- published: 21 Mar 2010
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- author: BritishCensorship
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![Surrey v Lancashire - 1993 B&H Cup [2/2]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130110032409im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/XASKcU9YROw/default.jpg "Surrey, chasing 237 to beat Lancashire in the 1993 B&H Cup, are romping home at 212 for 1 when all of a sudden... May 11th 1993, The Foster's Oval.")
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A56 road
The A56 is a road in England which extends between the city of Chester in Cheshire and the village of Broughton in North Yorkshire. The road contains a mixture of single and dual carriageway sections, and traverses environments as diverse as the dense urban sprawl of inner city Manchester and the lightly populated region of rural east Lancashire. The road includes a short section of trunk road between the end of the M66 motorway near Ramsbottom and the M65 motorway west of Burnley.
The road begins as Frodsham Street in the centre of Chester at its junction with Eastgate Street A51 and heads north-eastwards out of the city. Just outside the city, the A56 crosses Junction 12 of the M53 motorway, continuing in a north easterly direction. The road passes through the towns and villages of Mickle Trafford, Helsby and Frodsham whilst roughly paralleling the course of the south side of the M56 motorway. After leaving Frodsham, the A56 crosses the M56 at Junction 11 and passes the towns of Runcorn and Warrington, taking up a more easterly direction to again parallel the course of the north side of the motorway.
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A565 road
The A565 is a road in England that runs from Liverpool in Merseyside to Tarleton in Lancashire. It is a primary route linking the town of Southport to Liverpool and to Preston (via the connecting A59).
It starts off on Old Hall St, Liverpool, near Princes Dock, crossing a number of traffic lights and running parallel with Regent Road. It then passes Seaforth Dock at the Seaforth flyover, where it meets the A5036. It then heads north through Crosby and on through the Liverpool suburb of Thornton. It then heads towards Formby, passing Ince Blundell on the way, and passes to the east of Formby. Once out of Formby, the road passes RAF Woodvale before arriving in Woodvale itself, going very close to the route of the Trans Pennine Trail. The A565 continues north through Ainsdale into Southport, past the Royal Birkdale Golf Club.
Once it reaches Southport it runs through as Lord Street and then travels to the south of Banks. It passes by Mere Brow and Holmes before going by Tarleton, where it joins the Preston-to-Liverpool A59 at traffic lights.
wn.com/A565_road -
A585 road
The A585 is a primary road in England which runs from Kirkham to Fleetwood in Lancashire.
The road runs a total distance of just under 14 miles (23 km), on a mixture of rural and urban residential/commercial streets. The 12-mile (19 km) section north of the M55 carries large amounts of container traffic to and from the Fleetwood container port.
The road begins at Kirkham, as a turning off the A583, the Kirkham by-pass (53°46′57″N 2°53′39″W / 53.7824°N 2.8941°W / 53.7824; -2.8941 (A585 road (southern end))). It travels north for 1.5 miles (2.4 km), as Fleetwood Road, through Kirkham and Wesham, till it meets Junction 3 of the M55 at Wesham Circle. The road continues in a roughly northerly direction for a further 3 miles (4.8 km), through Esprick and Singleton. This section is rural and fairly winding, although some curves were straightened in the 1970s when container traffic began using the road, most notably the series of bends in Thistleton at the turnings to Singleton village and Elswick. These were notoriously known as 'Hellfire Corner'.
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A59 road
The A59 is a major road in the United Kingdom that runs from Liverpool in Merseyside, to York in North Yorkshire.
The A59 begins in the centre of Liverpool at the mouth of the Birkenhead Tunnel, and heads north out of the city, first as Scotland Road in Vauxhall, then Kirkdale Road, Walton Road and County Road, then as Rice Lane and to Walton Vale. It passes Aintree Racecourse as Warbreck Moor and Ormskirk Road (forming the boundary between Aintree and Netherton, before reaching the Switch Island junction, which is a large semi roundabout semi traffic light controlled junction, where the A5036, the M57, the M58 and the A59 all meet.
From the Switch Island junction the A59 travels through Maghull and Lydiate, into Lancashire through Aughton and thence to Ormskirk. This part of the road follows the same route as the Merseyrail Northern Line.
At Ormskirk, it reverts from a dual carriageway to single carriageway, on an old bypass. North of Ormskirk the A59 passes through Burscough and Rufford, before reaching the traffic light controlled crossroads at Tarleton, where the A565 joins. From here the road goes over the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and River Douglas via Bank Bridge then through Bretherton and Much Hoole before becoming the Longton (and Hutton) bypass.
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A666 road
The A666 is a major road in Greater Manchester and Lancashire, England. Known as Manchester Road, Bolton Road, or Blackburn Road, depending on which area it is in, it runs from its junction with A6 and A580 at the Irlams o' th' Height boundary with Pendlebury near Manchester, through Pendlebury, Clifton, Kearsley, Farnworth, Bolton, Darwen and Blackburn before meeting the A59 at Langho. Along the route are the West Pennine Moors, the Turton and Entwistle reservoir and the Entwistle reservoir forest.
It is sometimes referred to as the Devil's Highway or the Devil's Road because of Biblical associations of its number 666, and its high accident rate on the moors between Egerton and Darwen. Conversely, for a short length from the M61 Kearsley spur and bypassing Farnworth to central Bolton, it is officially called St. Peter's Way.
Road works (speed limit changed from 70mph to 50mph, speed cameras, better safety fencing, banning cyclists from the road, slip road changes) finished at the start of 2000 reduced the traffic accident by 60%. Before this it was having 26 traffic accidents a year with 40 people injured.
wn.com/A666_road -
Accrington
Coordinates: 53°45′12″N 2°21′50″W / 53.75337°N 2.36384°W / 53.75337; -2.36384
Accrington is a town in Lancashire, within the borough of Hyndburn. It lies about 4 miles (6 km) east of Blackburn, 6 miles (10 km) west of Burnley, 20 miles (32 km) north of Manchester city centre and is situated on the mostly culverted River Hyndburn. The town has a population of 35,203 according to the 2001 census and the urban area has a population of over 70,000.
The town is a former centre of the cotton and textile machinery industries. The town is famed for manufacturing the hardest and densest building bricks in the world, "The Accrington NORI" (iron), which were used in the construction of the Empire State Building and for the foundations of Blackpool Tower; famous for its football team and for having Europe's largest collection of Tiffany Glass.
Accrington is commonly abbreviated by locals to "Accy".
The name Accrington appears to be Anglo-Saxon in origin. Its derivation is uncertain.
In the records it variously appears as Akarinton in 1194; Akerunton, Akerinton and Akerynton in 1258; Acrinton in 1292; Ackryngton in 1311 and Acryngton in 1324.
wn.com/Accrington -
Allerdale
Coordinates: 54°38′24″N 3°24′43″W / 54.640°N 3.412°W / 54.640; -3.412
Allerdale is a non-metropolitan district of Cumbria, England, with borough status. Its council is based in Workington and the borough has a population of 93,492 according to the 2001 census.
The Borough of Allerdale was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the municipal borough of Workington, the urban districts of Maryport, Cockermouth and Keswick; and the rural districts of Cockermouth and Wigton, all of which were within the administrative county of Cumberland. In 1995 Allerdale was granted borough status.
The name derives from the ancient region of Allerdale, represented latterly by the two wards of Cumberland, called Allerdale above Derwent and Allerdale below Derwent.
Elections to the borough council are held every 4 years with 56 councillor being elected from 31 wards. No party has had a majority on the council since Labour lost their majority at the 2003 election. As of the 2011 election, and following a by-election, the council is composed of the following councillors:-
wn.com/Allerdale -
Amounderness
Coordinates: 53°52′N 2°47′W / 53.86°N 2.78°W / 53.86; -2.78
Amounderness was a hundred of Lancashire in North West England. Formerly, the name had been used for territories now in Lancashire and north of the River Ribble that had been included in Domesday Yorkshire.
There are two suggested etymologies for Amounderness. The traditional 19th century reading was that the name derived from ac (oak) and mund (protection), "a ness or promontory sheltered by oaks". This was given currency by Porter.
The current view is that the area is named after Agmundr, a Norse warlord who died at the Battle of Tettenhall in August 910; Partington's early 20th century description of "Amounder ... the first Viking who settled in the Fylde country" now being considered more fanciful than historically accurate.
In The Place-names of Lancashire, Ekwall supports an early 10th century coinage citing A[g]hemundesnes and the late 11th century Agmundrenesse. The etymology of Agmundr is Old West Scandinavian agi- ("awe, terror") or possibly the German *ag- ("point, weapon point"), with -mundr, from Old West Scandinavian *-munduR ("protection"). The name appears in Old Swedish as Aghmund and in Old West Norse as Ogmundr. While the formal title of the warrior was almost certainly Agmundrholdr, his familiar or lall-name would have been Mundi.
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Appley Bridge
Coordinates: 53°34′44″N 2°43′16″W / 53.5790°N 2.7210°W / 53.5790; -2.7210
Appley Bridge is a village in West Lancashire, England. It is located off Junction 27 of the M6 motorway and is nestled in the Douglas valley alongside the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.
"Apple lea" (on the River Douglas), from (boscus de) Appelae, Appeleie, Appeleye, found in thirteenth century Chartulary of Cockersand Abbey; - also "Appley Moor"; within the township of Wrightington in the ancient parish of Eccleston.
Once a busy industrial village, with a paint and linoleum works, several quarries and clay pits for the Wigan brick company, today the village still has several factories including a weighbridge manufacturer and a caravan factory, but is rather more sleepy, its main purpose being providing housing for the many commuters who work along the M6 corridor.
Appley Bridge has two churches, (Methodist and Church of England), and is in the Deanery of Chorley, Diocese of Blackburn.
Appley Bridge railway station, opened in 1855 by the Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway, is situated on the Southport to Manchester line. The village contains a few convenience shops, a football ground, several country pubs, and a post office. Within the area known as Shevington Vale there is a row of shops including a SPAR convenience store, a Chinese takeaway, a hairdressing salon and a pharmacy. There is also a small children's play area and football pitch opposite the Shevington Vale primary school. The Golden Days garden centre is just outside the main village on Back Lane, near the junction for the M6 Motorway. A waste paper recycling yard is also present on Appley Lane North offering free disposal of cardboard and paper as well as other services.
wn.com/Appley_Bridge -
Ashton Canal
The Ashton Canal is a canal built in Greater Manchester in North West England.
The Ashton leaves the Rochdale Canal at Ducie St. Junction in central Manchester, and climbs for 6.7 miles (10.8 km) through 18 locks, passing through Ancoats, Holt Town, Bradford-with-Beswick, Clayton, Openshaw, Droylsden, Fairfield and Audenshaw to make a head-on junction with the Huddersfield Narrow Canal (formerly the Huddersfield Canal) at Whitelands Basin in the centre of Ashton-under-Lyne. At Bradford, the canal passes by the venue of the 2002 Commonwealth Games.
Apart from the Rochdale and Huddersfield Narrow canals, the Ashton Canal only currently connects with one other canal. Just short of Whitelands, at Dukinfield Junction/Portland Basin a short arm crosses the river Tame on the Tame Aqueduct, and makes a head-on junction with the Peak Forest Canal.
There used to be four other important connections to branch canals: the Islington Branch Canal in Ancoats; the Stockport Branch Canal from Clayton to Stockport (Heaton Norris); the Hollinwood Branch Canal from Fairfield to Hollinwood; and the Fairbottom Branch Canal (itself a branch of the Hollinwood Branch Canal) from Waterhouses to Fairbottom. There was to have been a fifth branch, namely the Beat Bank Branch Canal (itself a branch of Stockport Branch Canal) from Reddish to Beat Bank in Denton, but this was abandoned before completion.
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Ashton Memorial
Coordinates: 54°02′43″N 2°46′56″W / 54.04526°N 2.78227°W / 54.04526; -2.78227 The Ashton Memorial is a folly in Williamson Park, Lancaster, England built between 1907 and 1909 by millionaire industrialist Baron Ashton in memory of his second wife, Jessy, at a cost of over £80,000 (£4,588,000 in today's money). At around 150 feet tall, it dominates the Lancaster skyline and is visible for many miles around. It also offers spectacular views of the surrounding area including Morecambe Bay. The building is in the Edwardian Baroque style and was designed by John Belcher. It has been described as "England's grandest folly" and the "Taj Mahal of the North" but simply as "The Structure" by local people. The dome is externally of copper, the main stone used is Portland stone although the steps are of hard wearing granite from Cornwall. Externally around the dome are sculptures representing "Commerce", "Science", "Industry" and "Art" by Herbert Hampton. The interior of the dome has allegorical paintings of "Commerce", "Art" and "History" by George Murray. The floor is of white, black and red marble.
wn.com/Ashton_Memorial -
Astley Hall
Astley Hall is a country house in Chorley, Lancashire, England. Oliver Cromwell is said to have stayed here for a time. The hall is now owned by the town and is known as Astley Hall Museum and Art Gallery. The extensive landscaped grounds are now Chorley's Astley Park.
The site was acquired in the 15th century by the Charnock family from the Knights of St John of Jerusalem.The Charnocks built the original timber-framed house, around a small courtyard, about 1575-1600. In 1665, Margaret Charnocke married Richard Brooke of Mere in Cheshire, and they built the present grand but asymmetrical front range of brick with a pair of vast mullion and transomed bay windows. This front has a doorway with distinctly rustic Ionic columns, remarkable at such a late date.
The interior is notable for the staggering mid 17th century plasterwork in the ceilings of the Great Hall and drawing room, which have heavy wreaths and disporting cherubs. The ceilings are barbaric in their excesses, and the figures are relatively poorly modelled, although the undercutting is breathtaking. Not all the moulding is of stucco: there are elements of lead and leather too. The staircase is of the same period with a coarse but vigorously carved acanthus scroll balustrade and square newels with vases of flowers on top. The lower parts of the hall are panelled with inset paintings of a curious selection of modern worthies, including Protestants such as Elizabeth I and William the Silent; Catholics such as Philip II and Ambrogio Spinola; the explorers Christopher Columbus and Ferdinand Magellan, and Muhammadans such as Bajazet and Mohammed II, Sultans of Turkey; it is thought this scheme might be rather earlier than the other work and date from the time of Thomas Charnock MP, who died in 1648. The whole width of the house on the top floor is occupied by a long gallery which contains the finest shovelboard table in existence, 23½ feet long.
wn.com/Astley_Hall -
Bacup
Coordinates: 53°42′14″N 2°11′56″W / 53.704°N 2.199°W / 53.704; -2.199
Bacup (
/ˈbeɪkəp/) is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. It is located amongst the South Pennines, along Lancashire's eastern boundary with West Yorkshire. The town sits within a rural setting in the Forest of Rossendale, amongst the steep-sided upper-Irwell Valley, through which the River Irwell passes. It is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) east of Rawtenstall, 6.4 miles (10.3 km) north of Rochdale, and 21 miles (34 km) east of Preston. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Bacup—which encompasses the outlying communities of Britannia, Stacksteads, Rockcliffe, Trough Gate and Weir—had a population of 12,763.
Bacup emerged as a settlement following the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain in the Early Middle Ages. For centuries, Bacup was a small and obscure centre of domestic flannel and woollen cloth production, and many of the original weavers' cottages survive today as listed buildings. Following the Industrial Revolution Bacup became a mill town, its landscape dominated by distinctive and large rectangular woollen and cotton mills. Bacup received a charter of incorporation in 1882, giving it honorific borough status and its own elected town government, consisting of a mayor, aldermen and councillors to oversee local affairs.
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BAE Systems
Coordinates: 51°16′25″N 0°46′00″W / 51.27361°N 0.7666667°W / 51.27361; -0.7666667
BAE Systems plc (LSE: BA.) is a British multinational defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is among the world's largest military contractors; in 2009 it was the second-largest based on revenues. It was formed on 30 November 1999 by the £7.7 billion merger of two British companies, Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc (GEC), and aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer British Aerospace (BAe).
BAE Systems is the successor to various aircraft and defence electronics companies, including The Marconi Company, the first commercial company devoted to the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the world's first commercial jet airliner; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; and Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire. Since its formation it has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik, and made a number of acquisitions, most notably United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States.
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Bamber Bridge
Coordinates: 53°43′59″N 2°39′36″W / 53.733°N 2.660°W / 53.733; -2.660
Bamber Bridge is a village to the south of Preston, Lancashire, England. The name derives from the Old English 'bēam' and 'brycg', which probably means "tree-trunk bridge". It is mentioned in an undated medieval document. The village is often referred to as "Brig" by residents. People born in the village, are known as "Briggers".
By 1764 calico printing had been established in the village and this was the first example of calico printing anywhere in Lancashire. Prior to the establishment of calico printing in the north, it was predominantly carried out in the south of England, before spreading to Scotland and the northern counties.
In 1857, the effect of the downturn in the cotton trade was such that a large manufacturer and spinner (Bamber Bridge SP & WN Co.) in the village reported liabilities estimated at £40,000 to £60,000, and were about to go on short time.
At approximately 7:00pm on Monday, 31 October 1859, a catastrophic fire burnt down the Withy Trees Mill in the village, owned by Eccles and Company. Contemporary reports said that the spinning-master and engineer had stayed on after the mill had closed at 6:00pm in order to effect some repairs to machinery on the third floor. A spark from the lamp they were using for illumination is said to have dropped upon some cotton waste, igniting it. Nobody was killed or injured in the fire, but between 16,000 and 17,000 spindles and 270 looms were destroyed and 250 hands were rendered unemployed at a stroke.
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Bank Hall
Bank Hall is a Jacobean mansion in Bretherton, Lancashire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building. The hall was built on the site of an older house in 1608 by the Banastres who were lords of the manor. The hall was extended during the 18th and 19th centuries. Extensions were built for George Anthony Legh Keck, in 1832–1833 to the design of architect George Webster.
Legh Keck died in 1860 and the estates passed to Thomas Powys, 3rd Baron Lilford. The contents were auctioned in 1861 and the hall used as a holiday home and later leased to tenants. During the Second World War the Royal Engineers used it as a control centre. After the war the estate was returned to the Lilfords whose estate offices moved to the east wing of the house until 1972 when the house was vacated. The building was used as a location for the 1969 film The Haunted House of Horror.
The house was vandalised causing rapid deterioration. In 1995 the Bank Hall Action Group was formed to raise public awareness, collect funds, host events, and clear the overgrown grounds. In 2003 Bank Hall featured in the BBC's Restoration television series. Since 2006 the action group and Urban Splash have planned to restore the house as apartments retaining the gardens, entrance hall and clock tower for public access and the Heritage Trust for the North West (HTNW) plans to renovate the potting sheds and walled gardens.
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Barnoldswick
Coordinates: 53°54′53″N 2°11′22″W / 53.9147°N 2.1895°W / 53.9147; -2.1895
Barnoldswick (colloquially known as Barlick) is a town and civil parish within the West Craven area of the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England just outside the Yorkshire Dales National Park and the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The town is built in the shadow of Weets Hill, and Stock Beck, a tributary of the River Ribble runs through the town. It has a population of 10,859.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and nestling on the lower slopes of Weets Hill in the Pennines astride the natural watershed between the Ribble and Aire valleys, Barnoldswick is the highest town on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, lying as it does on the summit level of the canal between Barrowford Locks to the south west and Greenberfield Locks just north east of the town. It is approximately 30 miles (48 km) from the cities of Leeds, Manchester and Preston, and 27 miles (43 km) east southeast from the county town of Lancaster. Nearby towns include Clitheroe to the west, Nelson and Burnley to the south and Keighley to the east southeast.
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Barrowford
Coordinates: 53°51′04″N 2°13′16″W / 53.851°N 2.221°W / 53.851; -2.221
Barrowford is a large village and civil parish in the Pendle district of Lancashire, England. It is situated to the north of Nelson on the other side of the M65 motorway, and forms part of the Nelson conurbation. It also comprises the area of Lowerford and sometimes gets confused with its neighbour Higherford. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 6,039.
Barrowford is situated on the Marsden–Gisburn–Long Preston Turnpike. One of the original toll houses, dating from 1804-05, can still be seen at the junction with the road to Colne, complete with a reproduction of the table of tolls which were paid. The toll house was restored in the 1980s and is owned by the trust which operates nearby Pendle Heritage Centre. Barrowford is located about a mile from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, and a set of seven locks leads to the highest section of the canal between Barrowford and Barnoldswick. About a mile on from the locks heading towards Leeds is Foulridge Tunnel known locally as the mile tunnel. The packhorse bridge near Higherford Mill is the oldest in Barrowford, dating back to the end of the 16th century. It formerly lay on the old main road to Gisburn which was superseded by the Turnpike road built in 1804. In September 2006 this mill was featured on the BBC's Restoration programme.
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Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
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Bickerstaffe
Coordinates: 53°32′02″N 2°50′17″W / 53.534°N 2.838°W / 53.534; -2.838
Bickerstaffe is a village and civil parish in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. According to the 2001 Census the population of the civil parish was 1,196, although the population of the electoral ward was slightly greater at 2,013. The village is near junction 3 of the M58 motorway, and is about four miles west of Skelmersdale.
Its name may come from Anglo-Saxon bïcera stæþ = "the beekeepers' landing-place".
In the seventeenth century, Bickerstaffe was an important local centre of the Quakers in West Lancashire.
The local church is Holy Trinity.
Public houses and restaurants in the area include The Stanley Gate, The Sandpipers and Quattros.
The grounds of Bickerstaffe AFC are at Hall Lane next to Bickerstaffe C.E school.
An annual music festival, Bickerstock, takes place in the summer season, featuring local and international artists, and drawing in increasingly large crowds.
Bickerstaffe Stocks are one of the only listed structures of historical importance in the village.
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Blackburn
Coordinates: 53°44′42″N 2°28′37″W / 53.7449°N 2.4769°W / 53.7449; -2.4769
Blackburn ( pronounced /ˈblækbɜrn/) (help·info)) is a large town in Lancashire, England. It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, 9 miles (14 km) east of the city of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. and is 13 miles (21 km) north of the border with Greater Manchester. Blackburn is bounded to the south by Darwen, with which it forms the unitary authority area of Blackburn with Darwen, Blackburn being the administrative centre. At the time of the UK Government's 2001 census, Blackburn had a population of 105,085, whilst the wider borough of Blackburn with Darwen had a population of 140,700.
A former mill town, textiles have been produced in Blackburn since the middle of the 13th century, when wool was woven in people's houses in the domestic system. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the woollen cottage industry in the region.James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, was a weaver in Blackburn. The most rapid period of growth and development in Blackburn's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Blackburn was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first industrialised towns in the world.
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Blackburn Cathedral
Blackburn Cathedral, officially known as the Cathedral Church of Blackburn Saint Mary the Virgin with St Paul, is a cathedral situated in the heart of Blackburn town centre, in Lancashire, England. The cathedral site has been home to a church for over a thousand years and the first stone church was built there in Norman times.
With the creation of the Diocese of Blackburn in 1926 (taken from the Diocese of Manchester) the impressive parish church of St Mary the Virgin was raised to cathedral status. The church, which was built in 1826 and designed by architect John Palmer, now forms the cathedral's nave.
In the early 1930s, fundraising began to enlarge the cathedral so that the building complemented its newfound importance. By 1938, enough money had been raised and work began on enlarging the new cathedral. Although work was interrupted by the war, it was resumed afterwards and continued through the 1950s and into the early 1960s. After the death of architect W.A. Forsyth in 1950, architect Laurence King joined the project and designed the distinctive lantern tower. The lantern tower, which consists of 56 different panes of coloured glass and an aluminium spire, was completed in 1967.
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Blackpool
Blackpool
i/ˈblækpuːl/ is a borough, seaside town, and unitary authority area of Lancashire, in North West England. It is situated along England's west coast by the Irish Sea, between the Ribble and Wyre estuaries, 17.5 miles (28.2 km) northwest of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north of Liverpool, 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Bolton and 40 miles (64 km) northwest of Manchester. It has an estimated population of 140,000, making it the third most populous settlement in North West England after Manchester and Liverpool, and a population density that makes it the fourth most densely populated borough of England and Wales outside Greater London.
Throughout the Middle Ages and Early Modern period, Blackpool was a coastal hamlet in Lancashire's Hundred of Amounderness, and remained such until the mid-18th century when it became fashionable in England to travel to the coast during the summer to bathe in sea water to improve well-being. In 1781, visitors attracted to Blackpool's 7-mile (11 km) sandy beach were able to use a newly built private road, built by Thomas Clifton and Sir Henry Hoghton. Stagecoaches began running to Blackpool from Manchester in the same year, and from Halifax in 1782. In the early 19th century, Henry Banks and his son-in-law John Cocker erected new buildings in Blackpool such that its population grew from less than 500 in 1801 to over 2,500 in 1851. St John's Church in Blackpool was consecrated in 1821.
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Blackpool Tower
Blackpool Tower is a tourist attraction in Blackpool, Lancashire in England which was opened to the public on 14 May 1894. (grid reference SD 306 360). Inspired by the Eiffel Tower in Paris, it rises to 518 feet 9 inches (158.12 metres). The tower is a member of the World Federation of Great Towers. The tower is a Grade 1 listed building.
The idea for the tower came when Blackpool Mayor John Bickerstaffe commissioned the design of a new landmark for the town after he visited the Exposition Universelle (World Fair) of 1889 and was impressed by the Eiffel Tower. When he returned to Blackpool he set up a committee of businessmen in order to raise the funds to build a similar design in the town.
He invested £2,000 of his own money to form, with other local investors, the Blackpool Tower Company Limited, registered on 19 February 1891.
Two Lancashire architects, James Maxwell and Charles Tuke, designed the Tower and oversaw the laying of its foundation stone, on 29 September 1891 with a time capsule buried beneath it. By the time the Tower finally opened on 14 May 1894, both men had died. The total cost for the design and construction of the tower and buildings was about £290,000. Five million bricks, 2,500 tonnes of iron and 93 tonnes of cast steel were used to construct the tower. The cast steel and iron are distributed in such a way that if it did ever collapse it would fall into the sea. A system of hydraulic riveting was used based on the technology of Fielding & Platt.
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Blackpool Urban Area
Coordinates: 53°49′48″N 2°56′28″W / 53.830°N 2.941°W / 53.830; -2.941 Greater Blackpool is the informal name for the urban area surrounding Blackpool in Lancashire, England. The ONS define a Blackpool Urban Area, with a population of 261,088 (2001 census), down 0.1% from the 1991 figure of 261,355.
It includes the following places:
Blackpool itself has a population of 142,283, although during the summer months the population of the town can rise to three times this figure. According to Lancashire Tourist Board there were 360,000 people living in the town during April and August 2003, the majority of these people working in Blackpool for the summer season.
The postcode for Blackpool Urban Area is FY (for the Fylde), making it one of the few districts with a code not named after the largest town or city.
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Bolton
Coordinates: 53°34′43″N 2°25′48″W / 53.578474°N 2.429914°W / 53.578474; -2.429914
Boltoni/ˈboʊltən/ is a town in Greater Manchester, in the North West of England. Close to the West Pennine Moors, it is 10 miles (16 km) north west of the city of Manchester. Bolton is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the administrative centre. The town of Bolton has a population of 139,403, whilst the wider metropolitan borough has a population of 262,400.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bolton originated as a small settlement in the moorland known as Bolton le Moors. During the English Civil War the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in a staunchly Royalist region, and as a result Bolton was stormed by 3,000 Royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1644. In what became known as the Bolton Massacre, 1,600 residents were killed and 700 were taken prisoner.
Noted as a former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area during the 15th century, developing a wool and cotton weaving tradition. The urbanisation and development of Bolton largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. It was a boomtown of the 19th century and at its zenith, in 1929, its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dying works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War, and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton.
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Bootle
Coordinates: 53°26′45″N 2°59′21″W / 53.4457°N 2.9891°W / 53.4457; -2.9891
Bootle (pronounced /ˈbuːtəl/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England, and a 'Post town' in the L postcode area. Formally known as Bootle-cum-Linacre, the town is 4 miles (6.4 km) to the north of Liverpool city centre, and has a total resident population of 77,640.[disputed – discuss]Historically part of Lancashire, Bootle's economy has been centred around the docks and their associated industries for decades.
Bootle, along with Southport, is one of the two main administrative headquarters for the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton. Among Bootle's neighbouring districts are Kirkdale to the south, Walton to the east, with Seaforth and Litherland to the north. To the west the Port of Liverpool flanks the River Mersey.
The old civic centre of Bootle contains large Victorian buildings such as the town hall and the municipal baths. East of this centre is a sizable area of large office blocks, to the west is the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and large areas of docks lining the River Mersey. To the north lies the New Strand Shopping Centre, which gained notoriety after the abduction and murder of two-year-old James Bulger in 1993.
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Borough of Burnley
Coordinates: 53°47′13″N 2°14′42″W / 53.787°N 2.245°W / 53.787; -2.245
The Borough of Burnley is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a non-metropolitan district and borough. It has an area of 42.7 square miles (110.7 km2) and a population of 85,300 (2010 est.), and is named for its largest town, Burnley. The borough is bounded by Hyndburn, Ribble Valley, Pendle, Rossendale — all in Lancashire — and the borough of Calderdale — in West Yorkshire. It is governed by Burnley Borough Council, which has been controlled by the Liberal Democrats since 2008.
The current borders date from April 1, 1974, when the former county borough of Burnley merged with the urban district of Padiham and part of Burnley Rural District. In 2007 its proposal to merge with neighbouring Pendle Borough Council to form a larger unitary authority was rejected by the government.
Burnley Borough Council has been governed since 2008 by the Liberal Democrats after a predominantly Labour controlled history. The borough comprises 15 wards electing a total of 45 councillors.
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Borough of Chorley
Coordinates: 53°39′11″N 2°37′55″W / 53.653°N 2.632°W / 53.653; -2.632
The Borough of Chorley is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is named after its largest settlement, the town of Chorley.
The present Borough of Chorley was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the then existing municipal borough of Chorley with the urban districts of Adlington and Withnell, and Chorley Rural District.
With exception of the town of Chorley, which remains an unparished area, the borough has twenty-three civil parishes: Adlington, Anderton, Anglezarke, Astley Village, Bretherton, Brindle, Charnock Richard, Clayton-le-Woods, Coppull, Croston, Cuerden, Eccleston, Euxton, Heapey, Heath Charnock, Heskin, Hoghton, Mawdesley, Rivington, Ulnes Walton, Wheelton, Whittle-le-Woods, and Withnell.
Chorley Council is made up of forty-seven councillors, representing the following twenty electoral wards:
The Chorley Parliament constituency is a constituency in the House of Commons, and until recently it was coterminous with the borough. Through boundary changes, Croston, Eccleston, Bretherton and Mawdesley were transferred to the South Ribble constituency. The current Member of Parliament for Chorley is Lindsay Hoyle, who was first elected to the seat in 1997.
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Borough of Copeland
Coordinates: 54°25′52″N 3°23′20″W / 54.431°N 3.389°W / 54.431; -3.389
The Borough of Copeland is a local government district and borough in western Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Whitehaven. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Whitehaven, Ennerdale Rural District and Millom Rural District.
The name is derived from an alternate name for the Cumberland ward of Allerdale above Derwent, which covered roughly the same area.
Different explanations exist for the name. According to a document issued at the time of the borough's grant of arms, the name Copeland is derived from kaupland or bought land, the area of the Forest having been bought from the estate of St Bees Priory.
Angus Winchester (1985) upholds that the name kaupland derives from the Irish-Norse invasion of the area in the tenth century (Wainwright 1975). According to this explanation, the area was purchased from the Kingdom of Strathclyde, possibly with loot from Ireland. Geoffrey Hodgson (2008) argues that this Viking invasion accounts for the high frequency of the Hodgson surname in the area.
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Borough of Fylde
Coordinates: 53°45′47″N 2°56′02″W / 53.763°N 2.934°W / 53.763; -2.934
The Borough of Fylde is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It covers part of the Fylde plain, after which it is named. The council's headquarters are in St Annes. Some council departments, including Planning and an office of the Registrar, were previously located in Wesham, but in 2007 these offices were transferred to the ownership of the NHS North Lancashire Primary Care Trust.
Fylde borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, on 1 April 1974 by the merger of the borough of Lytham St Annes, Kirkham Urban District, and Fylde Rural District.
The armorial arms of the borough bear the motto of the former Fylde RDC "Gaudeat Ager" from Psalm 96: ‘Let the field (Fylde) be joyful' - "Let Fylde Prosper". The armorial bearings comprise a complete Achievement of Arms, that is - shield, crest and helm and mantling, supporters, badge and motto. They reflect the union of the three local authorities in the area: Lytham St Annes Borough Council, Kirkham Urban District Council and Fylde Rural District Council.
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Borough of Halton
Halton is a local government district in North West England, with borough status and administered by a unitary authority. It was created in 1974 as a district of Cheshire, and became a unitary authority area on 1 April 1998. It consists of the towns of Widnes and Runcorn and the civil parishes of Hale, Daresbury, Moore, Preston Brook, Halebank and Sandymoor. The district borders Merseyside, Warrington and Cheshire West and Chester. The borough straddles the River Mersey - the area to the north (including Widnes) is historically part of Lancashire, that to the south (including Runcorn) part of Cheshire.
Although Halton dates back to the 12th century (and beyond) when land on both sides of the river belonged to the Barony of Halton, the origin of the District Council was the outcome of the local government commission's suggested reforms of England, in 1969, the Redcliffe-Maud Report. This proposed to create metropolitan counties constituted of Metropolitan District Councils in the most urbanised parts of England. The model was that of the London Boroughs and Greater London Council formed in 1964. South Lancashire and North Cheshire were two of these and two new Metropolitan Counties were to be formed around Liverpool (as 'Merseyside' county) and Manchester/Salford (as 'Greater Manchester' county.) however, the towns of Widnes and Runcorn (and the County Borough of Warrington) which lay between these were reluctant to join either. The Commission agreed that the Halton group and Warrington were to become District Councils within Cheshire, as they were detached from Lancashire by the two new Metropolitan Counties controlling the territory to the north. However, the Metropolitan Counties ceased as local government units (along with the GLC) in 1984 and any remaining powers were devolved to the constituent Metropolitan Districts which cooperated over joint police authorities and fire services.
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Bretherton
Coordinates: 53°40′42″N 2°47′47″W / 53.678313°N 2.796266°W / 53.678313; -2.796266
Bretherton is a small village and civil parish in the Borough of Chorley, Lancashire, England situated to the south west of Leyland and east of Tarleton. Its name suggests pre-conquest origins and its early history was closely involved with the manor house Bank Hall and the families who lived there. Bretherton remained a rural community and today is largely residential with residents travelling to nearby towns for employment.
Bretherton derives from either the Old English brothor and tun or Norse brothir and means "farmstead of the brothers". It was first recorded in documents in 1190. Bretherton has been variously recorded as Bretherton in 1242, Brotherton occurs in 1292, Bertherton in 1292 and Thorp was mentioned in 1212.
Bretherton, was part of the Penwortham fee and assessed as two plough-lands. It was given by the Bussels to Richard le Boteler of Amounderness, who made grants to Cockersand Abbey around 1200 and Lytham Priory. In 1242 the manor was held by six families of Richard Banastre, Walter de Hoole, Richard de Thorp, William de Brexes, Thomas de Gerstan and Simon del Pool who held the land from the Lord of Penwortham. Over time these six parts were consolidated into two moieties held by different branches of the Banastre family, the Banastres of Bank, and that of Sir Thomas Banastre. The Bank moiety remained with the Banastres until 1690 when Christopher Banastre died leaving two daughters. His eldest daughter, Anne, married Thomas Fleetwood who made the first to attempt at draining Martin Mere. Their daughter, Henrietta Maria, married Thomas Legh of Lyme Park and subsequently the manor descended to Lord Lilford. This branch of the family built or rebuilt Bank Hall in the Jacobean style in 1608.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃɪər/; archaically the County of Buckingham; abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe.
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire county, is divided into four districts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders Greater London (to the south east), Berkshire (to the south), Oxfordshire (to the west), Northamptonshire (to the north), Bedfordshire (to the north east) and Hertfordshire (to the east).
Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which limits development. It is the location of the nationally important Pinewood Studios and Dorney Lake, which will be holding the rowing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It is also well known for the new town of Milton Keynes and the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty.
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Burnley
Burnley is a market town in Lancashire, England, with a population of around 73,500. It is 21 miles (34 km) north of Manchester and 25 miles (40 km) east of Preston, at the confluence of the River Calder and River Brun. The town began to develop in the early medieval period as a number of farming hamlets surrounded by manor houses and royal forests, gaining a market over 700 years ago. During the Industrial Revolution, it became one of Lancashire's most prominent mill towns. At its peak, it was one of the world's largest producers of cotton cloth, and a major centre of engineering. Burnley now has a post-industrial economy and landscape, and is increasingly a dormitory town for Manchester, Leeds and the M65 corridor.
The name Burnley is believed to have been derived from Brun Lea meaning 'meadow by the River Brun'. Various other spellings have been used: Bronley (1241), Brunley (1251) and commonly Brumleye (1294)
Stone Age flint tools and weapons have been found on the moors around the town, as have numerous tumuli, stone circles, and some hill forts (see: Castercliff Camp, which dates from around 600 BC). Also, modern-day Back Lane, Sump Hall Lane and Noggarth Rd follow the route of a classic ridge road running east-west to the north of the town. This indicates that the area was populated during pre-history and was probably controlled by the Brigantes.
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Burscough
Coordinates: 53°36′00″N 2°50′41″W / 53.6001°N 2.8446°W / 53.6001; -2.8446
Burscough (pronounced /ˈbɜːrskoʊ/) is a village and civil parish within West Lancashire in North West England, to the north of both Ormskirk and Skelmersdale.The parish also includes the hamlet of Tarlscough.
Burscough developed originally as a two small farming villages (Burscough and Burscough Bridge) on a low ridge above the West Lancashire Coastal Plain, and has Viking roots — Burh-skogr = fortress in the woods. With constant development of new housing estates and apartments, Burscough's population has recently rapidly grown and the two communities have long since melded together. At the 2001 Census, the population of the parish stood at 8,968.
There was an operational Fleet Air Arm air station RNAS Burscough (HMS Ringtail) located 1.5 statute miles to the SW of the town. This was active between September 1943 and May 1946.
