In a number of countries, plants have been chosen as symbols to represent specific geographic areas. Some countries have a country-wide floral emblem; others in addition have symbols representing subdivisions. Different processes have been used to adopt these symbols – some are conferred by government bodies, whereas others are the result of informal public polls. The term floral emblem, which refers to flowers specifically, is primarily used in Australia and Canada. In the United States, the term state flower is more often used.

Africa[link]

National flower of Ethiopia

The Cairo Tower in Egypt was designed to resemble a lotus flower which is the national flower of Egypt.

Egypt[link]

The Egyptian lotus is the national flower of Egypt.

Ethiopia[link]

• Ethiopia – Calla lily

Lesotho[link]

• Lesotho -

Liberia[link]

• Liberia – Pepper

Mauritius[link]

• Mauritius – Trochetia boutoniana (Boucle d'Oreille)^[1]

Namibia[link]

• Namibia – Welwitschia mirabilis

Nigeria[link]

• Nigeria – Costus spectabilis

South Africa[link]

• South Africa – King protea

Tunisia[link]

• Tunisia – Jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum)

Zimbabwe[link]

• Zimbabwe – Flame lily

Asia[link]

Afghanistan[link]

• Afghanistan – Tulip

Nymphaea nouchali, National flower of Bangladesh

Bangladesh[link]

The national flower and national emblem of Bangladesh is the Shapla (Bengali: শাপলা)] or White Water Lily Nymphaea nouchali)^[2] See also: National Emblem of Bangladesh.

Bhutan[link]

• Bhutan – Blue poppy (Meconopsis grandis)

Brunei[link]

• Brunei – Simpor (Dillenia suffruticosa)^[3]

Cambodia[link]

• Cambodia – Romduol (Mitrella mesnyi^[3]) (Although the term romduol may also refer to Melodorum fruticosum)^[4]

China[link]

Plum blossom or meihua (梅花)

China currently has no official national flower. Traditionally, various regions have different designations where national symbols are concerned.

In 1903, the Qing Dynasty named the peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) the floral emblem of the nation. The peony has long been considered a flower of wealth and honor in China.

The plum blossom meihua (Chinese: 梅花; pinyin: méihuā) has been long held as one of the most beloved flowers in Chinese culture. The Republic of China government named the plum blossom as the national flower in 1964.^[5] The plum blossom is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow.^[5][6][7]

The People's Republic of China, which has controlled mainland China since 1949, has no official floral emblem. There have been several petitions in recent years to officially adopt one. However, the government has not taken any action yet. A poll in 2005 showed that 41% of the public supports peony as the national flower while 36% supported the plum blossom.^[8] Some scholars have suggested that the peony and plum blossoms may be designated as dual national flowers. The orchids and chrysanthemum have also been held as possible floral symbols of China, along with the peony and plum blossoms.

Bauhinia blakeana, the floral emblem of Hong Kong

Hong Kong[link]

The Bauhinia blakeana, a native species discovered in Hong Kong, is the floral emblem of that territory.

It was chosen as the logo of the Urban Council in 1965, and it was later incorporated in the flag and emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China after the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China.

Macau[link]

The flower representing Macau is lotus, a stylised depiction of which can be seen in the territory's flag.

India[link]

The flower of India is also the Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). The reason this flower was chosen is because it signifies that which keeps itself pure even when living in a rough environment.^[9]

Kerala's state floral emblem is Cassia fistula. Tamil Nadu's floral emblem is Glory lily. Water Lily is the state flower of Andhra Pradesh. Bihar's floral emblem is Kachnaar and that of Uttarakhand is Rhododendron.

Indonesia[link]

Jasminum sambac, the national flower of Indonesia and the Philippines

There are three categories of floral emblem that symbolize Indonesia; puspa bangsa (national flower) of Indonesia is Melati (Jasminum sambac), puspa pesona (flower of charm) is Anggrek Bulan (Moon Orchid) (Phalaenopsis amabilis^[3]) and puspa langka (rare flower) is Padma Raksasa Rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii). All three were chosen on World Environment Day in 1990.^[10] and enforced by law through Presidential Decree (Keputusan Presiden) No. 4 1993,^[11] On the other occasion Bunga Bangkai (Titan arum) was also added as puspa langka together with Rafflesia.

