Prizren

Tuesday, 15 January 2013

GEZIM STATOVCI--AUTOSTRADA E KOSOVES-PRIZREN-VERI

Labinot Tahiri - Live në Prizren ( Official Video )

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Albania
Albania (ⁱ/ælˈbeɪniə/ al-BAY-nee-ə, Albanian: Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë pronounced Albanian pronunciation: [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs]), is a country in Southern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south and southeast. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the west, and on the Ionian Sea to the southwest. It is less than 72 km (45 mi) from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which links the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.
Albania is a member of the UN, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of Europe, World Trade Organisation, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and one of the founding members of the Union for the Mediterranean. Albania has been a potential candidate for accession to the European Union since January 2003, and it formally applied for EU membership on 28 April 2009.

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Belgrade
Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/; Serbian: Београд; [beǒɡrad] ( listen); names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. Its name in English translates to White city. The city proper has a population of over 1.1 million, while its metropolitan area has over 1.6 million people, making it one of the largest cities in Southeast Europe.
One of the largest prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved around the area Belgrade in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region, and after 279 BC Celts conquered the city, naming it Singidūn. It was conquered by the Romans during the reign of Augustus, and awarded city rights in the mid 2nd century. It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s, and changed hands several times before it became the capital of King Stephen Dragutin (1282–1316). In 1521 Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of a the Sanjak of Smederevo. It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule, which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars. Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841. The north of Belgrade remained a Habsburg outpost until 1918, when it was merged into the capital city. As a strategic location, the city was battled over in 115 wars and razed to the ground 44 times. Belgrade was the capital of Yugoslavia (in various forms of governments) from its creation in 1918, to its final dissolution in 2006.

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Bitola
Bitola (Macedonian: Битола [ˈbitɔɫa] ( listen), formerly Monastir or Manastır; known also by several alternative names) is a city in the southwestern part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba and Nidže mountains, 14 km north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It has been known since the Ottoman period as "the city of the consuls", since many European countries have consulates in Bitola. According to the 2002 census, Bitola is the second largest city in the country. Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality.
According to Adrian Room, the name Bitola is derived from the old Slavic word Obitel (monastery or abode), since the city was formerly noted for its monastery. When the meaning of the name was no longer understood, it lost its prefix "o". The name Bitola is mentioned in the Bitola inscription, related to the old city fortress built in 1015. Modern Slavic variants include the Macedonian Bitola (Битола), the Serbian Bitolj (Битољ) and Bulgarian Bitolya (Битоля). In Byzantine times, the name was hellenized to Voutélion (Βουτέλιον) or Vitólia (Βιτώλια), hence the names Butella by William of Tyre, Butili by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi. The Aromanian name Bituli is also derived from the Slavic name.

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Brno
Brno (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbr̩no] ( listen); German: Brünn; Latin: Bruna; Yiddish: ברין Brin) by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District. The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 residents, its greater metropolitan area is regularly home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had population about 730,000 in 2004.
Brno is the capital of judicial authority of the Czech republic because it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Prosecutor's Office. Beside that, the city is a significant administrative centre. It is the seat of a number of state authorities like Ombudsman, Office for the Protection of Competition and the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties of 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students. There is also a studio of Czech Television and the Czech Radio, in both cases by law. The city is also home to Brno Television, a small local television station.

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Croatia
Croatia (ⁱ/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.

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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (ⁱ/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.

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Debrc
Debrc (Serbian Cyrillic: Дебрц, Hungarian: Debrecen) is a former town, today a village, located in the Vladimirci municipality, in Mačva District of Serbia. In 2002, the population of the village was 875, of which 855 were ethnic Serbs. Debrc was a capital of medieval Kingdom of Syrmia ruled by Serb king Stefan Dragutin.
Coordinates: 44°37′N 19°54′E / 44.617°N 19.9°E / 44.617; 19.9

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Dečani
Dečani or Deçan (Albanian: Deçan; Serbian: Дечани, Dečani, pronounced [dɛ̌t͡ʃani]) is a town and municipality in the Peć district of western Kosovo. It is a mountainous area which borders Montenegro and Albania. There is a total of 36 villages within the municipality. The territory of the municipality is 371 km2.
During the 1998–1999 conflict, Dečani was one of the strongholds of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and subsequently suffered a large amount of infrastructure destruction by the Serbian military and paramilitary forces. Much reconstruction has taken place with the assistance of the international agencies and support from the Kosovo Albanian diaspora.^{[citation needed]} It is widely known for the Visoki Dečani monastery of the Serbian Orthodox Church.
In 2011, the population of the municipality numbered 38,984. "Others" includes Bosniaks, Kosovo Ashkalia, Egyptians and Roma. The non-Albanian communities mainly reside in the villages of Babaloc, Dubovik, Gramocelj, Irznic, Požar, Rastavica, Šaptelj, Papracane. There are Serbian Orthodox clergy in the Visoki Dečani monastery.

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District of Prizren
42°13′00″N 20°44′00″E / 42.216667°N 20.733333°E / 42.216667; 20.733333
The Prizren District (Albanian: Qarku i Prizrenit; Serbian: Призренски округ, Prizrenski okrug/region) is one the seven districts (the higher-level administrative divisions) of Kosovo, with seat in Prizren.
It include the municipalities of:
Next to standard provincial Albanian, Serbian and English, Turkish is official in this district as well.

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Dragaš
Dragaš (Albanian: Dragash or Sharri; Serbian: Драгаш, Dragaš) is a town and municipality in the Prizren district of southern Kosovo. The population of the town is approximately 33,584, that of the whole municipality is estimated at 33,584 (2011). It was named after medieval Serbian lord Constantine Dragaš.
The Dragaš municipality was created by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) by merging the two former municipalities of Gora and Opolje.
The territory of the Dragaš municipality lies in the northern latitude of 41 52' 30" to 42 09' 03" and longitude of 20 35' 39" to 20 48' 26". The whole territory is surrounded by the Šar Mountains, then Koritnik Mountain, mountain Gjalic and Cylen in the direction of Prizren. Only one part of the territory in Prizren direction is hilly with a relatively slight slope by which this territory is connected with Prizren basin and through Prizren with the world.
The municipality is split into the regions Opoja and Gora, with the Albanian population living in Opoja and the Gorani population living in Gora.

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Durrës
Durrës is the second largest city of Albania located on the central Albanian coast, about 33 km (21 mi) west of the capital Tirana. It is one of the most ancient and economically important cities of Albania. Durres is situated at one of the narrower points of the Adriatic Sea, opposite the Italian ports of Bari (300 km/186 mi away) and Brindisi (200 km/124 mi away). Durrës is home to Albania's main port, the Port of Durrës, and to the newest public university, the Aleksandër Moisiu University. It has a population of 115,550, while metropolitan area has a population of 265,330 . In addition, it is the meeting point of national roads SH2 and SH4. Founded in the 7th century BC by Greek colonists from Corinth and Corcyra under the name Epidamnos, it has been continuously inhabited for 27 centuries and is one of the oldest cities in Albania. Durrës served as Albania's national capital from 7 March 1914 until 11 February 1920 during the reign of William of Albania in Principality of Albania. In 2012, The Globe and Mail ranked Durres at no.1 among 8 exciting new cruise ports to explore.

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Glogovac
Glogovac (Albanian: Drenas or Gllogovc; Serbian: Глоговац, Glogovac) is a town and municipality in the Pristina district of central Kosovo.
Before the Kosovo War of 1999, the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) had a strong level of influence and controlled large areas of the municipality.
Drenas municipality is located in central Kosovo, between the Čičavica mountains in the east and the Drenica hills in the north and west. The main road from Pristina‎ to Peć‎ crosses the municipality.
At a junction at Komorani village, a smaller road extends north from the highway, passing through Drenas town and continuing to Srbica town. There are a total of 36 villages in the municipality, including the town of Drenas. The municipality's population prior to the 1999 bombing was approximately 58,579 made up almost entirely of Kosovo Albanians, with a small number of Kosovo Serbs and others only in the Drenas town. No ethnic minorities remained in the municipality, thus Drenas today reflects a mono-ethnic environment. Glogovac has been the cradle of Kosovo Albanian nationalist movements.^{[citation needed]} Before the conflict the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) had a strong level of influence and controlled large areas of the municipality. Drenas municipality was consequently badly affected, as was the entire Drenica region. A series of Yugoslav police operations resulting in armed confrontation and civilian casualties represented defining episodes in the escalation of armed conflict in Kosovo.

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Gnjilane
Gnjilane or Gjilan (Albanian: Gjilani or Gjilan; Serbian: Гњилане, Gnjilane, pronounced [ɡɲîlane]; Turkish: Gilan) is a city and municipality in eastern Kosovo. It is the administrative center of the District of Gnjilane. It is famous for having been recorded the lowest temperature in Kosovo with −32.5 °C (−26.5 °F) on 25 January 1963.^{[citation needed]}
The origin of the town name is disputed. Albanian sources claim that the town was originally established in 1572 by the Gjinolli family, who arrived from Novo Brdo, one of the most important late-medieval cities in the central Balkans. However, there is no definite evidence to support that claim, and in fact no one can confirm as to who the first true inhabitants were, or when they first settled there. On the other hand, Serbian sources claim that the origin of the town name is in the Serbian word gnjio (putrid, rotten).
In the Middle Ages the city was called Morava and was a major trade and industrial center. Gnjilane was often visited by the Serbian rulers, and the first written records about it, is the 1342. year, directly related to the residence of King Stefan Dusan. The present name of the town was first mentioned in the late 14th century in a charter of Serbian princess Milica, wife of Prince Lazar. However, the first data concerning the existence of inhabited places in the area appear in the first half of the fourteenth century and the reign of Tsar Stefan Dusan, who also visited Ružica (as at that time was called Gnjilane) around 1351. year and crossed the famous bridge on the river Masketarovog Dobrusha, downtown, and thus forever marked the history of this Serbian village. In defter dating from 1455, it's stated that the village had consisted of 41 Serbian households.

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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.

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Istok
Istok or Istog (Albanian: Istog or Burimi; Serbian: Исток, Istok) is a town and municipality in the Peć district of north-western Kosovo. The town is the administrative capital of the municipality, which includes the town and the surrounding villages.
The name of the town comes from the archaic version of the Serbian word istok (modern version istek), meaning "well, water source" referring to the springs of the Istočka river, a tributary to the White Drin river. The name of the nearby village of Vrela, one of the largest settlements in the municipality, also means "springs", as does the newly proposed Albanian name of the town, Burimi.
Although there is no official data, the total population of the municipality is estimated at 65,000.
After World War II, watermills on the river of Istok were nationalized and a new fish plant was built to operate as a Socially-owned Enterprise. The company's name during socialism was "Ribnjak" (in Serbian) meaning "Piscatory or Fishery", and when it was privatized as Motel "Trofta" (in Albanian) meaning "Trout", or the type of fish it has been and is still producing, selling, and distributing. The company employs around 70 people.

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Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

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Junik
Junik (Albanian: Junik; Serbian: Јуник, Junik) is a municipality and small town in the Đakovica district of western Kosovo. It is located in the west Metohija between Dečani and Đakovica along Kosovo's mountainous border with Albania. It is populated with ethnic Albanians. Junik is hometown to many widely known people including former heavyweight European boxing champion Luan Krasniqi, artist and writer Rexhep Goci, politician and writer Haxhi Kraki and poet Din Mehmeti to name a few. This is set to be one of the new municipalities of Kosovo.
Junik is composed of the following settlements, which give a combined total of 86.2 km² (33.3 sq mi).
Pursuant to the statistical data from the year 1981 and some estimations by the municipalty and local registrations that followed the 1999 conflict, it is assumed that the municipality has approximately 12,500 inhabitants. Apart from one Bosniak family, the municipality is mono ethnic Kosovo Albanian.
The economy of Junik is mainly based on extensive agriculture. The vast majority of inhabitants are in some way involved in agricultural activities. As in the rest of Kosovo, unemployment is a problem. However, after the 1999 conflict, there was an increase in registrations of private businesses in the territory of the municipality and currently more than 50 businesses are registered. Most of the enterprises are family run, especially trade enterprises. The municipal administration is currently the largest employer. The inhabitants see the vast forests around Junik and the natural beauty as the main asset of the municipality and the administration seeks possibilities for investing in the development of tourism.

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Justiniana Prima
Justiniana Prima (Serbian: Царичин град, Caričin Grad) was a Byzantine city that existed from 535 to 615, and currently an archaeological site, near today's Lebane in southern Serbia. It was founded by Emperor Justinian I and served as the seat of an Archbishopric that had jurisdiction of the Central Balkans.
In 1979, Justiniana Prima was added to the Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance-list, protected by Republic of Serbia.
The establishment of the Archbishopric is mentioned in Justinian's own Novel XI from 535, when he promotes the Metropolitan to an Archbishop, independent from the Archbishop of Thessalonica. The establishment is seen as part of the feud between Justinian and the Archbishop of Eastern Illyricum, who was a papal vicar.
The city was founded by Emperor Justinian I. It existed from the 530s to 615 and was designed as a splendid bishop's seat. The city was a completely new foundation in honour of the nearby village of Tauresium (identified with today's village of Taor in the Republic of Macedonia, near Skopje), the birthplace of Justinian. Serb scholars also identify it as the site of Bederiana, birthplace of Justinian's uncle and mentor Justin I. The city planning combined classical and Christian elements: thermae, a forum, and streets with colonnades. Typical Mediterranean features went along with numerous churches.