Burscough has a number of primary schools, which are:
Burscough's high school is:
There is also a secondary school, Burscough Priory Science College (formerly Burscough Priory High School), and also a small public library. Shopping in the town is dominated by a large Tesco supermarket, however there remains some other smaller shops including a Spar and a Co-op, as well as local florists, barbers, etc. For many years there was an Ordnance Depot on the eastern edge of Burscough, but this has closed and the site has been redeveloped into housing.
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Bury
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°17′53″W / 53.593°N 2.298°W / 53.593; -2.298
Bury /ˈbɛrɪ/ is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Bolton, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) west-southwest of Rochdale, and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. Bury is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, with Bury as the largest settlement and administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bury emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a mill town centred on textile manufacture.
Bury is regionally notable for its open-air market - Bury Market - and its popularity has been increased since the introduction of the Manchester Metrolink tram system, which terminates in the town. The market is known for its supply of a local traditional dish - black pudding, served hot or cold and can be eaten either as a takeaway snack, or more commonly as an accompaniment or main ingredient of a meal starter or main course.
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Bury Market
Bury Market is an open-air retail market located in the town of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It started in 1444. It consists of a large market hall, with extensive stalls outside, selling fruit, flowers, clothing and hardware. There is a new fish and meat market hall, constructed in the 1990s, on the site of a former National Westminster Bank. The market is operative on Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays and attracts visitors from miles around. It is famed for its black pudding stalls. It is situated near Bury's main shopping centre, MillGate.
The Market calls itself 'World Famous' and 'Really Huge'; both descriptions are somewhat subjective. The outside market has a flea market on certain days. Videos, DVDs and many more items can be purchased from here,
Coordinates: 53°35′28″N 2°17′40″W / 53.5912°N 2.2945°W / 53.5912; -2.2945
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Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃər/ or /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃɪər/; also known, archaically, as the County of Cambridge; abbreviated Cambs.) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The principal settlement is the city of Cambridge. Modern Cambridgeshire was formed from the historic counties of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, together with the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough; it contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen.
Cambridgeshire is twinned with Kreis Viersen in Germany.
Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlements in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate and Balbridie.
Cambridgeshire was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Grantbridgeshire" (or rather Grentebrigescire) (cf the river Granta). Covering a large part of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire today is the result of several local government unifications. In 1888 when county councils were introduced, separate councils were set up, following the traditional division of Cambridgeshire, for
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Carnforth
Coordinates: 54°07′23″N 2°45′58″W / 54.123°N 2.766°W / 54.123; -2.766
Carnforth is a small town and civil parish near Lancaster in the north of Lancashire, England, situated at the north east end of Morecambe Bay. The parish of Carnforth had a population of 5,350 recorded in the 2001 census, and forms part of the City of Lancaster.
Due to the closeness of the coast and the hills, Carnforth is a popular base for walkers and cyclists exploring the area. the West Coast Main Line (WCML), the A6 and the Lancaster Canal pass through the town. The M6 motorway passes just to the east, linked to Carnforth by the A601(M).
Much of the history of Carnforth revolves around the railway and ironworks. Vast deposits of limestone located locally made Carnforth an ideal place for an ironworks, as limestone is a key component of the smelting process. In 1846 the Carnforth Ironworks Company established a works, located near the railway station. In the same year a recession occurred in the Earl of Dudley ironworks in Worcestershire, this meant there was a surplus of workers. A number of workers moved to the ironworks and lived in the nearby company village of Dudley (now called Millhead). In 1864 the Carnforth Haematite Company took over the works and production was vastly increased due to iron ore that was brought in by rail from the Furness Peninsula. By 1872 steel production became the main focus for the works using the new Bessemer process. By 1889 this process had failed.[citation needed]Iron production continued at the works until 1929 when it eventually closed down. The site was taken over by the War Department (UK) as an ordnance depot and remained as such until the 1960s. From then to the present the site is now an industrial estate consisting of several businesses.
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Cartmel
Coordinates: 54°11′56″N 2°57′04″W / 54.199°N 2.951°W / 54.199; -2.951
Cartmel is a village in Cumbria, England, situated 2.2 miles (3.5 km) north-west of Grange-over-Sands and close to the River Eea. Historically it was in Lancashire; boundary changes brought it into the newly created county of Cumbria in 1974, yet keeping it within the boundaries of the traditional County Palatine of Lancaster (Lancashire; which is quite different from the Duchy of Lancaster) where, as in other palatines, the king's writ did not run. The village was once known as Kirkby in Cartmel, as it was the location of the church for the large parish of Cartmel. It is the location of the 12th-century Cartmel Priory.
The village has more recently become known as the "home of sticky toffee pudding", which can be purchased in various sizes from the Cartmel Village Shop. Its racecourse hosts popular meetings two or three times a year, traditionally in Whit Week. The ancient parish was traditionally known as the Land of Cartmel - an area quite separate from the Furness peninsula. Holker Hall, associated with the Cavendish family and the Dukes of Devonshire, is located within the original boundaries of the parish.
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Castleshaw
Coordinates: 53°35′02″N 2°00′03″W / 53.5840°N 2.0008°W / 53.5840; -2.0008
Castleshaw is a hamlet in the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines, 2.4 miles (3.9 km) north of Uppermill, 3 miles (4.8 km) west-southwest of Marsden, and 5.3 miles (8.5 km) east-northeast of Oldham.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Castleshaw is most notable for the Castleshaw Roman fort, the remains of an ancient castrum.
There used to be a Roman fort situated near to the head of the valley. A series of modern mounds and ditches have been laid out to mark the site, on the edge of Castleshaw Upper Reservoir. The Castleshaw area was once also home to a sanitorium, which is now used as a Youth Training Centre.
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Central Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°42′36″N 2°38′35″W / 53.710°N 2.643°W / 53.710; -2.643
Central Lancashire is a designated new town in England. The designated area covers the towns of Preston, Leyland (in South Ribble) and Chorley (in the borough of Chorley). It was designated a new town by the Secretary of State for the Environment on 26 March 1970, the last designation to be made.
The largest of the English new towns, Central Lancashire New Town covers 35,255 acres (143 km2), the entirety of the county borough of Preston, parts of Chorley, Fulwood, Leyland and Walton-le-Dale, and also parts of Chorley Rural District and Preston Rural District..
Central Lancashire New Town pioneered the use of Shared Ownership (a new form of Property ownership introduced by the Housing Act 1980) and also witnessed the first transfer of social housing stock to registered Housing Associations following tenant consultation and ballots.
The three local government district councils for the City of Preston, the Borough of South Ribble and the Borough of Chorley have adopted the name "Central Lancashire" to refer the entirety of all three districts. The British Office for National Statistics gives a figure for the Preston Urban Area, covering Preston, Leyland, Chorley, Euxton and Wymott Prison, of 264,601.
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Chadderton
Coordinates: 53°32′46″N 2°08′33″W / 53.5462°N 2.1426°W / 53.5462; -2.1426
Chadderton (pop. 33,000) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England, historically a part of Lancashire. It lies along the course of the River Irk and the Rochdale Canal, on undulating land in the foothills of the Pennines, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Oldham, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south of Rochdale, and 6 miles (9.7 km) northeast of the city of Manchester.
During the Middle Ages, Chadderton was chiefly distinguished by its two mansions, Foxdenton Hall and Chadderton Hall, and by the prestigious families who occupied them. Its early history is marked by its status as a manorial township, with its own line of lords and overlords, who included the Asshetons, Chethams, Radclyffes, and Traffords. Farming was the main industry of the area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
Chadderton's urbanisation and expansion largely coincided with developments in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. A late 19th-century factory-building boom transformed Chadderton from a rural township into a major mill town—one of several in its region—and the second most populous urban district in the United Kingdom. More than 50 cotton mills had been built in Chadderton by 1914.
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Chorley
Coordinates: 53°39′11″N 2°37′55″W / 53.653°N 2.632°W / 53.653; -2.632
Chorley is a market town in Lancashire, in North West England. It is the largest settlement in the Borough of Chorley. Chorley is located 8.1 miles North of Wigan and 19.5 miles north west of Manchester. As with the Lancashire and Greater Manchester region, the town's wealth came principally from the cotton industry. As recently as the 1970s the skyline was dominated by numerous factory chimneys, but most are now demolished: remnants of the industrial past include Morrison's chimney and a few other mill buildings, and the streets of terraced houses for mill workers. Chorley is known as the home of the Chorley cake.
The name Chorley came from Anglo-Saxon Ceorla-lēah = "the peasants' clearing".
The area around Chorley has been inhabited since at least the Bronze Age. The earliest find came from 3500 BC on Anglezarke Moor at Round Loaf. A farmer at Astley Hall Farm found a pottery burial urn from this period in 1963. This find was followed up with further excavations, with further artifacts being found. Objects from these excavations are on display at the hall's museum.[citation needed]
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City of Carlisle
The City of Carlisle ( /kɑrˈlaɪl/, locally /ˈkɑːlaɪl/) is a local government district of Cumbria, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Carlisle, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Brampton and Longtown, as well as outlying villages including Dalston, Scotby and Wetheral. The city has a population of 100,739, and an area of 1,039.97 square kilometres (402 sq mi), making it the largest city in England by area (although the majority of its territory is not urbanised, but rural).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of two former local government districts—the City and County Borough of Carlisle and the Border Rural District of Cumberland. The City of Carlisle shares a border with Scotland (to the north), and is bounded on the southwest by the borough of Allerdale, and on the south by Eden. The county of Northumberland is to the east.
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City of Lancaster
The City of Lancaster ( /ˈlæŋkəstər/), is a local government district of Lancashire, England, with the status of a city and non-metropolitan district. It is named after its largest settlement, Lancaster, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Morecambe, Heysham, and Carnforth, as well as outlying villages, farms and rural hinterland. The city has a population of 133,914, and an area of 222 square miles (575 km2).
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts—the municipal boroughs of Lancaster and Morecambe and Heysham, together with the Carnforth Urban District and rural districts of Lancaster and Lunesdale, all from the administrative county of Lancashire.
The higher tier of local government is Lancashire County Council. At a lower level, there are many parish councils. There is a List of civil parishes in the district.
The district comprises two parliamentary constituencies: Lancaster and Fleetwood and Morecambe and Lunesdale. In the 2010 General Election both seats were won by the Conservatives.
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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City of Salford
The City of Salford ( /ˈsɒlfəd/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. It is named after its largest settlement,Salford, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Eccles, Swinton and Pendlebury, Walkden and Irlam which apart from Irlam each have a population of over 35,000. The city has a population of 218,000, and is administered from the Salford Civic Centre in Swinton.
The current city boundaries were set as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, and cover an amalgamation of five former local government districts. It is bounded on the south east by the River Irwell, which forms its boundary with the city of Manchester and by the Manchester Ship Canal to the south, which forms its boundary with Trafford. The metropolitan boroughs of Wigan, Bolton and Bury lie to the west, northwest and north respectively. Some parts of the city, which lies directly west of Manchester, are highly industrialised and densely populated, but around one third of the city consists of rural open space. This is because the western half of the city stretches across an ancient peat bog known as Chat Moss.
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Cleveleys
Coordinates: 53°52′52″N 3°02′24″W / 53.881°N 3.040°W / 53.881; -3.040
Cleveleys (with its neighbouring village of Thornton, collectively known as Thornton-Cleveleys) is a town on the Fylde Coast of Lancashire, England, about 4 miles north of Blackpool and 2 miles south of Fleetwood. It is part of the Borough of Wyre.
At the start of World War II, several departments of the Ministry of Pensions, the Ministry of Education and the Board of Trade were moved to the Cleveleys area. Some were housed in the Rossall School briefly. An extensive site was developed for the Ministry of Pensions in the Norcross section of Carleton and all the government departments moved out in 1940.
Cleveleys is the hometown of published author Malcolm Brocklehurst. His works include 'The Secret History of Christianity' 2008 and 'The House of Cavendish~Outroads' 2010
On 1 February 2008, the MS Riverdance ferry, while undertaking a regular sailing from Northern Ireland to Heysham under severe stormy conditions, ran aground on the beach, close to the boundary with Blackpool.
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Clitheroe
Coordinates: 53°52′16″N 2°23′30″W / 53.8711°N 2.3916°W / 53.8711; -2.3916
Clitheroe ( /ˈklɪðɨroʊ/) is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is near the Forest of Bowland and is often used as a base for tourists in the area. It has a population of 14,697. The most notable building in the town is Clitheroe Castle, suggested to be one of the smallest Norman keeps in the country.
The town elected two members to the Unreformed House of Commons. The Great Reform Act reduced this to one. It was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and remained a municipal borough until the Local Government Act 1972 came into force in 1974 when it became a successor parish within the Ribble Valley district.
The name Clitheroe is thought to come from the Anglo-Saxon for "Rocky Hill", and was also spelled Clyderhow and Cletherwoode. The town was the administrative centre for the lands of the Honor of Clitheroe. These lands were held by Roger de Poitou, who passed them to the De Lacy family from whom they passed in 1311 to Thomas, Earl of Lancaster and subsequently, to the Duchy of Lancaster. At one point the town of Clitheroe was given to Richard, 1st Duke of Gloucester. Up until 1835 the Lord of the Honor was also by right Lord of Bowland, the so-called Lord of the Fells.
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Clitheroe Castle
Clitheroe Castle in Clitheroe, Lancashire, England is a motte and bailey castle built in a natural carboniferous limestone outcrop.
It has been suggested that Clitheroe Castle may have been first built before 1086 as there is reference to the "castellatu Rogerii pictaviensis" in the Domesday Book. However, it is likely the passage refers to another castle. One alternative is that it was built around 1186 by Robert de Lacy as an administrative centre for his estates in the area but later passed by inheritance to the Crown. It consists of one of the smallest keeps in the country and at one time it was surrounded by a curtain wall. It was anciently the seat of the Lords of Bowland.
A document from 1304 mentions ditches and moats surrounding the castle, however these have since been filled in.
There is a legend that the Devil threw a boulder from Pendle Hill and hit the castle creating the hole you can see today.
The museum underwent a £3.5-million refurbishment, starting in 2007 and open to the public in May 2009. Today the castle is freely open to the public and in the bailey is the Clitheroe Castle Museum, which does have an admission charge.
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Cliviger
Coordinates: 53°45′54″N 2°12′22″W / 53.765°N 2.206°W / 53.765; -2.206
Cliviger is a civil parish within the Borough of Burnley, in Lancashire, England. It is situated to the southeast of Burnley, and northwest of Todmorden and has a population of 2,350. Although the whole parish lies within the Borough of Burnley it is actually split between three postal towns, with a few farms lying in either Todmorden or Bacup postal towns.
Nowadays, it is mainly a dormitory area for people working in Burnley.
Contrary to popular (and in some cases mistaken local) belief there is no village of "Cliviger". The principal settlements within the parish are Walk Mill, Southward Bottom, Overtown, Mereclough and Holme Chapel.
There is some conjecture as to the origin of the name, but it is popularly thought to have Saxon origins and means 'sloping acre'.[citation needed]. The most likely explanation though is that Cliviger is derived from "Clivacher", a name which first appears in 1152 when Henry de Lacy gifted the land to Kirkstall Abbey. Neither Clivercher, Clivacher nor Cliviger are mentioned in the Domesday survey. The name Clivacher is closely associated with a steward of the de Lacys, Gilbert de Clivacher; however the last known member of the family was Cecilia de Clivacher who died shortly before the accession of Edward I to the throne of England. After that the name becomes extinct.
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Colne
Coordinates: 53°51′19″N 2°10′32″W / 53.8554°N 2.1756°W / 53.8554; -2.1756
Colne (/kɒln/) is the second largest town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, with a population of 20,118. It lies at the eastern end of the M65, 6 miles north-east of Burnley, with Nelson immediately adjacent, in the Aire Gap with two main roads leading into the Yorkshire towns of Skipton and Keighley. It is 25 miles east of Preston, 25 miles north of Manchester and 30 miles west of Leeds. There is beautiful countryside around Colne and many old villages close by, including the Bronte Country and Haworth to the south east and Pendle Hill, Newchurch and Barley and Clitheroe to the north west. Nearby villages include Barrowford, Foulridge, Winewall, Cottontree, Trawden and Laneshaw Bridge and the hamlet of Wycoller with its historic pack horse bridge and clam bridge said to date back to the Iron Age. Wycoller Hall is a ruin there. There are narrow roads to the south over the moors to Hardcastle Crags and Hebden Bridge. The attractive Forest of Bowland lies near Pendle.
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Coppull
Coordinates: 53°37′15″N 2°39′41″W / 53.6209°N 2.6615°W / 53.6209; -2.6615
Coppull is a village and civil parish in Lancashire, England. It is part of the borough of Chorley, lies around 300 feet (91 m) above sea level and has a population of around 7,600. It is bounded by Whittle Brook, Clancutt Brook, the River Yarrow, Eller Brook, Hic-Bibi Brook and Stars Brook. Coppull is located between Chorley and Standish, Greater Manchester, to the east of the A49 road near Charnock Richard.
Coppull was archaically known as Cophulle, Crophull or Crophill, meaning "a cropped hill" or a "hill rising to a peak”.
Coppull was largely believed to have been a settlement formed by the Brigantes, and the area was subsequently occupied by the Romans; the Roman Road from Standish to their camp at Walton-le-Dale passed through the village.
The first mention of "Coppull" came in 1215 as Coppull of Worthington. By 1830 Coppull was a rather unimportant agricultural area of a few cottages, houses and farms, and a small chapel to the east.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
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Croston
Coordinates: 53°39′45″N 2°46′37″W / 53.662529°N 2.777067°W / 53.662529; -2.777067
Croston is a village and civil parish in Lancashire, England between Chorley and Southport and is next to the River Yarrow. St. Michael's and All Angels' Church is at the centre of the village. At the end of Church Street there is a stone cross which was erected in 1953. There is a 15th century cobbled pack horse bridge which crosses the River Yarrow. The village green is used as a venue for the annual May Day Madness and Bastille Day (14 July) celebrations.
Croston began in the 7th century when St. Aidan arrived at the riverside settlements. In the absence of a church, a cross erected as a place of worship. Croston gets its name from 'cross' derived from the Irish and the Scandinavian word 'tun' which means town (cross-town). It is unique as there are no other Crostons in the UK.
Centuries ago the parish of Croston was far larger than it is today[citation needed]. It included Chorley, Much Hoole, Rufford, Bretherton, Mawdesley, Tarleton, Hesketh Bank, Bispham, Walmer Bridge and Ulnes Walton. A charter granted by Edward I in 1283 permitted an annual medieval fair and market to be held on the village green. Ancient maps also depict a castle which is believed to have been of a wooden construction because there is no evidence of a stone structure.
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Cumberland
Cumberland ( /ˈkʌmbərlənd/) is a historic county of North West England, on the border with Scotland, from the 12th century until 1974. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974 (excluding Carlisle from 1914) and now forms part of Cumbria.
What was to become Cumberland had a complicated political history before the 12th century. The first record of the term "Cumberland" appears in 945, when the Anglo Saxon Chronicle recorded that the area was ceded to Malcolm I of Scotland by King Edmund of England. At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 most of the future county remained part of Scotland although some villages in the far south west, which were the possessions of the Earl of Northumbria, were included in the Yorkshire section with the Furness region.
In 1092 King William Rufus of England invaded the Carlisle district, settling it with colonists. He created an Earldom of Carlisle, and granted the territory to Ranulf Meschyn. In 1133 Carlisle was made the see of a new diocese, identical with the area of the earldom. However, on the death of King Henry I in 1135, the area was regained by Scotland's King David I. He was able to consolidate his power and made Carlisle one of his chief seats of government, while England descended into a lengthy civil war. In 1157 Henry II of England resumed possession of the area from Malcolm IV of Scotland, and formed two new counties from the former earldom: Westmorland and "Carliol". The silver-mining area of Alston, previously associated with the Liberty of Durham, was also added to the new county of Carliol for financial reasons. By 1177 the county of Carliol was known as Cumberland. The border between England and Scotland was made permanent by the Treaty of York in 1237.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Darwen
Coordinates: 53°41′53″N 2°27′40″W / 53.698°N 2.461°W / 53.698; -2.461
Darwen is a market town and civil parish located within Lancashire, England. Along with its northerly neighbour, Blackburn, it forms the Borough of Blackburn with Darwen — a unitary authority area. It is known locally as "Darren", and its residents are known as "Darreners". The main road through Darwen is the A666 towards Blackburn to the north and Bolton to the south, and ultimately Manchester. The town stands on the River Darwen, which flows from south to north and is visible only in the outskirts of the town, as within the town centre it is submerged.
Most authorities trace the name 'Darwen' to the Brythonic derw "oak", originally applied to the river; an etymology supported an older form of the name, Derewent (1208). It has also been claimed that the name Darwen stems from "Dwrgwyn", from the Old Welsh (also a Brythonic language) dwr or "water" and gwyn Brythonic for "white" or "clear". Thus the name may mean "clear water".
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Dorset
Dorset (
/ˈdɔrsɨt/) (or archaically, Dorsetshire), is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The ceremonial county comprises the area covered by the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, together with the unitary authorities of Poole and Bournemouth. Dorset covers an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi); it borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. Around half of Dorset's population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
The county has a long history of human settlement and some notable archaeology, including the hill forts of Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. A large defensive ditch, Bokerley Dyke, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset for up to 150 years. In 1348 the black death came ashore at Melcombe Regis and spread throughout England, killing a third of the population. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: the first trade union was formed by farm labourers from Tolpuddle in 1834, the Glorious Revolution was instigated in an ice-house at Charborough Park, and the Duke of Monmouth and his rebels landed at Lyme Regis. During the English Civil War (1642–1651) angry yokels fought with Cromwell's forces near Shaftesbury. The naval base at Portland has had a pivotal role in the nation's defence for many years, and with Weymouth and Poole was one of the main embarkation points on D-Day.
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Downholland
Downholland is a civil parish in Lancashire, England on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. The area contains several villages including Haskayne, Barton and Downholland Cross, and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the A5147.
Downholland was originally a township in the parish of Halsall, becoming formally a separate parish in 1866. It formed part of West Lancashire Rural District and, since 1974, is part of the West Lancashire district.
Google Maps misspells its name as "Downhollnad". Coincidentally, Downholland is located very near the Argleton field.
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Earby
Coordinates: 53°54′51″N 2°08′41″W / 53.9143°N 2.1446°W / 53.9143; -2.1446
Earby is a small town and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Colne, 7 miles (11.3 km) south-west of Skipton, and 11 miles (17.7 km) north-east of Burnley. The parish had a population of 4,348 recorded in the 2001 census,
Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, from 1909 to 1974, Earby formed an urban district. Since 1974 Earby has been in the West Craven area of Pendle, has a town council, and is part of the West Craven Area Committee on Pendle Borough Council.
Other smaller nearby towns include Thornton in Craven and Sough.
Earby also had its own railway station, but it was closed in 1970. The station was an interchange with the small branch to Barnoldswick.
Earby is served by television from both Leeds and Manchester; ITV (Yorkshire Television) and BBC North are both transmitted from the television mast at East Marton, 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Earby.BBC North West and ITV (Granada Television) are both received directly from the main Winter Hill transmitter. The BBC has a relay that overlooks Earby and has the four main BBC national FM radio stations (Radio 1 to 4).Fresh Radio in Skipton covers the area on MW 1413 kHz.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Eden District
Eden is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Penrith. It is named after the River Eden which flows north through the district toward Carlisle.
It has an area of 2,156 km², making it (since 2009) the eighth largest district in England and the largest non-unitary district. It also has the lowest population density of any English district, with a mean of just 24 persons per square kilometre.
The district council was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the Penrith urban district, Alston with Garrigill Rural District and Penrith Rural District, all in Cumberland, and Appleby Municipal Borough, part of Lakes urban district and North Westmorland Rural District, all in Westmorland.
Part of the Lake District National Park is in the district.
The West Coast Main Railway Line runs through the district but with only one station at Penrith. Services on this line are provided by Virgin Trains and First Transpennine Express. The Northern Rail Settle-Carlisle Railway also goes through the district and has stations at Armathwaite, Lazonby, Langwathby, Appleby and Kirkby Stephen.
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Edenfield
Coordinates: 53°39′46″N 2°18′34″W / 53.662804°N 2.309512°W / 53.662804; -2.309512
Edenfield is a village within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Lying on the River Irwell, it is around 1.25 miles (2.0 km) north of Ramsbottom, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Rawtenstall, and 6.0 miles (9.7 km) west of Norden, and has a total population of 2,080.
Edenfield village centre lies at the intersection of three A roads; the A676 from Bolton, the A680 from Accrington and Rochdale and the A56 from Rawtenstall and Bury. The M66 motorway terminates its course at Edenfield.
The village has recently seen growth as a commuter settlement for the Greater Manchester and South East Lancashire areas of the North West.
The origins of the Edenfield place name are not entirely clear, but it seems extremely unlikely that it derives from "fields of Eden" or similar. Given the large number of Norse-derived place names in Rossendale and bearing in mind that documents from the 17th century and older spell the name as Aydenfield or some variant of this, a likely etymology is the Norse "øy" (riverside ground/island; see for instance the village of Øyer) + "tun" (farmstead) + field; in other words, the land belonging to the farmstead by the river (Irwell).
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Edge Hill University
Edge Hill University is situated in Ormskirk, Lancashire, England. It has three faculties: Arts and Sciences, Education, and Health and Social Care.
Edge Hill College was opened on 24 January 1885 on Durning Road, Edge Hill, Liverpool, named after the district in which it was sited. It was the first non-denominational teacher training college for women in England. By 1892, Edge Hill was one of only two colleges in England combining teacher training and degree course study.
As student numbers increased, Edge Hill quickly outgrew its surroundings. The institution was handed over to the Lancashire Education Committee, with the foundation stone for the present Ormskirk campus laid on 26 October 1931. Between 1939 and 1946, the college was evacuated to Bingley, in Yorkshire, and the Ormskirk site was requisitioned for use as a military hospital.
Edge Hill became a mixed college, admitting its first male students in October 1959, when it had about 500 students in total. The institution has since expanded rapidly; with further developments at Ormskirk and the absorption of the former Sefton School of Health Studies, in 2011 there are over 25,000 students including over 9,000 studying full-time.
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Elslack
Elslack is a village and civil parish in the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England, near to the border with Lancashire and 4 miles west of Skipton. Thornton in Craven is nearby. It is mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Eleslac. The Tempest Arms is a large pub in the village, sited by the A56, which is popular with locals from the surrounding area. Elslack Moor, above the village, is crossed by the Pennine Way, though this does not visit the village itself.
Elslack also had its own railway station, but this was closed in 1952, with the line passing through it suffering the same fate in 1970 (the station site is now privately owned).
Media related to Elslack at Wikimedia Commons
Coordinates: 53°56′N 2°07′W / 53.933°N 2.117°W / 53.933; -2.117
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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.
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Euxton
Coordinates: 53°39′45″N 2°40′29″W / 53.662521°N 2.674674°W / 53.662521; -2.674674
Euxton is a village and civil parish of the Borough of Chorley, in Lancashire, England. The village is pronounced /ˈɛkstən/ "Exton") and is situated just to the south of Leyland, and to the west of Chorley.
Euxton's original village settlement in Pincock was based near the ford over the River Yarrow, along the route of the old Roman road (A49) that runs through the length of the village.
The manorial seat was Euxton Hall owned first by the Molyneux family and later by the Anderton family and the centre of the village later moved from the old ford to be closer to Euxton Hall and its chapel (now Euxton Parish Church).
Euxton Hall, which was a significant stately residence, now acts as a private hospital and is half its former glory, with the second storey being removed in the latter half of the twentieth century along with its grand colonnade. Euxton Hall Gate house can be seen at the bottom of the brow, near the parish church. Balshaw Lodge, which has recently been redeveloped, was originally built as guest lodgings for the hall.
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Farington
Coordinates: 53°42′11″N 2°41′06″W / 53.703°N 2.685°W / 53.703; -2.685
Farington is a small village and civil parish in the South Ribble local government district of Lancashire, England.
Farington railway station served the area from 1838 to 1960.
Situated to the immediate north of Leyland, Farington consists of villages, farms and mossland, modern residential development and an industrial area around the Leyland Trucks headquarters and assembly plant.
Farington is a civil parish forming part of South Ribble district, and was also within the Parliamentary Constituency of South Ribble until the 2010 general election. However, at the recommendation of the Boundary Commission, the area was moved into the Ribble Valley constituency. The parish includes the villages of Farington and Farington Moss, and parts of Lostock Hall and Whitestake.
The relationship between Farington and Leyland has always been strong but Farington is not part of Leyland. Stanifield Lane which runs through the village and into Leyland is the main thoroughfare for shoppers and commuters alike. There is a Catholic convent in Farington, serving a moderately large Catholic population.[citation needed] Farington has a park that has been referred to as the home of football in South Ribble.[citation needed]
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Farnworth
Coordinates: 53°32′43″N 2°24′00″W / 53.5452°N 2.3999°W / 53.5452; -2.3999
Farnworth is within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is located 2.3 miles (3.7 km) southeast of Bolton, 5 miles south-west of Bury (7 km), and 9 miles (14.5 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Farnworth lies on the River Irwell and the River Croal, and according to the United Kingdom Census 2001 it has a population of 25,264 people.
Farnworth derives from the Old English fearn, fern and worth an enclosure. Farnworth was recorded as Farneworth and Farnewrth in 1278 and 1279 and Ffornword in a land survey of 1282.
Farnworth was originally a hamlet in Barton. In the 13th century it was held by the Lords of Barton and Manchester. By 1320 Adam Lever, Richard Hulton and Richard Redford held the manor as tenants. Later the manor was acquired by the Hultons of Over Hulton. In 1666 there were 91 hearths in Farnworth liable to pay tax. The commons were enclosed in 1798. There was a watermill on the River Croal.
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Fleetwood
Coordinates: 53°55′23″N 3°00′54″W / 53.923°N 3.015°W / 53.923; -3.015
Fleetwood is a town within the Wyre district of Lancashire, England, lying at the northwest corner of the Fylde. It had a population of 26,840 people at the 2001 Census. It forms part of the Greater Blackpool conurbation. The town was the first planned community of the Victorian era. For most of the 20th century, Fleetwood was a prominent deep-sea fishing port, but, since the 1970s, the fishing industry has declined precipitously and the town has undergone economic difficulties. Fleetwood is also a seaside resort, serving as a quiet contrast to nearby Blackpool.
Ptolemy's Geographia in the 2nd century AD records a tribe known as the Setantii living in what is believed to be present-day West Lancashire, and a seaport built by the Romans called PORTVS SETANTIORVM ('the port of the Setantii') abutting Moricambe Aestuarium (presumably Morecambe Bay). There is also evidence of a Roman road running from Ribchester to Kirkham (12 miles southeast of Fleetwood) which then makes a sharp turn to the northwest. Together, these suggest that Fleetwood may well have been the location of this Roman port. No direct evidence of the port has been found, but in 2007, an Iron Age settlement was discovered at Bourne Hill, just south of present-day Fleetwood, suggesting the area was populated in pre-Roman times.
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Forest of Bowland
The Forest of Bowland, also known as the Bowland Fells, is an area of barren gritstone fells, deep valleys and peat moorland, mostly in north-east Lancashire, England. A small part lies in North Yorkshire, and much of the area was historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Once described as the "Switzerland of England", it has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) since 1964, and is used for grouse shooting, walking and cycling, though it is relatively unfrequented by tourists. One of the best known features of the area is Pendle Hill, which is separated from the main part of the Forest of Bowland AONB by the Ribble Valley.
In total, 13% of the AONB is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest for its important areas of heather moorland and blanket bog. The area is nationally and internationally important for its upland bird populations – the hen harrier is the symbol of the AONB. There are over 500 listed buildings and 18 scheduled monuments within the AONB.
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Forestry Commission
The Forestry Commission is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in Great Britain. It was set up in 1919 to expand Britain's forests and woodland after depletion during the First World War. To do this the commission bought large amounts of former agricultural land, eventually becoming the largest land owner in Britain.
Over time the purpose of the Commission broadened to include many other activities beyond timber production. One major activity is scientific research, carried out at several designated "research forests" across Britain. Recreation is also important, with several outdoor activities being actively promoted. Protecting and improving biodiversity within Britain's forests are both part of the Forestry Commission's remit.
The Forestry Commission manages almost one million hectares of land in Great Britain, making it the country's biggest land manager. The majority of the land (60%) is in Scotland, 26% of the landholding is in England and the remainder in Wales. Some of Britain's best-loved and most spectacular landscapes are in its care. Activities carried out on the forest estate include maintenance and improvement of the natural environment and the provision of recreation, timber harvesting to supply domestic industry, regenerating brownfield and replanting of harvested areas.
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Formby
Coordinates: 53°33′31″N 3°04′00″W / 53.5586°N 3.0666°W / 53.5586; -3.0666
Formby is a town and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. It has a population of approximately 25,000.
Historically a part of Lancashire, three manors are recorded in the Domesday book under "Fornebei" as Halsall, Walton and Poynton. The town's early recorded industry points to cockle raking, and shrimp fishing (in addition to arable ventures) last through into the 19th century. By 1872 the township and sub-district as of 1872 was made up of two chapelries (St. Peter and St. Luke), and contained Birkdale township, the hamlets of Ainsdale and Raven-Meols and Altcar parish. Formby was built on the plain adjoining the Irish Sea coast a few miles north of the Crosby channel where the sands afford shelter to the towns.
Formby is affluent with high owner-occupation and car ownership. Strong economic ties are retained with nearby Liverpool to which it acts as a dormitory town for some of its residents.
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Foulridge
Coordinates: 53°52′00″N 2°10′00″W / 53.866667°N 2.166667°W / 53.866667; -2.166667
Foulridge (pronounced "foalridge") is a small village and civil parish in Pendle, Lancashire, close to the border with North Yorkshire in England. It is situated just beyond Colne, on the route from the M65 to Skipton, and is an important stopping point on summit pound of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, just before it enters the Foulridge Tunnel. Noyna Hill, a well known local landmark, sits 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village.
An old tale is of a cow falling into the canal at one end then passing through the tunnel before rescue. It is said it was taken to the nearby pub and revived with a drink. There is also a large reservoir that feeds the canal and boating takes place on here. Barge trips are also available on the canal.
Foulridge has been part of Lancashire since the Middle Ages and was about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from the boundary of the old West Riding of Yorkshire. With the creation of the Borough of Pendle in 1974 parts of Yorkshire, including Earby and Barnoldswick, were transferred to Lancashire, and Foulridge moved further away from the White Rose county. There is an old village sign which used to mark the boundary with Yorkshire which has been affixed to the village hall in the centre of Foulridge. There is a large reservoir in the village which feeds the canal and which in turn is fed from other smaller reservoirs around the village.
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Freckleton
Coordinates: 53°45′12″N 2°52′03″W / 53.7533°N 2.8675°W / 53.7533; -2.8675
Freckleton is a village and civil parish on the Fylde coast in Lancashire, England, to the south of Kirkham and east of the seaside resort of Lytham St. Annes. It has a population of 6,045.
Freckleton is near to Warton, with its links to BAE Systems. Warton Aerodrome's 2.4 km runway is partly within Freckleton's boundary.
The name of the village appears in the Domesday Book as Frecheltun and is said to derive from "Farmstead of a man called Frecla", with Old English tun and Nordic personal name. An alternative spelling of Frequleton has been referred to in local history publications.
In the 19th century, Freckleton, already a place used to supply water to the Roman fort at Kirkham, was used as a port assisting the ship building industry[citation needed]. The local community helped making rope and sail cloth, remnants of which exist in local street names.
Freckleton has a parish council, and is part of the Fylde borough, and the Fylde constituency.
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Furness
Furness ( /ˈfɜrnɨs/) is a peninsula in south Cumbria, England. At its widest extent, it is incorrectly considered to cover the whole of North Lonsdale, that part of the Lonsdale hundred that is an exclave of the historic county of Lancashire, lying to the north of Morecambe Bay.
The area is divided into Low Furness and High Furness. Low Furness is the peninsula; it juts out into the Irish Sea and delineates the western edge of Morecambe Bay. The southern end of the peninsula is dominated by the bay's tidal mudflats. The long thin island of Walney lies off the peninsula's south-west coast. High Furness is the northern part of the area, that was part of North Lonsdale but is not on the peninsula itself. Much of it is within the Lake District National Park, and contains the Furness Fells. It borders England's largest body of water, Windermere. Additionally, the Cartmel Peninsula is often included in definitions of Furness. Strictly speaking, however, Cartmel is not part of Furness, forming a separate peninsula between the estuaries of the rivers Leven and Kent.
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Garstang
Coordinates: 53°54′11″N 2°46′01″W / 53.903°N 2.767°W / 53.903; -2.767
Garstang is a small town and civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England. It is ten miles north-northwest of the city of Preston and eleven miles south of Lancaster, and had a total resident population of 4,074 in 2001.. It is famous for being the world's first ever Fairtrade Town.
A brief but comprehensive history of the parish, including the parish church of St Helen in Churchtown and Greenhalgh Castle can be found in "The Parish of Garstang", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 7.
King Charles II is alleged to have spent the night in a town centre pub, the Royal Oak, during the Civil War.[citation needed]
St. John Plessington was born at Dimples Hall, which is just outside the town.
Garstang was once served by Garstang and Catterall railway station which closed in 1969, and Garstang Town railway station which closed to passengers in 1930.
The town is overlooked by the ruined remains of Greenhalgh Castle, built in 1490 by Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby.
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Gawthorpe Hall
Gawthorpe Hall, a Lancashire County Council property managed by the National Trust is an Elizabethan house, situated on the banks of the River Calder, in the town of Padiham, in the borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England. Since 1953, it has been designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage.
Although the house is more compact than power houses such as Chatsworth House or Tatton Park, it is described by the National Trust as an Elizabethan gem in the heart of industrial Lancashire. Nicholas Cooper describes it as an early example of a plan in which the main stair is immediately accessible from the main entrance, a feature that later became standard. The house is in a state of complete repair and its history stretches back to 1600, when rebuilding around the pele tower, already a Shuttleworth property, was begun by Lawrence Shuttleworth. The Shuttleworth family previously occupied Shuttleworth Hall near Hapton from the 12th century. Gawthorpe Hall was owned by the Kay-Shuttleworth family until 1970.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Goosnargh
Coordinates: 53°49′29″N 2°40′28″W / 53.82467°N 2.67447°W / 53.82467; -2.67447
Goosnargh ( /ˈɡuːznə/ GOOZ-nər) is a village and civil parish on the north side of Preston, Lancashire, England. The village lies between Broughton and Longridge, and mostly lies in the civil parish of Whittingham, although the ancient centre lies in the civil parish of Goosnargh. The parish of Goosnargh had a population of 1,204 recorded in the 2001 census.