Melati (jasminum sambac), a small white flower with sweet fragrance, has long been considered as a sacred flower in Indonesian tradition, as it symbolizes purity, sacredness, graceful simplicity and sincerity. For example, on her wedding day, a traditional Indonesian bride's hair is often adorned with arrangements of jasmine, while the groom's kris is often adorned with a lock of jasmine. However, jasmine is also often used as floral offering for spirits and deities, and also often present during funerals which gave it its mystical and sacred properties. Moon Orchid was chosen for its beauty, while the other two rare flowers, Rafflesia arnoldii and Titan arum were chosen to demonstrate uniqueness and Indonesian rich biodiversity.

Each of the 33 Provinces of Indonesia also have native plants used as floral emblems.

Iran[link]

• Iran – Tulip (depicted on the Flag of Iran)

Iraq[link]

• Iraq – Rose

Israel[link]

The Israeli floral emblem is the Rakefet (Cyclamen; רקפת in Hebrew)

Black iris, national flower of Jordan

Jordan[link]

• Jordan – Black iris (Iris chrysographes)

The chrysanthemum, Imperial Seal of Japan

Japan[link]

Japan's national government has never formally named a "national flower", as with other symbols such as the green pheasant, which was named as national bird (by a non-government body) in 1947, but it wasn't until 1999 that the national flag and national anthem were officially passed into law.

A de facto national flower for Japan for many is the sakura (Cherry blossom), while a stylized picture of a chrysanthemum is used as the official seal of the Japanese Imperial Family.

North Korea[link]

• Magnolia, Nonazhreea makenna Mamariaia

Emblem of South Korea

South Korea[link]

• South Korea – Hibiscus syriacus (Rose of Sharon)

Kuwait[link]

• Kuwait – Rhanterium epapposum

Laos[link]

Laos national flower is the Plumeria (champa),^[3] despite it being no longer endemic.

National flower of Malaysia

Malaysia[link]

The national flower of Malaysia is the Bunga Raya (Chinese Hibiscus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).^[3][12]

The flower of the Eastern Malaysian state of Sarawak is the Phalaenopsis bellina, while that of the state of Kedah is the pokok padi.

Maldives[link]

• Maldives – Fiyaathoshi Finifenmaa, Pink Rose (Rose Polyantha)^[13]

Myanmar[link]

• Myanmar – Pterocarpus indicus (paduak)^[3]

Nepal[link]

• Nepal – Rhododendron

Pakistan[link]

The National symbols of the country constituting the nation-state such as the Poet's Jasmine (National flower of Pakistan) and Rhododendron the (State flower) and the Chinar (State tree) in the Regional state of Jammu and Kashmir (disputed territory), Deodar (National tree of Pakistan), Mango (National fruit of Pakistan),

Unofficial provincial floral emblems of Pakistan[link]

The Provincial floral emblems of Pakistan are the symbols of the four constituting provinces of the nation-state; however they are all unofficial and are not recognised by the new Government of Pakistan.

• Islamabad Capital Territory – Paper Mulberry (unofficial Territorial tree) and the Rose (unofficial Territorial flower)
• Balochistan (Pakistan) – Date palm (unofficial Provincial tree) and Ephedra (genus) (unofficial Provincial flower)
• Khyber Pakhtunkhwa – Juniperus squamata (unofficial Provincial tree) and Morina (unofficial Provincial flower)
• Punjab (Pakistan) – Dalbergia sissoo (unofficial Provincial tree) and Justicia adhatoda (unofficial Provincial flower)
• Sindh – Prosopis cineraria (unofficial Provincial tree) and Water hyacinth (unofficial Provincial flower)

Also See: National Emblem of Pakistan.^[14]

The Philippines[link]

The Philippines adopted the Sampaguita (Arabian jasmine, Jasminum sambac) as its national flower because it symbolises purity and cleanliness due to its colour and sweet odour.^[3]

Singapore[link]

The national flower for Singapore is the orchid Vanda Miss Joaquim.

Sri Lanka[link]

Sri Lanka – Nil Mānel, Water Lily (Nymphaea stellata).^[15][16] Although "Nil" means ‘blue’ in Sinhala, the Sinhalese name of this plant is often rendered as " Water Lily" in English.

