The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (November 2010)

Conservatorship is a legal concept in the United States of America, where an entity or organization is subjected to the legal control of an external entity or organization, known as a conservator. Conservatorship is established either by court order (with regard to individuals) or via a statutory or regulatory authority (with regard to organizations). When referring to government control of private corporations such as Freddie Mac or Fannie Mae, conservatorship implies a more temporary control than does nationalization. In other legal terms, a conservatorship may refer to the legal responsibilities over a person who is mentally ill, including those who are psychotic, suicidal, incapacitated or is in some other way unable to make legal, medical or financial decisions on behalf of themselves.^[1]

Conservatorship is a legal term referring to a person who has been deemed gravely disabled by the court and unable to meet their basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter. There are two types of conservatorships: Lanterman Petris-Short (Lanterman Petris Short act of 1967, referred to as LPS) and Probate conservatorships. They are governed by the state's individual laws. In California, they are governed by the California Probate Code, and Welfare and Institutions Codes. Some states or jurisdictions refer to it as a guardianship, or even a trustee, instead of a conservator.

Conservatorships are generally put in place for severely mentally ill individuals who are gravely disabled, elderly individuals with Dementia or Alzheimer's Disease who lack mental capacity, or individuals with developmental disabilities who may or may not lack mental capacity. Mental capacity has to be determined by a medical physician or a psychiatrist experienced in the field and is documented and provided to the court as evidence.

A limited conservatorship usually refers to individuals who are developmentally disabled, and they can retain more control over their personal affairs than other conservatees if they are capable. For example, they may retain their right to decide where they may live.

A person under conservatorship is a "conservatee," and can refer to an adult. A person under guardianship is a "ward," and can refer to a minor child.

LPS conservatorships begin with a temporary 30 day conservatorship, and if the conservatee remains gravely disabled, the conservator is reappointed for a year and can be renewed annually, or terminated if no longer needed. Probate conservatorships are referred as general conservatorships, and typically do not have a temporary period unless an urgent emergency exists that is creating risk to the person or their estate. Probate conservatorship do not automatically expire as LPS conservatorship do if they are not renewed by the conservator.

A court appointed conservator over the person is responsible for managing the conservatee's placement, medical decisions, and mental health treatment (LPS conservatorships). A conservator over the estate is responsible for marshalling, protecting, and managing the conservatee's assets that remain in their estate. A conservator reports to the court that appointed them, and is monitored by the supervising judicial court in the county in which the conservatee permanently resides.

An example of a conservator's duties includes: locating and marshalling assets such as property and money which belongs to the conservatee, and can use it to buy food for the conservatee, secure and pay for placement in a facility which would take care of the conservatee or treat a mental illness, pay bills for the conservatee, manage property by paying for property insurance, mortgage payments or rent, property clean-up, or pay for a property management company to rent the property. An example of a conservator or guardian's medical responsibilities is that if the court grants medical authority to the conservator or guardian, the conservator can authorize a physician to place a feeding tube used to provide nourishment into the protected person's stomach if they are in medical need of it. It is not uncommon for one person to hold both offices and be referred to as the "guardian and conservator" of the conservatee, even though a conservator or guardian can be appointed over the person only, the estate only, or both. Generally, a conservator or guardian over the estate is only granted if the conservatee has assets that need to be protected, marshalled, and managed. These terms may be found in use in U.P.C. jurisdictions, even though the U.P.C. uses the term "protected person" in either case.

In most states, an outside party or agency must review the facts of the case and submit a report, usually required to be in writing, to the court before the court makes a decision on the request to establish a conservatorship or guardianship. Usually the outside party is a local County Mental Health representative called an investigator. They are often required to be experts in some appropriate field, such as social work, mental health, a medical field, or law. Procedures for conservatorship of an adult are often different from those for minors. LPS conservatorships usually begin in the County Mental Health system and are referred from acute psychiatric hospitals, where Probate conservatorships can results from any referral source if validated with property medical documentation. Mental Health consumers have the right to a Patient's Rights advocate, and are taken through a series of hearings while they are in the acute hospital before they reach the point of needing a conservator.

The court may appoint an attorney to represent the proposed conservatee or ward. If the proposed conservatee or ward is unable to have an attorney-client relationship because of some impairment, the court may appoint a guardian-ad-litem (who is often also an attorney). A guardian-ad-litem does not take instruction from the client, but rather acts on their behalf and tells the court what the guardian-ad-litem thinks is in the best interests of the proposed conservatee or ward, whether or not that is what the proposed conservatee or ward wants. The conservatee has the right to be represented by an attorney, and if they cannot afford a private attorney, they are appointed a public defender that will represent them free of cost.