The name, meaning "Gosan's or Gusan's hill pasture", derives from (an Old Irish personal name) and erg (Norse for "hill pasture"). The name appeared in the Domesday Book as "Gusansarghe" but by 1212 had changed to "Gosenargh", closer to today's pronunciation. However, one reference suggested "Gusansarghe" was from Norse gudhsins hörgi (related to hörgr), meaning "at the idol's (god's) temple."
The Anglican parish church of St Mary the Virgin is situated on Church Lane.
Goosnargh has two public houses, The Grapes located on Church Lane and The Stags Head on Whittingham Lane. The Bushells Arms located on Church Lane has closed.
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Great Altcar
Coordinates: 53°32′59″N 3°01′16″W / 53.5496°N 3.0210°W / 53.5496; -3.0210
Great Altcar is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England, close to Formby on the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. The name Altcar is Norse meaning "marsh by the Alt". The church of St Michael and All Angels is a timber framed structure dating from 1879.
The area is now intensively farmed. An area called The Moss is situated to the north, and is characterized by drainage dykes.
Altcar hosted hare coursing's Waterloo Cup from 1836 to 2005, originally with the patronage of William Philip Molyneux, 2nd Earl of Sefton. Altcar Rifle Range, established in 1860, is actually in Hightown.
Great Altcar is on the B5195 road. It was served by Altcar and Hillhouse railway station on the Cheshire Lines Committee Southport & Cheshire Lines Extension Railway Southport Extension until July 1952.
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Great Eccleston
Coordinates: 53°51′18″N 2°52′16″W / 53.855°N 2.871°W / 53.855; -2.871
Great Eccleston is a village and civil parish in the English county of Lancashire, situated on a coastal plain called the Fylde. The village lies to the south of the River Wyre and the A586 road, approximately 10 miles (16 km) upstream from the port of Fleetwood. At the 2001 United Kingdom census, the parish had a population of 1,473.
Great Eccleston is part of Wyre district and is in the parliamentary constituency of Wyre and Preston North. Locally, the village is known for its annual agricultural show.
Great Eccleston was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Eglestun. In various 13th-century documents it was recorded as Ecclisto, Ecleston and Great Eccleston. In 1066 when the Normans conquered England, the township of Great Eccleston—then part of the ancient hundred of Amounderness—was in the possession of Tostig Godwinson, the brother of King Harold II. Tostig died at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and his lands were subsequently taken over by the Normans. Between 1069 and 1086 William the Conqueror gave Amounderness to Roger de Poitou, an Anglo-Norman baron. In the Domesday Book, the area of Great Eccleston was estimated at two carucates (ploughlands) of land.
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Great Harwood
Coordinates: 53°46′55″N 2°23′54″W / 53.7820°N 2.3984°W / 53.7820; -2.3984
Great Harwood is a small town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-east of Blackburn.
Great Harwood is a town with a industrial heritage. The Mercer Hall Leisure Centre in Queen Street and the town clock pay tribute to John Mercer (1791–1866), the 'father' of Great Harwood, who revolutionised the cotton dyeing process with his invention of mercerisation. An agricultural society is also maintained.
The town was once on the Great Harwood loop of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, the last train running in November 1957. The Martholme Viaduct on the line remains about 1 mile north-east.
The town football team, Great Harwood Town, closed in July 2006.
Great Harwood Cricket Club, is a member of the Ribblesdale Cricket League, winning the senior division in 2008, and has seven teams ranging from under 9s through to senior level.
Great Harwood used to have a lively and bustling market around the town clock in the main square. It was very popular and drew people from across the county every week. It has declined in the last 15 years and almost disappeared but is now steadily increasing and with several stalls every Friday with fruit, vegetables, fish, meat, clothes and pet supplies.[citation needed]
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Grimsargh
Coordinates: 53°48′18″N 2°37′52″W / 53.805°N 2.631°W / 53.805; -2.631
Grimsargh is a village and civil parish in the City of Preston, Lancashire, England. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,164. The parish is part of the electoral ward of Preston Rural East.
The village lies between Preston and Longridge, and south of Goosnargh. Notable features include St. Michael's parish church (CE) and a large parkland area to the west of the village. Several large reservoirs can be found to the east and until recently these were used extensively by local anglers. The Savick Brook flows just north of the village. The village is also along the route of the Ribble Way.
The village has one public house, The Plough, situated in the village centre. The pub has won several county-wide awards for its food and service but has since changed owners. There is also a private members social club in the village.
Grimsargh was once a stop on the now dismantled Preston to Longridge railway line. A junction and platform to the north east of the station allowed passengers to board trains to the nearby Whittingham Hospital via the private Whittingham Hospital Railway.
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Halsall
Coordinates: 53°35′06″N 2°57′13″W / 53.5849°N 2.9536°W / 53.5849; -2.9536
Halsall is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England, located close to Ormskirk on the A5147 and Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The parish has a population of 1,921 and covers an area of 28.31 square kilometres. The church and much of the village stand on a rocky ridge, in marked contrast to the low-lying flat peat mossland between the ridge and the sand of Ainsdale and Birkdale.
In Halsall there is St Cuthbert's Church, which dates from the 14th century, the vicar of which is the Rev. Paul Robinson (also vicar of Lydiate). There is a junior school, St Cuthbert's Church of England Primary School with around 140 pupils from age 4 to 11. The Saracen's Head pub is a large public house on the banks of the canal. There is also a post office, a garage, a financial adviser office (in what used to be the Scarisbrick Arms public house) and a phone box. Halsall now has a pharmacy, situated by the playing fields. The central feature in the village is the war memorial located in front of the church on what is now a traffic island.
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Hampshire
Hampshire (i/ˈhæmpʃɪər/ or /ˈhæmpʃər/; abbreviated Hants) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the former capital city of England. Hampshire is the most populous ceremonial county in the United Kingdom and if excluding newly formed metropolitan counties such as the West Midlands, Hampshire would be the most populous county in the whole of the United Kingdom. Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. The ceremonial county borders Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, and West Sussex to the east. The southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and The Solent.
Hampshire is the largest county in South East England and the third largest shire county in the United Kingdom despite losing more land than any other English county during the Local Government Act 1972 boundary changes. At its greatest size in 1889, Hampshire was the fifth largest county in England. It now has an overall area of 3,700 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi), and measures approximately 86 kilometres (53 mi) east–west and 76 kilometres (47 mi) north–south.
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Harris Museum
Coordinates: 53°45′33″N 2°41′54″W / 53.75911°N 2.69825°W / 53.75911; -2.69825
The Harris Museum, Art Gallery & Preston Free Public Library is a Grade I listed museum building in Preston and has the largest gallery space in Lancashire, England.
In the 19th century, a Public Library boom hit the United Kingdom. The town of Preston wanted a grand museum and library for its inhabitants. Since 1850, locals had held fund-raising events to get enough money to build a museum and public library. In 1877, a Preston lawyer called Edmund Robert Harris, finally made the dream of Preston into a reality. He left instructions in his will with a sum of £300,000 to establish a trust that would provide funds to support the creation of several organisations in Preston including a library, museum and art gallery. The trust would work with Preston Council. In 1879, the first Preston lending library was set up in the Town Hall basement, while a public museum was set up on Cross Street, opening Ist May 1880. The popularity of this made the council decide to make a purpose built building to house the Public Library and Museum. Building work officially started on the museum in 1882 during the Preston Guild and it officially opened in 1893.
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Haslingden
Coordinates: 53°42′18″N 2°19′41″W / 53.705°N 2.328°W / 53.705; -2.328
Haslingden is a small town in Rossendale, Lancashire, England. It is 19 miles (31 km) north of Manchester. The name means 'valley of the hazels', though the town is in fact set on a high and windy hill. In the early 20th century Haslingden had the status of a municipal borough, but following local government reorganisation in 1974 it became part of the Borough of Rossendale. In 1831 there was a population of 7,776.
Haslingden is the birthplace of the composer Alan Rawsthorne (1905–1971) and the Manchester City and England footballer Colin Bell (b.1946), was the home for many years of the Irish Republican leader, Michael Davitt (1846–1906), and Haslingden Cricket Club is a member of the noteworthy Lancashire League.
Part of what is now Haslingden, along with that of the neighbouring towns of Rawtenstall and beyond that Bacup were part of the Forest of Blackburnshire, that part being the Forest of Rossendale. The Forest was a hunting park during the late 13th and 14th centuries; 'Forest' referred to it being parkland rather than being heavily wooded, as the forest declined much earlier, during the Neolithic period.
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Heaton Chapel
Coordinates: 53°25′N 2°11′W / 53.42°N 2.18°W / 53.42; -2.18
Heaton Chapel is an area in the northern part of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It borders the Manchester districts of Levenshulme to the north, the Stockport districts of Heaton Moor to the west, Reddish and Heaton Norris to the east and Heaton Mersey to the west and south. Heaton Chapel and its neighbouring areas are collectively known as the Four Heatons.
Before 1758, Heaton Chapel did not exist but was part of Heaton Norris. The need for a chapel was identified in Parliamentary Commission "Lancashire and Cheshire church surveys" (1649–1655) but it was a further hundred years before Mr A. Colier raised money by public subscription and Mr Sidebotham petitioned the bishop of Chester for a license to worship in 1758. It was dedicated 28 October 1758. It is speculated that the need for the chapel was stimulated by the preaching of Charles Wesley who visited Stockport in 1745. The Church was built on a field known as Yarn Croft of 1,712 square yards. The building was plain brick, with three rounded windows on the North side and three on the South side, and a small projecting chancel, which served as a place for the communion table, which was lit by means of a long round-headed window, with two long rectangular windows on each side. The church is 'miswent'; that is not built on a true east–west axis.
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Heaton Mersey
Coordinates: 53°24′47″N 2°12′25″W / 53.413°N 2.207°W / 53.413; -2.207
Heaton Mersey is a suburb of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. The area is situated on the north-western border of Stockport, and is adjacent to Didsbury and Burnage which are both in Manchester.
Heaton Mersey is a mostly residential area serving as a commuter zone for Manchester and surrounding area. Heaton Mersey and its neighbouring areas (Heaton Norris, Heaton Chapel and Heaton Moor) are collectively known as the Four Heatons. Part of Heaton Mersey has been designated a conservation area.
Heaton Mersey railway station, which was open from 1 January 1880 until 3 July 1961, lay on the line from Cheadle Heath to Manchester Central. The station was situated at the southern end of Station Road which still exists. The extension to Station Road, running into the western end of Craig Road, lies on the old track bed of the Midland line from Stockport Tiviot Dale. From January 1889 until 4 May 1968, there was a steam locomotive running shed named Heaton Mersey, which lay on the north bank of the Mersey and reached by a foot bridge still extant leading from Gorsey Bank Road.
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Heaton Moor
Coordinates: 53°25′01″N 2°11′20″W / 53.417°N 2.189°W / 53.417; -2.189
Heaton Moor is a suburb located in Stockport, Greater Manchester, in North West England. It is one of the Four Heatons and borders onto Heaton Chapel, Heaton Norris and Heaton Mersey. Heaton Moor is characterised by the affluent Victorian housing built between 1852 and 1892 along tree lined streets which follow the field patterns of a former agricultural economy.
Heaton Moor is in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, mainly within the Heatons North ward. It was originally in the township of Heaton Norris, in the Salford hundred of Lancashire. Following the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act it was administered by Heaton Norris Local Board as part of the Stockport Poor Law Union. In 1913, Heaton Moor, as part of Heaton Norris was absorbed into Stockport, in the county of Cheshire.
Heaton Moor is predominantly flat with no rivers or streams. The soil is black and fertile as expected from land that was previously peat moor. Heaton Moor has little public open space with the exception of Heaton Moor Park and Thornfield Park, but because of its tree lined roads and the building line set well back from the street, it gives the impression of having more, and of Victorian affluence.
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Heaton Norris
Coordinates: 53°25′01″N 2°09′58″W / 53.417°N 2.166°W / 53.417; -2.166
Heaton Norris is now a mainly residential area of Stockport, England bordering on Heaton Chapel, Heaton Mersey and Heaton Moor. Formerly it was the name of the parish, that included Heaton Chapel, Heaton Mersey and Heaton Moor and was in Lancashire.
In 1835 part of the parish was ceded to Stockport and hence Cheshire, Heaton Chapel and Heaton Moor remained in Lancashire, more was transferred in 1894 and the remains transferred in 1913.
With a range of good housing stock, popular pubs and excellent transport access, Heaton Norris is one of the more affluent areas of Stockport. Heaton Norris and its neighbouring areas have recently been called the Four Heatons.
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Helmshore
Coordinates: 53°41′00″N 2°20′00″W / 53.683333°N 2.333333°W / 53.683333; -2.333333
Helmshore is a village in the Rossendale Valley, Lancashire, England. It is situated south of Haslingden, broadly between the A56 and the B6235, approximately 16 miles north of Manchester.
The area around Helmshore is moorland. Post-Ice Age this would have been forested and bog oak can still be found on the flat peatland tops over 250 metres high. The forest declined in the Neolithic period, and largely disappeared during the Bronze Age, mainly as a result of climatic change although hastened by human activity. There is some evidence of human habitation in the area during the Neolithic period - stone implements found on Bull Hill and at Musbury valley, and the stones at Thirteen Stone Hill near Grane, and there are a relatively complex network of both local and long distance old tracks crossing the area.
The village is dominated by the spectacular flat-topped Musbury Tor, once the centre of the medieval hunting park, or Forest. Either side of the Tor are two valleys: Alden valley in the south-west and Musbury valley to the North-west. The 'whole land of Musbury' was granted to John de Lacy (before 1241) by Lewis de Bernavill. A licence for a 'free warren' was granted to the Earl of Lincoln in 1294. Work on fencing the Park was completed by 1304-5, with palings being erected. The park, with its 'herbage and agistments' was said to be worth 13s. 4d. in 1311. In 1329 and 1330 it is described as 'Queen Isabel's park of Musbury', and fines were being applied for trespass to, among others, the rector of Bury. Stretches of the ditch enclosure are clearly visible at Grane and Alden valleys, and deer are still occasionally seen in the area. There are several current place names identifying the Park.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Heysham
Coordinates: 54°02′46″N 2°53′38″W / 54.046°N 2.894°W / 54.046; -2.894
Heysham (i/ˈhiːʃəm/ HEE-shəm) is a large coastal village near Lancaster in the county of Lancashire, England. Overlooking Morecambe Bay, it is a ferry port with services to the Isle of Man and Ireland. Heysham is the site of two nuclear power stations which are landmarks visible from hills in the surrounding area. Heysham has been identified as one potential location for the next generation of nuclear power stations.
Administratively, Heysham is part of the City of Lancaster district, with three wards: Heysham Central (with a population of 4,397), Heysham North (5,477), and Heysham South (6,262); together they have a population of 16,136 (2001 census), although these extend into areas beyond the village of Heysham itself, which has a population of approximately 6,500.
Of historical interest are the stone graves in the ruins of the ancient St. Patrick's Chapel, close to St. Peter's Church. They are thought to date from the 11th century[citation needed], and are hewn from solid rock. Local legend has it that St. Patrick landed here after crossing from Ireland and established the chapel. However it has been established that the chapel was built around 300 years after Patrick's death. These stone graves appear on the cover of the Black Sabbath CD, 'The Best of Black Sabbath'.
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Hoddlesden
Coordinates: 53°41′46″N 2°25′52″W / 53.696°N 2.431°W / 53.696; -2.431
Hoddlesden is a village in the unitary borough of Blackburn with Darwen, in Lancashire, England. The village has a population of approximately 1,300. It is in the borough's East Rural ward, and is situated east of Darwen. To the north there are the parishes of Eccleshill and Yate and Pickup Bank, to the east there is Haslingden Grane, part of the West Pennine Moors, and to the south-west there is Blacksnape, a small hamlet.
Although the village is now a residential area, with its residents commuting to places such as the nearby towns of Blackburn and Darwen, in the 19th and early 20th century, local industries included weaving and coal mining.
Between 1901 and 1936 the village was also on a tram route operated by the local authorities of the two towns. Hoddlesden was also served by a railway line, a branch of the Ribble Valley Line north of Darwen. The line, opened by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1876, only had goods trains, as petitions by local residents for a passenger service were unsuccessful. The section that served Hoddlesden closed in 1950.
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Horwich
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°33′32″W / 53.593°N 2.559°W / 53.593; -2.559
Horwich ( /ˈhɒrɪtʃ/) is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 5.3 miles (8.5 km) southeast of Chorley, 5.8 miles (9.3 km) northwest of Bolton and 20 miles (32 km) northwest from the city of Manchester. It lies at the southern edge of the West Pennine Moors with the M61 motorway close to the south and west. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Horwich had a population of 19,312.
Historically within Lancashire, Horwich emerged in the Middle Ages as a hunting chase. Streams flowing from the moors were harnessed to provide power for bleachworks and other industry at the start of the Industrial Revolution. The textile industry became a major employer and after 1884 the construction of the railway works caused the population of the town to increase dramatically. The old industries have closed and regeneration has been led by out of town developments, particularly at Middlebrook, which, since 1997 has been the base of Bolton Wanderers football club, who play at the Reebok Stadium, having moved from Burnden Park near Bolton town centre.
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Huyton
Coordinates: 53°24′36″N 2°50′35″W / 53.41°N 2.843°W / 53.41; -2.843
Huyton (/ˈhaɪtən/HY-tən) is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. It is part of the Liverpool Urban Area and has close associations with its neighbour, Roby, having both formerly been part of the Huyton with Roby Urban District.
Huyton was first settled about 600-650 AD by Angles. The settlement was founded on a low hill surrounded by inaccessible marshy land. The name Huyton gives a clue as to its origins. The first part of the name may suggest a landing-place, probably on the banks of the River Alt. (The area of land now known as Huyton Wetlands . is the source of the River).
Both Huyton and Roby are mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Huyton being spelt Hitune.
Huyton-with-Roby is situated near to the south western extremity of the former Lancashire coalfield. In the 19th century Welsh immigrants settled in the area to work in nearby colleries. A Welsh-speaking Non-conformist chapel (Calvinistic Methodists) was founded in Wood Lane, Huyton Quarry. Nearby Cronton Colliery finally ceased production in March 1984, shortly before the UK miners' strike (1984–1985). Both Huyton and Roby have railway stations on the famous Liverpool and Manchester Railway (The station at Huyton Quarry closed in 1958 and today only the main station building remains). The railway’s construction was supervised by George Stephenson and, when it opened in 1830, it became the world’s first regular passenger train service. On the day of the railway's official opening, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington alighted the train at Roby railway station.
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Hyndburn
Coordinates: 53°46′05″N 2°22′55″W / 53.768°N 2.382°W / 53.768; -2.382
Hyndburn is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Accrington. The district is named after the River Hyndburn.
It was formed in 1974 by the amalgamation of the Borough of Accrington, the Urban Districts of Church, Clayton-le-Moors, Great Harwood, Oswaldtwistle and Rishton, and part of the Burnley Rural District.
In June 2007, the council proposed changing the name of Hyndburn, and replace it with Accrington & Districts, to aid recognition of the borough by those not familiar with the area.
In 2010, Hyndburn was voted the 10th best council in the Times "Best Public Sector Places to Work" and made it to the Times Best Companies Guide.
There are approximately nine state secondary schools in Hyndburn. These include Norden High School, St Christopher's Church of England High School, Accrington Academy, Rhyddings High School, Mount Carmel RC High School, The Hollins Technology College along with Broadfield Specialist School,White Ash School and North Cliffe School.
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Ireland
Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] (
listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann,Scottish Gaelic: Muir Èireann or Muir Mhanainn,Manx: Mooir Vannin or Y Keayn Yernagh,Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Scots: Erse Sea) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.
The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing, and power generation in the form of wind power and nuclear plants. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland amounts to over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes of traded goods.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows:
On the North. The Southern limit of the Scottish Seas [or Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, defined as "a line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland"].
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Irlam
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°24′48″W / 53.4467°N 2.4133°W / 53.4467; -2.4133
Irlam is a suburban town and unparished area within the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. At the 2001 census it had a population of 18,504. The town lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, and is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Salford, 7.6 miles (12.2 km) west-southwest of Manchester and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) east-northeast of Warrington. Irlam forms a continuous urban area with Cadishead to the southwest, and is divided from Flixton and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford to the southeast by the Manchester Ship Canal.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Irlam was anciently known as Irwellham, and was an outlying area of Chat Moss, a large peat bog which straddled the River Irwell. Work was carried out during the 19th century to reclaim large areas of Chat Moss to enable the completion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1829. In 1894 the Irwell was adjusted so that its waters were united with the Manchester Ship Canal, stimulating the growth of Irlam as an inland port. Irlam Urban District was established in the same year and was governed thereafter by its own district council until its abolition in 1974.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (that is, in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Kearsley
Coordinates: 53°32′N 2°22′W / 53.53°N 2.37°W / 53.53; -2.37
Kearsley (or archaically Kersley) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically within Lancashire, it lies about 8 miles (12 km) northwest of Manchester,4.9 miles (8.9 km) south-west of Bury, and about 3¾ miles (6 km) south of Bolton.
It is bounded on the west by Walkden, the east by Whitefield, the north by Farnworth and the south by Clifton.
Kearsley was once a township in the ancient ecclesiastical parish of Deane, in the Hundred of Salford of Lancashire. Kearsley was an urban district of Lancashire from 1894 until 1974. In 1933, part of Clifton was added to Kearsley Urban District. Part of Outwood, Radcliffe became part of Kearsley in line with the 1933 Lancashire Review.
Kearsley lay within the historic county boundaries of Lancashire and was mentioned as an industrial area in 1752, when James Brindley worked on water drainage problems at the Wet Earth Colliery on the borders of Kearsley and Clifton. In 1780, a mill was built at the point where the River Croal meets the River Irwell In 1830 it was described as:
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Kirkby
Coordinates: 53°28′57″N 2°53′31″W / 53.4826°N 2.8920°W / 53.4826; -2.8920
Kirkbyi/ˈkɜrbiː/ is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in the metropolitan county of Merseyside in England. Historically within Lancashire, the town was developed from the 1950s through 1970s as a means to house the overspill of Liverpool. It is situated roughly 5 miles (8 km) north of Huyton, the administrative HQ of the borough and about 6 miles (10 km) north-east of central Liverpool. The population of the town as of the 2001 census is 40,472. It is traditionally believed to be founded in 870 although there is archaeological evidence for settlement from the Bronze Age.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Kirkby is believed to have been founded circa 870, although archaeological digs have produced evidence of habitation in the Bronze Age. The name Kirk-by, literally meaning "church" and "settlement" is of Old Norse origin whose settlers arrived via Ireland around 900. The first direct evidence of a settlement dates from 1086 and the Domesday Book, with a reference to Cherchebi – population 70. Ownership of the land containing modern-day Kirkby – established as the West Derby Hundred in the 11th century – passed through many hands, until 1596, when the Molyneux family purchased the hundred in its entirety. After a brief loss of patronage in 1737, as a result of the head of the family taking holy orders, in 1771 the Molyneux family were made Earls of Sefton and regained their lands.
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Kirkby Lonsdale
Coordinates: 54°12′04″N 2°35′49″W / 54.201°N 2.597°W / 54.201; -2.597
Kirkby Lonsdale ( /ˈkɜrbiː ˈlɒnzdeɪl/) is a small town and civil parish in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria, England, on the River Lune. Historically within Westmorland, it is situated 13 miles (21 km) south east of Kendal along the A65. The parish had a population of 1,771 recorded in the 2001 census.
Notable buildings include St Mary's Church, a Norman structure with fine carved columns. The view of the River Lune from the churchyard is known as Ruskin's View; it was praised by John Ruskin as "One of the loveliest views in England" and painted by J. M. W. Turner.
Early signs of occupation in the area are a Neolithic stone circle on Casterton Fell and remains of Celtic settlements at Barbon, Middleton and Hutton Roof.
During the Roman occupation, a Roman road followed the course of the river Lune, linking the forts at Low Borrow Bridge (near Tebay) and Over Burrow (south of Kirkby Lonsdale). A Roman milestone unearthed in 1836 and described as 'the best in the country' was re-erected on a hill near Hawkin Hall (SD 623 859), close to where it was found.
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Lake District
The Lake District, also commonly known as The Lakes, is a mountainous region in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous not only for its lakes and its mountains (or fells) but also for its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the other Lake Poets.
The majority of the area was designated as the Lake District National Park in 1951. It is the largest of the thirteen National Parks in England and Wales, and the second largest in the UK (after the Cairngorms). It lies entirely within the modern county of Cumbria, shared historically by the counties of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire. All the land in England higher than three thousand feet above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest lakes in England, Wastwater and Windermere, respectively.
The precise extent of the Lake District was not defined traditionally but is approximated by the boundary of the National Park, the total area of which is about 885 square miles (2,292 km2). The Park extends just over 32 miles (52 km) from east to west and nearly 40 miles (64 km) from north to south, with areas such as the Lake District Peninsulas to the south lying outside the National Park.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Lancaster Canal
The Lancaster Canal is a canal in the north of England, originally planned to run from Westhoughton in Lancashire to Kendal in south Cumbria (then in Westmorland). The section around the crossing of the River Ribble was never completed, and much of the southern end leased to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, of which it is now generally considered part.
Of the canal north of Preston, only the section from Preston to Tewitfield near Carnforth in Lancashire is currently open to navigation for 42 miles (67.6 km), with the canal north of Tewitfield having been severed in three places by the construction of the M6 motorway, and by the A590 road near Kendal. The southern part, from Johnson's Hillock to Wigan Top Lock, remains navigable as part of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal. The planned continuation to Westhoughton was never built.
The line of the canal was first surveyed by Robert Whitworth in 1772. In 1791, John Longbotham, Robert Dickinson and Richard Beck resurveyed the proposed line, and a final survey was carried out later the same year by John Rennie.
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Lancaster Castle
Lancaster Castle is a medieval castle located in Lancaster in the English county of Lancashire. Its early history is unclear, but may have been founded in the 11th century on the site of a Roman fort overlooking a crossing of the River Lune. In 1164, the Honour of Lancaster, including the castle, came under royal control. In 1322 and 1389 the Scots invaded England, progressing as far as Lancaster and damaging the castle. It was not to see military action again until the English Civil War. The castle was first used as a prison in 1196 although this aspect became more important during the English Civil War. The castle buildings are owned by Lancashire County Council, which leases a major part of the structure to the Ministry of Justice who operate a crown court in part of the building. The site is owned by the Duchy of Lancaster.
In 79 AD, a Roman fort was built at Lancaster on a hill commanding a crossing over the River Lune. Little is known about Lancaster between the end of the Roman occupation of England in the early 5th century and the Norman Conquest in the late 11th century. The layout of the town was influenced by the Roman fort and the associated civilian settlement; the main road through the town was the route that led east from the fort. After the Norman Conquest in the second half of the 11th century, Lancaster was part of the Earldom of Northumbria; it was claimed by the kings of England and Scotland. In 1092, William II established a permanent border with Scotland further north by capturing Carlisle. It is generally thought that Lancaster Castle was founded in the 1090s, on the site of the Roman fort in a strategic location. The castle is the oldest standing building in Lancaster, and one of the most important. The history of the structure is uncertain; this is partly due to its continued use as a prison, which prevents extensive archaeological investigation.
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Lancaster University
Lancaster University, officially The University of Lancaster, is a research-intensive British university in Lancaster, Lancashire, England. The university was established by Royal Charter in 1964 and initially based in St Leonard's Gate until moving to a purpose-built 300 acre campus at Bailrigg in 1968. Lancaster expanded rapidly and now has the 11th highest research quality in the UK and is the 16th highest ranking research institution according to the latest Research Assessment Exercise. The university has an annual income of £177 million, 3,025 staff and 12,695 students. Along with the universities of Durham, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield and York, Lancaster is a member of the N8 Group of research universities. Lancaster was ranked 7th in the 2013 Guardian University Guide, 9th in the 2013 Complete University Guide, 8th in the Times Higher Education Table, and 9th in the 2012 Good University Guide. It was also ranked 124th internationally in THE World University Rankings 2011 153rd in the 2011 QS World University Rankings, and 9th best university in the world under 50 years old.
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Latchford
{{For the Canadian town Latchford, Ontario}}
Coordinates: 53°22′47″N 2°33′52″W / 53.3796°N 2.5645°W / 53.3796; -2.5645
Latchford is a suburban district and electoral ward of the unitary borough of Warrington, in Cheshire, England. It is around one mile south of Warrington town centre and has a total resident population of 7,856.
Historically within Lancashire, Latchford is a predominantly residential area, Latchford lies between the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal, and broadly consists of 19th century terraced housing and some open space. The canal is crossed here by a swing bridge, a high level road bridge and the now disused Latchford railway viaduct.
Its name came from Anglo-Saxon Læccford = "Boggy-stream ford".
Latchford was originally a township in the ancient parish of Grappenhall, in Cheshire. It was also part of Bucklow Hundred, and was close to the border with Lancashire.
Between 1894 and 1974, part of Latchford was placed within the County Borough of Warrington, and the registration county of Lancashire, whilst the rest of Latchford became a civil parish named "Latchford Without" and was transferred to Lancashire.
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Lathom
Coordinates: 53°35′24″N 2°49′12″W / 53.590°N 2.820°W / 53.590; -2.820
Lathom is a village and civil parish in Lancashire, England, about 5 km northeast of Ormskirk. It is in the district of West Lancashire, and with the parish of Newburgh forms part of Newburgh ward. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes through Lathom.
Lathom was recorded as Latune in the Domesday Book in 1086, Lathum in 1200, and Lathom in 1223 after which it was he usual spelling.
In 1066 the manor of Lathom was the most important of 17 manors held by Uctred, an Anglo-Danish landowner. These manors were set up by Athelstan in the tenth century. By 1189 Robert Fitzhenry de Lathom possessed lands throughout south Lancashire, extending to Flixton in the barony of Manchester. Siward son of Dunning held the township in thanage in the reign of Henry II. Robert de Lathom, in the reign of Edward I was granted the right to hold a market and an annual fair. Robert Lathom founded Burscough Priory in or before 1189.
The manor was conveyed by the marriage of Isabella de Lathom, Sir Thomas Lathom's daughter to Sir John Stanley in 1385, the reign of Henry IV.Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby entertained Henry VII in his castle at Lathom. The present West Wing of Lathom House gives a hint of the importance of Lathom and the Stanley family who became the earls of Derby. The village grew around the castle at Lathom.
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Lathom Hall
Lathom Hall is a former cinema and music venue in Seaforth, Liverpool. Built in 1884, the venue became synonymous with Merseybeat in the 1960s.
On 14 May 1960, the Silver Beats auditioned at the hall during the interval of a performance by Cliff Roberts and the Rockers, Dick Dale and the Deltones, and King Size Taylor and the Dominoes. One report suggests that the venue's promoter, Bill Kelly, curtailed the group's set after just two songs they performed so badly. Conversely, the Bootle Times reported that the group were "sensational". After the performances, a fight broke out backstage after bassist Stuart Sutcliffe was told to "cut [his] hair" as he looked like a girl. Despite this, and their group's performance, Kelly booked the group for the following weekend's dance – promoting them as "Silver Beetles" in the headline slot. The group later failed to notify Kelly that they could not play at the performance (having received an offer to tour Scotland with Johnny Gentle), leaving him to explain to the audience why the advertised act would not appear. Nevertheless, the group were booked for a number of subsequent concerts in early 1961 – by which time they had changed their name to The Beatles. Kelly paid the group an average of £8 0s 10d per concert – equivalent to approximately £120 in 2005. The group's final appearance at the hall was on 25 February, George Harrison's 18th birthday.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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Little Lever
Coordinates: 53°33′48″N 2°22′12″W / 53.5633°N 2.3699°W / 53.5633; -2.3699
Little Lever is a large village within the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, it is 2.4 miles (3.9 km) southeast of Bolton, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) west of Radcliffe, and 4 miles (6.4 km) west-southwest of Bury. During the 19th century the population was employed in cotton-mills, paper-mills, bleach-works, terra-cotta works, a rope-walk, and in numerous collieries.
Lever is derived from the Old English laefre, which means place where the rushes grow. It was recorded as Parua Lefre in 1212, from the Latin, parva meaning little. The name was recorded in several ways. Whilst the spellings differ the pronunciation was similar to 'lever' – Lethre 1221; Leuere 1278; Leuir 1282; Leuer 1291 and Leyver 1550. In 1370 it was listed as a mining village near Bolton.
The manor of Little Lever was part of the barony of Manchester and during the Middle Ages was governed by the manorial land holder, the Baron of Manchester. Records show that in the time of Henry II, a parcel of land within the manor, consisting of one moiety was rented to Alexander son of Uvieth for a ½ mark and a hawk (12d).
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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Longridge
Coordinates: 53°49′52″N 2°35′49″W / 53.831°N 2.597°W / 53.831; -2.597
Longridge is a small town and civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley in Lancashire, England. It is situated 8 miles (13 km) north-east of the city of Preston, at the western end of Longridge Fell, a long ridge above the River Ribble. Its nearest neighbours are Grimsargh and the Roman town of Ribchester (Bremetennacum), 3.5 miles (6 km) to the southeast. The parish of Longridge had a population of 7,546 recorded in the 2001 census.
The Battle of Preston started from Longridge, Cromwell halting there before taking on Monarchist forces from Scotland.[citation needed]
Longridge initially developed outwards from an area around St. Lawrence's Church, at the boundary of the townships of Dilworth and Alston and to the south of the modern-day town centre. Though there was a thoroughfare called 'Market Place', there was no development around that area. Most of the development of the town occurred after 1800. After this time, development occurred at a much faster pace, with expansion northwards including a mill to the north of Kestor Lane.
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Lostock Hall
Coordinates: 53°43′30″N 2°41′17″W / 53.725°N 2.688°W / 53.725; -2.688
Lostock Hall ( /ˌlɒstɒk ˈhɔːl/) is a small suburban village within the South Ribble borough of Lancashire, England. It is located on the south side of the River Ribble, some 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Preston and 2.5 miles (4 km) north of Leyland. It is bordered on its southeastern side by the interchange for the M6, M61 and M65 motorways. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, the central Lostock Hall area had a population of 3,948.
Lostock Hall traces its origins to James de Lostock who in 1212 built Lostock's Hall in the then rural area of Cuerden Green in the township of Walton-le-Dale. A settlement expanded outwards from Lostock's Hall, taking its name from the Hall. The former separate community of Tardy Gate is now for all intents and purposes a part of Lostock Hall - it used to be the farming community linking one part of rural Lancashire to another.
The estate of Lostock's Hall in the rural area of Cuerden Green was built by James de Lostock. The grounds which surrounded Lostock's Hall got renamed as Lostock Hall, after the death of James by his daughter Magote.
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Lytham St Annes
Coordinates: 53°44′33″N 2°59′49″W / 53.7426°N 2.9970°W / 53.7426; -2.9970
Lytham St Annes is a conurbation in the Fylde district of Lancashire, England. The neighbouring towns of Lytham and St-Anne's-on-the-Sea (or St-Anne's-on-Sea, but nearly always abbreviated to St Annes) have grown together and now form a seaside resort. The towns are situated on the Fylde coast, south of Blackpool at the point where the coastline turns east to form the estuary of the River Ribble leading inland to Preston. St Annes is situated on the northern side of the turning and, like Blackpool, overlooks the Irish Sea, whereas Lytham is on the eastern side and overlooks the Ribble Estuary.
Lytham St Annes is internationally renowned for golf and has four courses and links, the most notable being the Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club, one of the host courses for the Open Championship, also known as the "British Open", which has been a competition course since first hosting the Open in 1926. Approximately once every ten years, the coming of The Open—a major sporting event—brings a major influx of visitors, including the world's media, into a fairly peaceful community. Lytham St Annes is considered to be a wealthy area with residents' earnings among the highest in Lancashire. It is popular with engineers and scientists from the nearby BAE Systems site in Warton, which provides some highly paid jobs that underpin the local economy.
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M55 motorway
The M55 is a motorway in Lancashire, England, which can also be referred to as the Preston Northern Bypass. It connects the seaside resort of Blackpool to the M6 at Preston. It is 11.4 miles (18.4 km) in length.
The M55 has three lanes in both directions for most of its length. After leaving the M6 at junction 32, the road immediately interchanges with the A6. It then crosses the West Coast Main Line and Lancaster Canal before passing north of Wesham to meet junction 3. It then continues west in a rural setting to meet junction 4, where the motorway ends and becomes the A5230. The western part of the M55, and the first few hundred metres of the A5230, occupy the route of the old Blackpool Branch railway line.
The first motorway constructed in Great Britain was the M6 Preston Bypass, opened in 1958. This ran from the current M6 junction 29 to the M55 junction 1. It was built as a 2 lane route. In 1965 the M6 was extended north from what is the current day junction 32 to meet the Lancaster Bypass, and the M6 junction was rebuilt to its current design to connect the A6 at the now M55 junction 1. Due to increasing traffic, it was decided to provide a motorway link to Blackpool and this road was opened in 1975.
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M58 motorway
The M58 is a motorway passing through Merseyside and Lancashire, terminating in Greater Manchester, England. It is 12 miles (19 km) long and provides a link between the M6 motorway and the area north of Liverpool.
Apart from the approaches to its terminal roundabouts, the motorway is three lanes throughout. It starts at Switch Island in Merseyside and passes directly underneath the Merseyrail Northern Line. before striking out across open countryside and into Lancashire south of Maghull and Bickerstaffe. It then curves south westerly south of Skelmersdale before reaching the M6 at Orrell in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.
Since 1949 an upgrade of the Wigan to Ormskirk route had been proposed to improve traffic flows, yet with the decision in 1961 to develop Skelmersdale as a new town, the proposals were revised to provide a link to the M6 at one end and Liverpool at the other.
The first part of the road was opened in March 1968 as the Skelmersdale Regional Road between what is now junctions 4 & 5. It was originally a two lane single carriageway road that was upgraded to 2 lane plus with hard shoulders in 1973.
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M61 motorway
The M61 motorway is a motorway in North West England. It runs from the M60 motorway northwest of Manchester and heads northwest past Bolton and Chorley to join the M6 just north of the junction between the M6 and M65 motorways to the south of Preston.
