Shinzō Abe

In this Japanese name, the family name is "Abe".

Shinzō Abe 安倍 晋三
Prime Minister of Japan
Incumbent
Assumed office 26 December 2012
Monarch	Akihito
Deputy	Tarō Asō
Preceded by	Yoshihiko Noda
In office 26 September 2006 – 26 September 2007
Monarch	Akihito
Preceded by	Junichiro Koizumi
Succeeded by	Yasuo Fukuda
President of the Liberal Democratic Party
Incumbent
Assumed office 26 September 2012
Deputy	Masahiko Kōmura
Preceded by	Sadakazu Tanigaki
In office 20 September 2006 – 26 September 2007
Preceded by	Junichiro Koizumi
Succeeded by	Yasuo Fukuda
Chief Cabinet Secretary
In office 31 October 2005 – 26 September 2006
Prime Minister	Junichiro Koizumi
Preceded by	Hiroyuki Hosoda
Succeeded by	Yasuhisa Shiozaki
Personal details
Born	(1954-09-21) 21 September 1954 Nagato, Japan
Political party	Liberal Democratic Party
Spouse(s)	Akie Matsuzaki
Alma mater	Seikei University University of Southern California
Religion	Shinto

Shinzō Abe (安倍 晋三, Abe Shinzō, [abe ɕinzoː] ( listen); born 21 September 1954) is the current Prime Minister of Japan, in office since 2012.

A Japanese politician, he has been President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the chairman of the Oyagaku propulsion parliamentary group. Abe was the 90th Prime Minister of Japan, elected by a special session of the National Diet on 26 September 2006. He was then Japan's youngest post–World War II prime minister and the first born after the war. He served as prime minister for less than a year, resigning on 12 September 2007. He was replaced by Yasuo Fukuda, beginning a string of Prime Ministers who did not maintain the position for more than one year. On 26 September 2012, Abe defeated former Minister of Defense Shigeru Ishiba in a run-off vote to win the LDP presidential election.

Abe became the Prime Minister again following the LDP's landslide victory in the 2012 general election with a government on 26 December 2012.

Early life

Abe was born in Nagato, Yamaguchi, and soon moved to Tokyo. He attended Seikei Elementary School and Seikei High School. He studied political science at Seikei University, graduating in 1977. He later moved to the United States and studied public policy at the University of Southern California's School of Public Policy. In April 1979, Abe began working for Kobe Steel. He left the company in 1982 and pursued a number of governmental positions including executive assistant to the Minister for Foreign Affairs, private secretary to the chairperson of the LDP General Council, and private secretary to the LDP secretary-general.

Abe was born into a political family of significance. His grandfather, Kan Abe, and father, Shintaro Abe, were both politicians. Abe's mother, Yoko Kishi, is the daughter of Nobusuke Kishi, prime minister of Japan from 1957 to 1960. Kishi had been a member of the Tōjō Cabinet during the Second World War. Since GHQ's policy changed and became more anti-communist, Kishi was released from Sugamo Prison, and later established the Japan Democratic Party. In 1950 Shigeru Yoshida's Liberal Party and Kishi's Democratic Party merged as an anti-leftist coalition and became the Liberal Democratic Party of today.

Member of House of Representatives

Shinzo Abe (right), as Chief Cabinet Secretary, meets with U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick in January 2006.

Shinzō Abe was elected to the first district of Yamaguchi Prefecture in 1993 after his father's death in 1991, winning the most votes of the four Representatives elected in the SNTV multi-member district. In 1999, he became Director of the Social Affairs Division, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Yoshirō Mori and Junichiro Koizumi Cabinets from 2000–2003, after which he was appointed Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Abe is a member of the Mori Faction (formally, the Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyū-kai) of the Liberal Democratic Party. This faction is headed by former prime minister Yoshirō Mori. Junichiro Koizumi was a member of the Mori Faction prior to leaving it, as is the custom when accepting a high party post. From 1986 to 1991, Abe's father, Shintaro, headed the same faction. The Seiwa Seisaku Kenkyū-kai has 60 members in the House of Representatives and 26 in the House of Councillors.

In 2000 Abe's home and the office of his supporters in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, were attacked with molotov cocktails on numerous occasions. The perpetrators were several yakuza members belonging to the Kudo-kai, a Kitakyushu-based designated boryokudan syndicate. The reason for the attacks was believed to be that Abe's local aide refused to give cash to a Shimonoseki real estate broker in return for supporting a Shimonoseki mayoral candidate in 1999.