Legal persons[link]

This section needs attention from an expert on the subject. The following WikiProjects or Portals may be able to help recruit one: • WikiProject Business • WikiProject Law If another appropriate WikiProject or portal exists, please adjust this template accordingly. (February 2009)

In the United States, in some states, corporations can be placed under conservatorship, as a less extreme alternative to receivership. Whereas a receiver is expected to terminate the rights of shareholders and managers, a conservator is expected merely to assume those rights, with the prospect that they will be relinquished.^[2] Robert Ramsey & John Head, law professors who specialize in financial issues, suggest that an insolvent bank should go into receivership rather than conservatorship to guard against false hope and moral hazard.^[3]

At the federal government level in the United States, in July 2008, the failing IndyMac Bank was taken into administrative receivership by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and its assets and secured liabilities transferred to a specially-established bridge bank called IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB which was placed into conservatorship, also by the FDIC.

Again, in the U.S. at the federal level, in September 2008, the chief executive officers, and board of directors Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were dismissed, and the companies were placed into the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) via the determination of its director James B. Lockhart III, with the support and financial backing of U.S. Treasury via Treasury secretary Hank Paulson's commitment to keep the corporations solvent.^[4] The intervention leading to the conservatorship of these two entities has become the largest in government history, and was justified as necessary step to prevent the damage to the financial system that would have been caused by their failure. Entities like this are considered too big to fail.^[5][6][7][8]

An even more ambitious use of the conservatorship model has been proposed by Duke Professors Lawrence Baxter, Bill Brown and Jim Cox. They suggest that the troubled U.S. banks be placed in conservatorship, that some of their "good assets" be dropped into newly created "good bank" subsidiaries (presumably under new management), and the remaining "bad assets" be left to be managed under the supervision of a conservatorship structure.^[1]

See also[link]

• Legal guardian
• Receivership
• Britney Spears

References[link]

External links[link]

• Montana Code Annotated 72-1-103(8) (2005) Example state law

Lindsay Lohan
Lohan at a New York Fashion Week fashion show, September 2011.
Born	(1986-07-02) July 2, 1986 (age 25) New York City, United States
Occupation	Actress, singer, model
Years active	1989–present
Parents	Michael Lohan Dina Lohan
Relatives	Aliana Lohan (sister)
Website
www.lindsaylohan.com

Lindsay Lohan ( /ˈloʊ.ən/;^[1] born July 2, 1986)^[2] is an American actress, recording artist, and model. She began her career as a child fashion model before making her motion picture debut in Walt Disney's 1998 remake of The Parent Trap at the age of 11. Lohan gained further fame with leading roles in the films Freaky Friday (2003), Mean Girls (2004), and Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005). In 2006 she appeared in independent films including Robert Altman's A Prairie Home Companion and Emilio Estevez's Bobby. In 2004, Lohan launched a second career as a recording artist with her debut album Speak, which was followed by A Little More Personal (Raw) in 2005.

In 2007, her career was interrupted when two driving under the influence (DUI) incidents and three visits to rehabilitation facilities led to the loss of several movie deals. Resuming her career, she guest starred in the TV series Ugly Betty in 2008, and starred in the TV comedy film Labor Pains in 2009. In 2010, she appeared in Robert Rodriguez's film Machete. She has attracted a great deal of publicity, particularly surrounding her personal life.

Life and career[link]

Early life and education[link]

Lohan was born in New York City and grew up in Merrick and Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island, New York.^[2][3] She is the eldest child of Donata "Dina" (née Sullivan) and Michael Lohan. Lindsay has three younger siblings, all of whom have been models or actors: Michael Jr. (who appeared with Lindsay in The Parent Trap), Aliana "Ali", and Dakota "Cody", the youngest Lohan child. Lohan is of Irish and Italian heritage and was raised as a Catholic.^[4] Her maternal family were "well known Irish Catholic stalwarts" and her great-grandfather, John L. Sullivan, was a co-founder of the Pro-life Party in Long Island.^[5] Lohan attended Cold Spring Harbor High School, where she did well in science and mathematics,^[6] until grade 11, when she started homeschooling.^[7]