Perhaps the most distinguishing section of the M61 is to be found at the southern end at the Worsley Braided Interchange between junctions 1 and 3. This stretch of the road on the approach to the terminus with the M60 ring road is a collection of sliproads and overpass tunnels providing free-flowing access to and from the following:
This complicated junction earns a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for having the most traffic lanes side by side (17), spread across several parallel carriageways at Linnyshaw. The Google Maps location of this incidence is [1]
The M61 has one service station: Rivington services (formerly Bolton West services), located between Junctions 6 and 8 (as Junction 7 was never built). This motorway service area was used in the filming of The Services, a pilot episode for the Farnworth-born comedian Peter Kay series That Peter Kay Thing, a spoof documentary of a day in the life of the services staff.
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M62 motorway
The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long; for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester. The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build. The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
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M65 motorway
The M65 is a motorway in Lancashire, England. It runs from just south of Preston through the major junction of the M6 and M61 motorways, east past Darwen, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and ends at Colne.
The M65 was opened in the following sections:
The first section of the motorway was opened in 1981, connecting Burnley to Brierfield. Over the years, several extensions were made, the largest being the link from Whitebirk to the M6 and M61 motorways in 1997. This extension was the scene of a standoff between construction security workers and protesters (often known as 'eco-warriors').
Junctions 1a to 6 were opened 18 December 1997 by Jack Straw, Home Secretary and Member of Parliament for Blackburn. The opening ceremony took place on the westbound carriageway beneath junction 5 at Guide with a heavy police presence as protesters threatened to bring a halt to the proceedings.
Much of the 1997 extension was relaid shortly after it opened with a new, quieter tarmac because the amount of road noise had been so great that it prevented birds of prey (mainly owls) from foraging effectively.
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Maghull
Coordinates: 53°31′03″N 2°56′42″W / 53.5174°N 2.9449°W / 53.5174; -2.9449
Maghull is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, in Merseyside, England. The town is located north of the City of Liverpool and south of Ormskirk in West Lancashire. The area of Moss Side also contains HM Prison Kennet and Ashworth Hospital. Maghull had a population of 22,225 at the 2001 census. Housing in the town is almost entirely a 20th century settlement of semi-detached and detached housing although remains of the original town do exist. Historically in Lancashire, the town has had an elected council since the Local Government Act 1894 when the government set up a network of local governance across England. Following the Local Government Act 1974, the council changed its name from a parish to a town council.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC), is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England. In 2011 it was third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, and the 23rd busiest airport in Europe. Manchester Airport is the largest outside the London region with over double the passengers of its nearest non-London rival, Edinburgh Airport.
The terminals are 7.5 NM (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south of Manchester city centre. It officially opened on 25 June 1938 and was initially known as Ringway Airport. During World War II, it was called RAF Ringway and from 1975 until 1986 Manchester International Airport. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), a holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. A Category 10 airport, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and a railway station. It is the only British airport other than London Heathrow to have two runways over 3,000 metres in length.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Morecambe
Coordinates: 54°03′50″N 2°52′43″W / 54.0640°N 2.8786°W / 54.0640; -2.8786
Morecambe ( /ˈmɔrkəm/) is a resort town and civil parish within the City of Lancaster in Lancashire, England. As of 2001 it has a resident population of 38,917. It is situated on Morecambe Bay. Morecambe and the nearby village of Heysham have a combined population of 51,400.
In 1846, the Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company was formed to build a harbour on Morecambe Bay, close to the fishing village of Poulton-le-Sands, and a connecting railway. By 1850, the railway linked to Skipton, Keighley and Bradford in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and a settlement began to grow around the harbour and railway, to service the port and as a seaside resort. The settlement expanded to absorb Poulton, and the villages of Bare and Torrisholme. The settlement started to be referred to as "Morecambe", possibly after the harbour and railway. In 1889 the new name was officially adopted.
Morecambe was a thriving seaside resort in the mid-20th century. While the resort of Blackpool attracted holiday-makers predominantly from the Lancashire mill towns, Morecambe had more visitors from Yorkshire (due to its railway connection) and Scotland. Between 1956 and 1989 it was the home of the Miss Great Britain beauty contest.
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Morecambe Bay
Morecambe Bay is a large bay in northwest England, nearly due east of the Isle of Man and just to the south of the Lake District National Park. It is the largest expanse of intertidal mudflats and sand in the United Kingdom, covering a total area of 310 km².
The rivers Leven, Kent, Keer, Lune and Wyre drain into the Bay, with their various estuaries making a number of peninsulas within the bay, such as Humphrey Head. Much of the land around the bay is reclaimed, forming salt marshes used in agriculture. Morecambe Bay is also an important wildlife site, with abundant bird life and varied marine habitats, and there is a bird observatory at Walney Island.
The bay is also notorious for its quicksand and fast moving tides (it is said that the tide can come in "as fast as a horse can run"). It is particularly infamous due to the '2004 Morecambe Bay Disaster' in which 23 Chinese illegal immigrant cockle pickers are believed to have drowned due to the tide.
There have been royally appointed local guides (holding the post of Queen's Guide to the Sands) for crossing the bay for centuries. This difficulty of crossing the bay added to the isolation of the land to its north which, due to the presence of the mountains of the Lake District, could only be reached by crossing these sands or by ferry, until the Furness Railway was built in 1857. This skirts the edge of the bay, crossing the various estuaries. The London-Glasgow railway also briefly runs alongside the bay - the only place where the so-called West Coast Main Line actually runs alongside the coast.
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Mossley
Coordinates: 53°30′53″N 2°02′19″W / 53.5147°N 2.0387°W / 53.5147; -2.0387
Mossley is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside, in Greater Manchester, England. The town is located in the upper section of the Tame valley in the foothills of the Pennines, 3 miles (4.8 km) northeast of Ashton-under-Lyne and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) east of Manchester.
Mossley has the distinction of being situated at the conjunction of the historic county boundaries of Lancashire, Cheshire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. Local warding and ecclesiastic matters are maintained in Mossley according to these boundaries. At the 2001 census Mossley had a population of 9,856. It is the only parished area of Tameside, having had a parish council since 1999. According to the 1991 census the town was part of the Greater Manchester Urban Area however in the 2001 census it was no longer considered part of that urban area.
Believed to originate in around 1319, the name Mossley means "a woodland clearing by a swamp or bog".
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Museum of Lancashire
The Museum of Lancashire is housed in an old courthouse in Preston in Lancashire, England. It is mostly a historical museum dedicated to describing life in Preston during World War II. It also displays information about the role of women during the war and that of life in the World War I trenches. Interactive exhibits include a Victorian classroom.
Coordinates: 53°45′41″N 2°41′18″W / 53.7614°N 2.6883°W / 53.7614; -2.6883
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Norfolk
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfək/) is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The city of Norwich is the county town at Norfolk which is fifth largest ceremonial county in England, with an area of 5,371 km² (2,074 sq mi).
Of the 34 non-metropolitan English counties, Norfolk is the seventh most populous, with a population of 850,800 (mid 2008). However, as a largely rural county it has a low population density, 155 people per square kilometre (or 401 per square mile). Norfolk has about one-thirtieth the population density of central London, the tenth lowest density county in the country, with 38% of the county’s population living in the four major built up areas of Norwich (195,000), Great Yarmouth (67,000), King's Lynn (41,000) and Thetford (22,000).The Broads, a well known network of rivers and lakes, is located towards the county's east coast, bordering Suffolk. The area has the status of a National Park and is protected by the Broads Authority. Historical sites, such as those in the centre of Norwich, also contribute to tourism.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Oldham
Coordinates: 53°32′40″N 2°07′01″W / 53.5444°N 2.1169°W / 53.5444; -2.1169
Oldham ( /ˈoʊldəm/) is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England". At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world, spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined. Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
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Ormskirk
Coordinates: 53°33′59″N 2°53′13″W / 53.5665°N 2.8869°W / 53.5665; -2.8869
Ormskirk is a market town in West Lancashire, England. It is situated 13 miles (21 km) north of Liverpool city centre, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of St Helens, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Southport and 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Preston.
Ormskirk lies on sloping ground on the side of a ridge, whose highest point is 68 metres (223 ft) above sea-level, at the centre of the West Lancashire Plain, and has been described as a "planned borough", laid out in the 13th century.
Ormskirk is an unparished area, surrounded by the parishes of Bickerstaffe, Aughton, Scarisbrick, Burscough, Lathom and Lathom South.
The town is located in the district of West Lancashire and is the site of the headquarters of West Lancashire Borough Council. Ormskirk is also a 'post town' in the Liverpool postcode area.
Since Ormskirk does not have a parish council, a voluntary association, Ormskirk Community Partnership, was created in 2009, with the support of the West Lancashire Borough Council, to act as a voice for Ormskirk.
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Oswaldtwistle
Coordinates: 53°44′36″N 2°23′37″W / 53.7434°N 2.3935°W / 53.7434; -2.3935
Oswaldtwistle ( /ˈɒzəl.twɪzəl/ "ozzel-twizzel") is a town within the Hyndburn borough of Lancashire, England. It lies on the course of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of Blackburn and is contiguous to Accrington.
The name is derived from "Oswald" and "Twistle". The word "twistle" is an old English word meaning "brooks meet". Legend has it that St.Oswald, King of Northumbria passed through, giving the area its full title of Oswald's Twistle, which in time came to be Oswaldtwistle. However, it is more likely derived from the name of the Anglo-Saxon who farmed the land.
Sir Robert Peel, 1st Baronet, who, as a factory-owner, effected wide developments in the cotton industry, was born at Peelfold, within the township, in 1750. Another historical figure associated with the textile industry was James Hargreaves, inventor of the Spinning Jenny.
The centre of Oswaldtwistle is home to a: Lloyds TSB, Betfred, Oswaldtwistle Clinic, Travis Perkins building merchants as well as a Co-Op supermarket, which was a Gateway, Solo and a Somerfield before becoming a Co-Op. Also there is a Tesco Express and a SPAR. Other stores include an appliance repairs/sales, numerous takeaways, numerous barbers (M & F), estate agents, off licences, bakers, butchers, funeral directors and many more shops.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Padiham
Coordinates: 53°47′49″N 2°18′40″W / 53.797°N 2.311°W / 53.797; -2.311
Padiham ( /ˈpædiəm/) is a small town and civil parish on the River Calder, about 3 miles (5 km) west of Burnley and south of Pendle Hill, in Lancashire, England. It is part of the Borough of Burnley but also has its own town council with varied powers.
No prehistoric or Roman sites have been found in the urban area and Padiham, a name with Anglo-Saxon origin is not recorded in the Domesday Book. The first recorded mention of the town, as 'Padyngham', dates from 1294. For hundreds of years it was a market town where produce from Pendleside was bought and sold. Padiham market is still held every Wednesday and Friday. The town expanded and was substantially redeveloped during the Industrial Revolution and the central area is now a conservation area.
Padiham's population peaked around 1921 at about 14,000 declining to 10,000 in the early 1960s and 8,998 at the time of the 2001 census. This follows the decline of the traditional cotton, coal and engineering manufacturing base during that period.
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Parbold
Coordinates: 53°35′36″N 2°45′54″W / 53.5934°N 2.7649°W / 53.5934; -2.7649
Parbold is a large commuter village and civil parish in the county of Lancashire, England.
The 83 hectares (210 acres) of the 'urban settlement' of Parbold has a population of 2,700. This settlement forms part of the larger Parbold ward (pop. 3,890), one of 25 wards that make up West Lancashire Borough Council.
West Lancashire is also divided into 19 parish councils, the first tier of local government. Parbold Parish Council is bordered by the Hilldale Parish in the north, Wrightington in the east, Dalton in the south and Newburgh in the west.
Until the late 19th century, Parbold was part of the parish of Eccleston and the Leyland Hundred, or Leylandshire, an ancient subdivision of Lancashire that included Brindle, Chorley, Croston, Penwortham and Standish. From 1894 to 1974 Parbold was part of the Wigan Rural District, along with Dalton, Haigh, Shevington, Worthington and Wrightington.
Parbold lies in the valley of the River Douglas, at the bottom of Parbold Hill, about three miles west of junction 27 of the M6 motorway on the A5209. The village can also be reached by rail on the line from Manchester to Southport. Close to the village centre the Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes over the River Douglas. The nearest sizable towns are Skelmersdale (about 3 miles away 'as the crow flies'), Burscough (3½ miles), Ormskirk (6 miles), and Chorley (7 miles).
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Pendle
Coordinates: 53°52′08″N 2°09′50″W / 53.869°N 2.164°W / 53.869; -2.164
Pendle is a local government district and borough of Lancashire, England. It adjoins the Lancashire boroughs of Burnley and Ribble Valley, the North Yorkshire district of Craven and the West Yorkshire districts of Calderdale and the City of Bradford. It has a total population of about 90,000 people, and is represented in Parliament by Andrew Stephenson, Conservative.
It was created in 1974 as a result of local government reorganisation from the former Municipal Boroughs of Nelson and Colne, the former urban districts of Barnoldswick, Barrowford, Brierfield, Earby and Trawden, and from parts of Burnley Rural District and Skipton Rural District. It was named after the historical district of Pendle Forest, whose ancient lordship has been held by the Barons Clitheroe since 1945. The Barnoldswick, Earby and Skipton parts are historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire.
The three main employers in the borough are Rolls-Royce plc, Silentnight and the Daisy Group.
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Penwortham
Coordinates: 53°44′N 2°43′W / 53.74°N 2.72°W / 53.74; -2.72
Penwortham is a town and civil parish on the south bank of the River Ribble facing the city of Preston, Lancashire, England. The town is at the most westerly crossing point of the river, with major road and rail links crossing here.
The distinctive town name is derived from pen (meaning a hill), weid (meaning ford) and ham (meaning settlement) with earlier names of Peneverdant and Pendrecham in 1200; Penwrtham in 1204; Penuertham in 1212; Penwortham 1260 and Penewrthamn in 1292.
The town's history can be traced to pre-historic times with archaeological evidence showing that the ford at Middleforth was used to cross the Ribble. Penwortham was listed in the Domesday Book as "Penverdent". At the Norman conquest in 1066 the Barony was held by King Edward. In the 12th century Penwortham was the head of a barony held by Warine Bussel which included a large part of Leyland Hundred and manors in West Derby and Amounderness. Penwortham Castle, a motte-and-bailey castle was built during the post-Norman conquest period overlooking the Ribble and its ford by Roger of Poitou and served to guard the estuary and a ford crossing it. After Roger built Lancaster Castle, Penwortham declined in importance. Some evidence of this castle is still evident in St Mary's Churchyard but only the mound remains. In later centuries a manor house was built, but no evidence remains.
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Pilling
Coordinates: 53°55′46″N 2°54′20″W / 53.929461°N 2.905516°W / 53.929461; -2.905516
Pilling is a village and civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England. It is 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north-northeast of Poulton-le-Fylde, 9.4 miles (15.1 km) south-southwest of Lancaster and 14.5 miles (23.3 km) northwest of Preston, in a part of the Fylde known as Over Wyre.
The civil parish of Pilling, which includes the localities of Stake Pool, Scronkey and Eagland Hill, has a total resident population of 1,739.
Pilling is an ancient settlement, founded on what was essentially an "island" with the sea on one side and marsh on the others. From artefacts finds, there is evidence of spasmodic human activity within this territory dating back to the Neolithic period.
Some of the materials that went into the extension of the Garstang railway from Pilling to Knott End-on-Sea came from Richard Fleetwood’s first charity school at Preesall. The school had gradually become more and more dilapidated so the contractors knocked it down and used the stones for the railway.
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Preesall
Coordinates: 53°55′01″N 2°58′01″W / 53.917°N 2.967°W / 53.917; -2.967
Preesall is a town and civil parish in Lancashire, England. The parish (until 1910 known as Preesall with Hackensall) covers the eastern bank of the estuary of the River Wyre, including Knott End-on-Sea, Pilling Lane and the village of Preesall itself. The parish of Preesall had a population of 5,314 recorded in the 2001 census.
There is evidence that the eastern side of the River Wyre was occupied during the Danish invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries. Preesall is mentioned in the Domesday Book (1086) as being a part of the Hundred of Amounderness and the Domesday place name is given as Pressouede.
The names Preesall and Hackensall are both probably Norse in origin, with Preesall meaning "a hill and a heath" and Hackensall probably deriving from "Haakon", a Viking seafarer who sailed up the River Wyre and set up an encampment in the 10th century. In 1190 the land was granted to a bowman in the service of Prince John, and in the 16th century, the land, like much in this area, passed into the possession of the Fleetwood family. Richard Fleetwood built Hackensall Hall in 1656 after their home at Rossall Hall was flooded. Nearby Parrox Hall was built about the same time, and has been in the possession of the Elletson family since 1690.[citation needed]
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Prescot
Coordinates: 53°25′19″N 2°48′50″W / 53.4220°N 2.8140°W / 53.4220; -2.8140
Prescot is a town and civil parish, within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. It is 8 miles to the east of Liverpool city centre and lies within the historic boundaries of Lancashire. At the 2001 Census, the population was 11,184 (5,265 males, 5,919 females). Prescot marks the beginning of the A58 road which runs through to Wetherby, West Yorkshire. The town is served by Prescot railway station and Eccleston Park railway station.
Prescot's name is believed to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon prēost "priest" + cot "cot", meaning a cottage or small house owned or inhabited by a priest, a "priest-cottage". (ME prest, preste, priest, OE prēost, LL presbyter, Gk πρεσβύτερος presbýteros "elder, priest").
In the 14th century, William Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, obtained a charter for the holding of a three-day market and moveable fair at Prescot, to begin on the Wednesday following Corpus Christi.
From about 1593, into the early years of the 17th century, Prescot was home to the Prescot Playhouse, a purpose-built Shakespearean theatre.
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Prestwich
Coordinates: 53°32′00″N 2°17′00″W / 53.5333°N 2.2833°W / 53.5333; -2.2833
Prestwich is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies close to the River Irwell, 3.3 miles (5.3 km) north of Manchester city centre, 3.1 miles (5 km) north of Salford and 4.7 miles (7.6 km) south of Bury.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Prestwich's early history is marked by its status as the seat of the ancient parish of Prestwich-cum-Oldham, in the hundred of Salfordshire. The Church of St Mary the Virgin—a Grade I listed building—has lain at the centre of the community for centuries.
The oldest part of Prestwich developed around Bury New Road and is known as "Prestwich Village". There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich and Whitefield, neighbouring Broughton Park in Salford and parts of Cheetham Hill and Crumpsall, which forms the second-largest Jewish community in the United Kingdom.
The name Prestwich is possibly of Saxon origin, derived from Priest Wic, which in Old English translates to "the priest's farmed land". Another possible derivation of the town's name is "Priest's retreat". Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm. The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.
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Ramsbottom
Coordinates: 53°38′54″N 2°19′01″W / 53.6484°N 2.3169°W / 53.6484; -2.3169
Ramsbottom is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, Greater Manchester, England. It is situated on the course of the River Irwell, in the West Pennine Moors.Historically within Lancashire, it is located 3.9 miles (6.3 km) north-northwest of Bury, and 12 miles (19 km) north-northwest of Manchester. The name Ramsbottom is believed to derive from the Old English words ramm and botm, meaning "valley of the ram". Ramsbottom is described as a "thriving market town in spectacular surroundings". Its Victorian architecture, Pennine landscape, its industrial heritage and the heritage East Lancashire Railway station contribute to cultural tourism in the town.
The name probably means "ram's valley" from Old English ramm (ram) and botm (valley). However some toponymists interpret it as wild-garlic-valley, with the first element representing the Old English hramsa meaning "wild garlic". A record from 1324 giving the name as Ramesbothum is inconclusive. The town was alternatively recorded as Ramysbothom in 1540.
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Rawtenstall
Coordinates: 53°41′56″N 2°17′28″W / 53.699°N 2.291°W / 53.699; -2.291
Rawtenstall ( /ˈrɒtənstɔːl/ or local /ˈrɒʔənstɔːl/) is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, England. It is the seat for the Borough of Rossendale, in which it is located. The town lies 17.4 miles north of Manchester, 22 miles east of Preston and 45 miles south east of the county town of Lancaster. Nearby towns include Bacup, Haslingden and Ramsbottom.
The name Rawtenstall has been given two possible interpretations. The older is a combination of the Middle English routen (‘to roar or bellow’), from the Old Norse rauta and the Old English stall ‘pool in a river’ (Ekwall 1922, 92). The second, more recent one, relates to Rawtenstall’s identification as a cattle farm in 1324 and combines the Old English ruh ‘rough’ and tun-stall ‘the site of a farm’ (Mills 1991, 269), or possibly, ‘buildings occupied when cattle were pastured on high ground’ (Mills 1976, 125).
The earliest settlement at Rawtenstall was probably in the early medieval period, during the time when it formed part of the Forest of Rossendale in the Honour of Clitheroe, and consisted of simple dwellings for forest servants and animals. More substantial buildings may have followed in the 15th and 16th centuries with corn and flour mills.
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Reddish
Coordinates: 53°26′18″N 2°09′41″W / 53.4383°N 2.1613°W / 53.4383; -2.1613
Reddish is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Stockport and 4.6 miles (7.4 km) southeast of Manchester. The population is 30,055 in an area of 7.08 square kilometres (2.73 mi²).
Historically a part of Lancashire, Reddish grew and developed rapidly during the Industrial Revolution and still retains landmarks from that period, such as Houldsworth Mill, a former textile mill.
Reddish Vale is a country park close to the locality.
Reddish is recorded as Redich (1205, 1212), Redych, Radich (1226), Radish, Rediche (1262), Redditch (1381), Redwyche, Radishe and Reddishe (16th century). The name either means "reedy ditch" (OE hrēod-dīc) or "red ditch" (OE rēad-dīc). Ekwall (1922) allows either form, stating "red" is less probable; Mills (1991) and Arrowsmith (1997) only give the "reed" option. The ditch referred to is possibly the Nico Ditch, an earthwork of uncertain origin bordering Reddish, Manchester and Denton. Folklore has it that the names Gorton and Reddish arose from a battle between Saxons and Danes. John Higson wrote in 1852
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Ribble Steam Railway
Coordinates: 53°45′32″N 2°45′22″W / 53.7588°N 2.7561°W / 53.7588; -2.7561
The Ribble Steam Railway is a standard gauge preserved railway in Lancashire, in the United Kingdom. It was opened to the public on 17 September 2005, running along Preston Docks,. The railway began by housing much of the collection from the previously-closed Southport Railway Museum (Steamport), which was based in the old Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway engine shed at Southport (BR shed code 27C).
The project was first started in 1973, a presevation centre opened in Southport, on the Derby Road, in a refurbished Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway steam shed. However, the shed was becoming a costly burden to handle for the museum, so a relocation scheme was started. Preston Docks was chosen as the new location for the museum. Preston Docks has a large railway network, that used to serve the vast docks and quays. But when the docks closed, the railway was not used. The project finally closed the Southport Railway Museum in 1999.
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Ribble Valley
Ribble Valley is a local government district with borough status within the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Clitheroe. Other places include Whalley, Longridge and Ribchester. The area is so called due to the River Ribble which flows in its final stages towards its estuary near Preston. The area is popular with tourists who enjoy the area's natural unspoilt beauty, much of which lies within the Forest of Bowland.
The Ribble Valley is statistically the wealthiest enclave in Lancashire and businesses in the area reflect this, including a Michelin listed restaurant and a Bentley car dealership. The area is a popular place with those who wish to relocate from London to somewhere more rural and community orientated.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of the municipal borough of Clitheroe, Longridge urban district, Clitheroe Rural District, part of Blackburn Rural District, part of Burnley Rural District, and part of Preston Rural District, as well as the Bowland Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire, hence the addition of the Red Rose of Lancaster and White Rose of York on the council's coat of arms.
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Ribchester
Coordinates: 53°48′47″N 2°31′56″W / 53.8130°N 2.5323°W / 53.8130; -2.5323
Ribchester is a village and civil parish within the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. It lies on the banks of the River Ribble, 6 miles (10 km) northwest of Blackburn and 12 miles (19 km) east of Preston.
The village has a long history with evidence of Bronze Age beginnings. It is well known as a significant Roman site being the location of a Roman cavalry fort called Bremetennacum; some parts of which have been exposed by excavation. In common with many towns and villages in East Lancashire its later history was dominated by cotton weaving; firstly in the form of hand loom weaving and later in two mills. Neither mill still operates and the village is primarily a dormitory village for commuters to the town of Blackburn and cities of Preston and Manchester.
The main access road into Ribchester is the B6245. From the north, this is the Preston Road, which merges into Church Street. From the east, it is the Blackburn Road, which, at its westernmost extremity, also links up with Church Street, albeit closer to the centre of the village.
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Rishton
Coordinates: 53°46′12″N 2°25′07″W / 53.770110°N 2.418703°W / 53.770110; -2.418703
Rishton is a small town in the Hyndburn district of Lancashire, England, about 2 miles (3 km) west of Clayton-le-Moors and 4 miles (6 km) north-east of Blackburn. It was an urban district from 1894 to 1974.
Rishton was the first place that the cloth calico was woven on an industrial scale.[citation needed] Its name means "village (or farm) amid the rushes".
Rishton is situated in an area of low moorland north-east of Blackburn and north-west of Accrington. Its elevation above sea level varies from 250 feet (76 m) in the east where Norden Brook flows into the River Hyndburn, to 785 feet (239 m) on Rishton Height, north-west of the town.
In Rishton there are 3 primary schools. These are St. Peter and St. Paul's Church of England Primary School, St. Charles' Roman Catholic Primary School and Rishton Methodist Primary School. There is also 1 high school, Norden High School and Sports College, which serves children from Rishton and neighbouring towns.
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River Darwen
The River Darwen is a river running through Darwen and Blackburn in Lancashire.
The river was seriously polluted with human and industrial effluent during the Industrial Revolution, up to the early 1970s. The river often changed colour dramatically as a result of paper and paint mills routinely using river water to flush out dye and paint tanks. This has now ceased and the river is relatively clear with the return of trout and small fish.
Rising in Jack's Key Clough at the confluence of two streams from Bull Hill and Cranberry Moss, the river flows through the town of Darwen, continuing into the suburbs of Blackburn past Ewood Park. The river passes below the Leeds and Liverpool Canal at Ewood Aqueduct and is culverted again at Waterfall and near Griffin Park. It is joined by the River Blakewater near Witton Country Park in Blackburn and leaves the mostly urban landscapes of the towns behind, flowing through parklands and valleys. A further tributary, the River Roddlesworth, joins the Darwen at the bottom of Moulden Brow on the boundary between Blackburn with Darwen and Chorley Borough Council (the name Moulden Brow being associated with Moulden Water, an alternative name for this stretch of the river). From there, the Darwen flows past Hoghton Tower through Hoghton Bottoms and Samlesbury Bottoms, finally combining with the River Ribble at Walton-le-Dale.
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River Hodder
The River Hodder is a river in Lancashire, England. The river is a County Biological Heritage Site.
It rises on White Hill and flows for approximately 23 miles to the River Ribble, of which it is the largest tributary. The confluence of the rivers is an impressive[peacock term] sight, particularly when both are in spate.
The Hodder drains much of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and all but the last mile of its course is through this scenic area.
The upper reaches of the river feed the large Stocks Reservoir, which provides much of[quantify] Lancashire's water supply. After exiting the reservoir, the Hodder continues in a general southward direction. It collects many tributaries from the valleys of Bowland and, lower down, parts of the Ribble Valley. Most notable among the feeders of the Hodder are Croasdale Brook, Easington Brook, the River Dunsop, Langden Brook and the River Loud.
Much of the land in the Hodder Valley further to the north is owned by the Crown as Duke of Lancaster, whilst further down, farming land on the Stonyhurst Estate is owned by Stonyhurst College and the Jesuits[citation needed]. The river runs close to the College and passes adjacent to the former preparatory school, Hodder Place. The river lends its name to the pre-preparatory department at Stonyhurst, "Hodder House" and also years three to five known collectively as "Hodder Playroom".
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River Mersey
The River Mersey ( /ˈmɜrzi/) is a river in North West England. It is around 70 miles (113 km) long, stretching from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ending at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Mersey is formed from three tributaries: the River Etherow, the River Goyt, and the River Tame. The modern accepted start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the Tame and Goyt, in central Stockport, Greater Manchester. However, older definitions, and many older maps, place its start a few miles up the Goyt at Compstall; for example the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica states "It is formed by the junction of the Goyt and the Etherow a short distance below Marple in Cheshire on the first-named stream." The 1784 John Stockdale map shows the River Mersey extending to Mottram, and forming the boundary between Cheshire and Derbyshire.
From Stockport it flows through Didsbury, Northenden, Stretford, Urmston and Flixton, then at Irlam it flows into the Manchester Ship Canal, which is the canalised River Irwell to this point. The course of the Mersey has been obliterated by the Canal past Hollins Green to Rixton although the old river bed can be seen outside Irlam and also at Warburton. At Rixton the River Bollin enters the Canal from the south and the Mersey leaves the Canal to the north, meandering through Woolston, where the Ship Canal Company's dredgings have formed a nature reserve (Woolston Eyes), and Warrington. It is tidal from Howley Weir in Warrington, although high spring tides often top the weir. A small bypass around Howley Weir, Howley Lock, was created before the ship canal existed, but is now redundant. The lock is still visible.
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River Ribble
The River Ribble is a river that runs through North Yorkshire and Lancashire, in northern England. The river's drainage basin also includes parts of Greater Manchester around Wigan.
The Ribble begins at the confluence of the Gayle Beck and Cam Beck near the famous viaduct at Ribblehead, in the shadow of the Yorkshire three peaks.
It flows through Settle, Clitheroe, Ribchester and Preston, before emptying into the Irish Sea between Lytham St. Annes and Southport, a length of 75 miles (121 km).
The main tributaries of the Ribble are the Hodder and Calder which join the river near Great Mitton, the River Darwen which joins at Walton-le-Dale and the River Douglas which joins near Hesketh Bank.
The Ribble Way is a long-distance footpath which follows the river for much of its course. The Ribble marked the northernmost extent of the ancient kingdom of Mercia. At the time of the Domesday Book, the river formed the northern boundary of an area of land (known as Inter Ripam et Mersam) that was included in the Domesday information for Cheshire, though it was probably not formally part of the county of Cheshire.
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River Wyre
The River Wyre is a river in Lancashire, United Kingdom, which flows into the Irish Sea at Fleetwood. It is approximately 28 miles (45 km) in length. The river is a County Biological Heritage Site.
The river rises in the Forest of Bowland in central Lancashire, as two distinct tributaries, the Tarnbrook Wyre and the Marshaw Wyre, whose confluence is near the village of Abbeystead. In 1984 a pumping station, built just below the confluence as part of a water transfer scheme in the 1980s, was the location of the Abbeystead disaster, an explosion in which 16 people were killed and a further 22 were injured.
From Abbeystead, the river flows south through Dolphinholme and Garstang to Catterall where it meets its first major tributary, the River Calder. The river then turns westwards, flowing through St Michael's On Wyre where it is joined by its second major tributary, the River Brock. It becomes tidal below the weir at St Michael's.
It is crossed by a toll bridge (normal fee is 40 pence) at Cartford, between Little Eccleston and Out Rawcliffe. A former toll bridge, Shard Bridge, close to Poulton-le-Fylde, has been rebuilt and is now free. The Lancaster Canal crosses on a small aqueduct at Garstang. A pedestrian ferry runs between Fleetwood and Knott End but the ferry to the Isle of Man no longer runs.
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Rochdale
Coordinates: 53°36′49″N 2°09′40″W / 53.6136°N 2.1610°W / 53.6136; -2.1610
Rochdale /ˈrɒtʃdeɪl/ is a large market town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amongst the foothills of the Pennines on the River Roch, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) north-northwest of Oldham, and 9.8 miles (15.8 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester. Rochdale is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, population 206,500. Rochdale is the largest settlement and administrative centre, with a total population of 95,796.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 under Recedham Manor. The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the hundred of Salford and one of the largest ecclesiastical parishes in England comprising several townships. By 1251, Rochdale had become important enough to have been granted a Royal charter. Subsequently, Rochdale flourished into a centre of northern England's woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for many wealthy merchants".
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Rochdale Canal
The Rochdale Canal is a navigable "broad" canal in northern England, part of the connected system of the canals of Great Britain. The "Rochdale" in its name refers to the town of Rochdale, Greater Manchester, through which the canal passes.
The Rochdale is a Broad canal because its bridges and locks are wide enough to allow vessels of 14 ft width. The canal runs for 32 miles (51 km) across the Pennines from the Bridgewater Canal at Castlefield Basin in Manchester to join the Calder and Hebble Navigation at Sowerby Bridge in West Yorkshire.
As originally built, the canal had 92 locks. Whilst the traditional lock numbering has been retained on all restored locks, and on all the relocated locks, the canal now has only 91 locks. The former locks 3 and 4 have been replaced with a single deep lock (Tuel Lane Lock), which is numbered as 3/4.
The Rochdale Canal was conceived in 1776, when a group of 48 eminent men from Rochdale raised £237 and commissioned James Brindley to conduct a survey of possible routes between Sowerby Bridge and Manchester. He proposed a route similar to that built, and another more expensive route via Bury. Further progress was not made until 1791, when John Rennie was asked to make a new survey in June, and two months later to make surveys for branches to Rochdale, Oldham and to some limeworks near Todmorden. Rennie at the time had no experience of building canals.
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Rossendale
Rossendale is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It is made up of a number of small former mill towns centred around the valley of the River Irwell in the industrial North West. The district combines urban with rural aspects, and is close to the more populated areas of Bolton, Burnley, Bury, Manchester and Rochdale.
In the 2001 census the population of Rossendale was 65,652, spread between the larger towns of Bacup, Haslingden and Rawtenstall; the villages of Crawshawbooth, Edenfield, Helmshore, Waterfoot, Whitworth; and as well as Britannia, Chatterton, Cloughfold, Cowpe, Irwell Vale, Newchurch, Shawforth, Stacksteads, Stubbins, Turn, Water, Weir.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden, Rawtenstall, part of Ramsbottom Urban District and Whitworth Urban District.
Rossendale is twinned with the German town of Bocholt, located close to the Netherlands border.
The name "Rossendale" may also refer geographically to Rossendale Valley, and historically refers to the medieval Forest or "Chase" of Rossendale, which encompassed approximately the same area as the modern district.
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Rufford Old Hall
Rufford Old Hall, a National Trust property and Grade I listed building, was built in the 15th century, probably for Sir Thomas Hesketh, in Rufford, Lancashire, England. Only the great hall survives from the original building but it indicates the wealth and position of the family.
The timber-framed great hall was built to a late medieval pattern which continued in use in Tudor times and was probably built for Thomas Hesketh in the late 15th century. The hall which formed the south wing is substantially as built, 46 feet 6 inches long and 22 feet 6 inches wide with the timbers sitting on a low stone wall. The hall has a flagged floor. It has a stone chimney, five bays, and a hammerbeam roof. There are five hammerbeams, each of which terminate, at both ends, in a carved wooden angel. There is also a moveable carved wooden screen, probably dating from 1530–40, which is the only known surviving example from the first half of the 16th century. It was described by Pevsner as being "of an exuberance of decoration matched nowhere else in England"
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Salford Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of St. John the Evangelist, usually known as Salford Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. Located on Chapel Street, Salford (grid reference SJ82769857), not far from Manchester city centre, it is the seat of the Bishop of Salford and mother church of the Diocese of Salford. The architectural style is decorated neo-Gothic, and the Cathedral is a Grade II* listed building.
St. John's Church, Salford, was built between 1844 and 1848 to designs of Matthew Ellison Hadfield (1812–1885) of Weightman and Hadfield of Sheffield, by Benjamin Hollins of Manchester. Hadfield's design for St. John's, the first cruciform Catholic church to be built in England after the Reformation, was closely modelled on a number of noted medieval churches. The 'west' (actually south) front is copied from Howden Minster in the East Riding of Yorkshire; the choir and sanctuary are a replica of those of Selby Abbey in North Yorkshire; the decorations of the groined roof are copied from the church of St Jacques in Liege, Belgium; the tower and spire, the latter the tallest in Lancashire at the time of building, are derived from the church of St Mary Magdalene, Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire. Two notable local businessmen, Daniel Lee (d. 1858) and John Leeming (d. 1877), each donated £1,000 towards the cost of the church and furnishings; both benefactors are commemorated in chantries at the 'east' end of the choir. The Cathedral's 'east' window of 1856, by William Wailes of Newcastle, depicts the history of Catholic Christianity in England, from the conversion of Ethelbert by St. Augustine in 597, to the restoration of the Catholic hierarchy in 1850. The total cost of building the Cathedral was £18,000.
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Salterforth
Coordinates: 53°54′18″N 2°10′12″W / 53.905°N 2.170°W / 53.905; -2.170
Salterforth is a village and civil parish within the Borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England. It lies on the B6383 road that connects Barnoldswick to the A56 road at Kelbrook. The Leeds and Liverpool Canal cuts through the village and there are several narrowboat moorings at Salterforth. The canal footpath provides a picturesque walk to Barnoldswick or to Foulridge in the opposite direction.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Salterforth used to be within Skipton Rural District until 1974. Some of the local area is referred to as West Craven alluding to Salterforth's cultural links to the Craven area of North Yorkshire.
Other local towns and villages are; Barnoldswick - 1 mile (1.6 km) north west, Kelbrook - 2 miles (3.2 km) east, Earby - 2 miles (3.2 km) north east, Thornton in Craven 3 miles (4.8 km) north east, Foulridge - 2 miles (3.2 km) south and Colne 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south.
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Salwick
Salwick is a village between Kirkham and Preston in Lancashire, England. The village is largely rural and is an extension of the smaller Clifton to the south. It is in the borough of Fylde, and in the Parliamentary Constituency of Fylde, and forms part of the civil parish of Newton with Clifton. It is at grid reference SD466320, and is served by Salwick railway station.
The area of "Clifton With Salwick" was in the Archdeaconry of Richmond in the Diocese of Chester.
The etymology of Salwick is unclear. The "wick" may come from Old English wic, meaning an earlier Romano-British settlement specialised in farming; but the "Sal(w)" element is unclear.
Salwick is the home of the Springfields nuclear fuel manufacturing plant.