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Kačanik
Kačanik or Kaçanik (Albanian: Kaçanik or Kaçaniku; Serbian: Качаник, Kačanik, pronounced [kâtʃaniːk]) is a town and municipality in southern Kosovo, in the Uroševac district. The municipality covers an area of 211 km² (81 sq mi), including the town of Kačanik and 31 villages. It has a population of approximately 33,454. With the exception of eight Roma and 30 Bosniaks, the municipality is ethnically homogeneous Kosovo Albanian.
In March 2011 the pilot municipal unit of Đeneral Janković was established within the Kačanik municipality, holding approximately 10,000 out of the 33,454 total inhabitants.
An epitaph on a tombstone found in one grave from the 2nd century AD proves that inhabited localities existed in this region even in Antiquity. This grave was discovered in the early 1980s during the erection of the Shopping Mall in Kačanik. The artifact is now secure in the Kacanik Cultural Center.
The town was founded by Koxha Sinan Pasha, who erected the town mosque which exists even today, a public kitchen for the poor (imaret), a school near the mosque, two hane (inns similar to caravanserais), one Turkish bath (hammam), the town fortress and a few mills on the Lepenac river.

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Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia (Serbian: Краљевина Србија or Kraljevina Srbija) was created when Prince Milan Obrenović IV, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned King in 1882. The Principality of Serbia was ruled by the Karađorđevic dynasty from 1817 onwards (at times replaced by the Obrenović dynasty). The Principality, suzerain to the Porte, had expelled all Ottoman troops by 1867, de facto securing its independence. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognized the formal independence of the Principality of Serbia.
In 1918, Serbia joined the with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as Yugoslavia) under the rule of the Karađorđević dynasty who had come to power in 1903.
The Principality of Serbia was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian revolution which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Despite serious and extremely brutal oppression and revenge by the Ottoman authorities, the revolutionary leaders, first Karađorđe and then Miloš Obrenović, succeeded in their goal to liberate Serbia after centuries of Turkish rule.

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Klina
Klina or Klinë (Albanian: Klina or Klinë; Serbian: Клина, Klina) is a city and municipality in the Peć district of north-western Kosovo. It is located at the confluence of the river Klina into the White Drin.
Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo. The latter declared independence on 17 February 2008, while Serbia claims it as part of its own sovereign territory. Its independence is recognised by 91 UN member states.

A symbol of Klina are the Miruša Waterfalls.
Coordinates: 42°37′18″N 20°34′40″E / 42.62167°N 20.57778°E / 42.62167; 20.57778

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Klokot
Klokot or Kllokot (Serbian Cyrillic: Клокот), officially Klokot-Vrbovac (Клокот-Врбовац), is a Serb majority municipality in Kosovo, centered around the towns of Klokot and Vrbovac. It became municipality in 2008, previously being part of the Vitina Municipality. The seat of the municipality is in Klokot. This and other new-formed municipalities of Kosovo are not recognized by Serbian government, which still considers it part of Vitina municipality.
The first municipal elections were held on 15 November 2009. Although Serbia does not recognize those elections, 25,4% of local voters, mostly Serbs, did participate in the elections. Serb Saša Mirković was elected mayor. Out of 15 members of the municipal assembly, 10 were elected from the Serb Independent Liberal Party, and 5 from the Albanian Democratic Alliance of Kosovo.
Total of 2760 voters were registered for elections. Of those, 2000 are Serbs, and 760 are Albanians. The town of Klokot had 1,500 residents before Kosovo War (1999) and 1,200 in 2001. The St. Sava Elementary school in Klokot is attended by 250 students (2001) and the secondary school is located in Vrbovac. There is a Serbian Orthodox Church in Vrbovac.

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Kosovo
Kosovo ( /ˈkɒsəvoʊˌ ˈkoʊsəvoʊ/; Albanian: Kosovë, Kosova; Serbian: Косово or Косово и Метохија or Космет, Kosovo or Kosovo i Metohija or Kosmet) is a region in southeastern Europe. In antiquity, it was known as the independent kingdom, and later Roman province, of Dardania. Part of the medieval Serbia, it was then conquered by the Ottoman Empire, later incorporated into Serbia after the First Balkan War and before the constitution of Yugoslavia, later still it became the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija) within Serbia (Serbia then being one of the constituent republics of Yugoslavia). Long-term severe ethnic tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb populations have left Kosovo ethnically divided, resulting in inter-ethnic violence, including the Kosovo War of 1999. Following the Kosovo War, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) relinquished governance of this territory, whose governance was taken over by the United Nations, Kosovo remained legally the sovereign territory of the FRY after the transfer of authority. The partially recognised Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово, Republika Kosovo), a self-declared independent state, has de facto control over most of the territory, while North Kosovo, the largest Kosovo Serb enclave, is under the control of institutions of the Republic of Serbia.Serbia does not recognise the unilateral secession of Kosovo and considers it a UN-governed entity within its sovereign territory.

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Kosovo Polje
Kosovo Polje, literally Blackbird's Field, also often rendered Field of Blackbirds (Serbo-Croatian: Kosovo Polje, Косово Поље; Albanian: Fushë Kosovë or Fushë Kosova) is a town and municipality in the Pristina district of central Kosovo, at 42.63° North, 21.12° East, or approximately eight kilometres south-west of Pristina. In 2011 the Fushë Kosovë Municipality had a total population of 34,718.
Kosovo Polje is the nearest town to the site of the Battle of Kosovo of 1389. In April 1987 it became the scene of a famous incident when Slobodan Milošević–at the time chairman of the League of Communists of Serbia–was sent to Kosovo Polje's Hall of Culture (town hall) to calm a crowd of angry Serbs protesting at what they saw as anti-Serb discrimination by the Albanian-dominated Kosovo administration. When Serb citizens complained they had been beaten by Albanian police, he told them that "No one has the right to beat you.... No one will beat you ever." The incident earned Milošević the support of Serbian people, propelling him to the presidency of Serbia two years later.

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Kosovska Kamenica
Kosovska Kamenica or Kamenica (Albanian: Kamenica or Dardana; Serbian: Косовска Каменица, Kosovska Kamenica) is a town and municipality in the Gnjilane district of eastern Kosovo.
In 2011, Kosovska Kamenica municipality was estimated to have 35,600 citizens.
Kosovska Kamenica is the most eastern of Kosovo's municipalities. Currently the population is approximately 76% Kosovo Albanian and 23% Kosovo Serb with a small number of Roma.

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Kosovska Mitrovica
Kosovska Mitrovica (Albanian; Mitrovicë or Mitrovica, Serbian: Косовска Митровица, Kosovska Mitrovica; Turkish: Mitroviça), is a city and municipality in northern Kosovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous district.
Since the end of the Kosovo War of 1999 it has been divided between an ethnic-Albanian-majority south and an ethnic-Serb-majority north. Its northern part is the de facto capital of Serbian-majority North Kosovo.
The city was named "Civitas Sancti Demetrii" in the 14th century after Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki, a name that later became "Mitrovica", as happened to other locations in the Balkans named after Saint Demetrius.
After Tito's death, when each of the constituent parts of Yugoslavia had to have one place named with the word 'Tito' (or 'Tito's') included, the city was also known as Titova Mitrovica (Титова Митровица) in Serbian or Mitrovica e Titos in Albanian.
The city is known as Kosovska Mitrovica (Косовска Митровица) in Serbian listen (help·info) and Mitrovica or Mitrovicë in Albanian.

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Kragujevac
Kragujevac (Serbian Cyrillic: Крагујевац, pronounced [krǎɡujeʋat͡s] ( listen)) is the fourth largest city in Serbia, the main city of the Šumadija region and the administrative centre of Šumadija District. It is situated on the banks of the river Lepenica. According to official,results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 147,281 inhabitants, while municipality has a population of 177,468.
Kragujevac was the first capital of modern Serbia (1818–1839), and the first constitution in the Balkans was proclaimed in this city in 1835. Further on, the first full- fledged university in the newly independent Serbia was founded in 1838, preceded by the first grammar school (Gimnazija), Printworks (both in 1833), professional National theatre (1835) and the Military academy (1837).
Belgrade took the lead by becoming the seat of the throne in 1841. The University of Kragujevac was not reestablished until 1976. Contemporary Kragujevac is known for its weapons, munition, and Zastava Automobiles company.

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Kruševac
Kruševac (Serbian: Крушевац [krûʃɛʋat͡s] ( listen)) is a city and municipality, and the administrative center of the Rasina District, in central Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the municipality has a population of 127,429, while the town has 57,627.
The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.
The etymology is derived from the Serbian word for "pear", kruška.
Kruševac was founded in 1371, as a fortified town in the possession of Lord Lazar Hrebeljanović. The Lazarica Church (or Church of St. Stephen [Nemanja]) was built by Lazar between 1375–1378, in the Morava architectural style, in the village of . It is mentioned in one of Lazar's edicts in 1387, as his seat, when he affirmed the rights of Venetian merchants on Serbian territory. In preparation for the Battle of Kosovo (1389) against the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian army assembled in the city. The site of Lazar's palace is marked by a ruined enclosure containing a fragment of the tower of his spouse Princess Milica, and according to legend, tidings of the defeat were brought to her by crows from the battlefield. After the battle, the city was held by Princess Milica as her seat. The little remains of Lazar's city is the Kruševac Fortress, which was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979. Several old Ottoman houses were left at the beginning of the 20th century, besides an old Turkish fountain and bath, which was known as Alacahisar (Aladža Hisar) during Ottoman rule between 1427-1833 (nominally to 1867) except Austrian occupations between 1688–1690 and 1717-1739.

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Leposavić
Leposavić (Albanian: Leposaviq or Albaniku; Serbian: Лепосавић, pronounced [lɛ̌pɔsaʋitɕ]) is a town and northernmostmunicipality in the district of Kosovska Mitrovica of northern Kosovo. It is a part of North Kosovo, a region populated with at least 98% ethnic Serbs that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of Kosovo, which is majority ethnic Albanian. According to OSCE and UNHCR estimates, the municipality has a population of approximately 18,600 (2007). The municipality consists of a town and 72 villages with an area of 750+km².
Leposavić municipality includes 72 villages with a total of 18,600 inhabitants, according to the UNHCR and OSCE estimates. Kosovo Serbs constitute the large majority (18,000), while small numbers of other communities are also present. Approximately 200 Kosovo Albanians live in the three southern villages of Košutovo, Šaljska Bistrica, and Ceranje. There are also 240 Kosovo Bosniaks, Romas, Ashkalis, and Egyptians.
According to the 1991 census, the municipality of Leposavić had a population of 16,395 people.^{[citation needed]}

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Lipljan
Lipljan (Albanian: Lipjan or Lipjani; Serbian: Липљан, Lipljan) is a city and municipality in the Pristina district of central Kosovo.
In Roman times the city was known as Ulpiana from which the name Lipljan is derived. Ulpiana was named by the Romans in honor of the Roman Emperor Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus. The neo-Latin form Lypenion for the city occurs for the first time in a Greek text from 1018 AD.
It is thought^{[weasel words]} to be the birth place of Lekë Dukagjini (1410–1481), who replaced Skanderbeg as leader of the Albanian resistance against the Ottomans following the latter's death in 1468. During the reign of Lekë Dukagjini as Prince of Dukagjini Ulpiana was his second capital city.
The municipality is predominantly agriculture-oriented. After the 1999 conflict, most of the businesses are no longer operational. Many shops and restaurants have opened in the town, but approximately 80% of the population remains unemployed.^[when?]
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Coordinates: 42°31′48″N 21°08′19″E / 42.53°N 21.13861°E / 42.53; 21.13861

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London
London ⁱ/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.

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Mališevo
Mališevo (Albanian Malishevë or Malisheva; Serbian: Малишево, Mališevo) is a town and municipality in the Prizren District of central Kosovo. The town itself has approximately 2,300 inhabitants while the municipality has an estimated 54,664 inhabitants.
The area was once under the Bajrakut of Oštrozubit and had a long history of successful resistance against the Ottomans. The town was a stronghold for the ethnically Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army during the conflict in Kosovo in 1998/1999. The United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) formally re-established the municipality of Mališevo in July 2000. During the war, a number of atrocities were committed by both Albanian and Yugoslav forces. One such incident occurred in Mališevo, the execution of no fewer than seven Serbian men, named the Mališevo Massacre. The UN-run Office on Missing Persons and Forensics began the excavations at the site in May 2005.
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Coordinates: 42°28′58″N 20°44′45″E / 42.48278°N 20.74583°E / 42.48278; 20.74583

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Mamuša
Mamuša or Mamusha (Albanian: Mamushë or Mamusha; Serbian Cyrillic: Мамуша; Turkish: Mamuşa) is a town in Kosovo. In 2008 it became a municipality. Prior to that it was part of Prizren municipality. Of all municipal units in Kosovo, this one is by far the smallest in terms of area.
The town is located on the northern part of Prizren. It also borders Đakovica and Suva Reka.
The town is a primarily ethnic Turkish. It is the only settlement in Kosovo where Turks from Tokat are a majority.
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Niš
Niš (Serbian: Ниш, pronounced [nîːʃ] ( listen)) is the largest city of southern Serbia and the third-largest city in Serbia (after Belgrade and Novi Sad). According to the preliminary results of the 2011 census, the city has an urban population of 182,208 inhabitants, while its municipality has a population of 257,867. The city covers an area of 597 km², including the urban core, town of Niška Banja and 68 suburbs. Niš is the administrative center of the Nišava District.
It is one of the oldest cities in the Balkans and Europe, and has from ancient times been considered a gateway between the East and the West. The Paleo-Balkan Thracians first inhabited the area in the Iron Age, and Triballians dwelled here prior to the Celtic invasion in 279 BC which established the Scordisci as masters of the region. Modern-day Niš was among the cities taken in the Roman conquest in 75 BC. The Romans built the Via Militaris in the 1st century, with Naissus being one of the key towns. Niš is also notable as the birthplace of Constantine the Great, the first Christian Roman Emperor and the founder of Constantinople, as well as two other Roman emperors, Constantius III and Justin I. It is home to one of Serbia's oldest churches dating to the 4th century AD in the suburb of Mediana.