Abe was chief negotiator for the Japanese government on behalf of the families of Japanese abductees taken to North Korea. As a part of the effort, he accompanied Koizumi to meet Kim Jong‑il in 2002. He gained national popularity when he demanded that Japanese abductees visiting Japan remain, in defiance of North Korea.

On 31 October 2005, he was nominated Chief Cabinet Secretary of the fifth Koizumi Cabinet, succeeding Hiroyuki Hosoda.

He was the leader of a project team within the LDP that did a survey on "excessive sexual education and gender-free education". Among the items to which this team raised objections were anatomical dolls and other curricular materials "not taking into consideration the age of children", school policies banning traditional boys' and girls' festivals, and mixed-gender physical education. The team sought to provide contrast to the Democratic Party of Japan, which it alleged supported such policies.

On 20 September 2006, Abe was elected as the president of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party. His chief competitors for the position were Sadakazu Tanigaki and Taro Aso. Yasuo Fukuda was a leading early contender but ultimately chose not to run. Former Prime Minister Yoshirō Mori, to whose faction both Abe and Fukuda belonged, stated that the faction strongly leant toward Abe.

On 26 September 2006 Abe was elected prime minister with 339 of 475 votes in the Diet's lower house and a firm majority in the upper house.

First term as Prime Minister

Abe, elected at age 52, in 2006, was the youngest prime minister since Fumimaro Konoe in 1941.

Domestic policy

Economy

Abe expressed a general commitment to the fiscal reforms instituted by his predecessor, Junichiro Koizumi. He has taken some steps toward balancing the Japanese budget, such as appointing a tax policy expert, Koji Omi, as Minister of Finance. Omi has previously supported increases in the national consumption tax, although Abe has distanced himself from this policy and seeks to achieve much of his budget balancing through spending cuts.

Education

Since 1997, as the bureau chief of "Institute of Junior Assembly Members Who Think About The Outlook of Japan and History Education", Abe supported the controversial Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform and the New History Textbook. He denies the abduction of comfort women by Japanese troops, claims that a history textbook must contribute to the formation of national consciousness, and cites South Korean criticism of the New History Textbook as foreign interference in Japanese domestic affairs.

In March 2007, Abe along with right-wing politicians have proposed a bill to encourage nationalism and a "love for one's country and hometown" among the Japanese youth.^{[citation needed]}

Imperial household

Abe holds conservative views in the Japanese imperial succession controversy, and has said he opposes amending Japanese law to permit female blood lines to succeed the imperial family. Succession of the imperial family by the female blood line should not be confused with ascension of a woman to the Chrysanthemum Throne as Empress.^{[citation needed]}

Foreign policy

Shinzō Abe at APEC 2006, with then U.S. President George W. Bush and President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea.

North Korea

Shinzō Abe has generally taken a hard-line stance with respect to North Korea, especially regarding the North Korean abductions of Japanese citizens.

In 2002 negotiations between Japan and North Korea, Prime Minister Koizumi and General Secretary Kim Jong-il agreed to give abductees permission to visit Japan. A few weeks into the visit, the Japanese government decided that the abductees would be restricted from returning to North Korea where their families live. Abe took credit for this policy decision in his best-selling book, Toward a Beautiful Nation (美しい国へ, Utsukushii kuni e). North Korea criticized this Japanese decision as a breach of a diplomatic promise, and the negotiations aborted.

On 7 July 2006, North Korea conducted missile tests over the Sea of Japan. Abe, as Chief Cabinet Secretary, cooperated with Foreign Minister Taro Aso to seek sanctions against North Korea in the United Nations Security Council.^{[citation needed]}

China, South Korea, and Taiwan

Abe has publicly recognized the need for improved relations with the People's Republic of China and, along with Foreign Minister Taro Aso, seeks an eventual summit meeting with Chinese paramount leader Hu Jintao. Abe has also said that China–Japan relations should not continue to be based on emotions.

On 4 August 2006, the Japanese media reported that Shinzō Abe had visited the Yasukuni Shrine (a shrine that includes convicted Class A war criminals in its honored war dead) in April of that year. Abe claimed the visit was of a personal and non-official nature, as Former Prime Minister Koizumi has in the past. The Chinese and South Korean governments expressed concern over the visit. Both Abe and Foreign Minister Taro Aso have stated that any visits to Yasukuni are a domestic matter. Abe visited the Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery on 15 August 2007 and abstained from visiting the Yasukuni shrine.