This beautiful aquatic flower appears in the Sigiriya frescoes and has been mentioned in Sanskrit, Pali and Sinhala literary works since ancient times under the names "Kuvalaya", "Indhīwara", "Niluppala", "Nilothpala" and "Nilupul" as a symbol of virtue, discipline and purity. Buddhist lore in Sri Lanka claims that this flower was one of the 108 auspicious signs found on Prince Siddhartha's footprint.^[17][18]

Taiwan (Republic of China)[link]

The National Flower was officially designated as the plum blossom by the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China on July 21, 1964.^[5] The plum blossom, known as the meihua (Chinese: 梅花; pinyin: méihuā), is symbol for resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, because plum blossoms often bloom most vibrantly even amidst the harsh winter snow.^[6][7] The triple grouping of stamens represents Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, while the five petals symbolize the five branches of the government.^[5][6]

Thailand[link]

The national flower for Thailand is Golden Shower Tree, locally called dok khuen or Rachapruek^[3]

Vietnam[link]

Lotus – Floral emblem of India, Macau and Vietnam.

• Vietnam – Red Lotus^[3]

Eurasia[link]

Armenia[link]

• Armenia – [National Flower's of Armenia, Althaea Armeniaca, Armenian Basket, Muscari Armeniacum, Armenian Poppy, Armenian Vartig (Vargit Flower), Paphiopedilum Armeniacum, Tulipa Armena ] Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca], Pomegranate and [Rubus Armeniacus], which symbolizes fertility in Armenian belief.

Cyprus[link]

• Cyprus – Cyprus cyclamen

Turkey[link]

• Turkey – Tulip

Russia[link]

• Russia – Chamomile

Europe[link]

Albania[link]

Red poppy

The floral emblem of Albania is the red and black poppy. The poppy can be found everywhere in this Illyrian country, and are recognized for their beauty, medicinal value, and seeds, though they originate from Anatolia.

Austria[link]

• Austria – Alpine gentian (German: Enzian), edelweiss

Belarus[link]

• Belarus – Centaurea (unofficial)

Bosnia and Herzegovina[link]

• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Lilium bosniacum

Bulgaria[link]

• Bulgaria – Rose

Croatia[link]

• Croatia – Iris croatica, Degenia velebitica, Oak, Tilia

Czech Republic[link]

• Czech Republic – Tilia cordata

Denmark[link]

• Denmark – Denmark has no official floral emblem. The daisy won a 1980s private competition about choosing a national flower, but has not been officially adopted. In 1936, the Danish foreign office replied to Argentina inquiring about a Danish national flower, that it would be the red clover due to its significance in agriculture. The letter event is obscure, and was soon forgotten again.^[19] Denmark has never used a floral emblem.

Estonia[link]

• Estonia – cornflower

Faroe Islands[link]

• Faroe Islands – Marsh Marigold

Finland[link]

• Finland – Lily of the valley, white rose

France[link]

The Iris is the national flower of France as represented in Fleur-de-lis emblem, the symbol of French monarchy.

Germany[link]

• Germany – Cornflower, oak

Gibraltar[link]

• Gibraltar – Candytuft (Iberis gibraltarica)

Greece[link]

• Greece – Laurel branch, violets

Hungary[link]

• Hungary – Tulip

Iceland[link]

• Iceland – (Dryas octopetala)^[20]

Ireland[link]

• The shamrock (or trefoil) is widely used as an unofficial symbol for Ireland.

County flowers in Ireland[link]

• Bog-rosemary is the county flower of County Offaly^[21]

Italy[link]

• Italy – Cyclamen, Daisy, Lily

Latvia[link]

• Latvia – oxeye daisy^[22]

Lithuania[link]

• Lithuania – Rue

Macedonia[link]

• Republic of Macedonia – Poppy

Malta[link]

• Malta – Maltese Rock Centaury, Widnet il-Baħar

Monaco[link]

• Monaco – Carnation

Netherlands[link]

• Netherlands – Tulip

Norway[link]

• Norway – Heather–^{[disambiguation needed ]} Saxifraga cotyledon

County Flowers of Norway[link]

• Lily-of-the-valley was chosen as the county flower of Østfold^[23]
• Globe flower is the county flower of Troms^[24]

Poland[link]

• Poland – Corn poppy

Portugal[link]

• Portugal – Lavender, Olive leaves, Cork Oak, Red Carnation, Sunflower and Blue-White Hydrangea

Romania[link]

• Romania – Dog Rose, Edelweiss, Romanian Peony

Serbia[link]

• Serbia – Plum, Syringa, oak

Slovakia[link]

• Slovakia – Tilia cordata

Slovenia[link]

• Slovenia – Carnation^{[citation needed]}, Linden^{[disambiguation needed ]} leaf

Spain[link]

The national flower of Spain is the carnation (clavel).