Lohan's parents have a turbulent history. They married in 1985, separated when she was three, and later reunited.^[8][9] They separated again in 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007.^[10][11] Her father, Michael, is a former Wall Street trader who has been in trouble with the law on several occasions,^[8][12] while her mother, Dina, is a former singer and dancer.^[6]

[edit] 1989–2002: Early career and The Parent Trap

Lohan began her career as a child model with Ford Models at the age of three.^[13][14] She modeled for Calvin Klein Kids and Abercrombie kids, and appeared in over 100 television commercials,^[6] including those for Pizza Hut and Wendy's, as well as a Jell-O spot with Bill Cosby. By the age of 10, when Lohan played Alexandra "Alli" Fowler in the series Another World, Soap Opera Magazine said she was already considered a show-business veteran.^[13][14]

Lohan remained in the role for a year, before leaving to star in Disney's 1998 family comedy The Parent Trap, a remake of the 1961 movie. She played dual roles of estranged twins who try to reunite their long-divorced parents, played by Dennis Quaid and Natasha Richardson.^[4][13] The film earned $92 million worldwide, and critic Kenneth Turan called Lohan "the soul of this film as much as Hayley Mills was of the original", going on to say that "she is more adept than her predecessor at creating two distinct personalities".^[15][16] The film won Lohan a Young Artist Award for best performance in a feature film^[17] as well as a three-film contract with Disney.^[6]

At the age of 14, Lohan played Bette Midler's daughter in the pilot episode of the short-lived series, Bette, but resigned her role when the production moved from New York to Los Angeles.^[4][18] She also starred in two Disney television movies: Life-Size opposite Tyra Banks in 2000, and Get a Clue in 2002.^[13][14]

[edit] 2003–04: Freaky Friday, Mean Girls and Speak

Lohan in 2002

Lohan starred as Anna Coleman alongside Jamie Lee Curtis in the 2003 family comedy Freaky Friday. At Lohan's own initiative, her character was rewritten and changed from a Goth style to be more relatable.^[19] Critic Roger Ebert wrote that Lohan "has that Jodie Foster sort of seriousness and intent focus beneath her teenage persona."^[20] Freaky Friday earned Lohan the award for Breakthrough Performance at the 2004 MTV Movie Awards^[21] and, as of 2010^[update], it remains her most commercially successful film, earning $160 million worldwide^[22] as well as an 88 percent approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.^[23]

Aiming to become a triple threat — actor, singer and dancer, similar to Ann-Margret and Marilyn Monroe — Lohan began showcasing her singing through her acting.^[24] For the Freaky Friday soundtrack, she sang the closing theme, "Ultimate,"^[6] as well as recording four songs for the Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen soundtrack. Producer Emilio Estefan, Jr. signed Lohan to a five-album production deal in 2002.^[6] Two years later, Lohan signed a recording contract with Casablanca Records, headed by Tommy Mottola.^[25]

In 2004, Lohan had two lead roles. The first, Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen, earned a domestic box office total of $29 million, with Brandon Gray of Box Office Mojo commenting that it was "well above expectations as it was strictly for young girls."^[26] The film overall, however, did not meet with critical acclaim.^[27] Robert K. Elder of Metromix wrote that, "though still a promising star, Lohan will have to do a little penance before she's forgiven for Confessions."^[28]

The teen comedy Mean Girls was Lohan's first movie independent of Disney. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $129 million worldwide and, according to Brandon Gray, "cementing her status as the new teen movie queen,"^[26][29][30] while Steve Rhodes wrote that "Lohan dazzles us once more. The smartly written script is a perfect match for her intelligent brand of comedy."^[31] Lohan received four awards at the 2004 Teen Choice Awards for Freaky Friday and Mean Girls, including Breakout Movie Star.^[32] Mean Girls also earned her two awards at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards, Best Female Performance and Best On-Screen Team along with several other cast members.^[33]

Lohan, then 17, became the youngest host of the MTV Movie Awards in 2004.^[34] Following Mean Girls, which was scripted by Tina Fey and featured several alumni of Saturday Night Live, Lohan hosted the show three times between 2004 and 2006, as well as hosting the 2006 World Music Awards.^[35]

