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Artillery Ground
The Artillery Ground in Finsbury is one of London's most centrally located cricket grounds, situated just off the City Road immediately north of the City of London. It has belonged to the Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) since 1638 and is nowadays surrounded by the Company's headquarters and numerous office buildings.
From 1498, about 11 acres (4.5 ha) of the 23-acre (9.3 ha) Bunhill Fields were set aside for the practice of archery and shooting. Today's 8-acre (3.2 ha) site was given to the Artillery Company on its formation.
It is best known as an historic cricket venue and the home of the original London Cricket Club. For many years before the creation of the Hambledon Club in the 1760s, the Artillery Ground was the featured venue of all London cricket. It eventually fell into disrepute because of uncontrolled gambling and ceased to be used for major cricket, the last known match taking place in 1778 some years after the London Club had disbanded.
In the 18th century sources, the Artillery Ground was said to lie "between Chiswell Street and Bunhill Fields", the latter being a cemetery. It was referred to in contemporary reports as the "old" Artillery Ground, but this may be because it was used frequently for other forms of sport or entertainment.
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Barbados
Coordinates: 13°10′N 59°33′W / 13.167°N 59.55°W / 13.167; -59.55
Barbados (
i/bɑrˈbeɪdɒs/ or /bɑrˈbeɪdoʊs/) is a sovereign island country in the Lesser Antilles. It is 34 kilometres (21 mi) in length and up to 23 kilometres (14 mi) in width, covering an area of 431 square kilometres (166 sq mi). It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about 168 kilometres (104 mi) east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and 400 kilometres (250 mi) north-east of Trinidad and Tobago. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
Barbados was initially visited by the Spanish around the late 1400s to early 1500s and first appears on a Spanish map from 1511. The Spanish explorers may have plundered the island of whatever native peoples resided therein to become slaves. The Portuguese visited in 1536, but they too left it unclaimed, with their only remnants being an introduction of wild hogs for a good supply of meat whenever the island was visited. The first English ship, the Olive Blossom, arrived in Barbados in 1624. They took possession of it in the name of the British king James I. Two years later in 1627 the first permanent settlers arrived from England and it became an English and later British colony.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km2 (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies.
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Brooklyn
Coordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.69278°N 73.99028°W / 40.69278; -73.99028
Brooklyn is the most populous of New York City's five boroughs, with approximately 2.5 million residents, and the second-largest in area. Since 1896, Brooklyn has had the same boundaries as Kings County, which is now the most populous county in New York State and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, after New York County (Manhattan). It is also the westernmost county on Long Island.
Brooklyn was an independent city until it was annexed by New York City in 1898. It continues to maintain a distinct culture. Many Brooklyn neighborhoods are ethnic enclaves where particular ethnic groups and cultures predominate.
Brooklyn's official motto is Eendraght Maeckt Maght. Written in the (early modern spelling of the) Dutch language, it is inspired by the motto of the United Dutch Provinces and translated "Unity makes strength". The motto is displayed on the borough seal and flag, which also feature a young robed woman bearing fasces, a traditional emblem of republicanism. Brooklyn's official colors are blue and gold.
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Calcio Fiorentino
Calcio Fiorentino was an early form of football that originated in 16th century Italy. The Piazza Santa Croce of Florence is the cradle of this sport, that became known as giuoco del calcio fiorentino ("Florentine kick game") or simply calcio ("kick").
The official rules of calcio were published for the first time in 1580 by Giovanni de' Bardi, a Florentine count. Just like Roman harpastum, it was played in teams of 27, using both feet and hands. Goals could be scored by throwing the ball over a designated spot on the perimeter of the field. The playing field is a giant sand pit with a goal running the width of each end. There is a main referee, six linesmen and a field master. Each game is played out for 50 minutes with the winner being the team with the most points or 'cacce'.
Originally, calcio was reserved for rich aristocrats, who played every night between Epiphany and Lent. In the Vatican, even Popes, such as Clement VII, Leo XI and Urban VIII were known to play.
The sport was not played for around two hundred years but then revived in the twentieth century when organized games began again in 1930. Today, three matches are played each year in Piazza Santa Croce, in the 3rd week of June. The modern version allows tactics such as head-butting, punching, elbowing, and choking, but forbids sucker punching and kicks to the head.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (pronounced /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ or /kəˈrɪbiən/) is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north. From the peninsula of Florida on the mainland of the United States, the islands stretch 1,200 miles (1,900 km) southeastward, then 500 miles (800 km) south, then west along the north coast of Venezuela on the South American mainland.
Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate, the region comprises more than 7,000 islands, islets, reefs, and cays. These islands generally form island arcs that delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea.
The Caribbean islands are part of the somewhat larger West Indies grouping, which consists of the Greater Antilles on the north, the Lesser Antilles on the south and east (including the Leeward Antilles), as well as the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands (the Lucayan Archipelago, which does not border the Caribbean Sea). Due to its proximity to the equator, the sun rises from 3am EST to 5am EST.[citation needed]
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Dubai
Dubai (/duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY; Arabic: دبيّ Dubeii; IPA: [du'beii]) is an emirate within the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A city within the emirate is also named Dubai. The emirate is located south east of the Persian Gulf on the Arabian Peninsula and has the largest population with the second-largest land territory by area of all the emirates, after Abu Dhabi. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature. Dubai City is located on the emirate's northern coastline.
The earliest mention of Dubai is in 1095, and the earliest settlement known as Dubai town dates from 1799. Dubai was formally established in 1833 by Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum when he persuaded 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, living in what is now part of Saudi Arabia, to follow him to the Dubai Creek by the Al Abu Falasa clan of Bani Yas. It remained under clan control when the United Kingdom assumed the protection of Dubai in 1892. Its geographical location made it an important trading hub and by the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port.
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Estonia
Estonia
i/ɨsˈtoʊniə/ (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and the Russian Federation (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is closely related to Finnish.
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.29 million, it is one of the least-populous members of the European Union, Eurozone and NATO. Estonia has the highest GDP per person among former Soviet republics. Estonia is listed as a "High-Income Economy" by the World Bank and as an "advanced economy" by the International Monetary Fund; the country is an OECD member. The United Nations lists Estonia as a developed country with a Human Development Index of "Very High". The country is also ranked highly for press freedom, economic freedom, democracy and political freedom and education.
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Guildford
Coordinates: 51°14′12″N 0°34′13″W / 51.236538°N 0.570309°W / 51.236538; -0.570309
Guildfordi/ˈɡɪlfərd/ is the county town of Surrey, England, as well as the seat for the borough of Guildford. It is situated 27 miles (43 km) southwest of London on the A3 trunk road mid-way between the capital and Portsmouth.
The town has Saxon roots, and likely owes its location to the existence of a gap in the North Downs where the River Wey is forded by the Harrow Way. The town grew enough in importance that by 978 it was home to the Royal Mint. With the building of the Wey Navigation and Basingstoke Canal Guildford was in the centre of a network of waterways that aided its prosperity.
The Guildford pub bombing by the Provisional IRA in 1974 killed five people including four off-duty soldiers from the local barracks. The subsequently arrested suspects became known as the Guildford Four.
It is believed that Guildford was founded by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain (which was c.410AD). The site was likely chosen because the Harrow Way (an ancient trackway that continues along Hog's Back) crosses the River Wey at this point, via a ford. This probably gives rise to the second half of Guildford's name. The root of the first part is gold rather than society or meeting place.[citation needed] The Saxon name would have been Gyldeford, meaning golden ford. It has been suggested[by whom?] that the gold may refer to golden flowers by the ford, or the golden sand, but this is not certain. There is an old coaching Inn on the Epsom Road previously called the 'Sanford Arms', which almost certainly derives from 'Sand Ford', so this adds weight to the suggestion that 'Guildford' is a corruption of 'Gold Ford', referring to the very distinctive golden sand showing on the banks of the River Wey where it cuts through the sandy outcrop just south of the town.[citation needed]
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Guyana
Coordinates: 5°00′N 58°45′W / 5°N 58.75°W / 5; -58.75
Guyana (i/ɡaɪˈænə/ gy-AN-ə), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, previously the colony of British Guiana, is a sovereign state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana was a former colony of the Dutch and (for over 200 years) the British. It is the only state of the Commonwealth of Nations on mainland South America, and the only one on that continent where English is an official language.It is one of the few Caribbean countries that is not an island. It is also a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which has its secretariat headquarters in Guyana's capital, Georgetown. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966, and became a republic on 23 February 1970. In 2008 the country joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member.
Historically, the region known as "Guiana" or "Guyana" comprised the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the "Land of many waters". Historical Guyana is made up of three Dutch colonies: Essequibo, Demerara, and Berbice. Modern Guyana is bordered to the east by Suriname, to the south and southwest by Brazil, to the west by Venezuela, and on the north by the Atlantic Ocean.
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Jamaica
Coordinates: 18°10′57″N 77°19′18″W / 18.1823878°N 77.3217773°W / 18.1823878; -77.3217773
Jamaica (i/dʒəˈmeɪkə/), officially the Commonwealth of Jamaica, is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (145 mi) in length, up to 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width, and 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea, about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola, the island harbouring the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno name for the island was Xaymaca, meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs".
Once a Spanish possession known as Santiago, it became an English colony in 1655 under the name "Jamaica". It achieved full independence from Britain on August 6, 1962. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. It remains a Commonwealth realm in concert with the Monarchy of Jamaica holding ultimate executive power, where Queen Elizabeth II is the current head of state and Queen of Jamaica.Kingston is the country's largest city and the capital.
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Liverpool
Liverpool (
/ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Māori: Aotearoa) is an island country located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses ‒ that of the North and South Islands ‒ as well as numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans.
During its long isolation, New Zealand developed a distinctive biodiversity of both animal and plant life. Most notable are the large number of unique bird species, many of which became extinct after the arrival of humans and introduced mammals. With a mild maritime climate, the land was mostly covered in forest. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions caused by the Pacific and Indo-Australian Plates clashing beneath the earth's surface.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (i/ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, or /sriːˈlæŋkə/;Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකාව, Tamil: இலங்கை), is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent in South Asia. Known until 1972 as Ceylon ( /sɨˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/), Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the Maldives.
As a result of its location in the path of major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link between West Asia and South East Asia. It was an important stop on the ancient Silk Road. Sri Lanka has also been a center of the Buddhist religion and culture from ancient times, being the nation where the Buddhist teachings were first written down as well as the oldest continually Buddhist country. Sri Lanka boasts a diverse range of cultures, languages and religions. The Sinhalese people form the majority of the population; Tamils, who are concentrated in the north and east of the island, form the largest ethnic minority. Other communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal Vedda people.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Windward Islands
The Windward Islands are the southern islands of the Lesser Antilles, within the West Indies. They lie south of the Leeward Islands.
The Windward Islands are called such because they were more windward to sailing ships arriving in the New World than the Leeward Islands, given that the prevailing trade winds in the West Indies blow east to west. The trans-Atlantic currents and winds that provided the fastest route across the ocean brought these ships to the rough dividing line between the Windward and Leeward islands. Vessels in the Atlantic slave trade departing from the African Gold Coast and Gulf of Guinea would first encounter the southeasternmost islands of the Lesser Antilles in their west-northwesterly heading to final destinations in the Caribbean and North and Central America. The chain of islands form a part of the easternmost boundary of the Caribbean Sea.
The Antillean Windward Islands from north to south are:
Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago do not consider themselves part of the Windward Islands. In addition, Barbados sits at 59 degrees (outside of 60-62 west definition), and Tobago at 11.9 degrees north (therefore south of the 12-16 degrees north area.)
wn.com/Windward_Islands
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Adam Gilchrist
Adam Craig Gilchrist AM (born 14 November 1971), nicknamed "Gilly" or "Churchy", is an Australian international cricketer who currently captains Kings XI Punjab and recently captained Middlesex. He is an attacking left-handed batsman and record-breaking wicket-keeper, who redefined the role for the Australian national team through his aggressive batting. He is considered to be one of the greatest wicket-keeper-batsmen in the history of the game. He holds the world record for the most dismissals by a wicket keeper in One Day International cricket and the most by an Australian in Test cricket. His strike rate is amongst the highest in the history of both One-day and Test cricket; his century against England at Perth in December 2006 is the second fastest century in all Test cricket. He is the only player to have hit 100 sixes in Test cricket. His 17 Test and 16 ODI centuries are the most by a wicket-keeper. He holds the unique record of scoring at least 50 runs in successive World Cup finals (in 1999, 2003 and 2007) and is one of only three players to have won three titles.
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Brian Lara
Brian Charles Lara, TC, OCC, AM (born 2 May 1969, in Santa Cruz, Trinidad and Tobago) is a former West Indian international cricket player. Lara is generally regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time. He topped the Test batting rankings on several occasions and holds several cricketing records, including the record for the highest individual score in first-class cricket, with 501 not out for Warwickshire against Durham at Edgbaston in 1994, which is the only quintuple hundred in first-class cricket history. The BBC radio commentary on the final day of the innings (6 June 1994), by Dave Roberts, was being broadcast around the world live via the BBC World Service network, and in the UK on BBC Radios 1, 2 & 4 as well as the majority of BBC Local radio stations. That evening, as Lara neared the all-time batting record, a huge surge of fans crowded to enter the grounds.
Lara also holds the record for the highest individual score in a test innings after scoring 400 not out against England at Antigua in 2004. He is the only batsman to have ever scored a hundred, a double century, a triple century, a quadruple century and a quintuple century in first class games over the course of a senior career. Lara also holds the test record of scoring most number of runs in a single over in a Test match, when he scored 28 runs off an over by Robin Peterson of South Africa in 2003.
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Colin Cowdrey
Michael Colin Cowdrey, Baron Cowdrey of Tonbridge, CBE (24 December 1932 – 4 December 2000), better known as Colin Cowdrey, was the Captain of Oxford University, Kent County Cricket Club and the England cricket team in a career that lasted from 1950 to 1976. He was the first cricketer to play in 100 Test matches and held the records for the most runs by a batsman and most catches by a fielder in Test cricket. His 22 Test centuries is an England record shared with Wally Hammond and Geoff Boycott and he toured Australia a record six times between 1954-55 and 1974-75. At Edgbaston in 1957 he added 411 against the West Indies with Peter May, the highest stand for England in Tests. Cowdrey's highest first class score was 307 against South Australia in 1962-63, a record for the MCC and for any tourist in Australia. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1972, a Knight in 1992, a Life Peer by the cricket-loving Prime Minister John Major in 1997 and was posthumously inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame on 24 June 2009. As a batsman he was noted for his classical technique and sweet timing of the ball, the Australian reporter Johnny Moyes writing
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David Underdown
David E. Underdown (19 August 1925 – 26 September 2009) was a historian of 17th-century English politics and culture and Professor Emeritus at Yale University. Born at Wells, Somerset, Underdown was educated at the Blue School and Exeter College, Oxford. His best-known historical works are Revel, Riot, and Rebellion and Fire from Heaven, which won prizes from the North American Conference on British Studies and the New England Historical Association. After retiring from Yale in 1996, Underdown wrote a well-received book about the history of cricket in the Hambledon era, Start of Play.
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Donald Bradman
Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), often referred to as "The Don", was an Australian cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 is often cited as statistically the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport.
The story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore. Bradman's meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years. Before his 22nd birthday, he had set many records for high scoring, some of which still stand, and became Australia's sporting idol at the height of the Great Depression.
During a 20-year playing career, Bradman consistently scored at a level that made him, in the words of former Australia captain Bill Woodfull, "worth three batsmen to Australia". A controversial set of tactics, known as Bodyline, was specifically devised by the England team to curb his scoring. As a captain and administrator, Bradman was committed to attacking, entertaining cricket; he drew spectators in record numbers. He hated the constant adulation, however, and it affected how he dealt with others. The focus of attention on his individual performances strained relationships with some team-mates, administrators and journalists, who thought him aloof and wary. Following an enforced hiatus due to the Second World War, he made a dramatic comeback, captaining an Australian team known as "The Invincibles" on a record-breaking unbeaten tour of England.
wn.com/Donald_Bradman -
Edward I of England
Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
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Edward II of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon,[citation needed] was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. He was the sixth Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II. Between the strong reigns of his father Edward I and son Edward III, the reign of Edward II was considered by some to be disastrous for England, marked by alleged incompetence, political squabbling and military defeats.
Widely rumoured to have been either homosexual or bisexual, Edward also fathered at least five children by two women. His inability to deny even the most grandiose favours to his male favourites (first a Gascon knight named Piers Gaveston, later a young English lord named Hugh Despenser) led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition.
Edward I had pacified Gwynedd and some other parts of Wales and the Scottish lowlands, but never exerted a comprehensive conquest. However, the army of Edward II was devastatingly defeated at Bannockburn, freeing Scotland from English control and allowing Scottish forces to raid unchecked throughout the north of England.
wn.com/Edward_II_of_England -
Fred Lillywhite
Frederick (Fred) Lillywhite (1829–1866) was a sports outfitter and cricketing entrepreneur, who organised the first overseas cricket tour by an English team and published a number of reference works about cricket.
Lillywhite was born in Hove, Sussex on 7 July 1829. He was the third son of (Frederick) William Lillywhite (1792–1854), the Sussex bowler known as the "Nonpareil" ("unrivalled"); younger brother of the batsman and umpire John Lillywhite (1826–74); and cousin of James Lillywhite (1842–1929) who captained England in the first Test match played against Australia in Melbourne in 1877.
Fred and John Lillywhite, as well as their elder brother, James (b.1825), all went into business as sports outfitters. Perhaps because of this multiplicity of Lillywhites, latter day accounts of their non-cricketing activities sometimes conflict as to who did what. What is clear is that Fred was a manager, probably from 1848 to 1855, in the firm of Lillywhite Brothers, a tobacconist and sports outfitter in Islington, then on the outskirts of London.
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Harold Larwood
Harold Larwood (14 November 1904 – 22 July 1995) was an English cricket player, an extremely accurate fast bowler best known for his key role as the implementer of fast leg theory in the infamous "bodyline" Ashes Test series of 1932–33.
In 2009 Larwood was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.
Larwood was born in Nuncargate, Nottinghamshire, to working-class parents. When he was a child, a near-fatal accident prompted his father to make him a primitive bat, and the child took to cricket with great enthusiasm. Leaving school at fourteen to become a labourer in the local coal-mine, he also began to play for the village cricket team, Kirkby Portland.
In 1922, at the age of 18, Larwood was invited to try playing for Nottinghamshire, where he was offered a professional contract and starred with bat and ball.
Larwood was by this stage a fearsome bowler, claimed by many observers to bowl at speeds well in excess of "90 miles per hour" (145 km/h). Frank Tyson recalled that attempts to measure his speed were highly variable, saying that "Larwood, for instance, was measured by high speed photography at between 90 and 130mph". Such speeds would match him with the fastest of modern fast bowlers, Shane Bond, Shoaib Akhtar, Shaun Tait and Brett Lee. Larwood, moreover, was also very accurate. Such a combination made Larwood the most dangerous fast bowler of his time.
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Harry Altham
Harry Surtees Altham, CBE, DSO, MC (30 November 1888 at Camberley, Surrey – 11 March 1965 at Fulwood, Sheffield) was an English cricketer who became an important figure in the game as an administrator, historian and coach. His Wisden obituary described him as "among the best known personalities in the world of cricket". He died of a heart attack just after he had given an address to a cricket society.
Altham was educated at Repton School and Oxford University and served in the British Army during World War I as a Major with the 60th Rifles. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and the Military Cross (MC), and was mentioned in despatches on three occasions. He was a schoolmaster and a cricket coach at Winchester College, a position that he held for thirty years, and was also the housemaster of Chernocke House.
Altham's son, Richard, played in two first-class matches for Oxford University in 1947-1948.