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Novo Brdo
Novo Brdo (Serbian: Ново Брдо, Novo Brdo; Albanian: Novobërda, Novobërdë, Artana or Artanë) is a town and municipality in the Pristina district of eastern Kosovo. The population of the municipality is estimated at 6,720 people (2011).
Novo Brdo was mentioned with its present name in historical documents as early as 1326. Previously it was known as Novaberd, Novus Mons or Novamonte in Latin and as Nyeuberghe in Saxon texts. The famous Bulgarian Mediaeval writer Vladislav the Grammarian was born there between 1410 and 1415 [1].
Novo Brdo was a metropolis at the time, with a huge medieval fortress built on the top of an extinct volcano cone, the remains of which can be visited today, and residential sections sprawling all around. In the outer wall of the fortress a large cross is visible, built into the stones. The castle, or fortress, was thought at one point to have dated back to the time of the Serbian Empire.
The population at its height was estimated to exceed 6,720 people. There were mines and smelting furnaces for iron, lead, gold and silver ores. Novo Brdo silver is known by its argentum glame (an alloy of silver with 1/6-1/3 gold). In 1450 the mines of Novo Brdo were producing about 6,000 kg of silver per year. Novo Brdo was the last Serbian city to remain standing during the first invasion. In 1439 the capital of Smederevo fell and Serbia resisted until finally Novo Brdo fell in 1441. Novo Brdo was by treaty restored to the Serbs in 1443.

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Obilić
Obilić (Albanian: Obiliq or Kastriot; Serbian: Обилић, Obilić) is a town and municipality in central Kosovo, belonging to the Pristina district. The municipality includes the town of Obilić and 19 villages, with a total population of approximately 21,548.
The municipality is located immediately north-west of Pristina on the main road to Kosovska Mitrovica. It was created in 1989, prior to which it formed part of Pristina municipality.
The name for the town, Obilić, refers to Miloš Obilić who is regarded as a Serbian hero of the 1389 Battle of Kosovo, during which he killed the Ottoman Sultan Murad I.
An Albanian version for the name for the town was produced in 2001, Kastriot, refers to George Kastrioti Skanderbeg, the national hero of the Albanian people, who lived during the time period of the Second Battle of Kosovo (1448). Skanderbeg was supposed to join the Hungarian-led Catholic coalition under John Hunyadi, but failed to appear on the battlefield.
In 2011, the municipality had a population of 21,548. As of 2008 the municipality has a population of approximately 19,500. The majority -some 15,000- are Kosovo Albanian; the minorities include some 2,200 Kosovo Serbs, 350 Roma, 300 Ashkali, 70 Bosnian Serbs and others.

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Orahovac
Orahovac (Albanian: Arraveci or Rahoveci; Serbian: Ораховац, Orahovac) is a town and municipality in western Kosovo, in the District of Đakovica.
Its Serbian name stems from the Serbian word orah (орах), meaning "walnut".^{[citation needed]} The Albanian name Arraveci also stems from the Albanian word "Arrë", also meaning walnut.
The municipality coveres an area of approximately 276 km² (107 sq mi) and contains 35 villages. In 2006 the town had a total population of 25.000 and the population of the municipality was 55,053. Besides a small Serbian enclave in the town numbering around 400 residents, in the municipality of Orahovac is another Serbian enclave named Velika Hoča, numbering around 700 residents.
During NATO's bombing campaign, Yugoslav Army units from Niš and Leskovac, Serbian police (MUP) units from Kraljevo and Pirot, Russian volunteers, and others from Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina) were stationed in Orahovac^{[citation needed]}.
During the mid-March 2004 riots, hundreds of Kosovo Albanians gathered in the center of town protesting, while many of them went to the Upper Part (where the majority of ethnic Serbs reside) and severely assaulted a Kosovo Serb couple. A house was set on fire, a few others were vandalized. On 18 March, the Serbian Orthodox Church in the village of Brnjača was set on fire. 5 Kosovo Serb families left Orahovac during these riots.^{[citation needed]} Since 1999, the Serbian population of Orahovac has left the area for several reasons to find shelter in northern Serbia.

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Osijek
Osijek (Croatian: Osijek, Croatian pronunciation: [ɔ̂sijɛ̝ːk]) is the fourth largest city in Croatia with a population of 128,095 in 2011. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja county. Osijek is located on the right bank of the river Drava, 25 kilometres (16 mi) upstream of its confluence with the Danube, at an elevation of 94 metres (308 ft).
The name was given to the city due to its position on elevated ground which prevented the city being flooded by the local swamp waters. Its name Osijek comes from the Croatian word "oseka" which means "ebb tide".
Due to its past and its history within the Habsburg Monarchy and briefly in the Ottoman Empire and also due to the presence of German and Hungarian minorities throughout its history, Osijek also has (or had) its names in other languages, notably Hungarian: Eszék, German: Esseg or Essegg, Latin: Mursa, Turkish: Ösek. Also spelled Esgek. All those names were adjusted variations to the original Croatian given name. In Roman times Osijek was called Mursa Maior, but its official Roman name was Colonia Aelia Mursa, as it was established by emperor Hadrian.

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Our Lady of Ljeviš
Our Lady of Ljeviš (Serbian: Богородица Љевишка, Bogorodica Ljeviška) is a 12th-century Serbian Orthodox Church in the town of Prizren, located in southern Kosovo. It was converted to a mosque during the Ottoman Empire and then back into an Orthodox Church in the early 20th century.
The church was built in the 12th century by Stefan Nemanja on a previous 9th-century church which held the Bishopric mentioned in a charter of Byzantine emperor Basil II in 1018.
The Church was guarded by KFOR after June 1999. However, it was burned down during the 2004 unrest in Kosovo by Albanian mobs.
A group of experts sponsored by Serbia has visited the church on several occasions to assess the damage, but no concrete steps have been taken. The church is subject to constant looting (valuable lead has repeatedly been stolen from the roof).
In 1990 Serbia designate Our Lady of Ljeviš Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance, and on 13 July 2006 Our Lady of Ljeviš was placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List as an extension of the Visoki Dečani site (named Medieval Monuments in Kosovo), which as a whole was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger.

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Parteš
Parteš (Albanian: Partesh, Parteshi; Serbian Cyrillic: Партеш) is a town and one of the new municipalities in Kosovo. It is a Serb enclave. It is located 8 km (5 mi) south-west of Gnjilane. It is not recognized by Serbia.
There are three settlements in the municipality:
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Peć
Peć (pronounced [pɛ̂ːt͡ɕ], Serbian: Пећ / Peć) or Pejë (pronounced [ˈpɛjə]) is a city and municipality in north-western Kosovo, and the administrative centre of the homonymous district. The governor of the city is Ali Berisha .
The Serbian name of the city is Peć (Пећ); the Albanian name's definite form is Peja and the indefinite Pejë. Other names of the city include the Latin Pescium and Siparantum, the Greek Episkion (Επισκιον), the Ottoman Turkish ايپك (İpek), the Slavonic Petcha, and the formerly used form Pentza. In Serbian language Peć means furnace or cave and its name is probably connected with nearby caves in Rugova Canyon which served as hermit cells for orthodox monks. In mediaeval Ragusan documents, the Serbian name of the city (Peć, lit. "furnace") is sometimes translated as Forno, meaning furnace in Italian.
The municipality covers an area of 602 km² (232 sq mi), including the city of Peć and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. As of 2011, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 95,723, of which ca. 60,000 live in the city of Peć.

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Podujevo
Podujevo or Podujeva (Albanian: Podujevë, Podujeva or Besiana; Serbian: Подујево, Podujevo) is a town and municipality located in the district of Pristina of north-eastern Kosovo.
Podujevo is situated in a strategic position due to a regional motorway and railroad passing through it which links surrounding regions. Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, is located some 35 km (22 mi) to the south. Although there is no official data, the total population of the municipality is estimated at 87,933, including the estimated 35,000 inhabitants of the town.
The Albanian name Besiana dates back at least from the 6th century in the writings of Prokopius, who lists Podujevo's fort as one of the forts of Dardania restaured by Justinian.
The founding member of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), Zahir Pajaziti, was from the Podujevo region.
During the 1998-99 Kosovo War, the town was the site of the Podujevo massacre, on March 28, in which 14 Kosovo Albanian women and children were executed by Serbian paramilitary forces.

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Pristina
Pristina, also spelled Prishtina listen (help·info) and Priština (Albanian: Prishtinë or Prishtina, Serbian: Приштина or Priština; Turkish: Priştine) is the capital and largest city of Kosovo. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous municipality and district.
Preliminary results of the 2011 census put the population of Pristina at 198,000. The city has a majority Albanian population, alongside other smaller communities including Bosniaks, Roma and others. It is the administrative, educational, and cultural centre of Kosovo. The city is home to the University of Pristina and is served by the Pristina International Airport.
The name of the city is derived from a Slavic form *Prišьčь, a possessive adjective from the personal name *Prišьkъ, (preserved in the Kajkavian surname Prišek, in the Old Polish personal name Przyszek, and in the Polish surname Przyszek) and the derivational suffix -ina 'belonging to X and his kin'.^{[citation needed]} The name is most likely a patronymic of the personal name *Prišь, preserved as a surname in Polish Przysz and Sorbian Priš, a hypocoristic of the Slavic personal name Pribyslavъ. A false etymology^{[citation needed]} connects the name Priština with Serbo-Croatian prišt (пришт), meaning 'ulcer' or 'tumour', referring to its 'boiling'. However, this explanation cannot be correct, as Slavic place names ending in -ina corresponding to an adjective and/or name of an inhabitant lacking this suffix are built from personal names or denote a person and never derive, in these conditions, from common nouns (SNOJ 2007: loc. cit.). The inhabitants of this city call themselves Prishtinali in local Gheg Albanian or Prištevci (Приштевци) in the local Serbian dialect.

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Prizren
Prizren (Albanian: Prizren or Prizreni; Serbian: Призрен, Prizren, pronounced [prîzrɛn]; Turkish: Prizren, Pürzeyn, Perzerrin) is a historical city located in Kosovo. It is the administrative center of the eponymous municipality and district. The city has a population of around 178,000 (2011 census preliminary results), mostly Albanians. Prizren is located on the slopes of the Šar Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit) in the southern part of Kosovo. The municipality has a border with Albania and the Republic of Macedonia.
The Roman town of Theranda in Ptolemy's Geography is mentioned in the 2nd century AD. In the 5th century, it is mentioned as being restored in Dardania with the name of Petrizên by Procopius of Caesarea in De aedificiis (Book IV, Chapter 4). Sometimes it is mentioned even in relation to the Justiniana Prima.^{[citation needed]} It is thought that its modern name comes from old Slavic Призрѣнь, from при-зрѣти, indicating fortress which could be seen from afar (compare with Czech Přízřenice or mount Ozren).

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Ranilug
Ranilug (Serbian Cyrillic: Ранилуг) is a town and Serb enclave in Kosovo. It is set to become a municipality.^[when?]
In 2011, Ranilug was part of a group of 17 villages with a population of 3,785 Serbs surrounded by Albanian-populated areas. The municipality has parts of Gnjilane and Kosovska Kamenica.
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Coordinates: 42°29′32″N 21°35′56″E / 42.49222°N 21.59889°E / 42.49222; 21.59889

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Serbia
Serbia ⁱ/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km² and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans. The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.

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Shkodër
Shkodër (Definite Albanian form: Shkodra; see the etymology section for other names), is a city located on Lake of Shkoder in northwestern Albania in the District of Shkodër, of which it is the capital. It is one of the oldest and most historic towns in Albania, as well as an important cultural and economic centre. Population of Shkodër is 74,876, while Shkodër County has a population of 217,375.
The name on coins minted in Hellenistic Scodra (during the rule of Genthius) have the legend ΣΚΟΝΔΡΙΝΩΝ. Some believe the name has a Latin^[who?] root, while others^[who?] that it is Illyrian. In early 20th century, Shkodër was referred to in English by the Italian name Scutari. In Greek, it is known as Skoutarion (Σκουτάριον) or Skodra (Σκόδρα), in Serbian and Montenegrin as Skadar (Скадар), and in Turkish as İşkodra. A folk etymology derives the name from "Shko-drin" which in Albanian means "where Drin goes", Drin being the Drin River that connects with the Buna River next to the castle of Rozafa. Some others believe that the name derives form "Shko-kodër (Shko në Kodër)" which in Albanian means "Go to the hill" which symbolizes the Castle of Rozafa in the hill at the entrance to Shkodra.