A rural view of Salwick
The Hand and Dagger alongside the Lancaster Canal
Coordinates: 53°46′54″N 2°48′43″W / 53.78157°N 2.81188°W / 53.78157; -2.81188
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Samlesbury
Coordinates: 53°45′14″N 2°34′48″W / 53.754°N 2.580°W / 53.754; -2.580
Samlesbury ( /ˈsɑːmzbᵊri/) is a small village and civil parish in the South Ribble borough of Lancashire, England. Samlesbury Hall, a historic house, is located in the village as well as Samlesbury Aerodrome. The village is also home to a large modern brewery belonging to InBev.
The village's name is derived from the Old English sceamol, meaning ledge and burh meaning fortification, hence literally "ledge fortification". It may also be that the name at least partly derives from the Roman name for the River Ribble and its eponymous Celtic deity, Belisama.
Samlesbury parish church, like the one at nearby Walton-le-Dale, is dedicated to St. Leonard the Less and was founded in 1096. The church contains a Norman tub font, a medieval bell and Sir Thomas Southworth's funerary armour dating from 1546. It also has a church chest, a two-decker pulpit and a complete set of box pews dating from the 17th and 18th centuries.
The Roman Catholic church is St Mary and St John Southworth. There was previously also a Wesleyan Methodist chapel.
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Samlesbury Hall
Samlesbury Hall is an historic house in Samlesbury, a village in Lancashire, England. It was built in 1325 by Gilbert de Southworth (b. 1270) and was the primary home of the Southworth Family until the early 1600s. Samlesbury Hall was built possibly to replace an earlier building destroyed during a raid by the Scots in 1322. The Hall has been many things in its past including a public house and girls boarding school, but since 1925, when it was saved from being demolished for its timber, it has been administered by a registered charitable trust, the Samlesbury Hall Trust. This Grade I listed medieval manor house attracts over 50,000 visitors each year.
The Hall was built with its solar end windows facing east, as was the practice. When the chapel was constructed 140 years later, it too was built to face east. However, when the chapel was connected to the main hall a further 60 years later, the angle of connection was less than 90° because of the solstice change in the sun's position over the years.
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Scarisbrick
Coordinates: 53°36′48″N 2°56′37″W / 53.6134°N 2.9435°W / 53.6134; -2.9435
Scarisbrick (commonly pronounced as "Scays-brick" or "Scares-brick") is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England. It is spread out along the A570 (the main road between Ormskirk and Southport) so there is no real village centre, though the junction with the A5147 is close to the geographic centre. On the main road are three eating places and pubs: the Elephant (formerly the Red Lion), the Morris Dancers, and Master McGraths. On the back road through the village is another canalside pub, the Heaton's Bridge Inn. It also boasts a rainbow trout fishery and an 18-hole championship golf course. According to the 2001 census, the population of Scarisbrick was 3,504.
Scarisbrick parish, the largest in Lancashire,[citation needed] was, in early times, an area much avoided by travellers. With its vast tracts of poorly drained peat marshes and the huge lake of Martin Mere, it was difficult terrain to cross. Much of the flat land between Southport and Liverpool is polder reclaimed from marshes and the lake. The original small scattered farmsteads of the parish now form the basis of today's hamlets of Barson Green, Bescar, Carr Cross, Drummerdale, Hurlston, Pinfold, and Snape.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Simonswood
Coordinates: 53°30′18″N 2°52′41″W / 53.505°N 2.878°W / 53.505; -2.878 Simonswood is a civil parish in the West Lancashire district of Lancashire, England. At the 2001 Census, the population was 130.
It was originally a township associated with the parish of Walton on the Hill, and became a separate civil parish in 1866.
From 1894 to 1974 it formed part of the West Lancashire Rural District. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, it was transferred to the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in the new metropolitan county of Merseyside.
The Simonswood parish was transferred back to Lancashire (to the West Lancashire district), on 1 April 1994. At the time of this transfer the area of the parish was 830 hectares, and the population was 150.
Media related to Simonswood at Wikimedia Commons
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Skelmersdale
Coordinates: 53°32′58″N 2°46′16″W / 53.5495°N 2.7712°W / 53.5495; -2.7712
Skelmersdale is a town in West Lancashire, England. It lies on high-ground on the River Tawd, 6 miles (10 km) to the west of Wigan, 13 miles (21 km) to the northeast of Liverpool, 15 miles (24 km) south-southwest of Preston. As of 2006, Skelmersdale had a population of 38,813, down from 41,000 in 2004. The town is known locally as Skem. The first recorded use of the name Skelmersdale appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. It was under the rule of Uctred as part of the hundred of West Derby.
The urbanisation and development of Skelmersdale largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution. Industrial scale coal mining began in the early 19th century and continued to expand during that century to give rise to Skelmersdale as an important colliery village.
Skelmersdale was designated as a new town in 1961.
The River Tawd flows through Skelmersdale into a country park. The main country park is at Ashurst Beacon, a hillside location that is also home to a golf club.
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Skipton
Coordinates: 53°57′43″N 2°01′01″W / 53.962°N 2.017°W / 53.962; -2.017
Skipton (also known as Skipton-in-Craven) is a market town and civil parish within the Craven district of North Yorkshire, England. It is located along the course of both the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the River Aire, on the south side of the Yorkshire Dales, 16 miles (26 km) northwest of Bradford and 38 miles (61 km) west of York. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Skipton had a population of 14,313.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Skipton was anciently distinguished by Skipton Castle, first constructed in 1090 as a wooden motte-and-bailey by Robert de Romille, a Norman baron. In the 12th century William le Gros replaced it with a stone keep as a means to repel attacks from the Kingdom of Scotland to the north,[citation needed] the erection of which elevated Skipton from a poor dependent village to a burgh administered by a reve. The protection offered by Skipton Castle during the Middle Ages encouraged the urbanisation of the surrounding area, and during times of war and disorder, attracted an influx of families.
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Slaidburn
Coordinates: 53°58′04″N 2°26′09″W / 53.967783°N 2.435927°W / 53.967783; -2.435927
Slaidburn is a village and civil parish within the Ribble Valley district of Lancashire, England. With a population in 2001 of just under 300, it covers just over 5000 acres of the Forest of Bowland. Historically, a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Slaidburn lies near the head of the River Hodder and Stocks Reservoir, both within the Forest of Bowland, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Farming is still a major employer, but the area attracts tourists; for walking in particular. The civil parish of Slaidburn shares a parish council with Easington, a rural parish to the north of Slaidburn.
The parish church of St Andrew has a superb Jacobean screen and a fine Georgian pulpit. The brass band composer William Rimmer (1862–1936) composed the now-popular march, named Slaidburn after the village, for the Slaidburn Silver Band. A new village hall has opened to much fanfare and is being well used. There is a local pub, The Hark To Bounty, which upstairs houses the ancient halmote or courthouse of the Manor of Slaidburn
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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South Lakeland
Coordinates: 54°18′43″N 2°52′48″W / 54.312°N 2.880°W / 54.312; -2.880
South Lakeland is a local government district in Cumbria, England. Its council is based in Kendal. It includes much of the Lake District.
The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It was formed from the Kendal borough, Windermere urban district, most of Lakes urban district, South Westmorland Rural District, from Westmorland, Grange and Ulverston urban districts and North Lonsdale Rural District from Lancashire, and Sedbergh Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire.
Elections to the district council are held in three out of every four years, with one third of the 51 seats on the council being elected at each election. No political party held a majority on the council from the first election in 1973 to 2006. However since winning a majority at the 2006 election the Liberal Democrats have controlled the council. As of the 2012 election the council is composed of the following councillors:-
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South Ribble
Coordinates: 53°41′49″N 2°41′24″W / 53.697°N 2.690°W / 53.697; -2.690
South Ribble is a non-metropolitan district and borough of Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Leyland. In May 2007, the council was officially declared "Excellent" by the Audit Commission, gaining its place among the best 5 district councils in the country,
On 4 October 2007, a team from South Ribble won the LGC Challenge, defeating over 40 other authorities, including larger metropolitan and unitary councils.
South Ribble Borough Council is working in partnership with Chorley Borough Council (a neighbouring authority) on Finance, Procurement, Audit and other centralised functions.
Other notable population areas within South Ribble are Penwortham, Longton, Hutton (headquarters of the Lancashire Police), Walton-le-Dale, Bamber Bridge, Lostock Hall, a significant part of Buckshaw Village and Moss Side.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from Leyland and Walton-le-Dale urban districts, along with part of Preston Rural District.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Southport
Coordinates: 53°38′43″N 3°00′30″W / 53.6454°N 3.0083°W / 53.6454; -3.0083
Southport ( /ˈsaʊθpɔrt/) is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. During the 2001 census Southport was recorded as having a population of 90,336, making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England. The endonym for people from Southport is "Sandgrounder".
Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast of North West England and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary. The town is situated 16.5 miles (26.6 km) to the north of the city of Liverpool and 14.8 miles (23.8 km) southwest of the city of Preston.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the town in its present form was founded in 1792 when a hotel was built at what now is the south end of Lord Street. At that time the area was sparsely populated and was dominated by sand dunes. During the turn of the 19th century the area became popular with tourists due to the easy access from the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the town quickly grew. The rapid growth of Southport largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. Town attractions include Southport Pier with its Southport Pier Tramway, the second longest seaside pleasure pier in the British Isles, and Lord Street, an elegant tree-lined shopping street once home of Napoleon III of France.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Stalybridge
Coordinates: 53°29′00″N 2°02′24″W / 53.4834°N 2.0400°W / 53.4834; -2.0400
Stalybridge ( /steɪlɪˈbrɪdʒ/) is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Tameside in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 22,568.Historically a part of Cheshire, it is 9 miles (14.5 km) east of Manchester city centre and 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Glossop. With the construction of a cotton mill in 1776, Stalybridge became one of the first centres of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The wealth created in the 19th century from the factory-based cotton industry transformed an area of scattered farms and homesteads into a self-confident town. Due to the decline of the cotton industry in the first quarter of the 20th century and the development of modern low density housing in the post-war period, the town is now semi-rural in character.
The earliest evidence of human activity in Stalybridge is a flint scraper from the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. Also bearing testament to the presence of man in prehistory are the Stalybridge cairns. The two monuments are situated on the summit of Hollingworthall Moor, 140 metres (460 ft) apart. One of the round cairns is the best preserved Bronze Age monument in Tameside, and is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. A branch of the Roman road between the forts at Manchester (Mamucium) and Melandra Castle (Ardotalia) is thought to run through Stalybridge to the fort of Castleshaw.
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Stonyhurst College
Stonyhurst College is a coeducational Roman Catholic independent school, adhering to the Jesuit tradition. It is located on the Stonyhurst Estate near the village of Hurst Green in the Ribble Valley area of Lancashire, England, and occupies a Grade I listed building. The school has been fully co-educational since 1999.
The college was founded in 1593 by Father Robert Persons SJ at St Omer, at a time when penal laws prohibited Catholic education in England. After moving to Bruges in 1762 and Liège in 1773, the college moved to England and located at Stonyhurst Hall in 1794. Today it provides boarding and day education to approximately 450 boys and girls aged 13–18. On an adjacent site, its preparatory school, St Mary's Hall, provides education for boys and girls aged 3–13.
Under the motto Quant Je Puis, "All that I can", the school combines an academic curriculum with extra-curricular pursuits. Roman Catholicism plays a central role in college life, with emphasis on both prayer and service, according to the Jesuit philosophy of creating "Men and Women for Others".
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Stretford
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°18′31″W / 53.4466°N 2.3086°W / 53.4466; -2.3086
Stretford (pop. 37,500) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Lying on flat ground between the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salford and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast of Altrincham. Stretford is contiguous with the suburb of Chorlton-cum-Hardy to the east, and the towns of Urmston to the west, Salford to the north, and Sale to the south. The Bridgewater Canal bisects the town.
Historically a part of Lancashire, during much of the 19th century Stretford was an agricultural village known locally as Porkhampton, a reference to the large number of pigs produced for the nearby Manchester market. It was also an extensive market gardening area, producing more than 500 long tons (508 t) of vegetables each week for sale in Manchester by 1845. The arrival of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park Industrial Estate in the north of the town, accelerated the industrialisation that had begun in the late 19th century. By 2001, less than 1% of Stretford's population was employed in agriculture.
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Suffolk
Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe. It is one of the few counties in the United Kingdom that does not contain a city.
The county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of The Broads in the North. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
By the 5th century the Angles, after whom East Anglia and England itself are named, had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", hence, "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Suffolk, and several adjacent areas, became the kingdom of East Anglia, which was settled by the Angles in the 5th century AD, later merging with Mercia and then Wessex.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Tameside
The Metropolitan Borough of Tameside is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. It is named after the River Tame which flows through the borough and spans the towns of Ashton-under-Lyne, Audenshaw, Denton, Droylsden, Dukinfield, Hyde, Mossley and Stalybridge. Its western border is approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Manchester city centre. It borders Derbyshire to the east, the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham to the north, the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport to the south, and the City of Manchester to the west. Tameside has a population of 214,400.
The history of the area extends back to the Stone Age. There are over 300 listed buildings in Tameside and three Scheduled Ancient Monuments, which includes a castle of national importance. The settlements in Tameside were small townships centred around agriculture until the advent of the Industrial Revolution. The towns of the borough grew and became involved in the cotton industry, which dominated the local economy. The current borough was created in 1974 as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972. Since then the area has been administered by Tameside Borough Council, which has been judged by the Audit Commission to be "performing strongly".
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Tarleton
Coordinates: 53°40′41″N 2°50′30″W / 53.67800°N 2.84168°W / 53.67800; -2.84168
Tarleton is a village and civil parish situated in the Lancashire mosslands north east of Southport, and to the south west of Preston, in North West England. The village is known for farming due to its rich soil quality. The River Douglas runs northwards to the east of the village, which is locally thought to be where the Vikings camped on the river banks of what is now Tarleton.[citation needed] The parish also includes the villiage of Mere Brow and the hamlets of Sollom and Holmes.
Tarleton is sometimes said to be derived from a Viking settlement known as Jarle's Town. The more likely derivation is from the Norse name Tharaldr, to which tun has been added. The early form is "Tarleton", by about 1200 and it is mentioned in the Feet of Fines in 1298. The township was recorded as Tharilton in 1246 and subsequently Tarleton.
William Farrer & J. Brownbill describe how Tarleton was once part of Croston. "The township was separated from Croston in 1821, and made an independent parish by Act of Parliament. The River Douglas or Asland, as it is here called, flowing north to the Ribble, forms the eastern boundary for some 3 miles. The low-lying level surface stretches west for about the same distance to reach the borders of what was Martin Mere, now drained. A stretch of slightly higher land lies all along the river bank, and about the centre of it is the village of Tarleton; at the south end is the hamlet of Sollom. On another slightly elevated piece of land on the west is the hamlet of Holmes, with Mere Brow to the south. A large part of the area is moss-land—Tarleton Moss on the north and Sollom Moss on the south. The area is 5,534½ acres, and the population in 1901 was 1,800.
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The Fylde
The Fylde ( /ˈfaɪld/); Scandinavian: "field") is a coastal plain in western Lancashire, England. It is roughly a 13-mile (20-kilometre) square-shaped peninsula, bounded by Morecambe Bay to the north, the Ribble estuary to the south, the Irish Sea to the west, and the Bowland hills to the east. The eastern boundary is approximately the location of the M6 motorway.
It is a flat, alluvial plain; parts were once dug for peat, and it is the western part of an area formerly known as Amounderness.
The west coast is almost entirely urban, containing the towns of Fleetwood, Cleveleys, Blackpool and Lytham St Annes, with Thornton, Carleton and Poulton-le-Fylde not far inland. This area forms the Blackpool Urban Area. The central southern part of the Fylde includes the smaller towns of Kirkham and Wesham. The rest of the Fylde is rural, containing villages that include Freckleton, Warton, Wrea Green, Great Eccleston, Hambleton, Knott End and Pilling.
The River Wyre meanders across the Fylde from Garstang on the eastern edge, westwards towards Poulton and then northwards to the sea at Fleetwood. The area north and east of the tidal Wyre, known as Over Wyre, is the more rural side of the river. The Fylde is roughly trisected by the M55 motorway and A586 road.
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Tockholes
Coordinates: 53°42′22″N 2°30′29″W / 53.706°N 2.508°W / 53.706; -2.508
Tockholes is a village and civil parish which forms part of the Blackburn with Darwen unitary authority in the North west of England. Tockholes consists of the village of Tockholes itself and the Hamlet of Ryal Fold, and has a population of 454. It lies on the West Pennine Moors and is surrounded by the towns of Blackburn to the North and Darwen to the East and by the villages of Belmont to the south and Withnell to the West. Darwen Tower is a prominent local landmark that lies to the east of Tockholes and The Roddlesworth Reservoirs and Tockholes forest plantation lie to the south with the M65 passing to the north and the A675 to the south.
Archaeological records for the area in and around Tockholes reveal the presence of Tribal communities as early as 2,000BC. The area is thought to have been inhabited by both Celtic and Anglo-Saxon settlers. Artifacts found in the area to support early settlement include a stone axe head, bronze spear head and later coins. There is a strong connection with early settlers nearby with Bronze age barrows, stone circles, settlements and a variety of objects all being found over the surrounding countryside. Despite running close to an ancient Roman route between Preston and Bolton, There is little evidence of any Roman settlement at Tockholes.
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Todmorden
Coordinates: 53°42′47″N 2°05′46″W / 53.713°N 2.096°W / 53.713; -2.096
Todmorden is a market town and civil parish, located 17 miles from Manchester, within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It forms part of the Upper Calder Valley and has a total population of 14,941.
Todmorden town centre occupies the confluence of three steep-sided Pennine valleys, which constrict the shape of the town. Todmorden is surrounded by moorlands with occasional outcrops of gritstone sandblasted by winds.
The historic county boundary between Yorkshire and Lancashire is marked by the River Calder and its tributary, the Walsden Water, which runs through the centre of the town. The administrative border was altered by the Local Government Act 1888 placing the whole of the town within the West Riding, whereby today all of Todmorden lies within West Yorkshire.
The town is served by Todmorden railway station and Walsden railway station.
The town's name is subject to a variety of pronunciations. The Longman Pronunciation Dictionary lists /ˈtɒdmədən/ as the most common, and /ˈtɒdmɔːdən/ as a common alternative. Locally, some may also use a rhotic pronunciation, /ˈtɒdmərdən/. The traditional dialectal pronunciation is /tɔːmdɪn/, although to many people living in the town and surrounding area, the place is also called "Tod".
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Trafford
Coordinates: 53°26′N 2°18′W / 53.433°N 2.3°W / 53.433; -2.3
Trafford is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. With an estimated population of about 211,800 in 2006, it covers 41 square miles (106 km2) and includes the towns of Altrincham, Partington, Sale, Stretford, and Urmston. The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 as a merger of the municipal boroughs of Altrincham, Sale, and Stretford, the urban districts of Bowdon, Hale, and Urmston and part of Bucklow Rural District. All were previously in Cheshire, apart from Stretford and Urmston which were in Lancashire. The River Mersey flows through the borough, separating North Trafford from South Trafford. Historically the Mersey also acted as the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire.
The Trafford area has a long heritage, with evidence of Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Roman activity. Amongst the relics of the past are two castles – one of them a Scheduled Ancient Monument – and over 200 listed buildings. The area underwent change in the late 19th century and the population rapidly expanded with the arrival of the railway. Trafford is the home of Manchester United F.C. and Lancashire County Cricket Club and since 2002 the Imperial War Museum North.
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Trawden
Coordinates: 53°50′31″N 2°07′48″W / 53.842°N 2.130°W / 53.842; -2.130
Trawden is a medium sized village in Trawden Forest parish of Pendle, Lancashire, England, situated at the foot of Boulsworth Hill. Agriculture was the main industry of the village and surrounding area, although it did have several mills. Most of these have now been demolished for, or converted to housing. It holds an annual garden festival and scarecrow competition at the beginning of July and an agricultural show in August.
Trawden F.C. were champions of the Pendle Charity League Second Division in the 2006-07 season.[citation needed]
Each year as a way of encouraging people to visit Trawden and the surrounding area a small group of village residents organise and mobilise other villagers in order to hold the annual Trawden Garden Festival and Scarecrow Trail. This takes place over the first weekend in July. Trawden also holds an annual Agricultural show which many farmers, riders and people from around Lancashire enjoy and take part in.
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Tyldesley
Coordinates: 53°31′00″N 2°28′00″W / 53.5166°N 2.4668°W / 53.5166; -2.4668
Tyldesley ( /ˈtɪlzliː/ or /ˈtɪlsliː/) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, in Greater Manchester, England. It occupies an area north of Chat Moss near the foothills of the West Pennine Moors, 7.7 miles (12.4 km) east-southeast of Wigan and 8.9 miles (14.3 km) west-northwest of the city of Manchester. At the time of the United Kingdom Census 2001, Tyldesley, which includes the outlying areas of Astley, Shakerley, Mosley Common and New Manchester, had a population of 34,000.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Tyldesley and its surroundings have provided evidence for the remains of a Roman road passing through the area on the ancient course between Coccium (Wigan) and Mamucium (Manchester). Following the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain, Tyldesley was part of the manor of Warrington, until the Norman conquest of England, when Tyldesley constituted a township by the name of Tyldesley-with-Shakerley in the ancient parish of Leigh.
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Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear /ˌtaɪn ənd ˈwɪər/ is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.
Prior to reforms in 1974, the territory comprising the county of Tyne and Wear straddled the border between the counties of Northumberland and County Durham. North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.
Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.
Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Ulverston
Coordinates: 54°11′35″N 3°05′24″W / 54.193°N 3.090°W / 54.193; -3.090
Ulverston is a market town and civil parish in the South Lakeland district of Cumbria in north-west England. Historically part of Lancashire, the town is located in the Furness area, close to the Lake District, and just north of Morecambe Bay and neighboured by Swarthmoor, Pennington and Rosside.
Ulverston's most visible landmark is Hoad Monument, a concrete structure built in 1850 to commemorate statesman and local resident Sir John Barrow. The monument provides scenic views of the surrounding areas, including Morecambe Bay and parts of the Lake District.
Ulverston Canal, which is no longer navigable, is claimed to be the deepest, widest and shortest canal in the United Kingdom at 1¼ miles. The canal was once a vital component of the town's economy.
The town is home to many shops and pubs, some of which are located on the stone sett (paving) main street, Market Street. At the head of the street is the war memorial to local soldiers who died in World War I.
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Upholland
Coordinates: 53°32′28″N 2°43′41″W / 53.541°N 2.728°W / 53.541; -2.728
Upholland (or Up Holland) is a civil parish and village in West Lancashire, England. It is situated approximately 3 miles east of Skelmersdale, also in West Lancashire, and 4½ miles west of Wigan in Greater Manchester.
It forms part of the Lancashire/Greater Manchester county boundary with the neighbouring district of Orrell, in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester. The village is located on a small hill rising above the West Lancashire Coastal Plain. There are views towards St Helens and Liverpool in the south west, Ormskirk and Southport in the north-west and towards Wigan, Manchester and on to the High Peak of Derbyshire in the east.
The name Upholland differentiates it from another place locally called Downholland, 10 miles to the west (on the other side of Ormskirk). Both derive their names from the manor of Holland, a possession of the de Holland family until 1534.
One of Upholland's claims to fame is that George Lyon, reputed to be one of the last English highwaymen, is said to be buried in the churchyard of the Anglican parish church of St. Thomas the Martyr. The truth of the matter is that Lyon was little more than a common thief and receiver of stolen goods. The grave can be found under the concrete parapet opposite the White Lion pub.
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Urmston
Coordinates: 53°26′55″N 2°22′29″W / 53.4487°N 2.3747°W / 53.4487; -2.3747
Urmston /ˈɜrmstən/ ( listen) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of around 41,000.Historically a part of Lancashire, it lies about six miles (10 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre. The southern boundary is marked by the River Mersey and the Mersey Valley, with Stretford lying to the east and Flixton to the west. Davyhulme lies to the north of the town centre. Urmston covers an area of 4,799 acres (19 km²).
The town has early medieval origins, and until the arrival of the railway in 1873 was a small farming community. The railway acted as a catalyst, transforming the town into a residence for the middle classes. Today, Urmston is one of the major urban areas within Trafford: it includes the areas of Davyhulme and Flixton.
In 1983, during an excavation by South Trafford Archaeological Group, fragments of Roman pottery were found in the area now occupied by Urmston cemetery – previously the site of Urmston Old Hall – suggesting that there may have been a Roman settlement on the site. In the early 13th century, Lord Greenhalgh and his family lived Highfield House (under what is now the M60 motorway).
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Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.
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Warton Aerodrome
Warton Aerodrome (ICAO: EGNO) is located near to Warton village on the Fylde in Lancashire, England. The aerodrome is 6 NM (11 km; 6.9 mi) west of Preston, Lancashire, UK.
Today the airfield is a major assembly and testing facility of BAE Systems Military Air Solutions.
Warton Aerodrome has a CAA Ordinary Licence (Number P748) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction as authorised by the licensee (BAE Systems (Operations) Limited).
In 1940 new runways were built at Warton so that it could act as a "satellite" airfield for the RAF Coastal Command station at Squires Gate airfield in Blackpool
The airfield was first operated as an air depot of the U.S. Army Air Force during World War II, as thousands of aircraft were processed on their way to active service in Britain, North Africa, the Mediterranean and mainland Europe. On 23 August 1944, the accidental crash of an American United States Army Air Force B-24 Liberator heavy bomber caused the Freckleton Air Disaster.
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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West Coast Main Line
The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is the busiest mixed-traffic railway route in Britain, being the country's most important rail backbone in terms of population served. Fast, long-distance inter-city passenger services are provided between London, the West Midlands, the North West, North Wales and the Central Belt of Scotland. Since an upgrade in recent years, much of the line has trains running at 125 mph (201 km/h), thereby meeting the European Union's definition of an upgraded high-speed line.
The WCML is the most important intercity rail passenger route in the United Kingdom, connecting London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Glasgow and many smaller towns and cities. In addition, several sections of the WCML form part of the suburban railway systems in London, Birmingham, Manchester and Glasgow, with many more smaller commuter stations, as well as providing a number of links to more rural towns. In 2008 the WCML handled 75 million passenger journeys.
The WCML is also one of the busiest freight routes in Europe, carrying 43% of all UK rail freight traffic. The line is the principal rail freight corridor linking the European mainland (via the Channel Tunnel) through London and south-east England to the West Midlands, north-west England and Scotland. The line has been declared a strategic European route and designated a priority Trans-European Networks (TENS) route.
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West Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°33′43″N 2°49′37″W / 53.562°N 2.827°W / 53.562; -2.827
West Lancashire is a non-metropolitan district with the status of a borough in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Ormskirk. The other town in the borough is Skelmersdale.
The district was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a merger of Ormskirk and Skelmersdale and Holland urban districts along with part of West Lancashire Rural District and part of Wigan Rural District.
Political Composition as of 4th May 2012 the Conservative Leader Councillor Ian Grant and Labour Leader Councillior John Fillis have-
The main towns of Ormskirk (including the village of Westhead) and Skelmersdale are unparished areas.
There is a single Parish meeting for Bispham Green.
West Lancashire is twinned with:
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West Pennine Moors
Coordinates: 53°39′47″N 2°25′52″W / 53.663°N 2.431°W / 53.663; -2.431
The West Pennine Moors cover an area of approximately 90 square miles (230 km2) of moorland and reservoirs in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England.
The West Pennine Moors are separated from the main Pennine range by the Irwell Valley. The moorland includes Withnell, Anglezarke and Rivington Moors in the extreme west, Darwen and Turton Moors, Oswaldtwistle Moors and Holcombe Moors. These moors are lower in height than the main spine of the South Pennines. At 456 metres (1,496 ft), the highest point is at Winter Hill. The area is of historical importance with archaeological evidence of human activity from Neolithic times. The area is close to urban areas, the dramatic backdrop to Bolton, Blackburn and Bury and neighbouring towns affording panoramic views across the Lancashire Plain and the Greater Manchester conurbation. The moorland is surrounded by the towns of Chorley, Bolton, Horwich, Ramsbottom, Haslingden, Oswaldtwistle and Darwen. Notable structures include Rivington Pike Tower, Winter Hill transmitting station, Peel Monument near Holcombe and the Jubilee Tower on Darwen Moor.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Westhoughton
Coordinates: 53°32′53″N 2°31′44″W / 53.548°N 2.529°W / 53.548; -2.529
Westhoughton ( /wɛstˈhɔːtən/) is a town and civil parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton in Greater Manchester, England. It is 4 miles (6 km) southwest of Bolton, 5 miles (8 km) east of Wigan and 13 miles (21 km) northwest of Manchester.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Westhoughton was once a centre for mining, cotton-spinning and textile manufacture. However, today it is predominantly a residential town with a total population of 23,056.
As well as the central town area, Westhoughton incorporates several adjacent "villages" and hamlets which have their own distinctive character, sports traditions and amenities including railway stations. These include Wingates (famous for its Wingates Brass Band), White Horse, Over Hulton, Four Gates (or locally Fourgates), Chequerbent (which was all but destroyed by the building of the motorway), Hunger Hill, Snydale, Hart Common, Marsh Brook, Daisy Hill and Dobb Brow.
The name Westhoughton is derived from the Old English, "halh" (dialectal "haugh") for a nook or corner of land, and "tun" for a farmstead or settlement – meaning a "westerly settlement in a corner of land". Its name has been spelt various ways, often the "West-" affix was omitted. In 1210 it was spelt as Halcton, 1240 as Westhalcton, 1292 as Westhalghton, 1302 as Westhalton, and in the 16th century as Westhaughton and Westhoughton.
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Westmorland
Westmorland ( /ˈwɛstmərlənd/; formerly also spelt Westmoreland; even older spellings are Westmerland and Westmereland) is an area of North West England and one of the 39 historic counties of England. It formed an administrative county from 1889 to 1974, after which the whole county was absorbed into the new county of Cumbria.
At the time of Domesday Book in 1086, parts of the county were considered either to form part of Yorkshire or to be within the separate kingdom of Scotland, having historically been associated with the Kingdom of Strathclyde. The Normans conquered the area that is now Cumbria in 1092 during the reign of William II and created the baronies of Kendal and Westmorland. These were originally distinct jurisdictions with separate sheriffs, but were formed into a single county of Westmorland in 1226/7. Before 1226 the Barony of Kendal was connected to the Earldom or Honour of Lancaster while that of Westmorland was part of the Earldom of Carlisle.
The historic county boundaries are with Cumberland to the north, County Durham and Yorkshire to the east, and Lancashire to the south and west. Windermere forms part of the western border with Lancashire north of the sands, and Ullswater part of the border with Cumberland.
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Widnes
Coordinates: 53°21′47″N 2°43′41″W / 53.363°N 2.728°W / 53.363; -2.728
Widnes is an industrial town within the borough of Halton, in Cheshire, England, with an urban area population of 58,300 in 2010. It is located on the northern bank of the River Mersey where the estuary narrows to form the Runcorn Gap. Directly to the south across the Mersey is the town of Runcorn. Upstream and 8 miles (13 km) to the east is the town of Warrington, and downstream to the west is the neighbouring area of Speke, of the city of Liverpool. Historically part of Lancashire, the town later came under Cheshire for administrative purposes in the 1974 local government reorganisation.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution Widnes consisted of a small number of separate settlements on land which was mainly marsh or moorland. In 1847 the first chemical factory was established and the town rapidly became a major centre of the chemical industry. The demand for labour was met by the immigration of large numbers of workers from Ireland, Poland, Lithuania and Wales. The town continues to be a major manufacturer of chemicals and there has been a degree of diversification of the town's industries.
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Wigan
Coordinates: 53°32′41″N 2°37′54″W / 53.5448°N 2.6318°W / 53.5448; -2.6318
Wigan ( /ˈwɪɡən/) is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It stands on the River Douglas, 7.9 miles (13 km) south-west of Bolton, 10 miles (16 km) north of Warrington and 16 miles (25.7 km) west-northwest of Manchester. Wigan is the largest settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan and is its administrative centre. The town of Wigan had a total population of 81,203 in 2001, whilst the wider borough has a population of 305,600. The town is the headquarters of the Greater Manchester Combined Authority, the top tier administrative body for Greater Manchester.
Historically in the county of Lancashire, Wigan during classical antiquity was in the territory of the Brigantes, an ancient Celtic tribe that ruled much of northern England. The Brigantes were subjugated in the Roman conquest of Britain during the 1st century, and it is asserted that the Roman settlement of Coccium was established where Wigan lies. Wigan is believed to have been incorporated as a borough in 1246 following the issue of a charter by King Henry III of England. At the end of the Middle Ages it was one of four boroughs in Lancashire possessing Royal charters; the others were Lancaster, Liverpool, and Preston.
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Wilpshire
Coordinates: 53°46′44″N 2°28′46″W / 53.778870°N 2.479491°W / 53.778870; -2.479491
Wilpshire is a village and civil parish in the county of Lancashire, England. It is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) north of Blackburn, and forms part of the town's urban area, although it is in the Ribble Valley local government district. In the 2001 United Kingdom census, the parish had a population of 2,569.
The village is situated on the A666 Whalley New Road, between the Brownhill area of Blackburn and the village of Langho. The local railway station is Ramsgreave and Wilpshire, on the Ribble Valley Line with train services to Blackburn, Manchester and Clitheroe.
The only pub in the village is the Wilpshire Hotel, formerly known as The Red House.
Wilpshire Wanderers is a junior football club that runs competitive teams from Under 9 up to Under 18. The club also encourages participation from younger children from the age of 5 onwards.
Wilpshire Golf Club is a private golf club in the village, was founded in 1890. Originally it was a nine hole course but extended to an eighteen hole course in 1907. James Braid was commissioned to redesign the course. Most of the reconstruction has taken place before 1924. In 1995 the course was altered by a new 17th hole.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Worsley
Coordinates: 53°30′33″N 2°23′04″W / 53.5093°N 2.3845°W / 53.5093; -2.3845
Worsley is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies along the course of Worsley Brook, 5.75 miles (9.25 km) west of Manchester. The M60 motorway bisects the area.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Worsley has provided evidence of Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity, including two Roman roads. The completion in 1761 of the Bridgewater Canal allowed Worsley to expand from a small village of cottage industries to an important town based upon cotton manufacture, iron-working, brick-making and extensive coal mining. Later expansion came after the First and Second World Wars, when large urban estates were built in the region.
Today, Worsley is under consideration to be made a World Heritage Site, including Worsley Delph, a scheduled monument. A significant part of the town's historic centre is now a conservation area.
Worsley is first mentioned in a Pipe roll of 1195–96 as Werkesleia, in the claim of a Hugh Putrell to a part of the fee of two knights in nearby Barton-upon-Irwell and Worsley. There are many variations on the name; Werkesleia, 1195; Wyrkedele, 1212; Whurkedeleye, c. 1220; Worketley, 1254; Worcotesley, Workedesle, 1276; Wrkesley, Wrkedeley, Workedeley, 1292; Wyrkeslegh, Workesley, 1301; Worsley, 1444; and "Workdisley alias Workesley alias Worseley", 1581. The spelling of the name in early documents, suggests a Saxon origin. Ge-Weore, the Old English form of the name, means "the cleared place which was cultivated or settled." The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles contain no references to Worsley.
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Worsthorne
Coordinates: 53°46′59″N 2°10′59″W / 53.783°N 2.183°W / 53.783; -2.183
Worsthorne is a rural village on the eastern outskirts of Burnley in Lancashire, England. The parish of Worsthorne-with-Hurstwood has a population of 2,986. The village was known as Worthesthorn in 1202, which means thorn tree of a man named 'Weorth'.
The village has a small village green, overlooked by the church and Bay Horse public house. Buildings in the village include cottages dating from the 16th and 17th centuries, and housing for millworkers dating from the Industrial Revolution. Relatively high property prices in the village reflect the fact that it is perceived to be a desirable place to live, with low crime and good education.
The history of human habitation in the area goes back to the late stone, bronze and Iron Ages. Earthworks and two prehistoric stone circles are shown on Ordnance Survey maps, one at grid reference SD885327 on the moors to the east of the village; both are in a poor state of repair. A flint dagger 15 cm in length found on the moor is now in Towneley Museum.
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Wrea Green
Coordinates: 53°46′35″N 2°54′51″W / 53.7765°N 2.9143°W / 53.7765; -2.9143
Wrea Green is a village in the Fylde borough of Lancashire, England. It lies about 2 miles west of Kirkham. Along with the village of Ribby, it forms the civil parish Ribby with Wrea.
Wrea Green has approximately 1600 residents,[citation needed] many of whom work at the nearby Warton Aerodrome 2 miles away, where BAE Systems is a major local employer. Uniquely for the Fylde Coast, Wrea Green, as described by its name, surrounds a large common land space at one side of which is a Duck Pond, commonly known as 'The Dub'.
A part of the village of Wrea Green (actually as a separate hamlet) existed before the time of the Domesday Book, with the name of Ricksby.[citation needed] The name was changed along the way to Rigbi. In this guise it was mentioned in Domesday, as was the Neighbouring Hamlet of Wra (which became Wray). The name of the village eventually, through misspellings and a growing population became Ribby with Wray.[citation needed] As there was already a Wray in the county of Lancaster (Lune Valley) the spelling of the village name was changed to Wrea. As the village has the largest village green in the county and to distinguish it further from the other Wray, the name "Wrea Green" was born.
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Wyre
Coordinates: 53°54′00″N 2°48′32″W / 53.900°N 2.809°W / 53.900; -2.809
Wyre is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. Its council is based in Poulton-le-Fylde.
The district is named after the River Wyre, which runs through the district. It was formed on 1 April 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972, and was a merger of the municipal borough of Fleetwood, along with Poulton-le-Fylde, Preesall and Thornton-Cleveleys urban districts and Garstang Rural District.
Elections to Wyre Borough Council take place every four years on the first Thursday in May. All 55 councillors are elected from 26 wards. Since the formation of the council in 1973 it has been under the control of the Conservative Party with the exception of one term from 1995 to 1999 when the Labour Party held control of the council.
Following the most recent election held on 5 May 2011 the composition of the council is as follows:
Wyre is split into three Parliamentary Constituencies - Wyre and Preston North, Lancaster and Fleetwood and Blackpool North and Cleveleys. This was recently changed as part of the Boundary changes for the United Kingdom general election, 2010. Before this change it had been split into three Lancaster and Wyre, Blackpool North and Fleetwood and Fylde.