Moreover, Abe is respected among politicians in Taiwan who are part of the Pan-Green Coalition seeking Taiwanese independence. Chen Shui-bian welcomed Abe's ministership. Part of Abe's appeal in Taiwan is historical: his grandfather Nobusuke Kishi was pro-Taiwan, and his great-uncle Eisaku Satō was the last prime minister to visit Taiwan while in office.

Abe has expressed the need to strengthen political, security, and economic ties within the Southeast Asian region. Abe has increased its allies in its international campaign to counter the North Korean nuclear cards. So far, Abe has successfully visited the Philippines and Indonesia, and although China is not within the Southeast Asian region, Japan has also sought for their support.

India

Shinzō Abe's three-day visit to India in August 2007 was said to be the start of a new Asian alliance, building on the long history of strong, friendly bilateral relations enjoyed by India and Japan. Abe proposed a "Broader Asia" alliance of democracies as a counterweight to China's growing influence in the realm of economics and military power.^{[citation needed]} Abe's initiative was seen to be the "fifth" bilateral link in this emerging scenario whereas the U.S.-Australia, U.S.-Japan, Japan-Australia, and U.S.-India links are already established. A sixth link of the India-Australia is said to be the logical corollary in an attempt to create a new quadrilateral of military cooperation which China has labeled the "Asian NATO".

Abe's India foreign policy was pragmatic, as it was based on boosting Japan's resurgent economic indicators, while gaining a crucial partner in Asia. India, alone amongst all major Asian countries, does not have a history of serious military dispute with Japan. During World War II, Japan became involved in the Indian freedom struggle through supporting Subhas Chandra Bose (a.k.a. Netaji) in order to mould large numbers of Indian British army deserters into the Indian National Army. This, coupled with the lone dissenting judgement by the Indian judge Radhabinod Pal during the War Crime tribunal of Japanese Class A war criminals and the cultural impact of Buddhism, which originated in India, has endeared India to the Japanese.

Defense

Abe also sought to revise or broaden the interpretation of Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution in order to permit Japan to maintain de jure military forces. He had stated that "we are reaching the limit in narrowing down differences between Japan's security and the interpretation of our constitution". During his first period as prime minister he upgraded the Japan Defense Agency to full ministry status.

Like his predecessors, he supported the Japanese alliance with the United States.

Unpopularity and sudden resignation

Main article: Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) leadership election, 2007

After Agricultural Minister Toshikatsu Matsuoka committed suicide, Abe's approval rating remained below 30% for months according to opinion polls of Jiji Press. Abe's ruling Liberal Democratic Party suffered great losses in the upper house election. Another agricultural minister, Norihiko Akagi, who was involved in a political funding scandal, resigned after the election.

In an attempt to revive his administration, Abe announced a new cabinet on 27 August 2007. However, the new agricultural minister Takehiko Endo, involved in a finance scandal, resigned only 7 days later.

On 12 September 2007, only three days after a new parliamentary session had begun, Abe announced his intention to resign his position as prime minister at an unscheduled press conference. Abe said his unpopularity was hindering the passage of an anti-terrorism law, involving among other things Japan's continued military presence in Afghanistan. Party officials also said the embattled prime minister was suffering from poor health. On 26 September 2007 Abe officially ended his term as Yasuo Fukuda became the new Prime Minister of Japan.

Return as Prime Minister

On 26 September 2012, Abe won election to again become president of the opposition Liberal Democratic Party. A record number of five candidates ran in the presidential election. He had taken a tough stance against China in the Senkaku Islands dispute. Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda dissolved the house on 16 November 2012 for an early election, and under the leadership of Abe the LDP won an absolute majority in the December 16, 2012 general election.

On 26 December 2012, Abe was elected Prime Minister by the Diet in a landslide victory, winning the support of 328 members of the 480-seat lower house. Abe's first priority will be to revive the weak Japanese economy."With the strength of my entire cabinet, I will implement bold monetary policy, flexible fiscal policy and a growth strategy that encourages private investment, and with these three policy pillars, achieve results," said Abe at a news conference following his victory. Abe has also said he is in favour of building Japan's nuclear reactors following the Fukushima disaster, and has also announced plans to strengthen relations with the United States.

