Thursday, 24 February 2011

Rowlatt Act

The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British in colonial India in March 1919, indefinitely extending "emergency measures" (of the Defence of India Regulations Act) enacted during the First World War in order to control public unrest and root out conspiracy. Passed on the recommendations of the Rowlatt commission, named for its president, British judge Sir Sidney Rowlatt, this act effectively authorized the government to imprison for a maximum period of two years, without trial, any person suspected of terrorism living in the Raj. The Rowlatt Act gave British imperial authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities.

Mohandas Gandhi, among other Indian leaders, was extremely critical of the Act and argued that not everyone should be punished in response to isolated political crimes. The Act led to indignation from Indian leaders and the public, which caused the government to implement repressive measures. Gandhi and others found that constitutional opposition to the measure was fruitless, so on April 6, a "hartal" was organized where Indians would suspend all business and fast as a sign of their hatred for the legislation. This event is known as the Rowlatt satyagraha.

However, the success of the hartal in Delhi, on 30 March, was overshadowed by tensions running high, which resulted in rioting in the Punjab and other provinces. Deciding that Indians were not ready to make a stand consistent with the principle of ahimsa (non-violence), an integral part of satyagraha, Gandhi suspended the resistance.

The Rowlatt Act came into effect in March 1919. In the Punjab the protest movement was very strong, and on April 10, two outstanding leaders of the congress, Dr. Satya Pal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew, were arrested and taken to an unknown place.

A protest was held in Amritsar, which led to the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919.

Accepting the report of the Repressive Laws Committee, the Government of India repealed the Rowlatt Act, the Press Act and twenty-two other laws in March 1922.

References

Tamilians are the first martyrs of Indias freedom struggle. [Part-3] Tamil Speech by SVRamani. In Tamilnadu Rajaji violated the salt laws at Vedaranyam . From Trichi nearly 100 patriots headed by Rajaji marched to Vedaranyam. Leaders like Sardar Vedharatanam Pillai, TSSRajan, Srimathi Ruckmani Lakshmipathy took part in this salt satyagraha. It created awareness among the people against the British Government. Many people like Rajaji, K.Kamaraj were arrested when they disobeyed the British government . No Tax Campaign was also conducted in many parts of Tamilnadu. At Tirupur on 11th January As per the directions of Gandhiji individual satyagraha was followed by the leaders of Tamilnadu. Many young leaders like Adikeasava Naicker, Salem Adi Narayana chettiar, Guruswamy naidu, K.Kamaraj, Omandoor Ramasamy Reddiar, Baktavatsalam, C.Subramaniyam and R.Venkatraman participated in the freedom movement. Quit India movement: The resolution of Quit India movement was passed at Bombay congress session in 1942. On the advice of Gandhiji many leaders like K.Kamaraj participated in the movement. Leaders like Muthuranga Mudaliar, Baktavatsalam and R.Venkataraman were arrested. .Civil Disobedience Movement Salt Satyagraha: on March 1930, Gandhiji violated the salt laws, the police attacked a procession carrying National flags and singing national songs . As a result of the lathi charge, Tirupur Kumaran, a freedom fighter sacrificed his life. He demonstrated his patriotism by firmly ...

Reporter Raju(1962)Aur Upar seh Sharmata Hai!

Order: Reorder
Duration: 10:47
Published: 2009-05-29
Uploaded: 2010-11-24
Author: mamtashastradhody

en.wikipedia.org Before 1930, few Indian political parties had openly embraced the goal of political independence from the United Kingdom. The All India Home Rule League had been advocating Home Rule for India: dominion status within the British Empire, as granted to Australia, Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, New Zealand, and South Africa. The All India Muslim League favored dominion status as well, and opposed calls for outright Indian independence. The Indian Liberal Party, by far the most pro-British, explicitly opposed India's independence and even dominion status if it weakened India's links with the British Empire. The Indian National Congress, the largest Indian political party of the time, was at the head of the national debate. Veteran Congress leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Motilal Nehru and Bipin Chandra Pal had opposed explicit Indian independence from the Empire[citation needed]. Following the 1919 Amritsar Massacre, there was considerable public outrage against British rule. Europeans, civilians and officials, were targets and victims of violence across India. In 1920, Gandhi and the Congress committed themselves to Swaraj, described as political and spiritual independence. At the time, Gandhi described this as the basic demand of all Indians; he specifically said that the question of whether India would remain within the Empire or leave it completely, would be answered by the behavior and response of the British ...

Tamilians are the first martyrs of Indias freedom struggle [Part 2]

Order: Reorder
Duration: 10:00
Published: 2009-09-25
Uploaded: 2010-08-25
Author: jollyboy26

Tamilians are the first martyrs of Indias freedom struggle. [Part-2] Tamil Speech by SVRamani. In the part Two, I am explaining about the Non Co-operation Movement and the further consequences in Tamil Nadu. The people of Tamilnadu were angry with the British Government because of the Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh tragedy which occurred in 1919. Gandhiji moved the Non Co-operation resolution at Nagpur Congress session. It was presided by C.Vijayaraghava Chariyar, eminent Nationalist of Tamilnadu. Rajaji acted as the Lieutenent of Gandhiji. He along with Sathyamurthy and EVRamaswamy Naicker led the non co-operation movement. Events of the non co-operation movement: Rajaji was arrested and imprisoned in Vellore jail. Agitations occurred in different places. The leaders and the people boycotted the courts and the government offices. When the Prince of Wales visited Madras in 1921, his visit was boycotted by the congress leaders like Rajaji and Periyar. Agitations infront of toddy and arrack shops were held in various places of Tamilnadu. Boycott of Simmon commission: Under the leadership of Sathyamurthy Simon commission was boycotted because there was no Indian member in it. In 1927, the congress volunteers organised a Satyagraha for the removal of the Statue of Colonel Neill (a tyrant of the 1857 Rebellion) erected at Madras. Many were arrested. You can hear the remaining story of Tamil Nadu in the freedom struggle of India from the notorious British Rulers, through the ...

C4 9/11 Special (3)

Order: Reorder
Duration: 8:46
Published: 2009-09-08
Uploaded: 2011-01-02
Author: hijazna

Channel 4 News special on a terrorist attack on the USA when four hijacked planes were flown into the World Trade Center in New York, The Pentagon in Washington and one crashed in Pittsburgh. MS Fire engine along PAN Vox pops SOT Florida: INT George Bush (US President) speech during school visit SOT - have spoken to Vice President, Governor of NY, Director of FBI and ordered full resources of govt go to help victims and their families and conduct a full scale investigation to hunt down those folks who committed this act/ terrorism against our nation will not stand Washington: EXT People running from Pentagon building LA LMS Security men on roof of White House Policewoman running across grass TGV Evacuated staff gathering outside Pentagon PAN TLMS Dome of Capitol building obscured by smoke Louisiana: INT George Bush (US President) press conference SOT - freedom was attacked by faceless coward/ freedom will be defended/ full resources of federal govt are working to assist local authorities to save lives and help victims of these attacks PERU: GV Powell press conference Colin Powell (US Secretary of State) press conference SOT - they can destroy buildings, they can kill people, we are sad by this tragedy but they will never be allowed to kill the spirit of democracy/ they cannot destroy our belief in the democratic way USA: Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh: EXT Helicopoter flying in to scene of plane crash in wooded area Emergency service workers at scene GV Woodland Emergency ...