Speak, Lohan's début album, was released in December 2004, peaking at number four on the Billboard 200^[36] and earning Platinum certification by early 2005.^[6] Lohan cowrote six of the twelve songs on the album. The album was praised by Linda McGee of RTÉ, who awarded it 4 out of 5 stars and commented that "Speak opens with all the raw emotion and teenage angst that you'd expect from an artist of Lohan's age," and that, "while her vocals are not sensational, their gritty edge keeps Lohan more than afloat throughout this album"^[37] as well as comparing the album to the early music of Avril Lavigne.^[37] Allmusic, however, awarded it 2 out of 5 stars and claimed the album "feels more like a byproduct of an overdriven, overamplified celebrity culture than an actual album."^[38] Though primarily a pop album, Speak was introduced with the single "Rumors." Described by Rolling Stone as "a bass-heavy, angry club anthem,"^[39] "Rumors" details Lohan's complaints with the paparazzi^[40] and eventually earned a Gold certification in the United States.^[41]

While shooting Herbie: Fully Loaded in 2004, Lohan was hospitalized with a kidney infection brought on by stress in her personal life and of recording her first album while the film was in production, prompting Vanity Fair to label it Lohan's "first disastrous shoot."^[42] The magazine also described how Lohan terminated the promotional tour and was de-emphasized on the movie poster due to "un-Disney-like behavior."^[42] Lohan began dating actor Wilmer Valderrama in 2004, guest-starring in an episode of That '70s Show, of which Valderrama was a regular.^[43] According to Vanity Fair, the breakup with Valderrama contributed to Lohan's issues during the shooting of Herbie: Fully Loaded.^[42]

With Mean Girls, Lohan's public profile was raised significantly and paparazzi began following her.^[44] She spent several years living out of hotels in Los Angeles, of which two years were spent at Chateau Marmont. In late 2007, after settling down in more permanent residence, she explained that she spent so much time in hotels because she "didn't want to be alone" but that "it wasn't a way of life ... not very consistent."^[45][46][47] Lohan has had a series of car accidents that have been widely reported, with minor crashes in August 2004,^[48] October 2005,^[49] and November 2006, when Lohan suffered minor injuries because a paparazzo who was following her for a photograph hit her car. Police called the crash intentional, but prosecutors said there was not enough evidence to file criminal charges.^[50]

[edit] 2005: Herbie: Fully Loaded and A Little More Personal (Raw)

Herbie, the car that appears with Lohan in Herbie: Fully Loaded (2005)

Lohan returned to Disney in 2005 for Herbie: Fully Loaded, the fifth film in the series with the anthropomorphic car Herbie. Fully Loaded earned $144 million worldwide and received mixed reviews.^[51][52] Stephen Holden of The New York Times called Lohan "a genuine star who ... seems completely at home on the screen",^[53] while James Berardinelli wrote that, "as bright a starlet as she may be, Lohan ends up playing second fiddle to the car."^[54] In 2005, Lohan became the first person to have a My Scene celebrity doll released by Mattel. She also voiced herself in the animated direct-to-DVD film My Scene Goes Hollywood, based on the series of dolls.^[55]

Lohan's second album, A Little More Personal (Raw), was released in December 2005, debuting at number 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, falling under the top 100 within six weeks.^[6] Lohan cowrote six of the twelve songs on the album. Slant Magazine called the album "contrived ... for all the so-called weighty subject matter, there's not much meat on these bones."^[56] The album was certified Gold in early 2006.^[57] The music video for the album's first single, "Confessions of a Broken Heart (Daughter to Father)", was directed by Lohan and featured the acting debut of her sister, Ali Lohan.^[6] The video was a dramatization of the pain Lohan says her family has suffered at the hands of her father.^[58] It was Lohan's first song to chart on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 57.^[59]

Lohan's parents legally separated in December 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007.^[10][11] Lohan spoke in 2007 about her childhood: "I feel like a second parent in the sense that I helped raise my family...I was put between my mother and father a lot. Well, I would put myself between them to try and keep the peace, and I felt good doing that."^[60] Despite the conflicts, Lohan calls herself "a family girl" and has spoken very fondly of her family, including her father.^[61][62] However, in 2007 and again in 2008 she stated that she was no longer in contact with him, describing his unpredictable behavior as hard to deal with.^[63][64][65] In November 2009, her father released recordings of private phone calls with and about Lohan to the media.^[66] She commented on Twitter: "I haven't had a real relationship w/Michael Sr. in years."^[67]