• Spain – Carnation

The national flower of Spain is considered to be the carnation, in Spanish clavel. Essentially it's associated with Spanish folklore, especially from southern Spain, or Andalusia.

In any case, it's not only related to the more seedy side of Spain, like gipsy's lapels or thrown into the bullringruedos, but it's also associated with Renacentist a symbol of affection between lovers^[25] and especially as a religious symbol related to the Jesus passion that represents the Crown of Thorns (Clavos de Cristo).

It comes from the catalan language word for clove: "clavell" because the carnation also has a nice fragrant aroma, as does this spice.

In Spain and America it symbolizes passion, and it's a very expressive gesture to bite its stem and hold the clavel between one's teeth. In the Spanish language of flowers represents caprice^{[disambiguation needed ]}, passion, wish and desire.

Subnational flowers of Spain[link]

• Catalonia – Weaver's Broom (Spartium junceum)^[26] (Usually along with red poppies)
• Galicia – Gorse flower (Ulex europaeus)^[27]

Sweden[link]

Sweden has no national floral emblem, however, each of the traditional provinces has a province flower.

Province flowers of Sweden[link]

Switzerland[link]

• Switzerland – Edelweiss, alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum), alpine gentian (Gentiana alpina)

Ukraine[link]

• Ukraine – Cherry, Viburnum

United Kingdom[link]

Heraldic floral badges of the United Kingdom.

Each of the four countries of the United Kingdom has a traditional floral emblem. For England this is officially the Tudor rose^[28] or unofficially the red rose and English Oak; in Northern Ireland the flax, orange lily, or shamrock;^{[citation needed]} in Scotland the thistle, Scottish bluebell (harebell) or heather; and in Wales the daffodil, leek or sessile oak.

County flowers in the United Kingdom[link]

A county flower is a flowering plant chosen to symbolise a county. They exist primarily in the United Kingdom, but some counties in other countries also have them.

One or two county flowers have a long history in England – the Red rose of Lancashire dates from the Middle Ages, for instance. However, the county flower concept was only extended to cover the whole United Kingdom in 2002, as a promotional tool by a charity. In that year, the plant conservation charity Plantlife ran a competition to choose county flowers for all counties, to celebrate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.

Plantlife's scheme is loosely based on Britain's historic counties, and so some current local government areas are not represented by a flower, and some of the counties included no longer exist as administrative areas. Flowers were also chosen for thirteen major cities: Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Newcastle upon Tyne, Nottingham and Sheffield. The Isles of Scilly was also treated as a county (distinct from Cornwall) for the purpose of the scheme. The Isle of Man was included, but not the Channel Islands.

A total of 94 flowers was chosen in the competition. 85 of the 109 counties have a unique county flower, but several species were chosen by more than one county. Foxglove or Digitalis purpurea was chosen for four counties – Argyll, Birmingham, Leicestershire and Monmouthshire – more than any other species. The following species were chosen for three counties each:

• Bog Rosemary Andromeda polifolia (Cardiganshire, Kirkcudbright and Tyrone)
• Cowslip Primula veris (Northamptonshire, Surrey and Worcestershire)
• Harebell Campanula rotundifolia (Antrim, Dumfriesshire and Yorkshire)
• Thrift Armeria maritima (Buteshire, Pembrokeshire and the Isles of Scilly)

And the following species were chosen for two counties:

• Grass-of-parnassus Parnassia palustris (Cumberland and Sutherland)
• Pasqueflower Pulsatilla vulgaris (Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire)
• Common Poppy Papaver rhoeas (Essex and Norfolk)

In addition, Sticky Catchfly Lychnis viscaria was chosen for both Edinburgh and Midlothian, the county containing Edinburgh.