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Skopje
Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје, [ˈskɔpjɛ] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre. It was known in the Roman period under the name Scupi.
The territory of Skopje has been inhabited since at least 4000 BC; remains of Neolithic settlements have been found within the old Kale Fortress that overlooks the modern city centre. On the eve of the 1st century AD, the settlement was seized by the Romans and became a military camp. When the Roman Empire was divided into eastern and western halves in 395 AD, Scupi came under Byzantine rule from Constantinople. During much of the early medieval period, the town was contested between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire, whose capital it was between 972 and 992. From 1282 the town was part of the Serbian realm and its capital city since 1346. In 1392 the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks who called the town Üsküp. The town stayed under Ottoman control over 500 years, serving as the capital of pashasanjak of Üsküb and later the Vilayet of Kosovo. At that time the city was famous for its oriental architecture. In 1912 the city was conquered by the Kingdom of Serbia during the Balkan Wars and after the First World War the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Kingdom of Yugoslavia). In the Second World War the city was conquered by the Bulgarian Army, which was part of Axis powers. In 1944 it became the capital city of Democratic Macedonia (later Socialist Republic of Macedonia), which was a federal state, part of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (later Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia). The city developed rapidly after World War II, but this trend was interrupted in 1963 when it was hit by a disastrous earthquake. In 1991 it became the capital city of independent Macedonia.

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Smederevo
Smederevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Смедерево, pronounced [smêderevo]) is a city and municipality in Serbia, on the right bank of the Danube, about 40 km downstream of the capital Belgrade. According to official results of the 2011 census, the city has a population of 107,528. It is the administrative center of the Podunavlje District.
Its history starts in the 1st century BC, with the conquerings of the Roman Empire, when there existed a town called Vinceia. The modern city traces its roots back to the late Middle Ages when it was the capital (1430–1439 and 1444–1459) of the last independent Serbian state before the Ottoman conquest.
In Serbian, the city is known as Smederevo (Смедерево), in Latin, Romanian and Greek as Semendria, in Hungarian as Szendrő or Vég-Szendrő, in Turkish as Semendire.
In the 7th millennium BC, the Starčevo culture existed for a millennia, succeeded by the 6th millennium BC Vinča culture that prospered in the region.
The Paleo-Balkan tribes of Dacians and Thracians emerged in the area in the 2nd millennia BC, with the Celtic Scordisci raiding the Balkans in the 3rd century BC.

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Srbica
Srbica (Albanian: Skënderaj; Serbian: Србица, Srbica) is a city and municipality in the Kosovska Mitrovica district of northern Kosovo. It is the largest city in the Drenica region of Kosovo.
Because the territory of kosovo was occupied from the serbians the Serbs named it Srbica referring to Rep. of 'Serbia' . The Albanians use "Skënderaj", referring to Scanderbeg.
It is populated mainly by Albanians (98%). It is claimed to be the poorest city in Kosovo. It is the place where the Kosovo War began in 1998, and to which the most damage was done.
Skënderaj has historically been the poorest municipality in Kosovo, with little investment having been made since the time of the former Yugoslavia. It suffers from low economic activity and continuous high unemployment. Agriculture is the major local industry but the municipality has not fully developed existing arable land. Today, the local economy consists of small enterprises such as family-run shops and restaurants while two privatized factories, a brick and a flour mill, employ a few hundred people. The other major sector of employment is the municipality’s civil service.

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Stari Ras
Stari Ras (Serbian Cyrillic: Стари Рас; meaning Old Ras), known at the time as Ras, was one of the first capitals of the medieval Serbian state of Raška, and the most important one for a long period of time. Located in today's region of Raška or Sandžak (Turkish name) of Serbia, the city was right in the centre of the early medieval state that started to spread in all directions. It was founded between 8th and 9th centuries and got deserted sometime in the 13th century. Its favorable position in the area known as Old Serbia, along the Raška gorge, on the crossroads between the Adriatic Sea and state of Zeta, Bosnia in the west and Kosovo in the east added to its importance as a city. There is an impressive group of medieval monuments consisting of fortresses, churches and monasteries. The monastery at Sopoćani is a reminder of the contacts between Western world and the Byzantine world. Today the city lies in mostly unenclosed and unprotected ruins close to the city of Novi Pazar, which probably began its own life as a trading enclave for Ras. However, there are plans for future reconstruction of the site. The site of Stari Ras, in combination with the nearby Monastery of Sopoćani, is already a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and Stari Ras monastery (12th century) is being reconstructed and it too may be included on the UNESCO World Heritage List with the site. Stari Ras and Sopoćani World Heritage site is not far from another UNESCO World Heritage Site of Serbia, the magnificent medieval monastery and churches of Studenica. The 8th century Church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul is one of the oldest in the Balkans.

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Subotica
Subotica (Serbian Cyrillic: Суботица [sǔbɔtit͡sa] ( listen), Hungarian: Szabadka, Bunjevac: Subotica, Croatian: Subotica) is a city in northern Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is located at 46.07° North, 19.68° East, about 10 km from the border with Hungary.
Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province, following Novi Sad. It is also the fifth largest city in Serbia (discounting Kosovo) after Belgrade, Novi Sad, Niš, and Kragujevac. It is a multiethnic city, with Hungarians (34.99%), Serbs (27.85%), Bunjevci (10.87%) and Croats (10.43%) as largest ethnic groups. The city's population numbers 96,483 inhabitants. Linguistically the city has a South Slavic-speaking majority as Serbs, Croats, Bunjevci and Yugoslavs collectively compose 55.94% of the population. The municipality of Subotica numbers 140,358 people. It is the administrative centre of the North Bačka District.
There have been almost two hundred different forms of the name of this city in history. This is because the city has welcomed so many different peoples since the Middle Ages. They all wrote about it, naming it in their own languages, which, for some, did not fix their spelling until modern times.

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Suva Reka
Suva Reka (Albanian: Suhareka, or Theranda; Serbian: Сува Река, Suva Reka) is a town and municipality in the Prizren district of southern Kosovo.
It is located 18 km from Prizren, and 57 km from Pristina.
The name of the town means "dry river" in the Serbian language. After the 1999 Kosovo War, Albanians referred to the town as Theranda, the name of the ancient fortress of Theranda, located near Prizren.
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Coordinates: 42°22′48″N 20°49′19″E / 42.38°N 20.82194°E / 42.38; 20.82194

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Timișoara
Timișoara (Romanian pronunciation: [timiˈʃo̯ara] ( listen); German: Temeswar, also formerly Temeschburg or Temeschwar, Hungarian: Temesvár, Serbian: Темишвар/Temišvar, Turkish: Temeşvar) is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with a population of 303,708 inhabitants (the third most populous city in the country, as of 2011), and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the western part of Romania.
Timișoara lies at an altitude of 95 m on the southeast edge of the Banat plain, part of the great Panonia plain. The rich black soil and relatively low water table make this a fertile agricultural region.
Due to the hydrography projects undertaken in the 18th century, the city no longer lies on the Timiș River, but on the Bega canal. This is a relatively active seismic area, and earthquakes up to 6 on the Richter scale have been recorded.
Timișoara was first mentioned as a place in either 1212 or 1266. The territory later to be known as Banat was conquered and annexed by the Kingdom of Hungary in 1030. Timișoara grew considerably during the reign of Charles I, who, upon his visit here in 1307, ordered the construction of a royal palace. Timișoara's importance also grew thanks to its strategic location, which facilitated control over the Banat plain. John Hunyadi established a permanent military encampment here, and moved here together with his family. In 1552, Ahmed Pasha conquered the city with a 16,000 Ottomans and transformed it into a capital city in the region. The local military commander, Stefan Losonczy, was captured and beheaded on July 27, 1552 after resisting the Ottoman invasion with just over 2,300 men.^{[citation needed]}

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Tirana
Tirana ⁱ/tɨˈrɑːnə/ (indefinite form in Albanian: Tiranë, in the region sub-dialect of Gheg Albanian: Tirona) is the capital and the largest city of Albania. Modern Tirana was founded as an Ottoman town in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local ruler from Mullet, although the area has been continuously inhabited since antiquity. Tirana became Albania's capital city in 1920 and has a population of 400,000 , with metro area population of 763,634 . The city is host to public institutions and private universities, and is the center of the political, economical, and cultural life of the country.
The Municipality of Tirana is located at (41.33°N, 19.82°E) in Tirana District, Tirana County on the river Ishëm, about 32 kilometers (20 mi) inland. Tirana's average altitude is 110 meters (360 ft) above sea level and its highest point measures 1,828 m (5,997.38 ft) at Mali me Gropa. The city is mostly surrounded by hills, with Dajti Mountain on the East and a slight valley opening on the North-West overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. The Tiranë river also runs through the city, whereas the Lanë river is a brook. The city borders the surrounding municipalities of Paskuqan, Dajt, Farkë, Vaqarr, Kashar, and Kamëz. It also contains a total of four artificial lakes: the Tirana Artificial Lake around which was built the Big Park, Paskuqani Lake, Farka Lake, and Tufina Lake. Tirana is on the same parallel as Naples, Madrid, Istanbul, and New York, and on the same meridian as Budapest and Kraków.

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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.

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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

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Uroševac
Uroševac (Albanian: Ferizaj or Ferizaji; Serbian Cyrillic: Урошевац) is a city and municipality in southern Kosovo, located some 38 kilometers (24 mi) south of the capital Pristina. Uroševac is the third most populous city in Kosovo, after Pristina and Prizren. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous district. The central city postal codes include 70000, 70010, 70030 and 70040.
The municipality covers an area of 345 km² (133 sq mi), including the city of Uroševac and 45 villages. It is largely an agricultural plain. Its population is estimated at 108,690.
Ferizoviç was little more than a village until 1873, when the Belgrade-Thessaloniki railway was opened, passing through the town. Its Turkish name derives from a pre-1873 hotel owned by a local Kosovo Albanian named Feriz Shashivari; thus Serbs and Bosnians called the community Ferizovići ("Feriz's village") while Albanians called it Ferizaj.^{[citation needed]} The town was known as Ferizovich or Ferizovo in Bulgarian. It is still known informally as "Tasjan", from a Turkish form of the French word station, referring to its status as a main station on the railway line.

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Vitina
Vitina (Albanian: Viti, Vitia, Serbian: Витина) is a town and municipality in the Gnjilane district of south-eastern Kosovo.
Towns in the Vitina municipality include Klokot and Kabaš.
Following the 1999 Kosovo War, it was the home of A Company, 2/505 Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division, the first KFOR troops to begin stabilization efforts in the municipality. After the initial unit left, Vitina was the site of a subsequent international scandal when a soldier from the U.S. Army different follow on unit raped and killed a local girl. The subsequent investigation uncovered serious training and leadership deficiencies in the 3/504 Parachute Infantry Regiment, and catalyzed a tremendous change in the training of units deploying for peacekeeping operations.^{[citation needed]}
The municipality of Vitina is economically depressed. However, it should also be noted that this area is rural and agrarian and hence the current unemployment rates might not accurately reflect true employment levels. Most private businesses are owned and operated by Kosovo Albanians, as are a majority of the public services. Both private businesses and public services are small in terms of number of employees.

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Vlorë
Vlorë (known also by several alternative names) is one of the biggest towns and the second largest port city of Albania, after Durrës, with a population of 79,948 . It is the city where the Albanian Declaration of Independence was proclaimed on November 28, 1912. The city was for a short time the capital of Albania.
Founded as an ancient Greek colony in the 6th century BC by the name of Aulon and continuously inhabited for about 26 centuries, Vlorë is home to the Port of Vlorë and University of Vlorë as the most important economical and cultural city of southwestern Albania.
The modern name for the city is the Albanian form Vlorë or Vlora, both pronounced [ˈvlɔɾə], while in the Gheg dialect it is known as Vlonë. Vlorë was created in antiquity as Greek colony in the territory of Illyria. Its first name, still used today in Greece, was Aulón (Greek: Αυλών), meaning "valley" and possibly a translation of another indigenous name. The Greek name is the source of the Italian name Valona (also used in other languages) and of the obsolete English Avlona. During the Ottoman era, the Turkish Avlonya was also used.

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Vučitrn
Vučitrn or Vushtrri (Albanian: Vushtrri or Vushtrria; Serbian: Вучитрн, Vučitrn; Turkish: Vıçıtırın; English: Wolf thorn; Latin: Vicianum) is a city and municipality in north-eastern Kosovo. It is the seat of the Kosovska Mitrovica District. The name of the city means "wolf's thorn", the name of the spiny restharrow plant in Serbian.
Although there is no official data, the total population of the municipality is estimated at 69,881. It is also the home of the Kosovo Police Service training school where from 1999 members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) trained the new multiethnic police service following the departure of the Serbs in 1999. The staff at the training school were made up of serving and retired police officers from the member states of the OSCE.
Vicianum ("Area of Calves") is the Roman name of the town. At the end of the first century B.C., Viciana was conquered by the Romans. During this occupation, Viciana developed a considerable economy and a thriving culture. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Viciana was transferred to Byzantine rule. After the Great Schism of the Church in 1054, the majority of Vicianum's population remained Orthodox.^{[citation needed]}

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Zagreb
Zagreb (Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡrɛb]) is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. In the last official census of 2011, the population of the settlement of Zagreb was 686,568, while the total population of its administrative area was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County with a population of 317,642, bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,110,517. It is the only metropolitan area in Croatia with a population of over one million.
Its favourable geographic position in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin, which extends to the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonic regions, provides an excellent connection for traffic between Central Europe and the Adriatic Sea. The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies and almost all government ministries.