Harry Altham was a right-handed batsman. The Repton side which he captained in 1908 has been described as possibly the strongest school eleven of all time. His first-class career lasted from 1908 to 1923. He played for Surrey from 1908 to 1912 and also for Oxford University, obtaining a Blue in 1911 and 1912. On joining the staff at Winchester College, he moved from Surrey to Hampshire and played for Hampshire from 1919 to 1923. Altham played in 55 first-class matches in all, scoring 1,537 runs at an average of 19.70. He made one century, a score of 141 against Kent at Canterbury in 1921.
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Ireland cricket team
The Ireland cricket team is the cricket team representing all of Ireland. Because of political difficulties, the Irish Cricket Union (ICU) was not elected to the International Cricket Council (ICC) until 1993, and qualified for the World Cup for the first time in 2007. The Irish Cricket Union is the governing body of Irish cricket. The Irish cricket team is made up of both professional cricketers and those who earn their living outside the sport. Cricket Ireland, which succeeded the Irish Cricket Union as the sport's governing body in the country, introduced contracts for its players in 2009, and as of the 2011 Cricket World Cup 13 players have full-time contracts.
The first match played by an Irish team was in 1855. Since then, Ireland have gained a reputation for giant-killing. Ireland played their first One Day International (ODI) in 2006 against England. Since then, they have gone on to play 61 ODIs, resulting in 29 victories, 28 defeats, 3 no results, and 1 tie. Highlights in Ireland's cricketing history include beating a touring West Indies side in 1928, 1969, and again in 2004, progressing to the second round of the 2007 World Cup – in which they beat Pakistan and Bangladesh and tied with Zimbabwe – and beating England in the 2011 World Cup.
wn.com/Ireland_cricket_team -
Jasper Vinall
Jasper Vinall (c. 1590 – 28 August 1624, Horsted Keynes, East Sussex) was the first cricketer known to have been killed while playing the game.
The fatality occurred when Vinall, a fielder, was struck on the head by the batsman who was trying to hit the ball a second time to avoid being caught. Mr Vinall is thus the earliest recorded cricketing fatality. The matter was recorded in a coroner’s court, which returned a verdict of misadventure.
An interesting point arising from the court record is that both Jasper Vinall and the batsman Edward Tye came from West Hoathly, another village, which indicates that games involving teams from different parishes were already being played at this early time in the sport's history.
The tragedy was repeated in 1647 when Henry Brand was killed at Selsey, West Sussex.
When the first known Laws of cricket were coded in the 1744 season, it was illegal to hit the ball twice. It is not known when the measure was introduced.
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John Derrick
John Derrick (born c.1538, probably at Guildford, Surrey; date of death unknown) was a Queen's Coroner for the county of Surrey who, in 1597, made a legal deposition that contains the earliest definite reference to cricket being played anywhere in the world.
Derrick's deposition is preserved in the "Constitution Book" of Guildford. On Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date and thus 1598 by modern reckoning), he bore written testimony as to a parcel of land in the parish of Holy Trinity in Guildford which, originally waste, had been appropriated and enclosed by one John Parvish to serve as a timber yard. This land, said Derrick, he had known for fifty years past and, when "a scholler of the Ffree Schoole of Guildeford" (founded 1509), "hee and diverse of his fellowes did runne and play there at creckett and other plaies".
John Derrick was then aged 59 and his testimony confirms that cricket was being played by children in Surrey c.1550 and it is perhaps significant that cricket is the only one of the "plaies" referred to by name.
wn.com/John_Derrick -
John Major
Sir John Major, KG, CH, PC, ACIB (born 29 March 1943) is a British Conservative politician, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He held the posts of Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher and was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon from 1979 to 2001.
Despite Thatcher's "notorious" assertion that "she expected to continue in control as a backseat driver," Major's mild and consensual style was seen as complete contrast to Thatcher's forceful and confrontational manner. Early in his term, he presided over British participation in the First Gulf War (March 1991) and negotiated "Game, Set and Match for Britain" at the Maastricht Treaty (December 1991). Despite the British economy then being in recession he led the Conservatives to a fourth consecutive election victory, winning the most votes in British electoral history in the 1992 general election, albeit with a much reduced majority in the House of Commons. He is to date, the last Conservative leader to win an outright majority in a general election.
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John Wisden
John Wisden (5 September 1826 – 5 April 1884) was an English cricketer who played 190 first-class cricket matches for three English county cricket teams, Kent, Middlesex and Sussex. He is now best known for launching the eponymous Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 1864, the year after he retired from first-class cricket.
Wisden was born at 24 Crown Street, Brighton, but moved to London after his father William died.[citation needed]
Although of moderate height (5 ft 6 in), Wisden was said to be the best all-rounder of his day. He made his first-class debut for Sussex in 1845 aged 18, weighing only 7 stone. Initially a fast round-arm bowler, his pace slowed in later years. While bowling fast, he took on average nearly 10 wickets in every game. In 1850, playing for the South against the North at Lord's, he took all 10 wickets in the second innings, all clean bowled (still the only instance of all ten wickets being taken "bowled" in any first-class match).
In all, he took 1,109 first-class wickets with a bowling average of 10.32 He was also a fine batsman (4,140 first-class runs with a batting average of 14.12, an average which was very good for the time). He scored only two centuries, the first in 1849 and the second was the only century scored in 1855.
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List of sportspeople
There are a variety of articles listing people of a particular sport.
Notes:
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Muttiah Muralitharan
Muttiah Muralitharan (Tamil: முத்தையா முரளிதரன்; Sinhala: මුත්තයියා මුරලිදරන්) (also spelt as Muralidaran; born 17 April 1972), often referred to as Murali, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who was rated the greatest Test match bowler ever by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack in 2002. He retired from Test cricket in 2010, registering his 800th and final wicket on 22 July 2010 from his final ball in his last Test match.
Muralitharan is the highest wicket-taker in both Test cricket and in One Day Internationals (ODIs). He took the wicket of Gautam Gambhir on 5 February 2009 in Colombo to surpass Wasim Akram's ODI record of 501 wickets. Muralitharan became the highest wicket-taker in Test cricket when he overtook the previous record-holder Shane Warne on 3 December 2007. Muralitharan had previously held the record when he surpassed Courtney Walsh's 519 wickets in 2004, but he suffered a shoulder injury later that year and was then overtaken by Warne.
Averaging over six wickets per Test, Muralitharan was one of the most successful bowlers in the game. Muralitharan held the number one spot in the International Cricket Council’s player rankings for Test bowlers for a record period of 1,711 days spanning 214 Test matches.
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Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 [O.S. 7 September] – 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and committed Tory, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature": James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson.
Johnson was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, and attended Pembroke College, Oxford for just over a year, before his lack of funds forced him to leave. After working as a teacher he moved to London, where he began to write miscellaneous pieces for The Gentleman's Magazine. His early works include the biography The Life of Richard Savage, the poems "London" and "The Vanity of Human Wishes", and the play Irene.
After nine years of work, Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1755; it had a far-reaching effect on Modern English and has been described as "one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship." This work brought Johnson popularity and success. Until the completion of the Oxford English Dictionary 150 years later, Johnson's was viewed as the pre-eminent British dictionary. His later works included essays, an influential annotated edition of William Shakespeare's plays, and the widely read tale Rasselas. In 1763, he befriended James Boswell, with whom he later travelled to Scotland; Johnson described their travels in A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland. Towards the end of his life, he produced the massive and influential Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets, a collection of biographies and evaluations of 17th- and 18th-century poets.
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Timothy J McCann
Timothy J. (Tim) McCann (born 4 June 1944) has been an archivist at the West Sussex Record Office in Chichester since 1967. He has written several books about the history of Sussex including a classic work on cricket: Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century (2004). He previously wrote and edited The Correspondence of the Dukes of Richmond and Newcastle, 1724-1750 (1984), a work about Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, and his close friend Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle.
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W G Grace
William Gilbert ("W.G.") Grace, MRCS, LRCP (18 July 1848 – 23 October 1915) was an English amateur cricketer who is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest players of all time, and who was important in the development of the sport. Universally known as "W.G.", he played first-class cricket for a record-equalling 44 seasons, from 1865 to 1908, during which he captained England, Gloucestershire County Cricket Club, the Gentlemen, MCC, the United South of England Eleven and several other teams. He came from a cricketing family: the appearance in 1880 of W. G. with E. M. Grace, one of his elder brothers, and Fred Grace, his younger brother, was the first time three brothers played together in Test cricket.
Right-handed as both batsman and bowler, Grace dominated the sport during his career. His technical innovations and enormous influence left a lasting legacy. An outstanding all-rounder, he excelled at all the essential skills of batting, bowling and fielding, but it is for his batting that he is most renowned. He is held to have invented modern batsmanship. Usually opening the innings, he was particularly admired for his mastery of all strokes, and his level of expertise was said by contemporary reviewers to be unique. He generally captained the teams he played for at all levels because of his skill and tactical acumen.
wn.com/W_G_Grace
Cricket Filmography
- Rack by Popular Demand (2007)
- Web Chicks Gone Crazy (2005)
- Young Girls in Dark Territory 5 (2004)
- Nuttin' Hunnies (2004)
- Cum Shots 7 (2003)
- Sportf*cking (2003)
- Lower Extremities 4 (2002)
- Ultimate Strap-On Super Slam 10 (2002)
- Cream Facials 10 (2001)
- Little White Chicks Big Black Monster Dicks 10: Monster Pimpin' (2001)
- Sucker's Bet (2001)
- Pop Shots (2001)
- Chillin' with Jake Steed's Freaks Whoes & Flows 11 (2000)
- Las Vegas Revue 2000 (2000)
- Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap 5 (2000)
- Color Blind 9 (2000)
- Nasty Nymphos 29 (2000)
- Only the A-hole #18 (2000)
- Pick-Up Lines 40 (1999)
- Rude Girls 2 (1999)
- Sexual Harassment (1999)
- Black Street Hookers 24 (1999)
- Up Your Ass 13 (1999)
- Butt Banged Hitch-Hiking Whores (1999)
- Couch Tails (1999)
- Down the Hatch 1 (1999)
- Erotic Exotics (1999)
- Gangbang Auditions 3 (1999)
- Gangbang Girl 25 (1999)
- Gangland 4 (1999)
- Backseat Driver 10: Smashes and Gashes (1999)
- Mr. Marcus' Casting Couch 2 (1999)
- North Pole #8 (1999)
- Devil's Blackjack (1999)
Crickets, The Filmography
- The 2012 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony (2012)
- The Crickets: My Love Is Bigger Than a Cadillac (1989)
- The Girls on the Beach (1965)
- Just for Fun (1963)
Cricket Filmography
- Cricket - kinks
- Sooner Or Later - Cricket
- My Demise (dropped D) - Cricket
- Mortlach - Cricket
- Bring Me Back - Cricket
Some people say that life is a game, well if this is so
I'd like to know the rules on which this game of life is based.
I know of no game more fitting than the age old game of cricket
It has honour, it has character and it's British.
Now God laid down the rules of life when he wrote those Ten Commandments
And to cricket those ten same rules shall apply.
Show compassion and self-righteousness and be honest above all
And come to God's call with bat and ball.
Now the Devil has a player and he's called the Demon Bowler,
He's shrewd, he's rude and he's wicked.
He is sent by Sinful Satan and he's out to take your wicket
And you know that that's not cricket.
He'll baffle you with googlies with leg breaks and offspin
But keep a level head and don't let that demon in.
So keep a straight bat at all times, let the Bible be your guide
And you'll get by, yes you'll get by.
All through your life he'll try to bowl you out
Beware the Demon bowler.
He's crafty and deceitful and he'll try to L.B.W.,
And bowl a maiden over.
The Devil takes the weak in spirit and so we must always be courageous
And remember that God is on your side.
So keep old Satan in your sights and play the straight and narrow line
Drowning in a sea of change, will I ever win?
Someones gotta help me, somethings got to give
Will I ever make it all I see is grey
I promise you this time ill try and together we will win.
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Whoa oo
Take away, those feelings we had,
Fill them back up, to the point I can't stand
Rearrange my whole life, just to be hear with you
Have I paid my price?
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Whoa oo, and soon it will come
Reinventing your escape,
Shows us what your made of
Taking someone else's place,
Shows us what you came for
How long till you break,
How far will you go
You're taking me down with you,
I need to let you know
I'll turn the other way,
I would hope you'd do the same
But understand there was nothing for me
This mark is wearing thin you know,
In the certain place and time
Your demise will concur me
And I'll leave this all behind
Is this the bitter end?
Or am I just lying to myself
So build me up and take away,
What know one thought you could
Will you find yourself?
You reach inside and break it off
And take away everything I have
Become now, I feel so connected
But knowledge is the true meaning
Two hundred people, once small voice,
I bet you thought you had a choice,
A choice to live or just let go,
This pain inside you'll never show.
This is my last ending,
In this bible that I keep,
Each line a golden testament
To fallen hopes and dreams,
Each night I lay waking
Eyes burn from what is wrong
To find a new reality
To fight the break of dawn.
This is your ending,
This is your last chapter,
A rising hero,
Is barely equal to
Your one desire,
TO SET THIS WORLD ON FIRE,
A super hero
Let's break these walls around us
Knock them down with the force of 1000 arms
Take a breathe, rolls your eyes, cross your arms, stop and sigh
It's to late, theirs no time, how could that thought cross your mind
Only hearing what you want,
Never knowing if you're wrong or right
Always searching for an answer,
Resuscitate your life, your life
Why can't we all remember?
As if the answer is right in front of your face,
Take my hand, don't look back then maybe you'll understand,
Why can't we just go back to the life that we had
Only hearing what you want,
Never knowing if you're wrong or right
Always searching for an answer,
Resuscitate your life, your life
So bring me back,
Take us home,
Fill that void
That drove you so far from home.
[x3]
Only hearing what you want,
Never knowing if you're wrong or right
Always searching for an answer,
Send this Playlist by SMS
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Cricket's GREATEST FIGHT- RARE FULL FOOTAGE- Javed Miandad vs Dennis Lillee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:59
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Cricket's_GREATEST_FIGHT_RARE_FULL_FOOTAGE_Javed_Miandad_vs_Dennis_Lillee
Best of Brett Lee - retires from international cricket - A TRIBUTE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
The Australian champion bowler BRETT LEE retires from international cricket, a true legend. ENJOY THE COMPILATION! Will continue to play IPL and the Big Bash.
http://wn.com/Best_of_Brett_Lee_retires_from_international_cricket_A_TRIBUTE
The Australian champion bowler BRETT LEE retires from international cricket, a true legend. ENJOY THE COMPILATION! Will continue to play IPL and the Big Bash.
- published: 13 Jul 2012
- views: 184599
- author: robelinda2
The Top 10 Weird Dismissals Of Cricket
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:20
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
In this video I countdown and show you the Top Ten Weirdest Dismissals In International Cricket. CAN WE PLEASE STOP HAVING THESE BASEBALL V. CRICKET POINTLESS FIGHTS? BOTH ARE DIFFERENT SPORTS WITH DIFFERENT RULES. Let it go, they're both awesome. Yyeesss, the video quality is far from brilliant, yes the text colours are horrible and yes I know many of you do not appreciate the music over the commentary. I made it when I was 13 years old. Clearly I had no idea what I was doing. Let's leave it at that. SONGS: 1. Ready, Steady, Go - Paul Oakenfeld 2. I'm On My My - The Proclaimers 3. We Will Rock You - Queen
http://wn.com/The_Top_10_Weird_Dismissals_Of_Cricket
In this video I countdown and show you the Top Ten Weirdest Dismissals In International Cricket. CAN WE PLEASE STOP HAVING THESE BASEBALL V. CRICKET POINTLESS FIGHTS? BOTH ARE DIFFERENT SPORTS WITH DIFFERENT RULES. Let it go, they're both awesome. Yyeesss, the video quality is far from brilliant, yes the text colours are horrible and yes I know many of you do not appreciate the music over the commentary. I made it when I was 13 years old. Clearly I had no idea what I was doing. Let's leave it at that. SONGS: 1. Ready, Steady, Go - Paul Oakenfeld 2. I'm On My My - The Proclaimers 3. We Will Rock You - Queen
- published: 15 Jun 2007
- views: 3748289
- author: Sa900
Cricket Classic - India vs Pakistan Group Match WC 2003 HQ Extended Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 46:18
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Cricket_Classic_India_vs_Pakistan_Group_Match_WC_2003_HQ_Extended_Highlights
Indian cricket teams top ten fight's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
this video about the spirit of indian cricket team.
http://wn.com/Indian_cricket_teams_top_ten_fight's
this video about the spirit of indian cricket team.
- published: 26 May 2011
- views: 3142679
- author: krishanpratap100
Star Cricket T20 - Part 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:31
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_14
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 277
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Best of Cricket
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Want to learn how to play cricket? Well i have just the perfect website for you! cricketsecrets is a website with a very extensive database for cricket related tips and will without a doubt help you become a better player! Link: 7d67djtbwcf8pla9j1b6iydm9s.hop.clickbank.net I've tried to make a video which recaps all three departments of cricket. Now as it was difficult to capture it all in a video of about 4 and a half minutes, I tried to do my best with it. Bowling : 0:07 -- Irfan Pathan 0:11 -- Shabbir Ahmed 0:14 -- Brett Lee 0:17 -- Shane Bond 0:22 -- Chaminda Vaas 0:26 -- Dale Steyn 0:29 -- Stephen Harmison 0:33 -- RP Singh 0:37 -- Mohammad Asif 0:41 -- Jerome Taylor 0:45 -- Glenn McGrath 0:50 --Kyle Mills 0:53 -- Lasith Malinga 0:57 -- Allan Donald 1:01 -- Andrew Flintoff 1:04 - Shanthakumaran Sreesanth 1:07 -- Wasim Akram 1:11 -- Shane Warne 1:15 -- Muttiah Muralitharan 1:18 -- Shahid Afridi 1:21 -- Ashley Giles 1:25 -- Sachin Tendulkar Fielding: 1:36 -- Shahid Afridi/ Shoaib Malik 1:43 -- Tillakaratne Dilshan 1:47 -- Ricky Ponting 1:50 -- Daniel Vettori 1:56 -- Dinesh Karthik 2:00 -- Jamie Dalrymple 2:04 -- Matthew Sinclair 2:12 -- Tamim Iqbal 2:16 -- Paul Collingwood 2:22 -- Paul Collingwood 2:25 -- Yuvraj Singh 2:32 -- Shahid Afridi 2:37 -- AB de Villiers Batting : 3:03 -- Kumar Sangakkara 3:05 -- Michael Hussey 3:11 -- Rahul Dravid 3:17 -- Ricky Ponting 3:23 -- Mohammad Yousuf 3:29 -- Matthew Hayden 3:33 -- Mahela Jayawardene 3:40 -- Shivnarine Chanderpaul 3:43 ...
http://wn.com/Best_of_Cricket
Want to learn how to play cricket? Well i have just the perfect website for you! cricketsecrets is a website with a very extensive database for cricket related tips and will without a doubt help you become a better player! Link: 7d67djtbwcf8pla9j1b6iydm9s.hop.clickbank.net I've tried to make a video which recaps all three departments of cricket. Now as it was difficult to capture it all in a video of about 4 and a half minutes, I tried to do my best with it. Bowling : 0:07 -- Irfan Pathan 0:11 -- Shabbir Ahmed 0:14 -- Brett Lee 0:17 -- Shane Bond 0:22 -- Chaminda Vaas 0:26 -- Dale Steyn 0:29 -- Stephen Harmison 0:33 -- RP Singh 0:37 -- Mohammad Asif 0:41 -- Jerome Taylor 0:45 -- Glenn McGrath 0:50 --Kyle Mills 0:53 -- Lasith Malinga 0:57 -- Allan Donald 1:01 -- Andrew Flintoff 1:04 - Shanthakumaran Sreesanth 1:07 -- Wasim Akram 1:11 -- Shane Warne 1:15 -- Muttiah Muralitharan 1:18 -- Shahid Afridi 1:21 -- Ashley Giles 1:25 -- Sachin Tendulkar Fielding: 1:36 -- Shahid Afridi/ Shoaib Malik 1:43 -- Tillakaratne Dilshan 1:47 -- Ricky Ponting 1:50 -- Daniel Vettori 1:56 -- Dinesh Karthik 2:00 -- Jamie Dalrymple 2:04 -- Matthew Sinclair 2:12 -- Tamim Iqbal 2:16 -- Paul Collingwood 2:22 -- Paul Collingwood 2:25 -- Yuvraj Singh 2:32 -- Shahid Afridi 2:37 -- AB de Villiers Batting : 3:03 -- Kumar Sangakkara 3:05 -- Michael Hussey 3:11 -- Rahul Dravid 3:17 -- Ricky Ponting 3:23 -- Mohammad Yousuf 3:29 -- Matthew Hayden 3:33 -- Mahela Jayawardene 3:40 -- Shivnarine Chanderpaul 3:43 ...