For most counties, native species were chosen, but for a small number of counties, non-natives were chosen, mainly archaeophytes. For example Hampshire has a Tudor Rose as it's county flower even though it is not a native species.

North America[link]

Antigua and Barbuda[link]

The national flower of Antigua and Barbuda is Agave karatto, also known as Dagger Log or Batta Log.^[29]

The Bahamas[link]

The national flower of The Bahamas is the Yellow Elder (Tecoma stans).^[30]

Barbados[link]

The national flower of Barbados is the known locally as the Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima).^[31]

Belize[link]

The national flower of Belize is the Black Orchid (Prosthechea cochleata)^[32]

Bermuda[link]

• Bermuda – Strict blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium montanum)

Canada[link]

The maple leaf is widely used as a symbol for Canada. Many Canadian flags and coat of arms have floral emblems on them. The Flag of Montreal has four floral emblems. On the right side of the Flag of Saskatchewan overlapping both green and gold halves is the western red lily, the provincial floral emblem. The Coat of Arms of Port Coquitlam has the City's floral emblem, the azalea displayed on a collar. The Coat of Arms of Prince Edward Island displays Lady's Slippers, the floral emblem of the Island. The Coat of Arms of Nova Scotia has the trailing arbutus or mayflower, the floral emblem of Nova Scotia, added when the arms were reassumed in 1929.

Alberta[link]

• Alberta – Wild Rose^[33]

British Columbia[link]

• British Columbia – Pacific Dogwood

Manitoba[link]

• Manitoba – Prairie Crocus

New Brunswick[link]

• New Brunswick – Purple Violet

Newfoundland and Labrador[link]

• Newfoundland and Labrador – The Pitcher Plant was officially declared as the provincial flower in 1954 but had appeared on the colony's coinage as early as the 1880s. It can be found in the marshlands of the province feeding on insects that fall into its leaves and drown.

Northwest Territories[link]

• Northwest Territories – Mountain Avens

Nova Scotia[link]

• Nova Scotia – Mayflower

Nunavut[link]

• Nunavut – Purple Saxifrage

Ontario[link]

• Ontario – White Trillium

Prince Edward Island[link]

• Prince Edward Island – Pink Lady's Slipper

Quebec[link]

• Quebec – The Blue Flag Iris replaced the Madonna Lily in 1999 since the lily was not native to Quebec.

Saskatchewan[link]

• Saskatchewan – Western Red Lily

Yukon[link]

Floral emblem of Yukon

• Yukon – Fireweed

Costa Rica[link]

• Costa Rica – "Guaria morada", Guarianthe skinneri

Cuba[link]

• Cuba – "Mariposa" "Butterfly", Hedychium coronarium

Dominica[link]

• Dominica – Caribwood or Bois Kwaib (Poitea carinalis)

Dominican Republic[link]

The Dominican Republic's national flower is the Caoba [Swietenia mahagoni] or Mahogany tree flower.

El Salvador[link]

The national flower of El Salvador is Flor de Izote

Guatemala[link]

• Monja Blanca, (White Lycaste skinneri)

Honduras[link]

• Orquídea Brassavola, (Rhyncholaelia)

Jamaica[link]

The national flower of Jamaica is the Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum officinale).^[34]

Mexico[link]

National flower of Mexico

• Mexico – Dahlia

Nicaragua[link]

Nicaragua's national flower is the Sacuanjoche (Plumeria alba), and was declared the country's national flower on August 17, 1971. Its name is derived from Nicarao, the name of the Nahuatl-speaking tribe which inhabited Nicaragua; "xacuan"(sacuan) means beautiful yellow petals and "xochilt"(joche) means flower. The flower can be found in the Masaya Volcano National Park among other places.

Panama[link]

National flower of Panama

Panama's national flower is the Holy Ghost Orchid or La Flor del Espiritu Santo (Peristeria elata). It is best known for its ivory color petals, and beautiful blossoms.

Puerto Rico[link]

• Puerto Rico – Flor de Maga

Saint Kitts and Nevis[link]

• Saint Kitts and Nevis – Red Royal Poinciana

Trinidad and Tobago[link]

• Trinidad and Tobago – Chaconia (Warszewiczia coccinea)

United States[link]

In 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the rose the floral emblem of the United States.^[35] In the United States, state flowers and state trees have been adopted as symbols by state legislatures. (Lewis Mumford once remarked that “Our national flower is the concrete cloverleaf”.)