Lohan's next widely released film, the romantic comedy Just My Luck, opened in May 2006 and, according to Variety, earned Lohan over $7 million.^[68] The opening weekend box office takings of $5.7 million "broke lead actress Lindsay Lohan's winning streak" according to Brandon Gray.^[69] The film received poor reviews and earned Lohan her first Golden Raspberry nomination for worst actress.^[70][71]

2006–07: Independent movies and career interruptions[link]

Lohan in 2006

Following Just My Luck, Lohan focused on smaller roles in more mature, independent movies.^[72] Robert Altman's ensemble comedy A Prairie Home Companion, in which Lohan co-stars with Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin, had a limited release in June 2006. Peter Travers wrote for Rolling Stone that "Lohan rises to the occasion, delivering a rock-the-house version of 'Frankie and Johnny'."^[73] Co-star Streep said of Lohan's acting: "She's in command of the art form" and "completely, visibly living in front of the camera."^[74] The Emilio Estevez drama Bobby was released in theaters in November 2006. Lohan received favorable comments for her performance, particularly a scene opposite Sharon Stone.^[75][76] As part of the Bobby ensemble cast, Lohan was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award and won an award for Ensemble Acting at the Hollywood Film Festival where she also won a Breakout Award for her work in 2006.^[77][78]

Lohan's next appearance was in Chapter 27 as a John Lennon fan who befriends Mark David Chapman (Jared Leto) on the day he murders Lennon. Filming finished in early 2006, but was not released until March 2008 due to difficulties in finding a distributor.^[79][80][81] In May 2007, the drama Georgia Rule, in which Lohan stars alongside Felicity Huffman and Jane Fonda, was released. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Lohan hits a true note of spiteful princess narcissism."^[82] During filming in 2006, Lohan was hospitalized, her representative saying "she was overheated and dehydrated."^[83] At the time Lohan was going through a breakup with restaurant owner Harry Morton.^[84] This contributed to her problems on the set according to Allure.^[60] In a letter that was made public, studio executive James G. Robinson called Lohan "irresponsible and unprofessional." He mentioned "various late arrivals and absences from the set" and that "we are well aware that your ongoing all night heavy partying is the real reason for your so-called 'exhaustion'."^[85] Co-star Fonda later commented that "when she showed up on the set, she was always great."^[86]

In 2006, Lohan attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings.^[87] Lohan, who has suffered from asthma since the age of two, is also a smoker.^[88][89] In early January 2007, production on the film I Know Who Killed Me was put on hold when Lohan underwent appendix surgery.^[90][91][92] Later in the month, Lohan admitted herself to the Wonderland Center rehabilitation facility. Lohan checked out on February 16, 2007 after completing a 30-day stay.^[93][94] During the stay she continued shooting the film, returning to the facility at night.^[95][96] Shortly thereafter, Lohan withdrew from a film adaptation of Oscar Wilde's A Woman of No Importance, her publicist stating that Lohan needed to "focus on getting better."^[97][98] Lohan was replaced in The Edge of Love in April 2007, shortly before filming was to begin, with the director citing "insurance reasons" and Lohan later explaining that she "was going through a really bad time then."^{[99][100][101]} In May 2007, Lohan first dated British TV personality Calum Best.^[102]

Lohan was then cast in the film Poor Things.^[103] On May 26, four days before production was set to start, she was arrested for DUI and subsequently re-entered rehab. The film's producers initially voiced support and production was put on hold.^{[104][105][106]} Lohan had lost control of her car and run the vehicle up a curb. Beverly Hills police also found what they preliminarily identified as a "usable" amount of cocaine in her car. After receiving treatment for minor injuries, Lohan was arrested on a misdemeanor charge of driving under the influence of alcohol.^[107] She subsequently entered the Promises Treatment Center rehabilitation facility, where she stayed for 45 days.^[108][109] Upon her release to outpatient care, Lohan was voluntarily fitted with a SCRAM bracelet to monitor her sobriety.^[110][111]

On July 24, 2007, three weeks before filming was scheduled to resume on Poor Things, Lohan was arrested for a second DUI and again returned to rehabilitation.^[112] Lohan refused a field sobriety test in Santa Monica and was taken to a police station where her blood alcohol level was found to be above the legal limit. While conducting a search, the police found a small amount of cocaine in her pocket.^{[110][111][113]} Lohan was booked on a felony charge of possession of cocaine and misdemeanor charges of driving under the influence and driving with a suspended license.^[113][114] In August 2007, Lohan entered Cirque Lodge Treatment Center in Sundance, Utah for a third stint at rehabilitation, staying until discharge on October 5, 2007.^[115] Ultimately, The Hollywood Reporter said, she "fell out of" the Poor Things production.^[116] Later in 2007, Lohan dated then snowboarder Riley Giles, whom she met during rehab.^[117]