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Wythenshawe
Coordinates: 53°23′32″N 2°15′50″W / 53.3923°N 2.264°W / 53.3923; -2.264
Wythenshawe ( /ˈwɪðənʃɔː/; pop. 66,000) is a district in the south of the city of Manchester, England.
Historically within Cheshire, in 1931 Wythenshawe was transferred to the City of Manchester, which had begun building a massive housing estate there in the 1920s to resolve the problem of its inner city slums. With an area of approximately 11 square miles (28 km2), Wythenshawe has often been referred to as one of the largest council housing estates in Europe, although a significant proportion of the estate is now privately owned housing.
The district comprises nine areas: Baguley, Benchill, Peel Hall, Newall Green, Woodhouse Park, Moss Nook, Sharston, Northenden and Northern Moor. The boundaries of these areas have changed throughout the district's history, and previously known areas such as Brownley Green and Crossacres have since been assimilated into one of the areas listed above, though many residents still refer to them by name.
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Yarrow Valley Park
Coordinates: 53°37′55″N 2°38′10″W / 53.632°N 2.636°W / 53.632; -2.636
Yarrow Valley Park is a country park in Lancashire, England. It follows the River Yarrow for about 6 miles. It contains much woodland and includes nature reserves, best known being Birkacre and Duxbury Woods. Parts of the park are reclaimed collieries and other old industrial sites.
A visitor's centre is on site, with regular conservation events. Angling is permitted on the two lodges.
The park provides recreation for the nearby town of Chorley and its surrounding villages.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
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Alan Rawsthorne
Alan Rawsthorne (2 May 1905 – 24 July 1971) was a British composer. He was born in Haslingden, Lancashire, and is buried in Thaxted churchyard in Essex.
Alan Rawsthorne was born in Deardengate House, Haslingden, Lancashire, to Hubert Rawsthorne (1868–1943), a well-off medical doctor, and his wife, Janet Bridge (1877/8–1927) (McCabe 2004). Despite what appears to have been a happy and affectionate family life with his parents and elder sister, Barbara (the only sibling), in beautiful Lancashire countryside, as a boy Rawsthorne suffered from fragile health (McCabe 2004; Green 1971). Although he did at various times attend schools in Southport, much of Rawsthorne's early education came through private tuition at home (McCabe 2004). Despite a childhood aptitude for music and literature, Rawsthorne's parents tried to steer him away from his dreams of becoming a professional musician. As a result, he unsuccessfully tried to take on degree courses at Liverpool University, first in dentistry and then architecture. Concerning dentistry, Rawsthorne is on record as having said "I gave that up, thank God, before getting near anyone's mouth", while his friend, Constant Lambert, quipped "Mr Rawsthorne assures me that he has given up the practice of dentistry, even as a hobby" (Anon 2006). In 1925, Rawsthorne was finally able to enrol at the Royal Manchester College of Music, where his teachers included Frank Merrick for the piano and Carl Fuchs for the cello. In 1927, Rawsthorne's mother died aged just forty-nine. After graduating from the Royal Manchester College of Music around 1930, Rawsthorne spent the next couple of years pursuing his piano training with Egon Petri at Zakopane in Poland, and then briefly also in Berlin (McCabe 2004).
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Andrew Flintoff
Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff MBE (born 6 December 1977) is a broadcaster and former English cricketer who played for Lancashire County Cricket Club, England and the Indian Premier League team Chennai Super Kings. A tall (6' 4") fast bowler, batsman and slip fielder, Flintoff according to the ICC rankings was consistently rated amongst the top international allrounders in both ODI and Test cricket. His nickname "Freddie" or "Fred" comes from the similarity between his surname and that of Fred Flintstone[citation needed].
From his debut in 1998, Flintoff became an integral player for England, and has both captained and vice-captained the team. However, he suffered regular injuries throughout his international career, often due to his heavy frame and bowling action. During the period 2007–09 he played in only 13 of England's 36 Test matches, but nevertheless remained a core member of the England squad, being selected whenever available. On 15 July 2009 he announced his retirement from Test cricket at the conclusion of the 2009 Ashes series, on 24 August, but made himself available for future commitments in One Day International and Twenty20 International matches.
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Andrew Stephenson
Andrew Stephenson (born 17 February 1981) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Pendle in Lancashire since the 2010 general election. Formerly a borough councillor in Macclesfield, he worked as an insurance broker before becoming an MP.
Stephenson was born in 1981 in Manchester. He was educated at Poynton High School, a state-funded school, before going on to study at Royal Holloway College, University of London, where he graduated with a degree in Management Studies in 2002.
Stephenson became an active member of the Conservative Party at the age of 16. He served two terms on the National Executive of Conservative Future and was the organisation's National Deputy Chairman from 2001 to 2002. He was also the Chairman of the Conservative Future Society at Royal Holloway, University of London, from 1999 to 2001.
Stephenson became a Councillor in 2003 at the age of 23, and was one of the first council "Youth Champions" in the country.
Prior to being elected to Parliament, Stephenson worked as a self-employed insurance broker, running a small business in Greater Manchester. He was a councillor on Macclesfield Borough Council between 2003 and 2007.
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Billy Fury
Billy Fury (17 April 1940 - 28 January 1983), born Ronald Wycherley, was an internationally successful English singer from the late-1950s to the mid-1960s, and remained an active songwriter until the 1980s. Rheumatic fever, which he first contracted as a child, damaged his heart and ultimately contributed to his death. An early British rock and roll (and film) star, he equalled The Beatles' record of 24 hits in the 1960s, and spent 332 weeks on the UK charts, without a chart-topping single or album.Allmusic journalist, Bruce Eder, stated, "His mix of rough-hewn good looks and unassuming masculinity, coupled with an underlying vulnerability, all presented with a good voice and some serious musical talent, helped turn Fury into a major rock and roll star in short order". Others have suggested that Fury's rapid rise to prominence was due to his "Elvis Presley-influenced, hip-swivelling, and at times highly suggestive stage act."
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Billy Riley
Billy Riley was a practitioner and teacher of Catch Wrestling. As a trainer in the sport, Riley taught some of the leading post-World War II figures in Catch Wrestling at his gymnasium, nicknamed "The Snake Pit" in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England.
During his days as a moulder in the Lancashire mining town of Wigan, Billy Riley trained with the miners in the art of Lancashire catch-as-catch-can wrestling, one of the roughest and most loved sports of the region.
The tough Wigan native soon began showing extraordinary submission skills. Riley was known to be a devastating "hooker" and it showed in his wrestling matches as he soon gained notoriety for breaking his opponent's arms. During the 1920s Riley travelled to Africa to capture a British Empire championship from Jack Robinson.
Billy Riley decided to teach catch wrestling in Wigan. He bought a small plot of land in the 1950s on Pike Street in the town and with the help of his students, built a gymnasium on the land. Billy Riley's gym became known as the Snake Pit.
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Brian Epstein
Brian Samuel Epstein ( /ˈɛpstaɪn/; 19 September 1934 – 27 August 1967), was an English music entrepreneur; best known for being the manager of The Beatles, until his death. He also managed many other musical artists, such as Gerry & the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and The Dakotas, Cilla Black, The Remo Four, and The Cyrkle. His management company was named NEMS Enterprises after his family's music stores, also called NEMS (North End Music Stores).
Epstein paid for The Beatles to record a demonstration tape in Decca's London studios, which resulted in Decca declining to sign the group to a contract. After approaching nearly all all the major recording companies and recording producers in London and being rejected, Epstein managed to secure an EMI recording contract under threat of withdrawing the sale of EMI's records at his NEMS music stores. NEMS was one of the biggest musical retail outlets in the North of England. Record producer George Martin offered a contract on behalf of EMI's small Parlophone label, only when informed of the economic threat to EMI by Epstein.
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British Asian
British Asian is a term used to describe British citizens who descended from mainly South Asia, also known as South Asians in the United Kingdom. In British English, the term 'Asian' usually excludes East Asians (see East Asians in the United Kingdom).
Prior to the formation of the United Kingdom, immigration of South Asian people to England began with the arrival of the East India Company to the Indian subcontinent. This continued during the British Raj and increased in volume after the independence of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka from British rule, chiefly for education and economic pursuits. A major influx of South Asian immigrants, mostly of Indian and Pakistani origin, also took place following the expulsion of Indian communities (then holders of British passports) from Uganda and other East African nations (see African migration to the United Kingdom).
In British English, the word "Asian" is often used to refer to those of South Asian origin, particularly Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. Clarifying the Definition of Asian. 2005. 1 October 2006. The term generally excludes people of East Asian (such as Chinese, Korean or Japanese) or Southeast Asian origin; they are more likely to be defined by their country of origin, or may instead be grouped under the umbrella term "oriental". This is reflected in the "ethnic group" section of UK census forms and other government paperwork, which treat "Asian" and "Chinese" as separate. This usage contrasts with olga American English, Canadian English, New Zealand English and Australian English, in which "Asian" refers mainly to people with East Asian ancestry.
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Cilla Black
Cilla Black OBE (born Priscilla Maria Veronica White, 27 May 1943) is an English singer, actress, entertainer and media personality, who has been consistently popular as a light entertainment figure since 1963. She is most famous for her singles "Anyone Who Had A Heart", "You're My World", and "Alfie". After a successful recording career and a brief time as a comedy actress, she became the highest-paid female presenter in British television history. In May 2010, new research published by BBC Radio 2 claimed that Cilla Black's version of Anyone Who Had a Heart was the UK's biggest selling single by a female artist in the 1960s.. In 2013, Cilla Black celebrates 50 years in show business, as a prelude to this landmark anniversary EMI (the record label which launched her career in 1963) release on 23 April 2012 Completely Cilla: 1963-1973 - a 5CD set containing 139 recordings (all produced by George Martin) and a bonus DVD of rare BBC TV music performances .
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Davey Boy Smith
David "Davey" Boy Smith (November 27, 1962 – May 18, 2002) was a British professional wrestler, also known as (The) British Bulldog, who was born in Golborne in North West England, United Kingdom. Smith is known for his appearances with Stampede Wrestling, the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Described by WWE (previously the WWF) as "one of the most physically impressive individuals in WWE history", Smith found success as both a singles and tag competitor, holding every major title in the organization except the WWF Championship. Smith competed in multiple pay-per-view main events in the WWF and WCW, and challenged for the top titles of both promotions.
Smith was trained by Ted Betley in Winwick, England before relocating to Calgary, Alberta, Canada to further his training under Stu Hart. While training with Hart, Smith met Stu and Helen Hart's youngest daughter Diana, whom he married in 1984. They had two children, Harry (born on August 2, 1985) and Georgia (born on September 26, 1987). He and Diana were divorced in 2000.
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Eric Ollerenshaw
Eric Ollerenshaw OBE (born 26 March 1950) is a British Conservative politician and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lancaster and Fleetwood.
He was born and grew up in Lancashire and was educated at the London School of Economics where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Economics in 1971. He has previously been an elected member of the London Assembly and head of the Cities and Diversity section of the Conservative Party at Conservative Campaign Headquarters.
Before moving into politics, Ollerenshaw was a full time teacher of History. He taught in three comprehensive schools - two of which were social priority schools - and in 1986 gained his first elected position on the Inner London Education Authority. After rising to lead the Conservative group on the Authority in 1988, he worked with the Government and the Boroughs to abolish the Authority in 1990.[citation needed]
In 1990, he was awarded his OBE for Public and Political Service. The same year he was elected to the London Borough of Hackney representing Springfield as one of its three Conservative councillors. In 1992 he stood as the Conservative Parliamentary Candidate in Heywood and Middleton.[citation needed]
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Ewan MacColl
Ewan MacColl (25 January 1915 – 22 October 1989) was a British folk singer, songwriter, socialist, actor, poet, playwright, and record producer. He was married to theatre director Joan Littlewood, and later to American folksinger Peggy Seeger. He collaborated with Littlewood in the theatre and with Seeger in folk music. He was the father of the late singer/songwriter Kirsty MacColl. Ewan sang Sacred Harp with Calum MacColl and Mike Seeger.
MacColl was born as James Henry Miller in Broughton, Salford, Lancashire to Scottish parents, William Miller and Betsy Miller née Hendry. Both of his parents were socialists and William Miller was an iron-moulder and militant trade unionist who had moved to Salford with his wife to look for work after being blacklisted in almost every foundry in Scotland. They lived amongst a group of émigré Scots and Jimmy, their only surviving child of four, was brought up in an atmosphere of fierce political debate interspersed with the large repertoire of songs and stories his parents had brought from Scotland. He left school in 1930 during the Great Depression and, joining the ranks of the unemployed, began a life-long programme of self education whilst keeping warm in the Manchester Public Library.
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Flemish people
Today, the Flemings or Flemish (Dutch: “de Vlamingen”; French: “les Flamands”) refers to the Dutch-speaking inhabitants of Belgium, where they are mostly found in the northern region of Flanders. They are one of two principal cultural-linguistic groups in Belgium, the other being the French-speaking Walloons. The Flemings make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, “the Flemings” also refers to the inhabitants of the ancient county of Flanders, including the French-speaking or Picard-speaking Flemings of the regions around Tournai (today in Wallonia), Lille and Douai (today in French Flanders), who were called “les Flamands wallons” (the Romance Flemings).
The feel of 'Flemish' being a national identity increased heavily, shortly after the Belgian Revolution. Prior to this, the term 'Flemings' in the Dutch language was in first place used for the inhabitants of the former County of Flanders. Flemish however had been used since the 14th century to describe the language of both the peoples of Flanders and the Duchy of Brabant. Italians started in 15th century to describe both peoples as 'Fiamingi', the English and the French followed in the 16th. The sentiments of having somehow a common identity, despite belonging to different states (most notably the share of a common language, the deeply felt need to 'act as one' against any foreign state) existed already in the Middle Ages. An example is the 'Flemish-Brabant Co-operation Treaty' (Vlaams-Brabants samenwerkingsverdag) from 3/12/1339 imposed by the main cities of both states upon their rulers. It must noted that the modern Belgian province of Limburg -nowadays Flemish- was not part of this.
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Frankie Vaughan
Frankie Vaughan, CBE, DL (3 February 1928 – 17 September 1999) was an English singer of traditional pop music, who issued more than 80 singles in his lifetime. He was known as "Mr. Moonlight" after one of his early hits.
He was born Frank Abelson to a Jewish family in Devon Street, Liverpool, England. The name 'Vaughan' came from a grandmother whose first grandson he was, who used to call Frank 'my number one' grandson, in whose Russian accent 'one' sounded like 'Vaughan'.
In his early life, he was a member of the Lancaster Lads Club, a member group of the National Association of Boys' Clubs in the UK, and in his career he was a major contributor to the clubs, dedicating his monetary compensation from one song each year to them. He was an evacuee during World War II. He started out at the club intending to be a boxer. Then at age 14 he received a scholarship to the Lancaster College of Art, where he sang in the dance band. After a stint in the Royal Army Medical Corps in World War II (where he spent most of his time boxing) he returned to art school, this time at the Leeds College of Art.
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Gordon Birtwistle
Gordon Birtwistle (born 6 September 1943) is a British Liberal Democrat politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the constituency of Burnley, England, from May 2010. He serves as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Danny Alexander, Chief Secretary to the Treasury. Birtwistle took Burnley from Labour for the Liberal Democrats in the 2010 General Election, with a 12% swing and 1,818 majority.
Birtwistle started as a craft engineering apprentice in 1958 with Howard & Bullough who were textile machinery manufacturers in Accrington. He studied engineering at Accrington College on one day release and two nights a week and achieved two higher nationals, one in mechanical engineering and one in production engineering.
At the age of 21 he became a jig and tool draftsman with the same company and stayed there until 1968 when he went to work for Lucas Aerospace in Burnley as a machine shop methods engineer. He stayed there until aged 30 when he became a technical representative for Osborne Mushet Tools in Sheffield, who were manufacturers of metal cutting tools.
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Gordon Marsden
Gordon Marsden (born 28 November 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackpool South since 1997.
Marsden was educated at Stockport Grammar School, an independent school in the city of Stockport in Cheshire, followed by New College, Oxford where he attained a first-class degree in Modern History. He then went on to postgraduate studies at the Warburg Institute (part of the University of London) and Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, being a Kennedy Scholar in Politics and International Relations.
Before entering Parliament he had been a tutor for the Open University since 1994, as well as a public affairs adviser to English Heritage and, for twelve years, the editor of History Today and New Socialist magazine.
Marsden first contested the seat of Blackpool South in 1992 and won it in 1997. Once elected to Parliament, Gordon served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Lord Irvine of Lairg in the Lord Chancellor's Department (2001-3), Tessa Jowell as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport (2003-5) and John Denham as Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government and shadow communities secretary (2009-).
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Greg Pope
Gregory James Pope (born 29 August 1960) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hyndburn from 1992 until retiring at the 2010 general election. He was a government whip from 1997 until 2001.
He went to St Marys College R.C. Grammar School on Shear Brow in Blackburn, now St Mary's Sixth Form College, Blackburn. He studied Politics at the University of Hull, graduating in 1981.
Considered a Blairite, Pope is a signatory of the Henry Jackson Society. He was a member of the backbench committee on Northern Ireland from 1997-2001.
In April 2000 as a whip, Pope inadvertently approved a Liberal Democrat clause in the government's utilities bill, committing the government to meet 10% of electricity requirements from green sources by 2010. Pope said: "We were doing a series of government amendments. I realised I'd shouted aye too many times. I'm not overjoyed about it." The error led the government to instruct its MPs to vote against the clause.
In July 2003, Pope admitted leaking confidential Foreign Affairs Select Committee evidence to The Guardian newspaper chief political correspondent Patrick Wintour. The move was described as an attempt to "bounce" MPs on the committee into clearing Alastair Campbell of "sexing up" the so-called Dodgy Dossier of evidence into the threat posed by Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.
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Harry Boardman
Harry Boardman (1930–1987) was a folk singer who was born in Failsworth, Lancashire.
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Jack Straw
John Whitaker "Jack" Straw (born 3 August 1946) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackburn since 1979. He served as Home Secretary from 1997 to 2001, Foreign Secretary from 2001 to 2006 and Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons from 2006 to 2007 under Tony Blair. From 2007 to 2010 he was the Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain and the Secretary of State for Justice, appointed as part of Prime Minister Gordon Brown's first Cabinet. Straw is one of only three people to have served in Cabinet continuously from 1997 to 2010 (the others being Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling).
When the Labour Party lost power in May 2010, he briefly became the Shadow Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, Shadow Secretary of State for Justice and the Shadow Deputy Prime Minister, but stood down from the frontbench after the Labour Party elected a new Shadow Cabinet.
Straw was born in Buckhurst Hill, Essex, England. One of his maternal great-grandparents was a Jewish German immigrant. Straw was brought up at Loughton, Essex by his mother, Joan Sylvia Gilbey on a council estate after his father Walter Arthur Whitaker Straw, an insurance salesman, left the family and condemned them to poverty. Walter Straw had been sent to prison in 1939 for being a conscientious objector.
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Jake Berry
James Jacob Gilchrist (Jake) Berry (born 29 December 1978) is a British Conservative Party politician. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rossendale and Darwen, having won the seat at the 2010 UK General Election when he beat Labour Party MP Janet Anderson by a majority of 4,000 votes.
Berry was born in Liverpool and educated at Liverpool College, Sheffield University and studied Law at Chester College subsequently becoming a solicitor with Halliwells LLP, a law firm in Manchester. Berry is a solicitor for commercial property. He now lives with his wife Charlotte in Helmshore.
Berry was elected in the 2010 General Election as MP for Rossendale and Darwen. He won against incumbent MP Janet Anderson, who held the position for eighteen years, in an 8.9% swing to the Conservatives. Berry overturned a Labour majority of 3,616 to win by 4,493 votes.
In 2010 he was appointed as the Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Grant Shapps, the Minister for Housing and Local Government at the Department of Communities and Local Government.
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Leslie Stuart
Leslie Stuart (15 March 1863 – 27 March 1928) was an English composer of Edwardian musical comedy, best known for the hit show Florodora (1899) and many popular songs.
He began in Manchester as a church organist, for 14 years, and taught music while beginning to compose church music and secular songs in the late 1870s. In the 1880s, he began to promote and conduct orchestral and vocal concerts of popular and theatre music as "Mr. T. A. Barrett's Concerts". He began to focus his composition on music hall, including songs for blackface performers, such as "Lily of Laguna"; songs for musical theatre, such as pantomimes and London shows touring through Manchester; and ballads such as "Soldiers of the King". Stuart later campaigned against the interpolation of new songs into musical theatre scores and for better enforcement of musical copyrights.
In 1895, Stuart began to write songs for George Edwardes's London shows at the Gaiety Theatre and Daly's Theatre. His first full musical comedy score was Florodora in 1899. The show became an international hit, and its song "Tell me, pretty maiden", became a vaudeville standard. Other musical comedy successes followed, including The School Girl (1903), The Belle of Mayfair (1906) and Havana (1908). Of his later shows, only Peggy made much of an impact. By 1911, Stuart's gambling debts sent him into bankruptcy. Unable to adapt to changing musical tastes, he was no longer in demand as a composer, although he had some success as a piano sketch artist in variety theatre.
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Lindsay Hoyle
Lindsay Harvey Hoyle (born 10 June 1957) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Chorley since 1997. He is the son of Lord Hoyle, a former Labour MP for Warrington North.
He was elected as Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons in a secret ballot on 8 June 2010. He is Chairman of the all Party British Gibraltar Group in Parliament, and a member of the All Party Parliamentary Flag Group.
Hoyle went to Anderton County Primary School, and the independent Lord's College, Bolton. He went to Horwich FE College.
He was the first Labour politician to represent Chorley at Westminster in 18 years. Previous to Parliament Lindsay Hoyle was a member of Chorley Borough Council; being elected in 1980 at the age of 22, Lindsay was the youngest councillor ever to serve in Chorley and one of the youngest nationwide. Lindsay also held the post of Deputy Leader from 1994 to 1997 and finished his time on the council as Mayor from 1997 to 1998.
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Lita Roza
Lita Roza (14 March 1926 – 14 August 2008) was a British singer. Her 1953 number one hit record "(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?" afforded Roza the privilege of being the first British female singer to top the UK Singles Chart, and the first Liverpudlian to do so.
Born Lilian Patricia Lita Roza in Liverpool, Lancashire, England, UK, she was the eldest of seven children. and began work at an early age to support the family. She owed her sultry looks and Latin passion, to her Spanish father, an amateur accordionist who also played piano in several Liverpool nightclubs.
At the age of 12 she saw an advertisement in the local newspapers for juvenile dancers and passed the audition. She took to the stage at that age in a pantomime and by the time she was 15 was working with fellow Merseysider comedian, Ted Ray.
By 16 (at the height of the Nazi Blitz-bombing raids on Liverpool) she answered another advert, when she managed to secure a job as a singer in the "New Yorker" - a Southport, Lancashire club. She got that job at £5 a week, then shortly afterwards signed up with the Harry Roy Orchestra in London. She moved on from this to work with other bands of the era including that of Edmundo Ros.
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Lorraine Fullbrook
Lorraine Fullbrook (born 28 July 1959) is the Conservative MP for South Ribble, first elected in 2010.
Mrs Fullbrook was formerly the Conservative Leader of Hart Council in Hampshire, stepping down in 2004 after being selecting as parliamentary candidate for the South Ribble constituency in north-west England. She contested the seat at the 2005 General Election, when she came second to the incumbent MP, David Borrow. She contested the seat again in the 2010 General Election when she defeated David Borrow with an 8.1% swing from the Labour Party to the Conservative Party, and regained the seat for the Conservative Party after 13 years.
In the 2010 election, her personal campaign was the most expensive in the country. Between January 1 and polling day, her campaign cost £41,700. Campaign costs are not passed on to the taxpayer but are incurred by the local party and are raised by holding coffee mornings, dinners or selling raffle tickets. [7]
[7]http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/excel_doc/0008/107000/qry_Candidate_Returns_publication_detailed_FINAL-20101208.xls
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Mark Hendrick
Mark Phillip Hendrick (born 2 November 1958) is a British Labour Co-operative politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Preston since winning a by-election in 2000.
Hendrick, who is half Somali, was born in Salford, Lancashire. He was educated at Salford Grammar School and Liverpool Polytechnic (now Liverpool John Moores University), where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. He later attended the University of Manchester, where he obtained a Master of Science degree in Computer Science. Hendrick trained as a student engineer with the Ministry of Defence in 1979 at the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, Malvern, Worcs. He later studied German at a Volkshochschule Hanau in Germany in 1981, where he trained as a student engineer with AEG Telefunken. He was appointed as an Higher Professional and Technology engineer with the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC), Daresbury Laboratory from 1982 and stayed with the SERC for six years. In 1990 he joined Stockport College of Further and Higher Education where he worked as a Lecturer in Digital Electronics and Software Design. He was later awarded the University of Manchester Certificate in Education in 1992. He taught in Stockport until his election to the European Parliament in June 1994
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Mark Menzies
Mark Andrew Menzies (18 May 1971) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Fylde in Lancashire since 2010. He is Parliamentary Private Secretary to Charles Hendry MP, Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change and a former member of the Scottish Affairs Select Committee. His main political priorities include UK energy security, changing the planning system to empower local communities and limit inappropriate development and ensuring a vibrant future for the defence industry within the UK. He lives in St Annes.
Menzies grew up in Ardrossan on the Ayrshire coast, raised by his mother after his Merchant Navy father died a month before he was born. With Mark’s mother working shifts at the local ICI factory to support them, he attended a local primary school before benefiting from the assisted places scheme at a nearby independent secondary. He graduated from the University of Glasgow, where he was President of the Conservative Association, in 1994 with an honours degree in economic and social history. Menzies' professional career was spent in the retail sector. He joined Marks & Spencer as a graduate trainee in 1994 and has since worked in marketing for two large UK supermarkets. In 2007, he was the recipient of the IGD/Unilever Social Innovation Marketing award.
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Mike Harding
Mike Harding (born 23 October 1944, Crumpsall, Manchester, Lancashire) is an English singer, songwriter, comedian, author, poet and broadcaster. He is known as 'The Rochdale Cowboy' after one of his hit records. In addition, at various times of his life, Harding has been a stand-up comic, photographer, traveller, filmmaker, playwright and musician.
Harding's father, Louis Arthur "Curly" Harding, was a navigator in the RAF. who was killed during World War II, a few weeks before his son's birth. Harding is of Irish descent on his mother's side.
He was educated at St Anne's, Crumpsall, and St Bede's, Manchester. After a varied career as a road digger, dustbin man, schoolteacher, steel erector, bus conductor, boiler scaler and chemical factory worker, he took a degree in English and Education at the University of Manchester.
Harding began performing as a folk singer and as a member of several local Manchester bands in the 1960s, making his first recordings for the Topic label. He began telling jokes between songs, eventually extending them into longer humorous anecdotes which became the main focus of his act. He released his first album, A Lancashire Lad, in 1972, followed by Mrs 'Ardin's Kid in 1974. In 1975, the single release of "The Rochdale Cowboy", reached number 22 in the UK Singles Chart, brought him national attention.
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Nigel Evans
Nigel Martin Evans (born 10 November 1957) is a British politician. Since 1992 he has been Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the Ribble Valley constituency. Since 2010 he has been First Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means, a deputy speaker.
Evans was born on 10 November 1957 in Swansea. He was educated locally at the Dynevor School, and at Swansea University, where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in politics in 1979. He was involved in the management of his family's newsagents and convenience store in Swansea.
In 1985, Evans was elected as a councillor to the West Glamorgan County Council. In 1990 he became the deputy Conservative group leader, before standing down as a councillor in 1991.
He contested Swansea West at the 1987 general election but was defeated by former minister Alan Williams by 7,062 votes. He was selected to contest the Pontypridd by-election, 1989 following the death of Brynmor John. He was defeated by Kim Howells in Pontypridd by 10,794 votes. He fought his third election in one parliament when he was selected to contest the very safe Conservative seat of Ribble Valley in the by-election caused by the resignation of David Waddington to become the Leader of the House of Lords in 1990, but was again defeated at the Ribble Valley by-election on 7 March 1991 when Mike Carr gained the seat for the Liberal Democrats by 4,601 votes.
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Paul Maynard
Paul Christopher Maynard (born 16 December 1975) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected at the 2010 general election as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Blackpool North and Cleveleys.
Born in Cheshire, Maynard was left with cerebral palsy when he was strangled by the umbilical cord at birth, and he was also left with a speech defect. He attended a special school between the ages of three and five before transferring to a local primary school. He attended St. Ambrose College, in Altrincham, and obtained a First Class History degree at Oxford.
Maynard was a lay reader at his local church and was also a governor at his local Catholic primary school.
Maynard worked as an adviser to Liam Fox and as a speechwriter for William Hague, and stood as the Conservative Party candidate for Twickenham in the 2005 general election, finishing second with 32.4% of the vote.
Maynard was selected for Blackpool North and Cleveleys in December 2006, having been on the "A-List". Maynard was elected to the House of Commons in the 2010 general election with a majority of 2,150. He is the second person who has cerebral palsy to become a British MP after Terry Dicks.
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Rosie Cooper
Rosemary Elizabeth Cooper (born 5 September 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for West Lancashire since 2005.
Cooper was born in Liverpool, the daughter of deaf parents. She was educated locally, initially at St Oswald's Roman Catholic Primary School and at Bellerive Convent Grammar School (now known as Bellerive FCJ High School on Ullet Road (A5089) in Dingle, Liverpool. She then attended the University of Liverpool.
Cooper originally worked for a company called W. Cooper Ltd 1973-1980 before joining Littlewoods initially as a buyer, when in 1994 she became the public relations manager and then, in 1995, the group corporate communications manager. She became a project coordinator in 1999 before she left Littlewoods in 2001, when she was appointed director at the Merseyside Centre for the Deaf.
Cooper was elected, aged 22, to the Liverpool City Council as a Liberal councillor in 1973, and in 1992 became the Lord Mayor of Liverpool; she stood down from the city council in 2000.
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Roy Harper
Roy Harper (born 12 June 1941) is an English folk/rock singer-songwriter and guitarist who has been a professional musician since 1964. He has released a large catalogue of albums (21 studio albums and 10 live albums) most of which are available on his record label Science Friction (as CD and / or Music download).
Musically, American blues musician Leadbelly and folk singer Woody Guthrie were his earliest influences, and whilst in his teens, jazz musician Miles Davis. Harper was also exposed to classical music in his childhood and has pointed to the influence of Jean Sibelius' Karelia Suite. Lyrical influences include the 19th century Romantics (especially Percy Shelley), and John Keats poem Endymion. Harper has also cited the Beat poets as being highly influential, particularly Jack Kerouac. As a musician, Harper is known for his distinctive fingerstyle playing and lengthy, lyrical, complex compositions, a result of his love of jazz and Keats.
His influence has been acknowledged by many musicians including Jimmy Page and Robert Plant of Led Zeppelin (who named the song "Hats Off to (Roy) Harper" after him), Pete Townshend of The Who, Kate Bush, Pink Floyd (who invited him to sing guest lead vocals on their song "Have a Cigar"), and Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull; who stated Harper was his "...primary influence as an acoustic guitarist and songwriter."
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Sajid Mahmood
Sajid "Saj" Iqbal Mahmood (Urdu: ساجد اقبال محمود, Sājid Iqbāl Maḥmūd; born 21 December 1981 in Bolton, Greater Manchester) is an English cricketer of Pakistani descent. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler who plays international cricket for England and county cricket for Lancashire.
Sajid Mahmood's grandfather, Llal Khan, emigrated from Rawalpindi in Pakistan to England with his family in 1968. The family settled in Halliwell, a residential area of Bolton. Sajid Mahmood was born on 21 December 1981, the son of Shahid Mahmood, and grew up with his family. He has a sister and two brothers and is first cousin to boxer Amir Khan. Khan is five years younger than Mahmood and the two cousins stay close, having grown up living near to each other.
Mahmood began playing club cricket in the Bolton Leagues, and played well enough to be signed by Lancashire in 2002. He made his debut for Lancashire in 2002 whilst on a scholarship with the club.
He won the NBC Denis Compton Award in 2003; in the same year, he inadvertently broke the hands of Lancashire team-mate Andrew Flintoff and England A team-mate Alex Gidman, an early indicator of his pace. In September 2003, Mahmood was one of England 14 cricketers selected to train with the England Cricket Board's National Academy during the winter.
wn.com/Sajid_Mahmood -
Stonyhurst College
Stonyhurst College is a coeducational Roman Catholic independent school, adhering to the Jesuit tradition. It is located on the Stonyhurst Estate near the village of Hurst Green in the Ribble Valley area of Lancashire, England, and occupies a Grade I listed building. The school has been fully co-educational since 1999.
The college was founded in 1593 by Father Robert Persons SJ at St Omer, at a time when penal laws prohibited Catholic education in England. After moving to Bruges in 1762 and Liège in 1773, the college moved to England and located at Stonyhurst Hall in 1794. Today it provides boarding and day education to approximately 450 boys and girls aged 13–18. On an adjacent site, its preparatory school, St Mary's Hall, provides education for boys and girls aged 3–13.
Under the motto Quant Je Puis, "All that I can", the school combines an academic curriculum with extra-curricular pursuits. Roman Catholicism plays a central role in college life, with emphasis on both prayer and service, according to the Jesuit philosophy of creating "Men and Women for Others".
wn.com/Stonyhurst_College -
Thomas Beecham
Sir Thomas Beecham, 2nd Baronet, CH (29 April 1879 – 8 March 1961) was an English conductor and impresario best known for his association with the London Philharmonic and the Royal Philharmonic orchestras. He was also closely associated with the Liverpool Philharmonic and Hallé orchestras. From the early 20th century until his death, Beecham was a major influence on the musical life of Britain and, according to the BBC, was Britain's first international conductor.
Born to a rich industrial family, Beecham began his career as a conductor in 1899. He used his access to the family fortune to finance opera from the 1910s until the start of the Second World War, staging seasons at Covent Garden, Drury Lane and His Majesty's Theatre with international stars, his own orchestra and a wide repertoire. Among the works he introduced to England were Richard Strauss's Elektra, Salome and Der Rosenkavalier and three operas by Frederick Delius.
Together with his younger colleague Malcolm Sargent, Beecham founded the London Philharmonic, and he conducted its first performance at the Queen's Hall in 1932. In the 1940s, he worked for three years in the United States, where he was music director of the Seattle Symphony and conducted at the Metropolitan Opera. After his return to Britain, he founded the Royal Philharmonic in 1946 and conducted it until his death in 1961.
wn.com/Thomas_Beecham -
Wade Barrett
Stuart Alexander "Stu" Bennett (born August 10, 1980) is an English professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE where he performs on its SmackDown brand under the ring name Wade Barrett. He won the first season of NXT in 2010 and made his Raw debut in June of that year, rising to prominence as the leader of the Nexus, a villainous stable composed of the NXT contestants. Barrett headlined five WWE pay-per-view events during the remainder of 2010, challenging for the WWE Championship in three of those.
After moving to SmackDown in January 2011, Barrett formed a new stable known as The Corre, which included former Nexus members. He challenged for the World Heavyweight Championship at the 2011 WWE Elimination Chamber and won his first singles championship, the WWE Intercontinental Championship, in March. Prior to his WWE debut, Barrett competed in various independent promotions under his own name, and the ring names of Stu Sanders and Lawrence Knight.
Bennett was born in Penwortham and lived in Preston, Lancashire until the age of six, when he moved to Wales with his family. He has an older brother named Martin. As a child, Bennett was a fan of "The British Bulldog" Davey Boy Smith. Before becoming a professional wrestler, Bennett was a bareknuckle boxer while living in Liverpool. Bennett has a degree in marine biology from University of Liverpool. He worked in a science laboratory and later as a Recruitment Consultant at Venn Group's London Office, whilst training to become a wrestler.
wn.com/Wade_Barrett -
William Walton
Sir William Turner Walton OM (29 March 1902 – 8 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include Façade, the cantata Belshazzar's Feast, the Viola Concerto, and the First Symphony.
Born in Lancashire, the son of a musician, Walton was a chorister and then an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford. On leaving the university, he was taken up by the literary Sitwell siblings, who provided him with a home and a cultural education. His earliest work of note was a collaboration with Edith Sitwell, Façade, which at first brought him notoriety as a modernist, but later became a popular ballet score.
In middle age, Walton left Britain and set up home with his young wife on the Italian island of Ischia. By this time, he had ceased to be regarded as a modernist, and some of his compositions of the 1950s were criticised as old-fashioned. His only full-length opera, Troilus and Cressida, was among the works to be so labelled and has made little impact in opera houses. In his last years, his works came back into critical fashion; his later compositions, dismissed by critics at the time of their premieres, were revalued and regarded alongside his earlier works.
wn.com/William_Walton
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Lancashire police arrest amateur photographer UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:14
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Bob Patefield used his video camera to record the moment police stopped him from taking photographs of Accrington town centre. He shows how the police claims he was engaging in anti-social behaviour led to his arrest.........bob was arested under section 2 of the violent crime reduction act 2006...this section is used to enforce the law on drinking in prohibited area's and anti social drinking behavior in general which as I'm sure you'll agree had nothing to do with any of his activity and is clearly a breach of his rights as an individual.....don't believe me??? here's the act...:- www.opsi.gov.uk enpower yourself please watch theantiterrorist "dealing with the police " the links are below part 1:-www.youtube.com part2:-www.youtube.com part 3:-www.youtube.com thank you for watching
http://wn.com/Lancashire_police_arrest_amateur_photographer_UK
Bob Patefield used his video camera to record the moment police stopped him from taking photographs of Accrington town centre. He shows how the police claims he was engaging in anti-social behaviour led to his arrest.........bob was arested under section 2 of the violent crime reduction act 2006...this section is used to enforce the law on drinking in prohibited area's and anti social drinking behavior in general which as I'm sure you'll agree had nothing to do with any of his activity and is clearly a breach of his rights as an individual.....don't believe me??? here's the act...:- www.opsi.gov.uk enpower yourself please watch theantiterrorist "dealing with the police " the links are below part 1:-www.youtube.com part2:-www.youtube.com part 3:-www.youtube.com thank you for watching
Visit Lancashire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 11 Oct 2012
See the variety of things to do and places to see for a short break in Lancashire. From Britain's favourite seaside resort to the 300 square mile Forest of Bowland Area of outstanding beauty, the tourist destinations within Lancashire and Blackpool have everything you need for a day out or a longer stay. For more information, see www.visitlancashire.com
http://wn.com/Visit_Lancashire
See the variety of things to do and places to see for a short break in Lancashire. From Britain's favourite seaside resort to the 300 square mile Forest of Bowland Area of outstanding beauty, the tourist destinations within Lancashire and Blackpool have everything you need for a day out or a longer stay. For more information, see www.visitlancashire.com
- published: 04 Mar 2009
- views: 6217
- author: Visit Lancashire
The Lancashire Hotpots - The Beer Olympics (2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Taken from the CD 'A Hard Days Pint' available from www.aharddayspint.co.uk The video for the single - The Beer Olympics by The Lancashire Hotpots. The single is out now (with two bonus tracks) and is available to download from the following online stores Townsend Music: cart.tmstor.es Amazon: www.amazon.co.uk LYRICS ------------ Now the Olympics come to these fair isles in 2012 But just how can we ensure that we take gold? But then I had a thought Make drinking beer an Olympic sport And now let my masterplan unfold (because) I wanna put drinking beer in the Olympics We'd all be world class athletes you and me We'll drink till we're unstable And be top of the medal table I'm going to the bar for Team GB Well, I could drink 10 pints sat in me vest Trying to break me personal best There'd even be medals for queuing at the KFC From now on going out on the lash Will all be funded by lottery cash So I'm going to the bar for Team GB So getting bladdered now becomes intensive training I'm exercising at the pub week in week out And I've got, on a retainer, Johnny Vegas as me personal trainer And we're drinking bitter, lager, cider ale and stout!! I wanna put drinking beer in the Olympics We'd all be world class athletes you and me We'll drink till we're unstable And be top of the medal table I'm going to the bar for Team GB Well, I could drink 10 pints sat in me vest Trying to break me personal best There'd even be medals for queuing at the ...
