- published: 01 Nov 2008
- views: 948724
- author: nyrainbow4
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
More Videos
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Alameda Creek
- Alameda Island
- Alameda, California
- Alamo, California
- Albany Bulb
- Albany, California
- Albert Bierstadt
- Alcatraz
- Alcatraz Island
- Alhambra Creek
- Americas
- Antioch Bridge
- Antioch, California
- Ashland, California
- Atherton, California
- Bair Island
- Baxter Creek
- Bay Farm Island
- Bay mud
- Beaufort scale
- Belmont, California
- Belvedere Island
- Benicia, California
- Berkeley Marina
- Berkeley, California
- Bodega Bay
- Brine shrimp
- Brooks Island
- Brother Islands
- Calaveras Reservoir
- California
- California halibut
- Campbell, California
- Carquinez Bridge
- Carquinez Strait
- Castro Creek
- Castro Rocks
- Cerrito Creek
- Cetacean
- Clayton, California
- Clipper Yacht Harbor
- Coast Guard Island
- Coast Ranges
- Codornices Creek
- Concord, California
- Container ship
- Cordelia Slough
- Coyote Point Park
- Crissy Field
- César Chávez Park
- Danville, California
- Dawn and Delta
- Delta and Dawn
- Delta smelt
- Dike (construction)
- Dixon, California
- Drainage basin
- Drakes Bay
- Dredging
- Dublin, California
- Dungeness crab
- Earthquake
- East Asia
- Eastshore State Park
- Ecology
- Ellis Island
- Endangered species
- Estuary
- Europe
- Fairview, California
- Fisheries
- Fluvius Innominatus
- Foster City Marina
- Fremont, California
- Fruitvale Bridge
- Garrity Creek
- Gaspar de Portolà
- Gilroy, California
- Gold rush
- Golden Gate
- Golden Gate Bridge
- Greenbelt Alliance
- Grizzly Bay
- Guadalupe Watershed
- Habitat (ecology)
- Harbor
- Harbor porpoise
- Harold Gilliam
- Hayward Fault
- Hayward, California
- Hercules, California
- Hoffman Marsh
- Humphrey the Whale
- Hydraulic mining
- Ice age
- J.C. Barthel
- Japan
- Juan de Ayala
- Kaiser Shipyards
- Kamchatka Peninsula
- Karlson Creek
- Key System
- Kitesurfing
- Lake Berryessa
- Lake Merritt
- Larkspur, California
- Leimert Bridge
- Mare Island
- Marin Creek
- Marin Islands
- Marina District
- Marincello
- Maritime pilot
- Martinez, California
- Meeker Slough
- Mercury (element)
- Mexican-American War
- Mexico
- Millbrae, California
- Milpitas, California
- Monterey, California
- Moraga, California
- Mount Tamalpais
- Mountain
- Mowry Slough
- MSC Fabiola
- MSC Venezia
- Mt. Diablo
- Napa River
- Napa Sonoma Marsh
- Napa, California
- Newark, California
- Novato Creek
- Novato, California
- Oakland Estuary
- Oakland Long Wharf
- Oakland, California
- Oakley, California
- Oil spill
- Oncorhynchus
- Orinda, California
- Pacheco Creek
- Pacific Flyway
- Pacific Ocean
- Pacifica, California
- Petaluma River
- Petaluma, California
- Phytoplankton
- Piedmont, California
- Pinole Creek
- Pinole, California
- Point Conception
- Point Molate Marsh
- Port of Oakland
- Port of Redwood City
- PubMed Identifier
- Raccoon Strait
- Reber Plan
- Red Rock Island
- Refugio Creek
- Rheem Creek
- Richardson Bay
- Richmond Shipyards
- Richmond, California
- River
- RMS Queen Mary 2
- Rodeo Creek
- Roe Island
- Runway
- Ryer Island
- Sacramento River
- Salt marsh
- San Andreas Fault
- San Francisco
- San Francisco Bay
- San Francisco fog
- San Joaquin River
- San Jose, California
- San Leandro Bay
- San Leandro Creek
- San Lorenzo Creek
- San Pablo Bay
- San Pablo Creek
- San Rafael Bay
- San Rafael Creek
- Saratoga, California
- Save The Bay
- Seal Islands
- Seal Slough
- Sediment
- Shoals
- Shorebird
- Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
- Silicon Valley
- Slickens
- Sonoma Creek
- Sonoma, California
- Spain
- Species
- Standard Oil
- Stanford, California
- Stege Marsh
- Strawberry Creek
- Suisun Bay
- Suisun Marsh
- Suspension bridge
- Sweeney Ridge
- Template SF Bay Area
- The Bay Institute
- Thicktail chub
- Tolay Creek
- Tomales Bay
- Transbay Tube
- United States
- United States Army
- United States Navy
- Urban Creeks Council
- Vallejo, California
- Waterfowl
- Westpoint Slough
- Wetland
- Wetlands
- Wind surfing
- Windsor, California
- Windsurfing
- Yacht racing
- Yachting
- Yerba Buena Island
-
Alemany Boulevard
Alemany Boulevard is an east–west street in San Francisco, California. The boulevard was named for Archbishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany, the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco.
It starts at Bayshore Boulevard near the Alemany Maze (the intersection of Interstate 280 and U.S. 101). The eastbound and westbound lanes split beneath the interchange, allowing for access ramps to US-101 from the middle. This configuration is referred to as the Alemany Circle. To the west, the road again splits into two carriageways, with I-280 running in the middle. At Congdon Street, the two carriageways merge. After passing under Mission Street, Alemany continues south and traverses the Excelsior District, running south of I280. Between Brotherhood Boulevard and San Jose Avenue, Alemany runs one-way eastbound, with westbound traffic crossing under 280 and through Sagamore Street, meeting up with Alemany again. It continues west and ends at Junipero Serra Boulevard (State Route 1), which provides access to John Daly Boulevard and I-280.
wn.com/Alemany_Boulevard -
Antelope Valley
Antelope Valley is located in northern Los Angeles County, California and the southeast portion of Kern County, California, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi and the San Gabriel Mountains.
The valley was named for the pronghorns that are said to have roamed there until being eliminated by hunters and bad weather in the 1880s. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.
Shaped like a sideways letter "V", the Antelope Valley comprises the western tip of the Mojave Desert, opening up to the Victor Valley and the Great Basin to the east. Lying north of the San Gabriel Mountains and southeast of the Tehachapis, this desert ecosystem spans approximately 2,200 square miles (5,698 km2). Precipitation in the surrounding mountain ranges contributes to groundwater recharge.
wn.com/Antelope_Valley -
Area code 415
North American Area code 415 is the Californian telephone area code for San Francisco and its northern suburbs (across the Golden Gate Bridge).
415 was one of the original three area codes in California, established in 1947. It originally covered central California, south of area code 916 and north of area code 213.
In 1950 its boundaries were realigned: area 916 was reduced to the north-eastern corner of the state and 415 was extended along the north coast to the Oregon border.
For a short time in the early 1950s, area code 318 was temporarily used by customers in Englewood, New Jersey participating in the first customer direct distance dialing experiment to reach San Francisco as well as some areas north of the Golden Gate.
Area 415 has been split three times:
Coordinates: 38°00′N 122°36′W / 38°N 122.6°W / 38; -122.6
wn.com/Area_code_415 -
Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
wn.com/Atlanta -
Baghdad
Baghdad (Arabic: بغداد, Baġdād, IPA: [bæɣˈdæːd]) is the capital of Republic of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Province. The population of Baghdad as of 2011 is approximately 7,216,040, making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab World (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).
Located along the Tigris River, the city was founded in the 8th century and became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Within a short time of its inception, Baghdad evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center for the Islamic World. This in addition to housing several key academic institutions (e.g. House of Wisdom) garnered the city a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Throughout the High Middle Ages, Baghdad was considered to be the largest city in the world with an estimated population of 1,200,000 people. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centuries due to frequent plagues and multiple successive empires. With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1938, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture.
wn.com/Baghdad -
Baker Beach
Baker Beach is a public beach on the peninsula of San Francisco, California, U.S.. The beach lies on the shore of the Pacific Ocean to the northwest of the city. It is roughly a half mile (800 m) long, beginning just south of Golden Gate Point (where the Golden Gate Bridge connects with the peninsula), extending southward toward the Seacliff peninsula, the Palace of the Legion of Honor and the Sutro Baths. The northern section of Baker Beach is "frequented by clothing-optional sunbathers". As such it is considered a nude beach.
Baker Beach is part of the Presidio, which was a military base from the founding of San Francisco by the Spanish in 1812 until 1997. In 1904, it was fortified with disappearing gun installations known as Battery Chamberlin, which can still be viewed today. When the Presidio was decommissioned as a U.S. Army base, it became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which is administered by the National Park Service.
From 1986 to 1990, the north end of Baker Beach was the original site of the Burning Man art festival. In 1990, park police allowed participants to raise the traditional large statue but not to set it on fire, since the beach enforces a limit on the size of any campfires. Subsequent Burning Man events have taken place in Black Rock Desert, Nevada.
wn.com/Baker_Beach -
Balmy Alley
Balmy Alley is the location of the most concentrated collection of murals in the city of San Francisco. Located in the south central portion of the Inner Mission District between 24th Street and Garfield Square.
The project to install murals in Balmy Alley has been described, along with San Diego's Chicano Park and Los Angeles' Estrada Courts, as a leading example Chicano/a mural environments giving expression to a history of displacement and marginalization traditionally experienced by Mexican and Chicano/a of the United States, and as a means to reclaim the spaces historically denied to them. The murals of Balmy Alley date to 1972, as work of the two woman team of Patricia Rodriquez and Graciela Carillo known as Las Mujeres Muralistas. A further project for this space began in 1984 spearheaded by Ray Patlan to install murals throughout the alley with the common theme of a celebration of indigenous Central American cultures and as protest of US intervention in Central America. This culminated in the addition of twenty seven murals during the summer of 1985, funded in part by a grant of $2,500 from the Zellerbach Foundation. This art project proved influential, inspiring the La Lucha Continua Art Park/La Lucha Mural Park in New York City the following year.
wn.com/Balmy_Alley -
Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
wn.com/Baltimore -
Bandung
Bandung (pronounced [banˈduŋ]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, the country's third largest city, and second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 meters (2,520 ft) above sea level, approximately 140 km south eastern of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler temperatures year-round than most other Indonesian cities. The city lies on a river basin surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason for the Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first established tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth century, and a road was constructed to connect the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The Dutch inhabitants of the city demanded establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906, and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened, hence the city was nicknamed Parijs van Java (Dutch: "The Paris of Java").
wn.com/Bandung -
Bangalore
Bangalore /ˈbæŋɡəlɔər/, also rendered Bengaluru,[needs IPA] is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City for its gardens and parks and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and fifth-most populous urban agglomeration. Bangalore is well known as a hub for India's information technology sector. It is among the top 10 preferred entrepreneurial locations in the world.
A succession of South Indian dynasties ruled the region of Bangalore until in 1537 AD Kempe Gowda—a feudatory ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire—established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. Following transitory occupation by Maratha and Mughal, the city remained under the Mysore kingdom. Bangalore continued to be a cantonment of the British and a major city of the Princely State of Mysore which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the British Raj. Following the independence of India in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of Mysore state, and later Karnataka.
wn.com/Bangalore -
Bangkok
Bangkok is the capital city of and largest urban area in Thailand. It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (กรุงเทพมหานคร, pronounced [krūŋ tʰêːp máhǎː nákʰɔ̄ːn] (
listen)) or simply Krung Thep ( listen), meaning "city of angels". Bangkok is by far the most densely populated city in Thailand with about 12 million people. Bangkok was a small trading post near the mouth of the Chao Phraya River during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century. It eventually grew in size and became the site of two capital cities: Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782.
Because of its strategic location in Southeast Asia, Siam (later Thailand) acted as a buffer-zone between the French and British colonial empires. Bangkok itself has gained a reputation as an independent, dynamic and influential city. Bangkok is the political, social and economic centre of Thailand, and one of the leading cities in Southeast Asia.
Due to the 1980s and 1990s Asian investment boom, many multinational corporations make their regional headquarters in Bangkok and the city is a regional force in finance and business. Its increasing influence on global politics, culture, fashion and entertainment underlines its status as an Alpha global city. In 2009, it was the second most expensive city in South-East Asia behind Singapore. The city's many cultural landmarks and attractions in addition to its nightlife venues has made it synonymous with exoticism. Its rapid modernization, reflected in the cityscape and the urban society, has left untouched the historic Grand Palace, Wat Arun, Vimanmek Palace Complex and hundreds of Buddhist temples draw about 10 million international visitors each year, second only to London.
wn.com/Bangkok -
Bank of America
Coordinates: 35°13′36.41″N 80°50′33.57″E / 35.2267806°N 80.8426583°E / 35.2267806; 80.8426583
Bank of America Corporation is an American multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is the second-largest bank holding company in the United States by assets. Bank of America serves clients in more than 150 countries and has a relationship with 99% of the U.S. Fortune 500 companies and 83% of the Fortune Global 500. The company is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and a component of both the S&P 500 Index and the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
As of 2010, Bank of America is the fifth-largest company in the United States by total revenue, as well as the third-largest non-oil company in the U.S. (after Walmart and General Electric). In 2010, Forbes listed Bank of America as the 3rd biggest company in the world.
The bank's 2008 acquisition of Merrill Lynch made Bank of America the world's largest wealth management corporation and a major player in the investment banking market.
wn.com/Bank_of_America -
Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
wn.com/Beijing -
Belden Place
Belden Place is a narrow alley in the Financial District of San Francisco, California that serves as the hub of the city's small French American community.
Locally the street is sometimes called Belden Lane, Belden Alley, or Belden Street. The surrounding neighborhood, which includes adjacent alleys and several blocks of Bush Street, is sometimes, though not universally, referred to as San Francisco's French Quarter for its historic ties to early French immigrants, and its popular contemporary French restaurants and institutions.
The area was home to San Francisco's first French settlers. Approximately 3,000, sponsored by the French government, arrived near the end of the Gold Rush in 1851. According to historian Gladys Hansen, the French shared Dupont Street (now Grant Avenue) with early Chinese settlers during the early days of Chinatown, and were more sympathetic than others to their concerns. French novelist Alexandre Dumas, père, in his 1852 first-person account A Gil Blas in California, describes local Chinese cooks experimenting with French cuisine. The enclave persisted, despite subsequent waves of Chinese, Italian, Irish, and other immigrants to the area.
wn.com/Belden_Place -
Big Sur
Big Sur is a sparsely populated region of the Central Coast of California where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean. The name "Big Sur" is derived from the original Spanish-language "el sur grande", meaning "the big south", or from "el país grande del sur", "the big country of the south". The terrain offers stunning views, making Big Sur a popular tourist destination. Big Sur's Cone Peak is the highest coastal mountain in the contiguous 48 states, ascending nearly a mile (5,155 feet/1571 m) above sea level, only three miles (4.8 km) from the ocean.
Although Big Sur has no specific boundaries, many definitions of the area include the 90 miles (140 km) of coastline from the Carmel River south to the San Carpoforo Creek, and extend about 20 miles (32 km) inland to the eastern foothills of the Santa Lucias. Other sources limit the eastern border to the coastal flanks of these mountains, only three to 12 miles (19 km) inland. Another practical definition of the region is the segment of California State Route 1 between San Simeon and Carmel.
wn.com/Big_Sur -
Bodega Bay
Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States. It is approximately 5 mi (8 km) across and is located approximately 40 mi (60 km) northwest of San Francisco and 20 mi (32 km) west of Santa Rosa. The bay straddles the boundary between Sonoma County to the north and Marin County to the south.
Bodega Bay is protected on its north end from the Pacific Ocean by Bodega Head, which shelters the small Bodega Harbor and is separated from the main bay by a jetty. The San Andreas Fault runs parallel to the coastline and bisects Bodega Head, which lies on the Pacific Plate; the town is on the North American Plate. The village of Bodega Bay sits on the east side of Bodega Harbor. The bay connects on its south end to the mouth of Tomales Bay.
Streams flowing into Bodega Bay include the Estero de San Antonio and the Estero Americano. Accessible beaches on Bodega Bay include Doran Regional Park (on the jetty) and Pinnacle Gulch. Apart from the harbor, all of Bodega Bay lies within the boundaries of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.
wn.com/Bodega_Bay -
Bogotá
Bogotá, Distrito Capital (Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] ( listen)), from 1991 to 2000 called Santafé de Bogotá, is the capital, and largest city, of Colombia. It is also designated by the national constitution as the capital of the department of Cundinamarca, even though the city of Bogotá now comprises an independent Capital district and no longer belongs administratively to that department. Bogotá is the most populous city in the country, with 7.363.782 inhabitants as of 2010. Bogotá and its metropolitan area, which includes municipalities such as Chía, Cota, Soacha, Cajicá and La Calera, had a population of 7,881,156 in 2005.
In terms of land area, Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, and one of the biggest of Latin America. It figures amongst the thirty largest cities of the world and it is the third-highest capital city in South America (after La Paz and Quito) at 2,625 metres (8,612 ft) above sea level. With its many universities and libraries, Bogotá has become known as "The Athens of South America". Bogotá owns the largest moorland of the world, which is located in the Sumapaz Locality. The city ranked 54th in the 2010 Global Cities Index and is listed as global city of the Beta+ kind by the GaWC.
wn.com/Bogotá -
Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ ( listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
wn.com/Boston -
Cairo
Cairo ( /ˈkaɪroʊ/ KYE-roh; Arabic: القاهرة al-Qāhira, literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror"), is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Located near the Nile Delta, it was founded in the year 969 A.D. making it 1,043 years old. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life. Cairo was founded by the Fatimid dynasty in the 10th century AD.; but the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the ancient cities of Memphis, Giza and Fustat which are nearby to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids of Giza.
Egyptians today often refer to Cairo as Maṣr (Arabic: مصر), the Arabic pronunciation of the name for Egypt itself, emphasizing the city's continued role in Egyptian influence. Cairo has the oldest and largest film and music industries in the Arab World, as well as the world's second-oldest institution of higher learning, al-Azhar University. Many international media, businesses, and organizations have regional headquarters in the city, and the Arab League has had its headquarters in Cairo for most of its existence.
wn.com/Cairo -
California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
wn.com/California -
Carquinez Strait
The Carquinez Strait is a narrow tidal strait in northern California. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain into the San Francisco Bay. The strait connects Suisun Bay, which receives the waters of the combined rivers, with San Pablo Bay, a northern extension of the San Francisco Bay.
In 1985, an errant humpback whale swam up the Carquinez Strait as far as Rio Vista. Named Humphrey the whale by the media, he was successfully turned around and rescued by The Marine Mammal Center and other volunteers.
The USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193) was moored for many years at the eastern end of the strait.
Carquinez Strait Powerline Crossing was the world's first powerline crossing of a large river.
The strait forms part of the border between Solano (to the north) and Contra Costa (to the south) counties, and is approximately 15 mi (25 km) north of Oakland. The cities of Benicia and Vallejo lie on the north side of the strait, while Martinez, Port Costa, and Crockett sit on the southern coast. The Napa River joins the strait, via the short Mare Island Strait, near its entrance into San Pablo Bay.
wn.com/Carquinez_Strait -
Cartoon Art Museum
The Cartoon Art Museum (CAM) is a California art museum that specializes in the art of comics and cartoons. It is the only museum in the Western United States dedicated to the preservation and exhibition of all forms of cartoon art. The permanent collection features some 6,000 pieces, including original animation cels, comic book pages and early newspaper comic strips.
The museum is located in the Yerba Buena Gardens cultural district of San Francisco, in the South of Market neighborhood.
The Museum was founded in 1984 by comic art enthusiasts, with its primary founder being Malcolm Whyte, the publisher of Troubador Press. Its first incarnation had no fixed location, instead organizing showings at other local museums and corporate spaces. In 1987, with the help of an endowment from cartoonist Charles Schulz, it established a home on the second floor of the San Francisco Call-Bulletin Building in the South of Market area. In 2001, it moved to the ground-floor location at 655 Mission Street, which had been vacated by the Friends of Photography Ansel Adams Center.
wn.com/Cartoon_Art_Museum -
Central California
Central California, sometimes referenced as Mid-State, is an area of California south of the San Francisco Bay Area and north of Southern California. It includes the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley south of the San Joaquin River Delta, the Central Coast and central hills of the California Coast Ranges, and the foothills and mountain areas of the central Sierra Nevada.
Central California is generally considered a sub-region within Northern California. Both have their southern boundary where they meet Southern California at either the Tehachapi Mountains or the county lines which cross the state west to east below Monterey, Kings and Tulare Counties. Central California is considered to be west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada. (East of the Sierras is Eastern California.)
The largest cities (over 50,000 population) in the region are Fresno, Modesto, Visalia, Salinas, Merced, Turlock, Madera, Hanford, and Porterville.
Central California can have widely varying definitions depending on the context. Some divide the state by lines of latitude making northern, central and southern sections. Others divide by county lines or watershed boundaries. Some definitions include more of the San Joaquin Valley and even larger portions of the Central Valley. Some have less or none of Central Coast.
wn.com/Central_California -
Central Freeway
The Central Freeway is a roughly one-mile (1.5 km) elevated freeway in San Francisco, California, United States, connecting the Bayshore/James Lick Freeway (US 101 and I-80) with the Hayes Valley neighborhood. Most of the freeway is part of US 101, which exits at Mission Street on the way to the Golden Gate Bridge. The freeway once extended north to Turk Street, and was once proposed to form part of a complete loop around downtown (along with the Embarcadero Freeway), but was damaged in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and has been replaced with the surface-level Octavia Boulevard north of Market Street.
The Central Freeway begins at a directional "Y" interchange at the west end of Interstate 80 in the South of Market neighborhood, and travels west above Division Street and 13th Street. This interchange also includes access between the Bayshore Freeway, which carries US 101 to the south, and the one-way pair of 9th and 10th Streets. As it approaches the end, US 101 exits onto Mission Street to access Van Ness Avenue, which it follows north to Lombard Street and the Golden Gate Bridge. The remainder of the freeway is signed as exit 434B from US 101, and comes to the surface at Market Street and Octavia Boulevard, the latter continuing north to Oak and Fell Streets, a one-way pair west to Golden Gate Park. No traffic from Market Street is allowed to turn onto the freeway, but traffic from the freeway may turn right onto Market. The first opportunity for traffic that instead continues onto the boulevard to leave it is east on Page Street.
wn.com/Central_Freeway -
Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
wn.com/Chennai -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
wn.com/Chicago -
Cleveland
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
wn.com/Cleveland -
Coachella Valley
Coachella Valley ( /koʊˈtʃɛlə/, /koʊ.əˈtʃɛlə/) is a large valley landform in Southern California. The valley extends for approximately 45 miles (72 km) in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the saltwater Salton Sea, the largest lake in California. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) wide along most of its length, bounded on the west by the San Jacinto Mountains and the Santa Rosa Mountains and on the north and east by the Little San Bernardino Mountains. The San Andreas Fault crosses the valley from the Chocolate Mountains in the southeast corner and along the centerline of the Little San Bernardinos. The fault is easily visible along its northern length as a strip of greenery against an otherwise bare mountain.
The Chocolate Mountains are home to a United States Navy live gunnery range and are mostly off-limits to the public. In comparison to the "Inland Empire" (Riverside-San Bernardino area and the California desert), some people refer to the IE 's sub-region Coachella Valley as the "Desert Empire" to differentiate it from the neighboring Imperial Valley. Geographers and geologists sometimes call the area, along with the Imperial Valley to the south, the "Cahuilla Basin" or the "Salton Trough".
wn.com/Coachella_Valley -
Conejo Valley
The Conejo Valley is a region spanning both southeastern Ventura County and northwestern Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States. It was discovered in 1542 by Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, and eventually became part of the Rancho El Conejo land grant by the Spanish government (in Spanish conejo means "rabbit", and refers to the rabbits common to the region, specifically the Desert Cottontail and Brush Rabbit species). It is located in the northwestern part of the Greater Los Angeles Area.
The area is bordered by the San Fernando Valley and the city of Los Angeles to the east, Simi Hills to the north, Las Posas Hills and the Santa Rosa Valley to the northwest, Conejo Mountain (also known as Conejo Hills) and Oxnard Plain to the west, and the Santa Monica Mountains and Malibu to the south, the Westside, and Pacific Ocean beyond it. The valley is located in the Santa Monica Mountains on an elevated area.
Many high-tech companies, particularly those in biotechnology, including Amgen, Baxter, General Dynamics Corporation, and Rockwell International are prevalent in the area. It also includes many other tech corporations, especially dot com companies and telecommunications like Verizon and Verizon Wireless. It also is home to many healthcare and other various companies like WellPoint, J.D. Power and Associates, Volkswagen, Audi, THQ, and cosmetics leader Jafra Cosmetics. Although the region is predominantly white with a large Hispanic minority, there is a small, but growing, Asian minority in the region.
wn.com/Conejo_Valley -
Crissy Field
Crissy Field is a former airfield, now a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in San Francisco, California, United States. Historically a part of the Presidio of San Francisco, Crissy Field was closed as an airfield and eventually the National Park Service took control over it. While maintained by the United States Army, Crissy Field was heavily affected by the military's dumping of hazardous materials. In 1997, the park service began to clean up the area and in 2001 the Crissy Field Center opened to the public.
The land Crissy Field resides on is an ancient 130-acre salt marsh and estuary. Prior to European settlement, the Ohlone people used the area for harvesting shellfish and fish. They also lived in seasonal camps in the area, leaving behind shell middens in the archaeological record. The Spanish arrived in 1776 and called the area El Presidio. They began to use the area for livestock grazing and agriculture. The 127-acre marsh site was filled in during the 1870s. This alteration was finished in time for the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition. The U.S. Army took control of the Presidio in 1846, using the tidal wetland as a wasteland for dumping and draining. After filling in the marshlands, the Army covered over it and created an airfield.
wn.com/Crissy_Field -
Cucamonga Valley
The Cucamonga Valley is a region between the Los Angeles and San Bernardino areas, in San Bernardino County and Riverside County, of California, United States. It is located east of the Pomona Valley and it is a major site of wine production and is the location of the Cucamonga Valley AVA, a designated American Viticultural Area. The valley is in the Inland Empire.
The demographics of the Cucamonga Valley have been shifting in recent years. The population of European Americans, who once constituted a large majority, is on the decline while the population of Latinos and African Americans is growing . Unlike most of Southern California, there is not a particularly strong representation of Asian Americans in the Cucamonga Valley, although it is steadily increasing. Rancho Cucamonga has the highest population of Asian Americans in the Cucamonga Valley, at 9.0% of the population.
Two Metrolink commuter rail lines, the San Bernardino Line and the Riverside Line, serve the Cucamonga Valley. The lines are named for their eastern terminal stations, with their shared western terminal being Los Angeles Union Station.
wn.com/Cucamonga_Valley -
Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
wn.com/Dallas -
Delaware Valley
In general, the Delaware Valley is a term used to refer to the valley where the Delaware River flows.
However, this article discusses the economic region centered on the cities on the tidal part of the Delaware Valley, including the metropolitan areas centered on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. and Wilmington, Delaware. It is roughly the Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware-Maryland (PA-NJ-DE-MD) Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The Delaware Valley as discussed here is composed of several counties in Eastern Pennsylvania and Western New Jersey, one county in northern Delaware and one county in northeastern Maryland. The area has a population of over 6.1 million (as of the 2010 Census Bureau count). Philadelphia, being the region's major commercial, cultural, and industrial center, maintains a rather large sphere of influence that affects the counties that immediately surround it. The majority of the region's populace resides in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
wn.com/Delaware_Valley -
Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
wn.com/Delhi -
Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
wn.com/Denver -
Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
wn.com/Detroit -
Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.
wn.com/Dhaka -
Dolores Park
Dolores Park (Official name; commonly known as; formerly called Mission Park) is a city park in San Francisco, California located in the neighborhood of Mission Dolores, at the western edge of the Mission District, which lies to the east of the park. To the west of the park is a hillside referred to as "Dolores Heights" or considered a part of The Castro neighborhood. Dolores Park is two blocks tall by one block wide, based on the configuration of north-south and east-west blocks in that part of San Francisco. It is bounded by 18th Street on the north, 20th Street to the south, Dolores Street to the east and Church Street to the west. The northern end of Dolores Park is located directly across the street from Mission High School. Dolores park offers several features: several tennis courts and a basketball court, a soccer field, a children's playground, and a dog play area. The southern half of the park is also notable for its views of the Mission district, downtown, the San Francisco Bay and the East Bay. Also notable is the routing of the Muni Metro J-Church streetcar line through the park. The park lies east of Twin Peaks in the warm and sunny microclimate of the Mission neighborhood. The park is popular among San Franciscans looking for outdoor relaxation and recreation.
wn.com/Dolores_Park -
Dongguan
Dongguan (simplified Chinese: 东莞; traditional Chinese: 東莞; pinyin: Dōngguǎn, Mandarin pronunciation: [tʊ́ŋkwàn]; Cantonese: Dung1 gun2; Postal Map Spelling: Tungkuan) is a prefecture-level city in central Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
An important industrial city located in the Pearl River Delta, Dongguan borders the provincial capital of Guangzhou to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, Shenzhen to the south, and the Pearl River to the west.
It is also home to the world's largest, though mostly empty, shopping mall, New South China Mall. City administration is considered especially progressive in seeking foreign direct investment. The three neighboring municipalities of Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Shenzhen are home to over 25 million residents, accounting for a large proportion of the Pearl River Delta Region's population.
Dongguan ranks behind only Shenzhen, Shanghai and Suzhou in exports among Chinese cities, with $65.54bn in shipment.
Dongguan has no intermediate county level; instead it is divided into:
wn.com/Dongguan -
East Rand
Coordinates: 26°10′38″S 28°13′19″E / 26.17722°S 28.22194°E / -26.17722; 28.22194
The East Rand (known in Afrikaans as the Oos-Rand) is the name of the urban eastern part of the Witwatersrand that is functionally merged with the Johannesburg conurbation. This area became settled by Europeans after a gold-bearing reef discovered in 1886 and sparked the gold rush that gave rise to the establishment of Johannesburg.
The large black townships of the East Rand were the scene of heavy clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party before the end of Apartheid.
The region extends from Germiston in the west to Springs in the east, and south down to Nigel, and includes the towns of Boksburg, Benoni, Brakpan, Kempton Park, Edenvale, and Bedfordview.
As part of the restructuring of municipalities in South Africa at the time, the local governments of the East Rand were merged into a single municipality in 1999, called the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, meaning "place of peace."
wn.com/East_Rand -
Exploratorium
The Exploratorium is a museum in San Francisco with over 475 participatory exhibits, all of them made onsite, that mix science and art. It also aims to promote museums as informal education centers.
Founded in 1969 by physicist and educator Frank Oppenheimer, the Exploratorium offers visitors a variety of ways—including exhibits, webcasts, websites and events—to explore and understand the world around them. In 2011, the Exploratorium received the National Science Board 2011 Public Service Science Award for its contributions to public understanding of science and engineering.
The Exploratorium was founded in 1969 by Frank Oppenheimer, a noted experimental physicist and university professor. He served as the museum’s director until his death in 1985.
In 1949, Oppenheimer was forced to resign from his position at the University of Minnesota as a result of inquiry by the House Un-American Activities Committee. He was drawn into the local high school in Pagosa Springs, Colorado, where he taught for several years. When Oppenheimer returned to university physics in 1959, he focused on improving laboratory teaching, developing a "Library of Experiments" in which students could explore physical phenomena. Oppenheimer was invited to do the initial planning for a new branch of the Smithsonian, but he turned it down to work on what he called his "San Francisco project." He was convinced of the need for public museums to supplement science curricula at all levels. He toured Europe and studied museums on a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1965. Then in 1969, with a $50,000 grant from the San Francisco Foundation, the Exploratorium opened at the Palace of Fine Arts.
wn.com/Exploratorium -
Fillmore Street
Fillmore Street is a street in San Francisco, California, named after American President Millard Fillmore which starts in the Lower Haight neighborhood, and travels northward through the Fillmore District and Pacific Heights and ends in the Marina District. It serves as the main thoroughfare and namesake for the Fillmore District neighborhood.
Fillmore Street that runs through the Fillmore neighborhood reflects the neighborhoods diversity: family-owned neighborhood-serving retail mixes with chain stores, jazz clubs, ethnic restaurants of many varieties, and empty storefronts. Some of the stores, restaurants, and clubs lost to redevelopment are memorialized by plaques on the sidewalk. Other ties to the neighborhood's past remain as well; for example, the building that once housed Jimbo's Bop City—a nightclub frequented by noted jazz musicians of the 40's and 50's—was moved during redevelopment to Fillmore Street, where it now houses an Afrocentric book store, Marcus Bookstore.
Fillmore street is also known for "The Triangle", which is where Fillmore meets Greenwhich street. Triangle is an infamous area, describing 3 corners of the intersection with the bars Balboa Cafe, East Side West and City Tavern.
wn.com/Fillmore_Street -
Fort Funston
Fort Funston is a protected area within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area at the southwestern corner of San Francisco. It occupies windswept headlands along the Pacific coast, steep cliffs and the beach below. The site includes some of the last remnants of the sand dune ecosystem that once covered the western half of San Francisco.
The land was acquired by the federal government in 1900 upon the establishment of the Lake Merced Military Reservation, with the purpose of assisting in the coastal land defense for San Francisco Bay. The fort, renamed for Major General Frederick Funston in 1917, began to take shape during World War I, with the construction of a parade ground, barracks and a series of coastal batteries. The batteries were declared obsolete shortly after World War II, but Fort Funston later became a Nike missile launch site. The fort was inactivated in 1963 and eventually transferred to the National Park Service to be administered as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
wn.com/Fort_Funston -
Foshan
Foshan (Chinese: 佛山; pinyin: Fóshān, pronounced [fwɔ̌ ʂán]), is a city in central Guangdong province in southern China. The prefectural area under the city's jurisdiction over an area of about 3,840 km² and a population of 5.4 million of which 1.1 million reside in the city proper (year 2000 figures).
It is shown on some older maps as 'Fatshan', which is a phonetic spelling of the city's Cantonese name. Today many areas of Foshan city are occupied mostly by Chinese migrants coming from different provinces of China and speak only Mandarin, while its native dialect is a Foshan variant of Cantonese.
The town of Foshan is many centuries old, and was famous for its porcelain industry. Now, the third largest city in Guangdong, it has become relatively affluent compared to other Chinese cities, and is home to many large private enterprises. Foshan has recently seen a transformation brought by China's booming economy. Foshan is also famous for its martial arts. It contains numerous Wing Chun schools where many come to train and spar.
wn.com/Foshan -
Gold Country
Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a region in the central and northeastern part of California. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.
State Route 49 was built through the Gold Country, stretching from Mariposa County in the south, to Sierra County in the north.
It includes parts of twelve California counties: Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sierra, Tuolumne, Plumas and Yuba.