- published: 25 Mar 2008
- views: 981636
- author: Y2ChrisJericho
Star Cricket T20 - Part 20
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:29
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_20
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 799
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:12
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_3
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 1211
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:19
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_2
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 639
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:09
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_4
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 1635
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:16
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_9
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 691
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 5
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:03
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_5
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 609
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:05
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_21
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 405
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:11
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_8
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 381
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Cricket Highlights day2 South Africa Vs Australia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:39
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
In an extra-ordinary day of cricket - Australia have been bundled out for 47 runs in their second innings - one of the lowest Test totals in modern cricket -- on day two of the first Test against the Proteas at Newlands.
http://wn.com/Cricket_Highlights_day2_South_Africa_Vs_Australia
In an extra-ordinary day of cricket - Australia have been bundled out for 47 runs in their second innings - one of the lowest Test totals in modern cricket -- on day two of the first Test against the Proteas at Newlands.
- published: 10 Nov 2011
- views: 375002
- author: sabc
Star Cricket T20 - Part 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:46
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_10
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 265
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Cricket, Incredible catch assist on boundary.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
From the New Zealand domestic HRV Twenty20 competition. This is the most incredible catch I have ever seen. Bevan Small catches the ball in the air while crossing over the boundary rope, before hitting the ground he throws the ball to Michael Mason who takes the catch. More info below. Ok, for those who actually read the full description, here are a few things that people seem to be commenting on. 1. The Northern Districts team wear pink in support of the Breast Cancer Foundation. 2. When Mason & Small high five, it's NOT 6 runs. The catch has already been completed and the ball is now dead.....look up the rules on catching. 3. Sorry all you Sri Lanka fans, this is better than the Angelo Mathews catch, as in this one the catcher has to leap, catch the ball and throw before hitting the ground. In Angelo's catch, he caught the ball, took a couple of steps then threw just as he was crossing over the boundary. 4. For those who don't know the game of cricket and want to know why the 1st guy didn't just take the catch. In cricket, if during the act of catching the ball you make contact with the boundary rope or the ground on the other side of the boundary and the ball is still in contact with you, it is deemed the ball has gone over, which is 6 runs and can't be given out. By throwing the ball back in field before hitting the ground, the fielder has saved 6 runs. As the ball was then caught without having touched the ground or a fielder touching the ground on the other side of ...
http://wn.com/Cricket,_Incredible_catch_assist_on_boundary
From the New Zealand domestic HRV Twenty20 competition. This is the most incredible catch I have ever seen. Bevan Small catches the ball in the air while crossing over the boundary rope, before hitting the ground he throws the ball to Michael Mason who takes the catch. More info below. Ok, for those who actually read the full description, here are a few things that people seem to be commenting on. 1. The Northern Districts team wear pink in support of the Breast Cancer Foundation. 2. When Mason & Small high five, it's NOT 6 runs. The catch has already been completed and the ball is now dead.....look up the rules on catching. 3. Sorry all you Sri Lanka fans, this is better than the Angelo Mathews catch, as in this one the catcher has to leap, catch the ball and throw before hitting the ground. In Angelo's catch, he caught the ball, took a couple of steps then threw just as he was crossing over the boundary. 4. For those who don't know the game of cricket and want to know why the 1st guy didn't just take the catch. In cricket, if during the act of catching the ball you make contact with the boundary rope or the ground on the other side of the boundary and the ball is still in contact with you, it is deemed the ball has gone over, which is 6 runs and can't be given out. By throwing the ball back in field before hitting the ground, the fielder has saved 6 runs. As the ball was then caught without having touched the ground or a fielder touching the ground on the other side of ...
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 1702434
- author: timarulad
Star Cricket T20 - Part 15
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:17
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_15
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 251
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
India vs Sri Lanka T20-20 Highlights Cricket 2009 part1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
First T20-20 match on srilankan ground........pathan brothers from india side did fantastic job....
http://wn.com/India_vs_Sri_Lanka_T20-20_Highlights_Cricket_2009_part1
First T20-20 match on srilankan ground........pathan brothers from india side did fantastic job....
- published: 11 Feb 2009
- views: 1771853
- author: cricfun2008
Star Cricket T20 - Part 6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:20
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_6
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 498
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_16
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 206
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
Star Cricket T20 - Part 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:29
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
http://wn.com/Star_Cricket_T20_Part_7
Star Cricket Program Telecast by RajTV kollywood stars are participate and played.DMK Stalin & Mayor subramani Cheif Guest For star cricket.
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 847
- author: RajVideoVisionTamil
photo: AP / Mohamed Sheikh Nor
12 Jan 2013
Helicopter raid fails to rescue agent 'Denis Allex' from Islamist group al-Shabaab, as French combat pilot killed in Mali. French secret service hostage 'Denis Allex' pictured in Somalia in October 2012. Photograph. SITE Monitoring Service/AFP/Getty Images. A French hostage and two French soldiers have been killed during a failed secret service rescue mission in Somalia ... The group said it had also captured a wounded French commando ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD
14 Jan 2013
Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS2 Gretchen Albrecht
13 Jan 2013
The draft version of the US National Climate Assessment, released on Friday, makes remarkable reading – not just for Americans but for all humanity. Put together by a special panel of more than 240 scientists, the federally commissioned report reveals that the US is already reeling under the impact of global warming ... Nor is there any doubt about the cause of these rising temperatures ... A bitter struggle lies ahead ... Sender's name ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)
photo: AP / Kevin Frayer
14 Jan 2013
Allahabad. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims led by naked, ash-covered holy men streamed into the sacred river Ganges on Monday at the start of the world's biggest religious festival. The Kumbh Mela in the Indian town of Allahabad will see up to 100 million worshippers gather over the next 55 days to take a ritual bath in the holy waters, believed to cleanse sins and bestow blessings ... "I am ecstatic ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 4.2Kb)
photo: AP / NSW Rural Fire Service, Kerry Lawrence
12 Jan 2013
Australian firefighters are continuing to tackle more than 100 bushfires, which have gutted houses and thousands of hectares of land. Officials say temperatures are lower than feared, but gusty winds are making it hard to contain the blazes in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Six people have been treated for heat exposure, but nobody has died ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
The Times of India
15 Jan 2013
cials of the Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) has been put in the loop about the operations of the ACSU and senior police officials have held discussions with the top brass of KCA. The International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) are not ready to take any chance in the wake of increasing reports ......(size: 1.7Kb)
The Australian
15 Jan 2013
SEVEN West Media has signed a new deal with V8 Supercars for its free-to-air broadcast rights for the next two seasons ... Login to read the rest of this article. User Login Username *. Password *. Remember me. Login. Michael Sexton ... 'Cricket Australia is hoping to raise about $100 million a year for the television rights over five years'. CRICKET Australia is hoping to raise about $100 million a year for the television rights over five years ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)
The Times of India
15 Jan 2013
KOCHI. Putting a dampener on those planning to bring food for the one-day match in Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium, Kerala Cricket Association (KCA) officials have said that spectators won't be allowed to take food or water into the stadium ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
15 Jan 2013
Sepp Blatter has criticised Premier League teams for holding back the England team by playing too many foreign players in key positions. Outspoken. Fifa president weighs in on the 'Why England are underachieving' debate' Photo. EPA. By Paul Kelso, Chief Sports Reporter. 11.56PM GMT 14 Jan 2013. Comments ... Related Articles. Silva ... ... View ... Cricket England Fixtures Live Scoreboards Formula One Lewis Hamilton Jenson Button Teams Finance ... ....(size: 10.2Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
15 Jan 2013
Attitudes towards dementia need to change just as they have done towards cancer - but more swiftly, writes Jeremy Hunt. That only 46 per cent of the country's 800,000 dementia sufferers has received a formal diagnosis is 'shocking', says Jeremy Hunt. Photo. Eddie Mulholland for the Telegraph. By Jeremy Hunt, Health Secretary. 12.01AM GMT 15 Jan 2013. Comments ... ... Sport Football Cricket Fantasy Football Culture Motoring Dating ... ....(size: 12.5Kb)
BBC News
14 Jan 2013
An agreement has been signed for a £200m redevelopment of Essex County Cricket Club's ground ... Club treasurer Keith Brown said the agreements were a "landmark" in the history of Essex cricket....(size: 1.1Kb)
Otago Daily Times
14 Jan 2013
Some cricketers never really retire ... He dusted off his bowling boots last year when the New Zealand Cricket Players' Association masters XI played an Otago Country Cricket Association selection team in an exhibition match at Molyneux Park ... O'Connor said with Molyneux Park not on the domestic schedule, it was a way of bringing cricket to the region....(size: 2.1Kb)
IIFL
14 Jan 2013
The second edition of Red Bull College Cricket is nearing its finale with the National Semi-Finals and Finals coming soon to Mysore! After travelling to 12 cities across India, city winners now prepare for the qualifying tournaments scheduled to be held from the 14th to 17th January 2013 at the Gangotri Glades Ground and JSE University Ground in the beautiful city of Mysore....(size: 6.9Kb)
The Times of India
14 Jan 2013
The women's cricket World Cup begins in Mumbai on January 31 but observers are shocked at the lowkey preparations for the event ... Women's cricket may be slow and less attractive compared to the men's game, but such huge disparity has disappointed former women cricketers ... Many Indian women players say the cricket board (BCCI) has done little to promote their game even though it's not a saleable product in the country....(size: 3.1Kb)
The Times of India
14 Jan 2013
The low-key preparation for the upcoming women's cricket World Cup in Mumbai is disappointing ... The dearth of interest in what is a marquee event for women cricketers betrays the game's patriarchal moorings. For women's cricket to break through this glass ceiling, governing bodies of the game ought to do much more in terms of funding and publicity ... Let's face it; men's cricket and women's cricket were created unequal....(size: 3.7Kb)
Independent online (SA)
14 Jan 2013
Cape Town - Almost 13 years after South African cricket captain Hansie Cronjé was exposed as a match-fixer, fellow cricketer Henry Williams has come forward claiming he was pressured by his lawyers to lie under oath ... Cricketer Henry Williams has claimed he was pressured by his lawyers to lie about match-fixing ... In the end, neither cricketer received a cent....(size: 3.5Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
14 Jan 2013
News24
14 Jan 2013
Taylor, one of the leading players in international women's cricket, is set to travel to India later this week as a member of an England squad who will be defending the 50-over World Cup title they won in Australia. The 23-year-old played her school cricket for Sussex-based Brighton College, where former pupils include ex-England women's captain Clare Connor ... Mark is trying to get me a lot of men's cricket which can only help my game....(size: 3.5Kb)
This article is about the sport. For the insect, see Cricket (insect). For other uses, see Cricket (disambiguation).
"Cricketer" redirects here. For other uses, see Cricketer (disambiguation).
 A bowler bowling to a batsman. The paler strip is the cricket pitch. The two sets of three wooden stumps on the pitch are the wickets. The two white lines are the creases. |
|
| Highest governing body | International Cricket Council |
|---|---|
| First played | 16th century (modern) |
| Characteristics | |
| Team members | 11 players per side substitute fielders (only) are permitted in cases of injury or illness |
| Mixed gender | Single |
| Categorization | Team, Bat-and-ball |
| Equipment | Cricket ball, cricket bat, wicket: stumps, bails |
| Venue | Cricket field |
| Olympic | 1900 Summer Olympics only |
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on a field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch and touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings.
In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals.[1]
Cricket was first played in southern England in the 16th century. By the end of the 18th century, it had developed into the national sport of England. The expansion of the British Empire led to cricket being played overseas and by the mid-19th century the first international matches were being held. The ICC, the game's governing body, has ten full members.[2] The game is played particularly in Australasia, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies, Southern Africa and England.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of cricket
Early cricket was at some time or another described as "a club striking a ball (like) the ancient games of club-ball, stool-ball, trap-ball, stob-ball".[3] Cricket can definitely be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England. Written evidence exists of a game known as creag being played by Prince Edward, the son of Edward I (Longshanks), at Newenden, Kent in 1301[4] and there has been speculation, but no evidence, that this was a form of cricket.
A number of other words have been suggested as sources for the term "cricket". In the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598,[5] it is called creckett. Given the strong medieval trade connections between south-east England and the County of Flanders when the latter belonged to the Duchy of Burgundy, the name may have been derived from the Middle Dutch[6] krick(-e), meaning a stick (crook); or the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff.[7] In Old French, the word criquet seems to have meant a kind of club or stick.[8] In Samuel Johnson's Dictionary, he derived cricket from "cryce, Saxon, a stick".[9] Another possible source is the Middle Dutch word krickstoel, meaning a long low stool used for kneeling in church and which resembled the long low wicket with two stumps used in early cricket.[10] According to Heiner Gillmeister, a European language expert of Bonn University, "cricket" derives from the Middle Dutch phrase for hockey, met de (krik ket)sen (i.e., "with the stick chase").[11] Dr Gillmeister believes that not only the name but the sport itself is of Flemish origin.[12]
The earliest definite reference to cricket being played in England (and hence anywhere) is in evidence given at a 1598 court case which mentions that "creckett" was played on common land in Guildford, Surrey, around 1550. The court in Guildford heard on Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date, equating to the year 1598 in the Gregorian calendar) from a 59 year-old coroner, John Derrick, who gave witness that when he was a scholar at the "Free School at Guildford", fifty years earlier, "hee and diverse of his fellows did runne and play [on the common land] at creckett and other plaies."[13][14] It is believed that it was originally a children's game but references around 1610[14] indicate that adults had started playing it and the earliest reference to inter-parish or village cricket occurs soon afterwards. In 1624, a player called Jasper Vinall was killed when he was struck on the head during a match between two parish teams in Sussex.[15]
During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century, it had become an organised activity being played for high stakes and it is believed that the first professionals appeared in the years following the Restoration in 1660. A newspaper report survives of "a great cricket match" with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance.
The game underwent major development in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own "select XIs". Cricket was prominent in London as early as 1707 and large crowds flocked to matches on the Artillery Ground in Finsbury. The single wicket form of the sport attracted huge crowds and wagers to match. Bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick" shape. The Hambledon Club was founded in the 1760s and, for the next 20 years until the formation of MCC and the opening of Lord's Old Ground in 1787, Hambledon was both the game's greatest club and its focal point. MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the Laws of Cricket. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lbw).
The 19th century saw underarm bowling replaced by first roundarm and then overarm bowling. Both developments were controversial. Organisation of the game at county level led to the creation of the county clubs, starting with Sussex CCC in 1839, which ultimately formed the official County Championship in 1890. Meanwhile, the British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In 1844, the first international cricket match took place between the United States and Canada (although neither has ever been ranked as a Test-playing nation).
In 1859, a team of England players went on the first overseas tour (to North America). The first Australian team to tour overseas was a team of Aboriginal stockmen who travelled to England in 1868 to play matches against county teams.[17] In 1862, an English team made the first tour of Australia and in 1876–77, an England team took part in the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia.
W.G. Grace started his long career in 1865; his career is often said to have revolutionised the sport.[18] The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882 and this has remained Test cricket's most famous contest[citation needed]. Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when South Africa played England. The last two decades before the First World War have been called the "Golden Age of cricket". It is a nostalgic name prompted by the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organised competition at county and Test level developed.
The inter-war years were dominated by one player: Australia's Don Bradman, statistically the greatest batsman of all time. It was the determination of the England team to overcome his skill that brought about the infamous Bodyline series in 1932–33, particularly from the accurate short-pitched bowling of Harold Larwood. Test cricket continued to expand during the 20th century with the addition of the West Indies, India, and New Zealand before the Second World War and then Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh in the post-war period. However, South Africa was banned from international cricket from 1970 to 1992 because of its government's apartheid policy.
Cricket entered a new era in 1963 when English counties introduced the limited overs variant. As it was sure to produce a result, limited overs cricket was lucrative and the number of matches increased. The first Limited Overs International was played in 1971. The governing International Cricket Council (ICC) saw its potential and staged the first limited overs Cricket World Cup in 1975. In the 21st century, a new limited overs form, Twenty20, has made an immediate impact.
Rules and game-play[link]
Main article: Laws of cricket
Summary[link]
A cricket match is played between two teams of eleven players each[19][20] on a grassy field, typically 137–150 metres (150–160 yd) in diameter.[21] The Laws of Cricket do not specify the size or shape of the field[22] but it is often oval.
A cricket match is divided into periods called innings. During an innings (innings ends with 's' in both singular and plural form), one team fields and the other bats. The two teams switch between fielding and batting after each innings. All eleven members of the fielding team take the field, but only two members of the batting team (two batsmen) are on the field at any given time.
The key action takes place in the pitch, a rectangular strip in the centre of the field. The two batsmen face each other at opposite ends of the pitch, each behind a line on the pitch known as a crease. The fielding team's eleven members stand outside the pitch, spread out across the field.
Behind each batsman is a target called a wicket. One designated member of the fielding team, called the bowler, is given a ball, and attempts to bowl the ball from one end of the pitch to the wicket behind the batsman on the other side of the pitch. The batsman tries to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket by striking the ball with a bat. If the bowler succeeds in hitting the wicket, or if the ball, after being struck by the batsman, is caught by the fielding team before it touches the ground, the batsman is dismissed. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, to be replaced by another batsman from the batting team.
If the batsman is successful in striking the ball and the ball is not caught before it hits the ground, the two batsmen may then try to score points (runs) for their team by running across the pitch, grounding their bats behind each other's crease. Each crossing and grounding by both batsmen is worth one run. The batsmen may attempt multiple runs or elect not to run at all. By attempting runs, the batsmen risk dismissal, which can happen if the fielding team retrieves the ball and hits a wicket with the ball before either batsman reaches the opposite crease.
If the batsman hits the bowled ball over the field boundary without the ball touching the field, the batting team scores six runs and may not attempt more. If the ball touches the ground and then reaches the boundary, the batting team scores four runs and may not attempt more. When the batsmen have finished attempting their runs, the ball is returned to the bowler to be bowled again. The bowler continues to bowl toward the same wicket, regardless of any switch of the batsmen's positions.[23]
After a bowler has bowled six times (an over), another member of the fielding team is designated as the new bowler. The new bowler bowls to the opposite wicket, and play continues. Fielding team members may bowl multiple times during an innings, but may not bowl two overs in succession.
The innings is complete when 10 of the 11 members of the batting team have been dismissed, one always remaining "not out", or when a set number of overs has been played. The number of innings and the number of overs per innings vary depending on the match.
Objectives[link]
The objective of each team is to score more runs than the other team. In Test cricket, it is necessary to score the most runs and dismiss the opposition twice in order to win the match, which would otherwise be drawn.
Pitch, wickets and creases[link]
See also: Stump (cricket) and Bail (cricket)
At either end of the pitch, 22 yards (20 m) apart, are placed the wickets. These serve as a target for the bowling (aka fielding) side and are defended by the batting side which seeks to accumulate runs. The pitch is 22 yards (20 m) or one chain[24] in length between the wickets and is 10 feet (3.0 m) wide. It is a flat surface and has very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses. The "condition" of the pitch has a significant bearing on the match and team tactics are always determined with the state of the pitch, both current and anticipated, as a deciding factor.