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Zubin Potok
Zubin Potok (Serbian: Зубин Поток , Zubin Potok; Albanian: Zubin Potok or Zubin Potoku) is a town and municipality in the Kosovska Mitrovica district of northern Kosovo. It is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of the ethnic-Albanian-majority Kosovo. According to 1991 census, the municipality had a population of 8,479 people.
Zubin Potok is an agricultural community, yet the level of agricultural production has been in decrease due to the lack of investment. Local factories have been also strongly affected by the lack of consumers in the Albanian parts of Kosovo. Since most factories were established as branches of main Serbian factory chains to serve the Kosovo market, their workers are still employed but work and get paid irregularly. A majority of products sold in the municipality are imported from Serbia.
List of the inhabited places in municipality:
Serbian name first, Albanian one second:
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Zvečan
Zvečan (Serbian: Звечан, Zvečan; Albanian: Zveçan or Zveçani) is a town and municipality in the Kosovska Mitrovica district of Kosovo. It is a part of North Kosovo, a region with an ethnic Serb majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of the ethnic-Albanian-majority Kosovo and Metohija. The municipality covers an area of 104 km² (40 sq mi), and consists of 35 villages. As of 2008, the municipality has a population of approximately 17,000.
In November 2005, it was estimated that the municipality was 95% Serb, with only 4 Albanian families in the area.^{[citation needed]}
According to 2006 estimates, the municipality of Zvečan had a population of 16,600 people.^{[citation needed]} As of 2008, the municipality has a population of approximately 17,000 inhabitants, of which ca. 16,050 (ca. 94 %) are Serbs. Some 350 Albanians are concentrated in the villages of Boljetin, Lipa and Žaža, with 80 Kosovo Albanian families having returned to the municipality since 2000. A small number of other minorities also reside in the munnicipality. About 4,000 Kosovo Serbs are located in the municipality as Internally displaced persons (IDPs) as well as 250 refugees from Croatia.

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Đakovica
Đakovica or Gjakova (Albanian: Gjakova or Gjakovë, Albanian pronunciation: [ɟaˈkɔva] or [ɟaˈkɔvə]; Serbian: Ђаковица, Đakovica, pronounced [d͡ʑâkɔʋit͡sa]; Turkish: Yakova) is a city and municipality in western Kosovo. It is also the administrative centre of the homonymous district. The municipality's population is estimated at 94,158(2011). The city is located at 42°23′N 20°26′E / 42.39°N 20.43°E / 42.39; 20.43.
There are a number of theories concerning the name of the town: that it derives from the Serbian word đak (pupil) from earlier d(i)jak; or that it derives from the Albanian word for "blood" (gjak). In that period, the end of the sixteenth century, namely in 1594/95, Hadum Suleiman Aga Hadum Efendia-built mosque, which also bears the name of the donor-sponsors of the facility in town. Hadum Mosque, according to tradition, was built in property of Jakë Vula, hence the name would become the city – Jakovë. It is also plausible to conclude that the Albanian name for the town, 'Gjakova' may in fact represent an Albanized version^{[citation needed]} of otherwise south slavic(Serbian) genitive case 'Jakova', as in "(zemlja) Jakova", meaning "(the land) of Jakov", Jakov being a landlord and vassal of Vuk Branković, Serbian medieval nobleman. The extensive Turkish list of the 1485. Đakovica was mentioned as a village with 67 households and rural priest. All personal names in this list are Serbian, except two who may have been of Albanian origin.^{[citation needed]}

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Đeneral Janković
Hani i Elezit (Albanian: Hani i Elezit; is a town and municipality in southern Kosovo, near the border with the Republic of Macedonia. It is one of the new formed municipalities formed in September 2005. It was previously part of the Kačanik municipality.Hani i Elezit is located in the south-eastern part of Kosovo. The municipality covers an area of 82.9 km² (32 sq mi). It borders the Kačanik municipality to the north and Skopje municipality of the Republic of Macedonia to the south. It was named after Serbian general Božidar Janković.
In 2011, the population was 9,389. Apart from 30 Kosovo Bosniaks, the municipal unit is ethnically homogeneous (Kosovo Albanian). Hani i Elezit has ten villages, two of which are uninhabited.
The municipality has a total of 250 family shops and small businesses registered. The economy f Hani i Elezit is mainly based on three companies/enterprises: Sharr-Çimentorja (cement factory), Kosovaplast (plastic factory), and Salonit (roof covers factory). All the aforementioned were part of the Sharr Combinate before 1989. Sharr-Çimentorja employs 770 people, Salonit employs 280 employees, and Kosovaplast has 100 employees.

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Štimlje
Štimlje or Shtime is a town and municipality in the Uroševac district of southern Kosovo. The town is the seat of the Štimlje municipality.
The territory of the municipality covers 134 square kilometers, and it has over 27,288 inhabitants.
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Štrpce
Štrpce (Serbian: Штрпце/Štrpce, Albanian: Shtërpcë or Shtërpca) is a town and municipality in the District of Uroševac, Kosovo.
According to the 1991 census, the municipality of Štrpce had a population of around 12,800 people. As of 2006, Štrpce had an ethnic two third Serbian majority, making it a Serb enclave in Kosovo.
The municipality is situated near the Šar Mountains. It encompasses an area of 247.36 square kilometers (95.51 sq mi) on the northeast part of the Šar Mountains, and the upper part of the Lepenac river valley, which is well known as Sirinić Valley. Its municipal borders almost overlap with the borders of Sirinić Valley. Border lines are made of the mountain massive of the north-east part of the Šar Mountains and its branches: Ošljak, Kodža Balkan, Žar and Jezerska Mountain. The municipality of Štrpce is a mainly mountainous area, comprising regions from 900 meters (3,000 ft) above sea level in the Lepenac river valley up to 2,500 meters (8,200 ft) above sea level at its highest peak, Ljuboten. Dominant mountain massifs create a natural isolation for this municipality towards north and south, meanwhile by Brod canyon the municipality is open towards Kosovo Valley, and through Prevalac toward Prizren Valley. In the immediate neighborhood are the municipalities of Uroševac, Kačanik, Suva Reka and Prizren, and on one side the municipality is bordered by the Republic of Macedonia.

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Albanians
Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët) are an ethnic group native to Albania and neighbouring countries. In the context of an ethnicity, they are commonly referred to as ethnic Albanians to distinguish the group from the use of the term Albanians as referring to citizens of Albania. They speak the Albanian language. More than half of all Albanians live in Albania and Kosovo. The Albanian diaspora also exists in a number of other countries.
While the exonym Albania for the general region inhabited by the Albanians does hark back to Classical Antiquity, the name was lost within the Albanian language, the Albanian endonym being shqiptar, from the term for the Albanian language, shqip, a derivation of the verb shqiptoj "to utilize a correct Albanian pronunciation ". This theory pertains to Hahn and it holds that perhaps the word is ultimately a loan from Latin excipio. Thus, the Albanian endonym, like Slav and others, is in origin a term for "those who speak [intelligibly, the same language]". However another plausible theory has been advanced by Maximilian Lambertz to explain the endonym as derived from the Albanian noun shqype or shqiponjë (eagle), which, according to Albanian folk etymology, denoted a bird totem dating from the times of Skanderbeg, as displayed on the Albanian flag.

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Bedri Pejani
Bedri bej Ipeku (or Bedri Pejani) (1885-1946) was an Albanian politician of the 19th and 20th century.
Pejani was born in the city of İpek (now Peć) on 10 October 1885 and at 27 became a signatory of the Albanian Declaration of Independence. Elected at the first Albanian senate, he represented Kosovo at the Conference of Versailles in 1919.
In 1920 he became editor in-chief of Populli, a newspaper based in Shkoder, and in the 1921-1923 period he was head of the People's Party and member of the Albanian Parliament. He fled Albania and joined Konare in 1924, when Zog of Albania came to power and was condemned to death in absentia by Zogu's regime, which subsequently amnestied him.
Assisted by the German emissary of the III Reich, Franz von Schweiger, and along with Xhafer Deva, Pejani created in 1943 the Second League of Prizren in order to protect Greater Albania, which, created in May 1941, was now in danger, because of political vacuum. Pejani was the responsible for the cleansing of 20,000 Serbs in the Peja region in April 1944. Two years later, in 1946, Pejani was captured, imprisoned, and executed by the Yugoslav police.

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Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bosnian: Bošnjak, pl: Bošnjaci, pronounced [bɔːˈʃɲaːtsi]) are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic tie to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, common culture and language. In the English-speaking world, Bosniaks are also referred to as Bosnian Muslims or simply Bosnians. Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an official ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam. The term Bosnian is used to denote all inhabitants of Bosnia regardless of ethnic origin.
Bosniaks are a South Slavic people. Nonetheless, it has been proposed, based on genetic signatures, that their roots also date back to pre-Slavic inhabitants of the Dinaric region, effectively predating many modern European homogenous ethnic groups. There are well over two million Bosniaks living in the Balkans today, with an estimated additional million settled and living around the world.^{[citation needed]} Several instances of ethnic cleansing and genocide have had a tremendous effect on the territorial distribution of the population. Partially due to this,^{[citation needed]} a notable Bosniak diaspora exists in a number of countries, including Austria, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, Canada and the United States. Both within the region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.

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Edith Durham
Mary Edith Durham (8 December 1863 – 15 November 1944) was a British traveller, artist and writer who became famous for her anthropological accounts of life in Albania in the early 20th century.
Durham was the eldest of eight children; her father, Arthur Edward Durham, was a distinguished London surgeon. Educated privately, she developed a talent for illustration and watercolouring and attended the Royal Academy of Arts and Bedford College in London. She exhibited widely and contributed a number of detailed drawings to the amphibia and reptiles volume of the Cambridge Natural History (published 1899).
After the death of her father, Durham took on the responsibilities of caring for her sick mother for several years. It proved an exhausting experience; when she was 37, her doctor recommended that she should undertake a foreign vacation to recuperate. She took a trip by sea down the coast of Dalmatia, travelling from Trieste to Kotor and then overland to Cetinje, the capital of Montenegro. It gave her a taste for southern Balkan life that she was to retain for the rest of her life.

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Enver Hoxha
Enver Hoxha ( pronunciation (help·info); 16 October 1908 – 11 April 1985) was the leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania. He also served as Prime Minister of Albania from 1944 to 1954, Minister of Defence, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chairman of the Democratic Front from 1945 to his death, and as Commander-in-Chief of the Albanian armed forces from 1944 to his death. Hoxha's leadership was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism–Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards. After his break with Maoism in the 1976–1978 period, numerous Maoist parties declared themselves Hoxhaist. The International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle) is the most well known collection of these parties today.
Hoxha was born in Gjirokastër, a city in southern Albania (then under the Ottoman Empire) that has been home to many prominent families. He was the son of Halil Hoxha, a Bektashi Tosk cloth merchant who travelled widely across Europe and the United States of America, and Gjylihan (Gjylo) Hoxha. At age 16 he helped found and became secretary of the Students Society of Gjirokastër, which protested against the monarchist government. After the Society was closed down by the government, he left his hometown and moved to Korçë, continuing his studies in a French secondary school. There he learned French history, literature and philosophy. In this city he read for the first time the Communist Manifesto.

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Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky (Russian: Лев Троцкий, pronounced [ˈlʲef ˈtrot͡skʲɪj] ( listen); 7 November [O.S. 26 October] 1879 – 21 August 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronshtein, was a Russian Marxist revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army.
Trotsky was initially a supporter of the Menshevik Internationalists faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He joined the Bolsheviks immediately prior to the 1917 October Revolution, and eventually became a leader within the Party. During the early days of the Soviet Union, he served first as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and later as the founder and commander of the Red Army as People's Commissar of Military and Naval Affairs. He was a major figure in the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War (1918–20). He was also among the first members of the Politburo.
After leading a failed struggle of the Left Opposition against the policies and rise of Joseph Stalin in the 1920s and the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, Trotsky was successively removed from power, expelled from the Communist Party, deported from the Soviet Union and assassinated on Stalin's orders. An early advocate of Red Army intervention against European fascism, Trotsky also opposed Stalin's non-aggression pact with Adolf Hitler in the late 1930s.

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Lorenc Antoni
Lorenc Antoni (Cyrillic: Лоренц Антони) (born 23 September 1909 in Üsküp, Ottoman Empire, died 21 October 1991 in Pristina, SFR Yugoslavia) was a Kosovo Albanian composer, conductor, and ethnomusicologist.
Antoni was raised as a Catholic in the Albanian Catholic community of Skopje, and is the cousin of Agnesë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa).. Since a child, he was active in various musical ensembles of the Albanians. He studied music privately in Skopje and Belgrade. After completing his education at the Faculty of Philosophy in Skopje, he returned to Ferizaj/Uroševac.
In 1941 Antoni beagn teaching music in Ferizaj/Uroševac, Prizren, and Prishtinë/Priština. In 1948 Antoni established in Prizren one of the Josip Slavenski music schools of former Yugoslavia for beginners and intermediate music performers. He led and conducted the choir of the school. He also conducted the artists of the cultural society "Agimi" and the Symphony Orchestra of the city of Prizren.
In the study of folklore, Antoni wrote a seven-volume work on Albanian folk music from Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and South Morava. He also composed around 200 musical compositions, mainly vocal pieces.