The Gold Country lies on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, reaching down to the Sacramento Valley. The oldest geology can be found along the easternmost portions of this region, closer to the Sierra Nevada summits. It consists of ancient sea floor and portions of islands which were added onto the western edge of North America during the late Paleozoic, about 275 million years ago. The western sections of the Mother Lode are significantly younger, from the mid Mesozoic about 150 million years ago, and also consist of material that was solidified on the ocean floor to the continental edge. Massive intrusions of granite forced their way into these formations. After ten miles of overlying material was eroded over the last 70 million years, these intrusions became visible throughout the Sierra Nevada. Over the last 50 million years, rivers and volcanoes deposited materials; these built up in thick layers found atop many of the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada foothills.
wn.com/Gold_Country -
Golden Gate
The Golden Gate is the North American strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Since 1937 it has been spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. Technically, the 'gate' is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, while the 'strait' is the water flowing in between.
During the last Ice Age, when sea level was several hundred feet lower, the waters of the glacier-fed Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River scoured a deep channel through the bedrock on their way to the ocean. The strait is well known today for its depth and powerful tidal currents from the Pacific Ocean. Many small whirlpools and eddies can form in its waters. During the centuries Golden Gate strait with its strong currents, rocky reefs and low fog conditions has became a place of more than a hundred shipwrecks.
Before the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century, the area around the strait and the bay was inhabited by the Ohlone to the south and Coast Miwok people to the north. Descendants of both tribes remain in the area.
wn.com/Golden_Gate -
Greater Boston
Greater Boston is the area of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts surrounding the city of Boston. Due to ambiguity in usage, the size of the area referred to can be anywhere between that of the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of Boston and that of the city's combined statistical area (CSA) which includes the metro areas of Providence, Rhode Island and Worcester, Massachusetts.
By contrast, Metro Boston is usually reserved to signify the "inner core" surrounding the City of Boston,[citation needed] while "Greater Boston" usually at least overlaps the North and South Shores, as well as MetroWest and the Merrimack Valley.
Greater Boston is tenth in population among U.S. metropolitan statistical areas in the United States, home to over 4.6 million people as of the 2010 U.S. Census and is ranked fifth among CSA's, having over 7.6 million people.
Greater Boston has many sites and people significant to American history and culture, particularly the American Revolution, civil rights, literature, and politics, and is one of the nation's centers of education, finance, industry, and tourism, with the sixth-largest Gross metropolitan product in the country and 12th-largest in the world.
wn.com/Greater_Boston -
Greater Buenos Aires
Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA, in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the conurbation around it, over the province of Buenos Aires—namely the adjacent 24 partidos or municipalities—which nonetheless do not constitute a single administrative unit. The conurbation spreads to the south, west and north of Buenos Aires; to the east the River Plate serves as a natural boundary.
Urban sprawl, especially between 1945 and 1980, created a vast conurbation of 9,910,282 inhabitants in the 24 conurbated partidos, as of 2010, and a total of 12,801,365 including the City of Buenos Aires, a third of the total population of Argentina.
The term "Greater Buenos Aires" is related with other expressions not necessarily well-defined: the "Buenos Aires' conurbation" (Conurbano Bonaerense), the "Greater Buenos Aires Agglomeration" (Aglomerado Gran Buenos Aires), and the "Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires" (Área Metropolitana Buenos Aires, AMBA).
wn.com/Greater_Buenos_Aires -
Greater Cleveland
The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area of Northeast Ohio that contains Cleveland, Ohio, United States and its surrounding area. According to the 2010 Census, the five-county Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of Cuyahoga County, Geauga County, Lake County, Lorain County, and Medina County, and has a population of 2,077,240. Greater Cleveland is the largest metropolitan area in Ohio.
Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger area. This article covers the area generally considered to be Greater Cleveland, but includes some information generally applicable to the larger region, which is itself part of what is known historically as the Connecticut Western Reserve.
The larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area is the 14th-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States, and includes the above counties plus Ashtabula County, Portage County and Summit County, with a population of 2,881,937.
wn.com/Greater_Cleveland -
Greater Houston
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. It is located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater Houston" and is situated in Southeast Texas, just west of the Golden Triangle.
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with a population of 6,086,538 as of U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2011 estimates. The population of the metropolitan area is centered in the city of Houston—the largest economic and cultural center of the American South, with a population of 2.1 million.
Houston is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States. The area grew 25.2 percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses—adding more than 950,000 people—while the nation's population increased 13.2 percent over the same period. From 2000 to 2007, the area grew by 912,994 people. From 2000 to 2030, the metropolitan area is projected by Woods & Poole Economics to rank fifth in the nation in population growth—adding 2.66 million people. In 2009, Milken Institute/Greenstreet Real Estate Partners ranked Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown as the fifth-best performing metropolitan area; the Houston area had moved up 11 spaces from the previous year's ranking.
wn.com/Greater_Houston -
Grizzly Bay
Grizzly Bay is a baylet of the San Francisco Bay which dips into Solano County, California and borders Suisun Bay. Grizzly Bay is home to many sloughs and wildlife areas in addition to the Fifth Reserve Fleet which is docked off the coast of Benicia.
Suisun Slough and Cordelia Slough empty into Grizzly Bay.
Coordinates: 38°07′N 122°00′W / 38.117°N 122°W / 38.117; -122
wn.com/Grizzly_Bay -
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
wn.com/Guangzhou -
Haight Street
Coordinates: 37°46′12.36″N 122°26′46.4″W / 37.7701°N 122.446222°W / 37.7701; -122.446222
Haight Street, in San Francisco, is perhaps best known as the principal street in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district, also known as Upper Haight. It stretches from Market Street to Stanyan Street, at Golden Gate Park. It is named after California pioneer and exchange banker Henry Haight (1820-1869).
wn.com/Haight_Street -
Hampton Roads
Coordinates: 36°58′N 76°22′W / 36.967°N 76.367°W / 36.967; -76.367
Hampton Roads is the name for both a body of water and the Norfolk–Virginia Beach metropolitan area which surrounds it in southeastern Virginia, United States. Hampton Roads is notable for its year-round ice-free harbor, for United States Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, NASA, Marine Corps, and Army facilities, shipyards, coal piers, and hundreds of miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.
The water area known as Hampton Roads is one of the world's largest natural harbors (more accurately a roadstead or "roads"), and incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River and James River with several smaller rivers and itself empties into the Chesapeake Bay near its mouth leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
The land area (also known as "Tidewater") includes dozens of cities, counties and towns on the Virginia Peninsula and in South Hampton Roads. Some of the more outlying areas from the harbor may or may not be included as part of "Hampton Roads", depending upon the organization or purpose. For a commonly used example, as defined for federal economic purposes, the Hampton Roads metropolitan statistical area (MSA) additionally includes one county in northeastern North Carolina and two counties in Virginia’s Middle Peninsula. Officially, the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA has a population of about 1.7 million, the 36th-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
wn.com/Hampton_Roads -
Herbst Theatre
The Herbst Theatre is an auditorium in the War Memorial and Performing Arts Center in Civic Center in San Francisco, United States. The 928-seat hall hosts programs as diverse as City Arts & Lectures, SF Jazz, and San Francisco Performances.
Originally designed as the Veterans Auditorium, the theatre was refurbished and renamed Herbst Theatre in 1977 in honor of brothers Herman and Maurice Herbst, whose foundation underwrote the renovations. It is entered through a foyer off of the building's main lobby. Eight large beaux-arts murals, created by Frank Brangwyn for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, adorn the walls while overhead five chandeliers hang from the blue and gold-leaf ceiling.
On June 26, 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed on the stage of the Herbst Theatre by the group of 50 founding nations, following the two-month-long United Nations conference in the Opera House.
Coordinates: 37°46′47″N 122°25′14″W / 37.779653°N 122.420544°W / 37.779653; -122.420544
wn.com/Herbst_Theatre -
Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; listen), formerly named Saigon (Sài Gòn; listen) is the largest city in Vietnam. It was once known as Prey Nokor, an important Khmer sea port prior to annexation by the Vietnamese in the 17th century.
Under the name Saigon, it was the capital of the French colony of Cochin-china and later of the independent state of South Vietnam from 1955–75. South Vietnam, as an anti-communist state, fought against the communist North Vietnamese and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War, with aid from the United States of America and countries including Australia, New Zealand and South Korea. Saigon fell when it was captured by the communists on 30 April 1975, bringing an end to the War with its enemy's victory. Vietnam was then turned into a communist state with the South overtaken. On 2 July 1976, Saigon merged with the surrounding Gia Định Province and was officially renamed Ho Chi Minh City after Hồ Chí Minh (although the name Sài Gòn is still commonly used.)
The city center is situated on the banks of the Saigon River, 60 kilometers (37 mi) from the South China Sea and 1,760 kilometers (1,090 mi) south of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam.
wn.com/Ho_Chi_Minh_City -
Hong Kong
Coordinates: 22°16′42″N 114°09′32″E / 22.27833°N 114.15889°E / 22.27833; 114.15889
Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港) is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is known for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of 1,104 km2 (426 sq mi) and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the First Opium War (1839–42). Originally confined to Hong Kong Island, the colony's boundaries were extended in stages to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 and then the New Territories in 1898. It was occupied by Japan during the Pacific War, after which the British resumed control until 1997, when China resumed sovereignty. The region espoused minimum government intervention under the ethos of positive non-interventionism during the colonial era. The time period greatly influenced the current culture of Hong Kong, often described as "East meets West", and the educational system, which used to loosely follow the system in England until reforms implemented in 2009.
wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
wn.com/Houston -
Incheon
Coordinates: 37°29′N 126°38′E / 37.483°N 126.633°E / 37.483; 126.633
The Incheon Metropolitan City (인천, 仁川, literally 'wise river' - formerly Inchon; named Jinsen during the time of Japanese rule) is located in northwestern South Korea. The city was home to just 4,700 people when Jemulpo port was built in 1883. Today 2.76 million people live in the city, making it Korea’s third most populous city after Seoul and Busan Metropolitan City. While people have inhabited the area from the New Stone Age, the city’s growth was assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city.
Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world, issuing in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization. In 2003, the city was designated as Korea’s first free economic zone. Since then, large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in Incheon Free Economic Zone, including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry.
wn.com/Incheon -
Indianapolis
Indianapolis /ˌɪndiəˈnæpɵlɨs/ (abbreviated Indy /ˈɪndi/) is the capital of the US state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 829,718. It is Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S. Census, is the 12th largest city in the U.S., the second largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also one of the fastest growing regions in the United States.
For much of its history, Indianapolis has oriented itself around government and industry, particularly manufacturing. Today, Indianapolis has a much more diversified economy, contributing to the fields of education, health care, and finance. Tourism is also a vital part of the economy of Indianapolis, and the city plays host to numerous conventions and sporting events. Of these, perhaps the most well known is the annual Indianapolis 500 and the NHRA U.S. Nationals. Other major sporting events include the Brickyard 400 and the Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments. 2012 marked the first time Indianapolis hosted the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVI was played at Lucas Oil Stadium, on February 5, 2012 in Downtown Indianapolis. Also held in Lucas Oil Stadium is the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships.
wn.com/Indianapolis -
Islais Creek
Islais Creek or Islais Creek Channel (previously known as Du Vrees Creek, Islais Channel and Islais Swamp) is a small creek in San Francisco, California. The name of the creek is derived from a Salinan Native American word "slay" or "islay", the name for the Prunus ilicifolia wild cherries. Around the time of the Gold Rush, the area became an industrial hub, and the condition of the creek worsened. After the devastating earthquake in 1906, the city decided to reclaim the creek using earthquake debris, reducing the waterbody to its present size. Though much of Islais Creek has been converted to an underground culvert, remnants still exist today at both Glen Canyon Park and Third Street. Several community organizations are dedicated to preserve these remnants, as they are important wildlife habitats.
The historic Islais Creek, the largest body of water in the city covering an area of nearly 5,000 acres (7.812 sq mi; 20.234 km2), had two main branches. One originated near the southern slope of Twin Peaks, slightly north of Portola Drive. It flowed downstream southeastward through the Glen Canyon Park paralleling Bosworth Street and eventually reaching the bottom of the Mission Street viaduct at I-280. The other branch began at the intersection of Cayuga Avenue and Regent Street. It flowed generally eastward along Mission Street and reached the I-280 viaduct. Together, as a wider creek, it ran parallel to Alemany Boulevard and I-280 and emptied into the Islais Creek estuary, near Industrial Street and Oakdale Avenue. Precita Creek, a nearby creek that originated from Noe Valley, also joined Islais Creek at the César Chávez Boulevard and Evans Avenue intersection.
wn.com/Islais_Creek -
Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
wn.com/Istanbul -
Jack Kerouac Alley
Jack Kerouac Alley (formerly Adler Alley or Adler Place) is a one-way alleyway in Chinatown, San Francisco, California, that connects Grant Avenue and Columbus Avenue.
The alley is named after Jack Kerouac, a Beat Generation writer who used to frequent the pub and bookstore adjacent to the alley.
The alley was a common place for garbage dumping and a shortcut for trucks. In 1988, poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti, who is the co-founder of City Lights Bookstore, presented his idea to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors to transform the alleyway. The project involved repaving the alley, banning motor vehicles from entering, and installing new street lights. The new look alley was reopened to the public in March 2007. The alley is now known for its engraved Western and Chinese poems, including poets such as John Steinbeck, Maya Angelou, and Kerouac himself. A ceremony was held in April 2007 to celebrate the reopening of the alley.
Coordinates: 37°47′51″N 122°24′24″W / 37.7975°N 122.4067°W / 37.7975; -122.4067
wn.com/Jack_Kerouac_Alley -
Jakarta
Jakarta ( /dʒəˈkɑrtə/), officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta (Indonesian: Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Located on the northwest coast of Java, Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre, and with a population of 10,187,595 as of November 2011, it is the most populous city in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia, and is the twelfth-largest city in the world. The official metropolitan area, known as Jabodetabekjur, is the second largest in the world, yet the city's suburbs still continue beyond it. Jakarta is listed as a global city in the 2008 Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC) research. and has an area of 661 square kilometres (255 sq mi)
Based on Brooking Institute survey about growth, in 2011 Jakarta ranked 17th among the world's 200 largest cities, a significant jumps from 2007 when Jakarta ranked 171st. Jakarta has seen more rapid growth than Kuala Lumpur, Beijing and Bangkok.
wn.com/Jakarta -
Johannesburg
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈhɑnəsbʏrx]) also known as Jozi, Jo'burg or eGoli, is the largest city in South Africa, by population. Johannesburg is the provincial capital of Gauteng, the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest metropolitan areas in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline. It claims to be the lightning capital of the world, though this title is also claimed by others.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's new post-Apartheid constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills. Johannesburg is served by O.R. Tambo International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in Africa and a gateway for international air travel to and from the rest of Southern Africa. More recently Lanseria International Airport has started international flights, and is situated conveniently on the opposite side of the metropolis.
wn.com/Johannesburg -
Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
wn.com/Karachi -
Kearny Street
Coordinates: 37°47′32.66″N 122°24′15.76″W / 37.7924056°N 122.4043778°W / 37.7924056; -122.4043778
Kearny Street in San Francisco, California runs north from Market Street to The Embarcadero, with a gap on Telegraph Hill. Toward its south end, it separates the Financial District from the Union Square and Chinatown districts. Further north, it passes over Telegraph Hill.
Kearny Street was originally named "La Calle de la Fundacion" by the Spanish. Translated, this means "street of the foundation." The origin of the present name, Kearny Street, is generally assumed to be Stephen Watts Kearny, the first military governor of California under U.S. rule. Another possible namesake includes General Philip Kearny.
At Kearny and Clay, the first cable car in America, invented by Andrew S. Hallidie on August 2, 1873, climbed five blocks up the Clay Street hill.
From the turn of the twentieth century until 1977 the area around the intersection of Kearny and Jackson Streets was home to a large Filipino population, and earned the nickname Manilatown. Located at 848 Kearny Street, the International Hotel served as the heart of Manilatown. In its heyday of the 1920s and 1930s the estimated population of Manilatown was between 20,000 and 40,000 people. In 1968 the hotel was sold to developers intending to replace it with more profitable commercial property. After a protracted court battle, the remaining two hundred odd tenants were forcibly evicted on 4 August 1977. The hotel and other buildings to the south of it on that block were quickly torn down, after which the land lay vacant for over a a quarter of a century. On 27 July 2004, a two block stretch of Kearny Street was officially declared to be Manilatown.
wn.com/Kearny_Street -
Kinshasa
Kinshasa (formerly French Léopoldville, and Dutch Leopoldstad (help·info)) is the capital and the largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The city is located on the Congo River.
Once a site of fishing villages, Kinshasa is now an urban area with a population of nearly 10 million inhabitants. It faces the capital of the neighbouring Republic of Congo, Brazzaville which can be seen in the distance across the wide Congo River. Because the administrative boundaries cover such a vast area, over 60% of the city's land is rural in nature, and the urban area only occupies a small section in the far western end of the province.
Kinshasa holds the status of the second largest city in Africa, after Cairo.
Residents of Kinshasa are known as Kinois (in French and sometimes in English) or Kinshasans (English).
The city was founded as a trading post by Henry Morton Stanley in 1881 and named Léopoldville in honor of King Leopold II of Belgium, who controlled the vast territory that is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, not as a colony but as a private property. The post flourished as the first navigable port on the Congo River above Livingstone Falls, a series of rapids over 300 kilometres (190 mi) below Leopoldville. At first, all goods arriving by sea or being sent by sea had to be carried by porters between Léopoldville and Matadi, the port below the rapids and 150 km (93 mi) from the coast. The completion of the Matadi-Kinshasa portage railway in 1898 provided a faster and more efficient alternative route around the rapids and sparked the rapid development of Léopoldville. By 1920, the city was elevated to capital of the Belgian Congo, replacing the town of Boma in the Congo estuary.
wn.com/Kinshasa -
Kobe
Kobe (神戸市, Kōbe-shi?, Japanese pronunciation: [koːbe]), is the fifth-largest city in Japan and is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, approximately 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population of about 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin (Keihanshin) metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
The earliest written records regarding the region come from the Nihon Shoki, which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201. For most of its history the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa Period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa Shogunate. Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889. Its name comes from "kanbe" (神戸?), an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine. Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.
Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan port city. While the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake diminished much of Kobe's prominence as a port city, it remains Japan's fourth busiest container port. Companies headquartered in Kobe include ASICS, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, and Kobe Steel, as well as over 100 international corporations with Asia or Japan headquarters in the city such as Procter & Gamble, Boehringer-Ingelheim and Nestlé. The city is the point of origin and namesake of Kobe beef as well as the site of one of Japan's most famous hot spring resorts, Arima Onsen.
wn.com/Kobe -
Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.
wn.com/Kolkata -
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
wn.com/Kuala_Lumpur -
Kyoto
Kyoto (京都市, Kyōto-shi?, "Capital City") (Japanese pronunciation: [kʲoːto] ( listen)) is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. It has a population close to 1.5 million. Formerly the imperial capital of Japan, it is now the capital of Kyoto Prefecture, as well as a major part of the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe metropolitan area.
Although archaeological evidence places the first human settlement on the islands of Japan to approximately 10,000 BC, relatively little is known about human activity in the area before the 6th century AD, around which time the Shimogamo Shrine is believed to have been established. During the 8th century, when powerful Buddhist clergy became involved in the affairs of the Imperial government, the Emperor chose to relocate the capital to a region far from the Buddhist influence. Emperor Kammu selected the village of Uda, at the time in the Kadono district of Yamashiro Province, for this honor.
The new city, Heian-kyō (平安京, "tranquility and peace capital"), a scaled replica of the then Tang capital Chang'an, became the seat of Japan's imperial court in 794, beginning the Heian period of Japanese history. Although military rulers established their governments either in Kyoto (Muromachi shogunate) or in other cities such as Kamakura (Kamakura shogunate) and Edo (Tokugawa shogunate), Kyoto remained Japan's capital until the transfer of the imperial court to Tokyo in 1869 at the time of the Imperial Restoration. (Some believe that it is still a legal capital: see Capital of Japan.)
wn.com/Kyoto -
Lagos
Lagos (/ˈleɪɡɒs/ LAY-gos) is a port city and the most populous city in Nigeria. Officially, the population of Lagos was last recorded at 7,937,932. Lagos is the second fastest growing city in Africa and the 7th fastest in the world. Lagos was originally inhabited by the Awori subgroup of the Yoruba people. Under the leadership of their Olofin, the Awori moved to an island now called Iddo and then to the larger Lagos Island. In the 15th century, the Awori settlement was attacked by the Benin Empire following a quarrel, and the island became a Benin war-camp called "Eko" under Oba Orhogba, the Oba of Benin at the time.
Lagos is a huge metropolis which originated on islands separated by creeks, such as Lagos Island, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon whilst protected from the Atlantic Ocean by long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to 100 km east and west of the mouth. From the beginning, Lagos has expanded on the mainland west of the lagoon and the conurbation, including Ikeja and Agege, now reaches more than 40 km north-west of Lagos Island. Some suburbs include Ikorodu, Epe and Badagry, and more local councils have recently been created, bringing the total number of local governments in Lagos to 57.
wn.com/Lagos -
Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
wn.com/Lahore -
Leland Yee
Leland Yee (Chinese: 余胤良; pinyin: Yú Yìnliáng, born November 20, 1948) is a California State Senator in District 8 which represents the western half of San Francisco and most of San Mateo County. Prior to becoming state senator, Yee was a California State Assemblyman, Supervisor of San Francisco's Sunset District, and was a member and President of the San Francisco School Board. In 2004 Yee became the first Asian American to be appointed Speaker pro Tempore, making him the second highest ranking Democrat of the California State Assembly.
Leland Yee immigrated to San Francisco from Taishan,Guangdong, China when he was three years old and later became a naturalized United States citizen. His father served in the U.S. Army and the Merchant Marines. Yee attended San Francisco's Martin Luther King Jr. Academic Middle School and earned a bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley, a master's from San Francisco State University and a Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Hawaii.
After obtaining his PhD in Child Psychology, Yee worked as a therapist in the Mental Health Department of San Francisco, the Oakland School District and with Asian American for Community Involvement, a non-profit that serves low-income people.
wn.com/Leland_Yee -
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking.
Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or "the City of Kings". It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area.
Lima is home to one of the oldest higher learning institutions in the New World. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas.
wn.com/Lima -
Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
wn.com/Los_Angeles -
Lost Coast
The Lost Coast is a mostly undeveloped section of the California North Coast in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties, which includes the King Range. It was named the "Lost Coast" after the area experienced depopulation in the 1930s. In addition, the steepness and related geo-technical challenges of the coastal mountains made this stretch of coastline too costly for state highway or county road builders to establish routes through the area, leaving it the most undeveloped portion of the California coast.
The region roughly spans from Rockport to Ferndale. At the south end, State Route 1, which runs very close along the coast for most of its length, instead turns inland at Rockport before merging with U.S. Route 101 at Leggett. At the north end, State Route 211 begins its journey at Ferndale, heading towards Highway 101 in Fernbridge. Section 511 of the California Streets and Highways Code still says that "Route 211 is from Route 1 near Rockport to Route 101 near Fernbridge", but it is very unlikely that the portion south of Ferndale will ever get built.
wn.com/Lost_Coast -
Macondray Lane
Macondray Lane is a small pedestrian lane on the south-eastern side of Russian Hill in San Francisco, California. A wooded enclave in the heart of the city, it was recast by Armistead Maupin as Barbary Lane for his Tales of the City.
Macondray Lane extends two blocks east-west between Leavenworth and Taylor streets, paralleling Union and Green streets. At the Taylor Street end, a set of steps descend from the lane to Taylor Street. Views from the lane extend northwards to Alcatraz Island and the San Francisco Bay.
Coordinates: 37°47′57″N 122°24′54″W / 37.799203°N 122.415116°W / 37.799203; -122.415116
wn.com/Macondray_Lane -
Marina Green
Coordinates: 37°48′24.05″N 122°26′20.87″W / 37.8066806°N 122.4391306°W / 37.8066806; -122.4391306
The Marina Green in San Francisco, California, is a 74-acre (300,000 m2) expanse of grass between Fort Mason and the Presidio. It is adjacent to San Francisco Bay, and this location provides good views of the Golden Gate Bridge, Angel Island, Alcatraz Island, and parts of Marin County. Houses built mostly in the 1920s and 1930s line Marina Boulevard, the southern boundary of the Marina Green. Many of these houses have large bay windows, and Herb Caen, the late San Francisco newspaper columnist, often made references to the immaculate furnishings behind these windows. In the past, a railroad track along the southern edge of the Marina Green allowed the San Francisco Belt Railroad to serve the Presidio. Adjacent to the Marina Green is a marina, home to the St. Francis Yacht Club and the Golden Gate Yacht Club.
Prior to the 1906 earthquake, this area was a tidal marsh. After the earthquake, much of the resulting rubble was dumped here. Later, to provide land for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, this site and the adjacent neighborhood (now the present day Marina District) was filled in. A nearby remnant of the Exposition is the restored Palace of Fine Arts.
wn.com/Marina_Green -
Mark Leno
Mark Leno (born September 24, 1951) is an American politician, representing California's 3rd Senate district, which includes parts of San Francisco and Sonoma County, as well as the entirety of Marin County. He was elected in 2008 and is the first openly gay man to serve in the Senate. Leno was previously one of the first two openly gay men (along with John Laird) to serve in the Assembly. He also served as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors between 1998 and 2002 after being appointed by Willie Brown. Leno is the owner of Budget Signs Inc., a small business.
In 2008, he won the Democratic Party nomination for California's 3rd Senate district with 43.8 percent of the vote, defeating incumbent Senator Carole Migden, who had 28.6 percent of the vote, and former Assemblyman Joe Nation, who had 27.6 percent of the vote. He was then elected with 80% of the vote in the general election.[dead link]
Leno is the grandson of Jewish Russian immigrants. He is a native of Wisconsin and attended the University of Colorado at Boulder, then went on to become valedictorian of his graduating class at the American College in Jerusalem, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree. Leno also spent two years in rabbinical studies at Hebrew Union College in New York. Afterward, he moved to San Francisco on the invitation of his sister. He lived his first four years in the Tenderloin before moving to the Noe Valley neighborhood. In 1978, Leno started Budget Signs as owner and operator. The business incorporated in 1982. Working with his life partner, Douglas Jackson, the business continued to grow and their involvement in community affairs steadily expanded. Jackson died from complications related to AIDS in 1990. Despite this loss, Leno continued his efforts in community service.
wn.com/Mark_Leno -
McLaren Park
McLaren Park is a park in south-eastern San Francisco. McLaren Park is the second largest park in San Francisco after Golden Gate Park. The park is surrounded mostly by the Excelsior, Crocker-Amazon, Visitacion Valley, Portola and University Mound neighborhoods.
McLaren Park was once a part of Rancho Cañada de Guadalupe la Visitación y Rodeo_Viejo. When California was part of Mexico, its then governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted what is now known as McLaren Park to the local authorities in 1840.
In 1905, subdivisions of the land grant were drawn up and Daniel Burham recommended that the land where McLaren Park is today be a park. The land was purchased anyway by the Board of Supervisors in 1928 despite the bond measure being defeated. In 1934, John McLaren organized a dedication flag ceremony in the park, which had its name, and it is currently the second-largest park in the city.
Coffman Pool was McLaren Park's first recreation facility constructed near Herz Playground, also in McLaren Park in 1958. A master plan for the park was published in 1959 which called for the creation of more recreational facilities. Construction of the facilities included in the Master Plan: The Gleneagles Golf Course, McNab Lake, Louis Sutter, Herz, and Mansfield-Burrows Playground, the Wilde Overlook, and the amphitheater (later to be renamed the Jerry Garcia Amphitheater), began in the 1960s, and also included new trails, picnic and parking areas, community gardens, and an irrigation system.
wn.com/McLaren_Park -
Metreon
The Metreon is a shopping center located in downtown San Francisco at the corner of 4th Street and Mission Street. It is a four-story 350,000 square foot (33,000 m²) building built over the corner of the underground Moscone Center convention center. Metreon opened on June 16, 1999, as the first of a proposed chain of Sony "urban entertainment centers", aggregating dining, gaming, music, exhibitions, shopping, and movies. Sony intended the ambitious 85 million dollar project to be not only a theme park and gallery for Sony products but also a way to reinforce a sophisticated image for the Sony brand.
In 2006 Metreon was sold to Westfield, a mall developer, and it was refashioned as a food-oriented mall. In 2011, with few exceptions, remaining businesses in the mall were closed. Westfield has announced a major renovation with an emphasis on dining, including Target Corporation creating a large downtown department store that will take up the second floor. The new center is expected to be completed by 2012. In April, 2012, the Wesfield sold the Metreon to Starwood Capital Group.
wn.com/Metreon -
Metro Detroit
The Detroit metropolitan area, often referred to as Metro Detroit, is the metropolitan area located in Southeast Michigan centered on the city of Detroit which shares an international border with Windsor, Ontario. The Detroit metropolitan area is the second largest U.S. metropolitan area connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. As a major metropolitan area, it is known for its automotive heritage, arts, entertainment, and popular music and sports legacies. The area includes a variety of natural landscapes, parks, and beaches with a recreational coastline linking the Great Lakes.
The Detroit Urban Area, which serves as the core of the Metropolitan Statistical Area, ranks as the 12th most populous of the United States, with a population of 3,734,090 as of the 2010 census, and an area of 1,337.16 square miles (3,463.2 km2). This urbanized area covers parts of the counties of Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb. These counties are sometimes referred to informally as the Detroit Tri-County Area, and had a population of 3,863,888 as of the 2010 census with an area of 1,967.1 square miles (5,095 km2).
wn.com/Metro_Detroit -
Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan), the National Capital Region (NCR) (Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), or simply Metro Manila, is the metropolitan region encompassing the City of Manila and its surrounding areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 cities, namely City of Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Pasay, Pasig, Parañaque, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, plus the smaller Municipality of Pateros.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines' seat of government but the City of Manila is the capital. The largest city in the metropolis is Quezon City, while the largest business district is the Makati Central Business District.
Metro Manila is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975, comprising 13% of the national population. The sum total population of provinces with a provincial density above 700 people per square kilometer (more than double the national average) in a contiguous zone with Metro Manila is 25.5 million people as of the 2007 census, one way to refer to the conurbation around Metro Manila is Greater Manila.
wn.com/Metro_Manila -
Metropolitan Fresno
Metropolitan Fresno or officially Fresno-Madera, CA CSA is a metropolitan area in California's Central Valley consisting of Fresno and Madera counties in the southern area of Northern California. It is the second largest metropolitan region in the Central Valley, the first being Greater Sacramento, and 42nd largest in the United States as of 2010 census.
Metropolitan Fresno is anchored by Fresno, the fifth largest city in California and the 35th largest in the United States. The metropolitan area's Central Valley location, which is one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, allows a large agricultural economy despite being increasingly urbanized.
Metropolitan Fresno, unlike the other metropolitan regions of California, is still largely agricultural and contains a large rural land area and is centered in the San Joaquin Valley. The metropolitan area is located between the larger metropolitan areas of California, bordering the southernmost boundaries of the San Francisco Bay Area in the west and separated from the Greater Sacramento and Greater Los Angeles Areas to the north and south respectively by long distances of rural and farmland. Additionally, the lifestyle and culture of Metropolitan Fresno does not reflect the San Francisco or Sacramento influence as other areas have in Northern California due to distance from the state capital and bordering an unpopulated area of the outskirts of the Bay Area. Instead, Metropolitan Fresno is more influenced by the interior valley region of California although as the area becomes more urbanized, it has become slightly more influenced by the other metropolitan areas of Northern California, particularly the Bay Area.
wn.com/Metropolitan_Fresno -
Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
wn.com/Mexico -
Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.
wn.com/Mexico_City -
Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
wn.com/Miami -
Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
wn.com/Milwaukee -
Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation:i/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.
wn.com/Minneapolis -
Mission Street
Mission Street is a north-south arterial thoroughfare in San Francisco, California that runs from the city's southern border to its northeast corner. The street and the Mission District through which it runs were named for the Spanish Mission Dolores, several blocks away from the modern route. Only the southern half is historically part of El Camino Real, which connected the missions. At 7.2 mi (11.6 km), it is the city's longest, and one of its oldest streets.
From the south, Mission Street enters the city mid-block between Templeton Avenue in Daly City and Huron Avenue in San Francisco, and continues north through the Crocker-Amazon, Excelsior, Bernal Heights, Outer Mission, Inner Mission, and Downtown neighborhoods. From there the road turns northeast and travels through the South of Market neighborhood (running a full block south of Market Street) before ending at The Embarcadero in downtown San Francisco.
South of Market, new high rises have risen along the street like the 40-story Paramount, the 26-story 101 Second Street, the 31-story JP MorganChase Building and the 42-story St. Regis Museum Tower. More high rises are planned or are under construction like the Millennium Tower, 555 Mission Street, and the San Francisco Transbay development.
wn.com/Mission_Street -
Montgomery Street
Montgomery Street is a north-south thoroughfare in San Francisco, in the United States.
It runs about 16 blocks from the Telegraph Hill neighborhood south through downtown, terminating at Market Street. South of Columbus Avenue, Montgomery Street runs through the heart of San Francisco's Financial District. For this reason, it is sometimes called "the Wall Street of the West". South of Market Street, the street continues as New Montgomery Street for two more blocks to terminate at Howard Street in the SOMA district.
In the 1830s, the land which is now Montgomery Street lay at the edge of San Francisco Bay. Intense land speculation during the Gold Rush created a demand for more usable land in the rapidly growing city, and sandy bluffs near the waterfront were leveled and the shallows filled with sand (and the ruins of many ships) to make new building lots. Between 1849 and 1852, the waterfront advanced about four blocks.[citation needed] At present, Montgomery Street is about seven blocks from the water.
wn.com/Montgomery_Street -
Moscow
Moscow (
/ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] (
listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.
wn.com/Moscow -
Mountain Lake Park
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1996/09/08/SC54566.DTL&ao=all The Tale of the Mountain Lake Monster As the gator hunter from the Florida swamps found out, sometimes hunh, hunh, hunh,' a flashlight and a three-pronged hook just doesn't cut it in San Francisco
Steve Rubenstein, CHRONICLE STAFF WRITER
Sunday, September 8, 1996
Mountain Lake Park is a San Francisco park in the Richmond District neighborhood, located north of the intersection of Lake and Funston. It was designed by engineer William Hammond Hall in the late 19th century, circa 1875. Hall also designed Golden Gate Park and was significantly influenced by Frederick Law Olmsted. Mountain Lake is a small body of water east of State Route 1 (Park Presidio Boulevard). On the south side of the lake is a playground and tennis court. A hiking trail that starts at Funston and Lake weaves along the south of the lake and then continues east along the southern edge of the Presidio. The trail forks at the southeast corner of the lake as the other trail turns north, weaving around the wilder east and north of the lake before going under Highway 1. The lake is at the southern tip of the Presidio of San Francisco and just south of the Presidio Golf Course. A variety of birds can be observed around the lake's water including California seagulls and ducks. The lake has even played home to a white alligator that was abandoned in its waters. On the east and south sides of the lake, native plants have been planted.
wn.com/Mountain_Lake_Park -
Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
wn.com/Mumbai -
Museo ItaloAmericano
Museo ItaloAmericano, also known as the Italian American Museum, is a museum in San Francisco, California, the only to focus solely on Italian and Italian-American art and culture. The nonprofit museum was founded in 1978 and is located within the Fort Mason Center. Although the museum always holds temporary exhibits, it also maintains a permanent collection, including works by Beniamino Bufano, Francesco Clemente, Sandro Chia, Mimmo Paladino, among others.