Each wicket consists of three wooden stumps placed in a straight line and surmounted by two wooden crosspieces called bails; the total height of the wicket including bails is 28.5 inches (720 mm) and the combined width of the three stumps is 9 inches (230 mm).
Four lines, known as creases, are painted onto the pitch around the wicket areas to define the batsman's "safe territory" and to determine the limit of the bowler's approach. These are called the "popping" (or batting) crease, the bowling crease and two "return" creases.
The stumps are placed in line on the bowling creases and so these must be 22 yards (20 m) apart. A bowling crease is 8 feet 8 inches (2.64 m) long with the middle stump placed dead centre. The popping crease has the same length, is parallel to the bowling crease and is 4 feet (1.2 m) in front of the wicket. The return creases are perpendicular to the other two; they are adjoined to the ends of the popping crease and are drawn through the ends of the bowling crease to a length of at least 8 feet (2.4 m).
When bowling the ball, the bowler's back foot in his "delivery stride" must land within the two return creases while his front foot must land on or behind the popping crease. If the bowler breaks this rule, the umpire calls "No ball".
The importance of the popping crease to the batsman is that it marks the limit of his safe territory for he can be stumped or run out (see Dismissals below) if the wicket is broken while he is "out of his ground".
Bat and ball[link]
Main articles: Cricket bat and Cricket ball
The essence of the sport is that a bowler delivers the ball from his end of the pitch towards the batsman who, armed with a bat is "on strike" at the other end.
The bat is made of wood (usually White Willow) and has the shape of a blade topped by a cylindrical handle. The blade must not be more than 4.25 inches (108 mm) wide and the total length of the bat not more than 38 inches (970 mm).
The ball is a hard leather-seamed spheroid with a circumference of 9 inches (230 mm). The hardness of the ball, which can be delivered at speeds of more than 90 miles per hour (140 km/h), is a matter for concern and batsmen wear protective clothing including pads (designed to protect the knees and shins), batting gloves for the hands, a helmet for the head and a box inside the trousers (to protect the crotch area). Some batsmen wear additional padding inside their shirts and trousers such as thigh pads, arm pads, rib protectors and shoulder pads.
Umpires and scorers[link]
Main articles: Umpire (cricket) and Scorer
The game on the field is regulated by two umpires, one of whom stands behind the wicket at the bowler's end, the other in a position called "square leg", a position 15–20 metres to the side of the "on strike" batsman. When the bowler delivers the ball, the umpire at the wicket is between the bowler and the non-striker. The umpires confer if there is doubt about playing conditions and can postpone the match by taking the players off the field if necessary, for example rain or deterioration of the light.
Off the field and in televised matches, there is often a third umpire who can make decisions on certain incidents with the aid of video evidence. The third umpire is mandatory under the playing conditions for Test matches and limited overs internationals played between two ICC full members. These matches also have a match referee whose job is to ensure that play is within the Laws of cricket and the spirit of the game.
Off the field, the match details including runs and dismissals are recorded by two official scorers, one representing each team. The scorers are directed by the hand signals of an umpire. For example, the umpire raises a forefinger to signal that the batsman is out (has been dismissed); he raises both arms above his head if the batsman has hit the ball for six runs. The scorers are required by the Laws of cricket to record all runs scored, wickets taken and overs bowled. In practice, they accumulate much additional data such as bowling analyses and run rates.
Innings[link]
The innings (ending with 's' in both singular and plural form) is the term used for the collective performance of the batting side.[25] In theory, all eleven members of the batting side take a turn to bat but, for various reasons, an innings can end before they all do so.
Depending on the type of match being played, each team has one or two innings apiece. The term "innings" is also sometimes used to describe an individual batsman's contribution ("he played a fine innings").
The main aim of the bowler, supported by his fielders, is to dismiss the batsman. A batsman when dismissed is said to be "out" and that means he must leave the field of play and be replaced by the next batsman on his team. When ten batsmen have been dismissed (i.e., are out), then the whole team is dismissed and the innings is over. The last batsman, the one who has not been dismissed, is not allowed to continue alone as there must always be two batsmen "in". This batsman is termed "not out".
An innings can end early for three reasons: because the batting side's captain has chosen to "declare" the innings closed (which is a tactical decision), or because the batting side has achieved its target and won the game, or because the game has ended prematurely due to bad weather or running out of time. In each of these cases the team's innings ends with two "not out" batsmen, unless the innings is declared closed at the fall of a wicket and the next batsman has not joined in the play.
In limited overs cricket, there might be two batsmen still "not out" when the last of the allotted overs has been bowled.
Overs[link]
Main article: Over (cricket)
The bowler bowls the ball in sets of six deliveries (or "balls") and each set of six balls is called an over. This name came about because the umpire calls "Over!" when six balls have been bowled. At this point, another bowler is deployed at the other end, and the fielding side changes ends while the batsmen do not. A bowler cannot bowl two successive overs, although a bowler can bowl unchanged at the same end for several overs. The batsmen do not change ends and so the one who was non-striker is now the striker and vice-versa. The umpires also change positions so that the one who was at square leg now stands behind the wicket at the non-striker's end and vice-versa.
Team structure[link]
A team consists of eleven players. Depending on his or her primary skills, a player may be classified as a specialist batsman or bowler. A well-balanced team usually has five or six specialist batsmen and four or five specialist bowlers. Teams nearly always include a specialist wicket-keeper because of the importance of this fielding position. Each team is headed by a captain who is responsible for making tactical decisions such as determining the batting order, the placement of fielders and the rotation of bowlers.
A player who excels in both batting and bowling is known as an all-rounder. One who excels as a batsman and wicket-keeper is known as a "wicket-keeper/batsman", sometimes regarded as a type of all-rounder. True all-rounders are rare as most players focus on either batting or bowling skills.
Bowling[link]
The bowler reaches his delivery stride by means of a "run-up", although some bowlers with a very slow delivery take no more than a couple of steps before bowling. A fast bowler needs momentum and takes quite a long run-up, running very fast as he does so.
The fastest bowlers can deliver the ball at a speed of over 90 miles per hour (140 km/h) and they sometimes rely on sheer speed to try and defeat the batsman, who is forced to react very quickly. Other fast bowlers rely on a mixture of speed and guile. Some fast bowlers make use of the seam of the ball so that it "curves" or "swings" in flight. This type of delivery can deceive a batsman into mistiming his shot so that the ball touches the edge of the bat and can then be "caught behind" by the wicketkeeper or a slip fielder.
At the other end of the bowling scale is the "spinner" who bowls at a relatively slow pace and relies entirely on guile to deceive the batsman. A spinner will often "buy his wicket" by "tossing one up" (in a slower, higher parabolic path) to lure the batsman into making a poor shot. The batsman has to be very wary of such deliveries as they are often "flighted" or spun so that the ball will not behave quite as he expects and he could be "trapped" into getting himself out.
In between the pacemen and the spinners are the "medium pacers" who rely on persistent accuracy to try and contain the rate of scoring and wear down the batsman's concentration.
All bowlers are classified according to their looks or style. The classifications, as with much cricket terminology, can be very confusing. Hence, a bowler could be classified as LF, meaning he is a left arm fast bowler; or as LBG, meaning he is a right arm spin bowler who bowls deliveries that are called a "leg break" and a "Googly".
During the bowling action the elbow may be held at any angle and may bend further, but may not straighten out. If the elbow straightens illegally then the square-leg umpire may call no-ball: this is known as "throwing" or "chucking", and can be difficult to detect. The current laws allow a bowler to straighten his arm 15 degrees or less.
Fielding[link]
Main articles: Fielding (cricket) and Fielding strategy (cricket)
All eleven players on the fielding side take the field together. One of them is the wicket-keeper aka "keeper" who operates behind the wicket being defended by the batsman on strike. Wicket-keeping is normally a specialist occupation and his primary job is to gather deliveries that the batsman does not hit, so that the batsmen cannot run byes. He wears special gloves (he is the only fielder allowed to do so), a box over the groin, and pads to cover his lower legs. Owing to his position directly behind the striker, the wicket-keeper has a good chance of getting a batsman out caught off a fine edge from the bat. He is the only player who can get a batsman out stumped.
Apart from the one currently bowling, the other nine fielders are tactically deployed by the team captain in chosen positions around the field. These positions are not fixed but they are known by specific and sometimes colourful names such as "slip", "third man", "silly mid on" and "long leg". There are always many unprotected areas.
The captain is the most important member of the fielding side as he determines all the tactics including who should bowl (and how); and he is responsible for "setting the field", though usually in consultation with the bowler.
In all forms of cricket, if a fielder gets injured or becomes ill during a match, a substitute is allowed to field instead of him. The substitute cannot bowl, act as a captain or keep wicket. The substitute leaves the field when the injured player is fit to return.
Batting[link]
Main articles: batsman and batting (cricket)
At any one time, there are two batsmen in the playing area. One takes station at the striker's end to defend the wicket as above and to score runs if possible. His partner, the non-striker, is at the end where the bowler is operating.
Batsmen come in to bat in a batting order, decided by the team captain. The first two batsmen – the "openers" – usually face the hostile bowling from fresh fast bowlers with a new ball. The top batting positions are usually given to the most competent batsmen in the team, and the non-batsmen typically bat last. The pre-announced batting order is not mandatory and when a wicket falls any player who has not yet batted may be sent in next.
If a batsman "retires" (usually due to injury) and cannot return, he is actually "not out" and his retirement does not count as a dismissal, though in effect he has been dismissed because his innings is over. Substitute batsmen are not allowed.
A skilled batsman can use a wide array of "shots" or "strokes" in both defensive and attacking mode. The idea is to hit the ball to best effect with the flat surface of the bat's blade. If the ball touches the side of the bat it is called an "edge". Batsmen do not always seek to hit the ball as hard as possible, and a good player can score runs just by making a deft stroke with a turn of the wrists or by simply "blocking" the ball but directing it away from fielders so that he has time to take a run.
There is a wide variety of shots played in cricket. The batsman's repertoire includes strokes named according to the style of swing and the direction aimed: e.g., "cut", "drive", "hook", "pull".
Note that a batsman does not have to play a shot and can "leave" the ball to go through to the wicketkeeper, providing he thinks it will not hit his wicket. Equally, he does not have to attempt a run when he hits the ball with his bat. He can deliberately use his leg to block the ball and thereby "pad it away" but this is risky because of the leg before wicket rule.
In the event of an injured batsman being fit to bat but not to run, the umpires and the fielding captain may allow another member of the batting side to be a runner. The runner's only task is to run between the wickets instead of the injured batsman. The runner is required to wear and carry exactly the same equipment as the incapacitated batsman. It is possible for both batsmen to have runners.
Runs[link]
Main article: Run (cricket)
The primary concern of the batsman on strike (i.e., the "striker") is to prevent the ball hitting the wicket and secondarily to score runs by hitting the ball with his bat so that he and his partner have time to run from one end of the pitch to the other before the fielding side can return the ball. To register a run, both runners must touch the ground behind the crease with either their bats or their bodies (the batsmen carry their bats as they run). Each completed run increments the score.
More than one run can be scored from a single hit; but, while hits worth one to three runs are common, the size of the field is such that it is usually difficult to run four or more. To compensate for this, hits that reach the boundary of the field are automatically awarded four runs if the ball touches the ground en route to the boundary or six runs if the ball clears the boundary on the full. The batsmen do not need to run if the ball reaches or crosses the boundary.
Hits for five are unusual and generally rely on the help of "overthrows" by a fielder returning the ball. If an odd number of runs is scored by the striker, the two batsmen have changed ends, and the one who was non-striker is now the striker. Only the striker can score individual runs, but all runs are added to the team's total.
The decision to attempt a run is ideally made by the batsman who has the better view of the ball's progress, and this is communicated by calling: "yes", "no" and "wait" are often heard.
Running is a calculated risk because if a fielder breaks the wicket with the ball while the nearest batsman is out of his ground (i.e., he does not have part of his body or bat in contact with the ground behind the popping crease), the batsman is run out.
A team's score is reported in terms of the number of runs scored and the number of batsmen that have been dismissed. For example, if five batsmen are out and the team has scored 224 runs, they are said to have scored 224 for the loss of 5 wickets (commonly shortened to "224 for five" and written 224/5 or, in Australia, "five for 224" and 5/224).
Extras[link]
Main article: Extra (cricket)
Additional runs can be gained by the batting team as extras (called "sundries" in Australia) due to errors made by the fielding side. This is achieved in four ways:
- No ball: a penalty of one extra that is conceded by the bowler if he breaks the rules of bowling either by (a) using an inappropriate arm action; (b) overstepping the popping crease; (c) having a foot outside the return crease. In addition, the bowler has to re-bowl the ball. In limited overs matches, a no ball is called if the bowling team's field setting fails to comply with the restrictions. In shorter formats of the game (20–20, ODI) the free hit rule has been introduced. The ball following a front foot no-ball will be a free-hit for the batsman, whereby he is safe from losing his wicket except for being run-out.
- Wide: a penalty of one extra that is conceded by the bowler if he bowls so that the ball is out of the batsman's reach; as with a no ball, a wide must be re-bowled.
- Bye: extra(s) awarded if the batsman misses the ball and it goes past the wicketkeeper to give the batsmen time to run in the conventional way (note that one mark of a good wicketkeeper is one who restricts the tally of byes to a minimum).
- Leg bye: extra(s) awarded if the ball hits the batsman's body, but not his bat, while attempting a legitimate shot, and it goes away from the fielders to give the batsmen time to run in the conventional way.
When the bowler has bowled a no ball or a wide, his team incurs an additional penalty because that ball (i.e., delivery) has to be bowled again and hence the batting side has the opportunity to score more runs from this extra ball. The batsmen have to run (i.e., unless the ball goes to the boundary for four) to claim byes and leg byes but these only count towards the team total, not to the striker's individual total for which runs must be scored off the bat.
Dismissals (outs)[link]
Main article: Dismissal (cricket)
There are ten ways in which a batsman can be dismissed; five relatively common and five extremely rare. The common forms of dismissal are "bowled", "caught", "leg before wicket" (lbw), "run out", and "stumped". Less common methods are "hit wicket", "hit the ball twice", "obstructed the field", "handled the ball" and "timed out" – these are almost unknown in the professional game.
Before the umpire will award a dismissal and declare the batsman to be out, a member of the fielding side (generally the bowler) must "appeal". This is invariably done by asking (or shouting) "how's that?" – normally reduced to howzat? If the umpire agrees with the appeal, he will raise a forefinger and say "Out!". Otherwise he will shake his head and say "Not out". Appeals are particularly loud when the circumstances of the claimed dismissal are unclear, as is always the case with lbw and often with run outs and stumpings.
- Bowled: the bowler has hit the wicket with the delivery and the wicket has "broken" with at least one bail being dislodged (note that if the ball hits the wicket without dislodging a bail it is not out).[26]
- Caught: the batsman has hit the ball with his bat, or with his hand which was holding the bat, and the ball has been caught before it has touched the ground by a member of the fielding side.[27]
- Leg before wicket (lbw): the ball has hit the batsman's body (including his clothing, pads etc. but not the bat, or a hand holding the bat) when it would have gone on to hit the stumps. This rule exists mainly to prevent the batsman from guarding his wicket with his legs instead of the bat. To be given out lbw, the ball must not bounce outside leg stump or, if the batsman made a genuine attempt to play the ball, outside off stump.[28]
- Run out: a member of the fielding side has broken or "put down" the wicket with the ball while the nearest batsman was out of his ground; this usually occurs by means of an accurate throw to the wicket while the batsmen are attempting a run, although a batsman can be given out Run out even when he is not attempting a run; he merely needs to be out of his ground.[29]
- Stumped is similar except that it is done by the wicketkeeper after the batsman has missed the bowled ball and has stepped out of his ground, and is not attempting a run.[30]
- Hit wicket: a batsman is out hit wicket if he dislodges one or both bails with his bat, person, clothing or equipment in the act of receiving a ball, or in setting off for a run having just received a ball.[31]
- Hit the ball twice is very unusual and was introduced as a safety measure to counter dangerous play and protect the fielders. The batsman may legally play the ball a second time only to stop the ball hitting the wicket after he has already played it.[32]
- Obstructing the field: another unusual dismissal which tends to involve a batsman deliberately getting in the way of a fielder.[33]
- Handled the ball: a batsman must not deliberately touch the ball with his hand, for example to protect his wicket. Note that the batsman's hand or glove counts as part of the bat while the hand is holding the bat, so batsmen are frequently caught off their gloves (i.e. the ball hits, and is deflected by, the glove and can then be caught).[34]
- Timed out usually means that the next batsman did not arrive at the wicket within three minutes of the previous one being dismissed.[35]
In the vast majority of cases, it is the striker who is out when a dismissal occurs. If the non-striker is dismissed it is usually by being run out, but he could also be dismissed for obstructing the field, handling the ball or being timed out.
A batsman may leave the field without being dismissed. If injured or taken ill the batsman may temporarily retire, and be replaced by the next batsman. This is recorded as retired hurt or retired ill. The retiring batsman is not out, and may resume the innings later. An unimpaired batsman may retire, and this is treated as being dismissed retired out; no player is credited with the dismissal. Batsmen cannot be out bowled, caught, leg before wicket, stumped or hit wicket off a no ball. They cannot be out bowled, caught, leg before wicket, or hit the ball twice off a wide. Some of these modes of dismissal can occur without the bowler bowling a delivery. The batsman who is not on strike may be run out by the bowler if he leaves his crease before the bowler bowls, and a batsman can be out obstructing the field or retired out at any time. Timed out is, by its nature, a dismissal without a delivery. With all other modes of dismissal, only one batsman can be dismissed per ball bowled.
Innings closed[link]
Main article: End of an innings (cricket)
An innings is closed when:
- Ten of the eleven batsmen are out (have been dismissed); in this case, the team is said to be "all out"
- The team has only one batsman left who can bat, one or more of the remaining players being unavailable owing to injury, illness or absence; again, the team is said to be "all out"
- The team batting last reaches the score required to win the match
- The predetermined number of overs has been bowled (in a one-day match only, commonly 50 overs; or 20 in Twenty20)
- A captain declares his team's innings closed while at least two of his batsmen are not out (this does not apply in one-day limited over matches)
Results[link]
Main article: Result (cricket)
If the team that bats last is all out having scored fewer runs than their opponents, the team is said to have "lost by n runs" (where n is the difference between the number of runs scored by the teams). If the team that bats last scores enough runs to win, it is said to have "won by n wickets", where n is the number of wickets left to fall. For instance a team that passes its opponents' score having only lost six wickets would have won "by four wickets".
In a two-innings-a-side match, one team's combined first and second innings total may be less than the other side's first innings total. The team with the greater score is then said to have won by an innings and n runs, and does not need to bat again: n is the difference between the two teams' aggregate scores.
If the team batting last is all out, and both sides have scored the same number of runs, then the match is a tie; this result is quite rare in matches of two innings a side. In the traditional form of the game, if the time allotted for the match expires before either side can win, then the game is declared a draw.
If the match has only a single innings per side, then a maximum number of deliveries for each innings is often imposed. Such a match is called a "limited overs" or "one-day" match, and the side scoring more runs wins regardless of the number of wickets lost, so that a draw cannot occur. If this kind of match is temporarily interrupted by bad weather, then a complex mathematical formula, known as the Duckworth-Lewis method after its developers, is often used to recalculate a new target score. A one-day match can also be declared a "no-result" if fewer than a previously agreed number of overs have been bowled by either team, in circumstances that make normal resumption of play impossible; for example, wet weather.
Distinctive elements[link]
Individual focus[link]
For a team sport, cricket places individual players under unusual scrutiny and pressure. Bowler, Batsman, and fielder all act essentially independent of each other. While team managements can signal bowler or batsman to pursue certain tactics, the execution of the play itself is a series of solitary acts. Cricket is more similar to baseball than many other team sports in this regard: while the individual focus in cricket is slightly mitigated by the importance of the batting partnership and the practicalities of running, it is enhanced by the fact that a batsman may occupy the wicket for a long time.