In the wake of her second DUI arrest, Lohan withdrew from a scheduled appearance on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno in which she had been due to promote I Know Who Killed Me, a low-budget thriller-mystery in which she stars as a stripper with a dual personality.^[118] The film premiered to what Entertainment Weekly called "an abysmal $3.5 million."^[119] It earned Lohan a dual Razzie nomination for Worst Actress, with Lohan coming first and second, tying with herself.^[120]

Hollywood executives and industry insiders commented that it would be difficult for Lohan to find employment until she could prove that she was sober and reliable, citing possible issues with securing insurance.^{[121][122][123]} Robinson, the producer who previously criticized Lohan's work ethic on Georgia Rule, said that he would work with her again if she got the proper medical care, and went on to describe her as "one of the most talented young women in the movie business today."^[119]

On August 23, 2007, Lohan pleaded guilty to misdemeanor cocaine use and driving under the influence and was sentenced to one day imprisonment and 10 days' community service. She was also ordered to pay fines and complete an alcohol education program, and was given three years probation. Lohan released a statement in which she said "it is clear to me that my life has become completely unmanageable because I am addicted to alcohol and drugs."^[124] On November 15, 2007, Lohan served 84 minutes in jail. A sheriff spokesman cited overcrowding and the nonviolent nature of the crime as reasons for the reduced sentence.^[125] The probation was extended by an additional year in October 2009, following several instances in which Lohan failed to attend the court-ordered substance abuse treatment classes.^[126]

Following a switch to Universal Motown, Lohan began working on a third album, tentatively titled Spirit in the Dark, in late 2007. In May 2008 the single "Bossy" was released, which reached number one on the US Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart.^{[127][128][129][130][131]} In November 2008, Lohan said that work on the album had stalled and that she wanted to avoid the stress of working on movies and music at the same time.^[132]

2008–09: Television appearances and fashion[link]

In May 2008, Lohan made her first screen appearance since I Know Who Killed Me, on ABC's television series Ugly Betty.^[133] She guest starred in four episodes, spanning seasons two and three in 2008, as Kimmie Keegan, an old schoolmate of the protagonist Betty Suarez.^[133] Lohan made a cameo appearance in the drug themed music video for the May 2008 N*E*R*D song "Everyone Nose."^[134] Lohan has featured in various men's magazines. She was voted No.10 on the list of "100 Sexiest Women" by readers of FHM in 2005,^[135] No.13 in 2006, No.30 in 2007, and No.41 in 2008,^[136] while Maxim placed her third on its "Hot 100" list in 2006^[137] and first in 2007.^[138] In a poll by The Daily Mirror in February 2010, Lohan was voted tenth on a list of "sexiest redheads ever."^[139] Lohan has been the face of Jill Stuart, Miu Miu, and Dooney & Bourke, as well as the 2008 Visa Swap British fashion campaign^[140][141] as well as being the face of Italian clothing company Fornarina for its Spring/Summer 2009 campaign.^[140]

Lohan named her clothing collection 6126 after the birthdate of Marilyn Monroe (pictured) whom Lohan greatly admires

Lohan has a long-lasting fascination with Marilyn Monroe going back to when she saw Niagara during The Parent Trap shoot.^[142] In the 2008 Spring Fashion edition of New York magazine, Lohan re-created Monroe's final photo shoot, known as The Last Sitting, including nudity, saying that the photo shoot was "an honor".^[142] The New York Times critic Ginia Bellafante found it disturbing, saying "the pictures ask viewers to engage in a kind of mock necrophilia. ... At 21 [Lohan] seems even older than Monroe, who was 36 in the originals ... [and] the photographs bear none of Monroe's fragility".^[143] In 2008, Lohan launched a clothes line, whose name 6126 was designed to represent Monroe's birth date (June 1, 1926). The line started with leggings, before expanding to a full collection, covering 280 pieces as of April 2010^[update].^{[144][145][146]} In April 2009, Lohan released a self-tanning spray under the brand name Sevin Nyne in collaboration with Sephora.^[147][148] In September 2009, Lohan became an artistic adviser for the French fashion house Emanuel Ungaro;^[149] a collection by designer Estrella Archs with Lohan as adviser was presented in October, receiving a "disastrous" reception, according to Entertainment Weekly and New York.^[150][151] Lohan left the company in March 2010.^[152]