The museum also offers a number of Italian language classes, from beginner to advanced to casual conversation classes.
Coordinates: 37°48′25″N 122°25′53″W / 37.80695°N 122.431369°W / 37.80695; -122.431369
wn.com/Museo_ItaloAmericano -
Music Concourse
The Music Concourse is an open-air plaza within San Francisco's Golden Gate Park originally excavated for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894. After the fair, it underwent a significant redesign in order to be repurposed as a venue for public gatherings centered around music performances. The focal point of the plaza, Spreckels Temple of Music, also called the "Bandshell", was built in 1899 in advance of the Music Concourse's completion in 1900. It was severely damaged in the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes, has repeatedly undergone extensive renovation, and has served as a stage for numerous performers over the years including Luciano Pavarotti and the Grateful Dead. It has for decades been the venue for annual celebrations of the anniversary of the Polish [[Constitution of May 3, 1791.
Flanking the oval-shaped bowl are the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum and the California Academy of Sciences.
Three fountains line the center of the plaza with a fourth at the top of a staircase adjacent to the bowl. The plaza is planted with many trees laid out in a regular grid array. The trees, mostly London plane and Scotch elm, are heavily pollarded to give a very regular and formal appearance to the plaza. Numerous statuary dot the area, including representations of a Roman gladiator, Ulysses S. Grant, Ludwig von Beethoven, Giuseppe Verdi, and Junípero Serra. At the opposite end of the Music Concourse from the Bandshell is a monument dedicated to Francis Scott Key, though this was not its original location, having been moved to this spot in 1967. Several pedestrian tunnels lead from surrounding areas directly into the bowl. In the 2000s an extensive renovation of the Music Concourse and construction of new buildings for the two museums was performed, together with the installation of an underground parking garage.
wn.com/Music_Concourse -
Musée Mécanique
Coordinates: 37°48′37″N 122°25′03″E / 37.810377°N 122.417435°E / 37.810377; 122.417435
The Musée Mécanique (English: Mechanical Museum) is a for-profit interactive museum consisting of 20th-century penny arcade games and artifacts located at Fisherman's Wharf in San Francisco, California. The museum owns over 300 mechanical machines, and is one of the largest privately owned collection of such games in the world.
Owner Ed Zelinsky began collecting at age 11 and his games were exhibited in the 1920s at Playland. In the 1960s Playland closed and Musée Mécanique became a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The museum moved into the basement of the famed Cliff House, which is where Playland historically stood. Zelinsky's son, Dan Zelinsky, took a temporary job in the 1970s maintaining the collection. The museum was featured in the 2001 film The Princess Diaries.
In 2002 the National Park Service announced plans to relocate the Musée Mécanique temporarily to Fisherman's Wharf upon beginning renovations to the Cliff House. A portion of the $14 million renovation was devoted to the moving the museum, with support from the National Park Service, the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, and museum owner Ed Zelinsky.
wn.com/Musée_Mécanique -
Nagoya
Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
wn.com/Nagoya -
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
wn.com/New_York_City -
Northern California
Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. The San Francisco Bay Area (which includes the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and the largest city of the region, San Jose), and Sacramento (the state capital) as well as its metropolitan area are the main population centers. It also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada including Yosemite Valley and Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and the northern half of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.
The area also contains one of the 11 megaregions of the United States, spanning from the San Francisco Bay Area east to the Lake Tahoe-Reno area, and from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento.
Native Americans arrived in Northern California at least as early as 8,000 to 5,000 BC and perhaps even much before, and successive waves of arrivals led to one of the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries, did not establish European settlements in Northern California. In 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County.
wn.com/Northern_California -
Oakland Estuary
Coordinates: 37°47′41.02″N 122°18′54.92″W / 37.7947278°N 122.3152556°W / 37.7947278; -122.3152556
The Oakland Estuary is the body of water separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. On its western end it connects to San Francisco Bay, while its eastern end connects to San Leandro Bay.
The Estuary is spanned by two underwater tubes and three bridges. They are, from west to east:
Although the estuary was used by Native American tribes inhabiting the local area since about 4000 BC, the earliest recorded history of the Oakland Estuary dates primarily from events extending back to the 19th century, as detailed in a research study conducted by Earth Metrics for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.(Earth Metrics, 1990)(Shreffler, 1994) The Oakland Estuary and tributary stream channels were used for shipping transport regularly by the 1850s; early maritime commerce featured movement of lumber and cattle hides. At this time land west of Lake Merritt Slough consisted of undeveloped marshlands. In 1853 the first dredging project of this estuary was initiated to enable ferry service to San Francisco. By the late 19th century further landside development occurred featuring wharf expansions, railroad service and shipbuilding. By the early 20th century the industrial pace accelerated and brought numerous industries to the Oakland Estuary, including a number of uses which contributed to sediment contamination of the estuary, such as paint manufacturing, pesticide storage, coal distillation, foundry uses and petroleum refineries. It is also home to local rowing team The Oakland Strokes.
wn.com/Oakland_Estuary -
Octavia Boulevard
Octavia Boulevard (designated as Octavia Street north of Hayes Street) is a major street in San Francisco, California that replaced the Hayes Valley portion of the damaged two-level Central Freeway. Once a portion of Octavia Street alongside shadowy, fenced-off land beneath the elevated U.S. Route 101 roadway, Octavia Boulevard was redeveloped and redesigned to better use the freeway's right-of-way for additional street space and new housing.
The boulevard is merely four blocks long from Market to Fell Street, containing multiple lanes that separate local and through traffic. On Octavia, homes and businesses located immediately on the street are served by the quieter outer roadways, while lanes leading to and from the rebuilt Central Freeway spur connect faster traffic with the inner roadways. Having replaced a freeway, the boulevard distributes traffic smoothly and evenly throughout the immediate neighborhood, while maintaining the links to the major San Francisco traffic arterials that the old elevated freeway used to connect to directly, including Fell and Oak Streets (which serve the city's western neighborhoods) and Franklin and Gough Streets (which serve northern neighborhoods and the Golden Gate Bridge. A brand new park named Hayes Green was created as part of the boulevard project. It lies on Octavia between Fell and Hayes Street.
wn.com/Octavia_Boulevard -
Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
wn.com/Oklahoma_City -
Olympic Club
The Olympic Club is a San Francisco, California, athletic club and private social club with three golf courses located at San Francisco's border with Daly City, California. The club's main "City Clubhouse" is located in downtown San Francisco. The club's "Lakeside Clubhouse" is located just north of the city's border with Daly City. The two clubhouses are separated by about 10 miles. The three courses at the Olympic Club are the Cliffs, Lake and Ocean courses. The Lake and Ocean are 18-hole par-71 courses, and the Cliffs is a nine-hole par-3 course that is on the bluffs of the Pacific Ocean. All three courses are lined with many trees (almost 40,000 on the Lake course) and offer views of the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Park. The United States Golf Association recognizes the Olympic Club as one of the first 100 golf clubs established in the United States.
First named the "San Francisco Olympic Club", it is the oldest athletic club in the United States. Established on May 6, 1860, its first officers were President, G.W. Bell, Secretary, E. Bonnell, Treasurer, H.G. Hanks, and Leader, Arthur Nahl.
wn.com/Olympic_Club -
Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
wn.com/Osaka -
Oxnard Plain
The Oxnard Plain is a large coastal plain in southwest Ventura County, California bounded by the Santa Monica Mountains, the Santa Susana Mountains, and Oak Ridge (beyond which lies the Conejo Valley) to the east, the Topatopa Mountains to the north, the Santa Clara River Valley to the northeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south and west. The Oxnard Plain is also home to the western half of the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura Metro Area which includes the cities of Oxnard, Ventura, Camarillo, Port Hueneme and Santa Paula, as well as the unincorporated towns of Channel Islands, El Rio, Montalvo, Saticoy and Somis.
The alluvial plain is home to some of the most fertile soil in the world, and as such, agriculture is one of the region's most vital and important industries. The Oxnard Plain is known for its strawberries, leading to the moniker "Strawberry Capital of the World" and the annual California Strawberry Festival, the nation's largest. (Likewise, Santa Paula is called "The Citrus Capital of the World".) Oxnard Plain is also a major producer of celery, lima beans, lettuce, tomatoes, broccoli, onions and citrus fruits, namely lemons. The Plain also produces a major proportion of the transplanted Asian vegetable crop for the US including produce such as Bok Choi.
wn.com/Oxnard_Plain -
PacBell Building
The PacBell Building or 140 New Montgomery Street in San Francisco's South of Market district is a Neo-Gothic, 132.6 m (435 ft) office tower located close to the St. Regis Museum Tower and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. The 26-floor building was completed in 1925 and was San Francisco's first significant skyscraper development when construction began in 1924. The building was the tallest in San Francisco until the Russ Building matched its height two years later in 1927. The building is illuminated at night.
The building was originally called the Pacific Telephone Building. At the time of its construction, the operating telephone company it housed was Pacific Telephone & Telegraph, a member of the Bell System. The building once had a bell motif in many places on its façade, most notably surrounding the arch over the main entrance doors on New Montgomery Street. After the breakup of the Bell System (AT&T) and the formation the regional so-called Baby Bell companies, Pacific Telephone changed its name to "Pacific Bell". The tower has an "L" shaped floor plan and the architecture decoratively incorporates spotlights to light the outside of the building.
wn.com/PacBell_Building -
Painted Ladies
"Painted ladies" is a term used for Victorian and Edwardian houses and buildings painted in three or more colors that embellish or enhance their architectural details. The term was first used for San Francisco Victorian houses by writers Elizabeth Pomada and Michael Larsen in their 1978 book Painted Ladies - San Francisco's Resplendent Victorians. Since then the term has also been used to describe groups of colorful Victorian houses in other American cities, such as the Charles Village neighborhood in Baltimore, Lafayette Square in St. Louis, Missouri, the greater San Francisco and New Orleans areas, Columbia-Tusculum in Cincinnati and the city of Cape May, New Jersey.
Some preservationists[who?] use the term polychrome for the style.
About 48,000 houses in the Victorian and Edwardian styles were built in San Francisco between 1849 and 1915 (with the change from Victorian to Edwardian occurring on the death of Queen Victoria in 1901), and many were painted in bright colors. As one newspaper critic noted in 1885, "...red, yellow, chocolate, orange, everything that is loud is in fashion...if the upper stories are not of red or blue... they are painted up into uncouth panels of yellow and brown..." While many of the mansions of Nob Hill were destroyed by the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, thousands of the mass-produced, more modest houses survived in the western and southern neighborhoods of the city.
wn.com/Painted_Ladies -
Paris
Coordinates: 48°51′24″N 2°21′03″E / 48.8567°N 2.3508°E / 48.8567; 2.3508
Paris (i/ˈpærɨs/; French: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of France. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region (or Paris Region, French: Région parisienne). As of January 2008 the city of Paris, within its administrative limits (the 20 arrondissements) largely unchanged since 1860, has an estimated population of 2,211,297 and a metropolitan population of 12,089,098, and is one of the most populated metropolitan areas in Europe. Paris was the largest city in the Western world for about 1,000 years, prior to the 19th century, and the largest in the entire world between the 16th and 19th centuries.
Paris is today one of the world's leading business and cultural centres, and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. It hosts the headquarters of many international organizations such as UNESCO, the OECD, the International Chamber of Commerce or the European Space Agency. Paris is considered one of the greenest and most liveable cities in Europe. It is also one of the most expensive.
wn.com/Paris -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
wn.com/Philadelphia -
Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
wn.com/Philippines -
Pier 39
Pier 39 is a shopping center and popular tourist attraction built on a pier in San Francisco, California. At Pier 39, there are shops, restaurants, a video arcade, street performances, an interpretive center for the Marine Mammal Center, the Aquarium of the Bay, virtual 3D rides, and views of California sea lions hauled out on docks on Pier 39's marina. The marina is also home to the floating Forbes Island restaurant. A two-story carousel is one of the pier's more dominant features, although it is not directly visible from the street and sits towards the end of the pier. The family-oriented entertainment and presence of marine mammals make this a popular tourist location for families with kids.
The pier is located at the edge of the Fisherman's Wharf district and is close to North Beach, Chinatown, and the Embarcadero. The area is easily accessible via the historic F Market streetcars.
From the pier one can see Angel Island, Alcatraz, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Bay Bridge. Blue & Gold Fleet's bay cruises leave from Pier 39.
wn.com/Pier_39 -
Polk Street
Polk Street is a street in San Francisco, California, that travels northward from Market Street to Beach Street and is one of the main thoroughfares of the Polk Gulch neighborhood traversing through the Tenderloin, Nob Hill, and Russian Hill neighborhoods. The street takes its name from former U.S. President James K. Polk. The street remains a busy business district with many restaurants, cafes, home decorating and hardware stores.
As the original center of the city's LGBT community, it has remained one of the core centers along with The Castro and the South of Market (SOMA); Polk Street was the location of the first official San Francisco Gay Pride Parade in 1972. In the 1950s through the 1970s Halloween on Polk Street became a major attraction for tourists and locals. In the 1990s and 2000s the neighborhood started to gentrify. It remains prominent for its nightlife although prostitutes and their pimps are still a common sight on the street.
The street also has bike lanes, which were approved in 2002, and has both slowed down the traffic and greatly increased a neighborhood feel.
wn.com/Polk_Street -
Port of Oakland
The Port of Oakland is the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for container ships. It is now the fifth busiest container port in the United States, behind Long Beach, Los Angeles, Newark, and Savannah. Development of an intermodal container handling system in 2002 culminated over a decade of planning and construction to produce a high volume cargo facility that positions the Port of Oakland for further expansion of the West Coast freight market share.
Originally, the estuary, 500 feet (150 m) wide, had a depth of two feet at mean low tide. In 1852, the year of Oakland's incorporation as a town by the California State Legislature, large shipping wharves were constructed along the Oakland Estuary, which was dredged to create a viable shipping channel. 22 years later, in 1874, the previously dredged shipping channel was deepened to make Oakland a deep water port.
In the late 19th century, the Southern Pacific was granted exclusive rights to the port, a decision the city soon came to regret. In January 1906, a small work party in the employ of the Western Pacific Railroad, which had just begun construction, hastily threw a crossing over the SP line to connect the WP mainline with trackage built on an area of landfill. This act, protested by the SP and later held up in court, broke the railroad's grip on the port area. The courts ruled that all landfill since the date of the agreement did not belong to the SP. This ruling ended SP control and made the modern Port of Oakland possible.
wn.com/Port_of_Oakland -
Portsmouth Square
Portsmouth Square (Chinese: 花園角 Pinyin: Huāyuán jiǎo) is a one-block park in Chinatown, San Francisco, California, that is bounded by Kearny Street on the east, Washington Street on the north, Clay Street on the south, and Walter Lum Place on the west.
Portsmouth Square is located on the site of the first public square established in the early 19th century in the Mexican community of Yerba Buena, whose name was changed to San Francisco in 1847. During the Mexican-American War, when the Americans were bent on acquiring Alta California, Captain John Berrien Montgomery of the USS Portsmouth was ordered to seize Yerba Buena. On July 9, 1846, the first American flag was raised near the Mexican adobe custom house in the plaza that would eventually be named Portsmouth Square in honor of the ship.
Many historical events have happened at the plaza. In 1847, the first public school in California was erected at the southwest corner of plaza. On May 11, 1848, the discovery of gold was announced when Sam Brannan showed his gold to a crowd. On June 12, 1849, a crowd was gathered at the plaza, demanding election of delegates at the Monterey Constitutional Convention. An assembly was organized on July 16, 1849 to fight against a lawless body 'The Hounds.' On August 29, 1850, a memorial service was held after the death of US President Zachary Taylor. The First Admission Day celebration was held October 29, 1850 when California became the 31st state of the United States. On June 1, 1852, a crowd protested against the purchase of the Jenny Lind Theatre as the city hall. On September 18, 1859, Colonel E. D. Baker delivered an oration after U.S. Senator David C. Broderick was killed in a duel with California Chief Justice David S. Terry.
wn.com/Portsmouth_Square -
Randall Museum
The Randall Museum is a museum in San Francisco, California and is owned and operated by the City's Recreation and Parks Department. It focuses on the arts, crafts, sciences, and natural history. On view are a number of live native and domestic animals and interactive displays. The Museum is located in Corona Heights Park on a large hill between the Castro and Haight districts of San Francisco, and boasts stunning views of the city, downtown financial district and the bay.
The museum charges no admission and offers events, movies, plays, lectures, exhibits, and classes for ages 3–adult, but is geared mostly toward children and educational field trips. Child and adult classes are available in the wood shop and pottery studio. The museum has special topic days, such as Bug Day, Mushroom Day, and Water & Sun Day, during which interested clubs and sponsors participate.
The Golden Gate Model Rail Road Club (GGMRC) has been a tenant in the west basement wing since 1961. Children run HO-scale trains around the layout on "Junior Engineer Days," on the third Saturday of every odd month.
wn.com/Randall_Museum -
Red Rock Island
Red Rock Island is an uninhabited, 5.8-acre (2.3 ha) island in the San Francisco Bay located just south of the Richmond – San Rafael Bridge. The property is the only privately owned island in San Francisco Bay. The boundaries of three counties – San Francisco, Marin and Contra Costa – converge on this high rock. The San Francisco County portion is an incorporated part of the city of San Francisco since it is a consolidated city-county; the Contra Costa portion (most of the island) is incorporated inside the city limits of Richmond.
The mountain of bright red earth and rock is 500 ft (150 m) across from east to west, 750 ft (230 m) from north and south, and rises out of the bay to a height of 172 ft (52 m). It is surrounded by some of the deepest water in the North Bay - 60 ft (18 m) deep.
Selim E. Woodworth was the first owner and resident of Red Rock Island, where he built a cabin and maintained a hunting preserve. The island was once mined for manganese. It was privately purchased in the 1920s. After a series of owners, David Glickman, at the time a San Francisco attorney and part-time real estate buyer, purchased the island in 1964 for US$49,500.
wn.com/Red_Rock_Island -
Research Triangle
Coordinates: 35°53′N 78°47′W / 35.88°N 78.79°W / 35.88; -78.79
The Research Triangle, also known as Raleigh-Durham or Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, and commonly referred to as simply "The Triangle", is a region in the Piedmont of North Carolina in the United States, anchored by North Carolina State University, Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and cities of Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill respectively. The eight-county region, officially named the Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA, comprises the Raleigh-Cary and Durham-Chapel Hill metropolitan areas and the Dunn Micropolitan Statistical Area. A 2009 Census Estimate put the population at 1,742,816. The Raleigh-Durham television market includes a broader 23-county area which includes Fayetteville, and has a population of 2,726,000 persons.
The "Triangle" name was cemented in the public consciousness in the 1950s with the creation of Research Triangle Park, home to numerous high-tech companies and enterprises. Although the name is now used to refer to the geographic region, "The Triangle" originally referred to the universities, whose research facilities, and the educated workforce they provide, have historically served as a major attraction for businesses located in the region. The region should not be confused with "The Triad", which is a North Carolina region adjacent to and directly west of the Triangle comprising Greensboro, Winston-Salem, and High Point, among other cities. Most of the Triangle is represented by, and closely associated with, the second, fourth and thirteenth congressional districts.
wn.com/Research_Triangle -
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( /ˈriːoʊ deɪ ʒəˈnɛəroʊ/ or /ˈriːoʊ deɪ dʒəˈnɛəroʊ/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈʁi.u dʒi ʒaˈnejɾu],River of January), commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th largest in the Americas, and 26th in the world.
The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City."
Rio de Janeiro represents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world in 2008), estimated at about R$ 343 billion (IBGE/2008) (nearly US$ 201 billion), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies – Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. The home of many universities and institutes, it is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production – according to 2005 data.
wn.com/Rio_de_Janeiro -
Ruhr
The Ruhr (German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott, Pott or Revier), is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 7100/km² and a population of some 7.3 million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany. It consists of several large, formerly industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the Southwest it borders to the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people.
Since the Ruhr is polycentric, coordinates shown are general in nature and so can be used to focus on the entire region of the Ruhr: 51°30′N 7°30′E / 51.5°N 7.5°E / 51.5; 7.5.
From west to east, the region includes the cities of Duisburg, Oberhausen, Bottrop, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Herne, Hagen, Dortmund, and Hamm, as well as parts of the more "rural" districts Wesel, Recklinghausen, Unna and Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis. Historically, the western Ruhr towns, such as Duisburg and Essen, belonged to the historic region of the Rhineland, whereas the eastern part of the Ruhr, including Gelsenkirchen, Bochum, Dortmund and Hamm, were part of the region of Westphalia. Since the 19th century, these districts have grown together into a large complex with a vast industrial landscape, inhabited by some 7.3 million people (when including Düsseldorf and Wuppertal). It is the fifth largest urban area in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow, London and Paris.
wn.com/Ruhr -
Sacramento Valley
The Sacramento Valley is the portion of the California Central Valley that lies to the north of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in the U.S. state of California. It encompasses all or parts of ten counties.
The Sacramento River and its tributaries dominate the geography of the Sacramento Valley. Rising in the various mountain ranges (the various Northern Coast Ranges to the west, the southern Siskiyou Mountains to the north, and the northern Sierra Nevada to the east) that define the shape of the valley, they provide water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and recreation uses. Most of the rivers are heavily dammed and diverted.
The terrain of the Sacramento Valley is primarily flat grasslands that become lusher as one moves east from the rain shadow of the Coast Ranges toward the Sierras. Unlike the San Joaquin Valley, which in its pre-irrigation state was a vegetation-hostile desert, the somewhat less arid Sacramento Valley had significant tracts of forest prior to the arrival of settlers of European ancestry. Most of it was cut down during the California Gold Rush and the ensuing wave of white American settlement. Although there are still some heavily tree-populated areas such as the greater Sacramento area.
wn.com/Sacramento_Valley -
San Andreas Fault
The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that runs a length of roughly 810 miles (1,300 km) through California in the United States. The fault's motion is right-lateral strike-slip (horizontal motion). It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
The fault was first identified in Northern California by UC Berkeley geology professor Andrew Lawson in 1895 and named by him after a small lake which lies in a linear valley formed by the fault just south of San Francisco, the Laguna de San Andreas. After the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake, Lawson also discovered that the San Andreas Fault stretched southward into southern California. Large-scale (hundreds of miles) lateral movement along the fault was first proposed in a 1953 paper by geologists Mason Hill and Thomas Dibblee.
The San Andreas Fault can be divided into three segments.
The southern segment (known as the Mojave segment) begins near Bombay Beach, California. Box Canyon, near the Salton Sea, contains upturned strata resulting from that section of the fault. The fault then runs along the southern base of the San Bernardino Mountains, crosses through the Cajon Pass and continues to run northwest along the northern base of the San Gabriel Mountains. These mountains are a result of movement along the San Andreas Fault and are commonly called the Transverse Range. In Palmdale, a portion of the fault is easily examined as a roadcut for the Antelope Valley Freeway runs directly through it.
wn.com/San_Andreas_Fault -
San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
wn.com/San_Antonio -
San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
wn.com/San_Diego -
San Fernando Valley
The San Fernando Valley (locally known as "The Valley") is an urbanized valley located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of southern California, United States, defined by the dramatic mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. Home to 1.76 million people, it lies north of the larger and more populous Los Angeles Basin.
Nearly two thirds of the Valley's land area is part of the city of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the valley are Burbank, Glendale, San Fernando, Hidden Hills and Calabasas.
The San Fernando Valley is about 260 square miles (670 km2) bounded by the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest, the Simi Hills to the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south, the Verdugo Mountains to the east, and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast. The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwestern Topatopa Mountains, southern Santa Ana Mountains, and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.
wn.com/San_Fernando_Valley -
San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
wn.com/San_Francisco -
San Francisco Mint
The San Francisco Mint is a branch of the United States Mint, and was opened in 1854 to serve the gold mines of the California Gold Rush. It quickly outgrew its first building and moved into a new one in 1874. This building, the Old United States Mint, also known affectionately as The Granite Lady, is one of the few that survived the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake. It served until 1937, when the present facility was opened.
Within the first year of its operation, the San Francisco mint turned $4 million in gold bullion into coins. The second building, completed in 1874, was designed by Alfred B. Mullett in a conservative Greek Revival style with a sober Doric order. The building had a central pedimented portico flanked by projecting wings in an E-shape; it was built round a completely enclosed central courtyard that contained a well—the features that saved it during the fire of 1906, when the heat melted the plate glass windows and exploded sandstone and granite blocks with which it was faced. The building sat on a concrete and granite foundation, designed to thwart tunneling into its vaults, which at the time of the 1906 fire held $300 million, fully a third of the United States' gold reserves. Heroic efforts by Superintendent of the Mint, Frank A. Leach, and his men preserved the building and the bullion that then backed the nation's currency. The mint resumed operation soon thereafter, continuing until 1937.
wn.com/San_Francisco_Mint -
San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley /ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ is the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in Stockton. Although most of the valley is rural, it does contain MSAs (urban cities and suburbs) such as Delano, Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, Modesto, Visalia, Porterville, Merced, Madera, and Hanford.
The San Joaquin Valley extends from the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in the north to the Tehachapi Mountains in the south, and from the various California coastal ranges (from the Diablo Range in the north to the Temblor Range in the south) in the west to the Sierra Nevada in the east. Unlike the Sacramento Valley, the river system for which the San Joaquin Valley is named does not extend very far along the valley. Most of the valley south of Fresno instead drains into Tulare Lake, which no longer exists continuously due to diversion of its sources. The valley's primary river is the San Joaquin, which drains north through about half of the valley into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Kings, and Kern rivers are in the southern endorheic basin of the valley, all of which have been largely diverted for agricultural uses and are mostly dry in their lower reaches.
wn.com/San_Joaquin_Valley -
San Leandro Bay
San Leandro Bay is a body of water in the San Francisco Bay. It is connected to the Oakland Estuary today, but was originally separated by land which formerly connected Alameda with Oakland. It is located along the east of the Oakland International Airport and Bay Farm Island. The principal stream which flows into San Leandro Bay is San Leandro Creek. Damon Marsh is located there.
Coordinates: 37°45′07″N 122°13′16″W / 37.752°N 122.221°W / 37.752; -122.221
wn.com/San_Leandro_Bay -
San Pablo Bay
San Pablo Bay is a tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of San Francisco Bay in northern California in the United States. Most of the Bay is shallow; however, there is a deep water channel approximately in mid bay, which allows access to Sacramento, Stockton, Benicia, Martinez, and other smaller Delta ports.
It receives the waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, via Suisun Bay and the Carquinez Strait on its northeast end, and it connects to the Pacific Ocean via the San Francisco Bay on its southern end. The bay is heavily silted from the contributions of the two rivers, which themselves drain most of the Central Valley of California. San Pablo Bay also receives the waters of Sonoma Creek through the Napa Sonoma Marsh, San Rafael Creek, and the Petaluma River directly, and the Napa River which flows into the Carquinez Strait via the Mare Island Strait near its entrance into the bay. All tributaries except for Sonoma Creek are commercially navigable and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
wn.com/San_Pablo_Bay -
Santa Clara Valley
The Santa Clara Valley (also known as Silicon Valley) is a valley just south of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States. Much of Santa Clara County and its county seat, San José, are in the Santa Clara Valley. The valley was originally known as the Valley of Heart’s Delight for its high concentration of orchards, flowering trees, and plants. Until the 1960s it was the largest fruit production and packing region in the world, with 39 canneries. Once primarily agricultural because of its highly fertile soil, it is now largely urbanized, although its far southern reaches south of Gilroy remain rural. Silicon Valley is roughly coterminous with the Santa Clara Valley, although since the former is as much a state of mind as an actual location, people often refer to parts of the San Francisco Peninsula as being part of Silicon Valley as well. Locally, the Santa Clara Valley is also referred to as the "South Bay." Few traces of its agricultural past can still be found, but the Santa Clara Valley American Viticultural Area remains a large wine-making region. It is the first commercial wine-producing region in California (and possibly the United States), utilizing high-quality French varietal vines imported from France.
wn.com/Santa_Clara_Valley -
Santa Clarita Valley
The Santa Clarita Valley is the valley of the Santa Clara River in Southern California. It stretches through Los Angeles County and Ventura County. Its main population center is the city of Santa Clarita. The valley was part of the 48,612-acre (19,673 ha) Rancho San Francisco Mexican land grant. Some of the communities within the SCV include the city of Santa Clarita, which is made up of Canyon Country, Newhall, Saugus, and Valencia. Adjacent unincorporated communities include Castaic, Stevenson Ranch, Sunset Pointe, Tesoro, Val Verde, Westridge and the new master planned community of Newhall Ranch.
Downstream of Santa Clarita, the valley is called Heritage Valley, consisting of Piru, Fillmore, and Santa Paula. The upstream portion is called Soledad Canyon which contains the communities of Vincent, Acton, Ravenna, and Agua Dulce.
The internationally renowned California Institute of the Arts, commonly referred to as CalArts, is located in Santa Clarita Valley in Valencia.
College of the Canyons is a public two-year community college that operates within the Santa Clarita Community College District. The college is located on 153.4 acres (62.1 ha) of rolling, tree-dotted hills in the incorporated city of Santa Clarita in northern Los Angeles County, California. The college’s address is: 26455 Rockwell Canyon Road, Santa Clarita, CA 91355. Dr. Dianne G. Van Hook is president of the college and chancellor of the Santa Clarita Community College District. She has headed the college and district since 1988.
wn.com/Santa_Clarita_Valley -
Santiago
Santiago (Spanish: Santiago de Chile (help·info)), also Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation (Greater Santiago). It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of 520 m (1,706.04 ft) above mean sea level. Although Santiago is the capital, the National Congress of Chile meets in the coastal town of Valparaíso, 120 km to the west.
Chile's steady economic growth has transformed Santiago into Latin America's most modern metropolitan area, with extensive suburban development, dozens of shopping centers, and impressive high-rise architecture. It has a very modern transport infrastructure, including the steadily growing underground Santiago Metro, an effort at modernizing public bus transport and a free flow toll-based ring road and inner city highway system, part of which is tunneled underneath a large section of the city's main river Mapocho connecting the Eastern and Western end of the city in a 25-minute drive. Santiago is the regional headquarters to many multinationals and a financial center.
wn.com/Santiago -
Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
wn.com/Seattle -
Seoul
Seoul (Korean pronunciation: [sʌ.ul] ( listen), English /soʊl/), officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world. The Seoul National Capital Area is the world's second largest metropolitan area with over 25 million inhabitants, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Almost a quarter of South Koreans live in Seoul, half of South Koreans live in the metropolitan area, along with over 275,000 international residents.
Located in the Han River, Seoul has been a major settlement for over 2,000 years, with its foundation dating back to 18 B.C. when Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, established its capital in what is now south-east Seoul. It continued as the capital of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. The Seoul National Capital Area is home to four UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung, Hwaseong Fortress, Jongmyo Shrine and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon Dynasty.
wn.com/Seoul -
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the largest city proper by population in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities of the PRC, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010. It is a global city, with influence in commerce, culture, finance, media, fashion, technology, and transport. It is a major financial center and the busiest container port in the world.
Located in the Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, Shanghai sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.
Once a fishing and textiles town, Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to European recognition of its favorable port location and economic potential. The city was one of several opened to foreign trade following the British victory over China in the first opium war and the subsequent 1842 Treaty of Nanking which allowed the establishment of the Shanghai International Settlement. The city then flourished as a center of commerce between east and west, and became the undisputed financial hub of the Asia Pacific in the 1930s. However, with the Communist Party takeover of the mainland in 1949, the city's international influence declined. In the 1990s, the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense re-development of the city, aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city.
wn.com/Shanghai -
Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
wn.com/Shenzhen -
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third (1/3) of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula Valley, and the southern East Bay.
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph Vaerst, a successful Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled "Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.
wn.com/Silicon_Valley -
Southern California
Southern California (SoCal) is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego. The United States - Mexico border makes up the southern border. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the nation.
Southern California's population encompasses five metropolitan, or MSA, areas: Los Angeles County and Orange County together make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; the Inland Empire consists of such cities as Riverside, Ontario, and San Bernardino; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metro area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas; the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over 4 million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; with San Diego as Southern California's other CSA metropolitan area. With over 22 million people, roughly 60% of California's population resides in Southern California.
wn.com/Southern_California -
Stonestown Galleria
Stonestown Galleria is a 862,000-square-foot (80,100 m2) shopping mall in San Francisco, California, anchored by Nordstrom, Macy's, and Ode Books, formerly Borders Books & Music. The original Stonestown Mall was developed by Stoneson Development Corporation, but the complex is now owned and managed by General Growth Properties, and is located immediately north of San Francisco State University.
Stonestown Galleria, originally Stonestown Shopping Center, was built in 1952 by the Stoneson brothers. It was built in the Lakeside neighborhood, bordering Lake Merced, along with apartments that could house 3,000–3,500 people. The major tenant, the Emporium department store, opened on July 16, 1952. Other early businesses included Walgreens, Butler Brothers, Gallenkamp Shoes, the Red Chimney restaurant and Woolworth's. There were stores for local residents, including a grocery store, a bakery, and movie theaters.
The Stoneson brothers' development firm was also responsible for the later Stoneridge Shopping Center (located in east suburban Pleasanton) and Lakeside Village.
wn.com/Stonestown_Galleria -
Sutro Baths
The Sutro Baths were a large, privately owned swimming pool complex in San Francisco, California, built in the late 19th century. The building housing the baths burned down in 1966 and was abandoned. The ruins may still be visited.
On March 14, 1896, the Sutro Baths were opened to the public as the world's largest indoor swimming pool establishment. The baths were built on the sleepy western side of San Francisco by wealthy entrepreneur and former mayor of San Francisco (1894–1896), Adolph Sutro. The vast glass, iron, wood, and reinforced concrete structure was mostly hidden, and filled a small beach inlet below the Cliff House, also owned by Adolph Sutro at the time. Both the Cliff House and the former baths site are now a part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area and operated by the United States National Park Service.
A visitor to the baths not only had a choice of seven different swimming pools—one fresh water and six salt water baths ranging in temperatures—but could also visit a museum displaying Sutro's large and varied personal collection of artifacts from his travels, a concert hall, seating for 8,000, and, at one time, an ice skating rink. During high tides, water would flow directly into the pools from the nearby ocean, recycling the two million US gallons (7,600 m³) of water in about an hour. During low tides, a powerful turbine water pump, built inside a cave at sea level, could be switched on from a control room and could fill the tanks at a rate of 6,000 US gallons a minute (380 L/s), recycling all the water in five hours.
wn.com/Sutro_Baths -
Sutro Tower
Sutro Tower is a 297.8 m (977 ft) three-pronged antenna tower near Clarendon Heights in San Francisco, California. Rising from a hill between Twin Peaks and Mount Sutro, it is a prominent part of the city skyline and a landmark for city residents and visitors. However, many local people opposed the tower even before it was completed, including criticism of the aesthetic effect the tower would have on the rest of San Francisco. San Francisco writer Herb Caen once wrote, “I keep waiting for it to stalk down the hill and attack the Golden Gate Bridge.” Acknowledging both displeasure and affection for its undeniable prominence on the city's skyline, it is sometimes referred to light-heartedly as the Sutro Monster.