Politics and philosophy

View on history

Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, then Chief Cabinet Secretary, with a group of students from Harvard University. His future Chief Cabinet Secretary Yasuhisa Shiozaki (himself a graduate of Harvard University) is standing to his left.

Abe is best known as a right-wing nationalist. BBC described him as "far more right wing than most of his predecessors." Since 1997, as the bureau chief of the 'Institute of Junior Assembly Members Who Think About the Outlook of Japan and History Education', Abe led the Japanese Society for History Textbook Reform. On his official homepage he questions the extent to which coercion was applied toward the Comfort Women, dismissing Korean "revisionism" as foreign interference in Japanese domestic affairs. In a Diet session on 6 October 2006, Abe revised his statement regarding comfort women, and said that he accepted the report issued in 1993 by the sitting cabinet secretary, Yōhei Kōno, where the Japanese government officially acknowledged the issue. Later in the session, Abe stated his belief that Class A war criminals are not criminals under Japan's domestic law.

In a meeting of the Lower House Budget Committee in February 2006, Shinzō Abe said, 'There is a problem as to how to define aggressive wars; we cannot say it is decided academically', and 'It is not the business of the government to decide how to define the last world war. I think we have to wait for the estimation of historians'. However, on a TV program in July 2006 he denied that Manchukuo was a puppet state.

Abe published a book called Toward a Beautiful Nation (美しい国へ, Utsukushii kuni e) in July 2006, which became a bestseller in Japan. In this book, he says that Class A war criminals (those charged with crimes against peace) who were adjudicated in the Tokyo Tribunal after World War II were not war criminals in the eye of domestic law.^{[citation needed]} The Korean and Chinese governments, as well as noted academics and commentators, have voiced concern about Abe's historical views.

In March 2007, in response to a United States Congress resolution by Mike Honda, Abe denied any government coercion in the recruitment of comfort women during World War II, in line with a statement made almost ten years before on the same issue, in which Abe voiced his opposition to the inclusion of the subject of military prostitution in several school textbooks and then denied any coercion in the "narrow" sense of the word, environmental factors notwithstanding.

However, it provoked negative reaction from Asian and Western countries, for example, a New York Times editorial on 6 March 2007:

What part of 'Japanese Army sex slaves' does Japan's prime minister, Shinzo Abe, have so much trouble understanding and apologizing for? ... These were not commercial brothels. Force, explicit and implicit, was used in recruiting these women. What went on in them was serial rape, not prostitution. The Japanese Army's involvement is documented in the government's own defense files. A senior Tokyo official more or less apologized for this horrific crime in 1993...Yesterday, [Abe] grudgingly acknowledged the 1993 quasi-apology, but only as part of a pre-emptive declaration that his government would reject the call, now pending in the United States Congress, for an official apology. America isn't the only country interested in seeing Japan belatedly accept full responsibility. Korea and China are also infuriated by years of Japanese equivocations over the issue.

A Washington Post editorial, "Shinzo Abe's Double Talk" (24 March 2007), also criticized him: "he's passionate about Japanese victims of North Korea—and blind to Japan's own war crimes".

Response to mass media

Abe campaigning in 2010

The Asahi Shimbun also accused Abe and Shōichi Nakagawa of censoring a 2001 NHK program concerning "The Women's International War Crimes Tribunal". The "tribunal" was a private committee to adjudicate comfort women; about 5,000 people including 64 casualties from Japan and abroad attended. The committee members, who claimed to be specialists of international law, claimed that Emperor Hirohito and the Japanese government were responsible for the use of comfort women. The TV program, however, did not mention the full name of the tribunal and keywords such as 'Japanese troops' or 'sexual slavery', and it also cut the sight of the tribunal, the host grouping, statements of the organizer, and the judgement itself. Instead, it presented criticism against the tribunal by a right-wing academic and his statement that 'there was no abduction of sex slaves and they were prostitutes'.

On the day following the Asahi Shimbun report, Akira Nagai, the chief producer and primary person responsible for the program, held a press conference and ensured the report of the Asahi Shimbun. Abe stated that the content "had to be broadcasted from a neutral point of view" and "what I did is not to give political pressure". Abe said "It was a political terrorism by Asahi Shimbun and it was tremendously clear that they had intention to inhume me and Mr. Nakagawa politically, and it is also clear that it was complete fabrication." He also characterized the tribunal as a "mock trial" and raised objection to the presence of North Korean prosecutors singling them out as agents of North Korean government. Abe's actions in the NHK incident have been criticized as being both illegal (violating the Broadcast Law) and unconstitutional (violating the Japanese Constitution).