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_The_Beer_Olympics_2012
www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Taken from the CD 'A Hard Days Pint' available from www.aharddayspint.co.uk The video for the single - The Beer Olympics by The Lancashire Hotpots. The single is out now (with two bonus tracks) and is available to download from the following online stores Townsend Music: cart.tmstor.es Amazon: www.amazon.co.uk LYRICS ------------ Now the Olympics come to these fair isles in 2012 But just how can we ensure that we take gold? But then I had a thought Make drinking beer an Olympic sport And now let my masterplan unfold (because) I wanna put drinking beer in the Olympics We'd all be world class athletes you and me We'll drink till we're unstable And be top of the medal table I'm going to the bar for Team GB Well, I could drink 10 pints sat in me vest Trying to break me personal best There'd even be medals for queuing at the KFC From now on going out on the lash Will all be funded by lottery cash So I'm going to the bar for Team GB So getting bladdered now becomes intensive training I'm exercising at the pub week in week out And I've got, on a retainer, Johnny Vegas as me personal trainer And we're drinking bitter, lager, cider ale and stout!! I wanna put drinking beer in the Olympics We'd all be world class athletes you and me We'll drink till we're unstable And be top of the medal table I'm going to the bar for Team GB Well, I could drink 10 pints sat in me vest Trying to break me personal best There'd even be medals for queuing at the ...
- published: 29 Jun 2012
- views: 17632
- author: diffusiononline
Lancashire Textiles: Last Mill Standing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Lancashire, UK used to supply 40% of the world's cotton fabric. Today, Joe McBride is trying to keep his textile mill alive despite a changed horizon. Read the full Etsy blog post. etsy.me
http://wn.com/Lancashire_Textiles_Last_Mill_Standing
Lancashire, UK used to supply 40% of the world's cotton fabric. Today, Joe McBride is trying to keep his textile mill alive despite a changed horizon. Read the full Etsy blog post. etsy.me
- published: 19 Apr 2011
- views: 5626
- author: etsy
The Lancashire Hotpots - Chippy Tea - Live @ 97.4 Rock FM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
The Lancashire Hotpots presented the Adam@Breakfast show and performed Chippy Tea live.
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_Chippy_Tea_Live_@_974_Rock_FM
The Lancashire Hotpots presented the Adam@Breakfast show and performed Chippy Tea live.
- published: 17 Aug 2007
- views: 202721
- author: rockfm974
He's Turned Emo - The Single (as seen on MTV2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
The Hotpots on Facebook www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Twitter www.twitter.com/thehotpots The official Hotpots Shop www.townsend-records.co.uk
http://wn.com/He's_Turned_Emo_The_Single_as_seen_on_MTV2
The Hotpots on Facebook www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Twitter www.twitter.com/thehotpots The official Hotpots Shop www.townsend-records.co.uk
- published: 03 Sep 2007
- views: 493971
- author: diffusiononline
The Emperor of Lancashire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
"The Emperor of Lancashire," from the film "Turned out Nice Again."
http://wn.com/The_Emperor_of_Lancashire
"The Emperor of Lancashire," from the film "Turned out Nice Again."
- published: 02 Jan 2007
- views: 24164
- author: marktuson123
Lancashire Hotpot Recipe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:49
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Lancashire Hot Pot is a delicious lamb stew which is light enough to be eaten at almost any time of year. It is an ideal dish for a slow-cooker if you have one. Recipe at titlisbusykitchen.com
http://wn.com/Lancashire_Hotpot_Recipe
Lancashire Hot Pot is a delicious lamb stew which is light enough to be eaten at almost any time of year. It is an ideal dish for a slow-cooker if you have one. Recipe at titlisbusykitchen.com
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 17268
- author: TitliNihaan
Surrey v Lancashire - 1993 B&H; Cup [2/2]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:52
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Surrey, chasing 237 to beat Lancashire in the 1993 B&H; Cup, are romping home at 212 for 1 when all of a sudden... May 11th 1993, The Foster's Oval.
http://wn.com/Surrey_v_Lancashire_1993_B&H;_Cup_2_2_
Surrey, chasing 237 to beat Lancashire in the 1993 B&H; Cup, are romping home at 212 for 1 when all of a sudden... May 11th 1993, The Foster's Oval.
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 22343
- author: lcccvideos
Lancashire Colliers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:26
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Footage of Grimebridge drift mine from the 80's
http://wn.com/Lancashire_Colliers
The Lancashire Hotpots - Chippy Tea
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Enjoy ~Lyrics~ Well it's the end of the working week and I'm rushing back home quick I'm starving I'm fair klempt tha knows I could eat a buttered brick I need stodgy food without the fuss Then wife gives me a plate of cous cous I said I'm sorry love but I want's a chippy tea Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore Or your rasberry coulie I'm a working man from Lancashire and I wants a chippy tea Plenty salt and vinegar on that love Leave it open will ya darling It's dark when I sets off to work It's dark when I come home And all I want is simple food Not Din Sum from Ken Hom Her inspiration's ready steady cook Am I eating it? Am I .... it's friday night and I want a chippy tea Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore With your rasberry coolie It's Friday night I'm within my rights I wants a chippy tea www.free-lyrics.org "And in the red kitchen William is preparing griddled squid With coconut pesto Chilli jam and an ice cointreau custard" "And in the Lancashire kitchen Bernards brought back from the chippy Chips, peas, pudding, gravy (wrapped) a carton of curry, a barmcake and a can of vimto, Now" Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore Or your rasberry coulie I'm a working man from Lancashire and I wants a ...
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_Chippy_Tea
Enjoy ~Lyrics~ Well it's the end of the working week and I'm rushing back home quick I'm starving I'm fair klempt tha knows I could eat a buttered brick I need stodgy food without the fuss Then wife gives me a plate of cous cous I said I'm sorry love but I want's a chippy tea Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore Or your rasberry coulie I'm a working man from Lancashire and I wants a chippy tea Plenty salt and vinegar on that love Leave it open will ya darling It's dark when I sets off to work It's dark when I come home And all I want is simple food Not Din Sum from Ken Hom Her inspiration's ready steady cook Am I eating it? Am I .... it's friday night and I want a chippy tea Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore With your rasberry coolie It's Friday night I'm within my rights I wants a chippy tea www.free-lyrics.org "And in the red kitchen William is preparing griddled squid With coconut pesto Chilli jam and an ice cointreau custard" "And in the Lancashire kitchen Bernards brought back from the chippy Chips, peas, pudding, gravy (wrapped) a carton of curry, a barmcake and a can of vimto, Now" Chippy tea, chippy tea I want's a chippy tea But you keep givin posh nosh it don't agree with me I don't want lobster thermadore Or your rasberry coulie I'm a working man from Lancashire and I wants a ...
- published: 19 Apr 2009
- views: 150099
- author: LancashireHotPots
Sonja's Lancashire Hotpot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Lancaster, UK Sonia shows us how to make local speciality Lancashire Hotpot. All you need is Lamb, potatoes, onions and fours hours to cook the thing. Ingredients --------------------------------------- * 3lb old potatoes * 1lb onions * 1lb (neck chops) or 1lb lamb chops * salt & pepper * 1/2pt water Heat oven to 180C Cook for 4-6 hours Filmed by Human Beans as part of What's Cooking Grandmas of Lancaster. Visit www.WhatsCookingGrandma.net for more...
http://wn.com/Sonja's_Lancashire_Hotpot
Lancaster, UK Sonia shows us how to make local speciality Lancashire Hotpot. All you need is Lamb, potatoes, onions and fours hours to cook the thing. Ingredients --------------------------------------- * 3lb old potatoes * 1lb onions * 1lb (neck chops) or 1lb lamb chops * salt & pepper * 1/2pt water Heat oven to 180C Cook for 4-6 hours Filmed by Human Beans as part of What's Cooking Grandmas of Lancaster. Visit www.WhatsCookingGrandma.net for more...
- published: 13 Oct 2006
- views: 30012
- author: HumanBeans
Lancashire Hotpots - I Met A Girl On Myspace
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
Note to all: Please note that all of you out there thinking "that choo' is reppin' it bad styo blad". Yeah, sorry but I have meerly pasted the lyrics below for convinience not for controversy. And please to not fight, make love not war. ;) Comments apprechiated because the lancashire hotpots are such a great band :). Ty. LYRICS Oh I got myself a myspace page It really is the best I logged into it the tother day It said new friend request It were from a lass in lancashire her page had loads of hits I saw the pictures in her profile and she had absolutely massive... Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Right Here We Go I sent her instant messages I posted on her blog I said lets meet in Wetherspoons So we could have a snog She said she had no transport and so a lift she'd catch and if I played my cards right I'd get to feel her Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra AyeS Word to your mother How is your mother? We walked home from pub together I even bought her chips I kissed her on the doorstep She said can't you kiss me on the lips We carried on our courting But then I had a reet big shock It turns out it wasn't a girl at all It was a fella with a massive... Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes
http://wn.com/Lancashire_Hotpots_I_Met_A_Girl_On_Myspace
Note to all: Please note that all of you out there thinking "that choo' is reppin' it bad styo blad". Yeah, sorry but I have meerly pasted the lyrics below for convinience not for controversy. And please to not fight, make love not war. ;) Comments apprechiated because the lancashire hotpots are such a great band :). Ty. LYRICS Oh I got myself a myspace page It really is the best I logged into it the tother day It said new friend request It were from a lass in lancashire her page had loads of hits I saw the pictures in her profile and she had absolutely massive... Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Right Here We Go I sent her instant messages I posted on her blog I said lets meet in Wetherspoons So we could have a snog She said she had no transport and so a lift she'd catch and if I played my cards right I'd get to feel her Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra AyeS Word to your mother How is your mother? We walked home from pub together I even bought her chips I kissed her on the doorstep She said can't you kiss me on the lips We carried on our courting But then I had a reet big shock It turns out it wasn't a girl at all It was a fella with a massive... Too-ra, Loo-ra, Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes Too-ra, Loo-ra, Loo-ra Aye Too-ra, Loo-ra, Ayes
- published: 06 Apr 2008
- views: 56943
- author: MusicVideosUK
The Lancashire Hotpots - He's Turned Emo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Below are the Lyrics. NOTE TO ALL VIEWERS: Please note that I am most aware that "such and such aren't emo", having said that, you are labelling people, which itself is indeed a sin. I did not write these lyrics, I meerly promoting their music. And to all those with points with meaning thankyou :). LYRICS My mate Jeff I've known him for years He loves his Madonna and his Britney Spears But then one day I noticed a change We went all moody and he didn't look the same His eyes looked black I said have you got a shiner? When I looked closer he were wearing eyeliner He'd straightened 'is hair and combed it ovver 'is eyes And all at once I realised... Oh, no He's turned Emo He's dressing like a goth And he's let himself go He used to be listening to Simply Red now he's listening to Fall Out Boy instead Well he weren't at the Labour Club for our regular line dance He just stayed at home and listened to My Chemical Romance I said you're not an emo lets forget this misdemeanour Come wi me and see Cliff Richard at the MEN arena He said "I'm feeling all emotional I don't know why" I said its those tight trousers that are making you cry Come an have a pint a mild And you'll feel fine And listen to Abba Not Bullet for My Valentine Oh, no He's turned Emo He's dressing like a goth And he's let himself go He used to be listening to Simply Red now he's listening to Fall Out Boy instead Well I saw him yesterday When I were walking to tha station I could tell from a distance he were ...
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_He's_Turned_Emo
Below are the Lyrics. NOTE TO ALL VIEWERS: Please note that I am most aware that "such and such aren't emo", having said that, you are labelling people, which itself is indeed a sin. I did not write these lyrics, I meerly promoting their music. And to all those with points with meaning thankyou :). LYRICS My mate Jeff I've known him for years He loves his Madonna and his Britney Spears But then one day I noticed a change We went all moody and he didn't look the same His eyes looked black I said have you got a shiner? When I looked closer he were wearing eyeliner He'd straightened 'is hair and combed it ovver 'is eyes And all at once I realised... Oh, no He's turned Emo He's dressing like a goth And he's let himself go He used to be listening to Simply Red now he's listening to Fall Out Boy instead Well he weren't at the Labour Club for our regular line dance He just stayed at home and listened to My Chemical Romance I said you're not an emo lets forget this misdemeanour Come wi me and see Cliff Richard at the MEN arena He said "I'm feeling all emotional I don't know why" I said its those tight trousers that are making you cry Come an have a pint a mild And you'll feel fine And listen to Abba Not Bullet for My Valentine Oh, no He's turned Emo He's dressing like a goth And he's let himself go He used to be listening to Simply Red now he's listening to Fall Out Boy instead Well I saw him yesterday When I were walking to tha station I could tell from a distance he were ...
- published: 06 Apr 2008
- views: 58532
- author: MusicVideosUK
Blackpool Pleasure Beach, Lancashire (1926)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' is available to buy on DVD at filmstore.bfi.org.uk This extract comes from Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' - originally filmed in 1925/6 and now re-edited and digitally resto This extract comes from Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' - originally filmed in 1925/6 and now re-edited and digitally restored by the BFI National Archive. Britain seen in colour for the first time was heralded as a great technical advance for the cinema audience - now we can view a much improved image, but one which still stays true to the principles of the colour process. The rather haphazard journey from Land's End to John O'Groats creates a series of moving picture postcards. Look out for shots containing the component colours - red and blue-green - such as when a little girl in a red coat and hat walks among peacocks in the grounds of a castle, and three girls with red curly hair pose by the sea at Torquay. The car is a Vauxhall D-type - considered a sporty model at the time. A long-distance journey by car was a relatively new concept, with none of the amenities en route now taken for granted. The visit to a petrol station shows smoking on the forecourt: no health and safety issues back then! The travelogue ends with a series of recognisable London landmarks. Much remains the same - one major exception being the volume of traffic on the roads. (Jan Faull) For more information about 'The Open Road' see www.bfi.org.uk You can watch the whole of ...
http://wn.com/Blackpool_Pleasure_Beach,_Lancashire_1926
Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' is available to buy on DVD at filmstore.bfi.org.uk This extract comes from Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' - originally filmed in 1925/6 and now re-edited and digitally resto This extract comes from Claude Friese-Greene's 'The Open Road' - originally filmed in 1925/6 and now re-edited and digitally restored by the BFI National Archive. Britain seen in colour for the first time was heralded as a great technical advance for the cinema audience - now we can view a much improved image, but one which still stays true to the principles of the colour process. The rather haphazard journey from Land's End to John O'Groats creates a series of moving picture postcards. Look out for shots containing the component colours - red and blue-green - such as when a little girl in a red coat and hat walks among peacocks in the grounds of a castle, and three girls with red curly hair pose by the sea at Torquay. The car is a Vauxhall D-type - considered a sporty model at the time. A long-distance journey by car was a relatively new concept, with none of the amenities en route now taken for granted. The visit to a petrol station shows smoking on the forecourt: no health and safety issues back then! The travelogue ends with a series of recognisable London landmarks. Much remains the same - one major exception being the volume of traffic on the roads. (Jan Faull) For more information about 'The Open Road' see www.bfi.org.uk You can watch the whole of ...
- published: 23 Jun 2008
- views: 90735
- author: BFIfilms
The Lancashire Hotpots - Carry You Home
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
The official music video for The Lancashire Hotpots - Carry You Home. Directed by David Mills. Available now on CD and digital download from Townsend Records www.townsend-records.co.uk or iTunes
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_Carry_You_Home
The official music video for The Lancashire Hotpots - Carry You Home. Directed by David Mills. Available now on CD and digital download from Townsend Records www.townsend-records.co.uk or iTunes
- published: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 19584
- author: diffusiononline
The Lancashire Hotpots - Christmas In Lancashire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
The first ever track from The Lancashire Hotpots. Get Hotpots goodies from the official Hotpots shop: www.townsend-records.co.uk Find them on Facebook and MySpace n'nat.
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_Christmas_In_Lancashire
The first ever track from The Lancashire Hotpots. Get Hotpots goodies from the official Hotpots shop: www.townsend-records.co.uk Find them on Facebook and MySpace n'nat.
- published: 13 Dec 2006
- views: 16686
- author: diffusiononline
Sarah Lancashire unwraps the irresistible Miss Audrey - The Paradise - BBC One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
www.bbc.co.uk An intoxicating love story set in England's first department store in the 1870s. Sarah Lancashire describes the two faces of Miss Audrey, the formidable head of Ladieswear.
http://wn.com/Sarah_Lancashire_unwraps_the_irresistible_Miss_Audrey_The_Paradise_BBC_One
www.bbc.co.uk An intoxicating love story set in England's first department store in the 1870s. Sarah Lancashire describes the two faces of Miss Audrey, the formidable head of Ladieswear.
- published: 21 Sep 2012
- views: 6608
- author: BBC
Santa Claus is coming to (a Lancashire) town!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Santa is spoiling Christmas for criminals... with a little help from Lancashire Police! With thanks to Pat Boyle from Quaint Productions, members of the community and the police officers and staff from Lancashire Constabulary who gave up their free time for our Christmas video.
http://wn.com/Santa_Claus_is_coming_to_a_Lancashire_town!
Santa is spoiling Christmas for criminals... with a little help from Lancashire Police! With thanks to Pat Boyle from Quaint Productions, members of the community and the police officers and staff from Lancashire Constabulary who gave up their free time for our Christmas video.
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 33838
- author: lancspolice
Barry Richards 129 Hampshire Vs Lancashire 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Barry Richards 129 Hampshire Vs Lancashire 1972
http://wn.com/Barry_Richards_129_Hampshire_Vs_Lancashire_1972
The Lancashire Hotpots - Mek Us A Brew
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
The B-Side to the Lancashire Hotpots single 'The Beer Olympics' 'Mek Us A Brew' is dedicated to that most Bristish of pass times, putting the kettle on. The Hotpots on Facebook www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Twitter www.twitter.com/thehotpots The official Hotpots Shop www.townsend-records.co.uk
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_Mek_Us_A_Brew
The B-Side to the Lancashire Hotpots single 'The Beer Olympics' 'Mek Us A Brew' is dedicated to that most Bristish of pass times, putting the kettle on. The Hotpots on Facebook www.facebook.com/thelancashirehotpots Twitter www.twitter.com/thehotpots The official Hotpots Shop www.townsend-records.co.uk
- published: 10 Jun 2009
- views: 90504
- author: diffusiononline
I Fear IKEA by The Lancashire Hotpots
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Quality track from the new album "Pot Sounds" accompanied by a little montage.
http://wn.com/I_Fear_IKEA_by_The_Lancashire_Hotpots
Quality track from the new album "Pot Sounds" accompanied by a little montage.
- published: 12 Nov 2008
- views: 141289
- author: LordSnedOfBury
The Lancashire Hotpots perform He's Turned Emo On Channel M
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
The Lancashire Hotpots perform He's Turned Emo On Channel M Television
http://wn.com/The_Lancashire_Hotpots_perform_He's_Turned_Emo_On_Channel_M
The Lancashire Hotpots perform He's Turned Emo On Channel M Television
- published: 31 May 2007
- views: 108259
- author: diffusiononline
photo: AP / Menahem Kahana
08 Jan 2013
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - It's Bibi against the world on a campaign trail that took the combative Israeli prime minister to a Jewish settlement on Tuesday. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attends the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem December 9, 2012. REUTERS/Ammar Awad ... Tweaking his message to match the locality, Netanyahu said ... The danger comes from Iran, which is building nuclear weapons." ... CHEMICAL WEAPONS ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
08 Jan 2013
MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Channi Anand
09 Jan 2013
JAMMU, India (Reuters) - India slammed arch-rival Pakistan on Wednesday over a fire fight in the disputed territory of Kashmir in which two of its soldiers were killed, and said the mutilation of one of the bodies was "inhuman". India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony waits to speak at a plenary session of the 11th International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) Asia Security Summit ... REUTERS/Tim Chong ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Richard Drew
09 Jan 2013
A commuter ferry has crashed into the dockside in Lower Manhattan in New York during the morning rush hour, injuring between 30 and 50 people.. The Seastreak Ferry, which provides daily services from Atlantic Highlands in New Jersey, struck Pier 11 in the East River not far from Wall Street at about 8.45am ET (1.45pm GMT).. Officials say at least two of the passengers were in a critical condition, one with confirmed head injuries. ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake
07 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
10 Jan 2013
The blunder happened on October 12 last year after reports were received of a man walking through the town centre in Chorley, Lancashire, with a martial arts weapon ... Lancashire Police were unable to comment....(size: 1.0Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
Lancashire County Council) Tuesday, 8th January 2013 ... LANCASHIRE County Council is inviting the public to have their say on a £275 million package of measures set to transform the transport network in Preston, Chorley and South Ribble over the next 15 years ... Leaflets and questionnaires will be distributed and public exhibitions will be held across the three Central Lancashire districts....(size: 7.2Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
Lancashire's Police and Crime Commissioner and his team will be hitting the County's streets this year. Clive Grunshaw will be touring Lancashire, throughout January, to get the views of residents on crime and policing ... This plan will not reflect my views; it will reflect the views of the Lancashire community ... For more information on the Police and Crime Commissioner for Lancashire, go to www.lancashire-pcc.gov.uk....(size: 5.8Kb)
Huffington Post
09 Jan 2013
PRESTON, LANCASHIRE - OCTOBER 07. Engineers on the drilling platform of the Cuadrilla shale fracking facility on October 7, 2012 in Preston, Lancashire ... PRESTON, LANCASHIRE - OCTOBER 07. Engineers at work on the drilling platform of the Cuadrilla shale fracking facility on October 7, 2012 in Preston, Lancashire ... PRESTON, LANCASHIRE - OCTOBER 07 ... PRESTON, LANCASHIRE - OCTOBER 07 ... PRESTON, LANCASHIRE - OCTOBER 07....(size: 13.5Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
(Source. Lancashire County Council) Wednesday, 9th January 2013. (PR13/0009) ... Rachel Roberts, museum manager, said ... The exhibition runs until Sunday 14 April. Lancaster Maritime Museum is run by Lancashire County Council on behalf of Lancaster City Council ... Alternatively, please visit www.lancashire.gov.uk/museums ... ENDS. distributed by. This noodl was issued by Lancashire County Council and was initially posted at www.lancashire.gov.uk....(size: 2.8Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
Lancashire County Council) Wednesday, 9th January 2013 ... A LANCASHIRE sports and social club is to celebrate the completion of its latest phase of improvements, including upgraded facilities and better access for disabled people. Longton VM Sports and Social Club received £1,500 from Lancashire County Council's champions for disabled and older people and the champion for parishes....(size: 3.7Kb)
Sky Sports
09 Jan 2013
Shivnarine Chanderpaul has confirmed that he has signed a two-year contract with Derbyshire. The veteran West Indies batsman, who has previous experience of the County Championship with Durham, Lancashire and Warwickshire, is expected to be available for all three domestic competitions throughout the summer ... Share. ....(size: 1.6Kb)
Sporting Life
09 Jan 2013
The veteran West Indies batsman, who has previous experience of the County Championship with Durham, Lancashire and Warwickshire, is expected to be available for all three domestic competitions throughout the summer ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Newstrack India
09 Jan 2013
Tweet. London, Jan. 9 (ANI) ... Two studies - carried out by Dr Sandi Mann and Rebekah Cadman at the University of Central Lancashire - explored the effects of "passive" boredom, like staring into space during meetings, the Daily Mail reported ... (ANI). Post comments.. ) .. ).. Comments.. HOME . . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.5Kb)
IC Newcastle
09 Jan 2013
07.45, Jan 9 2013. ... Chanderpaul has had previous spells in the county game with Durham, Lancashire as well as Warwickshire and as part of the deal Derbyshire have first option to keep the 38-year-old for a third season ... Story continues ADVERTISEMENT ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Belfast Telegraph
09 Jan 2013
Having time to daydream at work, or during the daily commute, can spark new ideas, said Dr Sandi Mann of the University of Central Lancashire ... Those who copied out the telephone numbers were more creative, the research revealed. Dr Mann said ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
Independent online (SA)
09 Jan 2013
London - Staring into space at work could help you become more creative, psychologists have claimed ... Two studies carried out by researchers at the University of Central Lancashire suggest daydreaming in work time could boost your brain’s creativity and even help the business ... - Daily Mail ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
For other uses, see Lancashire (disambiguation).
| Lancashire | |
|---|---|
 Flag of Lancashire[1] |
|
 |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial and (smaller) non-metropolitan county |
| Origin | Historic |
| Region | North West England |
| Area - Total - Admin. council - Admin. area |
Ranked 17th 3,079 km2 (1,189 sq mi) Ranked 16th 2,903 km2 (1,121 sq mi) |
| Admin HQ | Preston |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-LAN |
| ONS code | 30 |
| NUTS 3 | UKD43 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2010 est.) - Density - Admin. council - Admin. pop. |
Ranked 8th 1,449,300 471 /km2 (1,220 /sq mi) Ranked 4th 1,169,300 |
| Ethnicity | 89.7% White British 6.0% S. Asian 2.1% Other White 0.9% Mixed 0.7% E. Asian and Other 0.5% Black 2005 Estimates |
| Politics | |
 Lancashire County Council http://www.lancashire.gov.uk |
|
| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | |
| Districts | |
|
|
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster.[2] Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.[3] Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
The county was subject to a significant boundary reform in 1974,[4] which removed Liverpool and Manchester with most of their surrounding conurbations to form part of the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester respectively.[5] At this time, the detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was made part of Cumbria. Today the county borders Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and North and West Yorkshire. The Duchy of Lancaster exercises the right of the Crown in the area known as the County Palatine of Lancaster, which includes the counties of Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Lancashire
Early history[link]
The county was established in 1182[4] and later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was considered part of the Brigantes tribal area and was in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw were all originally Roman forts. In the centuries immediately following the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts, at least, of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity of the Brigantes tribe of northern Britain. During the mid 8th Century this area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria which itself became a part of England in the 10th Century. In the Domesday Book, its lands between the Ribble and the Mersey were known as "Inter Ripam et Mersam"[6][7] and were included in the returns for Cheshire.[8] Although some historians have taken this to mean that south Lancashire was, at that time, part of Cheshire,[7][9] neither can it be said clearly to have been part of Cheshire.[10][11][12] It is also claimed that the territory to the north formed, at that time, part of the West Riding of Yorkshire.[9] It bordered on Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire. The county was divided into the six hundreds of Amounderness, Blackburn, Leyland, Lonsdale, Salford and West Derby.[13] Lonsdale was further partitioned into Lonsdale North, which was the detached part north of "the sands" of Morecambe Bay (including both Furness and Cartmel), and Lonsdale South.
Modern history[link]
Lancashire is now much smaller than its historical extent, following a major reform of local government.[14] In 1889 an administrative county of Lancashire was created, covering the historical county except for county boroughs such as Blackburn, Burnley, Barrow-in-Furness, Preston, Wigan, Liverpool, Manchester.[15] The area covered by the Lord-Lieutenant (termed now a ceremonial county) continued to cover the entirety of the administrative county along with the county boroughs, and thus was expanded slightly whenever boroughs annexed areas in other neighbouring counties. Examples of this include Wythenshawe (an area of Manchester south of the River Mersey and historically in Cheshire), and southern Warrington. This area also did not cover the western part of Todmorden, where the ancient border between Lancashire and Yorkshire runs through the middle of the town.
During the 20th century the county became increasingly urbanised, particularly the southern part. To the existing county boroughs of Barrow-in-Furness, Blackburn, Bolton, Bootle, Burnley, Bury, Liverpool, Manchester, Oldham, Preston, Rochdale, Salford, St Helens and Wigan were added Blackpool (1904), Southport (1905), and Warrington (1900). The county boroughs also had many boundary extensions. The borders around the Manchester area were particularly complicated, with narrow protrusions of the administrative county between the county boroughs – Lees urban district formed a detached part of the administrative county, between Oldham county borough and the West Riding of Yorkshire.[16]
By the census of 1971 the population of Lancashire (including all its associated county boroughs) had reached 5,129,416, making it then the most populous geographic county in the UK. The administrative county of Lancashire was also the most populous of its type outside of London, with a population of 2,280,359 in 1961. On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county of Lancashire was abolished, as were the county boroughs. The urbanised southern part largely became part of two new metropolitan counties. The south-western part became part of Merseyside, the south-eastern part was incorporated into Greater Manchester.[17] The new county of Cumbria took the Furness exclave.[4]
The boroughs of Liverpool, Knowsley, St Helens and Sefton were removed entirely from Lancashire. In Greater Manchester the successor boroughs were Bury, Bolton, Manchester, Oldham (part), Rochdale, Salford, Tameside (part), Trafford (part) and Wigan. Warrington and Widnes, south of the new Merseyside/Greater Manchester border, rather than become part of Greater Manchester or Merseyside were instead made part of the new non-metropolitan county of Cheshire. The urban districts of Barnoldswick and Earby, the Bowland Rural District and the parishes of Bracewell and Brogden and Salterforth from the Skipton Rural District from the West Riding of Yorkshire became part of the new Lancashire.[5] One parish, Simonswood, was transferred from the borough of Knowsley in Merseyside to the district of West Lancashire in 1994.[18] In 1998 the county borough system re-appeared in all but name, when Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen became independent unitary authority areas. The Wars of the Roses tradition continued with Lancaster using as its symbol the red rose and York the white. Pressure groups, including Friends of Real Lancashire and the Association of British Counties advocate the use of the historical boundaries of Lancashire for ceremonial and cultural purposes.[19][20]
Geography[link]
Divisions and environs[link]
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts. They are Burnley, Chorley, Fylde, Hyndburn, Lancaster, Pendle, Preston, the Ribble Valley, Rossendale, South Ribble, West Lancashire, and Wyre.[21][22]
Blackpool and Blackburn with Darwen are unitary authorities which form part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but do not come under county council control.[23] The Lancashire Constabulary covers the two unitary authorities.[24] The ceremonial county, the area including the unitary authorities, borders Cumbria, North Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside, and forms part of the North West England region.[25]
Geology, landscape and ecology[link]
The highest point of the ceremonial county is Gragareth, near Whernside, which reaches a height of 627 m (2,057 ft).[26] However, Green Hill near Gragareth has also been cited as the county top.[27] The highest point within the historic boundaries is Coniston Old Man in the Lake District at 803 m (2,634 ft).[28]
Lancashire drains west from the Pennines into the Irish Sea. Rivers in Lancashire include the Ribble, Wyre and Lune. Major tributaries of these rivers include the Calder, Darwen, Douglas, Hodder, and Yarrow. The Irwell is partly in Lancashire.
To the west of the county are the West Lancashire Coastal Plain in the south, and the Fylde coastal plain north of the Ribble Estuary. Further north is Morecambe Bay. Apart from the coastal resorts, these areas are largely rural with the land devoted to vegetable crops. In the northwest corner of the county, straddling the border with Cumbria, is the Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), characterised by its limestone pavements and home to the Leighton Moss nature reserve.
To the east of the county are upland areas leading to the Pennines. North of the Ribble is Beacon Fell Country Park and the Forest of Bowland, another AONB. Much of the lowland around this area is devoted to dairy farming and cheesemaking, whereas the higher ground is more suitable for sheep farming, and the highest ground is uncultivated moorland. The valleys of the River Ribble and its tributary the Calder form a large gap in the west side of the Pennines, in which sit Pendle Hill and most of the larger Lancashire towns. South of the Ribble are the West Pennine Moors and the Forest of Rossendale where former cotton mill towns are in deep valleys. The Lancashire Coalfield was largely in modern-day Greater Manchester, but extended into Merseyside and to Ormskirk, Chorley, Burnley and Colne within modern-day Lancashire.
Politics[link]
Main article: Lancashire County Council
The county council, serving the shire county, is based in County Hall in Preston, built as a home for the Lancashire county administration (including the Quarter Sessions and Lancashire Constabulary) and opened on 14 September 1882.[29]
Local elections for 84 councillors from 84 divisions are held every four years. The council is currently controlled by the Conservative Party.[30]
| Election | Number of councillors elected by each political party | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative Party | Labour | Liberal Democrats | Independent | Green Party | BNP | Idle Toad | |
| 2009 | 51 | 16 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Duchy of Lancaster[link]
The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two remaining royal duchies in the United Kingdom. It has large landholdings throughout the region and elsewhere, and operates as a property company, but also exercises the right of the Crown in the County Palatine of Lancaster,[31] which includes areas that were removed from Lancashire as part of the 1974 boundary changes.
High Sheriffs for Lancashire, Greater Manchester and Merseyside are appointed "within the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster".[32]
The Duchy administers bona vacantia within the County Palatine, receiving the property of persons who die intestate, and where the legal ownership cannot be ascertained.
There is no separate Duke of Lancaster, the title having merged in the Crown many centuries ago – but the Duchy is administered by the Queen in Right of the Duchy of Lancaster. A separate court system for the county palatine was finally abolished by Courts Act 1971. A particular form of The Loyal Toast is still in regular local use: 'The Queen, Duke of Lancaster'.
Economy[link]
Lancashire in the 19th century was a major centre of industrial activity and hence of wealth. Activities included mining and textile production (particularly cotton), though on the coast there was also fishing. Historically, the docks in Preston were an industrial port, though are now disused for commercial purposes. Lancashire was historically the location of the port of Liverpool while Barrow-in-Furness is famous for shipbuilding.
Today the largest private industry in Lancashire is the defence industry with BAE Systems Military Air Solutions division based in Warton on the Fylde coast. The division also operates a manufacturing site in Samlesbury. Other defence firms include BAE Systems Global Combat Systems which operates a site at Chorley, Ultra Electronics in Fulwood and Rolls-Royce plc in Barnoldswick.
The nuclear power industry has a major presence with the Springfields plant at Salwick operated by Westinghouse and Heysham nuclear power station operated by British Energy. Other major manufacturing firms include Leyland Trucks which is a subsidiary of Paccar and builds the DAF truck range.
Other companies with a major presence in Lancashire include:
- Airline Network, an internet travel company with its headquarters in Preston.
- BAXI, a heating equipment manufacturer which was established in Preston and which has a large manufacturing site in Bamber Bridge.
- Crown Paints, a major paint manufacturer based in Darwen.
- Enterprise plc, one of the UK's leading support services based in Leyland.
- Hanson plc, a building supplies company which operates the Accrington brick works.
- National Savings and Investments, a state owned savings bank with major operations and the headquarters of the Premium Bond Lottery Bond in Blackpool.
- Thwaites Brewery, a regional brewery founded in 1807 by Daniel Thwaites in Blackburn.
- Xchanging, a company that provides business process outsourcing services, with operations in Fulwood.
Economic output[link]
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of the non-metropolitan county of Lancashire at current[when?] basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added[33] | Agriculture[34] | Industry[35] | Services[36] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 13,789 | 344 | 5,461 | 7,984 |
| 2000 | 16,584 | 259 | 6,097 | 10,229 |
| 2003 | 19,206 | 294 | 6,352 | 12,560 |
Education[link]
Main article: List of schools in Lancashire
Lancashire has a mostly comprehensive system with four state grammar schools. Not including sixth form colleges, there are 77 state schools (not including Burnley's new schools) and 24 independent schools. The Clitheroe area also has secondary modern schools. Sixth form provision is limited at most schools in most districts, with only Fylde and Lancaster districts having mostly sixth forms at schools. The rest (most schools) depend on FE colleges and sixth form colleges, where they exist. South Ribble has the largest school population, with Fylde the smallest (only three schools). Burnley's schools have had a new broom and have essentially been knocked down and started again in 2006. There are many Church of England and Catholic faith schools in Lancashire.
Lancashire is home to four universities; Lancaster University, University of Central Lancashire, Edge Hill University and the Lancaster campus of The University of Cumbria. Additionally there are also seven colleges which offer higher education courses.
Transport[link]
Road[link]
The Lancashire economy relies strongly on the M6 motorway which runs from north to south, past Lancaster and Preston. Other motorways in the region include the fairly short M55 which connects the city of Preston and the town of Blackpool at 11.5 miles (18.3 km) in length. The M65 motorway runs from east to west starting in the town of Colne, running through Burnley, Accrington, Blackburn and terminating in Preston. The M61 heads from Preston past Chorley towards Manchester and the trans-Pennine M62, and the M58 crosses the southernmost part of the county from the M6 near Wigan to Liverpool via Skelmersdale.
Other major roads in the county include the east-west A59 between Liverpool in Merseyside and Skipton in North Yorkshire via Ormskirk, Preston and Clitheroe, and the connecting A565 to Southport; the A56 from Ramsbottom to Padiham via Haslingden and from Colne to Skipton; the A585 from Kirkham to Fleetwood; the A666 from the A59 north of Blackburn to Bolton via Darwen; and the A683 from Heysham to Kirkby Lonsdale via Lancaster.