Before the construction of Sutro Tower, television reception in San Francisco was spotty because the many hills of the city would block the line-of-sight television signal. The great height of the new tower helped to resolve that problem. Transmitters had been scattered throughout the Bay Area, including at San Bruno Mountain, Mt. Allison, Monument Peak, and Mt. Diablo. By having all the main Bay Area television station transmitters in one location, reception was improved by allowing a receiving antenna pointed in a single direction to receive all those stations rather than a subset. However, after the NBC affiliation was transferred to KNTV, that station chose to broadcast from San Bruno Mountain which is five miles south of Sutro Tower. This requires viewers in some locations to reorient their antenna in order to receive the NBC programming.
wn.com/Sutro_Tower -
São Paulo
São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( listen); Saint Paul;), popularly known as Sampa, is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and Americas, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among the five largest metropolitan areas on the planet. São Paulo is the capital of the state of São Paulo, which is the most populous Brazilian state, and exerts strong regional influence in commerce and finance as well as arts and entertainment. São Paulo maintains strong international influence and is considered an Alpha- World City. The name of the city honors Saint Paul.
The metropolis has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It houses several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art and the Ibirapuera Park. The Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds many high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazil Grand Prix Formula 1 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open, and the São Paulo Indy 300.
wn.com/São_Paulo -
Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
wn.com/Taipei -
Tampa Bay Area
Coordinates: 28°00′N 82°18′W / 28°N 82.3°W / 28; -82.3
The Tampa Bay Area is the region of west central Florida adjacent to Tampa Bay. Definitions of the region vary. It is often considered equivalent to the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater Metropolitan Statistical Area (or MSA) defined by the United States Census Bureau. The Census Bureau currently estimates the population for the CMSA at 4,228,855 as of 2010 during consolidation. as of July 1, 2008, making it the second most populous metropolitan area in Florida and fourth in the Southeast.
A wider definition is adopted by other entities, including state agencies like Enterprise Florida and the Florida Department of Transportation, and the Tampa Bay Partnership, a not-for-profit organization created to promote economic growth in the region. These entities include additional nearby counties. According to the Tampa Bay Partnership the Greater Tampa Bay Region contains 4 million residents. The Tampa Bay Partnership and U.S. Census data showed an average annual growth of 2.47 percent, or a gain of approximately 97,000 residents per year between 2000 and 2006. The combined Greater Tampa Bay region experienced a combined growth rate of 14.8 percent, growing from 3.4 million to 3.9 million and hitting the 4 million mark on April 1, 2007 in the continuous Tampa Bay urban area.
wn.com/Tampa_Bay_Area -
Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
wn.com/Tehran -
The Fillmore
The Fillmore Auditorium is a historic music venue in San Francisco, California, made famous by Bill Graham. Named for its original location at the intersection of Fillmore Street and Geary Boulevard, it lies on the boundary of the Western Addition and the Pacific Heights neighborhoods.
In 1968, Graham moved his concerts to a different venue in San Francisco, formerly known as The Carousel Ballroom and El Patio at Market Street and South Van Ness Avenue, that he renamed Fillmore West.
The original Fillmore Auditorium continued under the name The Elite Club. Graham began presenting concerts at the original Fillmore Auditorium again in the 1980s, but it was closed due to earthquake damage in October 1989. After much structural work, in 1994 the original Geary Boulevard location re-opened as The Fillmore.
As of 2008, The Fillmore is leased and operated by Live Nation.
In the mid-1960s, The Fillmore Auditorium became the focal point for psychedelic music and counterculture in general, with such acts as John Mahon, The Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix Experience, Big Brother and the Holding Company, Carlos Santana, The Allman Brothers Band, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Miles Davis, and British acts The Who, Pink Floyd, Elton John, and Cream all performing at the venue. Besides rock, Graham also featured non-rock acts such as Lenny Bruce, Miles Davis, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, Charles Lloyd, Aretha Franklin, and Otis Redding as well as poetry readings.
wn.com/The_Fillmore -
Tianjin
Tianjin (help·info) (Chinese: 天津; pinyin: Tiānjīn; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰjɛ́ntɕín]; Tianjinese: /tʰiɛn˨˩tɕin˨˩/~[tʰjɛ̃̀ɦɪ̀ŋ]; Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea.
As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Binhai New Area. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.
In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to foreign concessions in the late Qing Dynasty and early Kuomintang (KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to the Binhai New Area and the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA).
wn.com/Tianjin -
Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
wn.com/Tokyo -
Tom Ammiano
Tom Ammiano (born December 15, 1941) is an American politician and LGBT rights activist from San Francisco, California. Ammiano is a Democrat who has served as a member of the California State Assembly since 2008, representing the 13th district. He had previously been a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and had mounted an unsuccessful bid for mayor of San Francisco in 1999.
Ammiano was born and grew up in Montclair, New Jersey. He attended Seton Hall University in 1963 and received a bachelor's degree in communication. He was an Easter Seals Camp counselor in the summers of 1962-3, later attending San Francisco State University in 1965 where he received a master's degree in special education. He taught English to children in South Vietnam as part of a Quaker program, but left shortly after the Tet Offensive in 1968.
Ammiano is a former public school teacher. In 1975, he became the first public school teacher in San Francisco to make his sexual orientation a matter of public knowledge. In 1977, Ammiano founded the movement (No on 6) against the Briggs Initiative, started by John Briggs to ban all gay people from teaching in California, with activists Hank Wilson and Harvey Milk. The anti-Briggs movement, supported by people as diverse as Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, was successful in defeating the initiative in 1978.
wn.com/Tom_Ammiano -
Tomales Bay
Tomales Bay is a long narrow inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Marin County in northern California in the United States. It is approximately 15 miles (25 km) long and averages nearly 1.0 miles (1.6 km) wide, effectively separating the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland of Marin County. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of San Francisco. The bay forms the eastern boundary of Point Reyes National Seashore. Tomales Bay is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy. On its northern end it opens out onto Bodega Bay, which shelters it from the direct current of the Pacific. The bay is formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault.
Oyster farming is a major industry on the bay. The two largest producers are Tomales Bay Oyster Co and Hog Island Oyster Co, both of which retail oysters to the public and have picnic grounds on the east shore. Hillsides east of Tomales Bay are grazed by cows belonging to local dairies. There is also grazing land west of the bay, on farms and ranches leased from Point Reyes National Seashore.
wn.com/Tomales_Bay -
Tonga Room
The Tonga Room & Hurricane Bar is a restaurant and tiki bar in the Fairmont San Francisco hotel in San Francisco, California. Named after the South Pacific nation of Tonga, this dining and entertainment venue opened in 1945. The Tonga Room replaced the Terrace Plunge, an indoor swimming pool that was installed in the Fairmont in 1929. The pool was transformed into the Tonga Room's lagoon. The restaurant was redesigned again in 1967.
A report by the City of San Francisco Planning Department called the Tonga Room a "historical resource." Citing the Polynesian-themed bar's artificial lagoon, rainstorms, and lava rock, the report said: "The Tonga Room exhibits exceptional importance due to its rarity and as one of the best examples of 'high-style' Tiki bar/restaurant in San Francisco."
Coordinates: 37°47′32″N 122°24′36″W / 37.79214°N 122.41000°W / 37.79214; -122.41000
wn.com/Tonga_Room -
Top of the Mark
The Top of the Mark is a rooftop bar located at the top of the Mark Hopkins Hotel on Nob Hill at California and Mason Streets in San Francisco, California. Located at the highest point of downtown San Francisco, on fog-free days the Top of the Mark features spectacular views of the financial district, Chinatown, North Beach, The San Francisco Bay, and especially of Grace Cathedral and Huntington Park. The bar was included in the original design of the Mark Hopkins Hotel, which is interesting because the hotel was designed and built during prohibition. The hotel itself was built on the site of the old Mark Hopkins mansion, which burnt down after the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.
The Top of the Mark features over 100 variations on the martini. During World War II, when San Francisco was a major transit point for troops going to the Pacific Theater, US Navy officers traditionally had a farewell drink before shipping out while watching the sun set over the Golden Gate Bridge. The bar remains popular today, featuring dancing and live music most days of the week.
wn.com/Top_of_the_Mark -
Toronto
Toronto (/təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially /ˈtrɒnoʊ/) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from the Mississaugas of the New Credit. The settlement was later established as the Town of York and proclaimed as the new capital of Upper Canada by its lieutenant-governor, John Graves Simcoe. In 1834, York was incorporated as a city and renamed to its present name. The city was ransacked in the Battle of York during the War of 1812 and damaged in two great fires in 1849 and in 1904. Since its incorporation, Toronto has repeatedly expanded its borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities, most recently in 1998.
With over 2.6 million residents, it is the fifth most populous city in North America. Its metropolitan area has over 5.5 million residents. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which has a population of nearly 9 million people as of 2011. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,583,064, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 6,054,191 in the 2011 Census. Its cosmopolitan and international population reflects its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, with about 49% of the population born outside Canada. Toronto is also consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
wn.com/Toronto -
Transamerica Pyramid
The Transamerica Pyramid is the tallest skyscraper in the San Francisco skyline and one of its most iconic. Although the building no longer houses the headquarters of the Transamerica Corporation, it is still strongly associated with the company and is depicted in the company's logo. Designed by architect William Pereira and built by Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company, at 260 m (850 ft), upon completion in 1972 it was among the five tallest buildings in the world.
The tower has no public access except for the first floor lobby, thus visitors cannot ascend to the top for a panoramic view.
The Transamerica building was commissioned by Transamerica CEO John (Jack) R. Beckett, with the claim that he wished to allow natural light and fresh air to filter down to the street below. Built on the location of the historic Montgomery Block, it has a structural height of 260 m (850 ft) and contains 48 floors of retail and office space. Construction began in 1969 and finished in 1972, and was overseen by San Francisco-based contractor Dinwiddie Construction (now Hathaway Dinwiddie Construction Company). Transamerica moved its headquarters to the new building from across the street, where it used to be based in another flatiron-shaped building now occupied by the Church of Scientology of San Francisco.[citation needed]
wn.com/Transamerica_Pyramid -
UCSF Medical Center
Coordinates: 37°45′47.67″N 122°27′29.76″W / 37.7632417°N 122.4582667°W / 37.7632417; -122.4582667
The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center is a world renowned hospital in research and a teaching hospital in San Francisco, California. It is one of the leading hospitals in the United States and with the UCSF School of Medicine has been the site of various breakthroughs in all specialities of medicine. Patients with complex diseases from around the world seek treatment at UCSF Medical Center.
With campuses located at Parnassus Heights and Mount Zion, UCSF Medical Center is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco. It has been ranked as the 7th-best overall medical center in the United States by U.S.News & World Report. The following specialties were ranked in the top 10: endocrinology (4); neurology and neurosurgery (5); gynecology (6); urology (8); rheumatology (9); ophthalmology (9). A new 43-acre (170,000 m2) campus in the Mission Bay neighborhood is expected to eventually host new hospital facilities.
wn.com/UCSF_Medical_Center -
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
wn.com/United_States -
Wikimedia Foundation
Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. is an American non-profit charitable organization headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States. It is organized under the laws of the state of Florida, where it was initially based. It operates several online collaborative wiki projects including Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikisource, Wikimedia Commons, Wikispecies, Wikinews, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Incubator, Meta-Wiki and owns the now-defunct Nupedia. Its flagship project, Wikipedia, ranks in the top-ten most-visited websites worldwide. The creation of the foundation was officially announced on June 20, 2003, by Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, who had been operating Wikipedia under the aegis of his company Bomis.
The Wikimedia Foundation falls under section 501(c)(3) of the US Internal Revenue Code as a public charity. Its National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities (NTEE) code is C60 (Adult, Continuing Education).The foundation's by-laws declare a statement of purpose of collecting and developing educational content and to disseminate it effectively and globally.
wn.com/Wikimedia_Foundation -
Yerba Buena Gardens
Yerba Buena Gardens is the name for two blocks of public parks located between Third and Fourth, Mission and Folsom Streets in downtown San Francisco, California. The first block bordered by Mission and Howard Streets was opened in 1993. The second block, between Howard and Folsom Streets was opened in 1998. A pedestrian bridge over Howard Street connects the two blocks, sitting on top of part of the Moscone Center convention center. The Yerba Buena Gardens are owned by the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency and were planned and built as the final centerpiece of the Yerba Buena Redevelopment Area which includes the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts.
Yerba Buena was the name of the town in the Mexican territory of Alta California that became the city of San Francisco, California, after it was claimed by the United States in 1846.
wn.com/Yerba_Buena_Gardens -
Yerba Buena Island
Yerba Buena Island sits in the San Francisco Bay between San Francisco and Oakland, California. The Yerba Buena Tunnel runs through its center and connects the western and eastern spans of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. It has had several other names over the decades: Sea Bird Island, Wood Island, and Goat Island. The island is named after the town of Yerba Buena, which was named for the plant of the same name that was abundant in the area. The plant's English and Spanish common name, Yerba buena, is an alternate form of the Spanish hierba buena (literally meaning "good herb"), generally used to describe local species of the mint family.
The island is currently part of District 6 of the City and County of San Francisco. According to the United States Census Bureau, Yerba Buena Island and Treasure Island together have a land area of 2.334 km2 (0.901 sq mi) with a total population of 2,500 as of the 2010 census.
Today the land southeast of the Yerba Buena Tunnel belongs to the United States Coast Guard (USCG). The USCG Sector San Francisco - Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) tower is located on the peak of the island. The USCG Sector San Francisco headquarters base is located at water-level on the southeast coast of the island. During the summer 2011, the Department of Homeland Security-USCG opened the new Interagency Operations Center (IOC) on the Sector San Francisco Base. The IOC houses the VTS and the USCG Sector San Francisco Command Center together in one building.
wn.com/Yerba_Buena_Island -
Yokohama
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.
wn.com/Yokohama -
Zeum
Zeum: San Francisco's Children's Museum is a hands-on, multimedia arts and technology museum for kids of all ages located at the Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco, California. It aims to nurture the "3Cs of 21st-century literacy - Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication - in all youth and families" [1]. Zeum: San Francisco's Children's Museum is well known for its technology-based exhibits which allow youth to produce their own media through various interactive, creative processes: animation, digital art, live performance, and music production. Zeum is a nonprofit 501(c)(3), community-based organization.
Zeum opened to the public on October 31, 1998 as part of a major 87-acre (350,000 m2) urban renewal project in the South of Market area by the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency.
In the Animators Studio, children can mold clay characters and make their own stop-motion animation movie. In this exhibit, Zeum's Educators and ZeumMasters introduce film making concepts: making a storyboard, building the characters, and producing a stop-motion animation. Afterward, they can visit one of four stop-motion animation stations, choose different set backdrops to set the scene, and capture their footage frame by frame using a video camera. Once the movie is complete, children can take their movies home on DVD or share it through an online video platform.
wn.com/Zeum
-
Al Capone
Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. The Chicago Outfit, which subsequently became known as the "Capones", was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, in Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931.
Born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants, Capone became involved with gang activity at a young age after being expelled from school at age 14. In his early twenties, he moved to Chicago to take advantage of a new opportunity to make money smuggling illegal alcoholic beverages into the city during Prohibition. He also engaged in various other criminal activities, including bribery of government figures and prostitution. Despite his illegitimate occupation, Capone became a highly visible public figure. He made donations to various charitable endeavors using the money he made from his activities, and was viewed by many to be a "modern-day Robin Hood".
wn.com/Al_Capone -
Amadeo Giannini
Amadeo Pietro Giannini, also known as Amadeo Peter Giannini or A.P. Giannini (May 6, 1870 – June 3, 1949), born in San Jose, California, was the American founder of Bank of America.
Giannini's parents were Italian immigrants to the United States, originally from Favale di Malvaro near Genoa, Liguria. He attended Heald College, in San Francisco, California. He started in business as a produce broker, commission merchant and produce dealer for farms in the Santa Clara Valley. He was extremely successful in that business, and sold his interest to his employees and retired at the age of 31 to administer his father-in-law's estate. He later became a director of the Columbus Savings & Loan in which his father-in-law owned an interest. At the time, banks were run for the benefit of the wealthy and the well-connected. Giannini observed a real opportunity to service the increasing immigrant population that were without a bank. At loggerheads with the other directors who did not share his sentiment, he quit the board in frustration and decided to start his own bank.
wn.com/Amadeo_Giannini -
Ambrose Bierce
Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce (born June 24, 1842; died sometime after December 26, 1913) was an American editorialist, journalist, short story writer, fabulist, and satirist. Today, he is probably best-known for his short story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" and his satirical lexicon The Devil's Dictionary. His vehemence as a critic, his motto "Nothing matters" and the sardonic view of human nature that informed his work all earned him the nickname "Bitter Bierce".[citation needed]
Despite his reputation as a searing critic, Bierce was known to encourage younger writers, including poet George Sterling and fiction writer W. C. Morrow. Bierce employed a distinctive style of writing, especially in his stories. His style often embraces an abrupt beginning, dark imagery, vague references to time, limited descriptions, impossible events and the theme of war.
In 1913, Bierce traveled to Mexico to gain first-hand experience of the Mexican Revolution. While traveling with rebel troops, he disappeared without a trace.
wn.com/Ambrose_Bierce -
Antonio Villaraigosa
Antonio Ramón Villaraigosa ( /ˌviː.əraɪˈɡoʊsə/; born January 23, 1953), born Antonio Ramón Villar, Jr., is the 41st and current Mayor of Los Angeles, California, the third Mexican American to have ever held office in the city of Los Angeles and the first in over 130 years. He is also the current president of the United States Conference of Mayors. He was elected mayor on May 17, 2005, defeating incumbent mayor James Hahn, and then re-elected for a second term in 2009. Prior to his election as mayor, Villaraigosa was the California State Assemblyman for the 45th District, the Speaker of the California State Assembly, and the Los Angeles City Councilman representing the 14th District. Due to term limits, he is ineligible to run for a third term in 2013.
Before being elected to public office, Villaraigosa was a labor organizer. He served as a national co-chairman of Hillary Rodham Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign and as a member of President Barack Obama's Transition Economic Advisory Board. He will serve as chair of the 2012 Democratic National Convention in September 2012.
wn.com/Antonio_Villaraigosa -
Ashley Swearengin
Ashley Swearengin (born 1972) is the Mayor of Fresno, California and is Fresno's second female mayor. She was elected in a runoff election on November 4, 2008. Born in Texas and raised in Arkansas, she moved to Fresno with her family in 1987. Swearengin is an alumna of Fresno Christian High School and California State University, Fresno.
Swearengin campaigned on the four "priority issues" of Jobs and Education; Safe, Quality Neighborhoods; Effective and Responsive Government; and Regional Leadership.
Swearengin's husband, Paul Swearengin, is a popular radio personality in the Central Valley. He is the host of the Paul Swearengin sports show on KFIG 1430, Fresno's local ESPN Radio station. On the day his wife took office, he joked, "They're gonna be swearin' in Swearengin!"
In March 2012, Ashley Swearengin announced that the City was likely to go bankrupt because of decisions made under her watch, as the Central Valley has seen recent fast paced recovery while Fresno lags behind other major cities. Ashley Swearengin has also been heavily criticized for giving three pay raises to Fresno Police Chief Jerry Dyer, including one in which he retired and then was immediately hired back with a pay raise of $10,000 per year.
wn.com/Ashley_Swearengin -
Barry Bonds
Barry Lamar Bonds (born July 24, 1964) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder. Bonds played from 1986 to 2007, for the Pittsburgh Pirates and San Francisco Giants. He is the son of former major league All-Star Bobby Bonds. He debuted in the Major Leagues with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1986 and joined the San Francisco Giants in 1993, where he stayed through 2007.
Bonds' accomplishments during his baseball career place him among the greatest baseball players of all-time. He has a record-setting seven Most Valuable Player awards, including a record-setting four consecutive MVPs. He is a 14-time All-Star and 8-time Gold Glove-winner. He holds numerous Major League Baseball records, including the all-time Major League Baseball home run record with 762 and the single-season Major League record for home runs with 73 (set in 2001), and is also the all-time career leader in both walks (2,558) and intentional walks (688).
Bonds has led a controversial career, notably as a central figure in baseball's steroids scandal. In 2007, he was indicted on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice for allegedly lying to the grand jury during the government's investigation of BALCO, by testifying that he never knowingly took any illegal steroids. The trial began March 21, 2011; he was convicted on April 13, 2011 on the obstruction of justice charge.
wn.com/Barry_Bonds -
Bill Bogaard
William Joseph "Bill" Bogaard (born 1938 in Sioux City, Iowa) is an American Democratic politician, and the current mayor of Pasadena, California, elected in 1999, and re-elected with an overwhelming majority of the vote (over 85%) in 2003. Bogaard is the first elected mayor of Pasadena since the 1940s, the longest serving mayor in Pasadena's history, and the only mayor to serve non-consecutive terms (Bogaard served a two-year term as mayor in the 1980s).
Prior to being elected mayor, Bogaard was a lawyer, and taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California. He graduated from Loyola Marymount University and was a captain in the U.S. Air Force. He obtained his juris doctorate degree from the University of Michigan. His wife is Claire Bogaard, who moved with Bill to Pasadena in 1971, and they have four children.
In the 2006 election, Bogaard sought re-election for a third term as Mayor. His opponent was Aaron Proctor. The election was held on March 6, 2007.
Bogaard easily won the March 6, 2007 election against Proctor, getting 11,558 votes (88.7% of the vote).
wn.com/Bill_Bogaard -
Bill Russell
William Felton "Bill" Russell (born February 12, 1934) is a retired American professional basketball player who played center for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A five-time winner of the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and a twelve-time All-Star, Russell was the centerpiece of the Celtics dynasty that won eleven NBA Championships during Russell's thirteen-year career. Along with Henri Richard of the National Hockey League's Montreal Canadiens, Russell holds the record for the most championships won by an athlete in a North American sports league. Before his professional career, Russell led the University of San Francisco to two consecutive NCAA championships (1955, 1956). He also won a gold medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics as captain of the U.S. national basketball team.
Russell is widely considered one of the best players in NBA history. Listed as between 6'9" (2.06 m) and 6'10" (2.08 m), Russell's shot-blocking and man-to-man defense were major reasons for the Celtics' success. He also inspired his teammates to elevate their own defensive play. Russell was equally notable for his rebounding abilities. He led the NBA in rebounds four times, and remains second all-time in both total rebounds and rebounds per game. He is one of just two NBA players (the other being prominent rival Wilt Chamberlain) to have grabbed more than fifty rebounds in a game. Though never the focal point of the Celtics' offense, Russell also scored 14,522 career points and provided effective passing.
wn.com/Bill_Russell -
Burmese American
Burmese Americans (Burmese: မြန်မာနွယ်ဖွား အမေရိကန် [mjəmà nwɛ̀bwá ʔəmèjḭkàɴ]) are Americans of Burmese descent. The term encompasses people of all ethnic backgrounds with ancestry in the present-day Myanmar (formerly Burma). Burmese Americans are a subgroup of Asian Americans. The majority of Burmese Americans are of Chinese descent.
The first Burmese to study in the United States was Maung Shaw Loo, who came in 1858 to study at the University at Lewisburg (now Bucknell University) in Pennsylvania. He graduated with a medical degree in 1867 and returned the following year.
wn.com/Burmese_American -
Californio
Californio (historic and regional Spanish for "Californian") is a term used to identify a Spanish-speaking, mostly Roman Catholic people, or of Latin American descent, regardless of race, born in California before 1848. The much larger population of indigenous peoples of California were not Californios because they did not speak Spanish and/or were not Catholic. Neither were the significant numbers of non-Spanish speaking California-born children of resident foreigners (primarily U.S. and British).
The military, religious and civil components of pre-1848 California society were embodied in the thinly populated presidios, missions, pueblos and ranchos. Until they were secularized in the 1830s, the twenty-one Spanish Missions of California, with their thousands of more or less captive native converts, controlled the most (about 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km2) per Mission) and best land, had large numbers of workers, grew the most crops and had the most sheep, cattle and horses. After secularization, most of the Mission lands were divided up into new ranchos and granted to Mexican citizens (including many Californios) resident in California.
wn.com/Californio -
Cambodian American
A Cambodian American is an American who is born, raised, or from Cambodia usually of Khmer descent but also including Chinese Cambodians, Vietnamese Cambodians, Cham people and other ethnicities of Cambodia. The term may also refer to Americans who have ancestors that are born, raised or from Cambodia.
Prior to 1975, most of the few Cambodians in the United States were children of upper income families or having government funded scholarships sent abroad to attend school. After the fall of Phnom Penh to the communist Khmer Rouge in 1975, a few Cambodians managed to escape, but not until the Khmer Rouge was overthrown in 1979 did large waves of Cambodians began immigrating to the United States as refugees. In order to encourage rapid assimilation into American culture and to spread the economic impact, the U.S. government settled the 150,000 refugees in various towns and cities throughout the country. However, once established enough to be able to communicate and travel, many Cambodians began migrating within the U.S. to certain localities where the climate was more like home, where they knew friends and relatives had been sent, or where there were rumored to be familiar jobs or higher government benefits. Consequently, large communities of Cambodians took root in cities such as Long Beach, Fresno and Stockton in California, Providence, Rhode Island, as well as Lynn and Lowell in Massachusetts, and in the Pacific Northwest, Seattle and Portland.
wn.com/Cambodian_American -
Carmen Chu
Carmen Chu (Chinese: 朱嘉文; pinyin: Zhū Jiāwén, born 1978 in Los Angeles, California) is a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 4. In 2000, she earned a bachelor's degree in public policy from Occidental College, and in 2003, earned a master's degree in public policy from UC Berkeley. While in school, she worked in the Board of Supervisors' Office of the Legislative Analyst.
In 2004, she worked as a budget analyst in the Mayor's Budget Office. More recently, she served as the deputy director in the Mayor's Budget Office and has overseen Healthy San Francisco, Mayor Gavin Newsom's health care program. On September 25, 2007, she was appointed to replace the embattled San Francisco Supervisor Ed Jew, who was then suspended.
On January 11, 2008, her interim appointment expired upon Jew's resignation. The District 4 seat remained vacant for five and a half hours until Mayor Newsom appointed her to succeed Jew for the remainder of Jew's term. Chu ran for election after Jew's term expired, and on November 4, 2008 she was elected by the voters as Supervisor of District 4 for the term January 2009 to January 2011.
wn.com/Carmen_Chu -
Cheryl Cox
Cheryl Cox (born 1949) is the mayor of Chula Vista, California.
Cox, daughter of retired United States Navy Officer, John Willett. Cox, and her husband of 30 years, San Diego County Supervisor and former Chula Vista Mayor Greg Cox, have two daughters, Elizabeth and Emmie. Both Cheryl and her two daughters have graduated from Chula Vista's Hilltop High School.
Cox received Master's degree in Political Science from San Diego State University and a Doctorate in Education from the University of Southern California. She worked for 30 years as a teacher, principal, and administrator in the Chula Vista Elementary School District; she was also an assistant professor at National University before being elected to the Chula Vista Elementary School District Board of Trustees in 2000. Dr. Cox was elected the 39th Mayor of Chula Vista, the second largest city in the County of San Diego, in 2006. Currently she is a member of the City of Chula Vista Charter Review Commission, Nature Center Board of Trustees and the President of the Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center Board of Directors. She is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.
wn.com/Cheryl_Cox -
Chinese American
Chinese Americans (Chinese: trad. 華裔美國人, simp. 华裔美国人, pin. Huáyì Měiguórén; t 美籍華人, s 美籍华人, p Měijí Huárén) are Americans of Chinese – particularly Han Chinese – descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and other countries in Southeast Asia and South America that include large populations of Chinese diaspora. Overall demographic research tends to include immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese who have immigrated from South East Asia into the broadly defined Chinese American category as both the governments of the Republic of China and the United States refer Taiwanese Americans as a separate subgroup of Chinese Americans.
The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community in North America, closely followed by the Chinese communities in Canada and Mexico. It is also the fourth largest in the Chinese diaspora, behind the Chinese communities in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The Chinese American community is the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans, comprising 25.9% of the Asian American population as of 2010. They constitute 1.2% of the United States, including those with partial Chinese ancestry. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million.
wn.com/Chinese_American -
Christina Olague
Christina Olague is an American politician currently serving on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 5, consisting of Haight-Ashbury, part of Hayes Valley, the Inner Sunset, Japantown, and the Western Addition. Olague was appointed to the post by mayor Ed Lee in the wake of her predecessor Ross Mirkarimi's election to be sheriff of San Francisco.
Prior to her appointment to the Board of Supervisors, she served as the president of the San Francisco Planning Commission.
wn.com/Christina_Olague -
Chuck Reed
Charles Rufus "Chuck" Reed (born August 15, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. Reed has served as the 64th Mayor of San Jose, California since 2007.
Reed was born in Garden City, Kansas. Reed's high school basketball team became Kansas State Champions. He joined the United States Air Force in 1970 after attending the United States Air Force Academy. At the Academy, he graduated number one in his class and served as cadet wing commander, the highest position a USAFA cadet can achieve. Reed was only the 9th person in the history of the United States Air Force Academy to max out (top score) on the Physical Fitness Test.[citation needed]
While in the Air Force, Reed attended Princeton University and received a Master's Degree in Public Affairs. Later, during the Vietnam War, he served in Thailand. He left the Air Force in 1975, having reached the rank of Captain, and attended Stanford Law School where he earned a Law degree in 1978.
After passing the bar, Reed moved to San Jose and began work as a private attorney. He specialized in environmental, employment, land use and real estate law, and commercial litigation.[citation needed]
wn.com/Chuck_Reed -
David Campos
David Campos (born September 28, 1970), is a Guatemalan-American attorney and member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 9. The district consists of Bernal Heights, part of Portola and the Inner Mission and it elected him on November 4, 2008 in the 2008 San Francisco elections.
Campos was born in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala. Escaping from the Guatemalan Civil War, he immigrated with his parents and two sisters to the United States illegally. Although he did not know English, Campos graduated at the top of his class at Jefferson High School in South Central Los Angeles. Applying as an international student, Campos received scholarships to Stanford University, applied for legal status through a job, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1993. In 1996, Campos graduated from Harvard Law School and became a permanent resident of the United States while attending. Campos worked as a lawyer in private practice and then a Deputy City Attorney for San Francisco. As Deputy City Attorney, Campos was lead counsel in the school desegregation consent decree of the San Francisco Unified School District, sued the gun industry, and represented the city against PG&E and other energy companies.
wn.com/David_Campos -
Dianne Feinstein
Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein ( /ˈfaɪnstaɪn/; born June 22, 1933) is the senior United States Senator from California. A member of the Democratic Party, she has served in the Senate since 1992. She also served as 38th Mayor of San Francisco from 1978 to 1988.
Born in San Francisco, Feinstein graduated from Stanford University. In the 1960s she worked in city government, and in 1970 she was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She served as the board's first female president in 1978, during which time the assassinations of Mayor George Moscone and City Supervisor Harvey Milk drew national attention to the city. Feinstein, who was the first to discover the shootings, succeeded Moscone as mayor. During her tenure as San Francisco's first female mayor she took a politically moderate stance, leading a revamp of the city's cable car system and overseeing the 1984 Democratic National Convention.
After a failed gubernatorial campaign in 1990, she won a 1992 special election to the U.S. Senate. Feinstein was first elected on the same ballot as her peer Barbara Boxer, and the two became California's first female U.S. Senators. Feinstein formerly chaired the Senate Rules Committee (2007–2009) and has chaired the Select Committee on Intelligence since 2009. She is also the first woman to have presided over a U.S. presidential inauguration.
wn.com/Dianne_Feinstein -
Domingo Ghirardelli
Domenico "Domingo" Ghirardelli, Sr. (1817–1894) was born in Rapallo, Italy, the son and apprentice of a chocolatier. In 1837, Ghirardelli moved to Uruguay, then in 1838 to Lima, Peru, and established a confectionery, and began using the Spanish equivalent of his Italian name, Domingo.
In 1849 he moved to California, upon the recommendation of his former neighbor, James Lick, who had brought 600 pounds of chocolate with him to San Francisco in 1848. Caught up in the California Gold Rush, Ghirardelli spent a few months in the gold fields near Sonora and Jamestown, before deciding to become a merchant in Hornitos, CA. In 1852, he moved to San Francisco and established the Ghirardelli Chocolate Company at Ghirardelli Square. According to the SF Chronicle he is considered San Francisco's most successful chocolatier.
When he lost his first wife he married Carmen (1830–?) from Peru. They had the following children: Joseph Ghirardelli (1854–?); Elvira Ghirardelli (1856–?); Louis Ghirardelli (1858–?); Angela Ghirardelli (1859–?); Eugene Ghirardelli (1862–?).
wn.com/Domingo_Ghirardelli -
Don Kurth
Donald J. Kurth, Jr. (born April 26, 1949) is a physician, businessowner, educator, and mayor of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, California. He was elected President of the Rancho Cucamonga Chamber of Commerce in 1994, Director of the Cucamonga County Water District in 1996, appointed to the Rancho Cucamonga City Council in 2002, and elected mayor of Rancho Cucamonga on November 7, 2006.
Donald James Kurth, Jr. was born in Newport, Rhode Island where his father, also named Donald James Kurth, was stationed in the United States Navy. Don’s father and mother, Isabelle, both served in the hospital corps in the Navy throughout World War II. His mother taught Navy carrier pilots how to use oxygen masks for high altitude missions. His father served on the famous and highly decorated heavy cruiser, the USS New Orleans, in many battles including Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, Eastern Solomons and Tassafaronga. During the night Battle of Tassafaronga in November 1942, the New Orleans engaged the famous “Tokyo Express” troop convoy which was supplying troops and supplies to block the United States Marine invasion of Gaudalcanal.
wn.com/Don_Kurth -
Eric Mar
Eric Lee Mar (Chinese: 馬兆光; pinyin: Mǎ Zhàoguāng, born August 15, 1962) is a California politician, previously serving on the San Francisco Board of Education and San Francisco County Democratic Central Committee. In 2008, he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 1.
Mar has worked as an associate professor at San Francisco State University since 1992. He teaches Asian American and Ethnic Studies. As an associate professor, he mentored and supported hundreds of young people to become active in their communities and the political process.
From 1993-97, Mar was the Assistant Dean for New College Law School in San Francisco, where he taught a course on critical race theory.
Mar is a graduate of the University of California, Davis; he received his law degree from New College of California and is an inactive member of the California State Bar.
Mar has served on the Human Rights Committee of the State Bar of California and the Civil Rights Committee of the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association.
wn.com/Eric_Mar -
Ernest Gutierrez
Ernest Gutierrez is the former mayor of El Monte, California.
Gutierrez was elected to the El Monte City Council in 2001 and was elected mayor two years later in 2003. He has been re-elected two times.
Gutierrez has been the subject of a large amount of negative publicity over the last year, as he was accused of being intoxicated at a city-sponsored event, implementing improvements on the street that his girlfriend, Graciela Solano, lives on, and being arrested for domestic violence.
wn.com/Ernest_Gutierrez -
Filipino American
Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry, including those who migrated from the Philippines. There are over 3.4 million people of Filipino descent residing in the United States, according to the 2010 United States Census. Filipino Americans make up about 1.1% of the country's population and making them the second largest Asian American subgroup. The Philippines is also one of the major sources of immigration into the United States.
The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to "Fil-Ams", or "Pinoy". Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by the early Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines.