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Marino Bizzi
Marino Bizzi (also known as Marin Bizzius and Marin Bici) (1570 – 1624) was a Dalmatian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Bizzi was Archbishop of Antivari.
Bizzi was born on the island of Rab (in present-day Croatia) to an aristocratic and wealthy family. He served as the island's bishop till 1608 when Pope Paul V appointed him as the Archbishop of Antivari and the administrator of the Bishopric of Budua.
Through Mahmut Bushati, Bizzi obtained a firman from Sultan Ahmed I, allowing him entry into Antivari. After obtaining the firman, Bizzi went off to live in the house of Asan Çelebi in Antivari. However, his life was always in danger. Because of unsettled conditions within his diocese, Bizzi had his seat in Budua, where he only lived for three years.
In the beginning of 1610, Bizzi had set off on a journey to visit his ecclesiastical regions, which were under Turkish, only to return by the end of the year. He travelled to Rab the following year, eventually settling in Rome, in Italy, where he died.

wn.com/Marino_Bizzi
Procopius
Procopius of Caesarea (Latin: Procopius Caesarensis, Ancient Greek: Προκόπιος ὁ Καισαρεύς; c. AD 500 – c. AD 565) was a prominent Byzantine scholar from Palestine. Accompanying the general Belisarius in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, he became the principal historian of the 6th century, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History. He is commonly held to be the last major historian of the ancient world.
Apart from his own writings, the main source for Procopius' life is an entry in the Suda, a 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia that tells nothing about his early life. He was a native of Caesarea in Palaestina Prima (modern Israel). He would have received a conventional élite education in the Greek classics and then rhetoric, perhaps at the famous School of Gaza, may have attended law school, possibly at Berytus (modern Beirut) or Constantinople, and became a rhetor (barrister or advocate). He evidently knew Latin, as was natural for a man with legal training. In 527, the first year of Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I's reign, he became the adsessor (legal adviser) for Belisarius, Justinian's chief military commander who was then beginning a brilliant career.

wn.com/Procopius
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy ( /ˈtɒləmi/; Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaudios Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. AD 90 – c. AD 168), was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid. This theory, proposed by Theodore Meliteniotes, could be correct, but it is late (ca. 1360) and unsupported. There is no reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else than Alexandria, where he died around AD 168.
Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, at least three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest (in Greek, Ἡ Μεγάλη Σύνταξις, "The Great Treatise", originally Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, "Mathematical Treatise"). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise known sometimes in Greek as the Apotelesmatika (Ἀποτελεσματικά), more commonly in Greek as the Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος "Four books"), and in Latin as the Quadripartitum (or four books) in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day.

wn.com/Ptolemy
Serbs
The Serbs (Serbian: Срби, Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs live mainly in Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is also a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German-speaking countries, including Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1.8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%). Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States (198,000 Serbian plus additional 326,000 "Yugoslav" nationals),Canada (72,690 in 2006) and Australia (95,000 in 2006).
The Serbs are a Slavic people, specifically of the South Slavic subgroup, which has its origins in the 6th and 7th century communities developed in Southeastern Europe (see Great Migration). Slav raids on Eastern Roman territory are mentioned in 518, and by the 580s they had conquered large areas referred to as Sclavinia (transl. Slavdom, from Sklavenoi – Σκλαυηνοι, the early South Slavic tribe which is eponymous to the current ethnic and linguistic Indo-European people). In 649, Constantine III relocates conquered Slavs "from the Vardar" to Gordoservon (Serb habitat). Among communities part in the Serb ethnogenesis are the Romanized Paleo-Balkan tribes of Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, Celts, Greek colonies and Romans.

wn.com/Serbs
Turkish people
Turkish people, also known as the "Turks" (Turkish: singular: Türk, plural: Türkler), are a nation and ethnic group primarily living in Turkey, and in the former lands of the Ottoman Empire where Turkish minorities have been established in the Balkans, the island of Cyprus, the Levant, Meskhetia, and North Africa. The Turkish minorities are the second largest ethnic groups in Bulgaria and Cyprus. In addition, due to modern migration, a Turkish diaspora has been established, particularly in Western Europe (see Turks in Europe), where large communities have been formed in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. There are also Turkish communities living in Australia, the former Soviet Union and the United States.
Although Turkic languages may have been spoken as early as 600 BC, the name "Turk" first appeared in Chinese sources and derives from the term "Tujue" (T’u-chue), meaning "strong" or "powerful", which was used in the 6th century C.E. to refer to the Göktürks.

wn.com/Turkish_people

Prizren , Kosovo 2012 (Prizreni)

Prizren , Kosovo My Filming In kosovo (Kosova) In a Town Called Prizren ( Prizren ) and I ...

published: 26 Feb 2012

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prizren 06.09.1984

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NATO bombing of Serbia - Prizren

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Kosova Prizreni (Kosovo Prizren ) 2012

Best film clip of Prizren Kosovo in a while thanx for watching 2012 Second most Largest To...

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Kosovo Viehmarkt in Prizren

+8 AUSDAUER +10 MORAL bei Schulterglatze HIER: wbk1.schulterglatze.de Bundeswehr Panzerhau...

published: 13 Mar 2012

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Prizren , Kosovo 2012 May HD

Sorry For The Shaking But i tried My Best To Film It so Enjoy It and Please Like and comme...

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Alhidina Kna Prizren Album

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Prizren 2012

prizren kosova zupa recane nebregoste jablanica sarajevo bosna...

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GEZIM STATOVCI--AUTOSTRADA E KOSOVES-PRIZREN-VERI

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Labinot Tahiri - Live në Prizren ( Official Video )

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Tupanat ne prizren PJESA 1

...

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Soft (Short Film)

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published: 26 Feb 2012

author: www.rumelidenanadoluya.com

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photo: AP / Mohamed Sheikh Nor

File - Al-Shabaab fighters display weapons as they conduct military exercises in northern Mogadishu, Somalia,Thursday, Oct. 21, 2010.

French secret service hostage and soldiers killed in Somali rescue mission

The Guardian

12 Jan 2013

Helicopter raid fails to rescue agent 'Denis Allex' from Islamist group al-Shabaab, as French combat pilot killed in Mali. French secret service hostage 'Denis Allex' pictured in Somalia in October 2012. Photograph. SITE Monitoring Service/AFP/Getty Images. A French hostage and two French soldiers have been killed during a failed secret service rescue mission in Somalia ... The group said it had also captured a wounded French commando ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)

photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD

This Sunday Jan.13, 2013 photo provided by the French Army Monday Jan.14, 2013 shows a French Rafale jetfighter landing after a mission to Mali in N'Djamena, Chad.

France strikes Mali rebels

Independent online (SA)

14 Jan 2013

Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)

photo: US Navy / MCS2 Gretchen Albrecht

File - Electronics Technician 3rd Class Jackie McBride hands a box to Electronics Technician 2nd Class Shawn Cutter as they attempt to clear a street in Staten Island, New York that was leveled during Hurricane Sandy, Nov. 9, 2012.

Now no one can deny that the world is getting warmer

The Observer

13 Jan 2013

The draft version of the US National Climate Assessment, released on Friday, makes remarkable reading – not just for Americans but for all humanity. Put together by a special panel of more than 240 scientists, the federally commissioned report reveals that the US is already reeling under the impact of global warming ... Nor is there any doubt about the cause of these rising temperatures ... A bitter struggle lies ahead ... Sender's name ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

Indian Hindu holy men, or Naga Sadhus, run naked into the water at Sangam, the confluence of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati, during the royal bath on Makar Sankranti at the start of the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, India, Monday, Jan. 14, 2013.

Pilgrims Flock to India's Ganges for World's Biggest Festival

Jakarta Globe

14 Jan 2013

Allahabad. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims led by naked, ash-covered holy men streamed into the sacred river Ganges on Monday at the start of the world's biggest religious festival. The Kumbh Mela in the Indian town of Allahabad will see up to 100 million worshippers gather over the next 55 days to take a ritual bath in the holy waters, believed to cleanse sins and bestow blessings ... "I am ecstatic ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 4.2Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama talks with Chief of Staff Jack Lew and Rob Nabors, Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, in the Oval Office, Nov. 28, 2012.

Obama On Debt Ceiling: 'We Are Not A Deadbeat Nation'

Huffington Post

14 Jan 2013

WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama issued a strong warning to Republicans on Monday that he will not negotiate over the debt ceiling or allow Republicans to use it as a bargaining chip. "To even entertain the idea of the United States of America not paying our bills is irresponsible. It's absurd," Obama said in a press conference ... "They will not collect a ransom in exchange for not crashing the economy," Obama said ... Also on HuffPost ... ....(size: 10.3Kb)

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Spanish Locksmiths Refuse To Help Evict Homeowners Any Longer

Huffington Post

03 Jan 2013

Locksmiths in a Spanish city known for its bullfights are directing their fighting spirit toward another adversary. banks. The dozen or so locksmiths in Pamplona, Spain, announced in December that they are refusing to carry out evictions, PRI reports ... The U.S ... Earlier on HuffPost ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 5.7Kb)

Wolfgang Schaeuble, German Finance Minister On European Debt Crisis: 'We Have The Worst Behind Us'

Huffington Post

27 Dec 2012

BERLIN -- Germany's finance minister says the worst of euro area's debt crisis appears to be over after three years of worries over Greece and other members of the group of 17 European Union countries that use the single currency ... "I think we have the worst behind us." ... #10 ... #5 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)

Eurozone Recession Likely Worsened This Quarter, According To Closely-Watched Index

Huffington Post

14 Dec 2012

By Jonathan Cable. LONDON, Dec 14 (Reuters) - The euro zone recession has deepened in the current quarter after the bloc's private sector contracted for the 11th straight month in December, a purchasing managers' index suggested on Friday ... RAY OF HOPE ... (Editing by Hugh Lawson) ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)

European Banking Union Now Just Short Years Away: Seven And A Half Things To Know

Huffington Post

13 Dec 2012

Science has determined that people need to know 7.5 things per day, on average, about the world of business. You can't argue with science ... And we're giving it away free, because we love you, and also science. Here you go.. Thing One ... Like, maybe, the value of hurrying up ... Thing Two ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 12.1Kb)

U.S., EU Free Trade Pact: Trading Foes Considering Largest Free Trade Deal In The World

Huffington Post

11 Dec 2012

WASHINGTON -- After years of battling each other on trade issues, U.S. and European officials are contemplating a dramatic change in direction. joining together in what could be the world's largest free trade pact in an attempt to boost their struggling economies ... U.S ... and the EU ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 9.5Kb)

Greek Debt Crisis Putting Basic Hospital Hygiene At Risk As Doctors Stop Using Gloves, Gowns

Huffington Post

05 Dec 2012

* Supplies of gloves and gowns threatened by budget cuts. * EU officials fear rising rates of superbug infections. * Greek govt says healthcare system is 2 bln euros in debt (Repeats story, text unchanged). By Kate Kelland, Health and Science Correspondent ... Also on HuffPost ... #10 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 9.5Kb)

European Banks Make Miraculous Recovery: Seven And A Half Things To Know

Huffington Post

05 Dec 2012

Science has determined that people need to know 7.5 things per day, on average, about the world of business. You can't argue with science ... And we're giving it away free, because we love you, and also science. Here you go.. Thing One. Miracle Banks. Great news, everybody ... Thing Two ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 12.8Kb)

Coffin Therapy: Ukranian Stepan Piryanyk Helps Customers Rest In Peace With New Treatment

Huffington Post

04 Dec 2012

A mustachioed man experiences coffin therapy. A Ukrainian coffin maker is helping potential customers get comfortable -- but not too comfortable ... The backstory to the 15-minute treatment is everything as creepy as you hoped for ... A young Kosovo dervish, adept of Sufism, a mystical form of Islam that preaches tolerance and a search for understanding, takes part in a ceremony in the prayer room in the town of Prizren on March 22, 2012 ... 36k....(size: 25.5Kb)

Ireland's Financial Crisis Leads To 118-Year High In Births In 2009

Huffington Post

27 Nov 2012

* Baby numbers hit 118 year peak during crash. * Families growing despite falling incomes. * Poor jobs market prompts some women to take career break. * Growing population will help ease pension squeeze. By Conor Humphries and Lorraine Turner ... babies ... NEVER ENOUGH MONEY ... #10 ... 7, 2011 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 11.4Kb)

Angela Merkel: Greek Aid Deal Could Be Reached By Monday

Huffington Post

21 Nov 2012

"I believe there are chances, one doesn't know for sure, but there are chances to get a solution on Monday," Merkel told the Bundestag lower house of parliament in a debate on the German budget ... this will not be fulfilled ... They are to meet again on Monday ... Also on HuffPost ... #10 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)

Seven And A Half Things To Know: European Leaders Fail To Solve Greek Crisis, Again

Huffington Post

21 Nov 2012

Now Arriving By Email. If you'd like this newsletter delivered daily to your email inbox, then please just feed your email address to the thin box over on the right side of this page, wedged narrowly between the ad and all the social-media buttons ... Thing One ... Thing Two ... 8.30 a.m ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren ... ....(size: 13.8Kb)