During the 2008 US presidential campaign, Lohan offered her services to Barack Obama's election effort, including hosting events aimed at young voters; but her offer was declined. An unnamed source within the Obama campaign told the Chicago Sun-Times that Lohan was "not exactly the kind of high-profile star who would be a positive for us."^[153] She nonetheless posted MySpace blogs with her opinions on the election, urging voters to support Obama, criticizing media coverage of vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin, and describing Palin as homophobic, anti-abortion and anti-environmentalist.^{[154][155][156][157]} Lohan had previously expressed an interest in going to Iraq, during the Iraq War in 2006, on a USO tour with Hillary Clinton.^[158] Back in 2004, Lohan stated that she did not like to talk about politics in order to avoid alienating any part of her fanbase.^[159]

Lohan dated DJ Samantha Ronson in 2008 and 2009.^[160][161] Lohan co-hosted club events with Ronson and accompanied her when she was DJ-ing.^[162][163] Speaking about her sexual orientation, Lohan has said she is not a lesbian. When asked if she is bisexual, she responded "Maybe. Yeah", adding "I don't want to classify myself."^[160] In April 2009, following her breakup with Ronson, Lohan appeared in a skit on the comedy website Funny or Die. The self-deprecating video is a spoof of the personal ads on dating website eHarmony.^[164] It was viewed 2.7 million times in the first week and received favorable comments from the media.^[165]

In the 2009 comedy Labor Pains, Lohan plays a woman who pretends to be pregnant. During the shoot, Lohan's manager worked with the paparazzi to encourage the media to show her working, as opposed to partying.^[166] It was originally planned for a theatrical release, but instead appeared as a TV movie on the ABC Family cable channel in July 2009, "a setback for the star" according to Variety.^[167][168] The premiere received 2.1 million viewers, "better-than-average" for the channel according to E! Online.^[169] Joanna Weiss of The Boston Globe commented that Lohan "looks to be coasting through a part that requires little effort, anyway".^[170] Alessandra Stanley of The New York Times said "this is not a triumphant return of a prodigal child star. ... [Labor Pains] never shakes free of the heavy baggage Ms. Lohan brings to the role".^[171]

Lohan was a guest judge on US TV style contest Project Runway sixth season premiere episode, which aired in August 2009.^[172][173] The same month Lohan's home was burglarized by The Bling Ring, a group of fashion-motivated burglars whose ringleader considered Lohan to be their ultimate conquest. Video surveillance of the burglary recorded at Lohan's home played a large role in breaking the case.^[174]

[edit] 2010–present: Legal issues, Machete and television

After the Haiti earthquake, Lohan gave fund-raising assistance to the British Red Cross in March 2010 to provide aid for the country.^[175] The same month, Lohan commenced legal proceedings in which she sought $100 million from financial services company E-Trade for a television advertisement that Lohan claimed invoked her likeness without her permission. The suit was settled on confidential terms in September.^{[176][177][178]}

Lohan narrated and presented the BBC Three documentary Lindsay Lohan's Indian Journey about human trafficking in India. The program was filmed during a week in India in December 2009 and aired in April 2010.^{[179][180][181]} A reviewer for The Times said that rather than highlight trafficking "the spotlight was effectively turned on Lohan and under it she wilted."^[182] A review in The Independent found it "very compelling" and said that the inclusion of Lohan was "definitely not a terrible choice. Just a very, very odd one."^[183] Lohan said the experience was "truly humbling" and "I hope my presence in India will bring awareness to the really important issues raised in making this film."^[184]

In May 2010 Lohan travelled to the Cannes Film Festival to promote the biopic Inferno: A Linda Lovelace Story, in which she was set to star as the lead, adult-film performer Linda Lovelace.^[185][186] While she was in court mandated rehab in November, it was announced that Lohan would be replaced by another actress.^[187][188] Because she was in Cannes, Lohan missed a mandatory DUI progress hearing. A bench warrant was issued for her arrest which was rescinded after she posted bail. Lohan was ordered to attend alcohol education classes, wear an alcohol-monitoring bracelet, and undergo random drug tests to remain free on bail.^[189][190] At a July 6 hearing, the judge determined that Lohan had violated the terms of her probation by missing several mandatory classes and meetings. She was sentenced to 90 days in jail followed by 90 days of mandatory inpatient rehab treatment.^[191][192] Lohan served only 14 days of the jail sentence, between July 20 and August 2, due to overcrowding.^{[193][194][195][196]} She then entered an inpatient rehabilitation facility, from where she was released after only 23 days.^{[195][197][198][199]} Her lawyer stated that "the treating doctors at UCLA felt she had done everything required of her there."^[200] She was ordered to submit to random drug and alcohol screenings and attend mandatory therapy.^[198][199]