Filipinos in what is now the United States were first documented in the 16th century, with small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. The Philippines' independence recognized by the United States on July 4, 1946. Immigration was reduced significantly during the 1930s, except for those who served in the United States Navy, and increased following immigration reform in the 1960s.
wn.com/Filipino_American -
Fiona Ma
Fiona Ma (simplified Chinese: 马世云; traditional Chinese: 馬世雲; pinyin: Mǎ Shìyún; born March 4, 1966) is the Speaker pro Tempore California State Assembly and a San Francisco politician, and a former member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors.
Ma is the oldest of three children born to William and Sophia Ma, both Chinese immigrants. Her grandfather, Lieutenant General Ma Zhen, was the first mayor of Kunming, Republic of China.
She has a younger brother and sister. Born and raised in New York, she attended Baker Elementary School before graduating from Great Neck North Middle and High School. Her father, Dr. William Ma was a civil engineer who later specialized in construction claims and litigation before he retired. Her mother, Sophia (née Doo), was a high school art teacher for 20 years before moving to San Francisco to be closer to her parents. Dr. William Ma was posted as a minister at the San Francisco Swatow Christian Church in San Francisco's Sunset District.
She received a bachelor's degree in accounting at Rochester Institute of Technology, a master’s degree in taxation from Golden Gate University, and an MBA from Pepperdine University. She is currently a CPA. and a Member of the Aspen Institute's 2009 Class of Aspen-Rodel Fellows
wn.com/Fiona_Ma -
Francis of Assisi
Saint Francis of Assisi (born Giovanni Francesco di Bernardone; 1181/1182 – October 3, 1226) was an Italian Catholic friar and preacher. He founded the men's Franciscan Order, the women’s Order of St. Clare, and the lay Third Order of Saint Francis. St. Francis is one of the most venerated religious figures in history.
Francis was the son of a wealthy cloth merchant in Assisi, and he lived the high-spirited life typical of a wealthy young man, even fighting as a soldier for Assisi. While going off to war in 1204, Francis had a vision that directed him back to Assisi, where he lost his taste for his worldly life. On a pilgrimage to Rome, he begged with the beggars at St. Peter's. The experience moved him to live in poverty. Francis returned home, began preaching on the streets, and soon amassed a following. His order was endorsed by Pope Innocent III in 1210. He then founded the Order of Poor Clares, which was an enclosed order for women, as well as the Third Order of Brothers and Sisters of Penance. In 1219, he went to Egypt in an attempt to convert the Sultan. By this point, the Franciscan Order had grown to such an extent that its primitive organizational structure was no longer sufficient. He returned to Italy to organize the order. Once his organization was endorsed by the Pope, he withdrew increasingly from external affairs. In 1223, Francis arranged for the first Christmas manger scene. In 1224, he received the stigmata, making him the first recorded person to bear the wounds of Christ's Passion. He died in 1226 while preaching Psalm 141.
wn.com/Francis_of_Assisi -
Francisco de Haro
Francisco de Haro (1792 – November 28, 1849) was the first Alcalde (Mayor) of Yerba Buena (later named San Francisco) in 1834.
De Haro was born in Compostela, Nayarit, Mexico and came to San Francisco in 1819. He was the first Alcalde of Yerba Buena in 1834. He was instrumental in planning the street grid of the town along with Englishman William A. Richardson in 1835. In 1837, de Haro bought the Galindo ranch, which included Lake Merced and portions of northern San Mateo County, from the grantee José Antonio Galindo. And in strange turn of events, in 1838, Alcalde de Haro issued an arrest warrant for Jose Antonio Galindo for the murder of José Doroteo Peralta (1810–1838). De Haro served again as the fifth Alcalde from 1838-1839. He commissioned the first survey of the settlement by Jean Jacques Vioget in 1839.
De Haro married Emiliana (Miliana) Sánchez who was the sister of Alcaldes Francisco Sanchez and José de la Cruz Sánchez. The marriage produced twelve children, including a pair of twin sons and a pair of twin daughters. Miliana Sánchez died in 1842. The couple's twin sons, Francisco and Ramon, were murdered at the age of 19 on June 28, 1846 near San Rafael, California, along with their distant cousin José de los Reyes Berreyesa. Kit Carson (and potentially other men) shot the men at the direction of John C. Frémont.
wn.com/Francisco_de_Haro -
Francisco Palóu
Francesc Palou (1723–1789) was a Franciscan missionary, administrator, and historian on the Baja California peninsula and in Alta California. Father Palou's made significant contributions to the Alta California and Baja California mission systems. Along with his mentor, Junipero Serra, Palou worked to build numerous missions throughout Alta and Baja California, many structures of which still stand today. A member of the Franciscan Order, Palou eventually became the acting "Presidente" of the missions in Baja California, and then eventually of missions of Alta California as well. Palou's work in the Spanish mission system spans from his early twenties to his death at the age of 66.
According to biographer Herbert E. Bolton "Fray Palou was a diligent student, devout Christian, loyal disciple, tireless traveler, zealous missionary, firm defender of the faith, resourceful pioneer, successful mission builder, able administrator, and fair minded historian of California." Palou is particularly noted for his pious biography of Serra and for his multi-volume early history of the Californias.
wn.com/Francisco_Palóu -
Gaspar de Portolà
Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira (1716–1784) was a Spanish soldier, governor of Baja and Alta California (1767–1770), explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey. He was born in Os de Balaguer, province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Crown of Aragon, of Catalan nobility. Don Gaspar served as a soldier in the Spanish army in Italy and Portugal. He was commissioned ensign in 1734, and lieutenant in 1743, and died in Spain in 1784.
By 1767, Jesuit missionaries on the peninsula of Baja California had established approximately twenty-three missions over a period of seventy-two years. Rumors were circulating that the Jesuits had amassed a fortune and were becoming very powerful. As part of the nearly global suppression of the Jesuits, King Carlos III ordered the Jesuits expelled at gunpoint and deported back to Spain. Following the command of the king, the viceroy of New Spain ordered the arrest and deportation of all Jesuits in missions and Don Gaspar de Portolà was charged with the expulsion of the Jesuits from Baja. The missions were turned over to the Franciscans, and later to the Dominicans.
wn.com/Gaspar_de_Portolà -
Gavin Newsom
Gavin Christopher Newsom (born October 10, 1967) is an American politician who is the 49th and current Lieutenant Governor of California. Previously, he was the 42nd Mayor of San Francisco, and was elected in 2003 to succeed Willie Brown, becoming San Francisco's youngest mayor in 100 years. Newsom was re-elected in 2007 with 72 percent of the vote. In 2010, Samepoint released a study that measured the social media influence of mayors around the country, and ranking the top 100 most social mayors. San Francisco's Mayor Gavin Newsom was named the Most Social Mayor in America according to the Samepoint study.
Newsom graduated from Redwood High School in Larkspur, California, in 1985, and in 1989 from Santa Clara University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. His PlumpJack Wine Shop, founded in 1992, grew into a multimillion-dollar enterprise, and now includes bars, restaurants, and a Lake Tahoe hotel called Squaw Valley Inn. He was first appointed by Willie Brown to serve on San Francisco's Parking and Traffic Commission in 1996, and was appointed the following year as Supervisor. Newsom drew voter attention with his Care Not Cash program, designed to move homeless people into city assisted care. He defeated the Green Party's Matt Gonzalez 53% to 47% in a run-off in his race for mayor in 2003, becoming the youngest mayor of San Francisco since John W. Geary.
wn.com/Gavin_Newsom -
Gayle McLaughlin
Gayle McLaughlin ( /məˈklɔːflɨn/; born 1952 in Chicago, Illinois) is a California politician. She is a member of the Green Party and, since 2006, the mayor of Richmond, California. McLaughlin was elected on November 7, 2006 by a 242-vote margin over incumbent mayor Irma A. Anderson. Richmond is, as of 2009, the largest city in the country with a Green Party mayor.
McLaughlin is a social activist who has participated in the peace, social justice, civil rights, and environmental movements. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology, with graduate study in psychology and education.
She was First elected to the City Council in 2004, winning one of five open seats, with 11,191 votes or 10% in 2004. She has lived in Richmond since 2001..
McLaughlin was born into a working class union family. She is the middle child of five daughters born to a unionized carpenter and a housewife.
During the 1980s, McLaughlin was an activist with the Central American solidarity movement and a steering committee member of CISPES (Committee In Solidarity with the People of El Salvador). She also played an active role in the North Star Network, a national networking effort to unite progressives, and in coalition-building efforts with Rainbow/PUSH.
wn.com/Gayle_McLaughlin -
George Moscone
George Richard Moscone ( /mɒsˈkoʊni/; November 24, 1929 – November 27, 1978) was an American attorney and Democratic politician. He was the 37th mayor of San Francisco, California, US from January 1976 until his assassination in November 1978. Moscone served in the California State Senate from 1967 until becoming Mayor. In the Senate, he served as Majority Leader.
Moscone was born in San Francisco, California. His father was George Joseph Moscone, a prison guard, and his mother, Lena, was a homemaker.
Moscone attended St. Brigid's, and then St. Ignatius College Preparatory, where he was an all-city basketball star. He then attended University of the Pacific. While in college, Moscone befriended John L. Burton, who would later become a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
Moscone then studied at University of California, Hastings College of the Law, where he received his law degree. He met and married Gina Bondanza, in 1954. The Moscones would go on to have four children. After serving in the United States Navy, Moscone started private practice in 1956.
wn.com/George_Moscone -
George Seifert
George Seifert (born January 22, 1940) is a former NFL head coach of the San Francisco 49ers and the Carolina Panthers. Seifert joined the 49ers' coaching staff under Bill Walsh in 1980 as defensive backs coach and served as the team's defensive coordinator from 1983–1988.
As a 49er assistant, his defenses finished in the top ten in fewest points allowed in each of his six seasons in that capacity - 4th in 1983, 1st in 1984, 2nd in 1985, 3rd in 1986 and 1987, and 8th in 1988. His final two defenses, 1987 and 1988, finished first and third in fewest yards allowed, respectively. In 1989, he was elevated to head coach, He is one of only thirteen NFL head coaches with more than one Super Bowl victory, winning in convincing fashion during both the 1989 and 1994 seasons with the San Francisco 49ers. In all, Seifert coached on five Super Bowl champion teams with the 49ers.
Seifert also coached at the college level, leading Westminster College and Cornell University's football teams. He was also an assistant at the University of Utah (his alma mater), Stanford University, the University of Oregon and the University of Iowa.
wn.com/George_Seifert -
Gus Morrison
Gus Morrison (born ?) is an American politician and engineer. Morrison has served as the Mayor of Fremont, California, for three different tenures: 1985 to 1989, 1994 to 2004, and 2012. On January 30, 2012, Morrison was appointed Mayor by the Fremont City Council following the death of his predecessor, the late Bob Wasserman, effective immediately. He was inaugurated into office to complete the remainder of Wasserman's unexpired term (ending in December 2012) on January 31, 2012.
In 1994, Morrison defeated incumbent Mayor Bill Ball in a rematch of the 1989 mayoral election. Morrison narrowly won with 20,811 votes to Ball's 20,376 votes.
Between 2004 and 2012, Morrison worked as a political consultant.
wn.com/Gus_Morrison -
Harold Gilliam
Harold Gilliam is a San Francisco based writer, newspaperman and environmentalist, graduate of UC Berkeley, book author and former columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle and Examiner newspapers. The "Harold Gilliam Award for Excellence in Environmental Reporting", given by The Bay Institute, is named in his honor. Gilliam’s article, "The Destruction of Mono Lake Is on Schedule" appeared in the Examiner’s Sunday edition in March, 1979, and was one of the first articles to draw attention to the then ongoing destruction of Mono Lake. Much of his work centered on the San Francisco Bay Area and the bay itself.
wn.com/Harold_Gilliam -
Harvey Hall
Harvey L. Hall is the current mayor of Bakersfield, California, serving his third term, having last been re-elected in June 2008. Hall was first elected in 2000, and first re-elected in 2004. One of his focuses as mayor has been beautification, through "Keep Bakersfield Beautiful" and the creation of, and participation in, monthly "Mayor’s Freeway Cleanups", trash pickups on local freeways. Hall has donated his mayor’s salary to the Kern Community Foundation, which provides scholarships to local colleges, and to California State University, Bakersfield, for local students. He is the 25th mayor of the city.
Hall is the founder and current president of Hall Ambulance Service.
Halls employees qualify for food stamps
wn.com/Harvey_Hall -
Harvey Milk
Harvey Bernard Milk (May 22, 1930 – November 27, 1978) was an American politician who became the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in California when he won a seat on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Politics and gay activism were not his early interests; he was not open about his homosexuality and did not participate in civic matters until around the age of 40, after his experiences in the counterculture of the 1960s.
Milk moved from New York City to settle in San Francisco in 1972 amid a migration of gay men to the Castro District. He took advantage of the growing political and economic power of the neighborhood to promote his interests, and ran unsuccessfully for political office three times. His theatrical campaigns earned him increasing popularity, and Milk won a seat as a city supervisor in 1977, part of the broader social changes the city was experiencing.
Milk served almost 11 months in office and was responsible for passing a stringent gay rights ordinance for the city. On November 27, 1978, Milk and Mayor George Moscone were assassinated by Dan White, another city supervisor who had recently resigned but wanted his job back. Milk's election was made possible by and was a key component of a shift in San Francisco politics. The assassinations and the ensuing events were the result of continuing ideological conflicts in the city.
wn.com/Harvey_Milk -
Herb Caen
Herbert Eugene Caen (April 3, 1916 – February 1, 1997) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning San Francisco journalist whose daily column of local goings-on, social and political happenings, local anecdotes, and insider gossip—often poking fun, but rarely if ever hostile or ill-willed -- appeared in the San Francisco Chronicle for almost sixty years, except during a relatively short stint at the San Francisco Examiner. His name was a household word throughout the San Francisco Bay Area for decades; his funeral was one of the best-attended in San Francisco history,[citation needed] and republications of his old columns remain a prominent Chronicle feature many years after his death.[citation needed]
Born in Sacramento, Caen came to prominence with his It's News to Me column, which first appeared July 5, 1938 in the San Francisco Chronicle. Except for 1950 to 1958 (when he wrote for the San Francisco Examiner) he remained with the Chronicle his entire life. Caen called his work "three-dot journalism" in reference to the ellipses which separated his column's short items. (His son Christopher's publishing company is Ellipsis Media.) He had a considerable influence on pop culture, particularly its language. He coined the term beatnik in a 1958 column and popularized hippie during San Francisco's 1967 Summer of Love. He was interviewed in Jack O'Connell's 1968 film Revolution. He also playfully popularized many other (if more obscure) concepts and terms, such as Frisbeetarianism.
wn.com/Herb_Caen -
Heyday Books
Heyday is an independent nonprofit publisher based in Berkeley, California.
Heyday was founded by Malcolm Margolin in 1974 when he wrote, typeset, designed, and distributed The East Bay Out, a guide to the natural history of the hills and bay shore in and round Berkeley and Oakland, in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area. Heyday publishes around twenty-five books a year, founded two magazines—News from Native California and Bay Nature—and has been involved in public education programs in California.
In 2004, they merged with their nonprofit wing, the Clapperstick Institute, and became a full-fledged 501(c)(3) nonprofit enterprise.
The California Indian Publishing Program (CIPP) focuses on California Native Peoples. CIPP hosts Native events and provides literature to under-served Native community members. Since 1987, Heyday has published the quarterly magazine News from Native California, which is written from a Native People's perspective.
Heyday is a frequent partner with other California cultural organizations. Heyday co-founded the California Historical Society Press with the California Historical Society, which together have published several books. Heyday has produced books in conjunction with the California Council for the Humanities; the California State Library; the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley; the Oakland Museum of California; the Commonwealth Club of California; Santa Clara University; the California Academy of Sciences; the Japanese American National Museum; and the Yosemite Association.
wn.com/Heyday_Books -
Indian American
Indian Americans are Americans whose ancestral roots lie in India. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the indigenous peoples of the Americas commonly referred to as American Indians.
In North America, the term Indian has an ambiguous meaning. In the western hemisphere, historically and currently, Indian has been commonly used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Qualifying terms such as American Indian and East Indian were and are commonly used to avoid ambiguity.
While East Indian remains in use, South Asian is often chosen instead. The U.S. government coined Native American to refer to the indigenous peoples of the United States, but American Indian remains popular among the indigenous and general populations.
People of Indian origin often prefer the term Desi to refer to the diasporic subculture of South Asians. Indian Americans are categorized as Asian Indian (and more broadly, Asian American) by the United States Census Bureau.
It was after the Luce–Celler Act of 1946, that Indian Americans were restored naturalization rights in the United States. A number of Indian Americans came to the U.S. via Indian communities in other countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada, in both of which 2% of the population is currently of Indian origin,Mauritius, nations of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Guyana, Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Trinidad & Tobago, and Jamaica.
wn.com/Indian_American -
Indonesian American
Indonesian Americans comprise migrants from the multiethnic country of Indonesia to the United States, and their U.S.-born descendants. As of the 2010 United States Census, they were the 15th largest group of Asian Americans, a position which remained unchanged since the 2000 Census.
Indonesian international students came to the United States in significant numbers as early as the mid-1950s, beginning with a 1953 International Cooperation Administration (now U.S. Agency for International Development) program to allow University of Indonesia medical faculty to pursue higher studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Permanent settlement in the U.S. began to grow in 1965, due to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which opened the door to Asian migration, and the violent and chaotic Transition to the New Order in Indonesia, which spurred emigration from that country. Between 1980 and 1990, the number of Indonesians in the United States tripled, reaching 30,085. A large proportion live in Southern California: 29,710 respondents to the 2000 census who listed "Indonesian" as one of their ethnicities lived there.
wn.com/Indonesian_American -
Jack London
John Griffith "Jack" London (born John Griffith Chaney, January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone. He is best remembered as the author of Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories "To Build a Fire", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life".[citation needed] He also wrote of the South Pacific in such stories as "The Pearls of Parlay" and "The Heathen", and of the San Francisco Bay area in The Sea Wolf.
London was a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism, and the rights of workers and wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics such as his dystopian novel, The Iron Heel and his non-fiction exposé, The People of the Abyss.
Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth and youngest child of Pennsylvania Canal builder Marshall Wellman and his first wife, Eleanor Garrett Jones. Marshall Wellman was a great-great-great-grandson of Puritan Thomas Wellman. Flora left Ohio and moved to the Pacific coast when her father remarried after her mother died. In San Francisco, Flora worked as a music teacher and spiritualist claiming to channel the spirit of an Indian chief.
wn.com/Jack_London -
Jackie Speier
Karen Lorraine Jacqueline "Jackie" Speier ( /ˈspɪər/; born May 14, 1950) is the U.S. Representative for California's 12th congressional district, serving since 2008. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes the northern two-thirds of San Mateo County (formerly part of the district represented by her political mentor, Leo Ryan) and the southwest quarter of San Francisco.
She is also a former member of the California State Senate who represented parts of San Francisco and San Mateo counties. On April 8, 2008, she won the special election for the vacated United States House of Representatives seat of late Congressman Tom Lantos.
Speier was born in 1950 in San Francisco and grew up in an apolitical, working-class family. Her mother, Nancy (née Kanchelian), was Armenian American, and her father, Fred Speier, was the son of a Jewish refugee from Nazi Germany. Speier took Jacqueline as her confirmation name after Jackie Kennedy. She is a graduate of Mercy High School in Burlingame, which is where her daughter attended as a freshman in the 2008–2009 school year. She earned a B.A. from the University of California, Davis, and a J.D. from the University of California Hastings College of the Law in 1976.
wn.com/Jackie_Speier -
James T Butts Jr
James T. Butts Jr.
James T. Butts, Jr. (born August 1, 1953) is the 12th and current Mayor of the City of Inglewood, California. He is the 4th African-American Mayor of the City of Inglewood. Previously he served the City of Inglewood for 19 years where he received several promotions until he was sworn in as Deputy Chief of Police for the City of Inglewood. In September 1991 he was sworn in as Chief of Police for the City of Santa Monica, California serving from 1991 to 2006. In August 2006 he was appointed to the position of Deputy Executive Director for Public Safety for the Los Angeles World Airports.
Mr. James T. Butts, Jr. is a graduate of Cal Poly Univ-Pomona where he received an MBA in June 1994. He was a California State University-Los Angeles (CSULA) graduate with a Bachelor's Degree before earning his MBA. He also holds a number of command and management certificates from the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). He is a graduate of the POST Command College and a past president of the Peace Officers Association of Los Angeles County. He has received several certifications and training from the National Incident Management System - Federal Emergency Management Agency.
wn.com/James_T_Butts_Jr -
Jane Kim
Jane Kim (born 1977 in New York City) is an American politician currently serving on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 6, consisting of Alcatraz Island, Civic Center, Mission Bay, South of Market, the Tenderloin, Treasure Island, and Yerba Buena Island.
Prior to her election to the Board of Supervisors, she served as member and president of the San Francisco Board of Education.
Kim has been a subject of controversy when she refuses to recite the Pledge of Allegiance at Board of Supervisors meetings. She says that it was a personal decision and that she rejects the words "with liberty and justice for all" because the United States has not yet achieved the goal of ensuring freedom and justice for all individuals.
Kim said she had no opinion on whether the persecuted Chinese spiritual group Falun Gong should be allowed to participate in the Chinese New Year parade in San Francisco. She opposed her predecessor Chris Daly's efforts to protect local Falun Gong followers' rights.
wn.com/Jane_Kim -
Janis Joplin
Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer and songwriter from Port Arthur, Texas. As a youth Joplin was ridiculed by her fellow students due to her unconventional appearance and personal beliefs. She later sang about her experience at school through her song "Ego Rock". Early in her life, Joplin cultivated a rebellious and unconventional lifestyle, becoming a beatnik poet. She began her singing career as a folk and blues singer in San Francisco, playing clubs and bars with her guitar and auto-harp.
Joplin first rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of the psychedelic-acid rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist with her more soulful and bluesy backing groups, The Kozmic Blues Band and The Full Tilt Boogie Band. She was one of the more popular acts at the Monterey Pop Festival and later became one of the major attractions to the Woodstock festival and the Festival Express train tour.
Janis Joplin only charted five singles in her life but her hits and other popular songs from throughout her short four year career include "Down On Me", "Bye, Bye Baby", "Coo Coo", "Summertime", "Piece of My Heart", "Turtle Blues", "Ball 'n' Chain", "Try (Just A Little Bit Harder)", "Maybe", "To Love Somebody", "Kozmic Blues", "Work Me, Lord", "Move Over", "Cry Baby", "A Woman Left Lonely" "Get It While You Can", "My Baby", "Trust Me", "Mercedes Benz", "One Night Stand", "Raise Your Hand" and her only number one hit, "Me and Bobby McGee".
wn.com/Janis_Joplin -
Japanese American
Japanese Americans (日系米国人, Nikkei Beikokujin?) are American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades, it have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,304,286, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702.
People from Japan began migrating to the U.S. in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Particularly after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Japanese immigrants were sought by industrialists to replace the Chinese immigrants. In 1907, the "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the governments of Japan and the U.S. ended immigration of Japanese workers (i.e., men), but permitted the immigration of spouses of Japanese immigrants already in the U.S. The Immigration Act of 1924 banned the immigration of all but a token few Japanese.
wn.com/Japanese_American -
Jean Quan
Jean Quan (Chinese: 關麗珍; pinyin: Guān Lìzhēn; born October 21, 1949) is the Democratic mayor of Oakland, California. She previously served as City Council member for Oakland's 4th District. Upon inauguration on January 3, 2011, she became Oakland's first female mayor.
Mayor Quan received national criticism for her handling of the Occupy Oakland protests in late October 2011.
Quan's husband, Dr. Floyd Huen, is a doctor of internal medicine for Alameda County. They met at UC Berkeley as activists on Asian-American issues.
Quan was on the Oakland School Board for 12 years, starting in 1990 after organizing a citywide parent organization, Save Our Schools. As a parent leader she helped save the music program in the Oakland Schools. She served as chair of the California Urban Schools Association, the Asian Pacific Islanders School Board Members Association (APISBMA), and the Council of Urban Boards Association (the urban caucus of the National School Board Association representing the nation's 100 largest districts). She was appointed by the Clinton Administration to represent School Boards on the Title I Rules Making Committee.[citation needed] In these roles she advocated for more funding for urban and immigrant students, more inclusion of minority community history in textbooks, comprehensive school services and after school programs, and expansion of pre-school and adult education programs.
wn.com/Jean_Quan -
Jerry Rice
Jerry Lee Rice (born October 13, 1962) is a retired American football wide receiver. He is widely considered to be the greatest wide receiver of all time and is considered by many to be the best NFL player to ever play football. On November 4, 2010, Rice was chosen by NFL Network's NFL Films production The Top 100: NFL's Greatest Players as the greatest player in NFL history.
The all-time leader in most major statistical categories for wide receivers and the all-time NFL leader in touchdowns scored with 208, Rice was selected to the Pro Bowl 13 times (1986–1996, 1998, 2002) and named All-Pro 12 times in his 20 NFL seasons. He won three Super Bowl rings playing for the San Francisco 49ers and an AFC Championship with the Oakland Raiders.
Jerry Rice was born and raised in Starkville, Mississippi, as the son of a brick mason. He developed his hands while working for his father. His speed also helped him excel in football in high school. He enjoyed watching football on television.
According to his book "Rice" (written with Michael Silver), the school's principal tracked him down for skipping class, but when he called his name the startled Rice sprinted off running. After seeing him run, the principal decided to let him join the football team or be punished. Jerry decided upon football and the principal told the school's football coach about his speed. The truthfulness of this story has been questioned.
wn.com/Jerry_Rice -
Joe Montana
Joseph Clifford "Joe" Montana, Jr. (born June 11, 1956), nicknamed Joe Cool, Golden Joe, The Golden Great and Comeback Joe, is a retired professional football player, a hall of fame quarterback with the San Francisco 49ers and Kansas City Chiefs. Montana started his NFL career in 1979 with San Francisco, where he played for the next 14 seasons. Traded before the 1993 season, he spent his final two years in the league with Kansas City. While a member of the 49ers, Montana started in four Super Bowl games and won all of them. Montana was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000, his first year of eligibility.
In 1989, and again in 1990, the Associated Press named Montana the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP), and Sports Illustrated magazine named Montana the 1990 "Sportsman of the Year". Four years earlier, in 1986, Montana won the AP NFL Comeback Player of the Year Award. Montana was elected to eight Pro Bowls, as well as being voted 1st team All-Pro by the AP in 1987, 1989, and 1990. Montana had the highest passer rating in the National Football Conference (NFC) five times (1981, 1984, 1985, 1987, and 1989); and, in both 1987 and 1989, Montana had the highest passer rating in the entire NFL.
wn.com/Joe_Montana -
John Avalos
John Avalos is a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 11. The district consists of Crocker-Amazon, Excelsior, Ingleside, Oceanview, and the Outer Mission districts. He was elected on November 4, 2008 in the 2008 San Francisco elections and took office on January 8, 2009.
Avalos was born in Wilmington, California. His mother, an office manager, and his dad, a member of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union, raised seven children. His parents divorced when he was young, and his mother cared for them on her own. Avalos moved to Andover, Massachusetts as a teenager and graduated from Andover High School in 1982.
After graduation, he moved back to his home state of California. As the first person in his family to graduate from college, Avalos earned a bachelors degree in English from University of California, Santa Barbara, and a masters degree in Social Work from San Francisco State University.
Avalos worked as an organizer for Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth in San Francisco's Excelsior District, and on the Justice for Janitors Campaign for Service Employees International Union (SEIU) Local 1877. Avalos worked as an educator and counselor for the Columbia Park Boys and Girls Club, Mission Neighborhood Health Center, and San Francisco Conservation Corps. For four years before being elected to the Board of Supervisors, Avalos was a legislative aide for Supervisor Chris Daly.
wn.com/John_Avalos -
José Sarria
José Julio Sarria (b. December 12, 1922 or 1923) is an American political activist from San Francisco, California. Known for his years of performing at the historic Black Cat Bar in that city from the 1950s and 1960s, Sarria entertained patrons with satirical versions of popular songs and operas while encouraging them to live their lives as openly as possible. He frequently dressed in drag.
Sarria was born to Julio Sarria and Maria Dolores Maldonado. His parents did not marry and his father showed no interest in his son's life. Maria initially raised José on her own, but when this became too difficult she placed him with another couple. Both they and his mother indulged his early interest in wearing girl's clothing. Sarria showed an affinity for languages, which led to his first serious romance with another man. Sarria tutored Paul Kolish, an Austrian baron who had fled from the Nazis. Sarria and Kolish fell in love, and their relationship endured until Kolish and his son were killed in a car accident in 1947.
wn.com/José_Sarria -
Kevin Johnson
Kevin Maurice Johnson (born March 4, 1966) is the current mayor of Sacramento, the capital city of the U.S. state of California. He is Sacramento's first African American mayor. Prior to entering politics, Johnson was a professional basketball player in the NBA, playing point guard for the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Phoenix Suns. As a player, he was a three-time NBA All-Star and five-time All-NBA selection who holds many records for the Phoenix Suns franchise. At University of California, Berkeley, Johnson had been a two-time All-Pac-10 Conference player who was also an honorable-mention All-American by the Associated Press sportswriters. Johnson was a 2000 graduate of the Harvard Divinity School Summer Leadership Institute, a program that prepares students for work in faith-based urban economic revitalization. He also has a B.A. in Political Science from UC Berkeley that he completed after his initial retirement from the NBA.
Johnson, the son of Georgia West and Lawrence Johnson, was born March 4, 1966 in Sacramento. After Johnson's father drowned in an accident in the Sacramento River, he was raised by his grandparents, the Peat family. He attended Sacramento High School, where he starred in both baseball and basketball and led the state of California in scoring (32.5 ppg) during his senior year.
wn.com/Kevin_Johnson -
Korean American
Korean Americans (Korean: 한국계 미국인, Hanja: 韓國系美國人, Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent, mostly from South Korea, with a small minority from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.6% of the United States population, or about 1.7 million people, and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The U.S. is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after the People's Republic of China.
While people living in North Korea cannot leave or emigrate from their country with rare exceptions, there are numbers of people of North Korean origin living in the U.S., primarily those who fled to the south during the Korean War and then later migrated to the United States. Also, since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 allowed North Korean defectors to be admitted as refugees, about 130 have settled in the U.S. under that status.
According to the 2010 Census, there were approximately 1.7 million people of Korean descent residing in the United States, making it the country with the second largest Korean population living outside Korea (after the People's Republic of China). The ten states with the largest estimated Korean American populations were California (452,000; 1.2%), New York (141,000, 0.7%), New Jersey (94,000, 1.1%), Virginia (71,000, 0.9%), Texas (68,000, 0.3%), Washington (62,400, 0.9%), Illinois (61,500, 0.5%), Georgia (52,500, 0.5%), Maryland (49,000, 0.8%), and Pennsylvania (41,000, 0.3%). Hawaii was the state with the highest concentration of Korean Americans, at 1.8%, or 23,200 people.
wn.com/Korean_American -
Laotian American
A Laotian American is a resident of the United States who was originally from Laos, a person of Laotian descent residing in America, or a citizen born in the United States whose parents were originally from Laos. Laotian Americans are included in the larger category of Asian Americans. The major immigrant generation were generally refugees who escaped Laos during the warfare and disruption of the 1970s, and entered refugee camps in Thailand across the Mekong River. They emigrated to the United States during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s.
Although many Hmong people are from Laos, they have a distinct culture, language and ethnicity, and identify as a different ethnic group. They generally identify as Hmong Americans, rather than Lao American.
The "national origin" category of Laotian American, which is different than ethnic groups, includes all ethnic groups who lived within the borders of Laos, such as the Hmong, ethnic Chinese, ethnic Vietnamese, and ethnic French or other Europeans.
wn.com/Laotian_American -
Leland Yee
Leland Yee (Chinese: 余胤良; pinyin: Yú Yìnliáng, born November 20, 1948) is a California State Senator in District 8 which represents the western half of San Francisco and most of San Mateo County. Prior to becoming state senator, Yee was a California State Assemblyman, Supervisor of San Francisco's Sunset District, and was a member and President of the San Francisco School Board. In 2004 Yee became the first Asian American to be appointed Speaker pro Tempore, making him the second highest ranking Democrat of the California State Assembly.
Leland Yee immigrated to San Francisco from Taishan,Guangdong, China when he was three years old and later became a naturalized United States citizen. His father served in the U.S. Army and the Merchant Marines. Yee attended San Francisco's Martin Luther King Jr. Academic Middle School and earned a bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley, a master's from San Francisco State University and a Ph.D. in Child Psychology from the University of Hawaii.
After obtaining his PhD in Child Psychology, Yee worked as a therapist in the Mental Health Department of San Francisco, the Oakland School District and with Asian American for Community Involvement, a non-profit that serves low-income people.
wn.com/Leland_Yee -
Levi Strauss
Levi Strauss ( /ˌliːvaɪ ˈstrɔːs/, born Löb Strauß, German pronunciation: [løːb ˈʃtʁaʊs]; February 26, 1829 – September 26, 1902) was a German-born American businessman who founded the first company to manufacture blue jeans. His firm, Levi Strauss & Co., began in 1853 in San Francisco, California.
Levi Strauss was born in Buttenheim, in the Franconian region of Bavaria, Germany, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family. He was the son of Hirsch Strauss and his wife Rebecca (Haass) Strauss. At the age of 18, Strauss, his mother and two sisters sailed for the United States to join his brothers Jonas and Louis, who had begun a wholesale dry goods business in New York City called J. Strauss Brother & Co.
The family decided to open a West Coast branch of the family dry goods business in San Francisco, which was the commercial hub of the California Gold Rush. Levi was chosen to represent the family, and after becoming an American citizen in January 1853, he then caught another steamship for San Francisco, arriving in early March 1853.
wn.com/Levi_Strauss -
Malia Cohen
Malia Cohen (born 1977) is an American politician currently serving on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 10, consisting of Bayview-Hunters Point, McLaren Park, part of the Portola, Potrero Hill, and Visitacion Valley.
Born in the Richmond District and a graduate of Lowell High School, she presently resides in the Hunters Point neighborhood.
In the 2010 election, she finished third out of a field of twenty-two, but eventually won the election based on ranked choice voting.
wn.com/Malia_Cohen -
Mark Leno
Mark Leno (born September 24, 1951) is an American politician, representing California's 3rd Senate district, which includes parts of San Francisco and Sonoma County, as well as the entirety of Marin County. He was elected in 2008 and is the first openly gay man to serve in the Senate. Leno was previously one of the first two openly gay men (along with John Laird) to serve in the Assembly. He also served as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors between 1998 and 2002 after being appointed by Willie Brown. Leno is the owner of Budget Signs Inc., a small business.
In 2008, he won the Democratic Party nomination for California's 3rd Senate district with 43.8 percent of the vote, defeating incumbent Senator Carole Migden, who had 28.6 percent of the vote, and former Assemblyman Joe Nation, who had 27.6 percent of the vote. He was then elected with 80% of the vote in the general election.[dead link]
Leno is the grandson of Jewish Russian immigrants. He is a native of Wisconsin and attended the University of Colorado at Boulder, then went on to become valedictorian of his graduating class at the American College in Jerusalem, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree. Leno also spent two years in rabbinical studies at Hebrew Union College in New York. Afterward, he moved to San Francisco on the invitation of his sister. He lived his first four years in the Tenderloin before moving to the Noe Valley neighborhood. In 1978, Leno started Budget Signs as owner and operator. The business incorporated in 1982. Working with his life partner, Douglas Jackson, the business continued to grow and their involvement in community affairs steadily expanded. Jackson died from complications related to AIDS in 1990. Despite this loss, Leno continued his efforts in community service.
wn.com/Mark_Leno -
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist. He is most noted for his novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), the latter often called "the Great American Novel."
Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which would later provide the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. He apprenticed with a printer. He also worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to his older brother Orion's newspaper. After toiling as a printer in various cities, he became a master riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River, before heading west to join Orion. He was a failure at gold mining, so he next turned to journalism. While a reporter, he wrote a humorous story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", which became very popular and brought nationwide attention. His travelogues were also well-received. Twain had found his calling.
He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker. His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.
wn.com/Mark_Twain -
Mexican American
Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican descent. As of July 2009, Mexican Americans make up 10.3% of the United States' population with over 31,689,000 Americans listed as of Mexican ancestry. Mexican Americans comprise 66% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second largest Mexican community in the world second only to Mexico itself comprising nearly 22% of the entire Mexican origin population of the world. Canada is a distant third with a Mexican origin population of 37,000 as of 2001 although increasing to 61,505 as of 2006. In addition, as of 2008 there were approximately 7,000,000 undocumented Mexicans living in the United States which if included in the count would increase the US share to over 28% of the world's Mexican origin population (Note that some of the undocumented would be captured in the US Census count depending on their willingness to provide information). Over 60% of all Mexican Americans reside in the states of California and Texas. Most Mexican Americans are the descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico and/or Europeans, especially Spaniards.
wn.com/Mexican_American -
Nancy Pelosi
Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi ( /pəˈloʊsi/; born March 26, 1940) is the Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives and served as the 60th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 2007 to 2011. She was the first woman to hold the office and to date, has been the highest-ranking female politician in American history.
A member of the Democratic Party, Pelosi has represented California's 8th congressional district, which consists of four-fifths of the city and county of San Francisco, since 1987. The district was numbered as the 5th during Pelosi's first three terms in the House. She served as the House Minority Whip from 2002 to 2003, and was House Minority Leader from 2003 to 2007, holding the post during the 108th and 109th Congresses. Pelosi is the first woman, the first Californian and first Italian-American to lead a major party in Congress. After the Democrats took control of the House in 2007 and increased their majority in 2009, Pelosi was elected Speaker of the House for the 110th and 111th Congresses.
wn.com/Nancy_Pelosi -
Ronnie Lott
Ronald Mandel "Ronnie" Lott (born May 8, 1959) is a former American college and professional football player who was a cornerback, free safety, and strong safety in the National Football League (NFL) for fifteen seasons during the 1980s and 1990s. Lott played college football for the University of Southern California, and was honored as a consensus All-American. A first-round pick in the 1981 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the San Francisco 49ers, Los Angeles Raiders, New York Jets, and Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL. Lott was elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000, and is widely considered one of the best defensive backs in NFL history.
Lott attended Frisbie Junior High and Eisenhower High School in Rialto, California, where he played football under Coach Bill Christopher and graduated in 1977. He considered his time at Eisenhower High School the best years of his life. It is commonly thought that he was the best player on his team, he started as a wide receiver in 1975 as a sophomore, started at wide receiver and safety in 1976 as a junior, and in 1977 he started at quarterback and safety. The football stadium was recently named after Lott, even though he never played in the stadium. Lott was also the winner of the Ken Hubbs Award, given to the greater San Bernardino, California area's top male high school athlete.
wn.com/Ronnie_Lott -
Salvadoran American
Salvadoran Americans are citizens or residents of the United States of Salvadoran descent. As of 2010 there are 1.6 million Salvadoran Americans in the United States, the fourth-largest Hispanic community by nation of ancestry.
One of the largest populations of Salvadoran Americans resides in the Greater Los Angeles area, including Orange County, California, the Inland Empire, as well as in San Diego. Other metropolitan areas with a major Salvadoran American presence include other California regions outside of Los Angeles such as the San Francisco Bay Area; the Washington Metropolitan Area, with most concentrated in the suburbs in Northern Virginia and Maryland; Central Florida and South Florida; Texas, especially in Houston, Austin, Dallas and Fort Worth; the New York City area such as Northern New Jersey, Flushing, Queens and Long Island; Atlanta; northern Georgia; New Orleans; and the Chicago metro area.
Salvadoran immigration to the United States is a fairly recent phenomenon historically, with the movement small in comparison to some of the great immigration waves of the past, but it has had a profound significance for both El Salvador and the United States.
wn.com/Salvadoran_American -
Samoan American
Samoan Americans are American citizens of Samoan origin, including those who migrated from the Independent State of Samoa and America Samoa to the United States. Samoan Americans are considered Pacific Islanders in the United States Census, and are the second largest Pacific Islander group in the U.S., after Native Hawaiians.
America Samoa has been an unincorporated territory of the United States since 1900, and Samoa, officially known as the Independent State of Samoa, is an independent nation that gained its independence from New Zealand in 1962. America Samoa and Samoa are both what make up the Samoan Islands, an archipelago that covers 1,170 sq mi (3,030 km2). Like Hawaiian Americans, the Samoans arrived in the mainland in the 20th century as agricultural laborers and factory workers.
There are more than 180,000 people of Samoan descent living stateside, which is roughly the population of the Independent State of Samoa, which had an estimated population of 179,000 in 2009. Honolulu, Hawaii has the largest Samoan population, while Long Beach, California has the largest Samoan population in the mainland United States, where people of Samoan ancestry make up one percent of the city's population, or 4,513 people, as of 2010. There are also significant Samoan communities throughout the state of California, and in Washington, Utah, and Alaska.
wn.com/Samoan_American -
Scott Wiener
Scott Wiener (born May 11, 1970) is an American politician currently serving on the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing District 8, consisting of The Castro, Diamond Heights, Duboce Triangle, Eureka Valley, Glen Park, and Noe Valley. Wiener serves on the Board of Supervisors Land Use and Economic Committee, and the Budget and Finance Subcommittee.
Prior to his election to the Board of Supervisors, he served as an attorney under San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera. He previously served as chair of the San Francisco Democratic County Central Committee.
In September 2011, nudists gathered to protest a proposed law that would put some restrictions on public nudity in San Francisco. The law would prevent nudity in restaurants and require naked people to sit on a towel or other covering, when sitting on benches or other public seats. Wiener made national news headlines when he introduced the law in response to an increase of complaints of nudity in public places and restaurants.
wn.com/Scott_Wiener -
Sean Elsbernd
Sean Elsbernd (born February 7, 1976) is an American politician currently representing District 7 for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. District 7 includes neighborhoods west of Twin Peaks, the Villas at Parkmerced, Lake Merced, Harding Park Golf Course, San Francisco State University, City College of San Francisco, and Laguna Honda Hospital and Rehabilitation Center.
He went on to receive his BA from Claremont McKenna College in 1997 and graduated from University of California Hastings College of the Law in 2000. He was subsequently admitted to the State Bar of California on December 4, 2000.
Prior to his work in City Hall, Elsbernd worked as a law clerk with Nielsen, Merksamer, Parinello, Mueller, & Naylor and with the San Francisco District Attorney's Office. He also worked in the office of Congressman Tom Lantos as a co-director of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1995.
Elsbernd was elected to the Board of Supervisors in November 2004, following his August 2004 appointment to the Board by Mayor Gavin Newsom.
wn.com/Sean_Elsbernd -
Sukhee Kang
Sukhee Kang (Korean: 강석희; born September 15, 1952) is the current mayor of Irvine, California. Kang is a Korean American Democrat. On July 6, 2011, he announced his candidacy for the United States Congress. If elected, he would be the only Korean-American in Congress, and only the second ever to serve after Republican representative Jay Kim.
Sukhee Kang (강석희) was born at Yeji-dong near Jongno 5-ga in Seoul, South Korea to merchant parents from the city of Kaesong. He served military draft duty in the Republic of Korea Army from 1973-75 and immigrated to the United States in June 1977 from South Korea after receiving his Bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from Korea University in Seongbuk-gu, Seoul. When he was in a college, he joined the English debating club named Seoul PTC (Pine Tree Club) and served as the president from 1971-72. He received an honorary doctoral degree in Business Administration from Dongseo University in Busan, South Korea in March 2011.
He began his professional career at Circuit City as a sales and customer service representative for 15 years (1977-92) , then since 1992, volunteered at KASF(Korean American Scholarship Foundation), KACF(Korean American Community Foundation) and the Orange County Branch of Korean American Corporation, serving as the president in KADC(Korean American Democratic Committee) .
wn.com/Sukhee_Kang -
Thai American
A Thai American is an American of whose parents or grandparents came from Thailand. Many of them may in fact be of Thai Chinese or at least part Chinese ancestry, but they are still considered to be Thai.
The first Thais known to have come to the United States were Chang and Eng Bunker, the famous Siamese twins. Of mixed Chinese and Thai ancestry, they were brought to the United States in 1830 to become a sideshow attraction. They adopted the family name "Bunker" and later settled in White Plains, North Carolina. Both married and had children, spending alternate nights in each other's home. Their descendants are numerous.
The first Thai to study in the United States was He Thien (original name "Thien Hee"), a Thai Chinese who was brought by a returning American missionary. He Thien graduated from a New York medical college in 1871. He then returned to Siam, eventually adopting a Thai name. An influential businessman and father of Pote Sarasin, a former Prime minister of Thailand, He Thien is the founder of the powerful Sarasin Family.
wn.com/Thai_American -
Theresa Sparks
Theresa Sparks is the Executive Director of the San Francisco Human Rights Commission and was a candidate for San Francisco Supervisor for District 6 in the November 2010 election. She is a former president of the San Francisco Police Commission and former CEO of Good Vibrations. She is also one of San Francisco's most famous transgender women and was a Grand Marshal in the 2008 San Francisco Pride Parade.
Sparks is also a member of the Emeritus Board of the Alice B. Toklas LGBT Democratic Club, an Army veteran and a trained engineer.[dead link] She is a member of the Board of Directors of the Horizons Foundation, a community-based LGBT philanthropic organization.
Theresa Sparks was born on April 8, 1949, in Kansas City, Kansas, where she grew up. Assigned male at birth, Sparks expressed her gender identity at an early age by wearing women's clothing, though she later resisted these impulses in adolescence.
Sparks went to Kansas State University and graduated with a degree in engineering. She served in the United States Navy. Later she managed several waste management and recycling companies and patented two recycling techniques.
wn.com/Theresa_Sparks -
Tom Ammiano
Tom Ammiano (born December 15, 1941) is an American politician and LGBT rights activist from San Francisco, California. Ammiano is a Democrat who has served as a member of the California State Assembly since 2008, representing the 13th district. He had previously been a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors and had mounted an unsuccessful bid for mayor of San Francisco in 1999.
Ammiano was born and grew up in Montclair, New Jersey. He attended Seton Hall University in 1963 and received a bachelor's degree in communication. He was an Easter Seals Camp counselor in the summers of 1962-3, later attending San Francisco State University in 1965 where he received a master's degree in special education. He taught English to children in South Vietnam as part of a Quaker program, but left shortly after the Tet Offensive in 1968.
Ammiano is a former public school teacher. In 1975, he became the first public school teacher in San Francisco to make his sexual orientation a matter of public knowledge. In 1977, Ammiano founded the movement (No on 6) against the Briggs Initiative, started by John Briggs to ban all gay people from teaching in California, with activists Hank Wilson and Harvey Milk. The anti-Briggs movement, supported by people as diverse as Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan, was successful in defeating the initiative in 1978.
wn.com/Tom_Ammiano -
Tom Bates
Thomas H. Bates (born February 9, 1938) is an American politician and is currently serving as the Mayor of Berkeley, California. He previously served 20 years as a member of the California State Assembly before being termed out in 1996. Bates is married to Loni Hancock, a former mayor of Berkeley and State Assembly member who currently serves in the California State Senate. Bates is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley and was a member of the Golden Bears' 1959 Rose Bowl team. Bates was a Captain in the United States Army Reserves after graduating from college and served in Germany. He worked in real estate prior to his service in the state legislature. Bates also served as a member of the Alameda County Board of Supervisors.
Bates served in the California State Assembly representing the 14th District (the East Bay Area) from 1976 to 1996. During those 20 years, Bates was known as one of the legislature's most liberal members. Under Republican governors, Bates authored over 220 bills that became law, including the creation of the East Bay Shoreline State Park, a number of progressive social policy laws, and the founding of the first Community Bank in the Bay Area. Bates authored the first legislation in the country allowing "brew pubs" - establishments that brew their own beer for sales on and off the premises and are typically combined with a restaurant.
wn.com/Tom_Bates -
Tony Bennett
Anthony Dominick Benedetto, better known as Tony Bennett (born August 3, 1926), is an American singer of popular music, standards, show tunes, and jazz. Bennett is also a serious and accomplished painter, having created works — under the name Benedetto — that are on permanent public display in several institutions. He is the founder of Frank Sinatra School of the Arts in New York City.
Raised in New York City, Bennett began singing at an early age. He fought in the final stages of World War II as an infantryman with the U.S. Army in the European Theatre. Afterwards, he developed his singing technique, signed with Columbia Records, and had his first number one popular song with "Because of You" in 1951. Several top hits such as "Rags to Riches" followed in the early 1950s. Bennett then further refined his approach to encompass jazz singing. He reached an artistic peak in the late 1950s with albums such as The Beat of My Heart and Basie Swings, Bennett Sings. In 1962, Bennett recorded his signature song, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco". His career and his personal life then suffered an extended downturn during the height of the rock music era.
wn.com/Tony_Bennett -
Vietnamese American
A Vietnamese American (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt) is an American of Vietnamese descent. They make up about half of all overseas Vietnamese (Người Việt Hải Ngoại) and are the fourth-largest Asian American group.
Mass Vietnamese immigration to the United States started after 1975, after the end of the Vietnam War. Early immigrants were refugee boat people fleeing persecution or poverty. Forced to flee from their homeland and often thrust into poor urban neighborhoods, these newcomers have nevertheless managed to establish strong communities in a short amount of time. More than sixty percent of Vietnamese Americans reside in the states of California, Texas, Washington, Florida, and Virginia.
As a relatively recent immigrant group, most Vietnamese Americans are either first- or second-generation Americans. They have the lowest distribution of people with more than one race among the major Asian American groups. As many as one million people who are five years and older speak Vietnamese at home—making it the seventh-most spoken language in the United States. As refugees, Vietnamese Americans have some of the highest rates of naturalization. In the 2006 American Community Survey, 72% of foreign-born Vietnamese are naturalized US citizens; this combined with the 36% who are born in the United States makes 82% of them United States citizen in total. Of those born outside the United States, 46.5% entered before 1990, 38.8% between 1990 and 2000, and 14.6% entered after 2000.
wn.com/Vietnamese_American -
Willie Mays
Willie Howard Mays, Jr. (born May 6, 1931) is a retired American professional baseball player who played the majority of his major league career with the New York and San Francisco Giants before finishing with the New York Mets. Nicknamed The Say Hey Kid, Mays was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1979, his first year of eligibility. Most baseball fans and historians agree that Mays was the greatest all-around baseball player to have played in the Major Leagues.
Mays won two MVP awards and tied Stan Musial's record with 24 appearances in the All-Star Game. Mays ended his career with 660 home runs, third at the time of his retirement, and currently fourth all-time. An outstanding center fielder, he won a record-tying twelve Gold Gloves starting the year the award was introduced six seasons into his career.
In 1999, Mays placed second on The Sporting News' List of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, making him the highest-ranking living player. Later that year, he was also elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. Mays is one of five NL players to have eight consecutive 100-RBI seasons, along with Mel Ott, Sammy Sosa, Chipper Jones and Albert Pujols. Mays hit 50 or more home runs in both 1955 and 1965. This time span represents the longest stretch between 50 plus home run seasons for any player in Major League Baseball history.
wn.com/Willie_Mays -
Willie McCovey
Willie Lee McCovey (born January 10, 1938 in Mobile, Alabama), nicknamed "Mac", "Big Mac", and "Stretch", is a former Major League Baseball first baseman. He played nineteen seasons for the San Francisco Giants, and three more for the San Diego Padres and Oakland Athletics, between 1959 and 1980. He batted and threw left-handed and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986.
One of the most intimidating power hitters of his era, McCovey was called "the scariest hitter in baseball" by pitcher Bob Gibson, an assessment with which Reggie Jackson concurred. McCovey's powerful swing generated 521 home runs, 231 of which he hit in Candlestick Park, the most hit there by any player, and included a home run of Sept. 16, 1966 described as the longest ever hit in that stadium.
Prior to playing for the San Francisco Giants, McCovey played for a Giants' farm club in Dallas, Texas that was part of the Class AA Southern League. In that league, he did not participate when his team played in Shreveport, Louisiana due to segregation in that city. He later played for the Pacific Coast League Phoenix Giants just prior to joining the San Francisco Giants.
wn.com/Willie_McCovey
karaoke
Maybe I'm a loner,
Maybe I'm a man,
Maybe I'm a fool,
But tried to understand.
I've been a dreamer,
And I've been around,
And I've spent my time
In many lonesome towns.
I used to know a woman,
I used to know a child,
Sometimes she was so gentle,
Sometimes she'd be so wild.
I gave her all my lovin,
And I gave her all my youth,
So certain of the future,
So sure we found the truth.
San Francisco Bay,
Where my love and I did run away,
We were looking for another day,
But we couldn't find the words to say...
San Francisco Bay,
All the flowers that we gave away,
Didn't know our sky was turing gray,
We were so young in San Francisco Bay.
So you see my darling,
Just why I've been so strange,
I've had so many heartaches,
It's hard for me to change.
So when you talk of lovin,
And going away with me,
I still can't help remembering
The way things used to be...
San Francisco Bay,
Where my love and I did run away,
We were looking for another day,
But we couldn't find the words to say...
San Francisco Bay,
All the flowers that we gave away,
Didn't know our sky was turing gray,
We were so young in San Francisco Bay.
San Francisco Bay,
Where my love and I did run away,
We were looking for another day,
But we couldn't find the words to say...
San Francisco Bay,
All the flowers that we gave away,
Didn't know our sky was turing gray,
I bathed in the water of the wrath
I like to count the money bitch I like to do the math
You’re sneaky like a left jab over hand right
I’m Friday night fights in the Memphis bright lights
I got a suit passion
I like to dress in the high fashion
Broke hos with good jokes keep me laughin’
I talk shit behind the tint of my Benz
As my driver goes 90 over da Bay Bridge
It’s like smokin’ weed all up in heaven
My God is a 7
And yo I’m a 3 11
That’s 14
I sport Jordan’s when I wear jeans
I’m in the hills of Tahoe throwing on my high beams
I like to wear rings
A couple pretty things
I sport leather on a bitch
If the city rains
We do drugs on a polar bear rug
If your man is a pimp
Don’t expect no love
It’s all upgrade
My new shades block the sun rays
Tupac on every Sunday
It’s all upgrade
My new shades block the sun rays
Tupac on every Sunday
I unwrap the plastic off the swisher
Grab your telephone bitch you can take a picture
Pour it like its liquor but move a little quicka
We live by the gun so we die by the trigger
That’s word of life
Man have you ever seen a fiend’s pipe?
It’s as dark as 12 a.m.
even in the sun light
I lose my train of thought until you say the cost
I gotta bookie that love when I take a loss
I gotta prohibition mind state
about the crime rate
No love bitch on a blind date
You get a repo reaction from the people
Down here we bump C-Bo
We sport Filas and Adidas and Perry Ellis
Them bitches might be fine but them hos be getting jealous
It’s high fashion car crashin suit matchin
Talkin shit on the freeway laughin
I gotta sweet tooth
I like candy paint
I talk shit to a bitch
Til the ho faint
I gotta sweet tooth
I like candy paint
I talk shit to a bitch
Til the ho faint
Get the New Testament
You get the tour and the estimate
Rhyme crime up in your residence
The camera lens is not a friend
it just offends
so I talk alotta shit behind the tint of my Benz
on I-80 880 980 580
280 Aw Baby
All aboard like a train
My young homie said he’s like an old man
Cuz he’s gotta push cane
Like a dime
To design
it never rhyme
My soul it never dies just like the Holy Qur’an
And on the scale
It’s like bail
And killer whales
Get at me early baby
Something like a clearance sale
I open up
I let you know
about the cost
I eat a pork chop with a deep money thought
I open up
I let you know
about the cost
I eat a pork chop with a deep money thought
Like a dead poet
And you know
Cuz you show it
I’m driving down to San Jose and I like to floor it
Like a dead poet
And you know
Cuz you show it
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
SMOKIE - San Francisco Bay (HQ) (1980)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:05
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
SMOKIE - San Francisco Bay (1980)
http://wn.com/SMOKIE_San_Francisco_Bay_HQ_1980
Lee Oskar - San Francisco Bay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Lee Oskar - San Francisco Bay jazz
http://wn.com/Lee_Oskar_San_Francisco_Bay
San Francisco Bay home has 270° views
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
On Belvedere Island, this multi-million dollar home offers thousands of square feet of indoor-outdoor living with iconic San Francisco views.
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_Bay_home_has_270°_views
On Belvedere Island, this multi-million dollar home offers thousands of square feet of indoor-outdoor living with iconic San Francisco views.
- published: 27 Dec 2012
- views: 79
- author: CNNMoney
Resistance 2 HD Walkthrough Part 3 - San Francisco Bay, California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:44
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Resistance 2 Walkthrough on Normal difficulty. Chimera have invaded the US. In this segment we see the invasion of SRPA Base 3 in San Francisco. Echo Team is trying to get out of San Francisco.
http://wn.com/Resistance_2_HD_Walkthrough_Part_3_San_Francisco_Bay,_California
Resistance 2 Walkthrough on Normal difficulty. Chimera have invaded the US. In this segment we see the invasion of SRPA Base 3 in San Francisco. Echo Team is trying to get out of San Francisco.
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 19
- author: PrinceAsassin
Jesse Fuller - San Francisco Bay Blues (1968)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Lone Cat Jesse Fuller - San Francisco Bay Blues (1968) Jesse Fuller (March 12, 1896 - January 29, 1976) was an American one-man band musician, best known for his song "San Francisco Bay Blues". His nickname was "Lone Cat."
http://wn.com/Jesse_Fuller_San_Francisco_Bay_Blues_1968
Lone Cat Jesse Fuller - San Francisco Bay Blues (1968) Jesse Fuller (March 12, 1896 - January 29, 1976) was an American one-man band musician, best known for his song "San Francisco Bay Blues". His nickname was "Lone Cat."
- published: 18 Jul 2010
- views: 61035
- author: TheQuicksilverdog
Eva Cassidy | San Francisco Bay Blues | Simply-Eva.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Never before seen footage of Eva Cassidy performing San Francisco Bay Blues at "Pearl's", a now defunct supper club in Annapolis, recorded on the 24th September 1994. Only through recent advances in digital technology has it been possible to restore and enhance the original tape to a viewable standard. "Her wailing, slowed-down interpretation of San Francisco Bay Blues puts a new light not only on her but Jesse Fuller's song itself" - BBC Music This performance features on the new album 'Simply Eva' , go to www.simply-eva.com for lots more information.
http://wn.com/Eva_Cassidy_|_San_Francisco_Bay_Blues_|_Simply-Evacom
Never before seen footage of Eva Cassidy performing San Francisco Bay Blues at "Pearl's", a now defunct supper club in Annapolis, recorded on the 24th September 1994. Only through recent advances in digital technology has it been possible to restore and enhance the original tape to a viewable standard. "Her wailing, slowed-down interpretation of San Francisco Bay Blues puts a new light not only on her but Jesse Fuller's song itself" - BBC Music This performance features on the new album 'Simply Eva' , go to www.simply-eva.com for lots more information.
- published: 18 Feb 2011
- views: 52833
- author: blixstreet
Saturday: Full Replay from ACWS San Francisco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 182:27
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
FULL REPLAY Format Match Racing Semi Finals 2 x 25 minute Fleet Races www.americascup.com
http://wn.com/Saturday_Full_Replay_from_ACWS_San_Francisco
FULL REPLAY Format Match Racing Semi Finals 2 x 25 minute Fleet Races www.americascup.com
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 37804
- author: AmericasCup
Pi in the Sky SkyTyping over San Francisco Bay Fremont CA 09/12/12 Ishky Zero1 SkyWriting
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Pi in the Sky SkyTyping over San Francisco Bay Fremont CA 09/12/12 Pi in the sky SkyTyping Sky Typing San Francisco Bay Area Airplanes Numbers Fremont CA Skywriting Sky Writing "Pi in the sky" Ishky Zero1 Biennial 3.14
http://wn.com/Pi_in_the_Sky_SkyTyping_over_San_Francisco_Bay_Fremont_CA_09_12_12_Ishky_Zero1_SkyWriting
Pi in the Sky SkyTyping over San Francisco Bay Fremont CA 09/12/12 Pi in the sky SkyTyping Sky Typing San Francisco Bay Area Airplanes Numbers Fremont CA Skywriting Sky Writing "Pi in the sky" Ishky Zero1 Biennial 3.14
- published: 12 Sep 2012
- views: 49009
- author: g mac
San Francisco 49ers Vs Green Bay Packers (9-9-12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 150:21
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Copyright Disclaimer: No Copyright Intended, just "Fair use". Want me to upload more full games? leave a comment saying so, rate up, and subscribe. I recently got a copyright strike for the "Ravens V Bengals" game, IDK who did it but somehow i doubt it was the NFL, anyway The RvsB game wont be shown but i will get u all future Ravens and Bengals games!!! Please leave a Comment showing How U Feel about the ravens v bengals being removed.
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_49ers_Vs_Green_Bay_Packers_9-9-12
Copyright Disclaimer: No Copyright Intended, just "Fair use". Want me to upload more full games? leave a comment saying so, rate up, and subscribe. I recently got a copyright strike for the "Ravens V Bengals" game, IDK who did it but somehow i doubt it was the NFL, anyway The RvsB game wont be shown but i will get u all future Ravens and Bengals games!!! Please leave a Comment showing How U Feel about the ravens v bengals being removed.
- published: 15 Sep 2012
- views: 71503
- author: MrDoubbleU
NORCAL - ISA SF Bay Area - Sept 24
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
The festival has passed. Over 2500 coming to support an amazing show! ALL DETAILS: isatv.com Don't miss out on future shows and updates! FOLLOW: @isaconcerts, @wongfupro VISIT: isatv.com SUBSCRIBE youtube.com
http://wn.com/NORCAL_ISA_SF_Bay_Area_Sept_24
The festival has passed. Over 2500 coming to support an amazing show! ALL DETAILS: isatv.com Don't miss out on future shows and updates! FOLLOW: @isaconcerts, @wongfupro VISIT: isatv.com SUBSCRIBE youtube.com
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 111436
- author: WongFuProductions
Underwater Fish Tunnels @ SF Bay Aquarium
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
@steviebreech
http://wn.com/Underwater_Fish_Tunnels_@_SF_Bay_Aquarium
SAN FRANCISCO AQUARIUM OF THE BAY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
@steviebreech
http://wn.com/SAN_FRANCISCO_AQUARIUM_OF_THE_BAY
Freebord - Day In The Bay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Watch as some of the best shred some of the most iconic locations throughout the entire San Francisco Bay Area. Locations such as Lombard St, SF & California St, SF. Skate like a snowboarder. Progression and innovation is what drives us. Through years of evolution and rider driven design, Freebord has engineered a setup that rides exactly like a snowboard on pavement. More videos on www.freebord.com or check out the ride at http Music - The Pass "Crosswalk Stereo"
http://wn.com/Freebord_Day_In_The_Bay
Watch as some of the best shred some of the most iconic locations throughout the entire San Francisco Bay Area. Locations such as Lombard St, SF & California St, SF. Skate like a snowboarder. Progression and innovation is what drives us. Through years of evolution and rider driven design, Freebord has engineered a setup that rides exactly like a snowboard on pavement. More videos on www.freebord.com or check out the ride at http Music - The Pass "Crosswalk Stereo"
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 166878
- author: FreebordMfg
Low-rent liveaboard life in high-rent San Francisco Bay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Fiver Brown is a musician and the kind of guy who has worked as a rodeo clown and a sushi photographer, so he couldn't really afford to buy a home in his current hometown of Sausalito with an average home price of 2.2 million dollars. So he bought a boat. Technically, he bought a floating home. It's a former WWII lifeboat that had been converted into a small home and docked at one of the town's historic houseboat communities. It's only 13 feet by 37 feet (481 square feet), but the views are unbeatable. He watches stingrays and birds from the galley/kitchen and from his lofted bed he can peer down at his floating neighbors and the hills of Sausalito above. His home is paid off- though he still pays a monthly slip rental as part of the Galilee Harbor Coop- and he's living right where he wants to be, in a town known for its arts scene. He and his band- Fiver Brown and the Good Sinners- perform regular gigs in both Sausalito and across the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Fiver also uses his small home as a place to write music and as headquarters for his local label, Floating Records. The docks here have always been a sanctuary: first for refugees of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and later for beatniks and hippies. In 1967 Otis Redding wrote the first verse of "Sitting on The Dock of the Bay" while staying on a floating home here. Stewart Brand of the Whole Earth Catalog still lives here on a former tugboat. In this video, Fiver shows us his digs, including a walk-in ...
http://wn.com/Low-rent_liveaboard_life_in_high-rent_San_Francisco_Bay
Fiver Brown is a musician and the kind of guy who has worked as a rodeo clown and a sushi photographer, so he couldn't really afford to buy a home in his current hometown of Sausalito with an average home price of 2.2 million dollars. So he bought a boat. Technically, he bought a floating home. It's a former WWII lifeboat that had been converted into a small home and docked at one of the town's historic houseboat communities. It's only 13 feet by 37 feet (481 square feet), but the views are unbeatable. He watches stingrays and birds from the galley/kitchen and from his lofted bed he can peer down at his floating neighbors and the hills of Sausalito above. His home is paid off- though he still pays a monthly slip rental as part of the Galilee Harbor Coop- and he's living right where he wants to be, in a town known for its arts scene. He and his band- Fiver Brown and the Good Sinners- perform regular gigs in both Sausalito and across the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. Fiver also uses his small home as a place to write music and as headquarters for his local label, Floating Records. The docks here have always been a sanctuary: first for refugees of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and later for beatniks and hippies. In 1967 Otis Redding wrote the first verse of "Sitting on The Dock of the Bay" while staying on a floating home here. Stewart Brand of the Whole Earth Catalog still lives here on a former tugboat. In this video, Fiver shows us his digs, including a walk-in ...
- published: 24 Oct 2011
- views: 140449
- author: kirstendirksen
Eric Clapton San Francisco Bay Blues
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
A Little Red Rooster More videos like this: alittleredrooster.blogspot.com Este video y más en : alittleredrooster.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Eric_Clapton_San_Francisco_Bay_Blues
A Little Red Rooster More videos like this: alittleredrooster.blogspot.com Este video y más en : alittleredrooster.blogspot.com
- published: 09 Jun 2009
- views: 225156
- author: alittleredroostervid
San Francisco Bay Area Video Production at Penrose Productions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Award-winning video production in the San Francisco Bay Area at www.penroseproductions.com Penrose Productions Demo Tape Penrose Productions is the leading video production company in the San Francisco Bay Area and Northern California. With over 30 years of experience producing award-winning...
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_Bay_Area_Video_Production_at_Penrose_Productions
Award-winning video production in the San Francisco Bay Area at www.penroseproductions.com Penrose Productions Demo Tape Penrose Productions is the leading video production company in the San Francisco Bay Area and Northern California. With over 30 years of experience producing award-winning...
- published: 30 Apr 2012
- views: 12408
- author: saucertosser
Best Laser Hair Removal San Francisco Bay Area
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Laser Hair Removal San Francisco www.maasclinic.com Corey S. Maas, MD, FACS reveals how The Maas Clinic performs laser hair removal in San Francisco Bay Area and how patients can get the results they desire. "The DUET machine is a way of doing laser hair removal in a very fast...
http://wn.com/Best_Laser_Hair_Removal_San_Francisco_Bay_Area
Laser Hair Removal San Francisco www.maasclinic.com Corey S. Maas, MD, FACS reveals how The Maas Clinic performs laser hair removal in San Francisco Bay Area and how patients can get the results they desire. "The DUET machine is a way of doing laser hair removal in a very fast...
- published: 02 Aug 2011
- views: 1068
- author: TheMaasClinic
San Francisco Time Lapse (Empty America)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
The "Empty America" series begins in San Francisco. From the Golden Gate Bridge to Fisherman's Wharf to Lombard Street to Ghirardelli Square to the Bay Bridge - get a good look at some of San Francisco's most iconic landmarks (wiped empty of tourists and traffic). watch the making of this video - bit.ly (learn how the streets of San Francisco were cleared of all tourists and cars and trollies and traffic) watch Empty America: Washington, DC - bitly.com watch Empty America: Seattle - bit.ly watch Empty America: New York City - bit.ly SUBSCRIBE to Thrash Lab: bit.ly FOLLOW Thrash Lab on Twitter - twitter.com "Empty America" (a Thrash Lab Special directed by Ross Ching) Music composed by David Adametz All trademarks displayed in the video are the property of the owners of those marks and are used for reference purposes only. None of the trademark owners are associated with or sponsors of this video.
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_Time_Lapse_Empty_America
The "Empty America" series begins in San Francisco. From the Golden Gate Bridge to Fisherman's Wharf to Lombard Street to Ghirardelli Square to the Bay Bridge - get a good look at some of San Francisco's most iconic landmarks (wiped empty of tourists and traffic). watch the making of this video - bit.ly (learn how the streets of San Francisco were cleared of all tourists and cars and trollies and traffic) watch Empty America: Washington, DC - bitly.com watch Empty America: Seattle - bit.ly watch Empty America: New York City - bit.ly SUBSCRIBE to Thrash Lab: bit.ly FOLLOW Thrash Lab on Twitter - twitter.com "Empty America" (a Thrash Lab Special directed by Ross Ching) Music composed by David Adametz All trademarks displayed in the video are the property of the owners of those marks and are used for reference purposes only. None of the trademark owners are associated with or sponsors of this video.
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 867721
- author: thethrashlab
#11 San Francisco Bay Blues (PP&M; Cover) / Heart Stream Concert, Dec. 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Playing Peter, Paul and Mary music together since 1968, we Heart Stream, four of us born in Japan, really hope to prove that "Music speaks louder than words across borders." Heart Stream Live at "Adachi-city Shogai-Gakushu Center" in Tokyo, Dec.1st, 2012. music.geocities.jp music.geocities.jp
http://wn.com/_11_San_Francisco_Bay_Blues_PP&M;_Cover_Heart_Stream_Concert,_Dec_2012
Playing Peter, Paul and Mary music together since 1968, we Heart Stream, four of us born in Japan, really hope to prove that "Music speaks louder than words across borders." Heart Stream Live at "Adachi-city Shogai-Gakushu Center" in Tokyo, Dec.1st, 2012. music.geocities.jp music.geocities.jp
- published: 30 Dec 2012
- views: 7
- author: HeartSt
All aBOARD in San Francisco
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
ORACLE TEAM USA's brand new AC72 "17" takes flight with a little help from it's trimaran predecessor, USA17, winner of the 33rd America's Cup. © Amory Ross / ORACLE TEAM USA
http://wn.com/All_aBOARD_in_San_Francisco
ORACLE TEAM USA's brand new AC72 "17" takes flight with a little help from it's trimaran predecessor, USA17, winner of the 33rd America's Cup. © Amory Ross / ORACLE TEAM USA
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 74524
- author: OracleRacingTeam
Tyreke Evans Has RIDICULOUS HANDLES!!! SF Pro-Am MIxtape!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Check out NBA star Tyreke Evans going absolutely HAM all summer long for the Dream Team in the San Francisco Pro-Am...
http://wn.com/Tyreke_Evans_Has_RIDICULOUS_HANDLES!!!_SF_Pro-Am_MIxtape!!!