Eurozone In Recession For The Second Time Since 2009

Huffington Post

15 Nov 2012

* Euro zone GDP falls 0.1 pct in third quarter. * France, Germany rise 0.2 but Netherlands, Spain, Italy fall. * Belgium stagnates, Austria also contracts. By Robin Emmott ... The European Commission sees a 0.4 percent contraction for the euro zone in all of 2012 ... Also on HuffPost ... #5 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 7.5Kb)

European Union Nations Weigh Capping Banker Bonuses

Huffington Post

12 Nov 2012

BRUSSELS (Reuters) - European Union countries will consider a proposal this week for an absolute cap on the total bonus paid to bankers, EU officials said on Sunday, a reform Britain is unlikely to support ... "Shareholders could decide to go for five times," said the official ... #5 ... 22, 2012, photo shows pedestrians walking across the Ottoman era cobble stone bridge over the almost dried out Bistrica river in western Kosovo town of Prizren....(size: 6.7Kb)

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Prizren
— Municipality and city —
Prizren Prizren / Prizreni / Призрен
Top row: Prizren Second row: League of Prizren, Old Stone Bridge, Prizren Third row: Our Lady of Ljeviš, Minaret of Arasta Mosque, Sinan Pasha Mosque Forth row: Namazgâh, Municipality Building Bottom row: Prizrenska Bistrica
Prizren Location in Kosovo
Coordinates: 42°13′N 20°44′E / 42.217°N 20.733°E / 42.217; 20.733Coordinates: 42°13′N 20°44′E / 42.217°N 20.733°E / 42.217; 20.733
Country	Kosovo^[a]
District	District of Prizren
Area
• Total	640 km² (250 sq mi)
Elevation	402 m (1,319 ft)
Population (2012)
• Total	178,112
• Density	295.70/km² (765.9/sq mi)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	20000
Area code(s)	+381 29
Car plates	04
Website	Municipality of Prizren

Prizren (Albanian: Prizren or Prizreni; Serbian: Призрен, Prizren, pronounced [prîzrɛn]; Turkish: Prizren, Pürzeyn, Perzerrin) is a historical city located in Kosovo.^[a] It is the administrative center of the eponymous municipality and district. The city has a population of around 178,000 (2011 census preliminary results),^[1] mostly Albanians. Prizren is located on the slopes of the Šar Mountains (Albanian: Malet e Sharrit) in the southern part of Kosovo. The municipality has a border with Albania and the Republic of Macedonia.

History [link]

For Timeline of the History of Kosovo including many places in Prizren, see Timeline of Kosovo history.

Ancient [link]

Main article: Theranda

The Roman^[2] town of Theranda in Ptolemy's Geography is mentioned in the 2nd century AD. In the 5th century, it is mentioned as being restored in Dardania with the name of Petrizên by Procopius of Caesarea in De aedificiis (Book IV, Chapter 4).^[3] Sometimes it is mentioned even in relation to the Justiniana Prima.^{[citation needed]} It is thought that its modern name comes from old Slavic Призрѣнь, from при-зрѣти, indicating fortress which could be seen from afar^[4] (compare with Czech Přízřenice or mount Ozren).

File:Prizren bylbyl dere 1915.jpg

Historic Photo of Bulbulder Mahala area (Albanian: Bylbyldere Mahalla) in Prizren

Medieval [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The Serbs, one of the Slavic tribes that settled the Balkans in the 6th–7th centuries, acquired the spiritual and cultural orientation when they accepted Byzantine Orthodox Christianity in the 9th century. They remained within Constantinople’s cultural sphere of influence, while however becoming more independent, forging autonomous kingdoms based on the opportunities that this Christian orientation provided for the development of a coherent civilization and state.

While there were some predecessors, the first major Serbian power arose in 1166, when the Nemanjic dynasty emerged, headed first by Tihomir and then by his brother Stefan. The Serbian Nemanjic dynasty would base the Serbian empire in Kosovo and Metohija, making Kosovo the political, cultural, and religious center of the Serbia. Metohija, which refers more specifically to western Kosovo, is a Byzantine Greek word indicating possessions held by the Orthodox Church. The Nemanjic dynasty would endure until 1371 when it would end due to the invasion of the Ottoman Turks and defeat at the 1371 battle of Marica.

As the Serbian empire sought an outlet to the Adriatic coast, the administrative and religious center of the empire shifted to Shkodër, Prizren, and Dečani.

Ottoman period [link]

Prizren Vilayet [link]

File:Prizreni-1863.jpg

View of the castle in 1863

Main article: Prizren Vilayet

In 1455 Ottoman army had conquered Prizren. Prizren was the capital of the Sanjak of Prizren, and under new administrative organization of Ottoman Empire it became capital of the Vilayet.^[5] This included the city of Tetova.^[6] That time this open mosque had built. It is the first work of Ottoman architecture in Prizren.^{[citation needed]} In recent years, has undergone serious repair and renovation.^{[citation needed]}. Marino Bizzi, the Archbishop of Bar (Antivari), in his 1610 report stated that Prizren had 8.600 large houses and that it was irrigated by many sources of flowing water, like fountains.^[7] He recorded that the population of Prizren spoke the Dalmatian language, although some part of the Sanjak of Prizren penetrates into Albania, which population speak its own language.^[8] Later it became a part of the Ottoman province of Rumelia. It was a prosperous trade city, benefiting from its position on the north-south and east-west trade routes across the Empire. Prizren became one of the larger cities of the Ottomans' Kosovo Province (vilayet). Prizren was the cultural and intellectual centre of Ottoman Kosovo. It was dominated by its Muslim population, who composed over 70% of its population in 1857. The city became the biggest Albanian cultural centre and the coordination political and cultural capital of the Kosovar Albanians. In 1871, a long Serbian seminary was opened in Prizren, discussing the possible joining of the old Serbia's territories with the Principality of Serbia.

Kosovo Vilayet [link]

Prizren was an important part of Kosovo Vilayet between 1877–1912.

League of Prizren [link]

During the late 19th century the city became a focal point for Albanian nationalism and saw the creation in 1878 of the League of Prizren, a movement formed to seek the national unification and liberation of Albanians within the Ottoman Empire.

Young Turk Revolution [link]

The Young Turk Revolution was a step in the dissolving of the Ottoman empire that led to the Balkan Wars. The Third Army (Ottoman Empire) had a division in Prizren, at the time called Pirzerin, the 30th Pirzerin Reserve Infantry Division (Otuzuncu Pirzerin Redif Fırkası).

Balkan wars [link]

The fortress of Prizren from 1905.

The Prizren attachment was part of the İpek Detachment in the Order of Battle, October 19, 1912 in the First Balkan War.

During the First Balkan War the city was seized by the Serbian army and incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia^{[citation needed]}. Although the troops met little resistance, the takeover was bloody. The British traveler Edith Durham attempted to visit it shortly afterwards but was barred by the authorities, as were most other foreigners, for the Montenegrin forces temporarily closed the city before full control was restored. The number of killed Albanians reached 400 to 4000. A few visitors did make it through—including Leon Trotsky, then working as a journalist—and reports eventually emerged of widespread killings of Albanians.^[9]

After the First Balkan War of 1912, the Conference of Ambassadors in London allowed the creation of the state of Albania and handed Kosovo to the Kingdom of Serbia, even though the population of Kosovo remained mostly Albanian.^[10]

Yugoslav period [link]

With the invasion of the Kingdom of Serbia by Austro-Hungarian forces in 1915 during the First World War, the city was occupied by the Central Powers. The Serbian Army pushed the Central Powers out of the city in October 1918. By the end of 1918, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed—with Prizren a part of its historical territorial entity of Serbia. The Kingdom was renamed in 1929 to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Prizren became a part of its Banate of Vardar.

File:Prizren 14 May 1934 GermanyLang.ogv

German video of Prizren 1934

Second League of Prizren [link]

Main article: Second League of Prizren

File:Prizren 1943.jpg

A picture of people on the Shadervan in 1943

The Axis Italian forces conquered the city in 1941 during World War II; it was annexed to the Italian puppet state of Albania. In 1943 with the help of the German Wehrmacht Bedri Pejani created the Second League of Prizren.^[11]

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia [link]

View of the city ca 1940

The Communists of Yugoslavia liberated it by 1944. It was formulated as a part of Kosovo and Metohija, under Democratic Serbia as a part of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia. The Constitution defined the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija within the People's Republic of Serbia, a constituent state of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. In 9–10 July 1945 the Regional Assembly of Kosovo and Metohija held in Prizren adopted the decision of abolishing the region's autonomy and direct integration into Serbia.

The Province was renamed to Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo in 1974, remaining part of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, but having attributions similar to a Socialist Republic within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The former status was restored in 1989, and officially in 1990.

For many years after the restoration of Serbian rule, Prizren and the region of Dečani to the west remained centres of Albanian nationalism. In 1956 the Yugoslav secret police put on trial in Prizren nine Kosovo Albanians accused of having been infiltrated into the country by the (hostile) Communist Albanian regime of Enver Hoxha. The "Prizren trial" became something of a cause célèbre after it emerged that a number of leading Yugoslav Communists had allegedly had contacts with the accused. The nine accused were all convicted and sentenced to long prison sentences, but were released and declared innocent in 1968 with Kosovo's assembly declaring that the trial had been "staged and mendacious."

Kosovo War [link]

Destroyed Serbian quarter of Prizren

The town of Prizren did not suffer much during the Kosovo War but its surrounding municipality was badly affected 1998–1999. Before the war, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe estimated that the municipality's population was about 78% Kosovo Albanian, 5% Serb and 17% from other national communities. During the war most of the Albanian population were either forced or intimidated into leaving the town. Tusus Neighborhood suffered the most. Some twenty-seven to thirty-four people were killed and over one hundred houses were burned.^[12]

At the end of the war in June 1999, most of the Albanian population returned to Prizren. Serbian and Roma minorities fled, with the OSCE estimating that 97% of Serbs and 60% of Romas had left Prizren by October. The community is now predominantly ethnically Albanian, but other minorities such as Turkish, Ashkali (a minority declaring itself as Albanian Roma) and Bosniak (including Torbesh community) live there as well, be that in the city itself, or in villages around. Such locations include Sredska, Mamuša, the region of Gora, etc. [1]

The war and its aftermath caused only a moderate amount of damage to the city compared to other cities in Kosovo.^[13] Serbian forces destroyed an important Albanian cultural monument in Prizren, the League of Prizren building^[14]^[15] On March 17, 2004, during the Unrest in Kosovo, all Serb cultural monuments in Prizren were damaged, burned or destroyed, such as old Orthodox Serb churches:

Our Lady of Ljeviš from 1307 (UNESCO World Heritage Site)^[16]
the Church of Holy Salvation^[16]
Church of St. George^[16] (the city's largest church)
Church of St. George^[16] (Runjevac)
Church of St. Kyriaki, Church of St. Nicolas (Tutić Church)^[16]
the Monastery of The Holy Archangels,^[16] as well as
Prizren's Ortodox seminary of Saint Cyrillus and Methodius^[16]

Also, during that riot, entire Serb quarter of Prizren, near the Prizren Fortress, was completely destroyed, and all remaining Serb population was evicted from Prizren.^[17]^[18]

Prizren now [link]

The municipality of Prizren is still the most culturally and ethnically heterogeneous of Kosovo, retaining communities of Bosniaks, Turks, and Roma in addition to the majority Kosovo Albanian population live in Prizren. Only a small number of Kosovo Serbs remains in Prizren and area, residing in small villages, enclaves, or protected housing complexes.[2] Furthermore, Prizren's Turkish community is socially prominent and influential, and the Turkish language is widely spoken even by non-ethnic Turks.