In June 2010, Lohan was the subject of a fashion shoot in the photographer docu-series Double Exposure on Bravo.^[201] Lohan appeared on the October 2010 cover of Vanity Fair. She told the magazine: "I want my career back" and "I know that I'm a damn good actress". Talking about her DUI incidents she said "These were my college years ... but they were in the public eye. I was irresponsible. I was experimenting."^{[202][203][204]} Lohan appears in one sketch in the movie Underground Comedy 2010 . She is dressed up as Marilyn Monroe, while still visibly wearing a SCRAM bracelet, and shoots at paparazzi photographers. As of September 2010^[update], the movie was still seeking a distributor.^[204]

Robert Rodriguez's action exploitation film Machete opened on September 3, 2010. Lohan filmed her scenes for the movie in August and September 2009.^[205][206] She plays April, the spoiled daughter of a wealthy businessman. Her character takes drugs, is naked in much of her appearance and later dons a nuns habit while toting a machine gun. The Washington Post described Lohan's character as "a campier, trampier version of herself – or at least her tabloid image".^[207] Premiere.com said she was "terrible" while Variety called it "her best work in some time."^[208][209] Because of her rehabilitation and legal engagements Lohan did not participate in promotion of the movie.^{[210][211][212]}

On September 24, 2010, Lohan's probation was revoked following a failed drug test.^{[213][214][215]} She spent part of the day in jail before being released on bail.^{[215][216][217][218]} A few days later she entered the Betty Ford Center, a drug and alcohol treatment center, where she remained on court order for three months until early January 2011.^{[210][219][219][220][221][222]}

On February 9, 2011, Lohan was charged with the theft of a necklace reported stolen from a jewelry store in January.^{[223][224][225]} She was sentenced to 120 days in jail and 480 hours of community service for misdemeanor theft and probation violation, to which she pled no contest. She was also ordered to remain under supervised probation until the completion of her community service.^{[226][227][228][229][230]} Due to jail overcrowding, Lohan served the sentence under house arrest, wearing a tracking ankle monitor, for 35 days between May 26 and June 29.^{[231][232][233][234][235][236]} In November Lohan was found to have violated the terms of her probation by failing to perform the required community service. She was sentenced to 30 days of jail and 400 hours of community service.^{[237][238][239][240][241]} On November 7 Lohan spent less than five hours in jail due to overcrowding.^[242][243] On March 29, 2012, Lohan's supervised probation ended after she completed the required community service and therapy. She will still be on informal probation for the necklace theft until May 2014, with the only requirement to follow the law.^[244][245]

Lohan appeared in the January/February 2012 issue of Playboy magazine.^[246] Hugh Hefner described the shoot as being inspired by a nude pictorial of Marilyn Monroe which was in first issue of Playboy.^[247] Hefner said in a tweet that the issue was "breaking sales records."^[248] Lohan hosted the March 3, 2012 episode of Saturday Night Live; her fourth time hosting the show. Her previous time hosting the show was in 2006.^[249] Her appearance received mixed to negative reviews. Critics appreciated the self-deprecating references to her personal troubles, but also commented that she largely played a supporting role.^[250] The episode had the second highest ratings of the season with 7.4 million viewers.^[251][252] On May 15, 2012, Lohan appeared on the television series Glee in the episode "Nationals" as a celebrity judge. Critics commented that her appearance was brief, and said that she was "silly in a good way" but also "sort of depressing".^[253]

In April 2012 it was confirmed that Lohan had been cast to play Elizabeth Taylor in a Lifetime TV movie titled Liz and Dick. Filming is planned to begin in June 2012 in Los Angeles.^{[254][255][256]}

Filmography and awards[link]

Discography[link]

• Speak (2004)
• A Little More Personal (Raw) (2005)

References[link]

General

Specific