Check out NBA star Tyreke Evans going absolutely HAM all summer long for the Dream Team in the San Francisco Pro-Am...
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 189755
- author: Yayareasfinest2006
ERIC CLAPTON....SAN FRANCISCO BAY BLUES
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/ERIC_CLAPTONSAN_FRANCISCO_BAY_BLUES
SAN FRANCISCO with OLGA KAY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:58
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
INSTAGRAM @OlgaKay Share this video with friends :D ↓↓↓JOIN THE MOOSH ARMY ↓↓↓ www.OlgaKay.com http Starring: Olga Kay www.imdb.com MOOSH ARMY GEAR SHIRTS - olgakay.spreadshirt.com Posters bit.ly MOOSHooS - www.tweakfootwear.com Shot and Edited by Matthew Hibbs matthewhibbs.com MY OTHER CHANNELS OlgaKay2 channel http Beauty channel www.youtube.com Iphone Channel- youtube.com Mushka's channel - youtube.com Gaming - www.youtube.com CONNECT with me www.OlgaKay.com http www.facebook.com imdb.com www.olgakay.tumblr.com http www.keek.com MY IPHONE APP bit.ly OlgaKay POBOX 17782 Van Nuys, CA 91416 See you guys next time!!! Hugs Olga aka MOOSH mommy
http://wn.com/SAN_FRANCISCO_with_OLGA_KAY
INSTAGRAM @OlgaKay Share this video with friends :D ↓↓↓JOIN THE MOOSH ARMY ↓↓↓ www.OlgaKay.com http Starring: Olga Kay www.imdb.com MOOSH ARMY GEAR SHIRTS - olgakay.spreadshirt.com Posters bit.ly MOOSHooS - www.tweakfootwear.com Shot and Edited by Matthew Hibbs matthewhibbs.com MY OTHER CHANNELS OlgaKay2 channel http Beauty channel www.youtube.com Iphone Channel- youtube.com Mushka's channel - youtube.com Gaming - www.youtube.com CONNECT with me www.OlgaKay.com http www.facebook.com imdb.com www.olgakay.tumblr.com http www.keek.com MY IPHONE APP bit.ly OlgaKay POBOX 17782 Van Nuys, CA 91416 See you guys next time!!! Hugs Olga aka MOOSH mommy
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 30845
- author: olgakay
photo: AP / Altaf Qadri
29 Dec 2012
Police in India have sealed off much of the capital, Delhi, and issued an appeal for calm after the death of a woman who was gang-raped in the city. The 23-year old woman, who has not been identified, died early on Saturday at a hospital in Singapore, where she had been taken for specialist treatment. Her body is to be flown back to India for burial ... Gatherings of more than five people have been banned in the city centre ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Itsuo Inouye
29 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. A millennium before the English statesmen Edmund Burke, regarded as the father of Western Conservatism and who wrote, "good order is the foundation of all things," Japan's Seventeen-Article Constitution began with this conservative principle. "Harmony is to be cherished, and opposition for opposition's sake must be avoided as a matter of principle." ... militarism, those protesting U.S....(size: 9.7Kb)
The Examiner
30 Dec 2012
Here are four recommendations for New Year’s Eve celebrations for costumers in the San Francisco Bay Area that range from historical and fantasy to a mix of different genres that our imaginative, creative and avant-garde residents are known for ... SF Concourse Exhibition Center in San Francisco from 8.00 p.m.-4.00 a.m ... Science Fiction/San Francisco....(size: 3.1Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
30 Dec 2012
One of the best launch points for a unique perspective of a familiar landscape is the 3,000-foot walk out to the end of Berkeley Pier in San Francisco Bay ... You get a view across to the new section of the Bay Bridge and Treasure Island, with an expanse of water to the Golden Gate Bridge ... From San Francisco, take Interstate 80 east over the Bay Bridge for 5.8 miles (get in the left lane) to the split....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Examiner
30 Dec 2012
Just as collapsing buildings and erupting volcanoes kicked into high gear in December, so too did the number of explosions and sinkholes, which are almost too numerous to track ... Colorado Springs, Colorado ... Photo credit. . Various cources ... (Dec 26) USA, San Diego, California ... ... Two giant sinkholes formed in separate San Francisco Bay area communities – one swallowed two lanes of a street in Lafayette, just east of San Francisco ... Read ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
30 Dec 2012
NEW YORK, Dec ... SEE ... * CAIR's San Francisco Bay Area office called for increased community vigilance after a man reportedly entered a mosque in Fremont, Calif., claimed he had a gun, and threatened to kill everyone inside the house of worship ... * CAIR's San Antonio chapter called on federal law enforcement authorities to consider bringing charges against a man arrested for vowing to "shoot as many people as possible" at a local mosque ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
The Inquisitr
29 Dec 2012
Posted. December 29, 2012. Father and son outings are usually a good bonding experience ... However, a wave in the San Francisco Bay put an end to one such outing, if indeed they were related ... Barnes said. ... Category. News. Tags . coast guard, coastline, fire department, Fishers, golden gate, golden gate recreational area, language barrier, marin headlands, pacific, relationship, San Francisco, san francisco bay, survivor, Wave. Posted ... Comments....(size: 6.6Kb)
Fox News
29 Dec 2012
Huffington Post
29 Dec 2012
Angel Island, a beautiful state park perched in the middle of the San Francisco Bay, is headed for a major, multi-million dollar overhaul ... When Spanish explorer Juan de Ayala first discovered the San Francisco Bay, the first place he docked his ship was in a spot right off of the cost of Angel Island, which was named Ayala Cove in his honor....(size: 5.0Kb)
The Examiner
29 Dec 2012
San Francisco – Spend New Year’s in the city of SF with “The SF Pub Crawl” hosted by SF New Years.net – check the website for additional details, pricing and other events throughout the city of San Francisco and Bay Area for a New Year’s gala bash bingo of event listings; most events begin at 5 p.m....(size: 35.0Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
29 Dec 2012
Light snow expected on some Bay Area mountains ... Cal Poly vs San Diego Women's Basketball ... New Morro Bay fire station dedication... SAN FRANCISCO — Forecasters say another weather system moving into Northern California will be bringing cold temperatures and snow to some of the mountains in the San Francisco Bay area ... $1,989,000 San Luis Obispo ... $2,400,000 San Luis Obispo ... $1,195,000 San Luis Obispo....(size: 13.0Kb)
Sacramento Bee
29 Dec 2012
SAN FRANCISCO -- Forecasters say another weather system moving into Northern California will be bringing cold temperatures and snow to some of the mountains in the San Francisco Bay area....(size: 0.9Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
29 Dec 2012
(12-29) 14.56 PST San Francisco -- It wasn't enough this Christmas for Lisa Ha of Pleasanton to buy a purple polka-dot towel set, a brain-shaped lollypop, hang-gliding lessons, a cotton-candy maker, tickets to a horse race, a Dr ... Like hundreds of people who, just four days after Christmas, browsed the merchandise-laden stalls of the one-weekend-a-month flea market in the middle of San Francisco Bay, Ha loves to shop....(size: 3.4Kb)
All Things Digital
29 Dec 2012
Samsung is in the process of building four — count ‘em, four — new offices in the San ......(size: 0.5Kb)
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) |
For the geographical region, see San Francisco Bay Area.
For the California wine region, see San Francisco Bay AVA.
For the city, see San Francisco.
|
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Coordinates | 37°42′30″N 122°16′49″W / 37.70833°N 122.28028°W / 37.70833; -122.28028Coordinates: 37°42′30″N 122°16′49″W / 37.70833°N 122.28028°W / 37.70833; -122.28028 |
| River sources | Sacramento River San Joaquin River |
| Ocean/sea sources | Pacific Ocean |
| Countries | United States |
| Max. length | 60 mi (97 km) |
| Max. width | 12 mi (19 km) |
| Surface area | 400 to 1,600 sq mi (1,000 to 4,100 km2) |
| Settlements | San Francisco Oakland San Jose |
San Francisco Bay is a shallow, productive estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers from the Sierra Nevada mountains, enters the Pacific Ocean. Specifically, both rivers flow into Suisun Bay, which flows through the Carquinez Strait to meet with the Napa River at the entrance to San Pablo Bay, which connects at its south end to San Francisco Bay. However, the entire group of interconnected bays is often referred to as “San Francisco Bay”.
San Francisco Bay is located in the U.S. state of California, surrounded by a contiguous region known as the San Francisco Bay Area (often simply "the Bay Area"), dominated by the large cities San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose. The waterway entrance to San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean is called the Golden Gate. Across the strait spans the Golden Gate Bridge.
Contents |
Size[link]
The Bay covers somewhere between 400 and 1,600 square miles (1,040 to 4,160 square kilometers), depending on which sub-bays (such as San Pablo Bay), estuaries, wetlands, and so on are included in the measurement.[1][2] The main part of the Bay measures 3 to 12 miles (5 to 20 km) wide east-to-west and somewhere between 48 miles (77 km)1 and 60 miles (97 km)2 north-to-south. It is the largest Pacific estuary in the Americas.
File:Airbayarea.JPG
Mouth of San Francisco Bay looking east from the Pacific.
The bay was navigable as far south as San Jose until the 1850s, when hydraulic mining released massive amounts of sediment from the rivers that settled in those parts of the bay that had little or no current. Later, wetlands and inlets were deliberately filled in, reducing the Bay's size since the mid-19th century by as much as one third. Recently, large areas of wetlands have been restored, further confusing the issue of the Bay's size. Despite its value as a waterway and harbor, many thousands of acres of marshy wetlands at the edges of the bay were, for many years, considered wasted space. As a result, soil excavated for building projects or dredged from channels was often dumped onto the wetlands and other parts of the bay as landfill.
From the mid-19th century through the late 20th century, more than a third of the original bay was filled and often built on. The deep, damp soil in these areas is subject to liquefaction during earthquakes, and most of the major damage close to the Bay in the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 occurred to structures on these areas.
The Marina District of San Francisco, hard hit by the 1989 earthquake, was built on fill that had been placed there for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915), although liquefaction did not occur on a large scale. In the 1990s, San Francisco International Airport proposed filling in hundreds more acres to extend its overcrowded international runways in exchange for purchasing other parts of the bay and converting them back to wetlands. The idea was, and remains, controversial. (For further details, see the "Bay Fill and Depth Profile" section.)
There are five large islands in San Francisco Bay. Alameda, the largest island, was created when a shipping lane was cut in 1901. It is now predominately a bedroom community. Angel Island was known as "Ellis Island West" because it served as the entry point for immigrants from East Asia. It is now a state park accessible by ferry. Mountainous Yerba Buena Island is pierced by a tunnel linking the east and west spans of the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge. Attached to the north is the artificial and flat Treasure Island, site of the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition. From the Second World War until the 1990s, both islands served as military bases and are now being redeveloped. Isolated in the center of the Bay is Alcatraz, the site of the famous federal penitentiary. The federal prison on Alcatraz Island no longer functions, but the complex is a popular tourist site. Despite its name, Mare Island in the northern part of the bay is a peninsula rather than an island.
Geology[link]
San Francisco Bay is thought to represent a down-warping of the Earth's crust between the San Andreas Fault to the west and the Hayward Fault to the east, though the precise nature of this remains under study. During the last ice age, the basin now filled by the bay was a large linear valley with small hills, similar to most of the valleys of the Coast Ranges. The rivers of the Central Valley ran out to sea through a canyon that is now the Golden Gate. As the great ice sheets melted, sea level rose 300 feet (91 m) over 4,000 years, and the valley filled with water from the Pacific, becoming a bay. The small hills became islands.
History[link]
Main article: San Francisco Bay Discovery Site
The first recorded European discovery of San Francisco Bay was on November 4, 1769 when Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolà, unable to find the port of Monterey, California, continued north close to what is now Pacifica and reached the summit of the 1,200-foot (370 m) high Sweeney Ridge, where he sighted San Francisco Bay. Portola and his party did not realize what they had discovered, thinking they had arrived at a large arm of what is now called Drakes Bay. At the time, Drakes Bay went by the name Bahia de San Francisco and thus both bodies of water became associated with the name. Eventually, the larger, more important body of water fully appropriated the name San Francisco Bay.
The first European to enter the bay is believed to have been the Spanish explorer Juan de Ayala, who passed through the Golden Gate on August 5, 1775 in his ship the San Carlos, and moored in a bay of Angel Island now known as Ayala Cove.
This famous bay was the center of American settlement in the Far West during the 19th century. From the 1820s onward, American presidents and expansionists coveted the bay as a great natural harbor in the Pacific. After many failed efforts to buy the bay and varying areas around it, the US Navy and Army seized the region from Mexico during the Mexican-American War (1845–1848). On February 2, 1848 California was annexed to the U.S. with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. A year and a half later, California requested to join the United States on December 3, 1849 and was accepted as the 31st State of the union on September 9, 1850. During the California gold rush of 1848-1850s, San Francisco Bay instantly became one of the world's greatest seaports, dominating shipping and transportation in the American West until the last years of the 19th century. The bay's regional importance became paramount when the First Transcontinental Railroad reached its western terminus in Alameda on September 6, 1869.[3] The terminus was switched to the Oakland Long Wharf two months later on November 8, 1869.[4]
San Francisco Bay continues to support some of the densest industrial production and urban settlement in the United States. The San Francisco Bay Area is the American West's second-largest urban area with approximately 8 million residents.
Ecology[link]
Main article: Ecology of the San Francisco Estuary
Despite its urban and industrial character, San Francisco Bay and the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta remain perhaps California's most important ecological habitats. California's Dungeness crab, California halibut, and Pacific salmon fisheries rely on the bay as a nursery. The few remaining salt marshes now represent most of California's remaining salt marsh, supporting a number of endangered species and providing key ecosystem services such as filtering pollutants and sediments from the rivers. San Francisco Bay is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy.[5]
File:Sfestuaryhistorical.gif
San Francisco Bay ca. 1770-1820
Most famously, the bay is a key link in the Pacific Flyway. Millions of waterfowl annually use the bay shallows as a refuge. Two endangered species of birds are found here: the California least tern and the California clapper rail. Exposed bay muds provide important feeding areas for shorebirds, but underlying layers of bay mud pose geological hazards for structures near many parts of the bay perimeter. San Francisco Bay provided the nation's first wildlife refuge, Oakland's artificial Lake Merritt, constructed in the 1860s, and America's first urban National Wildlife Refuge, the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge (SFBNWR) in 1972. The Bay is also plagued by non-native species.
Salt produced from San Francisco Bay is produced in salt evaporation ponds and is shipped throughout the Western United States to bakeries, canneries, fisheries, cheese makers and other food industries and used to de-ice winter highways, clean kidney dialysis machines, for animal nutrition, and in many industries.
Low-salinity salt ponds mirror the ecosystem of the bay, with fish and fish-eating birds in abundance. Mid-salinity ponds support dense populations of brine shrimp, which provide a rich food source for millions of shorebirds. Only salt-tolerant micro-algae survive in the high salinity ponds, and impart a deep red color to these ponds from the pigment within the algae protoplasm.
The seasonal range of water temperature in the Bay is from about 8 °C (46 °F) to about 23 °C (73 °F).
Humphrey the Whale entered San Francisco Bay twice on errant migrations, and was successfully rescued and redirected each time in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This occurred again with Dawn and Delta a mother and calf in 2007.
Industrial, mining, and other uses of mercury have resulted in a widespread distribution in the bay, with uptake in the bay's phytoplankton and contamination of its sportfish.[6]In January 1971, two Standard Oil tanker collided in the bay, creating an 800,000 gallon oil spill disaster, which spurred environmental protection of the bay. In November 2007, a ship named COSCO Busan collided with the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge and spilled over 58,000 gallons of bunker fuel, creating the largest oil spill in the region since 1996.[7]
At times, San Francisco Bay is covered in fog.
For the first time in 65 years, Pacific Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) returned to the Bay in 2009.[8] Golden Gate Cetacean Research, a non-profit organization focused on research on cetaceans, has developed a photo-identification database enabling the scientists to identify specific porpoise individuals and is trying to ascertain whether a healthier bay has brought their return.[9] Pacific harbor porpoise range from Point Conception, California to Alaska and across to the Kamchatka Peninsula and Japan. Recent genetic studies show that there is a local stock from San Francisco to the Russian River and that eastern Pacific coastal populations rarely migrate far, unlike western Atlantic Harbor porpoise.[10]
Bay fill and depth profile[link]
San Francisco Bay's profile changed dramatically in the late 19th century and again with the initiation of dredging by the US Army Corps of Engineers in the 20th century. Before about 1860, most bay shores (exception: rocky shores such as those in Carquinez Strait, along Marin shoreline, Point Richmond, Golden Gate area) contained extensive wetlands that graded nearly invisibly from freshwater wetlands to salt marsh and then tidal mudflat. A deep channel ran through the center of the bay, following the ancient drowned river valley.
In the 1860s and continuing into the early 20th century, miners dumped staggering quantities of mud and gravel from hydraulic mining operations into the upper Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. GK Gilbert's estimates of debris total more than eight times the amount of rock and dirt moved during construction of the Panama Canal. This material flowed down the rivers, progressively eroding into finer and finer sediment, until it reached the bay system. Here some of it settled, eventually filling in Suisun Bay, San Pablo Bay, and San Francisco Bay, in decreasing order of severity.
By the end of the 19th century, these "slickens" had filled in much of the shallow bay flats, raising the entire bay profile. New marshes were created in some areas.
In the last years of the nineteenth- and first decades of the twentieth-centuries, at the behest of local political officials and following Congressional orders, the US Army Corps began dredging the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers and the deep channels of San Francisco Bay. This work has continued without interruption ever since, an enormous federal subsidy of San Francisco Bay shipping. Some of the dredge spoils were initially dumped in the bay shallows (including helping to create Treasure Island on the former shoals to the north of Yerba Buena Island) and used to raise an island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The net effect of dredging has been to maintain a narrow deep channel—deeper perhaps than the original bay channel—through a much shallower bay. At the same time, most of the marsh areas have been filled or blocked off from the bay by dikes.
Large ships transiting the bay must follow deep underwater channels that are maintained by frequent dredging as the average depth of the Bay is only as deep as a swimming pool--approximately 12 to 15 ft (3.7 to 4.6 m). Between Hayward and San Mateo to San Jose it is 12 to 36 in (300 to 910 mm). The deepest part of the bay is under and out of the Golden Gate Bridge, at 372 ft (113 m). [11]
In the late 1990s, a 12-year harbor-deepening project for the Port of Oakland began; it was largely completed by September 2009. Previously, the bay waters and harbor facilities only allowed for ships with a draft of 46 ft (14 m), but dredging activities undertaken by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in partnership with the Port of Oakland succeeded in providing access for vessels with a 50-foot (15 m) draft. Four dredging companies were employed in the $432 million project, with $244 million paid for with federal funds and $188 million supplied by the Port of Oakland. Some 6,000,000 cubic yards (4,600,000 m3) of mud from the dredging was deposited at the western edge of Middle Harbor Shoreline Park to become a 188-acre (76 ha) shallow-water wetlands habitat for marine and shore life.[12][13] Further dredging followed in 2011, to maintain the navigation channel.[14][15] This dredging enabled the arrival of the largest container ship ever to enter the San Francisco Bay, the MSC Fabiola. Bay pilots trained for the visit on a simulator at the California Maritime Academy for over a year. The ship arrived drawing less than its full draft of 50 feet 10 inches (15.5 m) because it held only three-quarters of a load after its stop in Long Beach.[16]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area
San Francisco Bay was traversed by watercraft since before the coming of Europeans; the indigenous peoples used their canoes to fish and clam along the shoreline. The era of sail brought ships that communicated with the rest of the world and served as early ferries and freighters within the Bay and between the Bay and inland ports such as Sacramento and Stockton. These were gradually replaced by steam-powered vessels starting in the late 19th century. Several shipyards were early established around the Bay, augmented during wartime. (See e.g. Kaiser Shipyards)
San Francisco Bay is spanned by eight bridges, all of them dedicated to vehicle traffic: the Golden Gate Bridge on Highway 101 (which was the largest single span suspension bridge ever built at the time of its construction) which connects San Francisco and Marin counties and is the only bridge in the area not own by the State of California. The Richmond-San Rafael Bridge on Highway 580 which connects Marin and Contra Costa counties, the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge on Highway 80 which connects Alameda and San Francisco counties, the Hayward-San Mateo Bridge on Highway 92 which connects Alameda and San Mateo counties and the Dumbarton Bridge on Highway 84 which connects Alameda and San Mateo counties. The Carquinez Bridge on Highway 80, the Benicia Bridge on Highway 680 and the Antioch Bridge on Highway 160 all connect Contra Costa and Solano county. The bay is also spanned by the Transbay Tube, an underwater tunnel through which BART runs. Prior to the construction of these infrastructures, transbay transportation was dominated by fleets of ferryboats operated by the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Key System transit company. However, in recent decades, ferries have returned, primarily serving commuters from Marin County, relieving the traffic bottleneck of the Golden Gate Bridge. (See article Ferries of San Francisco Bay).
The Bay also continues to serve as a major international shipping port, served by a large container facility operated by the Port of Oakland, and two smaller facilities in Richmond and San Francisco.
Recreation[link]
San Francisco Bay is a mecca for sailors (boats, as well as windsurfing and kitesurfing), due to consistent strong westerly/northwesterly thermally-generated winds (Beaufort force 6 (15-25 knots) is common on summer afternoons) and protection from large open ocean swells. Yachting and yacht racing are popular pastimes and the San Francisco Bay Area is home to many of the world's top sailors. A shoreline bicycle and pedestrian trail known as the San Francisco Bay Trail encircles the edge of the bay. Parks and protected areas around the bay include Eden Landing Ecological Reserve, Hayward Regional Shoreline, Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Hayward Shoreline Interpretive Center, Crown Memorial State Beach, Eastshore State Park, Point Isabel Regional Shoreline, Brooks Island Regional Shoreline, and César Chávez Park.
The San Francisco Bay Area Water Trail is a planned system of designated trailheads designed to improve non-motorized small boat access to the bay. The California Coastal Conservancy approved funding in March 2011 to begin implementation of the water trail.
Kitesurfing and wind surfing are also popular in the bay.
Gallery[link]
-
"San Francisco Bay", painting by Albert Bierstadt, 1871-73
-
The City of Berkeley, the Bay and Marin County in the background as seen from the Claremont Canyon reserve
-
Mount Tamalpais view across San Pablo Bay at Point Pinole Regional Shoreline in Richmond
-
San Pablo Bay portion of San Francisco Bay at the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge
-
Alcatraz at dawn on San Francisco Bay
-
People also swim recreationally, at Kellar Beach in Richmond's Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline.
-
Oil Spill in the Bay
-
RMS Queen Mary 2 in San Francisco Bay
-
seen at night.
See also[link]
- Islands of San Francisco Bay
- Golden Gate
- Mount Tamalpais State Park
- Mount Diablo State Park
- Napa Sonoma Marsh
- Point Pinole Regional Shoreline, Richmond
- Eastshore State Park
- Hydrography of the San Francisco Bay Area
People
- J.C. Barthel, who prepared "plans for the docks and other water-front improvements in the San Francisco Bay district"
References[link]
- ^ Symphonies in Steel: San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate
- ^ San Francisco Bay Watershed Database and Mapping Project
- ^ Alta California, September 7, 1869
- ^ http://cprr.org/Museum/Southern_Pacific_Bulletin/From_Trail_to_Rail_17.html cprr.org
- ^ State Water Resources Control Board Water Quality Control Policy for the Enclosed Bays and Estuaries of California (1974) State of California
- ^ Conaway CH, Black FJ, Grieb TM, Roy S, Flegal AR (2008). "Mercury in the San Francisco Estuary". Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 194: 29–54. DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-74816-0_2. PMID 18069645.
- ^ Bailey, Eric (November 9, 2007). "Oil oozes in S.F. Bay after ship hits bridge - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bay9nov09,1,1303799.story?coll=la-headlines-california.
- ^ David Perlman (2010-11-08). "Porpoises return to SF Bay - scientists study why". San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-11-08/news/24820859_1_harbor-porpoises-biologists-boston-whaler. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ "Harbor Porpoise Project". Golden Gate Cetacean Research. http://www.ggcetacean.org/Harbor_Porpoise.html. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena): San Francisco-Russian River Stock (Report). National Marine Fisheries Service. 2009-10-15. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/sars/po2009poha-rr.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ Barnard, Patrick; Hanes, Rubin, Kvitek (18). "Giant Sand Waves at the Mouth of San Francisco Bay". Eos 87 (29). http://seafloor.csumb.edu/publications/Barnard_etal_EOSJuly2006.pdf.
- ^ "Port of Oakland, California, completes 50-foot-deepening project, allowing it to accommodate larger container ships". Industry Intelligence. September 21, 2009. http://www.industryintel.com/news/read/1857920424/Port-of-Oakland-California-completes-50-foot-deepening/uR/0. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ Oakland harbor navigation improvement (-50 foot) project: draft environmental impact statement/environmental impact report: executive summary. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District. 1998.
- ^ "USA: Port of Oakland Secures USD 18 Million in Federal Funding for Dredging Project". Dredging Today. June 1, 2011. http://www.dredgingtoday.com/2011/06/01/usa-port-of-oakland-secures-usd-18-million-in-federal-funding-for-dredging-project/. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
- ^ "USA: Congresswoman Helps Oakland Port Reach Major Funding Milestone for Deepening Project". Dredging Today. March 21, 2012. http://www.dredgingtoday.com/2011/10/19/usa-congresswoman-helps-oakland-port-reach-major-funding-milestone-for-deepening-project/. Retrieved March 22, 2012.
- ^ Matthews, Mark (March 22, 2012). "Huge container ship cruises into Port of Oakland". ABC7 (San Francisco: KGO-TV/DT). http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=8590497. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
Further reading[link]
- 1999 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia.
- 1988 Encyclopædia Britannica.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: San Francisco Bay |
- San Francisco Bay: Portrait of an Estuary, David Sanger and John Hart, University of California Press
- Barging In - A Short History of Liveaboards on the Bay
- The Islands of San Francisco Bay, James A. Martin | Michael T. Lee, Down Window Press
- Army Corps of Engineers Bay Model: Working scale model of the Bay
- SF Bay Kayak, Canoe, and Boat Launch Ramp guide. A collaboratively edited guide to the SF bay.
- BoatingSF.com: Photos of SF Bay and its boats, plus online cruising guide
- SF Estuary Institute: San Francisco Bay Historical View Maps
- Save San Francisco Bay: Protect and Restore San Francisco Bay
- sfbaywildlife.info Guide to San Francisco Bay wildlife
- Early History of the California Coast, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/San_Francisco_Bay
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Baia di San Francisco
http://cs.wn.com/Sanfranciský záliv
http://id.wn.com/Teluk San Francisco
http://es.wn.com/Bahía de San Francisco
http://ru.wn.com/Сан-Франциско (залив)
http://nl.wn.com/Baai van San Francisco
http://pt.wn.com/Baía de São Francisco
http://pl.wn.com/Zatoka San Francisco
http://fr.wn.com/Baie de San Francisco
http://de.wn.com/Bucht von San Francisco
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the city and county in California. For other uses, see San Francisco (disambiguation).
| San Francisco | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City and county — | |||
| City and County of San Francisco | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): The City by the Bay Fog City Frisco (deprecated)[1][2][3] The City that Knows How (antiquated)[4] Baghdad by the Bay (antiquated)[5] The Paris of the West[6] |
|||
| Motto: Oro en Paz, Fierro en Guerra (Spanish for "Gold in Peace, Iron in War") |
|||
.svg) |
|||
 San Francisco
|
|||
| Coordinates: 37°46′45.48″N 122°25′9.12″W / 37.7793°N 122.4192°W / 37.7793; -122.4192Coordinates: 37°46′45.48″N 122°25′9.12″W / 37.7793°N 122.4192°W / 37.7793; -122.4192 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | California | ||
| Founded | June 29, 1776 | ||
| Incorporated | April 15, 1850[7] | ||
| Founder | Lieutenant José Joaquin Moraga and Francisco Palóu | ||
| Named for | Francis of Assisi | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor-council government | ||
| • Mayor of San Francisco | Edwin M. Lee | ||
| • San Francisco Board of Supervisors | |||
| • California State Assembly | Fiona Ma (D) Tom Ammiano (D) |
||
| • California State Senate | Mark Leno (D) Leland Yee (D) |
||
| • United States House of Representatives | Nancy Pelosi (D) Jackie Speier (D) |
||
| Area[8] | |||
| • City and county | 231.89 sq mi (600.6 km2) | ||
| • Land | 46.87 sq mi (121.4 km2) | ||
| • Water | 185.02 sq mi (479.2 km2) 79.79% | ||
| • Metro | 3,524.4 sq mi (9,128 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 52 ft (16 m) | ||
| Highest elevation | 925 ft (282 m) | ||
| Lowest elevation | 0 ft (0 m) | ||
| Population (2010)[8][9] | CSA: 7,563,460 | ||
| • City and county | 805,235 | ||
| • Density | 17,179.2/sq mi (6,632.9/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 3,273,190 | ||
| • Metro | 4,335,391 | ||
| Demonym | San Franciscan | ||
| Time zone | Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7) | ||
| ZIP Code | 94101–94112, 94114–94147, 94150–94170, 94172, 94175, 94177 | ||
| Area code(s) | 415 | ||
| Website | www.sfgov.org | ||
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland.[10] The only consolidated city-county in California,[11] it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2)[12] on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City.[13] San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.[14]
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away.[15] The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000,[16] and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire,[17] San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater.[18] After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
Today, San Francisco is one of the top tourist destinations in the world,[19] ranking 35th out of the 100 most visited cities worldwide,[20] and is renowned for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, and its Chinatown. The city is also a principal banking and finance center, and the home to more than 30 international financial institutions,[21] helping to make San Francisco rank 18th in the world's top producing cities, 8th in the United States, and 12th place in the top twenty global financial centers.[22]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of San Francisco
The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC.[23] The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in several small villages when a Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay.[24] Seven years later, on March 28, 1776, the Spanish established the Presidio of San Francisco, followed by a mission, Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores).
Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the area became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended and its lands began to be privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead,[25] near a boat anchorage around what is today Portsmouth Square. Together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7, 1846, during the Mexican-American War, and Captain John B. Montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year,[26] and Mexico officially ceded the territory to the United States at the end of the war. Despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography.[27]
The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers. With their sourdough bread in tow,[28] prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia,[29] raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849.[16] The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor.[30] California was quickly granted statehood, and the U.S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate and a fort on Alcatraz Island to secure the San Francisco Bay. Silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in 1859, further drove rapid population growth.[31] With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, and gambling.[32]
Entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush. Early winners were the banking industry which saw the founding of Wells Fargo in 1852 and the Bank of California in 1864. Development of the Port of San Francisco and the establishment in 1869 of overland access to the Eastern U.S. rail system via the newly completed Pacific Railroad (the construction of which the city had only reluctantly helped support[33]) helped make the Bay Area a center for trade. Catering to the needs and tastes of the growing population, Levi Strauss opened a dry goods business and Domingo Ghirardelli began manufacturing chocolate. Immigrant laborers made the city a polyglot culture, with Chinese railroad workers creating the city's Chinatown quarter. In 1870, Asians made up 8% of the population.[34] The first cable cars carried San Franciscans up Clay Street in 1873. The city's sea of Victorian houses began to take shape, and civic leaders campaigned for a spacious public park, resulting in plans for Golden Gate Park. San Franciscans built schools, churches, theaters, and all the hallmarks of civic life. The Presidio developed into the most important American military installation on the Pacific coast.[35] By 1890, San Francisco's population approached 300,000, making it the eighth largest city in the U.S. at the time. At the turn of the century, San Francisco was a major city known for its flamboyant style, stately hotels, ostentatious mansions on Nob Hill, and a thriving arts scene.[36]
At 5:12 am on April 18, 1906, a major earthquake struck San Francisco and northern California. As buildings collapsed from the shaking, ruptured gas lines ignited fires that would spread across the city and burned out of control for several days. With water mains out of service, the Presidio Artillery Corps attempted to contain the inferno by dynamiting blocks of buildings to create firebreaks.[38] More than three-quarters of the city lay in ruins, including almost all of the downtown core.[17] Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands.[39] More than half the city's population of 400,000 were left homeless.[40] Refugees settled temporarily in makeshift tent villages in Golden Gate Park, the Presidio, on the beaches, and elsewhere. Many fled permanently to the East Bay.
Rebuilding was rapid and performed on a grand scale. Rejecting calls to completely remake the street grid, San Franciscans opted for speed.[41] Amadeo Giannini's Bank of Italy, later to become Bank of America, provided loans for many of those whose livelihoods had been devastated. The destroyed mansions of Nob Hill became grand hotels. City Hall rose again in splendorous Beaux Arts style, and the city celebrated its rebirth at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915.[42]
In ensuing years, the city solidified its standing as a financial capital; in the wake of the 1929 stock market crash, not a single San Francisco-based bank failed.[43] Indeed, it was at the height of the Great Depression that San Francisco undertook two great civil engineering projects, simultaneously constructing the San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge and the Golden Gate Bridge, completing them in 1936 and 1937 respectively. It was in this period that the island of Alcatraz, a former military stockade, began its service as a federal maximum security prison, housing notorious inmates such as Al Capone, and Robert Franklin Stroud, The Birdman of Alcatraz. San Francisco later celebrated its regained grandeur with a World's Fair, the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1939–40, creating Treasure Island in the middle of the bay to house it.
During World War II, the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard became a hub of activity, and Fort Mason became the primary port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater of Operations.[18] The explosion of jobs drew many people, especially African Americans from the South, to the area. After the end of the war, many military personnel returning from service abroad and civilians who had originally come to work decided to stay. The UN Charter creating the UN was drafted and signed in San Francisco in 1945 and, in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco officially ended the war with Japan.
_enters_San_Francisco_Bay,_December_1942.jpg)
Urban planning projects in the 1950s and 1960s involved widespread destruction and redevelopment of west-side neighborhoods and the construction of new freeways, of which only a series of short segments were built before being halted by citizen-led opposition.[44] Port activity moved to Oakland, the city began to lose industrial jobs, and San Francisco began to turn to tourism as the most important segment of its economy. The suburbs experienced rapid growth, and San Francisco underwent significant demographic change, as large segments of the white population left the city, supplanted by an increasing wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America.[45][46] From 1950 to 1980, the city lost over 10 percent of its population.
