in all of baseball and was named the second best overall prospect by Baseball America, during their midseason update in July 2010.^[1] Prior to the 2011 season, Trout was ranked #1 by ESPN's Keith Law in his 2011 top 100 prospects list.^[2] MLB's Jonathan Mayo also named Trout the #1 prospect in all of baseball during MLB Network's airing of MLB's Top 50 Prospects.^[3]

Early life[link]

Trout's father, Jeff Trout, was a fifth round draft pick by the Minnesota Twins in 1983.^[4] Trout began playing baseball in Little League.^[5]

Amateur career[link]

Trout attended Millville Senior High School in Millville, New Jersey. Initially a shortstop, Trout shifted to the outfield during his senior year. That year, he hit 18 home runs, a New Jersey high school record.^[6]

Trout committed to attend East Carolina University on a baseball scholarship.^[6] Though scouted by MLB teams, Trout was passed over by teams in the draft as players from New Jersey typically do not play baseball throughout the year, as they do in warmer states such as California, Texas, and Florida.^[4]

Professional career[link]

Trout was drafted by the Angels 25th overall in the 2009 Major League Baseball Draft.^[7] He started his professional career in 2009 playing for the Arizona Angels of the Rookie-level Arizona League, hitting .360 with one home run, 25 runs batted in and 13 stolen bases in 164 at bats over 39 games. He finished the season playing for the Cedar Rapids Kernels of the Class A Midwest League, hitting .267 over 15 at bats in five games.

Trout with the Angels in 2011

Before the 2010 season Trout was considered the Angels third best prospect and 85th in all of baseball by Baseball America.^[8][9] He started the season playing for Cedar Rapids, where he hit .362 with six home runs, 39 runs batted in and 45 stolen bases in 82 games. For his play he was selected to play in the All-Star Futures Game.^[6] After the Futures Game, he was promoted to the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes of the Class A-Advanced California League.^[10]

After ending the 2010 season with the Quakes, Trout was named 2010 J.G. Taylor Spink Award as the Topps/Minor League Player of the Year. At just 19 years and two months, Trout became the youngest player to win this award.^[11] He was also named a Baseball America All Star as well as a Topps Class A All Star.^[12]

Trout started the 2011 season with the Arkansas Travelers of the Class AA Texas League. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim called up Trout on July 8, 2011, to replace the injured Peter Bourjos in center field. He made his major league debut that night, going 0–3 with 2 flyouts and a groundout.^[13] Trout hit his first major league home run against Baltimore Orioles pitcher Mark Worrell on July 24, 2011.^[14]

After spending time back in Double-A Arkansas, Trout was recalled back to play with the Angels on August 19, 2011. He went one for four that night, hitting a home run, the first for him at Angel Stadium.^[15]

For the 2011 season,^[16] Trout was named Baseball America Minor League Player of the Year.^[17][18] He was also named an outfielder on Baseball America's 2011 Minor League All Star team.^[19] He is also the youngest Angel to hit 2 homeruns in one game.^[20]

Trout began the 2012 season with the Salt Lake Bees of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. On April 28, 2012 he was brought up from the minors again to replace Bobby Abreu who was batting .208 in 24 at-bats. Trout at the time was batting .403 in 20 games at Salt Lake. He batted .220 in 40 games with Anaheim in his 2011 season, but in parts of four seasons in the minors is a .342 hitter with 108 stolen bases.^[21]

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	Baseball portal

• Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim award winners and league leaders

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mike Trout

• Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)