Spirit of the Game[link]
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This section requires expansion. |
Cricket is a unique game where in addition to the laws, the players have to abide by the "Spirit of the Game".[36] The standard of sportsmanship has historically been considered so high that the phrase "it's just not cricket" was coined in the 19th century to describe unfair or underhanded behaviour in any walk of life. In the last few decades though, cricket has become increasingly fast-paced and competitive, increasing the use of appealing and sledging, although players are still expected to abide by the umpires' rulings without argument, and for the most part they do. Beginning in 2001, the MCC has held an annual lecture named after Colin Cowdrey on the spirit of the game.[37] Even in the modern game fielders are known to signal to the umpire that a boundary was hit, despite what could have been considered a spectacular save (though they might be found out by the TV replays anyway). In addition to this, some batsmen have been known to "walk" when they think they are out even if the umpire does not declare them out. This is a high level of sportsmanship, as a batsman can easily take advantage of incorrect umpiring decisions.
Influence of weather[link]
Cricket is a sport played predominantly in the drier periods of the year. But, even so, the weather is a major factor in all cricket matches.
A scheduled game of cricket cannot be played in wet weather. Dampness affects the bounce of the ball on the wicket and is a risk to all players involved in the game. Many grounds have facilities to cover the cricket pitch (or the wicket). Covers can be in the form of sheets being laid over the wicket to elevated covers on wheels (using the same concept as an umbrella) to even hover covers which form an airtight seal around the wicket. However, most grounds do not have the facilities to cover the outfield. This means that in the event of heavy bouts of bad weather, games may be cancelled, abandoned or suspended due to an unsafe outfield.
Another factor in cricket is the amount of light available. At grounds without floodlights (or in game formats which disallow the use of floodlights), umpires can stop play in the event of bad light as it becomes too difficult for the batsmen to be able to see the ball coming at them, (and in extreme cases, members of the fielding team).
On the other hand, in instances of good light, batsmen can utilise sight-screens which enable batsmen to have a white background against which they can pick out the red ball (or black background for white ball) with greater ease.
The umpires always have the final decision on weather related issues.
Uniqueness of each field[link]
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This section requires expansion. |
Unlike those of most sports, cricket playing fields can vary significantly in size and shape. While the dimensions of the pitch and infield are specifically regulated, the Laws of Cricket do not specify the size or shape of the field.[22] The field boundaries are sometimes painted and sometimes marked by a rope. Pitch and outfield variations can have a significant effect on how balls behave and are fielded as well as on batting. Pitches vary in consistency, and thus in the amount of bounce, spin, and seam movement available to the bowler. Hard pitches are usually good to bat on because of high but even bounce. Dry pitches tend to deteriorate for batting as cracks often appear, and when this happens to the pitch, spinners can play a major role. Damp pitches, or pitches covered in grass (termed "green" pitches), allow good fast bowlers to extract extra bounce. Such pitches tend to offer help to fast bowlers throughout the match, but become better for batting as the game goes on. While players of other outdoor sports deal with similar variations of field surface and stadium covering, the size and shape of their fields are much more standardised. Other local factors, such as altitude and climate, can also significantly affect play. These physical variations create a distinctive set of playing conditions at each ground. A given ground may acquire a reputation as batsman friendly or bowler friendly if one or the other discipline notably benefits from its unique mix of elements. The absence of a standardised field affects not only how particular games play out, but the nature of team makeup and players' statistical records.
Types of matches[link]
Cricket is a multi-faceted sport which, in very broad terms, can be divided into major cricket and minor cricket based on playing standards. A more pertinent division, particularly in terms of major cricket, is between matches in which the teams have two innings apiece and those in which they have a single innings each. The former, known as first-class cricket, has a duration of three to five days (there have been examples of "timeless" matches too); the latter, known as limited overs cricket because each team bowls a limit of typically 50 or 20 overs, has a planned duration of one day only (a match can be extended if necessary due to bad weather, etc.).
Typically, two-innings matches have at least six hours of playing time each day. Limited overs matches often last six hours or more. There are usually formal intervals on each day for lunch and tea with brief informal breaks for drinks. There is also a short interval between innings. Historically, a form of cricket known as single wicket had been extremely successful and many of these contests in the 18th and 19th centuries qualify as major cricket matches. In this form, although each team may have from one to six players, there is only one batsman at a time and he must face every delivery bowled while his innings lasts. Single wicket has rarely been played since limited overs cricket began.
Test cricket[link]
Main article: Test cricket
Test cricket is the highest standard of first-class cricket. A Test match is an international fixture between teams representing those countries that are Full Members of the ICC.
Although the term "Test match" was not coined until much later, Test cricket is deemed to have begun with two matches between Australia and England in the 1876–77 Australian season. Subsequently, eight other national teams have achieved Test status: South Africa (1889), West Indies (1928), New Zealand (1929), India (1932), Pakistan (1952), Sri Lanka (1982), Zimbabwe (1992) and Bangladesh (2000). Zimbabwe suspended its Test status in 2006 due to its inability to compete against other Test teams,[38] and returned in 2011.[39]
Welsh players are eligible to play for England, which is in effect an England and Wales team. The West Indies team comprises players from numerous states in the Caribbean, notably Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, the Leeward Islands and the Windward Islands.
Test matches between two teams are usually played in a group of matches called a "series". Matches last up to five days and a series normally consists of three to five matches. Test matches that are not finished within the allotted time are drawn. In the case of Test and first-class cricket: the possibility of a draw often encourages a team that is batting last and well behind to bat defensively, giving up any faint chance at a win to avoid a loss.[40]
Since 1882, most Test series between England and Australia have been played for a trophy known as The Ashes. Some other bilateral series have individual trophies too: for example, the Wisden Trophy is contested by England and West Indies; the Frank Worrell Trophy by Australia and West Indies and the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between India and Australia.
Limited overs[link]
Main article: Limited overs cricket
See also: One Day International and Twenty20
Standard limited overs cricket was introduced in England in the 1963 season in the form of a knockout cup contested by the first-class county clubs. In 1969, a national league competition was established. The concept was gradually introduced to the other major cricket countries and the first limited overs international was played in 1971. In 1975, the first Cricket World Cup took place in England. Limited overs cricket has seen various innovations including the use of multi-coloured kit and floodlit matches using a white ball.
A "one day match", named so because each match is scheduled for completion in a single day, is the common form of limited overs cricket played on an international level. In practice, matches sometimes continue on a second day if they have been interrupted or postponed by bad weather. The main objective of a limited overs match is to produce a definite result and so a conventional draw is not possible, but matches can be undecided if the scores are tied or if bad weather prevents a result. Each team plays one innings only and faces a limited number of overs, usually a maximum of 50. The Cricket World Cup is held in one day format and the last World Cup in 2011 was won by the co-hosts, India. The next World Cup will hosted by Australia and New Zealand in 2015.
Twenty20 is a new variant of limited overs itself with the purpose being to complete the match within about three hours, usually in an evening session. The original idea, when the concept was introduced in England in 2003, was to provide workers with an evening entertainment. It was commercially successful and has been adopted internationally. The inaugural Twenty20 World Championship was held in 2007 and won by India. 2009's Twenty20 World Championship was staged in England and won by Pakistan. The next Twenty20 World Championship will be held in the West Indies. After the inaugural ICC World Twenty20 many domestic Twenty20 leagues were born. First of them was Indian Cricket League which is a rebel league since it is unauthorised by BCCI and led to form an official league called the Indian Premier League. Both these leagues are cash rich and attracted players and audience around the globe. Recently Twenty20 Champions League was formed as a tournament for domestic clubs of various countries.
National championships[link]
Main article: First-class cricket
File:Yorkshire-CCC-1895.jpg
Yorkshire County Cricket Club in 1895. The team won the first of its 30 County Championship titles in 1893.
First-class cricket includes Test cricket but the term is generally used to refer to the highest level of domestic cricket in those countries with full ICC membership, although there are exceptions to this. First-class cricket in England is played for the most part by the 18 county clubs which contest the County Championship. The concept of a champion county has existed since the 18th century but the official competition was not established until 1890. The most successful club has been Yorkshire County Cricket Club with 30 official titles.
Australia established its national first-class championship in 1892–93 when the Sheffield Shield was introduced. In Australia, the first-class teams represent the various states. New South Wales has won the maximum number of titles with 45 to 2008.
National championship trophies to be established elsewhere included the Ranji Trophy (India), Plunket Shield (New Zealand), Currie Cup (South Africa) and Shell Shield (West Indies). Some of these competitions have been updated and renamed in recent years.
Domestic limited overs competitions began with England's Gillette Cup knockout in 1963. Countries usually stage seasonal limited overs competitions in both knockout and league format. In recent years, national Twenty20 competitions have been introduced, usually in knockout form though some incorporate mini-leagues.
Other types of matches[link]
Main article: Forms of cricket
There are numerous variations of the sport played throughout the world that include indoor cricket, French cricket, beach cricket, Kwik cricket and all sorts of card games and board games that have been inspired by cricket. In these variants, the rules are often changed to make the game playable with limited resources or to render it more convenient and enjoyable for the participants.
Indoor cricket is played in a netted, indoor arena, and is quite formal but many of the outdoor variants are very informal.
Families and teenagers play backyard cricket in suburban yards or driveways, and the cities of India and Pakistan play host to countless games of "Gully Cricket" or "tapeball" in their long narrow streets. Sometimes the rules are improvised: e.g. it may be agreed that fielders can catch the ball with one hand after one bounce and claim a wicket; or if only a few people are available then everyone may field while the players take it in turns to bat and bowl. Tennis balls and homemade bats are often used, and a variety of objects may serve as wickets: for example, the batter's legs as in French cricket, which did not in fact originate in France, and is usually played by small children.
In Kwik cricket, the bowler does not have to wait for the batsman to be ready before a delivery, leading to a faster, more exhausting game designed to appeal to children, which is often used PE lessons at English schools. Another modification to increase the pace of the game is the "Tip and Run", "Tipity" Run, "Tipsy Run" or "Tippy-Go" rule, in which the batter must run when the ball touches the bat, even if it the contact is unintentional or minor. This rule, seen only in impromptu games, speeds the match up by removing the batsman's right to block the ball.
In Samoa a form of cricket called Kilikiti is played in which hockey stick-shaped bats are used. In original English cricket, the hockey stick shape was replaced by the modern straight bat in the 1760s after bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it. In Estonia, teams gather over the winter for the annual Ice Cricket tournament. The game juxtaposes the normal summer pursuit with harsh, wintry conditions. Rules are otherwise similar to those for the six-a-side game.
In addition, there is also Tape ball and Tennis ball cricket. Both variations use a tennis ball instead of a regular cricket ball to play. In Tape ball cricket, the ball is additionally covered with electric tape. The variation was pioneered in Pakistan and is greatly attributed to Pakistan's famous production of Fast bowlers as children are brought up playing the game using a tape ball in which various skills are developed. The increasing popularity of the tape ball in informal, local cricket has transformed the way games are played in cricket-loving nations such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and India.
International structure[link]
Main articles: International structure of cricket, International Cricket Council, and World Cricket League
The International Cricket Council (ICC), which has its headquarters in Dubai, is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.
The ICC has 104 members: 10 Full Members that play official Test matches, 34 Associate Members, and 60 Affiliate Members.[41] The ICC is responsible for the organisation and governance of cricket's major international tournaments, notably the Cricket World Cup. It also appoints the umpires and referees that officiate at all sanctioned Test matches, One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals. Each nation has a national cricket board which regulates cricket matches played in its country. The cricket board also selects the national squad and organises home and away tours for the national team. In the West Indies these matters are addressed by the West Indies Cricket Board which consists of members appointed by four national boards and two multi-national boards.
Members[link]
Main article: List of International Cricket Council members
Full Members[link]
Full Members are the governing bodies for cricket in a country or associated countries. Full Members may also represent a geographical area. All Full Members have a right to send one representative team to play official Test matches. Also, all Full Member nations are automatically qualified to play ODIs and Twenty20 Internationals.[42] West Indies cricket team does not represent one country instead an amalgamation of over 20 countries from the Caribbean. The English Cricket team represents both England and Wales.
| Nation | Governing body | Member since | Current Test Rankings | Current ODI Rankings | Current T20 Rankings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Australia |
Cricket Australia | 01909-07-1515 July 1909[42] | 4 | 1 | 5 |
 Bangladesh |
Bangladesh Cricket Board | 02000-06-2626 June 2000[42] | 9 | 9 | 9 !– |
 England |
England and Wales Cricket Board | 01909-07-1515 July 1909[42] | 1 | 6 | 1 |
 India |
Board of Control for Cricket in India | 01926-05-3131 May 1926[42] | 3 | 2 | 7 |
 New Zealand |
New Zealand Cricket | 01926-05-3131 May 1926[42] | 8 | 7 | 2 |
 Pakistan |
Pakistan Cricket Board | 01953-07-2828 July 1953[42] | 5 | 5 | 6 |
 South Africa |
Cricket South Africa | 01909-07-1515 July 1909A[42] | 2 | 3 | 4 |
 Sri Lanka |
Sri Lanka Cricket | 01981-07-2121 July 1981[42] | 6 | 4 | 3 |
 West Indies |
West Indies Cricket Board | 01926-05-3131 May 1926[42] | 7 | 8 | 8 |
 Zimbabwe |
Zimbabwe Cricket | 01992-07-066 July 1992[42] | 10 !– | 10 | 10 |
AResigned May 1961, readmitted 10 July 1991.
Top Associate and Affiliate Members[link]
All the associate and affiliate members are not qualified to play Test Cricket, however ICC grants One Day International status to its associate and affiliate members based on their success in the World Cricket League. The top six teams will be awarded One day international and Twenty20 International status, which will allow the associate and affiliate teams to be eligible to play the full members and play official ODI cricket.
The associate and affiliate teams who currently hold ODI and T20I status:
| Nation | Governing body | Member since | Current ODI Rankings |
|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan |
Afghanistan Cricket Board | 02001-01-012001[43] | 14 |
 Canada |
Cricket Canada | 01968-01-011968[42] | 16 |
 Ireland |
Cricket Ireland | 01993-01-011993[42] | 11 |
 Kenya |
Cricket Kenya | 01981-01-011981[42] | 13 |
 Netherlands |
Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond | 01966-01-011966[42] | 12 |
 Scotland |
Cricket Scotland | 01994-01-011994[42] | 15 |
Statistics[link]
Main article: Cricket statistics
Organized cricket lends itself to statistics to a greater degree than many other sports. Each play is discrete and has a relatively small number of possible outcomes. At the professional level, statistics for Test cricket, one-day internationals, and first-class cricket are recorded separately. However, since Test matches are a form of first-class cricket, a player's first-class statistics will include his Test match statistics—but not vice versa. The Guide to Cricketers was a cricket annual edited by Fred Lillywhite between 1849 and his death in 1866. Wisden Cricketers' Almanack was founded in 1864 by the English cricketer John Wisden (1826–1884) as a competitor to The Guide to Cricketers. Its annual publication has continued uninterrupted to the present day, making it the longest running sports annual in history.
Certain traditional statistics are familiar to most cricket fans. The basic batting statistics include:
- Innings (I): The number of innings in which the batsman actually batted.
- Not outs (NO): The number of times the batsman was not out at the conclusion of an innings they batted in.1
- Runs (R): The number of runs scored.
- Highest Score (HS/Best): The highest score ever made by the batsman.
- Batting Average (Ave): The total number of runs divided by the total number of innings in which the batsman was out. Ave = Runs/[I – NO] (also Avge or Avg.)
- Centuries (100): The number of innings in which the batsman scored one hundred runs or more.
- Half-centuries (50): The number of innings in which the batsman scored fifty to ninety-nine runs (centuries do not count as half-centuries as well).
- Balls Faced (BF): The total number of balls received, including no balls but not including wides.
- Strike Rate (SR): The number of runs scored per 100 balls faced. (SR = [100 * Runs]/BF)
- Run Rate (RR): Is the number of runs a batsman (or the batting side) scores in an over of six balls.
The basic bowling statistics include:
- Overs (O): The number of overs bowled.
- Balls (B): The number of balls bowled. Overs is more traditional, but balls is a more useful statistic because the number of balls per over has varied historically.
- Maiden Overs (M): The number of maiden overs (overs in which the bowler conceded zero runs) bowled.
- Runs (R): The number of runs conceded.
- Wickets (W): The number of wickets taken.
- No balls (Nb): The number of no balls bowled.
- Wides (Wd): The number of wides bowled.
- Bowling Average (Ave): The average number of runs conceded per wicket. (Ave = Runs/W)
- Strike Rate (SR): The average number of balls bowled per wicket. (SR = Balls/W)
- Economy Rate (Econ): The average number of runs conceded per over. (Econ = Runs/overs bowled).
In popular culture[link]
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This section requires expansion. |
Cricket has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the Commonwealth of Nations and elsewhere. Cricket has had an influence on the lexicon of these nations, especially the English language, with such phrases as "that's not cricket" (unfair), "had a good innings", "sticky wicket", and "bowled over". There have been many cricket films. The term "Bradmanesque" from Don Bradman's name has become a generic term for outstanding excellence, both within cricket and in the wider world.[44] The amateur game has also been spread further afield by expatriates from the Test-playing nations. In the late 19th century, a former cricket player, English-born Henry Chadwick of Brooklyn, New York, was responsible for the "development of the box score, tabular standings, the annual baseball guide, the batting average, and most of the common statistics and tables used to describe baseball".[45] The statistical record is so central to the game's "historical essence" that Chadwick came to be known as Father Baseball.[45]
C.L.R. James's Beyond a Boundary is a popular book about the sport.
See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ MCC – the official Laws of Cricket. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ CricketArchive – full list of ICC member countries. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ John Major, More Than A Game, HarperCollins, 2007
- ^ John Leach, From Lads to Lord's quotes the precise date of the accounting entry as Thursday 10 March 1300 (Julian date), which is in the Gregorian year of 1301. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ John Leach, From Lads to Lord's quotes the precise date of the court case in Guildford as Monday, 17 January 1597 (Julian date), which is in the Gregorian year of 1598. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
- ^ Middle Dutch was the language in use in Flanders at the time.
- ^ Birley, p.3
- ^ Birley, op. cit.
- ^ Altham, p.21
- ^ Bowen, p.33
- ^ David Terry, The Seventeenth Century Game of Cricket: A Reconstruction of the Game. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ Gillmeister's theory is summarised in the introduction to the book The Language of Cricket by John Eddowes, ISBN 1-85754-270-3.
- ^ David Underdown, Start of Play, Allen Lane, 2000, p.3
- ^ a b H S Altham, A History of Cricket, Volume 1 (to 1914), George Allen & Unwin, 1962, p.21
- ^ Timothy J McCann, Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century, Sussex Record Society, 2004
- ^ CricketArchive profile. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ The Australian Eleven: The first Australian team, National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
- ^ CricInfo profile. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 1. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ Eastaway, Rob (2004). What Is a Googly?: The Mysteries of Cricket Explained. Great Britain: Robson Works. pp. 24. ISBN 1-86105-629-X. http://books.google.com/?id=_WI_clv8jMYC&pg=PA22&dq=%22what+is+cricket%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=.
- ^ "Dimensions for Cricket". http://www.dsr.wa.gov.au/index.php?id=947. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
- ^ a b MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 19
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 23. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ 22 yards is the length of a chain, a surveyor's measure first devised in 1620
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 12. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 30. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 32. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 36. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 38. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 39. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 35. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 34. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 37. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 33. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC – Laws of Cricket: Law 31. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ MCC—Laws of Cricket: Preamble to the Laws. Accessed 8 September 2010.
- ^ MCC—Laws of Cricket: Promoting the Spirit of Cricket. Accessed 26 March 2012.