Oceania[link]

Australia[link]

Golden Wattle, the Floral Emblem of Australia since 1988

The Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha) was officially proclaimed the Floral Emblem of Australia on 1 September 1988.^[36]

State flowers of Australia

• Australian Capital Territory – Royal Bluebell (Wahlenbergia gloriosa)
• New South Wales – New South Wales Waratah (Telopea speciosissima)
• Northern Territory – Sturt's Desert Rose (Gossypium sturtianum)
• Queensland – Cooktown Orchid (Dendrobium phalaenopsis)
• South Australia – Sturt's Desert Pea (Swainsona formosa)
• Tasmania – Tasmanian Blue Gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
• Victoria – Pink (Common) Heath (Epacris impressa)
• Western Australia – Red and Green Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos manglesii)

French Polynesia[link]

Gardenia taitensis (also called Tahitian Gardenia or Tiare Flower); is the national flower of Tahiti, French Polynesia and the Cook Islands.

Fiji[link]

The national flower is "Tagimaucia" (Medinilla waterhousei), a vine with red and white flowers endemic to the highlands of the island of Taveuni.

New Zealand[link]

The "Silver Fern" (foliage) is acknowledged as a national emblem in New Zealand. Other plant emblems are: Koru (a curled fern symbol), Kowhai (Sophora spp., native trees with yellow cascading flowers) and the crimson-flowered Pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) also called New Zealand's Christmas tree.

Tonga[link]

The "Heilala" (Garcinia sessilis), is Tonga's national flower. The name of Tonga's most popular beauty pageant, the Heilala Festival, is taken from this flower. Resorts as well as products are also often named after this flower such as the Heilala Lodge and Heilala Vanilla. The flower is also used in Tonga for medicinal and ornamental purposes.

South America[link]

Argentina[link]

National flower of Argentina, and Uruguay.

The national flower of Argentina is the flower of the ceibo tree, also known as seibo or bucaré (Erythrina crista-galli)^[37]

Bolivia[link]

Bolivian national flowers are Kantuta (Catua buxifolia) and patujú (Heliconia rostrata)

Brazil[link]

The nation flower of Brazil is the Tabebuia alba flower.

Chile[link]

• Chile – Copihue

Copihue, the national flower of Chile

Colombia[link]

Cattleya trianae is the national flower of Colombia and is the Orchid which flowers in May. The May flower was chosen because the colors are the same as those of the Colombian flag.

Ecuador[link]

Ecuador's national flower is the Rose.

Guyana[link]

• Guyana – Victoria regia lily

Peru[link]

The national flower of Peru is the Cantuta (often spelled Kantuta or Qantuta, from Quechua qantu)(cantua buxifolia). It can be found at the high valleys of the Andean territory, in Peru and Bolivia.

Paraguay[link]

• Paraguay – Mburucuyá

Uruguay[link]

• Uruguay – Ceibo

Venezuela[link]

• Venezuela – "Flor de Mayo" (Cattleya mossiae) (orchid)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Plantlife County flowers page
• BBC coverage of the county flowers competition
• Provincial Floral Emblems of Canada
• National Flowers
• List Of National Flowers by Country

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Danny Doyle is a solo Irish folk singer.

Background[link]

Leaving school at fourteen years of age, he started doing odd jobs, including general factotum in Dublin's Pike Theatre, where he began to pick up from the travelling players songs from the Irish countryside.

During the 1960s and 1970s he was one of the top Irish singers, regularly featuring in the Irish charts and scoring three No.1 singles (notably displacing ABBA's "Take a Chance on Me" after just one week at the top).^[1] He has recorded 25 albums, including Emigrant Eyes, a collaboration with his sister Geraldine, a comedienne popular in Australia. He is probably best known for his 1967 Number One hit "Whiskey on a Sunday".

He has appeared in concert throughout the world including Carnegie Hall, New York and the Albert Hall, London.

Although retired from performing, he joined numerous musicians on stage at the end of the 2010 Milwaukee Irish Fest in what is known as the Scattering.