A news program aired on TBS on 21 July 2006 about a secret biological weapons troop of Imperial Japanese Army called 'Unit 731', along with a picture panel of Shinzō Abe, who has no relation to the report. Abe said in a press conference, "It is a truly big problem if they want to injure my political life". The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications inquired into fact relevance and stated that there had been an omission in editing the TV program fairly, making an administrative direction of exceptional stringent warning based upon Broadcast Law.

On 24 October 2006, a report emerged that Abe's new administration had called on the NHK to "pay attention" to the North Korean abductees issue. Critics, some even within Abe's own LDP party, charged that the government was violating freedom of expression by meddling in the affairs of the public broadcaster.

In December 2006, it was revealed that former Prime-Minister Junichiro Koizumi's government, in which Abe was Chief Cabinet Secretary, had influenced town hall style meetings, during which paid performers would ask government officials favorable questions.

On 22 November 2012, it was reported that Tokyo Broadcasting System (TBS) early morning TV show "Asazuba" accidentally displayed Abe's photo alongside a news report about an NHK announcer's arrest for a sex offense. Despite having no relation to the incident whatsoever, Abe's face filled viewers' screens along with the name of NHK announcer Takeshige Morimoto, who anchors NHK's "Ohayo Nippon" program on Saturday and Sunday. Morimoto was arrested for allegedly groping a woman on the train. Abe posted on his public Facebook page "This morning on the TBS show 'Asazuba,' when a newscaster reported on a story regarding the apprehension of a molester, a photo of me was shown. Images of this blunder can now be seen clearly across the Internet, Have the slander campaigns already begun!? If this were merely an accident, it would be proper for the TV station to give me a personal apology, but as of yet I haven't heard a single word." The newscaster acknowledged that the incorrect image had been displayed, but merely stated that the photo was "unrelated" and did not refer to the politician by name. As of yet neither Abe nor his office have received any form of apology.

Yasukuni Shrine

Abe has visited the controversial Yasukuni Shrine on many occasions. While serving as Chief Cabinet Secretary in the government of Junichiro Koizumi he visited in April 2006, prompting South Korea to describe the trip as "regrettable". He didn't visit while Prime Minister from September 2006 – September 2007, unlike Kouizumi, who had visited yearly while in office. Abe not visiting the shrine prompted a Japanese nationalist named Yoshihiro Tanjo to cut off his own little finger in protest and mail it to the LDP.

In 2012 Abe visited the shrine on 15 August, the anniversary of the end of the World War II. While campaigning for the presidency of the LDP, Abe said that he regretted not visiting the shrine while Prime Minister. After winning the presidency, he visited it again on 17 October. He said this was in an official capacity as the president of the Liberal Democratic Party.

Cabinets

First term (2006-2007)

Abe's first cabinet was announced on 26 September 2006. The only minister retained in his position from the previous Koizumi cabinet was Foreign Minister Taro Aso, who had been one of Abe's competitors for the LDP presidency. In addition to the cabinet positions existing under Koizumi, Abe created five new "advisor" positions. He reshuffled his cabinet on 27 August 2007.

	First (26 September 2006)	First, Realigned (27 August 2007)
Secretary	Yasuhisa Shiozaki	Kaoru Yosano
Internal Affairs	Yoshihide Suga	Hiroya Masuda
Justice	Jinen Nagase	Kunio Hatoyama
Foreign Affairs	Taro Aso	Nobutaka Machimura
Finance	Koji Omi	Fukushiro Nukaga
Education	Bunmei Ibuki
Health	Hakuo Yanagisawa	Yōichi Masuzoe
Agriculture	Toshikatsu Matsuoka 1 Norihiko Akagi1	Masatoshi Wakabayashi 2
Economy	Akira Amari
Land	Tetsuzo Fuyushiba
Environment	Masatoshi Wakabayashi 1	Ichirō Kamoshita
Defense3	Fumio Kyuma 4	Masahiko Kōmura
Public Safety, Disaster Prevention	Kensei Mizote	Shinya Izumi
Economic and Fiscal Policy	Hiroko Ōta
Financial Policy	Yuji Yamamoto	Yoshimi Watanabe
Administrative Reform	Yoshimi Watanabe 5
Regulatory Reform		Fumio Kishida
Okinawa/Northern Territories, Technology	Sanae Takaichi
Birth Rate, Youth and Gender Equality		Yōko Kamikawa
National Security Advisor	Yuriko Koike
Economic Policy Advisor	Takumi Nemoto
North Korean Abductions Advisor	Kyoko Nakayama
Education Advisor	Eriko Yamatani
Public Relations Advisor	Hiroshige Seko