- ^ "Zimbabwe revokes Test status". BBC Sport. 18 January 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/zimbabwe/4625900.stm. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ "Zimbabwe beat Bangladesh on return to Test cricket". BBC Sport. 8 August 2011. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/14449989.stm. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ Eastaway, Rob, What Is a Googly?: The Mysteries of Cricket Explained (Anova, 2005), p. 134.
- ^ CricketArchive: full list of ICC members. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "A brief history ...". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci-icc/content/current/story/209608.html. Retrieved 2 May 2008.
- ^ "Cricinfo-Other countries-Teams-Afghanistan". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/other/content/team/40.html. Retrieved 4 May 2008.
- ^ Singh, Vikas (30 December 2003). "Ponting in Bradmanesque avatar". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/395972.cms. Retrieved 8 September 2010.
- ^ a b Tygiel (2000), p. 16.
External links[link]
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| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Mohammad Javed Miandad Khan | |||
| Born | (1957-06-12) 12 June 1957 (age 55) Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right arm leg-break | |||
| Role | Batsman | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | Pakistan | |||
| Test debut | 9 October 1976 v New Zealand | |||
| Last Test | 16 December 1993 v Zimbabwe | |||
| ODI debut | 11 June 1975 v West Indies | |||
| Last ODI | 9 March 1996 v India | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1975–1991 | Habib Bank Limited | |||
| 1980–1985 | Glamorgan | |||
| 1976–1979 | Sussex | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 124 | 233 | 402 | 439 |
| Runs scored | 8,832 | 7,381 | 28,663 | 13,973 |
| Batting average | 52.57 | 41.70 | 53.37 | 42.60 |
| 100s/50s | 23/43 | 8/50 | 80/139 | 13/101 |
| Top score | 280* | 119* | 311 | 152* |
| Balls bowled | 1,470 | 297 | 12,690 | 830 |
| Wickets | 17 | 7 | 191 | 18 |
| Bowling average | 40.11 | 42.42 | 34.06 | 34.05 |
| 5 wickets in innings | – | – | 6 | – |
| 10 wickets in match | – | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| Best bowling | 3/74 | 2/22 | 7/39 | 3/20 |
| Catches/stumpings | 93/1 | 71/2 | 341/3 | 142/2 |
| Source: CricketArchive, 10 March 2009 | ||||
Mohammad Javed Miandad Khan (Urdu: محمد جاوید میانداد) (born 12 June 1957), popularly known as Javed Miandad (Urdu: جاوید میانداد), is a former Pakistani cricketer who played between 1975 and 1996. He is Pakistan's leading run scorer in Test cricket. He has served as a captain of the Pakistan national cricket team. He is widely known for his big six against India in 1986 where 5 runs were required from 1 ball.[1] After his playing career, he has remained the coach of Pakistan cricket team at various occasions, as well as held positions in the Pakistan Cricket Board. He had three coaching stints with the Pakistan national team.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Javed Miandad was born in Palanpur in 1957. Javed Miandad attended schools in Palanpur and college in Karachi. His parents moved from Palanpur, Gujarat, India.[citation needed] Javed Miandad is a Tyagi (Muslim).[2]
Career[link]
Miandad made his Test debut against New Zealand at Lahore on 9 October 1976. He scored 163 in this match, to become the youngest player at the time to do so at an age of 19 years and 119 days.[3] In the same series he scored a double century, and on his way broke George Headley's 47 year record, to become the youngest player to achieve the feat.[4] Miandad made his One Day International debut against the West Indies at Edgbaston, Birmingham in the Cricket World Cup 1975. Interestingly, his last ODI was also a world cup match, in both innings he was run out and Pakistan lost the match. More, he scored 2 fours and 0 sixes and his strike rate was below 100 in both of his, first and last ODI innings.
Miandad's inclusion in the Pakistan team was itself an achievement. A formidable batting line-up of Majid Khan, Sadiq Muhammad, Zaheer Abbas, Asif Iqbal, Mushtaq Muhammad and Wasim Raja was hard to create any replacements, but Miandad's raw talent made it possible and he become an integral part of Pakistan's strong batting line.
Javed Miandad played 124 Test matches, batting in 189 innings. His aggregate of 8,832 Test runs is a Pakistani record. Even though his test career spanned 17 years, he failed to make it into the top-most category of batsmen with test aggregates of over 10,000 runs.[5] Miandad's 23 centuries and 43 fifties were Pakistani national records, until they were broken by Inzamam-ul-Haq. Miandad's Test career batting average of 52.57 is among the highest for Pakistani batsmen. He scored six double centuries which is the most by a Pakistani and 6th overall.He has honour of scoring centuries in both innings in the 100th test match against New Zealand.[6] He made his highest score of 280 not out against India.Pakistan went on to win that match by an innings and 119 runs.
Javed Miandad is the first (and one of the only two, other being Sachin Tendulkar ) player to have played in six World Cups, the first six, from 1975 to 1996.
Coaching and commentary[link]
As a coach, Javed Miandad guided Pakistan to test victories in the Asia Cup and in India during 1998-99 season, when Wasim Akram was captain. Miandad also later assisted with coaching Pakistani batsmen.[7]
Following this he was offered broadcasting and coaching positions in India.[8] Also in November 2010 it was being planned to give Miandad a role as a batting coach.[9]
Personal life[link]
Javed Miandad married Tahira Saigol in 1980. He has two sons and a daughter.[citation needed] He had three brothers play first-class cricket in Pakistan: Anwar, Sohail and Bashir. His son Junaid Miandad is married to Mahrukh Ibrahim, daughter of Dawood Ibrahim, an Indian born underworld kingpin, smuggler and terrorist who currently resides in Pakistan. Miandad told the press that his son and Ibrahim's daughter met while studying together in the UK.[10]
Records & achievements[link]
| Pride of Performance Award Recipient | |
|---|---|
 Javed Miandad was recipient of the Pride of Performance Award 1986[11] |
|
| Presented by | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
| Date | 1986 |
| Country | Islamic Republic of Pakistan |
- Miandad was amongst the three Pakistani players to have his name in the Hall of Fame at Lords.
- In 1983, he had received the President’s Pride of Performance Award
- Miandad is one of those two cricketers(other being Sachin Tendulkar) who appeared in Six World Cup competitions.[12]
- In 1982, Wisden named him as one of the cricketers of the year.[13]
- Javed Miandad scored 1083 runs in 33 matches at 6 World Cup tournaments.[12]
- He was also declared the 44th best Cricketer of all time in ESPN Legend Of Cricket.
- He is the youngest player to hit a double
century. He broke George Headley's 47 year old record. Now the record is 35 years old.
- Miandad holds the world record for the maximum number of consecutive half centuries in One Day Internationals- 9[14]
Centuries by Javed Miandad[link]
One Day International Centuries[link]
- In the column Runs, * indicates being not out
- The column title Match refers to the Match Number of the player's career
| # | Runs | Match | Against | City/Country | Venue | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1] | 106* | 36 | India |
Gujranwala, Pakistan | Municipal Stadium | 1982 |
| [2] | 119* | 38 | India |
Lahore, Pakistan | Gaddafi Stadium | 1982 |
| [3] | 116* | 95 | India |
Sharjah, UAE | Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium | 1986 |
| [4] | 113 | 117 | England |
London, United Kingdom | The Oval | 1987 |
| [5] | 103 | 120 | Sri Lanka |
Hyderabad, Pakistan | Niaz Stadium | 1987 |
| [6] | 100* | 131 | West Indies |
Georgetown, Guyana | Bourda | 1988 |
| [7] | 115* | 182 | Sri Lanka |
Hyderabad, Pakistan | Niaz Stadium | 1992 |
| [8] | 107 | 204 | South Africa |
East London, South Africa | Buffalo Park | 1993 |
Test Cricket International Centuries[link]
- In the column Runs, * indicates being not out
- The column title Match refers to the Match Number of the player's career
References[link]
- ^ http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4559245691155972882#
- ^ Tyagi Muslim, http://www.tyagicommunity.com/wiki/index.php?title=Category:Muslim_Tyagi_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%DB%8C_(%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80_)
- ^ Cricinfo - Youngest players to score a hundred
- ^ Cricinfo - Youngest players to score a double hundred
- ^ Cricinfo - Most runs in a Test career
- ^ Cricinfo - Most double hundreds in a Test career
- ^ , http://www.dawn.com/2011/04/12/talks-fail-as-miandad-turns-down-coaching-offer.html
- ^ Pakistan Times - News coverage - 16 July 2004
- ^ http://www.thenews.com.pk/27-11-2010/Sports/17467.htm
- ^ Profile: India's fugitive gangster
- ^ Javed Miandad gets Pride of Performance award
- ^ a b Cricinfo Worldcup Records - Most Runs
- ^ http://content.cricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/209422.html
- ^ {{Cite web|url=http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283044.html%7Ctitle=Records / One-Day Internationals / Batting records / Fifties in consecutive innings|publisher=cricinfo|accessdate=2009-11-10}}
- ^ http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/player/40879.html?class=1;template=results;type=allround;view=match
External links[link]
| Preceded by Asif Iqbal |
Pakistan Cricket Captain 1980–1981 |
Succeeded by Zaheer Abbas |
| Preceded by Imran Khan |
Pakistan Cricket Captain 1992 |
Succeeded by Saleem Malik |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Miandad, Javed |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 12 June 1957 |
| Place of birth | Karachi, Sindh |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Javed_Miandad
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Javed Miandad
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javed_Miandad
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Dennis Lillie.
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Dennis Keith Lillee | |||
| Born | (1949-07-18) 18 July 1949 (age 62) Subiaco, Perth, Australia |
|||
| Height | 5 ft 11.5 in (1.82 m) | |||
| Batting style | Right-hand batsman | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm fast | |||
| Role | Bowler | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | Australia | |||
| Test debut | 29 January 1971 v England | |||
| Last Test | 2 January 1984 v Pakistan | |||
| ODI debut | 24 August 1972 v England | |||
| Last ODI | 18 June 1983 v West Indies | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1988 | Northamptonshire | |||
| 1987–1988 | Tasmania | |||
| 1969–1984 | Western Australia | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODIs | FC | List A |
| Matches | 70 | 63 | 198 | 102 |
| Runs scored | 905 | 240 | 2337 | 382 |
| Batting average | 13.71 | 9.23 | 13.90 | 8.68 |
| 100s/50s | 0/1 | 0/0 | 0/2 | 0/0 |
| Top score | 73* | 42* | 73* | 42* |
| Balls bowled | 18467 | 3593 | 44806 | 5678 |
| Wickets | 355 | 103 | 882 | 165 |
| Bowling average | 23.92 | 20.82 | 23.46 | 19.75 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 23 | 1 | 50 | 1 |
| 10 wickets in match | 7 | n/a | 13 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 7/83 | 5/34 | 8/29 | 5/34 |
| Catches/stumpings | 23/– | 67/– | 67/– | 17/– |
| Source: CricketArchive, 14 January 2009 | ||||
Dennis Keith Lillee, AM, MBE (born 18 July 1949 in Subiaco, Western Australia) is a former Australian cricketer rated as the "outstanding fast bowler of his generation".[1] Lillee was known for his fiery temperament, 'never-say-die' attitude and popularity with the fans.
In the early part of his career Lillee was an extremely quick bowler, but a number of stress fractures in his back almost ended his career. Taking on a strict fitness regime, he fought his way back to full fitness, eventually returning to international cricket. By the time of his retirement from international cricket in 1984 he had become the then world record holder for most Test wickets (355),[2] and had firmly established himself as one of the most recognisable and renowned Australian sportsmen of all time.
On 17 December 2009, Lillee was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame.[3] Dennis Lillee has done great service to the art of Fast bowling by contributing immensely at the MRF Pace Foundation in Chennai, India.
Contents |
Test career[link]
Aged 20, Lillee made his first-class debut for Western Australia in 1969-70 and impressed with his raw pace. At the end of the season, he toured New Zealand with an Australian second team and took 18 wickets at 16.44 average.[4]
Debut[link]
The following season, he made his Test debut in the Sixth Test at Adelaide in the 1970-71 Ashes series, taking 5/84 from 28.3 eight-ball overs.[5] His first Test wicket was John Edrich, caught by Keith Stackpole for 130, but it was not until the Seventh Test at Sydney that John Hampshire became the first batsman to be "caught Marsh, bowled Lillee". In 1971–72 against a World XI at Perth, he destroyed a powerful batting lineup that included Garry Sobers, Clive Lloyd, Rohan Kanhai and Sunil Gavaskar by taking 8/29. Lillee followed this performance with a successful Ashes tour of England in 1972, when he "asserted himself as a great bowler".[6] In a series that ended 2–2, he was the outstanding bowler on either team, taking 31 wickets at an average of 17.67. This earned him selection as one of Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year for 1973.[7]
Back injury[link]
During a Test against Pakistan in the 1972–73 season, Lillee felt sharp pain in his back for the first time, but continued to play. On the tour of the West Indies that followed, Lillee broke down completely and was diagnosed with stress fracture in his lower vertebrae. Forced out of cricket, he spent six weeks during the winter of 1973 wearing a plaster cast that encased his entire torso.[2] After the removal of the cast, he played club cricket in Perth as a specialist batsman.
There was speculation that his bowling career was nearly over. Lillee persevered, undergoing an intensive physiotherapy routine, formulated by sports scientist Frank Pyke,[8] and remodelling his bowling action.[2] In 1974–75, he returned to Test cricket for the Ashes series and was paired with New South Wales fast bowler Jeff Thomson to form one of the most effective opening bowling combinations in Test cricket. The pair was a major factor in Australia's emphatic 4–1 victory.[9] In 1975, the University of Western Australia timed Lillee's bowling at 154.8 km/h.
Lillee and Thomson[link]
Lillee toured England again in 1975. During the inaugural World Cup he captured eight wickets in five matches, including 5/34 against Pakistan at Leeds. His aggressive bowling was not always suited to the run-containing style required in the one-day game. In the subsequent four-Test series against England, Lillee claimed 21 wickets as his team finished winners by 1–0. With the bat, he made 73 not out at Lord's to rescue Australia from a difficult situation.
Another 27 wickets (at 26.37 average) followed in the summer of 1975–76 against the West Indies. At this time, Lillee was one of the most marketable personalities in Australia, but he was frustrated by the small amounts that he earned from the game. Outspoken in his opinions, he came into conflict with the game's administrators. Lillee suggested that a made-for-television exhibition series could be played each season with profits given to the players. John Cornell, his manager, took this idea to Kerry Packer, who later fashioned it into World Series Cricket (WSC).
An injury to Thomson early in 1976–77 forced Lillee to take on a greater workload during the six Tests of the season. He responded with 47 wickets including match figures of 10/135 against Pakistan at the MCG and 11/123 at Auckland against New Zealand. In the Centenary Test, his 11/165 was the decisive performance in Australia's victory. However, the extra exertion created "hot spots" in his back and not wanting to reaggravate his previous condition, he made himself unavailable for the 1977 tour of England.
World Series Cricket[link]
Remaining in Australia to do television commentary on the tour, Lillee was isolated from the furore in England surrounding the plans for the breakaway professional competition, WSC. He was announced as one of the WSC players in May 1977. The Lillee image and personality were key components in WSC's innovative marketing of their games. However, he struggled on-field during the first season of WSC and in the winter of 1978 made further adjustments to his action. He also spent time working with ex-World professional sprint champion Austin Robertson, improving his running technique and fitness. In nine "Supertests" (four in Australia and five in the West Indies) during 1978–79, Lillee captured 46 wickets at 22.5 average, with a best of 7/23 against the West Indies XI at the SCG.
Cutting down his pace and the length of his run up, Lillee now concentrated on moving the ball off the seam with an occasional faster or slower ball for variation. During the season of his return to official cricket, Lillee collected 35 Test wickets in six matches against the West Indies and England, and gave Australia's bowling attack stability while the selectors experimented with the team. In the World Series Cup, his changed style helped to bring him 20 wickets (at 12.7 average) in eight ODIs, including 4/12 against West Indies and 4/28 against England, both at the SCG. However, the tour of Pakistan that followed was ruined for Lillee by flat batting pitches prepared by local curators to blunt his effectiveness. He managed just three wickets in three Tests.
Australian and world records[link]
Against New Zealand and India in 1980–81, Lillee took 37 wickets in six Tests and was the leading bowler in the World Series Cup for the second successive season. He contributed 25 wickets to Australia's first victory in the competition. After breaking Richie Benaud's Australian Test record of 248 wickets, Lillee toured England in 1981 when his preparation was compromised by a viral infection. A return of 39 Test wickets (at 22.30) for series was the best of his career[1] and he won man of the match awards in the first and last Tests. Lillee formed a penetrative partnership with fellow West Australian Terry Alderman, who claimed an Australian record of 41 wickets.[10] Despite possessing this potent attack, Australia lost the series by 1–3 when Ian Botham turned in a series of brilliant individual performances.[11]
Granted a testimonial for 1981–82, Lillee's season got off to a poor start when he was involved in the infamous incident with Javed Miandad (see below) in the first Test of the summer. Suspended for two ODIs, the level of his on-field aggression was again criticised. However, he continued taking wickets: 15 in three Tests against Pakistan and 16 in three Tests against the West Indies. Against the latter, his 7/83 and 3/44 at the MCG in the first Test took him past the world record for the most Test wickets held by Lance Gibbs.[12] His ODI season was less successful, with 12 wickets in 12 games. His best effort was 2/18 in ten overs against the West Indies during the third final of the World Series Cup, the only match in the final series Australia was able to win.[13]
Retirement[link]
Bowling as a first-change, Lillee had an uneventful tour of New Zealand in March and April 1982 before suffering a serious knee injury in the first Ashes Test at the WACA Ground in November of the same year. This forced him to miss the rest of the series and Australia's 2–1 victory, which reclaimed the Ashes. Returning to the team for the latter stages of the World Series Cup, Lillee was no longer an automatic choice to take the new ball. Nevertheless, his 11 wickets in six ODIs helped Australia win the tournament with a victory over New Zealand in the final.
His wicket-taking capacity was diminishing. During Australia's brief tour of Sri Lanka in 1983, Lillee took three wickets at Kandy in the inaugural Test between the two nations and went wicket-less in two ODIs. Later in the year, his ODI career finished during the third World Cup in England when he conceded 52 runs from 12 overs in the match against the West Indies at Lord's. Dropped from the team, Lillee acknowledged that he was not fully fit, but he remained motivated to continue in Test cricket by the number of people who had written him off.
During the first two Tests of 1983–84 against Pakistan at Perth, he took only one wicket and looked set to be dropped from the Test team as well. Fate intervened when Carl Rackemann, the man of the match from the second Test, was injured. This allowed Lillee to play the rest of the Test series and he finished with 20 wickets at 31.65. Along with Greg Chappell he announced his retirement during the final Test at Sydney, and took eight wickets, including a wicket with his last delivery in the match.[14]
Caught Marsh bowled Lillee[link]
Throughout his Australian career Lillee was also famous for his partnership with wicketkeeper Rod Marsh, and the scorecard entry 'c Marsh b Lillee' appeared 95 times in Tests, a partnership record between wicketkeeper and bowler that is yet to be broken. Coincidentally, both players ended their careers with 355 Test dismisals; Marsh took 343 catches and had 12 stumpings. They also shared much success at first-class level, playing for West Australia.
| Team | Bowler | WK or Fielder* | Matches | Wickets |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Dennis Lillee | Rod Marsh | 69 | 95 |
| Australia | Glenn McGrath | Adam Gilchrist | 71 | 90 |
| South Africa | Makhaya Ntini | Mark Boucher* | 94 | 84 |
| Australia | Brett Lee | Adam Gilchrist | 65 | 81 |
| South Africa | Shaun Pollock | Mark Boucher | 88 | 79 |
| West Indies | Malcolm Marshall | Jeff Dujon | 68 | 71 |
Statistics correct at 4 August 2009. Source:[1].