Discography[link]

Selected singles^[2]

• "Step it Out Mary" (IE #4) 1967
• "The Irish Soldier Laddie" (IE #7) 1967
• "Whiskey on a Sunday" (IE #1) 1967
• "The Mucky Kid" (IE #17) 1968
• "The Green Hills of Kerry"
• "A Daisy a Day" (IE #1) 1973
• "Thanks for the Memories" (IE #2) 1974
• "Special Love Song" (IE #11) 1974
• "Somewhere, Somebody's Waiting" (IE #5) 1976
• "The Rare Auld Times" (IE #1) 1978
• "The Rare Auld Times" (re-release) (IE #14) 1979

Albums

• Raised on Songs and Stories
• The Highwayman
• Twenty Years A-Growing
• Collection Vol. 1 (Emerald Encore)
• Collection Vol. 2
• Folkmaster's Ensemble
• Under a Connemara Moon
• Classic Collection
• St. Brendan's Fair Isle
• Emigrant Eyes
• The Wearing of the Green

Books[link]

• The Gold Sun of Freedom (with Terrance Folan)
• Festival Legends, Songs & Stories (John O'Brien Jr.)

References[link]

1. ^ Irish charts - number ones
2. ^ Irish charts - Danny Doyle

External links[link]

• Danny Doyle Home Page: [1]

Eileen Donaghy (16 July 1930 – 26 October 2008) was an Irish traditional singer. Donaghy was well known for her recordings of ballads such as The Oul Lammas Fair and My Lagan Love and was known as the "First Lady of the Moy".

Eileen Donaghy was born Mary Josephine McNally in Brackaville, Coalisland, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. Her family always called her Maisie. She was the second of three children and the elder daughter of Hugh Pat McNally and Brigid (née Corey).^[1]

Donaghy left school at 14 and worked as a darner in Derryvale weaving factory. She was one of a variety group that performed in local halls.^[1]

Donaghy married Tyrone footballer Pat Donaghy. The couple lived for a while in Coalisland, before moving to Pat's home town of Moy. Her big breakthrough was the 1958 Ulster Football Final at Clones where she sang The Boys From the County Armagh to a packed stadium.^[1] She had an instantly recognizable voice, with a clear and cheerful quality, which won her legions of fans around the world in the dozens of LPs and EPs she recorded.

She toured the world as part of the traditional folk scene in the early 1960s and was successful in Ireland, the UK, New Zealand, Australia, the US and Canada. One of her albums, "Let's Sing With The Irish" was issued on Fontona (Philips) Records in the UK and Epic Records in the US simultaneously.

She also recorded an album of rebel songs, during the times of "the troubles" in Northern Ireland. However, to avoid any problems or controversy she recorded this one album under the name of her granny, Brigid Corey. This rebel songs album was reissued on CD by Outlet Recording Company before they went defunct in the 1990s.

Her husband Pat died in 1991. They had nine children.^[1]

Donaghy's recording of My Lagan Love was included in the BBC Programme The One Hundred Best Tunes.

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Irish Times (last modified November 8, 2008). "Obituary". IT Online. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/obituaries/2008/1108/1225925564108.html. Retrieved 2009-02-02. 

External links[link]

• Eileen singing The Flower of Magherally on YouTube

From 1972 to 1982 Sister Mary Emily FC of the Daughters of the Cross religious order, was the Principal of the St. Joseph's College (Karachi), Pakistan. ^[1] St. Joseph's is one of the leading Colleges in the country. In 2007, 1,548 students were studying in the college with a total of 78 teachers.^[2]

The Daughters of the Cross were founded in Belgium 175 years ago and arrived in Pakistan in 1862. The Sisters have been involved with various activities over the years: the founding of schools; work in hospitals, clinics, and social centers for assisting the poor and sick; offering humanitarian assistance, both material and spiritual, to prisoners and those living in refugee camps; family counseling; service to the orphans and children living on the street, through a house that takes care of over 120 children. Today, the congregation has 112 houses all over the world and 850 Sisters carrying out its mission.^[3]

In 2005, when St. Joseph's College was returned to the Catholic Board of Education, Sr Emily was again appointed the principal.^[4]

On the 23 March 2009 the Government of Pakistan awarded Sr. Emily the Sitara-e-Imtiaz which she received from the Governor of Sindh. This was in recognition of her services to education.^[5]

References[link]

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