View of the City from the castle 2009

Official languages [link]

In Prizren Municipality, Albanian, Serbian, Bosnian and Turkish languages are official languages.^[19]^[20]

Culture [link]

Prizren is the seat of a summer documentary film festival called Dokufest. The city is home to numerous mosques, Orthodox and Catholic churches and other monuments. Among them:

Saint Archangels Monastery
League of Prizren Monument
Kaljaja fortress
Church of Holy Salvation
Our Lady of Ljeviš church
Church of St. Nicholas
Sinan Pasha Mosque
Church of St. Kyriaki
The Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi
The St. George Cathedral
Mosque Katip Sinan Qelebi
Cathedral of Our Lady of Perpetual Succour
The Lorenc Antoni Music school

These monuments, part of the historic center of the city, have recently been threatened by development pressures.^[21] In addition, war, fires, general dilapidation and neglect have taken their toll on this unique architectural landscape.^[22]

Name	Description	Picture
Shadervan	The Shadervan Turkish: Şadırvan is a tourist area on the south side of town, there are numerous cafes and restaurants there. The ancient water fountain is a protected cultural monument, there is a legend that if you drink from it you will be sure to come back.^[23]^[24]^[25]
Old Stone Bridge, Prizren	The Old Stone Bridge (Albanian: Ura e gurit, Serbian: Стари камени мост) is one of the landmarks of Prizren. It crosses the Prizrenska Bistrica.
Tannery of Prizren	The Tannery/Leatherworks in Prizren (Albanian: Lagjia e Tabakëve, Serbian: Призренска табахана Prizrenska Tabahana^[26] )^[27] is an ancient handcraft building. Tabakëve is the Albanian, and табахана the Serbian version, both from Turkish: 'tr:Tabakhane', where -ana means house.^[28]
Gazi Mehmet Pasha Hammam	The old Turkish bath (Serbian: Стари хамам Гази Мехмед-паше) is in the center of Prizren.
Mosque of Kuklibeu	1534 (1543?) Mosque of Kuklibeu Albanian: Xhamia e Kuklibeut also known as Kukli Bej Mosque
Mosque of Mustafe Pasha Prizreni	Mosque of Mustafe Pashe Prizrenit (Xhamia e Mustafë Pashë Prizrenit/Xhamia e Mustafa Pashës). 1562–1563 Destroyed in 1950 after a storm. It was located at the location of the former UNMIK headquarters, now municipality building 42°12′36″N 20°44′11″E / 42.210060°N 20.736372°E / 42.210060; 20.736372 (municipality building prizren)	300px
Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi	1543–1581 Mosque of Muderis Ali Efendi
Sinan Pasha Mosque	The Sinan Pasha Mosque (Albanian: Xhamia e Sinan Pashës, Serbian: Синан Пашина Џамија, Turkish: Sinan Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque in the city of Prizren, Kosovo.^[a] It was built in 1615 by Sofi Sinan Pasha, bey of Budim.^[29] The mosque overlooks the main street of Prizren and is a dominant feature in the town's skyline.^[30]
Minaret of Arasta Mosque	The remaining minaret of the Arasta Mosque

Economy [link]

For a long time the economy of Kosovo was based on retail industry fueled by remittance income coming from a large number of immigrant communities in Western Europe. Private enterprise, mostly small business, is slowly emerging food processing. Private businesses, like elsewhere in Kosovo, predominantly face difficulties because of lack of structural capacity to grow. Education is poor, financial institutions basic, regulatory institutions lack experience. Central and local legislatures do not have an understanding of their role in creating legal environment good for economic growth and instead compete in patriotic rhetoric. Securing capital investment from foreign entities cannot emerge in such an environment. Due to financial hardships, several companies and factories have closed and others are reducing personnel. This general economic downturn contributes directly to the growing rate of unemployment and poverty, making the financial/economic viability in the region more tenuous.^[31]

Many restaurants, private retail stores, and service-related businesses operate out of small shops. Larger grocery and department stores have recently opened. In town, there are eight sizeable markets, including three produce markets, one car market, one cattle market, and three personal/hygienic and house wares markets. There is an abundance of kiosks selling small goods. Prizren appears to be teeming with economic prosperity, but appearances are deceiving as the international presence is reduced and repatriation of refugees and internally displaced persons is expected to further strain the local economy. Market saturation, high unemployment, and a reduction of financial remittances from abroad are ominous economic indicators.^[31]

There are three agricultural co-operatives in three villages. Most livestock breeding and agricultural production is private, informal, and small-scale. There are five operational banks with branches in Prizren, the Micro Enterprise Bank (MEB), the Raiffeisen Bank, the Nlb Bank, the Teb Bank and the Payment and Banking Authority of Kosovo (BPK).^[31]

Climate [link]

Climate data for Prizren
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	3 (37)	6 (42)	11 (52)	16 (60)	21 (69)	24 (76)	27 (81)	27 (80)	23 (74)	17 (62)	9 (48)	4 (39)	15.6 (60.0)
Average low °C (°F)	−4 (24)	−3 (27)	1 (34)	6 (43)	11 (51)	13 (56)	15 (59)	16 (60)	13 (55)	7 (45)	2 (36)	−3 (27)	6.2 (43.1)
Precipitation mm (inches)	36 (1.4)	36 (1.4)	36 (1.4)	43 (1.7)	56 (2.2)	46 (1.8)	36 (1.4)	28 (1.1)	36 (1.4)	41 (1.6)	48 (1.9)	48 (1.9)	488 (19.2)
Source: Weatherbase ^[32]

Demographics [link]

Year	Albanians	%	Bosniaks	%	Serb	%	Turk	%	Roma	%	Others	%	Total
Demographics
1991 cens.	132,591	75.58	19,423	11.1	10,950	6.24	7,227	4.1	3,96 3	2.3	1,259	0.7	175,413
1998	n/a	n/a	38,500	n/a	8,839	n/a	12,250	n/a	4,500	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
January 2000	181,531	76.9	37,500	15.9	258	0.1	12,250	5.2	4,500	1.9	n/a	n/a	236,000
March 2001	181,748	81.9	22,000	9.9	252	0.1	12,250	5.5	5,424	2.4	n/a	n/a	221,674
May 2002	182,000	79.6	29,369	12.8	197	0.09	11,965	5.2	4,400	1.9	550	0.25	228,481
December 2002	180,176	81.6	21,266	9.6	221	0.09	14,050	6.4	5,148	2.3	n/a	n/a	221,374
Source: For 1991: Census data, Federal Office of Statistics in Serbia (figures to be considered as unreliable). 1998 and 2000 minority figures from UNHCR in Prizren, January 2000. 2000 Kosovo Albanian figure is an unofficial OSCE estimate January–March 2000. 2001 figures come from German KFOR, UNHCR and IOM last update March 2, 2001. May 2002 statistics are joint UN, UNHCR, KFOR, and OSCE approximations. December 2002 figures are based on survey by the Local Community Office. All figures are estimates. Ref: OSCE .pdf ^{[dead link]}

According to the 1991 census conducted by the Yugoslav authorities, the municipality of Prizren had a population of 200,584 citizens:

157,518 (78.53%) Albanians
11,371 (5.67%) Serbs and Montenegrins
other' [3]

According to the same census, the city of Prizren had 92,303 citizens.

Just before the Kosovo War in 1998, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe estimated the population of the municipality of Prizren:

Albanians 78%
Serbs 5%
others 17%

According to a United Nations estimate in 2003, the city had about 124,000 citizens, most being ethnic Albanians. According to the World Gazetteer, the city only had 131,247 residents in 2010.^[33]

^ ^a ^b ^c Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Serbia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo. The latter declared independence on 17 February 2008, while Serbia claims it as part of its own sovereign territory. Its independence is recognised by 91 UN member states.

References:

^ "Preliminary Results of the Kosovo 2011 population and housing census". The statistical Office of Kosovo. http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/?cid=2,40,208. Retrieved 17 April 2012.
^ THERANDA (Prizren) Yugoslavia, The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, A Roman town about 76 km (47.22 mi) SW of Priština on the Bistrica river in the region of Kosovo and Metohija. It lay on the direct route from Lissos in Macedonia to Naissus in Moesia Superior. The town continued to exist during the 4th to 6th century, but was of far greater significance during the mediaeval period and was even capital of Serbia for a short time during the 14th century.
^ http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Procopius/Buildings/4B*.html
^ DETELIć, Mirjana: Градови у хришћанској и муслиманској епици, Belgrade, 2004, ISBN 86-7179-039-8.
^ http://www.komuna-prizreni.org/repository/docs/PRIZREN-CITY_MUSEUM.pdf^{[dead link]}
^ http://muja-live.piczo.com/vilajetetshqiptare?cr=2&linkvar=000044^{[dead link]}
^ Bizzi, Marino (1610) Relatione della visita fatta da me, Marino Bizzi, Arcivescovo d'Antivari, nelle parti della Turchia, Antivari, Albania et Servia alla santità di nostro Signore papa Paolo V (Report of Marino Bizzi, Archbishop of Bar (Antivari), on his visit to Turkey, Bar, Albania and Serbia in the year 1610) http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1610.html "This city contains 8,600 quite large houses,...Prizren is irrigated by fountains and other sources of flowing water,..."
^ Bizzi, Marino (1610) Relatione della visita fatta da me, Marino Bizzi, Arcivescovo d'Antivari, nelle parti della Turchia, Antivari, Albania et Servia alla santità di nostro Signore papa Paolo V (Report of Marino Bizzi, Archbishop of Bar (Antivari), on his visit to Turkey, Bar, Albania and Serbia in the year 1610) http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts16-18/AH1610.html "In this region of Serbia they speak the Dalmatian language although the province penetrates partially into Albania, which has its own language."
^ "Prizren history". http://www.world66.com/europe/serbia/kosovoprovince/prizren/history.
^ "Prizren history". http://www.inyourpocket.com/kosovo/prizren/Prizren-history_71742f.
^ "Die aktuelle deutsche Unterstützung für die UCK". Trend.infopartisan.net. http://www.trend.infopartisan.net/trd0501/t400501.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ Human Rights Watch, 2001 Under orders: war crimes in Kosovo, page 339. ISBN 1-56432-264-5
^ Human Rights Watch, 2001 Under orders: war crimes in Kosovo, page 338. ISBN 1-56432-264-5
^ Andras Riedlmayer, Harvard University Kosovo Cultural Heritage Survey
^ The Human Rights Centre, Law Faculty, University of Pristina, 2009 Ending Mass Atrocities: Echoes in Southern Cultures, page 3
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "Reconstruction Implementation Commission". Site on protection list. http://www.rickosovo.org/inc/eng/home.html. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
^ Failure to Protect: Anti-Monority Violence in Kosovo , March 2004. Wuman Right Watch. 2004. p. 9. http://books.google.com/books?id=zdeulbfSK-YC&pg=PA9&dq=Serbian+prizren+2004&hl=en&ei=uwMBTc_jDcyZOtbQsNoB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Serbian%20prizren%202004&f=false.
^ Warrander, Gail (2008). Kosovo. Bradt. p. 191. http://books.google.com/books?id=GCRjKdrmqqEC&pg=PA191&dq=Serbian+prizren+2004&hl=en&ei=ugQBTdbiIs7sObSvzaYB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=prizren%202004&f=false.
^ Diplomatic Observer Official Language
^ OSCE Implementation of the Law on the Use of Languages by Kosovo Municipalities
^ "Report of Forum #2, Museum of Kosovo". Government of Kosovo, Ministry of Culture, Youth, and Sports. March 5, 2009. http://www.mkrs-ks.org/?page=2,118,204.
^ Cultural Heritage Without Borders, Workshop “Integrated conservation"; preservation and urban Planning” in Prizren November 2002
^ "Eclectic Prizren: "A city of everyone"". SETimes.com. 2010-10-25. http://www.setimes.com/cocoon/setimes/xhtml/en_GB/features/setimes/articles/2010/10/25/reportage-01. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ "Walkable Map of Pristina – Future Of Pristina – Kosovo – ESI". Esiweb.org. http://www.esiweb.org/misc/walkablemappristina/pristina.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ just a mention of the legend
^ "Kosovo and Metohija". Kosovo.net. http://www.kosovo.net/kosovo3.html. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ "Споменици културе у Србији". Spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs. 1955-05-14. http://spomenicikulture.mi.sanu.ac.rs/spomenik.php?id=336. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
^ -ana aus türk. hane Haus; aufgenommen sind Wörter wie kahve-hane Kaffeehaus, tabehane (tabahana) = tabak-k. Gerberhaus, skr. kaväna, tabakäna;
^ Elsie, Robert (2004). Historical dictionary of Kosova. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.. p. 145. ISBN 0-8108-5309-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=Fnbw1wsacSAC&pg=PA145&dq=sinan+pasha+prizren&hl=en&ei=vU1cTIOTEMT58Ab-yNXkAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=4&ved=0CDwQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=sinan%20pasha%20prizren&f=false.
^ "Cultural Heritage in Kosovo". UNESCO. http://portal.unesco.org/es/files/20059/10826463791Pages_65-77_KOSOVO_report_distilled.pdf/Pages+65-77+KOSOVO_report_distilled.pdf. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Bosnia and herzegovina republika srpska national assembly elections". Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 1997-11-22/23. p. 32. http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1200_en.pdf.html. Retrieved 2008-03-27. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Prizren, Kosovo". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=77431&refer=wikipedia. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
^ World Gazzetteer (2010). "Kosovo: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&geo=-248. Retrieved 6 August 2010.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Prizren

Municipality of Prizren by Republic of Kosovo
Prizren, Serbian capital (Serbian)
University of Prizren (Albanian)
Prizren pictures through time (Albanian)

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Look up prizren in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

v t e Municipalities of Kosovo

Dečani Dragaš Đakovica Đeneral Janković Glogovac Gnjilane Gračanica Istok Junik Kačanik Klina Klokot-Vrbovac Kosovo Polje Kosovska Kamenica Kosovska Mitrovica Leposavić Lipljan Mališevo Mamuša Novo Brdo Obilić Orahovac Parteš Peć Podujevo Pristina Prizren Ranilug Štimlje Srbica Štrpce Suva Reka Uroševac Vitina Vučitrn Zubin Potok Zvečan

Planned Municipality: North Kosovska Mitrovica

Historical capitals of Serbia

641–950 Destinikon
950–1276 Ras

1276–1283 Debrc
1283–1430 Belgrade

1300–1345 Prizren
1345–1371 Serres/Skopje
1371–1389 Priština/Kruševac

1430–1453 Smederevo
1526–1527 Subotica

1818–1841 Kragujevac
1849–1860 Temišvar
1914–1915 Kragujevac
1915 Niš

since 1841 Belgrade

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Contents

History [link]

Ancient [link]

Medieval [link]

Ottoman period [link]

Prizren Vilayet [link]

Kosovo Vilayet [link]

League of Prizren [link]

Young Turk Revolution [link]

Balkan wars [link]

Yugoslav period [link]

Second League of Prizren [link]

Democratic Federal Yugoslavia [link]

Kosovo War [link]

Prizren now [link]

Official languages [link]

Culture [link]

Economy [link]

Climate [link]

Demographics [link]

Sister cities [link]

Notable people from Prizren [link]

See also [link]

Notes and references [link]

External links [link]

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