Controversy[link]
Aluminium bat incident[link]
Main article: ComBat
During a Test at the WACA Ground in December 1979 between Australia and England, Lillee went to the crease with an aluminium bat manufactured by a company owned by a personal friend. There were no rules against using such a bat, but trouble began when Lillee hit a ball that went for three runs. Australian captain Greg Chappell thought that the ball should have gone for a four, and instructed Rodney Hogg to deliver a conventional wooden bat to Lillee. As this was happening, English captain Mike Brearley complained to the umpires that the bat was damaging the ball.
Lillee refused to change the bat. Brearley, Lillee, and the umpires held an animated discussion for almost ten minutes, before Chappell insisted that Lillee should change bats. In a fit of pique, Lillee threw "the offending lump of metal fully 40 yards towards the pavilion",[15] and grudgingly took the wooden bat. He was not disciplined by the ACB for this incident. After the game, sales of the bat skyrocketed for a few months, before the laws of the game were amended, specifying that bats had to be made from wood.
Betting[link]
At Headingley on the 1981 tour of England, Australia was in such a strong position at one stage of the third Test that bookmakers at the ground were offering odds of 500–1 on an England victory. These odds were flashed on the scoreboard during a break in the game and noticed by the Australian players. Lillee and Rod Marsh believed that the odds were so ludicrous that, via a third party, they each put a small wager on the outcome, later describing their actions as a "joke". Between them, they collected 7,500 pounds when England pulled off a comeback victory.[16] Both men openly discussed the incident and received no official censure or sanction, although some criticised their actions.[17] There has never been a suggestion that the bets compromised their efforts in the game. However, the issue has been re-examined in modern times following the match-fixing scandals that have plagued international cricket since the mid-1990s.[18]
Lillee vs Miandad[link]
Described by Wisden as "one of the most undignified incidents in Test history",[19] the clash between Lillee and Pakistani batsman Javed Miandad occurred during the first Test at Perth in 1981.
Miandad turned Lillee behind square for a single, and in completing an easy run, he collided with the bowler. Eyewitnesses agreed that Lillee was to blame and most observed that he had deliberately moved into the batsman's path. The two players' versions of events differ ... As Lillee turned to go back to his mark he maintained that Miandad struck him from behind with his bat; Miandad countered with the claim that Lillee had kicked him as he passed. What isn't in doubt is that Lillee then turned to confront Miandad, and Miandad lifted his bat above his head as if to strike him. The unedifying images of Tony Crafter, the umpire, stepping in to hold back Lillee while Miandad wielded his bat like a deranged javelin thrower were beamed around the world. ... The media were in no doubt where the blame lay–with Lillee. Bob Simpson, the former Australian captain, wrote that it was "the most disgraceful thing I have seen on a cricket field". Keith Miller, in the Sydney Sunday Telegraph, added that Lillee "should be suspended for the rest of the season," and Ian Chappell added that Lillee's actions were those of "a spoiled, angry child". But Greg Chappell, Australia's captain, supported Lillee and ... even suggested that it has all been part of a plot by Pakistan to entrap Lillee. The Australian players–who sat in judgment on such matters in those days–announced that Lillee would be fined A$200, a decision which attracted almost as much anger as the incident itself. The two umpires complained at the leniency of the punishment, and the Australian Board acted swiftly, reducing the fine to A$120 but adding a two-match ban. Cynics noted that the punishment ensured that Lillee missed two fairly low-key one-day internationals, and none of the Tests.[20]
After retirement[link]
Lillee made a brief comeback to first-class cricket in 1987–88 for Tasmania, taking a wicket with his first ball.[21] In 1988, he played eight matches for English county team Northants and suffered a severe ankle injury.[22] In his recent autobiography, Lillee claimed that he played again as a preparation for a possible comeback to the Australian team that was suggested by the then captain Allan Border.[23]
During the 1990s and in the early years of the 21st century Lillee has dedicated himself to mentoring and coaching young bowlers, most notably Brett Lee and Shaun Tait. Lillee continued playing competitive cricket until 1999 for the traditional ACB President's XI match against touring sides at Lilac Hill. In his final match he took three wickets and played alongside his son Adam.
He has also appeared in many TV commercials for items as diverse as carpets, work boots, glucosamine tablets to relieve osteoarthritis symptoms and solar power companies.
Since 2004 he has been the president of the Western Australian Cricket Association.[24]
Honours, awards, records and accolades[link]
- He was one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1973.
- He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1981.[25]
- He was one of the ten inaugural inductees into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame in 1996.
- He was selected in the official Australian Test Team of the Century.
- He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000.[26]
- He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the Australia Day Honours of 2010.[27]
- He was immortalized in the Men at Work song "No Restrictions" (Cargo, 1983) with the line: "Hear the cricket calling, switch on the TV, sit and stare for hours, and cheer Dennis Lillee".
- He was also mentioned in the Iain Campbell Smith song "Blue Guitar". In a lyric where the narrator is describing unlikely, fantastic events he sings "I hit a six off Dennis Lillee and I clean bowled Gavaskar". When performing in the United States, Smith will often change the lyric to "I scored thirty-seven points off of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar."
Footnotes[link]
- ^ a b BBC Sport: Ashes legends - Dennis Lillee. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ a b c MCG.org: Dennis Lillee. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ "Dennis Lillee inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame". http://www.thesportscampus.com/200912173109/news-bytes/dennis-lillee-hall-of-fame.
- ^ Cricinfo: Australia in New Zealand 1969–70 tour statistics.
- ^ "6th Test: Australia v England at Adelaide, Jan 29-Feb 3, 1971". espncricinfo. http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63064.html. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
- ^ Cricinfo.com: Massie's mystery, Lillee's menace. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Wisden, 1973 edition: Cricketer of the Year Dennis Lillee
- ^ Reed, Ron. "Sports scientist Dr Frank Pyke gave Dennis Lillee back his fire". Herald Sun. Published 24 November 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
- ^ Cricinfo.com: How the Test was won: the true tale of Sheriff and Billy the kid. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Wisden, 1982 edition: Australia in England 1981.
- ^ Cricinfo: Don't let history repeat itself.
- ^ Wisden, 1983 edition: 1st Test Australia v West Indies, match report.
- ^ B&H WSC 2nd final Australia v West Indies, scorecard.
- ^ Cricinfo.com: Three legends bow out at the SCG. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ 10 most spectacular dismissals, The Guardian, Retrieved on 16 October 2007
- ^ Cricinfo.com: Pure village-green slogging. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Cricinfo.com: Lillee casts light on "infamous betting scandal". Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Cricinfo.com: New dimensions in match-fixing scam. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Cricinfo - Temper, temper
- ^ Wisden -'One of the most undignified incidents in Test history'
- ^ http://static.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1980S/1987-88/AUS_LOCAL/SS/TAS_SOA_SS_15-18JAN1988.html
- ^ Cricinfo.com: Knowing when to call it a day. Retrieved 18 September 2007.
- ^ Lillee (2003), pp 207–209.
- ^ Lillee honoured by WACA presidency (30 September 2004)
- ^ It's an Honour: MBE
- ^ It's an Honour: Australian Sports Medal
- ^ It's an Honour: AM
References[link]
- Brayshaw, Ian (1983). Caught Marsh, Bowled Lillee. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ISBN 0-642-97447-0.
External links[link]
- Player profile: Dennis Lillee from ESPNcricinfo
- Player profile: Dennis Lillee from CricketArchive
- HowSTAT! statistical profile of Dennis Lillee
- Infamous Cricket Incidents - Dennis Lillee vs Javed Miandad
- Dennis Lillee interviewed on Enough Rope (transcript), 28 April 2003
- Lillee and Thomson interviewed (video), 2007
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lance Gibbs |
World Record – Most Career Wickets in Test cricket 355 wickets (23.92) in 70 Tests Held record 27th December, 1981 to 21st August, 1986 |
Succeeded by Ian Botham |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lillee, Dennis Keith |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Cricketer |
| Date of birth | 18 July 1949 |
| Place of birth | Subiaco, Western Australia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Dennis_Lillee
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Dennis Lillee
http://de.wn.com/Dennis Lillee
http://pl.wn.com/Dennis Lillee
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Lillee
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
||||
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Born | (1976-11-08) 8 November 1976 (age 35) Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia |
|||
| Nickname | Bing, Binga, The Speedster. | |||
| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in) | |||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm fast | |||
| Role | Bowler | |||
| Relations | S Lee (brother) | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | Australia | |||
| Test debut (cap 383) | 26 December 1999 v India | |||
| Last Test | 26 December 2008 v South Africa | |||
| ODI debut (cap 140) | 9 January 2000 v Pakistan | |||
| Last ODI | 19 February 2012 v India | |||
| ODI shirt no. | 58 | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1995 – | New South Wales | |||
| 2011 | Wellington | |||
| 2011– | Sydney Sixers | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Test | ODI | FC | LA |
| Matches | 76 | 216 | 116 | 256 |
| Runs scored | 1,451 | 1,088 | 2,120 | 1,263 |
| Batting average | 20.15 | 17.00 | 18.59 | 16.40 |
| 100s/50s | 0/5 | 0/3 | 0/8 | 0/3 |
| Top score | 64 | 59 | 97 | 59 |
| Balls bowled | 16,531 | 10,979 | 24,193 | 13,229 |
| Wickets | 310 | 374 | 487 | 431 |
| Bowling average | 30.81 | 23.25 | 28.22 | 23.98 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 10 | 9 | 20 | 10 |
| 10 wickets in match | 0 | n/a | 2 | n/a |
| Best bowling | 5/30 | 5/22 | 7/114 | 5/22 |
| Catches/stumpings | 23/– | 53/– | 35/– | 61/– |
| Source: Cricinfo, 23 March 2012 | ||||
Brett Lee (born 8 November 1976) is an Australian cricketer.
After breaking into the Australian Test team, Lee was recognised as one of the fastest bowlers in world cricket. In each of his first two years, he averaged less than 20 with the ball, but since then has mostly achieved figures in the early 30s.[1]
He is an athletic fielder and useful lower-order batsman, with a batting average exceeding 20 in Test cricket. Together with Mike Hussey, he has held the record for highest 7th wicket partnership for Australia in ODIs since 2005–06 with 123.[2]
Lee is known by his nickname 'Binga', which refers to 'Bing Lee', a chain of electronics stores in New South Wales.
Brett Lee also plays for Kolkata Knight Riders,who won the IPL season five against Chennai Super Kings.[3]
Contents |
Style[link]
Lee is known for his pace and regularly clocks 150 km/h and above. He ranks behind only Pakistani bowler Shoaib Akhtar (161.3 km/h, 100.2 mph) as the fastest bowler in contemporary cricket during most of the 2000s.[4] The strain of consistently bowling at 150 km/h caused a string of stress fractures and recurring injuries and forced him to alter his strategy, which he has done effectively.[5] Rather than relying on pace alone, he uses a wide array of deliveries aimed at wearing down the batsman.
Early in his career, Lee was reported for a suspected illegal bowling action, but was cleared,[6] and was also heavily criticised after bowling a series of beamers at batsmen during a number of ODIs in 2005. Captain Ricky Ponting defended Lee saying that it was not intentional.[7][8]
Batting[link]
Lee is also a competent lower-order batsman. His aggressive style and his strong physique often yields many sixes, including one six which flew out of the Gabba into the practice nets during a Test match against the West Indies in 2005, billed as the biggest six ever hit at that ground.[citation needed]
During the 2005 Ashes series, Lee had numerous defiant innings, including a stand of 43 not out in the Second Test at Edgbaston, Australia's highest individual score in that innings. This innings nearly won the match for Australia but the other batsman Michael Kasprowicz was caught behind by Geraint Jones and England won by just two runs. After the memorable match, England bowler and captain Andrew Flintoff went over to console Lee, a moment which came to symbolise a hotly contest series.[9]
On 2 April 2006, Lee hit his highest Test score of 64 in 68 balls against South Africa at Johannesburg. His previous highest score in Tests was 62 not out which he made against the West Indies in 2000 at the Gabba. Lee nearly surpassed this score on 3 January 2008 against India when he made 59 off 121 balls. Lee had also once again nearly surpassed his highest test score when he had made 63 not out, but unfortunately Ricky Ponting had declared the innings in the 2nd test against the West Indies. As a result of this, he fell one run short of his highest test score.
Lee's highest score in ODI matches is 59 against West Indies at West Indies in March 2012.
Early career[link]
At age 16, Lee began playing first grade cricket for Campbelltown, where he managed to claim the wickets of a few New South Wales cricketers, and Mosman,[10] where at one point, he shared the new ball with Shoaib Akhtar and briefly played alongside England batsman Andrew Strauss.[11][12]
Lee was called up to the Australian Under 17 & 19 teams. In March 1994, he was forced out of the Australian under-19 team to tour India due to stress fractures in his lower back and it forced him to remodel his bowling action to minimise the impact on his back. He was awarded a scholarship to attend the AIS Australian Cricket Academy in the 1995–96 season.[13] His contemporaries included fellow internationals Jason Gillespie and Mike Hussey.[14]
Prior to making his first-class debut, Lee played for Mosman and played in the final of the 1996-97 Sydney Grade Cricket competition.[15]
Domestic career[link]
Lee has played domestic cricket for his home state team, the New South Wales Blues, since 1997. He was first named in the squad as the twelfth man for the 14–16 November match against Queensland in the 1997-98 Sheffield Shield.[16] The following week, he made his first-class debut for the Blues against Western Australia and took 3 wickets at 114, including that of the captain Tom Moody.[17] It would be his only appearance in the Sheffield Shield for the rest of the season.[18] He ended a memorable month by taking a 5-wicket haul in the Sydney grade Limited-Overs Cup final against Bankstown on 30 November.[19]
During the 1998-99 season Lee was a more regular presence in the latter stages of the Sheffield Shield. He took 14 wickets, including a 5-wicket haul against Tasmania in the second innings.[20] He started the 1999-2000 season by claiming 8 wickets in his first two matches. Such strong performances culminated in his Test debut in December 1999 and he finished the season as the Blues' second-highest wicket taker in the Pura Cup, 24 wickets in 5 matches.[21]
In 2009 he battled back from injury and was a key player in the Blues' success during the Champions League Twenty20. He was named Man of the Match in the final[22] and also won the Man of the Series award.[23]
International career[link]
One month after making his first class debut, Lee was chosen to represent the Australian A team on a tour to South Africa. He claimed two wickets but in that very match, stress fractures in his back from the previous injury had re-opened and Lee was in a back brace for over three months.
Test career[link]
By the late 1990s there were calls for Lee to be included in the national squad. Captain Steve Waugh, who also played with him for New South Wales, was impressed by Lee's debut and pushed for his inclusion into the national team. He was eventually chosen in the final 14 for the Test series against Pakistan in 1999 but failed to make the starting 11. By the time the Test series against India came around, he was twelfth man. However, he duly made his Test debut for Australia in December 1999 against the touring Indians, becoming Australia's 383rd Test cricketer.
Bowling first change, Lee took a wicket in his first over in Test cricket when he bowled Sadagoppan Ramesh with his fourth delivery. He also captured Rahul Dravid in his first spell before returning to take three wickets in six balls to finish the innings with figures of 5/47 from 17 overs.[24] Lee took thirteen wickets in his opening two Tests at the low average of 14.15.
Lee won the inaugural Donald Bradman Young Player of the Year Award at the Allan Border Medal award ceremony in 2000 soon after his debut.
Lee took 42 wickets in his opening three series, the most by any Australian bowler in the seven matches he played.[25] He was selected for the Test series against the West Indies in late 2000. During the first Test he scored his first half-century in test cricket and in the next Test, took seven wickets including a five wicket haul in the second innings.[26] However, he suffered a stress fracture of the lower back which kept him out of the next three Tests. He returned against Zimbabwe but soon suffered another setback a month later when he broke his right elbow and was sidelined until May 2001.[citation needed]
Return from injury[link]
Lee returned to the international team for the 2001 Ashes series after recovering from an elbow injury. His comeback saw less success than his debut, managing only nine wickets in five Tests at 55.11. However, Lee was back as Australia's leading wicket-taker in the first and third Test against New Zealand later that year, in a series which he captured 5 wickets in the second innings and made a contribution of 61 with the bat in the first Test match. The series ended in a 0–0 draw. He finished the series with 14 wickets at 25.14. The two home and away series against South Africa were not as productive, yielding 19 wickets in six Tests at 38.42.
Lee only took five wickets in a match on three occasions between the New Zealand series and the 2003 Cricket World Cup. Lee came under pressure for his position after taking only five wickets at 46.50 in the three-Test series against Pakistan in 2002. Andy Bichel, who was filling for the injured Jason Gillespie, took eight wickets at 13.25. With the other frontline bowlers all taking wickets at less than 13,[27] Lee was dropped when Gillespie returned for the first two Tests during the 2002–03 Ashes series. He returned for the Perth Test, after claiming a five wicket haul in a Pura Cup match against Queensland for New South Wales. He took thirteen wickets at 41.23 in three matches, compared to Bichel's ten at 35.1.[28] After the 2003 Cricket World Cup, Lee took 17 wickets at 28.88 in four Tests against the West Indies. It was the first series in two years where he averaged under 30, and only the second in that period where had averaged under 40.
After a mid year break, he participated in a Two Test series against Bangladesh in northern Australia. He took six wickets at 31.66, and was Australia's most expensive bowler, with the other specialist bowlers averaging 15.55 against the lowest ranked team in Test cricket. He followed this with six wickets at 37 in a comfortable 2–0 Test series against Zimbabwe, in which the other specialist bowlers averaged 23.15.[29]
Against the Indian batting lineup in the 2003–04 home series, which ended in a 1–1 draw for Australia, Lee was out of the first two Tests recovering from a torn abdominal muscle, an injury which he sustained during the Zimbabwe series.[30]
Loss of Test position[link]
Lee took eight wickets in over 100 overs in the final two Tests against India, at an average of 59.50. This Test included a double century to Sachin Tendulkar in the Indians' first innings of 7/705 where Sachin and V.V.S. Laxman freely attacked Lee and other bowlers in the final Test in Sydney. He ended the series with the worst average and economy rate of Australia's front line bowlers.[31]
He was subsequently replaced by fellow fast bowler Michael Kasprowicz in 2004 during the tour of Sri Lanka when Lee's ankle injury worsened, forcing him to return home to have surgery. This injury would force Lee out of the game for 4½ months to ensure his full recovery. Lee's form in the Test arena had been ineffective, and from July 2001 to January 2004, he had a Test bowling average of 38.42,[32] compared to an average of 16.07 in his earlier career.
Lee was unable to reclaim his position for eighteen months, when Kasprowicz took 47 wickets at 23.74 in thirteen Tests, taking his wickets at a much lower cost than Lee had done in the previous three years. This included 17 wickets at 26.82 on the spin friendly pitches of the Indian subcontinent, helping Australia to its first whitewash in Sri Lanka, and its first series win in India for 35 years.[33]
Test return[link]
After 18 months on the sidelines, Lee returned to the Test team in the 2005 Ashes series. With Kasprowicz and Jason Gillespie both struggling for form, Lee returned to take the new ball with Glenn McGrath. He averaged 40 with the ball for the series, which some commentators have put down to having to bowl longer spells than he was accustomed to at the time[citation needed], but was retained, in part because of his defiant batting[citation needed] which yielded runs at an average of 26.33. During the Ashes, he claimed his 150th test wicket off Andrew Strauss with a straight yorker on Day 1 of the third test.
Part of Lee's difficulty at Test level is that the benefits of his high speed, which give the batsmen less reaction time, also results in more erratic bowling. In recent times he has tried to concentrate solely on accuracy by reducing speed. During the first Test against the West Indies in late 2005 at the Gabba, after declaring that he would sacrifice pace and focus on 'line and length',[34] Lee reverted to his initial style of bowling, based on the advice of his captain Ricky Ponting after his new method of bowling failed in the first innings.[35] This saw him take 5/30 his fifth five-wicket haul in Tests, his first in four years.