Notes:

1. Toshikatsu Matsuoka committed suicide on 28 May 2007, hours before being due for questioning in connection to allegations of misappropriation of government funds. He was replaced by Norihiko Akagi, who himself resigned on 1 August 2007 due to suspicions of similar conduct. Masatoshi Wakabayashi was appointed Agriculture Minister, which he served concurrently with his post as Environment Minister.
2. Masatoshi Wakabayashi was appointed Agriculture Minister on 3 September 2007, following Takehiko Endo's resignation due to a financial scandal.
3. Prior to Abe's administration, this post was known as "Director General of the Defense Agency". In December 2006, its status was elevated to ministry level.
4. Fumio Kyuma resigned on 3 July 2007 for controversial remarks made about the atomic bombing of Hiroshima. He was replaced by Yuriko Koike, then National Security Advisor.
5. Yoshimi Watanabe was appointed Minister of State for Administrative Reform upon 28 December 2007 resignation of Genichiro Sata. He served in this capacity concurrently with his role as Minister of State for Regulatory Reform.

Second term (2012-)

Abe's second cabinet was criticized by The Economist as "a cabinet of radical nationalists."

	Second (26 December 2012)
Secretary	Yoshihide Suga
Internal Affairs	Yoshitaka Shindo
Justice	Sadakazu Tanigaki
Foreign Affairs	Fumio Kishida
Deputy Prime Minister, Financial Services, Finance	Taro Aso
Education, Educational Reform	Hakubun Shimomura
Health	Norihisa Tamura
Agriculture	Yoshimasa Hayashi
Economy	Toshimitsu Motegi
Land	Akihiro Ota
Environment, Nuclear Crisis Management	Nobuteru Ishihara
Defense3	Itsunori Onodera
Public Safety, Measures for National Land Strengthening and Disaster Management	Keiji Furuya
Economic and Fiscal Policy and Economic Revitalisation	Akira Amari
Disaster Reconstruction	Takumi Nemoto
Administrative Reform and Public Servant System Reforms	Tomomi Inada
Okinawa/Northern Territories	Ichita Yamamoto
Birth Rate	Masako Mori
National Security Advisor	-
Economic Policy Advisor	-
North Korean Abductions Advisor	Keiji Furuya
Education Advisor	-
Public Relations Advisor	-

See also

• India–Japan relations
• Quadrilateral Security Dialogue

External links

• Official website (Japanese)
• Shinzō Abe on Twitter
• Shinzō Abe on Facebook
• Prime Minister of Japan Official Website (English)
• Discussion of the Prime Minister's policies and actions (English)
• Biography by CIDOB Foundation (Spanish)
• Shinzo Abe Campaign Material by ArchivoElectoral.org

House of Representatives of Japan
Preceded by Shintaro Abe Makoto Ogawa Yoshirō Hayashi Takeo Kawamura	Member of the House of Representatives for Yamaguchi's 1st district 1993–1996 Served alongside: Yoshirō Hayashi, Takeo Kawamura, Takaaki Koga	Multi-member district eliminated
New constituency	Member of the House of Representatives for Yamaguchi's 4th district (single-member) 1996–present	Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by Taku Yamasaki	Secretary General of the Liberal Democratic Party 2003–2004	Succeeded by Tsutomu Takebe
Preceded by Junichiro Koizumi	President of the Liberal Democratic Party 2006–2007	Succeeded by Yasuo Fukuda
Preceded by Sadakazu Tanigaki	President of the Liberal Democratic Party 2012–present	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Hiroyuki Hosoda	Chief Cabinet Secretary 2005–2006	Succeeded by Yasuhisa Shiozaki
Preceded by Junichiro Koizumi	Prime Minister of Japan 2006–2007	Succeeded by Yasuo Fukuda
Preceded by Yoshihiko Noda	Prime Minister of Japan 2012–present	Incumbent