Rail[link]
The West Coast Main Line provides direct rail links with London and other major cities, with stations at Preston and Lancaster. East-west connections are carried via the East Lancashire Line between Blackpool and Colne via Lytham Preston, Blackburn, Accrington and Burnley. The Ribble Valley Line runs from Bolton to Clitheroe via Darwen and Blackburn. There are also connecting lines from Preston to Ormskirk and Bolton, and from Lancaster to Morecambe, Heysham and Skipton.
Air[link]
The county is served by Blackpool International Airport, however Manchester Airport in Greater Manchester is the main airport in the region. Liverpool John Lennon Airport, on Merseyside is also nearby.
As well as Blackpool another major operational airfield exists at Warton near Preston, the site is a major assembly and test facility for BAE Systems; arguably Lancashire's biggest private sector employer.
Ferry[link]
Heysham and Fleetwood offer ferry services to Ireland and the Isle of Man.[37] As part of its industrial past, Lancashire gave rise to an extensive network of canals, which extend into neighbouring counties. These include the Leeds and Liverpool Canal, Lancaster Canal, Bridgewater Canal, Rochdale Canal, Ashton Canal and Manchester Ship Canal.
Bus[link]
Main article: List of bus routes in Lancashire
Several bus companies run bus services in the Lancashire area serving the main towns and villages in the county with some services running to neighbouring areas, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Merseyside and West Yorkshire.
Demography[link]
The major settlements in the ceremonial county are concentrated on the Fylde coast (the Blackpool Urban Area), and a belt of towns running west-east along the M65: Preston, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and Colne. South of Preston are the towns of Leyland and Chorley; the three formed part of the Central Lancashire New Town designated in 1970. The north of the county is predominantly rural and sparsely populated, except for the towns of Lancaster and Morecambe which form a large conurbation of almost 100,000 people. Lancashire is home to a significant Asian population, numbering over 70,000 and 6% of the county's population, and concentrated largely in the former cotton mill towns in the south east.
Population change[link]
| Population totals for modern (post-1998) Lancashire | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Population | Year | Population | Year | Population | ||
| 1801 | 163,310 | 1871 | 524,869 | 1941 | 922,812 | ||
| 1811 | 192,283 | 1881 | 630,323 | 1951 | 948,592 | ||
| 1821 | 236,724 | 1891 | 736,233 | 1961 | 991,648 | ||
| 1831 | 261,710 | 1901 | 798,545 | 1971 | 1,049,013 | ||
| 1841 | 289,925 | 1911 | 873,210 | 1981 | 1,076,146 | ||
| 1851 | 313,957 | 1921 | 886,114 | 1991 | 1,122,097 | ||
| 1861 | 419,412 | 1931 | 902,965 | 2001 | 1,134,976 | ||
| Pre-1998 statistics were gathered from local government areas that now comprise Lancashire Source: Great Britain Historical GIS.[38] |
|||||||
Settlements[link]
Main article: List of places in Lancashire
The table below has divided the settlements into their local authority district. Each district has a centre of administration; for some of these correlate with a district's largest town, while others are named after the geographical area.
Areas[link]
- † – part of the West Riding of Yorkshire until 1974
- This table does not form an extensive list of the settlements in the ceremonial county. More settlements can be found at Category:Towns in Lancashire, Category:Villages in Lancashire, and Category:Civil parishes in Lancashire.
Historic Areas[link]
Some settlements which were historically part of the county now fall under the counties of West Yorkshire, Cheshire, Merseyside, Greater Manchester and Cumbria:[4][5][15][17][39][40][41]
| Greater Manchester | Ashton-in-Makerfield, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bolton, Bury, Chadderton, Denton, Eccles, Farnworth, Heywood, Horwich, Hindley, Irlam, Kearsley, Leigh, Little Lever, Manchester, Middleton, Oldham, Prestwich, Radcliffe, Rochdale, Salford, Stretford, Swinton and Pendlebury, Tyldesley, Urmston, Westhoughton, Whitefield, Wigan, Worsley. |
|---|---|
| Merseyside | Bootle, Crosby, Formby, Huyton, Kirkby, Liverpool, Maghull, Newton-le-Willows, Prescot, St Helens, Southport |
| Cumbria | Barrow-in-Furness, Coniston, Dalton-in-Furness, Grange-over-Sands, Ulverston |
| Cheshire | Warrington, Widnes |
| West Yorkshire | Todmorden |
Boundary changes to occur before 1974 include:[41]
- Todmorden (split between Lancashire and Yorkshire) entirely to West Riding of Yorkshire in 1889
- Mossley (split between Lancashire, Yorkshire and Cheshire) entirely to Lancashire in 1889
- Stalybridge, entirely to Cheshire in 1889
- the former county boroughs of Manchester and Warrington both extended south of the Mersey into historic Cheshire (areas such as Wythenshawe and Latchford)
- correspondingly, the former county borough of Stockport extended north into historic Lancashire, including areas such as Reddish and the Heatons (Heaton Chapel, Heaton Mersey, Heaton Moor and Heaton Norris).
Symbols[link]
The Red Rose of Lancaster is a symbol for the House of Lancaster, immortalised in the verse "In the battle for England's head/York was white, Lancaster red" (referring to the 15th century War of the Roses). The traditional Lancashire flag, a red rose on a white field, was never officially registered. When an attempt was made to register it with the Flag Institute it was found that this flag had already been officially registered by the town of Montrose, Scotland, several hundred years earlier with the Lyon Office. As the Flag Institute will not register two flags of the same design (within the UK) Lancashire's official flag is now registered as a red rose on a gold field, but it does not stop it from having the red rose on a white field in some areas in the county.
Sport[link]
Cricket[link]
Lancashire County Cricket Club has been one of the most successful county cricket teams, particularly in the one-day game. It is home to England cricket team members Andrew Flintoff, James Anderson and Sajid Mahmood. Due to changes in the county boundaries, the club's home ground, County Ground, Old Trafford,[42] is now outside the county of Lancashire, being in the metropolitan borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester.
Historically important local cricket leagues include the Lancashire League, the Central Lancashire League and the North Lancashire and Cumbria League, all of which were formed in 1892. These league clubs hire international professional players to play alongside their amateur players.[citation needed]
Since 2000, the designated ECB Premier League[43] for Lancashire has been the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition.
Football[link]
Football in Lancashire is governed by the Lancashire County Football Association. Due to the County Football Associations being aligned roughly along historic county boundaries, the Lancashire County FA contains members which were founded within Lancashire as it was in the late 19th century, but which now lie outside the county borders, such as Manchester United, Liverpool and Everton. However, the Manchester Football Association and Liverpool County Football Association operate in Greater Manchester and Merseyside respectively.[44][45]
The seven professional full-time teams based in Lancashire, as of the start of the 2011/12 season, are:
- Premier League: Blackburn Rovers
- Championship: Blackpool and Burnley
- League One: Preston North End
- League Two: Accrington Stanley and Morecambe
- Conference National: Fleetwood Town
See also: East Lancashire derby and West Lancashire derby
Rugby League[link]
A substantial number of rugby league teams formerly in Lancashire such as St Helens, Wigan, and Warrington now fall under the counties of Merseyside, Greater Manchester, and Cheshire. The county was once the focal point for many of the sport's professional competitions including the Lancashire League competition which ran from 1895 to 1970, and the Lancashire County Cup which was abandoned in 1993. Rugby League has also seen a representative fixture between Lancashire and Yorkshire contested 89 times since its inception in 1895.[46] Currently there are several rugby league teams that are based within the county which include Blackpool Panthers, East Lancashire Lions, Blackpool Sea Eagles, Bamber Bridge, Leyland Warriors, Chorley Panthers, Blackpool Stanley, Blackpool Scorpions and Adlington Rangers.
Archery[link]
There are many archery clubs located within Lancashire.[47] In 2004 Lancashire took the winning title at the Inter-counties championships from Yorkshire who had held it for 7 years.[48]
Wrestling[link]
Lancashire has a long history of wrestling, developing its own style called Lancashire wrestling, with many clubs that over the years have produced many renowned wrestlers.[citation needed] Some of these have crossed over into the mainstream world of professional wrestling, including Billy Riley, Davey Boy Smith, William Regal, Wade Barrett and The Dynamite Kid.[citation needed]
Music[link]
Folk music[link]
Lancashire has a long and highly productive tradition of music making. In the early modern era the county shared in the national tradition of balladry, including perhaps the finest border ballad, "The Ballad of Chevy Chase", thought to have been composed by the Lancashire-born minstrel Richard Sheale.[49] The county was also a common location for folk songs, including "The Lancashire Miller", "Warrington Ale" and "The soldier's farewell to Manchester", while Liverpool, as a major seaport, was the subject of many sea shanties, including "The Leaving of Liverpool" and "Maggie May",[50] beside several local Wassailing songs.[49] In the Industrial Revolution changing social and economic patterns helped create new traditions and styles of folk song, often linked to migration and patterns of work.[51] These included processional dances, often associated with rushbearing or the Wakes Week festivities, and types of step dance, most famously clog dancing.[51][52] A local pioneer of folk song collection in the first half of the 19th century was Shakespearean scholar James Orchard Halliwell,[53] but it was not until the second folk revival in the 20th century that the full range of song from the county, including industrial folk song, began to gain attention.[52] The county produced one of the major figures of the revival in Ewan MacColl, but also a local champion in Harry Boardman, who from 1965 onwards probably did more than anyone to popularise and record the folk song of the county.[54] Perhaps the most influential folk artists to emerge from the region in the late 20th century were Liverpool folk group The Spinners, and from Manchester folk troubadour Roy Harper and musician, comedian and broadcaster Mike Harding.[55][56][57] The region is home to numerous folk clubs, many of them catering to Irish and Scottish folk music. Regular folk festivals include the Fylde Folk Festival at Fleetwood.[58]
Classical music[link]
Lancashire had a lively culture of choral and classical music, with very large numbers of local church choirs from the 17th century,[59] leading to the foundation of local choral societies from the mid-18th century, often particularly focused on performances of the music of Handel and his contemporaries.[60] It also played a major part in the development of brass bands which emerged in the county, particularly in the textile and coalfield areas, in the 19th century.[61] The first open competition for brass bands was held at Manchester in 1853, and continued annually until the 1980s.[62] The vibrant brass band culture of the area made an important contribution to the foundation and staffing of the Hallé orchestra from 1857, the oldest extant professional orchestra in the United Kingdom.[63] The same local musical tradition produced eminent figures such as William Walton (1902–88), son of an Oldham choirmaster and music teacher,[64] Sir Thomas Beecham (1879–1961), born in St. Helens, who began his career by conducting local orchestras[65] and Alan Rawsthorne (1905–71) born in Haslingden.[66] It also produced more populist figures, such as early musical theatre composer Leslie Stuart (1863–1928), born in Southport, who began his musical career as organist of Salford Cathedral.[67] The Royal Manchester College of Music was founded in 1893 to provide a northern counterpart to the London musical colleges. It merged with the Northern College of Music (formed in 1920) to form the Royal Northern College of Music in 1972.[68]
Popular music[link]
Liverpool produced a number of nationally and internationally successful popular singers in the 1950s, including traditional pop stars Frankie Vaughan and Lita Roza, and one of the most successful British rock and roll stars in Billy Fury.[55] Many Lancashire towns had vibrant skiffle scenes in the late 1950s, out of which by the early 1960s a flourishing culture of beat groups began to emerge, particularly around Liverpool and Manchester. It has been estimated that there were around 350 bands active in and around Liverpool in this era, often playing ballrooms, concert halls and clubs, among them The Beatles.[69] After their national success from 1962, a number of Liverpool performers were able to follow them into the charts, including Gerry & The Pacemakers, The Searchers, and Cilla Black. The first act to break through in the UK who were not from Liverpool, or managed by Brian Epstein, were Freddie and the Dreamers, who were based in Manchester,[70] as were Herman's Hermits and The Hollies.[71] Led by The Beatles, beat groups from the region spearheaded the British Invasion of the US, which made a major contribution to the development of rock music.[72] After the decline of beat groups in the late 1960s the centre of rock culture shifted to London and there were relatively few local bands who achieved national prominence until the growth of a disco funk scene and the punk rock revolution in the mid and late 1970s.[73]
Cuisine[link]
Lancashire is the origin of the Lancashire hotpot, a casserole dish traditionally made with lamb. Other traditional foods from the area include:
- Black peas, also known as parched peas: popular in Darwen, Bolton and Preston.
- Bury black pudding has long been associated with the county. The most notable brand, Chadwick's Original Bury Black Puddings, are still sold on Bury Market,[74] and are manufactured in Rossendale.
- Butter Cake: slice of bread and butter.
- Butter pie: a savoury pie containing potatoes, onion and butter. Usually associated with Preston.
- Clapbread: a thin oatcake made from unleavened dough cooked on a griddle.
- Chorley cakes: from the town of Chorley.
- Ducks: faggots as in savoury ducks.
- Fag Pie: pie made from chopped dried figs, sugar and lard. Associated with Blackburn and Burnley where it was the highlight of Fag Pie Sunday (Mid-Lent Sunday).
- Fish and Chips: first fish and chip shop in northern England opened in Mossley near Oldham around 1863.[75]
- Frog-i'-th'-'ole pudding: now known as toad in the hole.
- Frumenty: sweet porridge. Once a popular dish at Lancashire festivals like Christmas and Easter Monday.
- Goosnargh Cakes: Small flat shortbread biscuits with coriander or caraway seeds pressed into the biscuit before baking. Traditionally baked on feast days like Shrove Tuesday.
- Jannock: cake or small loaf of oatmeal. Allegedly introduced to Lancashire (possibly Bolton) by Flemish weavers.
- Lancashire cheese has been made in the county for several centuries.[76] Beacon Fell traditional Lancashire cheese has been awarded EU Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) status.[77]
- Nettle Porridge: a common starvation diet in Lancashire in the early 19th century. Made from boiled stinging nettles with perhaps a handful of meal.
- Ormskirk Gingerbread: local delicacy which were sold all over South Lancashire
- Parkin: a ginger cake with oatmeal.
- Pobs, Pobbies: bread and milk.
- Potato Hotpot, a variation of the Lancashire Hotpot without meat also known as fatherless pie.
- Ran Dan: barley bread. Food of last resort for the poor at the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century.
- Rag Pudding: Traditional Suet Pudding filled with Minced Meat and Onions.
- Sad Cake: A traditional cake, perhaps a variation of the more widely known Chorley cake, once common around Burnley.
- Throdkins: a traditional breakfast food of the Fylde.
- Uncle Joe's Mint Balls are traditional mints produced by Wm Santus & Co. Ltd. in Wigan.
Places of interest[link]
| Key | |
 |
Abbey/Priory/Cathedral |
 |
Accessible open space |
 |
Amusement/Theme Park |
 |
Castle |
 |
Country Park |
 |
English Heritage |
 |
Forestry Commission |
 |
Heritage railway |
 |
Historic House |
 .svg){kind=icon} |
Museum (free/not free) |
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National Trust |
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Theatre |
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Zoo |
The following are places of interest in the ceremonial county:
- Arnside and Silverdale AONB
- Astley Hall
- Bank Hall
- Beacon Fell
- Blackburn Cathedral
- Blackpool Pleasure Beach
- Blackpool Tower
- British Commercial Vehicle Museum, Leyland
- Camelot Theme Park
- Clitheroe Castle
- Darwen Tower
- East Lancashire Railway
- Forest of Bowland: Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
- Gawthorpe Hall, Padiham National Trust
- Harris Museum
- Helmshore Textile Museum
- Hoghton Tower
- Irwell Sculpture Trail
- Lancaster Castle
- Lancaster Cathedral
- Lathom Park Chapel, site of Lathom Hall, seat of the Earls of Derby
- Leighton Moss nature reserve, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
- Martin Mere, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust nature reserve, Burscough
- Morecambe Bay
- Museum of Lancashire
- Pendle Hill
- The Pennines , provide great opportunity for Mountain Biking
- Ribble Steam Railway
- Rufford Old Hall National Trust
- Samlesbury Hall
- St Walburge's Church
- Stonyhurst College – a manor house dating back to 1592, now an English public school, run by the Jesuits
- Towneley Hall, Burnley
- West Lancashire Light Railway
- West Pennine Moors
- Williamson Park and the Ashton Memorial
- Witton Country Park
- Yarrow Valley Park
.png){kind=icon}
-
The Ashton Memorial, Lancaster
-
Rivington Pike, near Horwich, a top of the West Pennine Moors is one of the most popular walking destinations in the county, on a clear day the whole of the county can be viewed from here
-
Bank Hall, Bretherton, a Jacobean mansion house, awaiting restoration. Home to Lancashire's oldest Yew tree and one of the two fallen sequoia in the UK. Open on limited open days arranged by the Bank Hall Action Group.
Filmography[link]
Whistle Down the Wind, 1961, directed by Bryan Forbes and set at the foot of Worsaw Hill and in Burnley, starring local Lancashire schoolchildren.
See also[link]
- Custos Rotulorum of Lancashire - Keepers of the Rolls
- High Sheriff of Lancashire
- Lancashire (UK Parliament constituency) - Historical list of MPs for Lancashire constituency
- Lancashire dialect and accent
- Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire
Notes and references[link]
- ^ "UK Flag Registry". Flaginstitute.org. 2010-07-06. http://www.flaginstitute.org/index.php?location=10. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ Vision of Britain – Lancashire
- ^ Gibb, Robert (2005). Greater Manchester: A panorama of people and places in Manchester and its surrounding towns. Myriad. p. 13. ISBN 1-904736-86-6.
- ^ a b c d George, D., Lancashire, (1991)
- ^ a b c Local Government Act 1972. 1972, c. 70
- ^ http://www.shrievalty-association.org.uk/Lancashire/LancashireHistory.htm
- ^ a b Sylvester (1980). p. 14.
- ^ Morgan (1978). pp.269c–301c,d.
- ^ a b Booth, P. cited in George, D., Lancashire, (1991)
- ^ Harris and Thacker (1987). write on page 252:
Certainly there were links between Cheshire and south Lancashire before 1000, when Wulfric Spot held lands in both territories. Wulfric's estates remained grouped together after his death, when they were left to his brother Aelfhelm, and indeed there still seems to have been some kind of connexion in 1086, when south Lancashire was surveyed together with Cheshire by the Domesday commissioners. Nevertheless, the two territories do seem to have been distinguished from one another in some way and it is not certain that the shire-moot and the reeves referred to in the south Lancashire section of Domesday were the Cheshire ones.
- ^ Phillips and Phillips (2002). pp. 26–31.
- ^ Crosby, A. (1996). writes on page 31:
The Domesday Survey (1086) included south Lancashire with Cheshire for convenience, but the Mersey, the name of which means 'boundary river' is known to have divided the kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia and there is no doubt that this was the real boundary.
- ^ Vision of Britain – Lancashire ancient county divisions
- ^ Berrington, E., Change in British Politics, (1984)
- ^ a b Vision of Britain – Lancashire ancient county boundaries
- ^ Lord Redcliffe-Maud and Bruce Wood. English Local Government Reformed. (1974)
- ^ a b Jones, B. et al., Politics UK, (2004)
- ^ OPSI – The Cheshire, Lancashire and Merseyside (County and Metropolitan Borough Boundaries) Order 1993
- ^ FORL. Retrieved 7 November 2008.[dead link]
- ^ ABC Counties. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
- ^ Vision of Britain – Divisions of Lancashire
- ^ Lancashire County Council – Lancashire districts
- ^ OPSI – The Lancashire (Boroughs of Blackburn and Blackpool) (Structural Change) Order 1996
- ^ Lancashire County Council – Map of Lancashire (Unitary boundaries shown)
- ^ Government Office for the North West – Local Authorities
- ^ BUBL Information Service – The Relative Hills of Britain
- ^ "Administrative (1974) County Tops". Hill-bagging.co.uk. http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/CountyTops1974.php. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "Historic County Tops". Hill-bagging.co.uk. http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/CountyTopsHistoric.php. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ Opening of the new Town-Hall at Preston. The Times. September 15, 1882.
- ^ Lancashire County Council – County Councillors by Area
- ^ The Duchy of Lancaster - Boundary Map[dead link]
- ^ High Sheriffs, The Times, March 21, 1985
- ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- ^ includes hunting and forestry
- ^ includes energy and construction
- ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
- ^ Transport for Lancashire – Lancashire Inter Urban Bus and Rail Map (PDF)[dead link]
- ^ A Vision of Britain through time, Lancashire Modern (post 1974) County: Total Population, http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/data_cube_page.jsp?data_theme=T_POP&data_cube=N_TOT_POP&u_id=10097848&c_id=10001043&add=N, retrieved 2010-01-10
- ^ Vision of Britain – Lancashire boundaries 1974
- ^ Chandler, J., Local Government Today, (2001)
- ^ a b Youngs. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume 2. Northern England.
- ^ "LCCC contact details". Lccc.co.uk. 2009-01-16. http://www.lccc.co.uk/index.php?p=contact. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "List of ECB Premier Leagues". Ecb.co.uk. http://www.ecb.co.uk/news/non-first-class/premier-leagues/premier-leagues,1443,BP.html. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "Manchester FA | About Us". Manchesterfa.com. http://www.manchesterfa.com/AboutUs/. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "Liverpool FA | About Us". Liverpoolfa.com. http://www.liverpoolfa.com/AboutUs/. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ http://www.rugbyleaguehonours.co.uk/roses.html
- ^ "Archery clubs in Lancashire". Lancashire-archery.org.uk. http://www.lancashire-archery.org.uk/. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ "Bowmen of Skelmersdale". Bowmen of Skelmersdale. http://www.bowmenofskelmersdale.co.uk/. Retrieved 2010-09-25.
- ^ a b D. Gregory, '"The Songs of the People for Me: The Victorian Rediscovery of Lancashire Vernacular Song', Canadian Folk Music/Musique folklorique canadienne, 40 (2006), pp. 12–21.
- ^ J. Shepherd, D. Horn, and D. Laing, Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World (London: Continuum, 2003), ISBN 0-8264-7436-5, p. 360.
- ^ a b Lancashire Folk, http://www.lancashirefolk.co.uk/Morris_Information.htm, retrieved 16/02/09.
- ^ a b G. Boyes, The Imagined Village: Culture, Ideology, and the English Folk Revival (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993), 0-71902-914-7, p. 214.
- ^ E. D. Gregory, Victorian Songhunters: the Recovery and Editing of English Vernacular Ballads and Folk Lyrics, 1820–1883 (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2006), ISBN 0-8108-5703-0, p. 248.
- ^ Folk North West, http://www.folknorthwest.co.uk/harry_boardman.htm, retrieved 16/02/09.
- ^ a b P. Frame, Pete Frame's Rockin' Around Britain: Rock'n'Roll Landmarks of the UK and Ireland (London: Music Sales Group, 1999), ISBN 0-7119-6973-6, pp. 72–6.
- ^ J, C. Falstaff, 'Roy Harper Longest Running Underground Act', Dirty Linen, 50 (Feb/Mar '94), http://www.dirtylinen.com/feature/50harper.html, 16/02/09.
- ^ S. Broughton, M. Ellingham and R. Trillo, World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East (Rough Guides, 1999), ISBN 1-85828-635-2, p. 67.
- ^ 'Festivals', Folk and Roots, http://www.folkandroots.co.uk/festivals.html, retrieved 08/01/09.
- ^ R. Cowgill and P. Holman, Music in the British Provinces, 1690–1914 (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007), ISBN 0-7546-3160-5, p. 207.
- ^ R. Southey, Music-Making in North-East England During the Eighteenth Century (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2006), ISBN 0-7546-5097-9, pp. 131–2.
- ^ D. Russell, Popular Music in England, 1840–1914: a Social History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), ISBN 0-7190-2361-0, p. 163.
- ^ A. Baines, The Oxford Companion to Musical Instruments (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), ISBN 0-19-311334-1, p. 41.
- ^ D. Russell, Popular Music in England, 1840–1914: a Social History (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987), ISBN 0-7190-2361-0, p. 230.
- ^ D. Clark and J. Staines, Rough Guide to Classical Music (Rough Guides, 3rd edn., 2001), ISBN 1-85828-721-9, p. 568.
- ^ L. Jenkins, While Spring and Summer Sang: Thomas Beecham and the Music of Frederick Delius (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, 2005), ISBN 0-7546-0721-6, p. 1.
- ^ J. McCabe, Alan Rawsthorne: Portrait of a Composer (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), ISBN 0-19-816693-1.
- ^ A. Lamb, Leslie Stuart: Composer of Floradora (London: Routledge, 2002), ISBN 0-415-93747-7.
- ^ M. Kennedy, The History of the Royal Manchester College of Music, 1893–1972 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1971), ISBN 0-7190-0435-7.
- ^ A. H. Goldman, The Lives of John Lennon (A Capella, 2001), ISBN 1-55652-399-8, p. 92.
- ^ "'Dreamers' star Freddie Garrity dies" Daily Telegraph, 20 May 2006. Retrieved 1 August 2007.
- ^ V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X, p. 532.
- ^ V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, WI: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X, pp. 1316–7.
- ^ S. Cohen, Rock Culture in Liverpool: Popular Music in the Making (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991), ISBN 0-19-816178-6, p. 14.
- ^ Keating, Sheila (11 June 2005). "Food detective: Bury black pudding". The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/article1080357.ece. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- ^ History of fish and chips[dead link]
- ^ "Lancashire Cheese History". Lancashire Cheese Makers. http://www.lancashirecheese.com/history.htm. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
- ^ "EU Protected Food Names Scheme: Beacon Fell traditional Lancashire cheese". Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/food/industry/regional/foodname/products/registered/beacon.htm. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
Bibliography[link]
- Crosby, A. (1996). A History of Cheshire. (The Darwen County History Series.) Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-932-4.
- Harris, B. E., and Thacker, A. T. (1987). The Victoria History of the County of Chester. (Volume 1: Physique, Prehistory, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Domesday). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-722761-9.
- Morgan, P. (1978). Domesday Book Cheshire: Including Lancashire, Cumbria, and North Wales. Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-140-4.
- Phillips A. D. M., and Phillips, C. B. (2002), A New Historical Atlas of Cheshire. Chester, UK: Cheshire County Council and Cheshire Community Council Publications Trust. ISBN 0-904532-46-1.
- Sylvester, D. (1980). A History of Cheshire. (The Darwen County History Series). (2nd Edition.) London and Chichester, Sussex: Phillimore & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-85033-384-9.
Further reading[link]
- Farrer and Brownbill, The Victoria history of the county of Lancaster Vol 1 (1906); Vol 2 (1908); Vol 3 (1907); Vol 4 (1911); Vol 5 (1911); Vol 6 (1911); Vol 7 (1911); London: Constable.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lancashire |
- Lancashire On Line Parish Clerk an active project to transcribe and publish records of Births, Marriages and Deaths in Lancashire from the time records began in Edward VIths reign
- Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 (of 2), by John Roby
- Lancashire Lantern, The Lancashire Life and Times E-Resource network
- Website of the film 'Catch - the hold not taken', a look at the cultural significance of wrestling in Lancashire
- Lancashire County Council – MARIO (Mapping portal)
- Map of Lancashire
- Government Office for the North West
- North West Regional Minister
- Lancashire Online Forums
Coordinates: 53°48′N 2°36′W / 53.8°N 2.6°W / 53.8; -2.6
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancashire
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| Sarah Lancashire | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1964-10-10) 10 October 1964 (age 47) Oldham, Lancashire, England |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1988-present |
| Spouse | Peter Salmon (2001-present) Gary Hargreaves (1985-1995) |
Sarah Lancashire (born 10 October 1964 in Oldham, Lancashire) is an English actress, probably best recognised for her role as Raquel Watts in Coronation Street. She graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1986.
Contents |
Television[link]
Lancashire's first recurring television role is still her best known. She played barmaid Raquel Watts in the ITV1 soap opera Coronation Street from 1991 to 1996, reappearing for one last episode in 1999. Raquel was a sweet, if somewhat dippy character, who was a firm favourite with viewers of the long running show. She had previously appeared on the programme in November 1987 playing Wendy Farmer.
After leaving Coronation Street, rather than struggle to find work in other shows after playing such a well known character (a fate that has befallen many soap opera actors), Lancashire worked in a number of high profile series. From 1997 to 1999 she played Ruth Goddard in the ITV1 drama series Where The Heart Is, and in 1999 she appeared in the BBC sitcom Murder Most Horrid, which also starred comedienne Dawn French.
Lancashire has appeared in the BBC Radio 4 legal sitcom Chambers which later moved onto television. In 2000, she starred in the drama Seeing Red, portraying actress Coral Atkins, who founded a care home for children. and won two British television industry awards as a result. In 2001 she went on to star in the acclaimed BBC drama series Clocking Off, a role that saw her win the Best Actress award at the Television and Radio Industry Club Awards. Lancashire has continued to work regularly since, notably in a BBC drama portraying Angela Cannings, a British woman who was convicted of killing her two baby sons but was released when medical evidence given at her trial was deemed dubious. She has recently appeared in two series of the ITV1 drama series Rose and Maloney.
In 2002, she played the role of Meg Bartlet in the psychological thriller tele-movie The Cry. Her character Meg, a social worker grieving the stillbirth of her daughter, befriends a woman called Christine whose baby daughter Eleanor suffers from breathing problems. Gradually, Meg becomes convinced the child is being abused and eventually abducts her after the claims make headline news. Changing her car and appearance and using the name Annie Lomax, she heads to Cheshire where Christine used to live, determined to prove that Eleanor's mother is guilty of abuse.
In September 2006, she starred in a BBC comedy drama Angel Cake, and in 2007 she played Mary Miles in the E4 teen Comedy/Drama Skins. In April 2008, she appeared in "Partners in Crime", the opening episode of the 2008 series of Doctor Who, as "Miss Foster, an enigmatic and powerful businesswoman".[1] She also narrates the BBC drama series Lark Rise to Candleford. Filmed in August to December 2008, Lancashire stars in All the Small Things alongside Neil Pearson and Richard Fleeshman. She plays Esther Caddick, a full-time mother and choir member in the short TV series Heart and Soul.[2]
In Spring 2010 Lancashire portrayed the mother of murdered prostitute Anneli Alderton in the BBC Drama Five Daughters At a time,she was listed as the highest paid actress in British television.
Stage[link]
On 5 December 2005, she returned to the West End stage to play Miss Adelaide in the Donmar Warehouse production of Guys and Dolls at the Piccadilly Theatre. Her taking over from Jane Krakowski coincided with Nigel Harman's taking over of the role of Sky Masterson from Ewan McGregor. Lancashire suffered a reported chest infection and was forced to leave the production officially on 7 February 2006 having not performed since the matinee performance on 4 January 2006.
Lancashire's last role to date was that of Joyce Chilvers in the new Cameron Macintosh production of Betty Blue Eyes, which ran in the Novello Theatre in London until September 2011.
Directing and presenting[link]
In 2005, Lancashire made her directorial debut on an episode of the BBC series The Afternoon Play and was nominated for the Best New Director award at the BAFTA television awards.
In 2006 she presented an edition of the Five documentary social heritage series Disappearing Britain in which she interviewed people with memories of Wakes Week holidays in Blackpool by Cotton mill workers in the early 20th Century. It included an investigation of her own family history and holidays by her great grandfather Tom Lancashire in Llandudno.
Personal life[link]
Lancashire is the daughter of the television scriptwriter Geoffrey Lancashire (1933–2004), who wrote several hundred episodes of Coronation Street. She is married to the television producer Peter Salmon, with whom she has a son. She also has two sons from a previous marriage.
References[link]
- ^ "Sarah Clocks On". Doctor Who – News. bbc.co.uk. 10 October 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/doctorwho/news/cult/news/drwho/2007/10/10/49751.shtml. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ "All The Small Things press pack: Sarah Lancashire plays Esther Caddick". BBC Press Release. 2009-02-27. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2009/02_february/27/smallthings3.shtml. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lancashire, Sarah |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 10 October 1964 |
| Place of birth | Oldham, Lancashire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sarah_Lancashire
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Sarah Lancashire
http://nl.wn.com/Sarah Lancashire
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Lancashire
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Barry Anderson Richards | |||
| Born | (1945-07-21) 21 July 1945 (age 66) Durban, Natal Province, Union of South Africa |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right arm off break | |||
| Role | Batsman | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | South Africa | |||
| Test debut (cap 234) | 22 January 1970 v Australia | |||
| Last Test | 5 March 1970 v Australia | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1964 – 1983 | Natal | |||
| 1968 – 1978 | Hampshire | |||
| 1970 – 1971 | South Australia | |||
| 1965 | Gloucestershire | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Tests | FC | LA | |
| Matches | 4 | 339 | 233 | |
| Runs scored | 508 | 28358 | 8506 | |
| Batting average | 72.57 | 54.74 | 40.12 | |
| 100s/50s | 2/2 | 80/152 | 16/50 | |
| Top score | 140 | 356 | 155* | |
| Balls bowled | 72 | 6126 | 270 | |
| Wickets | 1 | 77 | 7 | |
| Bowling average | 26.00 | 37.48 | 26.42 | |
| 5 wickets in innings | – | 1 | 0 | |
| 10 wickets in match | – | 0 | n/a | |
| Best bowling | 1/12 | 7/63 | 2/8 | |
| Catches/stumpings | 3/– | 367/– | 106/– | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 21 March 2008 | ||||
Barry Anderson Richards (born 21 July 1945) is a former South African batsman. A right-handed "talent of such enormous stature", Richards is considered one of South Africa's most successful cricketers.[1][2] He was able to play only four Test matches - all against Australia - before South Africa's exclusion from the international scene in 1970. Even in that brief career, against a competitive Australian attack, Richards scored 508 runs at the high average of 72.57. Richards' contribution in that series was instrumental in the 4-0 win that South Africa inflicted on the side, captained by Bill Lawry. His first century, 140, was scored in conjunction with Graeme Pollock's 274 in a famous 103-run partnership.[1]
With such limited international exposure, Richards plied his trade in first class cricket between 1964 and 1983, becoming a prolific batsman with 28,358 runs. He scored 80 centuries, including a best of 356, at an overall average of 54.74. He also scored 8,506 one day runs, with 16 further centuries. Wisden Cricketer of the Year for 1969, Richards scored runs for Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Natal, South Australia, Transvaal and in World Series Cricket, and has been described as "one of the finest talents of the 20th century" further to which "the merest suggestion that he does not belong among the definitive all-time greats will spark violence in most bars in South Africa."[1][2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Richards was born in Durban, Natal Province, Union of South Africa and attended Clifton Preparatory School and the Durban High School and for many years played club cricket for DHS Old Boys' Club. He played in the Natal Nuffield week side from 1961 to 1964, and for South African schools from 1962 to 1964, scoring a century against the Western Province first class team. The national selectors had their eyes on him early, and he played for a South African Colts XI against the touring MCC side in 1964-65, scoring 63, and later in the tour for an Invitation XI. When the Australians toured in 1966-67, he scored 107 in 160 minutes for a strong South African XI against them before the First Test, but despite several failures by the top-order batsmen in the Test series, he was unable to break into the national side.
County Cricket[link]
Richards was a prolific scorer in county cricket for many years for Hampshire. He scored 2395 runs in his first season, 1968, more than anybody else in the country. From 1970, Richards established one of the most successful opening partnerships for that county, along with West Indian batsman Gordon Greenidge. In June 1973 he walked out to open Hampshire's innings with Gordon Greenidge during a John Player League match against Sussex in Portsmouth with a bright orange bat as part of a marketing ploy. The MCC quickly banned the innovation.
Sheffield Shield[link]
In 1970-71, as an overseas player for South Australia, Richards scored 325 runs in a single day against Western Australia off an attack that included Dennis Lillee, Graham McKenzie, Tony Lock and Tony Mann.[3] In that season he hit 1538 runs in 10 matches at an average of 109.86.
Currie Cup/SuperSport Series[link]
Returning home to play for Natal in the next 4 seasons, he scored heavily in the Currie Cup, 1089 runs in (1971–72), 1064 runs in (1972–73), 898 runs in (1973–74) and 868 runs in (1975–76). Richards is the only player to have scored a 1000 runs in a Currie Cup season, each season consisting of only 8 matches.
Amongst his other achievements was scoring 155 not out in a score of 215-3 off 40 overs in the John Player League v Yorkshire County Cricket Club at Hull on 7 June 1970. This achievement was put into further perspective when Yorkshire replied with 74-9 off their 40 overs.[4]
Other International ventures[link]
He did have the opportunity for international cricket in World Series Cricket in the winters of 1977-78 and 1978-79 in Australia playing 5 Supertests for the World XI scoring 554 runs in 5 matches. This included two centuries including 207 scored v WSC Australia on 27 January 1978 at Gloucester Park, Perth.[5]
In South Africa, Richards was player of the year in 1968. He also played for South Africa in 6 unofficial "Tests", captaining the team twice. In 1984 he came out of retirement to play against the rebel West Indian touring team in South Africa. Trevor Bisseker wrote this:[citation needed]
"Playing at Newlands, he held the stadium enthralled for an hour, as he simply carved up everything that was delivered at him. He played with all the time in the world and the decisive quality of a master craftsman at work. Alas the spell was broken. His concentration seem to snap and the inevitable end came. That innings put Richards into his right perspective. He was the closest thing to an insurance policy against defeat that anybody could take out. Certainly, if somebody had to bat for one's life, one would choose Richards ahead of the other world greats of the 1970s, and that includes his illustrious West Indian namesake and Graeme Pollock."
Later life and career[link]
He is set to become the president of Hampshire, following the death of incumbent Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie.[6]
For a number of seasons he commentated for the South African Broadcasting Corporation as well as South Africa's MNet Supersport, before parting ways after a dispute. He has also commentated in the UK for Test Match Special, Channel 4 and Five.
Richards was chosen by Dickie Bird in his autobiography as a member of his Dream team, from all players he ever saw. Richards was also chosen by Sir Don Bradman as a member of his 20th century team as an opening batsman.
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c Manthorp, Neil. "Player Profile: Barry Richards". CricInfo. http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/46982.html. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
- ^ a b "Barry, Biff, Bruce and Bunter". CricInfo. November 19, 2009. http://www.cricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/434888.html. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
- ^ Scorecard
- ^ Scorecard v Yorkshire 1970
- ^ Scorecard v WSC Australia 1977-78
- ^ Richards set for Hants presidency
External links[link]
|
|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Richards, Barry |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | South African cricketer |
| Date of birth | 21 July 1945 |
| Place of birth | Durban |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Barry_Richards
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Richards
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Wiki Summary
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
