White Mountain, an alpine environment at 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) in California

For the climate of the mountains named the Alps, see Climate of the Alps.

Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for a region above the tree line. This climate is also referred to as mountain climate or highland climate.

In the Köppen climate classification the alpine climate is part of "Group E," along with the polar climate, where no month has a mean temperature higher than 10 °C (50 °F).^[1] Certain highland climates can also fit under hemiboreal climate or Semi-arid climate groups of climate classification.

Description[link]

The climate becomes colder at high elevations—this characteristic is described by the lapse rate of air: air tends to get colder as it rises, since it expands. The dry adiabatic lapse rate is -10 °C per km of elevation or altitude.^[2] Therefore, moving up 100 meters on a mountain is roughly equivalent to moving 80 kilometers (45 miles or 0.75° of latitude) towards the pole.^[3] This relationship is only approximate, however, since local factors such as proximity to oceans can drastically modify the climate.^[4] The main form of precipitation is often snow, often accompanied by stronger winds.

Distribution[link]

The Cascade Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, the Alps, the Pyrenees and Sierra Nevada, the Andes, the Himalayas, the Tibetan Plateau, the Eastern Highlands of Africa, and the central parts of Borneo and New Guinea are examples of highland climates. The mountain climate in the Northern Andes is particularly known for the notion of four zones of elevation:

• Tierra caliente or hot land
• Tierra templada or temperate land
• Tierra fria or cold land
• Tierra helada or frozen land

In mountainous areas with alpine climate, the dominant biome is alpine tundra.

See also[link]

• Alpine plant
• Alpine flora
• Climate of the Alps
• Köppen climate classification

References[link]

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Star Slinger (Born Darren Williams) is a hip hop producer based in Manchester, UK taking influences from memphis rap to shoegaze.^[1][2] He first came to the attention after self-releasing a beat tape via the internet in the summer of 2010 entitled "Volume 1". Williams picked up noteworthy press interest from Pitchfork Media, SPIN Magazine, Dazed & Confused Magazine, was named in the NME's Top 50 Bands of 2011 and was interviewed by Rob Da Bank & Annie Mac on BBC Radio 1. He also received plays from Diplo on a mix for Australia's Triple J Radio Station.^[3][4] In October 2011, Star Slinger released his first real single on Mountain Dew's label "Green Label Sound" with Kansas based R & B singer Reggie B along with a remix by Diplo for free on their website.^[5] Influential BBC Radio 1 DJ Annie Mac named it "Single of The Week". Despite speculation, not much info has been confirmed regarding the forthcoming Star Slinger album. Star Slinger is known to post all his official and unofficial remixes on his Soundcloud profile. "Star Slinger Soundcloud Profile". http://www.soundcloud.com/starslingeruk. Retrieved 16 Dec 2011. 

Press quotes[link]

"Best new act of the year by miles." – The Guardian^[6]

"Combines the hyper soul sampling of Kanye West or Dipset producers Heatmakerz with a bubbling psychedelia reminiscent of J Dilla’s spacier moments." - Pitchfork Media
^[7]

Background[link]

Williams studied music technology at Leeds Metropolitan University.^[8]

Discography[link]

Albums/EP's:

• Teams vs. Star Slinger - Self-Titled (EP) Mexican Summer (2011)
• Volume 1 (LP) [Self-released] (2010)
• Rogue Cho Pa (EP) [Self-released] (2011)

Singles

• Dumbin' (featuring Reggie B) Green Label Sound (2011)
• Remedy (7") - Double Denim Records (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]