In the 2005-06 Australian cricket season, Lee's Test figures improved from his 2001–04 difficulties, with a season bowling average of 25.74.
During South Africa's 2005–06 tour of Australia, Lee's form saw a steady improvement, with figures of 5/93 in the first Test at Perth. He finished the three Test series with 13 wickets and of the Australian bowlers, was second only to Shane Warne's 14 wickets in the series. Three Australian players including Lee, who was reprimanded in the Third Test in Sydney for showing dissent towards umpire Aleem Dar.[36]
With the unavailability of Glenn McGrath for the tour of South Africa in March–April 2006, Lee became the spearhead of the Australian bowling lineup.[37] In the second Test of that series, at Durban, Lee captured his 200th Test wicket in his 51st match and also captured figures of 5 for 69, on the back of 49 Test wickets in 2005.[38] He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year. He was unable to maintain his performance when Australia visited Bangladesh for a two Test series, taking two wickets at 93, coming bottom of Australia's bowling averages.[39]
In the first three tests of the 2006–07 Ashes series, he only took eight wickets and was fined for excessive appealing in the Third Test in Adelaide when a LBW decision was not in his favour.[36] However during the week period between the Adelaide and Melbourne tests, he worked with Troy Cooley, Australia's bowling coach, to adjust his run up and came back in the 4th and final tests with more wickets. He finished the series 20 wickets, with his best bowling figures being 4 for 47 at an average of 33.20, including 6 in the final test. His tally was only bettered by his teammates Stuart Clark, Shane Warne and Glenn McGrath as the quartet claimed more wickets than the entire England bowling attack combined.[40]
Post McGrath-Warne era[link]
Following the retirements of Warne and McGrath, Lee rose to the challenge and was awarded the Man of the Series in the inaugural Warne-Muralidaran Trophy, a two-Test series against Sri Lanka in late-2007. In his first series as bowling spearhead reaped 16 wickets at an average of 17.5. This was achieved by bowling 5 km/h slower to improve accuracy. In the following series Lee took 24 wickets at 22.58 in four Tests against India. In this series he overtook Jason Gillespie to become Australia's 5th highest wicket taker. His consistent efforts saw him rewarded with the Man of the Series Award for the Border-Gavaskar Trophy, 2007–08. He capped off the season by winning the Allan Border Medal, the award given to the player adjudged Australia's best international cricketer of the past year.
Lee seemed underdone in the 2008 Australian tour of the West Indies, taking only 5 wickets in the first Test match, during which he seemed exhausted. He returned to productivity, taking eight wickets in the Second test, including a 5 wicket haul, and 6 in the Third Test.
During the Indian tour, Lee picked up a stomach virus and was unable to find his best form throughout the series. Lee showed glimpses of his best form[citation needed] when the team returned to Australia for a two test series with New Zealand, but generally seemed down on pace. However, he struggled in the two tests he played of the series with South Africa, which Australia lost 2–1, likely due to a niggling ankle injury and then a stress fracture he developed during the series (both in his left foot). The fracture broke completely during the second innings of the Boxing Day Test-match and he was forced to return home for surgery.
By the time he returned to the Australian team for the Ashes in 2009, his position as spearhead had been usurped by the left armer Mitchell Johnson. Additionally, the arrival of bowlers like Peter Siddle, Ben Hilfenhaus and Doug Bollinger ensured that Lee had to fight for a position in the team. However, he took six wickets in the first innings against the England Lions team in a practice match leading up to the Ashes. Lee was the only bowler to get reverse swing in this match and appeared to be in line for selection for the First Test at Cardiff. However, he picked up a left side strain and a sore rib in this match and he was ruled out of the first three Tests. He was then overlooked for a recall and never played test cricket again, announcing his retirement from test cricket at the beginning of 2010.
Retirement[link]
Lee had been considering retiring from Test cricket for some time since 2008 due to the physical strain. In February 2010, he announced his retirement from Test cricket after consulting friend and England rival Andrew Flintoff, stating that bowling "at 150km/h for five days is very hard on the body".[9][41] He had been out with a string of injuries and had not played a Test since December 2008. He ended his Test career with 310 wickets in 76 tests, the fourth highest total behind Shane Warne, Glenn McGrath and Dennis Lillee.
One-day International career[link]
Lee made his One Day International debut for Australia against Pakistan on 9 January 2000 during the Carlton and United Breweries Series at the Gabba, Brisbane. He became the 140th ODI cricketer to represent Australia. In February 2002 against South Africa, he scored his first ODI half century, 51* not out.
In One-day Internationals, he was ranked by the ICC as the No. 1 ODI bowler in January 2006[42] and has been ranked among the top ten ODI bowlers since the start of 2003. His bowling strike rate of around 30 puts him amongst the most incisive in this form of the game. He also has a One-day International hat-trick to his name, achieved in the 2003 World Cup against Kenya. Lee was the first Australian and fourth bowler to ever achieve this feat in World Cup history.
In the matches Australia played in the 2005–06 triangular one day series, Lee gave a display of his useful batting abilities by making 57 in the second game in a 100 run partnership with Michael Hussey to pull Australia out of a middle order collapse. Lee finished the series with 15 wickets, the third highest tally behind Nathan Bracken and Muttiah Muralitharan.
His bowler-fielder partnership with long-time international teammate and wicket-keeper Adam Gilchrist yielded 58 wickets in 151 matches, the fourth highest of all time in ODI history.[43]
2003 World Cup[link]
With main bowler Shane Warne banned from the 2003 World Cup the day before the opening match, Lee moved up the pecking order and, together with Andy Bichel and Glenn McGrath, formed one of the tournament's most lethal attacks, claiming 59 wickets between them. Lee concluded the tournament with 22 wickets off 83.1 overs at an average of 17.90, a wicket behind Sri Lankan left-arm fastbowler Chaminda Vaas. Lee also had a third leading strike-rate of 22.68 behind West Indian fast bowler Vasbert Drakes and Australian counterpart Andrew Bichel who topped the strike-rates with 19.43 and 21.37 respectively. He also reached the 160 km/h mark twice; his delivery to Marvan Atapattu in the semi-final of the reached 160.1 km/h (99.5 mph)[44] and hit 160.6 km/h in his first over against England in the group stage.[45]
Lee earned six of his 22 wickets during the group stage, 11 wickets during the Super-six stage, 3 from the semi-final and 2 wickets from the final which Australia won. He took one five-wicket haul, 5 for 42, against Trans-Tasman rivals New Zealand during their super-six encounter at Port Elizabeth to put Australia ahead after a dismal innings.[46] He also earned his first international hat trick with figures of 3 for 14 against Kenya during the last match of the super-six stage.[47]
Comeback[link]
After having to return home due to injury during the 2007 World Cup, Lee was part of the successful 2009 ICC Champions Trophy squad and was level on 6 wickets with teammates Peter Siddle and Shane Watson, the highest total for the Australian team. Injuries sustained in test matches forced him out until 2011, having not played for Australia for almost two years. He played the two T20s at the MCG and the Adelaide Oval against England. In the subsequent ODI series, his return was more successful. He finished as the leading wicket-taker for the series with 11 scalps at 24.00, his series best figures of 3/27 coming in the third match at the SCG. His pace was consistently around the mid 140s km/h and on occasion he once again managed to break the 150 km/h mark.[citation needed].
Despite competition from younger bowlers and another injury setback, Lee managed to make the squad for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. He finished the tournament with 13 wickets, the highest of all the bowlers in the team. Of the 13 wickets, 4 came in the match against Pakistan but it was not enough as Australia lost the match and eventually crashed out at the semifinals to rivals India.
Against the West Indies in March 2012 he hit his highest score, 59 before getting caught off a ball by Kemar Roach.
Twenty20[link]
Lee made his Twenty20 and T20 International debut on 15 February 2005 against New Zealand in the first ever T20 international match.[48] He was called up to the squad for the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. During the tournament, he made history by claiming the first hat trick in T20 internationals in the Group F match against Bangladesh and also won the Man of the Match award.[49]
Awards[link]
- 2000 Bradman Young Cricketer of the Year
- 1999-2000 Wisden Young Cricketer of the Year
- 2002-03 VB Series Player of the Series
- 2004-05 VB Series Player of the Series
- 2005 ICC Awards - ODI Team of the Year
- 2006 Wisden Cricketer of the Year[50]
- 2006-07 DLF Cup Player of the Tournament
- 2006 ICC Awards - ODI Team of the Year
- Australia's Greatest ODI XI[51]
- 2007 Warne-Muralitharan Trophy Player of the Series
- 2007-08 Border-Gavaskar Trophy Player of the Series
- 2008 McGilvray Medal[52][53]
- 2008 Australian Test Player of the Year[54]
- 2008 Allan Border Medal[54][55]
- 2008 ICC Awards - ODI Team of the Year
- 2008 ICC Awards - Test Team of the Year
- 2009 Champions League Twenty20 Player of the Series
Career highlights[link]
Tests[link]
- Lee's best Test bowling figures of five for 30 came against the West Indies at The Gabba, Brisbane in 2005
- Lee's 100th wicket was Marcus Trescothick in his 27th Test against England at Sydney in 2003
- Lee took his 200th wicket, Mark Boucher, in his 51st Test against South Africa at Durban in 2006
- His best Test batting score of 64 was made against South Africa, Johannesburg, 2006
- He made his 1,000th Test run in his 53rd Test against Bangladesh at Fatullah in 2006
- Lee's 250th wicket was Anil Kumble in his 62nd Test against India at Melbourne in 2007
- Lee's 300th wicket was Jamie How in his 73rd Test against New Zealand at Brisbane on 22 November 2008
One-day Internationals[link]
ODI Debut: vs Pakistan, Gabba, Brisbane, 1999–00
- His best ODI bowling figures of five for 22 came against South Africa, Melbourne
- Lee's best ODI batting score of 59 was made against WEST INDIES CRICKET TEAM, WEST INDIES; 2012, Gabba, 2005–06
- Lee's 100th ODI wicket was Andrew Caddick, against England at the M.C.G. in 2003
- Lee's 200th wicket was Marcus Trescothick, against England at Lord's in 2005
- Lee's 300th wicket was Darren Sammy, against West Indies at St George's in 2008
- Lee's 350th wicket was Nuwan Kulasekara, against Sri Lanka at Kandy in 2011 thus becoming just the second bowler in Australian History to get 350 Wickets.
- Lee is the first (and currently the only) bowler to take 5 wickets twice in One Day Internationals played at Lord's [56]
Other[link]
- Lee was the first player in Twenty20 International cricket to take a hat-trick.[57]
- Soon after Lee was selected for Australia, a racing greyhound was named after him and was regarded as one of the best greyhounds in Australian history after winning 31 of 39 races and breaking six track records before its death in August 2010 [58]
Personal life[link]
Lee is the second of three sons born to Bob, a metallurgist, and Helen (née Buxton), a piano teacher.[14] His older brother Shane is a retired all rounder and former international and younger brother Grant previously played cricket for New South Wales U-19, and is now an accountant.[citation needed] Lee attended Balarang Public School and Oak Flats High School, which later named its cricket ground in his honour.
The brothers first played cricket together in front of their house using a tennis ball and the garage door as the "wicket-keeper".[59] As a child he idolised Allan Donald and Dennis Lillee, the latter of whom would become a mentor to him as a teenager.[14]
Lee has been known by his nickname 'Bing', after the chain of electronics store Bing Lee, since his high school days.[14] He was once briefly nicknamed 'Oswald' by former Australian captain and New South Wales teammate Steve Waugh during his early international career. During an ODI around 2000, he was in the batting order behind his brother Shane and Ian Harvey. When Waugh read out the batting order, instead of reading "Lee, Harvey, Lee", he read out "Lee, Harvey, Oswald" (Lee Harvey Oswald).[60]
Lee married Elizabeth Kemp in June 2006. They have a son named Preston Charles, born 16 November 2006. However, after two years of marriage, on 21 August 2008, Lee confirmed his separation from Kemp.[61] They divorced in 2009. At the time of the split, media speculation cited Kemp was having an affair with a rugby player in Brisbane; however, this was later disputed, with extended periods of loneliness due to Lee's off-season commitments keeping him away from Kemp and his young son Preston given as the reason for the marriage breakdown.[62]
Lee is part of the rock band Six & Out. The band is made up of his brother Shane and former New South Wales cricketers Brad McNamara, Gavin Robertson and Richard Chee Quee. Lee plays the bass guitar or acoustic guitar for the band.[63]
During the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy in India, Lee wrote the lyrics for You're the One For Me and recorded it with Indian singer Asha Bhosle. The song reached a peak position of number two on the Indian and South African charts.[64] In 2008, he filmed scenes for his first Bollywood movie Victory.[65][66]
In November 2011, Lee launched his autobiography, which he wrote with the help of author James Knight.[67][68]
Endorsements[link]
Lee's sponsorship deals include the breakfast cereal Weet-Bix (which at one time were marketed as "Brett-Bix"),[69] Gatorade and Volkswagen, of which Lee has two vehicles.[70]
On the field sponsorship includes uvex Safety Eyewear.[citation needed] He is currently not sponsored by any cricket equipment manufacturer. Travelex has also developed the game Brett Lee's Backyard Cricket in which a caricature of Lee is featured.
Owing to Lee's popularity in India,[71] he has a number of major sponsorship deals there, including for Timex watches, New Balance shoes, Boost energy drink and TVS Motor Company.[citation needed]
In 2001 Lee launched his own fashion label 'BL'.
Charity work[link]
Lee supports a number of charities including the Salvation Army, the Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA) and the Make a Wish Foundation, in which Lee was named an 'Official Friend' in honour of his long-standing association with the foundation. He began supporting ADRA along with his brother Shane when a close friend committed suicide.[72]
Mewsic Foundation[link]
In 2007, Lee initiated Mewsic, a charitable foundation in India. Mewsic aims to facilitate the involvement of disadvantaged young people in music. Mewsic aims to ensure that music is widely recognised as a powerful tool to heal, empower, educate, and advocate for marginalized children in India. Mewsic has established six centres of music across India.[73]
References[link]
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- ^ "2nd Test: Australia v India at Melbourne, Dec 26–30, 1999". espncricinfo. http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63866.html. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
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- ^ "England in Australia, 2002–03 Test Series Averages". Cricinfo. 16 April 2007. http://www.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/2002-03/ENG_IN_AUS/STATS/ENG_IN_AUS_OCT2002-JAN2003_TEST_AVS.html.
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- ^ "I'm There To Bowl Fast – Lee". Cricinfo. http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/224280.html.
- ^ a b "2006: Penalties imposed on players for breaches of ICC Code of Conduct". International Cricket Council. http://www.icc-cricket.com/icc/rules/penalties/2006.html. Retrieved 30 January 2007.
- ^ "Lee The Leader Ready For Life Without McGrath". Cricino. http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/238320.html.
- ^ 2005 Calendar Year Test Bowling – Most Wickets, from Cricinfo, retrieved 26 June 2006
- ^ Australia in Bangladesh, 2005–06 Test Series Averages. Cricinfo. Retrieved 26 April 2007.
- ^ The Ashes 06/07 Statistics. Cricketworld. Retrieved 31 January 2007.
- ^ "Andrew Flintoff convinces Brett Lee to call stumps". Sydney Morning Herald. 23 February 2010. http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cricket/freddie-convinces-lee-to-call-stumps-20100222-orxr.html.
- ^ Lee, Gilchrist Top ICC ODI Rankings. Rediff. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
- ^ Records - One-day Internationals - Bowling Records
- ^ "Australia v Sri Lanka at Port Elizabeth, 18 March 2003. Ball-by-Ball Commentary". cricinfo.com. http://ind.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/WORLD_CUPS/WC2003/SCORECARDS/FINALS/AUS_SL_WC2003_ODI-SEMI1_18MAR2003_BBB-COMMS.html. Retrieved 10 August 2006.
- ^ "England v Australia: Over-by-over". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2810000/newsid_2810700/2810779.stm.
- ^ "Lee rises to challenge". BBC Sport. 11 March 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2840000/newsid_2841100/2841103.stm.
- ^ "Australia made to fight all the way for victory over spirited Kenyans". Cricinfo. 15 March 2003. http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/130456.html.
- ^ New Zealand v Australia, Feb 17, 2005
- ^ "A hat-trick hero and second chances". Cricinfo. 16 September 2007. http://www.espncricinfo.com/twenty20wc/content/story/311247.html.
- ^ Wisden's Five Cricketers of the Year
- ^ "Steve Waugh captains greatest XI". Cricinfo. 27 February 2007. http://www.espncricinfo.com/australia/content/story/281759.html.
- ^ "Lee wins McGilvray Medal". ABC News. 25 January 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-01-25/lee-wins-mcgilvray-medal/1023298.
- ^ "Lee takes out top honour". ABC News. 25 January 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-01-25/lee-takes-out-top-honour/1023504.
- ^ a b "Lee wins Allan Border Medal". Fox Sports. 26 February 2008. http://www.foxsports.com.au/story/0,8659,23281911-23212,00.html. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
- ^ "Lee wins Allan Border Medal". Sydney Morning Herald. 26 February 2008. http://www.smh.com.au/news/cricket/brett-lee-wins-allan-border-medal/2008/02/26/1203788348767.html.
- ^ "Bowling records | One-Day Internationals | Cricinfo Statsguru | ESPN Cricinfo". Stats.cricinfo.com. http://stats.cricinfo.com/ci/engine/stats/index.html?class=2;filter=advanced;ground=10;orderby=start;template=results;type=bowling;view=innings;wicketsmin1=5;wicketsval1=wickets. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ T20 Hat-tricks: List of Hat-tricks in Twenty20 Internationals The hat-trick by Tim Southee Retrieved 18 March 2011
- ^ "Lost and Fond – tribute to Brett Lee". Caittom Publishing. http://www.lostandfond.co.uk/pet-tribute/brett-lee/pedrana/730. Retrieved 1 November 2010.
- ^ Cannane, Steve (2009). First Tests: Great Australian Cricketers and the Backyards That Made Them. ISBN 978-0-7333-2906-7.
- ^ "Ask Steven: Run out on debut, and cricketing families". Cricinfo. 8 June 2010. http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/462296.html.
- ^ "Lee rules himself out of Bangladesh series | Cricket News | Australia v Bangladesh 2008 | ESPN Cricinfo". Content-aus.cricinfo.com. http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ausvbdesh/content/current/story/365600.html. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Brett Rocks The House!. Indiatimes.com. Retrieved 25 June 2006.
- ^ "Cricket paceman bowls into charts". BBC Sport. 12 January 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6256115.stm.
- ^ Brett Lee to star in Bollywood film on cricket[dead link]
- ^ "Brett Lee to sing for Victory as well". In.movies.yahoo.com. 1976-11-08. http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news-detail/15504/Brett-Lee-sing-Victory.html. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ^ "Brett Lee unveils new autobiography". Illawarra Mercury. 4 November 2011. http://www.illawarramercury.com.au/news/local/news/general/brett-lee-unveils-new-autobiography/2346373.aspx.
- ^ "Brett Lee releases life story". ABC. 3 November 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2011/11/03/3354938.htm.
- ^ More Cricketers Hit Sixes In Earnings. theage.com.au. Retrieved 15 March 2007.
- ^ Brett Lee Chooses Golf GTI. nextcar.com.au. Retrieved 8 March 2006.
- ^ "World's Apart". Cricinfo. September 2005. http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdencricketer/content/story/217366.html.
- ^ Batting For At-Risk Youth Signsofthetimes.org.au Retrieved 26 June 2006.
- ^ [2]. Mewsic.in. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
External links[link]
| Preceded by Ricky Ponting |
Allan Border Medal winner 2008 |
Succeeded by Michael Clarke Ricky Ponting |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lee, Brett |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Cricketer |
| Date of birth | 8 November 1976 |
| Place of birth | Wollongong, New South Wales |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Brett_Lee
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Brett Lee
http://hi.wn.com/ब्रेट ली
http://pl.wn.com/Brett Lee
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brett_Lee
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