Over this period, San Francisco became a magnet for America's counterculture. Beat Generation writers fueled the San Francisco Renaissance and centered on the North Beach neighborhood in the 1950s.[47] Hippies flocked to Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s, reaching a peak with the 1967 Summer of Love.[48] In the 1970s, the city became a center of the gay rights movement, with the emergence of The Castro as an urban gay village, the election of Harvey Milk to the Board of Supervisors, and his assassination, along with that of Mayor George Moscone, in 1978.[49]
Bank of America completed 555 California Street in 1969 and the Transamerica Pyramid was completed in 1972,[50] igniting a wave of Manhattanization that lasted until the late 1980s, a period which saw extensive high-rise development downtown.[51] The 1980s also saw a dramatic increase in the number of homeless people in the city, an issue that remains today, despite many attempts to address it.[52] The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused destruction and loss of life throughout the Bay Area. In San Francisco, the quake severely damaged structures in the Marina and South of Market districts and precipitated the demolition of the damaged Embarcadero Freeway and much of the damaged Central Freeway, allowing the city to reclaim its historic downtown waterfront and revitalizing the Hayes Valley neighborhood.
During the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, startup companies invigorated the economy. Large numbers of entrepreneurs and computer application developers moved into the city, followed by marketing, design, and sales professionals, changing the social landscape as once-poorer neighborhoods became increasingly gentrified.[53] By 2000, the city's population reached new highs, surpassing the previous record set in 1950. When the bubble burst in 2001, many of these companies folded and their employees left. However, many new startups soon took their place during the Web 2.0 boom, and high technology and entrepreneurship continue to be mainstays of the San Francisco economy.[54]
Geography[link]
San Francisco is located on the West Coast of the United States at the tip of the San Francisco Peninsula and includes significant stretches of the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay within its boundaries. Several islands—Alcatraz, Treasure Island and the adjacent Yerba Buena Island, and a small portion of Alameda Island, Red Rock Island, and Angel Island are part of the city. Also included are the uninhabited Farallon Islands, 27 miles (43 km) offshore in the Pacific Ocean. The mainland within the city limits roughly forms a "seven-by-seven-mile square," a common local colloquialism referring to the city's shape, though its total area, including water, is nearly 232 square miles (600 km2).
San Francisco is famous for its hills. There are more than 50 hills within city limits.[55] Some neighborhoods are named after the hill on which they are situated, including Nob Hill, Pacific Heights, and Russian Hill. Near the geographic center of the city, southwest of the downtown area, are a series of less densely populated hills. Twin Peaks, a pair of hills resting at one of the city's highest points, forms a popular overlook spot. San Francisco's tallest hill, Mount Davidson, is 925 feet (282 m) high and is capped with a 103-foot (31 m) tall cross built in 1934.[56] Dominating this area is Sutro Tower, a large red and white radio and television transmission tower.
The nearby San Andreas and Hayward Faults are responsible for much earthquake activity, although neither physically passes through the city itself. The San Andreas Fault caused the earthquakes in 1906 and 1989. Minor earthquakes occur on a regular basis. The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development. The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction.[57] However, there are still thousands of smaller buildings that remain vulnerable to quake damage.[58]
San Francisco's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. Entire neighborhoods such as the Marina and Hunters Point, as well as large sections of the Embarcadero, sit on areas of landfill. Treasure Island was constructed from material dredged from the bay as well as material resulting from tunneling through Yerba Buena Island during the construction of the Bay Bridge. Such land tends to be unstable during earthquakes; the resultant liquefaction causes extensive damage to property built upon it, as was evidenced in the Marina district during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake.[59]
Climate[link]
| San Francisco | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A popular quote incorrectly attributed to Mark Twain is "The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco."[60][61] San Francisco's climate is characteristic of the cool-summer Mediterranean climate[62] of California’s coast, "generally characterized by moist mild winters and dry summers."[63] Since it is surrounded on three sides by water, San Francisco's weather is strongly influenced by the cool currents of the Pacific Ocean, which moderates temperature swings and produces a remarkably mild year-round climate with little seasonal temperature variation.
Among major U.S. cities, San Francisco has the coldest daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures for June, July and August.[64] During the summer, rising hot air in California's interior valleys creates a low pressure area that draws winds from the North Pacific High through the Golden Gate, which creates the city's characteristic cool winds and fog.[65] The fog is less pronounced in eastern neighborhoods and during the late summer and early fall, which is the warmest time of the year.
Because of its sharp topography and maritime influences, San Francisco exhibits a multitude of distinct microclimates. The high hills in the geographic center of the city are responsible for a 20% variance in annual rainfall between different parts of the city. They also protect neighborhoods directly to their east from the foggy and sometimes very cold and windy conditions experienced in the Sunset District; for those who live on the eastern side of the city, San Francisco is sunnier, with an average of 260 clear days, and only 105 cloudy days per year.
Temperatures exceed 75 °F (24 °C) on average only 28 days a year.[66] The dry period of May to October is mild to warm, with average high temperatures of 64–71 °F (18–22 °C) and lows of 51–56 °F (11–13 °C). The rainy period of November to April is slightly cooler, with high temperatures of 58–64 °F (14–18 °C) and lows of 46–51 °F (8–11 °C). On average, there are 67 rainy days a year, and annual precipitation averages 20.4 inches (518.16 mm).[66] Snow is extraordinarily rare, with only 10 instances recorded since 1852, most recently in 1976.[67]
The highest recorded temperature at the official National Weather Service office was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 17, 1988, and June 14, 2000. The lowest recorded temperature was 27 °F (−3 °C) on December 11, 1932.[68] The U.S. National Weather Service provides a helpful visual aid[69] graphing the information in the table below to display visually by month the annual typical temperatures, the past year's temperatures, and record temperatures.
| Climate data for San Francisco (downtown), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 79 (26) |
81 (27) |
86 (30) |
94 (34) |
101 (38) |
103 (39) |
103 (39) |
98 (37) |
101 (38) |
102 (39) |
86 (30) |
76 (24) |
103 (39) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 57.9 (14.4) |
61.2 (16.2) |
62.9 (17.2) |
64.3 (17.9) |
65.6 (18.7) |
67.9 (19.9) |
68.2 (20.1) |
69.4 (20.8) |
71.3 (21.8) |
70.4 (21.3) |
64.2 (17.9) |
58.3 (14.6) |
65.13 (18.41) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 46.2 (7.9) |
48.1 (8.9) |
49.1 (9.5) |
49.9 (9.9) |
51.6 (10.9) |
53.3 (11.8) |
54.6 (12.6) |
55.6 (13.1) |
55.7 (13.2) |
54.3 (12.4) |
50.7 (10.4) |
46.7 (8.2) |
51.32 (10.73) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 29 (−2) |
31 (−1) |
33 (1) |
40 (4) |
42 (6) |
46 (8) |
47 (8) |
46 (8) |
47 (8) |
43 (6) |
38 (3) |
27 (−3) |
27 (−3) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 4.50 (114.3) |
4.45 (113) |
3.25 (82.6) |
1.46 (37.1) |
.70 (18) |
.16 (4.1) |
0 (0) |
.06 (1.5) |
.21 (5.3) |
1.12 (28.4) |
3.16 (80.3) |
4.56 (115.8) |
23.63 (600.2) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.7 | 11.1 | 11.0 | 6.5 | 3.8 | 1.5 | .3 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 73 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 185.9 | 207.7 | 269.1 | 309.3 | 325.1 | 311.4 | 313.3 | 287.4 | 271.4 | 247.1 | 173.4 | 160.6 | 3,061.7 |
| Source: NOAA [70][71] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Neighborhoods[link]
Main article: Neighborhoods in San Francisco
The historic center of San Francisco is the northeast quadrant of the city bordered by Market Street to the south. It is here that the Financial District is centered, with Union Square, the principal shopping and hotel district, nearby. Cable cars carry riders up steep inclines to the summit of Nob Hill, once the home of the city's business tycoons, and down to the waterfront tourist attractions of Fisherman's Wharf, and Pier 39 that feature Dungeness crab from a still-active fishing industry in many of the restaurants there. Also in this quadrant are Russian Hill, a residential neighborhood with the famously crooked Lombard Street, North Beach, the city's Little Italy and the former epicenter of the Beat Generation, and Telegraph Hill, which features Coit Tower. Between Russian Hill and North Beach is San Francisco's Chinatown, the oldest Chinatown in North America.[72][73][74][75]
In the south-east quadrant of the city is the Mission District which was populated in the 19th century by Californios and working-class immigrants from Germany, Ireland, Italy and Scandinavia. In the 1910s, a wave of Central American immigrants settled in the Mission and, in the 1950s, immigrants from Mexico began to predominate.[76] In recent years, gentrification has changed the demographics of parts of the Mission from Latino, to twenty-something professionals living the hipster lifestyle. Noe Valley to the southwest and Bernal Heights to the south are both increasingly popular among young families with children. West of the Mission, the area historically known as Eureka Valley, now popularly called the Castro, was once a working-class Scandinavian and Irish area. It has become North America's first and best known gay village, and is now the center of gay life in the city.[77]
The city's Japantown district, once the largest Japantown in North America, suffered when its Japanese American residents were forcibly removed and interned during World War II. The nearby Western Addition became established with a large African American population at the same time. Haight-Ashbury, famously associated with 1960s hippie culture, later became home to expensive boutiques[78] and a few controversial chain stores,[79] although it still retains some bohemian character. Nearby, are the "Painted Ladies", a row of well-restored Victorian homes, stand alongside Alamo Square. To the north of the Haight Ashbury, is Pacific Heights, a wealthy neighborhood that features the mansions built by the San Francisco business elite in the wake of the 1906 earthquake. Directly north of Pacific Heights facing the waterfront, is the Marina, a neighborhood popular with young professionals that was largely built on reclaimed land from the Bay.[80] The far western quadrant of the city is the Richmond, is a vast, mostly middle class neighborhood north of Golden Gate Park that extends to the Pacific Ocean, is home to immigrants from other parts of Asia as well as many Russian and Ukrainian immigrants. South of Golden Gate Park lies the Sunset, also a large middle class area with a predominantly Asian population.[81] Together, these areas are known as The Avenues. These two districts are each sometimes further divided into two regions: the Outer Richmond and Outer Sunset can refer to the more Western portions of their respective district and the Inner Richmond and Inner Sunset can refer to the more Eastern portions. The predominately African American, Bayview-Hunters Point in the southeast section of the city is one of the poorest neighborhoods and suffers from a high rate of crime, though the area has been the focus of controversial plans for urban renewal.
The South of Market, which was once San Francisco's industrial core, has seen significant redevelopment. Due to gentrification stemming from the dot-com boom during the late 1990s, and again during the Web 2.0 boom of the late 2000s, South of Market began to see skyscrapers, Live-Work lofts, and condominiums dot the area (see Manhattanization). Following the success of nearby South Beach, another neighborhood, Mission Bay, underwent redevelopment, anchored by a second campus of the University of California, San Francisco. Just southwest of Mission Bay is the Potrero Hill neighborhood, a mostly residential neighborhood that features sweeping views of downtown San Francisco.
Beaches and parks[link]
See also: List of parks in San Francisco
Several of San Francisco's parks and nearly all of its beaches form part of the regional Golden Gate National Recreation Area, one of the most visited units of the National Park system in the United States with over 13 million visitors a year. Among the GGNRA's attractions within the city are Ocean Beach, which runs along the Pacific Ocean shoreline and is frequented by a vibrant surfing community, and Baker Beach, which is located in a cove west of the Golden Gate and part of the Presidio, a former military base. Also within the Presidio is Crissy Field, a former airfield that was restored to its natural salt marsh ecosystem. The GGNRA also administers Fort Funston, Lands End, Fort Mason, and Alcatraz. The National Park Service separately administers the San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park – a fleet of historic ships and waterfront property around Aquatic Park.
There are more than 200 parks maintained by the San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department.[82] The largest and best-known city park is Golden Gate Park,[83] which stretches from the center of the city west to the Pacific Ocean. Once covered in native grasses and sand dunes, the park was conceived in the 1860s and was created by the extensive planting of thousands of non-native trees and plants. The large park is rich with cultural and natural attractions such as the Conservatory of Flowers, Japanese Tea Garden and San Francisco Botanical Garden. Lake Merced is a fresh-water lake surrounded by parkland and near the San Francisco Zoo, a city-owned park that houses more than 250 animal species, many of which are designated as endangered.[84] The only park managed by the California State Park system located principally in San Francisco, Candlestick Point was the state's first urban recreation area.[85]
Culture and contemporary life[link]
Main article: Culture of San Francisco
See also: San Francisco in popular culture
Although the Financial District, Union Square, and Fisherman's Wharf are well-known around the world, San Francisco is also characterized by its numerous culturally rich streetscapes featuring mixed-use neighborhoods anchored around central commercial corridors to which residents and visitors alike can walk. Because of these characteristics, San Francisco was rated "most walkable" city by the website Walkscore.com.[86][87] Many neighborhoods feature a mix of businesses, restaurants and venues that cater to both the daily needs of local residents while also serving many visitors and tourists. Some neighborhoods are dotted with boutiques, cafes and nightlife such as Union Street in Cow Hollow, 24th Street in Noe Valley, Valencia Street in the Mission, and Irving Street in the Inner Sunset. This approach especially has influenced the continuing South of Market neighborhood redevelopment with businesses and neighborhood services rising alongside high-rise residences.[88]
Since the 1990s, the demand for skilled information technology workers from local startups and nearby Silicon Valley has attracted white-collar workers from all over the world and created a high standard of living in San Francisco.[89] Many neighborhoods that were once blue-collar, middle, and lower class have been gentrifying, as many of the city's traditional business and industrial districts have experienced a renaissance driven by the redevelopment of the Embarcadero, including the neighborhoods South Beach and Mission Bay. The city's property values and household income have risen to among the highest in the nation,[90][91][92] creating a large and upscale restaurant, retail, and entertainment scene. According to a 2008 quality of life survey of global cities, San Francisco has the second highest quality of living of any U.S. city.[93] However, due to the exceptionally high cost of living, many of the city's middle and lower class families have been leaving the city for the outer suburbs of the Bay Area, or for California's Central Valley.[94]
The international character that San Francisco has enjoyed since its founding is continued today by large numbers of immigrants from Asia and Latin America. With 39% of its residents born overseas,[95] San Francisco has numerous neighborhoods filled with businesses and civic institutions catering to new arrivals. In particular, the arrival of many ethnic Chinese, which accelerated beginning in the 1970s, has complemented the long-established community historically based in Chinatown throughout the city and has transformed the annual Chinese New Year Parade into the largest event of its kind outside China.[96]
With the arrival of the "beat" writers and artists of the 1950s and societal changes culminating in the Summer of Love in the Haight-Ashbury district during the 1960s, San Francisco became an epicenter of liberal activism, with Democrats and Greens dominating city politics. San Francisco has not voted more than 20% for a Republican presidential or senatorial candidate since 1988.[97] In 2007, the city expanded its Medicaid and other indigent medical programs into the "Healthy San Francisco" program,[98] which subsidizes certain medical services for eligible residents.[99][100][101]
San Francisco has long had an LGBT-friendly history. It was home to the first lesbian-rights organization in the United States, Daughters of Bilitis; the first openly gay person to run for public office in the U.S., José Sarria; the first openly gay man to be elected to public office in the U.S., Harvey Milk; the first openly lesbian judge appointed in the U.S., Mary C. Morgan; and the first transgender police commissioner, Theresa Sparks. The city's large gay population has created and sustained a politically and culturally active community over many decades, developing a powerful presence in San Francisco's civic life. One of the most popular destinations for gay tourists internationally, the city hosts San Francisco Pride, one of the largest and oldest pride parades.
Public nudity is legal so long as the individual is not sexually aroused and places a towel on their seat.[102]
Entertainment and performing arts[link]
San Francisco's War Memorial and Performing Arts Center hosts some of the most enduring performing-arts companies in the U.S. The War Memorial Opera House houses the San Francisco Opera, the second-largest opera company in North America[103] as well as the San Francisco Ballet, while the San Francisco Symphony plays in Davies Symphony Hall. The Herbst Theatre stages an eclectic mix of music performances, as well as public radio's City Arts & Lectures.
The Fillmore is a music venue located in the Western Addition. It is the second incarnation of the historic venue that gained fame in the 1960s under concert promoter Bill Graham, housing the stage where now-famous musicians such as the Grateful Dead, Janis Joplin, Led Zeppelin and Jefferson Airplane first performed, fostering the San Francisco Sound. Beach Blanket Babylon is a zany musical revue and a civic institution that has performed to sold-out crowds in North Beach since 1974.
The American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.) has been a force in Bay Area performing arts since its arrival in San Francisco in 1967, regularly staging productions. San Francisco frequently hosts national touring productions of Broadway theatre shows in a number of vintage 1920s-era venues in the Theater District including the Curran, Orpheum, and Golden Gate Theatres.
Museums[link]
Main article: List of museums in San Francisco
The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) houses 20th century and contemporary works of art. It moved to its current building in the South of Market neighborhood in 1995 and now attracts more than 600,000 visitors annually.[104] The Palace of the Legion of Honor holds primarily European antiquities and works of art at its Lincoln Park building modeled after its Parisian namesake. It is administered by Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, which also operates the de Young Museum in Golden Gate Park. The de Young's collection features American decorative pieces and anthropological holdings from Africa, Oceania and the Americas. Prior to construction of its current copper-clad structure, completed in 2005, the de Young also housed the Asian Art Museum, which, with artifacts from over 6,000 years of history across Asia, moved into the former public library next to Civic Center in 2003.
Opposite the Music Concourse from the de Young stands the California Academy of Sciences, a natural history museum that also hosts the Morrison Planetarium and Steinhart Aquarium. Its current structure, featuring a living roof, is an example of sustainable architecture and opened in 2008. The Palace of Fine Arts, built originally for the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition, has since 1969 housed the Exploratorium, an interactive science museum.
Media[link]
Main article: Media in San Francisco
The major daily newspaper in San Francisco is the San Francisco Chronicle, which is currently Northern California's most widely circulated newspaper.[105] The Chronicle is most famous for a former columnist, the late Herb Caen, whose daily musings attracted critical acclaim and represented the "voice of San Francisco". The San Francisco Examiner, once the cornerstone of William Randolph Hearst's media empire and the home of Ambrose Bierce, declined in circulation over the years and now takes the form of a free daily tabloid.[106][107] Sing Tao Daily claims to be the largest of several Chinese language dailies that serve the Bay Area.[108] Alternative weekly newspapers include the San Francisco Bay Guardian and SF Weekly. San Francisco Magazine and 7x7 are major glossy magazines about San Francisco. The national newsmagazine Mother Jones is also based in San Francisco.
The San Francisco Bay Area is the sixth-largest TV market[109] and the fourth-largest radio market[110] in the U.S. The city's oldest radio station, KCBS (AM), began as an experimental station in San Jose in 1909. KALW was the city's first FM radio station when it signed on the air in 1941. All major U.S. television networks have affiliates serving the region, with most of them based in the city. There also are several unaffiliated stations, and BBC, CNN and ESPN have regional news bureaus in San Francisco. The city's first television station was KPIX, which began broadcasting in 1948.
Public broadcasting outlets include both a television station and a radio station, both broadcasting under the call letters KQED from a facility near the Potrero Hill neighborhood. KQED-FM is the most-listened-to National Public Radio affiliate in the country.[111] San Francisco–based CNET and Salon.com pioneered the use of the Internet as a media outlet.
Sports and recreation[link]
Main article: Sports in San Francisco
The San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) are the longest-tenured major professional sports franchise in the city. The team began play in 1946 as an All-America Football Conference (AAFC) league charter member, moved to the NFL in 1950 and into Candlestick Park in 1971. In 2006, the team's owners announced plans to move the team to nearby Santa Clara, California by 2015, although the team will still be named the "San Francisco 49ers".[112][113] The 49ers have won five Super Bowl titles in the 1980s and 1990s behind coaches Bill Walsh and George Seifert, and stars such as Joe Montana, Steve Young, Ronnie Lott, and Jerry Rice.
Major League Baseball's San Francisco Giants left New York for California prior to the 1958 season. Though boasting such stars as Willie Mays, Willie McCovey and Barry Bonds, the club went 52 years until its first World Series title in 2010. The Giants play at AT&T Park, which opened in 2000, a cornerstone project of the South Beach and Mission Bay redevelopment.[114]
At the collegiate level, the Dons of the University of San Francisco compete in NCAA Division I, where Bill Russell guided the program to basketball championships in 1955 and 1956. The San Francisco State Gators and the Academy of Art University Urban Knights compete in Division II. AT&T Park has since 2002 hosted an annual post-season college football bowl game, currently named the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl. In 2011, San Francisco hosted the California Golden Bears football team at Candlestick Park and AT&T Park while their home stadium was being renovated in Berkeley.
The Bay to Breakers footrace, held annually since 1912, is best known for colorful costumes and a celebratory community spirit.[115] The San Francisco Marathon attracts more than 21,000 participants.[116] The Escape from Alcatraz triathlon has, since 1980, attracted 2,000 top professional and amateur triathletes for its annual race.[117] The Olympic Club, founded in 1860, is the oldest athletic club in the United States. Its private golf course, situated on the border with Daly City, has hosted the U.S. Open on four occasions, and will host it a fifth time in 2012. The public Harding Park Golf Course is an occasional stop on the PGA Tour. San Francisco will host the 2013 America's Cup yacht racing competition.[118]
With an ideal climate for outdoor activities, San Francisco has ample resources and opportunities for amateur and participatory sports and recreation. There are more than 200 miles (320 km) of bicycle paths, lanes and bike routes in the city,[119] and the Embarcadero and Marina Green are favored sites for skateboarding. Extensive public tennis facilities are available in Golden Gate Park and Dolores Park, as well as at smaller neighborhood courts throughout the city. Boating, sailing, windsurfing and kitesurfing are among the popular activities on San Francisco Bay, and the city maintains a yacht harbor in the Marina District. San Francisco residents have often ranked among the fittest in the U.S.[120]
Cycling is growing in San Francisco. Annual bicycle counts conducted by the Municipal Transportation Agency (MTA) in 2010 showed the number of cyclists at 33 locations had increased 58% from the 2006 baseline counts.[121] The MTA estimates that about 128,000 trips are made by bicycle each day in the city, or 6% of total trips.[122] Improvements in cycling infrastructure in recent years, including additional bike lanes and parking racks, has made cycling in San Francisco safer and more convenient. Since 2006, San Francisco has received a Bicycle Friendly Community status of "Gold" from the League of American Bicyclists.
Economy[link]
See also: List of companies based in San Francisco
Tourism, the city's largest private-sector employer,[124] is the backbone of the San Francisco economy. Its frequent portrayal in music, film, and popular culture has made the city and its landmarks recognizable worldwide. It is the city where Tony Bennett "left his heart," where the Birdman of Alcatraz spent many of his final years, and where Rice-a-Roni[125] was said to be the favorite treat. San Francisco attracts the fifth-highest number of foreign tourists of any city in the U.S.[dated info][19] and claims Pier 39 near Fisherman's Wharf as the third-most popular tourist attraction in the nation.[126] More than 16 million visitors arrived in San Francisco in 2011, injecting $8.5 billion into the economy.[127] With a large hotel infrastructure and a world-class convention facility in the Moscone Center, San Francisco is also among the top-ten North American destinations for conventions and conferences.[128] In a Euromonitor International ranking of top city destinations, San Francisco was ranked the 33rd most visited city in the world out of 100 of the world's most visited cities.[20]
The legacy of the California Gold Rush turned San Francisco into the principal banking and finance center of the West Coast in the early twentieth century. Montgomery Street in the Financial District became known as the "Wall Street of the West," home to the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, the Wells Fargo corporate headquarters, and the site of the now-defunct Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. Bank of America, a pioneer in making banking services accessible to the middle class, was founded in San Francisco and in the 1960s, built the landmark modern skyscraper at 555 California Street for its corporate headquarters. Many large financial institutions, multinational banks and venture capital firms are based in or have regional headquarters in the city. With over 30 international financial institutions,[21] seven Fortune 500 companies,[129] and a large support infrastructure of professional services—including law, public relations, architecture and design—also with significant presence in the city, San Francisco is designated as one of the ten Beta World Cities.[130] The city ranks eighteenth in the world's list of cities by GDP, ninth in the United States, and is fifteenth place in the top twenty Global Financial Centres Index.[131][132]
Since the 1990s, San Francisco's economy has increasingly become tied to San Jose and Silicon Valley, its Bay Area neighbors to the south, sharing the need for highly educated workers with specialized skills.[133] San Francisco became an epicenter of the Dot-Com bubble of the 1990s, and the subsequent Web 2.0 boom of the late 2000s. Many popular and prominent Internet companies and "start-ups" such as Craigslist, Twitter, Zynga, Salesforce.com, and the Wikimedia Foundation among others have established their head offices in San Francisco.
San Francisco has been positioning itself as a biotechnology and biomedical hub and research center. The Mission Bay neighborhood, site of a second campus of UCSF, fosters a budding industry and serves as headquarters of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, the public agency funding stem cell research programs statewide. As of 2009, there were 1,800 full-time biochemists and biophysicists employed in San Francisco, with an annual mean wage of $92,620.[134]
Small businesses with fewer than 10 employees and self-employed firms make up 85% of city establishments as lately, it has been particularly popular with entrepreneurs establishing "start-up" companies.[135] The number of San Franciscans employed by firms of more than 1,000 employees has fallen by half since 1977.[95] The successful penetration of national big box and formula retail chains into the city has been made intentionally difficult by political and civic consensus. In an effort to buoy small privately owned businesses in San Francisco and preserve the unique retail personality of the city, the Small Business Commission supports a publicity campaign to keep a larger share of retail dollars in the local economy,[136] and the Board of Supervisors has used the planning code to limit the neighborhoods in which formula retail establishments can set up shop,[137] an effort affirmed by San Francisco voters.[138]
The top employer in the city is the city government itself, employing 6.25% of the city's population, followed by University of California, San Francisco. Third, at 2.04%, is Wells Fargo, the largest private-sector employer.[139]
Law and government[link]
Main articles: Government of San Francisco and Politics of San Francisco
San Francisco—officially known as the City and County of San Francisco—is a consolidated city-county, a status it has held since 1856.[140] It is the only such consolidation in California.[11] The mayor is also the county executive, and the county Board of Supervisors acts as the city council. Under the city charter, the government of San Francisco is constituted of two co-equal branches. The executive branch is headed by the mayor and includes other citywide elected and appointed officials as well as the civil service. The 11-member Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch, is headed by a president and is responsible for passing laws and budgets, though San Franciscans also make use of direct ballot initiatives to pass legislation.
The members of the Board of Supervisors are elected as representatives of specific districts within the city.[141] Upon the death or resignation of mayor, the President of the Board of Supervisors becomes acting mayor until the full Board elects an interim replacement for the remainder of the term. In 1978, Dianne Feinstein assumed the office following the assassination of George Moscone and was later selected by the Board to finish the term. In 2011, Edwin M. Lee was selected by the Board to finish the term of Gavin Newsom, who resigned to take office as Lieutenant Governor of California.[142]
Because of its unique city-county status, local government exercises jurisdiction over property that would otherwise be located outside of its corporation limit. San Francisco International Airport, though located in San Mateo County, is owned and operated by the City and County of San Francisco. San Francisco also has a county jail complex located in San Mateo County, in an unincorporated area adjacent to San Bruno. San Francisco was also granted a perpetual leasehold over the Hetch Hetchy Valley and watershed in Yosemite National Park by the Raker Act in 1913.[11]
San Francisco serves as the regional hub for many arms of the federal bureaucracy, including the U.S. Court of Appeals, the Federal Reserve Bank, and the U.S. Mint. Until decommissioning in the early 1990s, the city had major military installations at the Presidio, Treasure Island, and Hunters Point—a legacy still reflected in the annual celebration of Fleet Week. The State of California uses San Francisco as the home of the state supreme court and other state agencies. Foreign governments maintain more than seventy consulates in San Francisco.[143]
The municipal budget for fiscal year 2011–12 was $6.83 billion.[144] The city employs around 27,000 workers.[145]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1848 | 1,000 | — |
| 1849 | 25,000 | +2400.0% |
| 1852 | 34,776 | +39.1% |
| 1860 | 56,802 | +63.3% |
| 1870 | 149,473 | +163.1% |
| 1880 | 233,959 | +56.5% |
| 1890 | 298,997 | +27.8% |
| 1900 | 342,782 | +14.6% |
| 1910 | 416,912 | +21.6% |
| 1920 | 506,676 | +21.5% |
| 1930 | 634,394 | +25.2% |
| 1940 | 634,536 | +0.0% |
| 1950 | 775,357 | +22.2% |
| 1960 | 740,316 | −4.5% |
| 1970 | 715,674 | −3.3% |
| 1980 | 678,974 | −5.1% |
| 1990 | 723,959 | +6.6% |
| 2000 | 776,733 | +7.3% |
| 2010 | 805,235 | +3.7% |
| Sources:[14][16][146] See also: Population Graph |
||
The 2010 United States Census[147] reported that San Francisco had a population of 805,235. The population density was 17,160 per square mile (6,632/km2). The racial makeup and population of San Francisco included: 390,387 Whites (48.5%), 267,915 Asians (33.3%), 121,744 Hispanics or Latinos (15.1%), 48,870 African Americans (6.1%), 4,024 Native Americans (0.5%), 3,359 Pacific Islanders (0.4%), 53,021 from other races (6.6%), and 37,659 from two or more races (4.7%). The Census reported that 780,971 people (97.0% of the population) lived in households, 18,902 (2.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 5,362 (0.7%) were institutionalized. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates San Francisco's population increased to 812,826 as of July 2011.[148]
There were 345,811 households, out of which 63,577 (18.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 109,437 (31.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 28,844 (8.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 12,748 (3.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 21,677 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 10,384 (3.0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 133,366 households (38.6%) were made up of individuals and 34,234 (9.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26. There were 151,029 families (43.7% of all households); the average family size was 3.11.
The population was spread out with 107,524 people (13.4%) under the age of 18, 77,664 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 301,802 people (37.5%) aged 25 to 44, 208,403 people (25.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 109,842 people (13.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38.5 years. For every 100 females there were 102.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.8 males.
There were 376,942 housing units at an average density of 1,625.5 per square mile (627.6/km2), of which 123,646 (35.8%) were owner-occupied, and 222,165 (64.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.4%. 327,985 people (40.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 452,986 people (56.3%) lived in rental housing units.
The California Department of Finance estimated the population at 856,095, as of January 1, 2010.[149] With over 17,000 people per square mile, San Francisco is the second-most densely populated major American city (among cities greater than 200,000 population).[13] San Francisco is the traditional focal point of the San Francisco Bay Area and forms part of the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont Metropolitan Statistical Area and the greater San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area (CSA) whose population is over seven million, making it the fifth largest in the United States as of the 2000 Census.[150]
San Francisco has a minority-majority population, as non-Hispanic whites comprise less than half of the population, 41.9%, down from 92.5% in 1940.[34] According to the 2010 Census, Asians of any nationality make up 33.3% of the population with those of Chinese ethnicity constituting the largest single ethnic group in San Francisco at 21.4% of the population; the other Asian groups are Filipinos (4.5%), Vietnamese (1.6%), Japanese (1.3%), Asian Indians (1.2%), Koreans (1.2%), Thais (0.3%), Burmese (0.2%), Cambodians (0.2%), and both Indonesians and Laotians make up less than 0.1% of the city's population.[8] While spread out through the city, the Chinese population is most heavily present in Chinatown, Sunset District, and Richmond District, whereas Filipinos are most concentrated in Crocker-Amazon. The San Francisco Bay Area is home to over 382,950 Filipino Americans, one of the largest communities of Filipinos outside of the Philippines.[8][151] Tenderloin District is home a large portion of the city's Vietnamese population as well as businesses and restaurants, which is known as the city's Little Saigon. Koreans and Japanese have a large presence in the Western Addition, which is where the city's Japantown is located. The Pacific Islander population is 0.4% (0.8% including those with partial ancestry). Over half of the Pacific Islander population is of Samoan descent, with residence in the Bayview-Hunters Point and Visitacion Valley areas; Pacific Islanders make up more than three percent of the population in both communities.[8]
Hispanics of any race make up 15.1% of the population, mainly people of Mexican (7.4%), Salvadoran (2.0%), and other Central American descent (2.2%). The Hispanic population is most heavily concentrated in the Mission District and Excelsior District.[152] San Francisco's African American population has declined in recent decades, from 13.4% in 1970 to 6.1%.[153] The current percentage of African Americans in San Francisco is similar to that of the state of California;[153] conversely, the city's percentage of Hispanic residents is less than half of that of the state. The majority of the city's black population reside within the neighborhoods of Bayview-Hunters Point, and Visitacion Valley in southeastern San Francisco, and in the Fillmore District in the northeastern part of the city.[152]
Native Californians form a relatively small percentage of the city's population: only 37.7% of its residents were born in California, while 25.2% were born in a different U.S. state. More than a third of city residents (35.6%) were born outside the United States.[153]
According to the 2005 American Community Survey, San Francisco has the highest percentage of gay and lesbian individuals of any of the 50 largest U.S. cities, at 15.4%.[154] San Francisco also has the highest percentage of same-sex households of any American county, with the Bay Area having a higher concentration than any other metropolitan area.[155]
Of all major cities, San Francisco ranks second behind Seattle for the percentage of residents with a college degree. Over 44% of adults within the city limits have a bachelor's or higher degree.[156] USA Today reported that Rob Pitingolo, a researcher who measured college graduates per square mile, found that San Francisco had the highest rate at 7,031 per square mile, or over 344,000 total graduates in the city's 46.7 square miles (121 km2).[157]
San Francisco ranks third of American cities in median household income[158] with a 2007 value of $65,519.[153] Median family income is $81,136,[153] and San Francisco ranks 8th of major cities worldwide in the number of billionaires known to be living within city limits.[159] Following a national trend, an emigration of middle class families is contributing to widening income disparity[94] and has left the city with a lower proportion of children, 14.5%, than any other large American city.[160]
The city's poverty rate is 11.8% and the number of families in poverty stands at 7.4%, both lower than the national average.[161] The unemployment rate stands at 7.4% as of April 2012.[162] Homelessness has been a chronic and controversial problem for San Francisco since the early 1980s. The homeless population is estimated to be 13,500 with 6,500 living on the streets.[163] The city is believed to have the highest number of homeless inhabitants per capita of any major U.S. city.[164][165] Rates of reported violent and property crimes for 2009 (736 and 4,262 incidents per 100,000 residents, respectively)[166] are slightly lower than for similarly sized U.S. cities.[167]
|
Education[link]
Colleges and universities[link]
The University of California, San Francisco is the sole campus of the University of California system entirely dedicated to graduate education in health and biomedical sciences. It is ranked among the top-five medical schools in the United States[169] and operates the UCSF Medical Center, which ranks among the top 10 hospitals in the country.[170] UCSF is a major local employer, second in size only to the city and county government.[171][172][173] A 43-acre (170,000 m2) Mission Bay campus was opened in 2003, complementing its original facility in Parnassus Heights. It contains research space and facilities to foster biotechnology and life sciences entrepreneurship and will double the size of UCSF's research enterprise.[174] All in all, UCSF operates 20 facilities across San Francisco.[175] The University of California, Hastings College of the Law, founded in Civic Center in 1878, is the oldest law school in California and claims more judges on the state bench than any other institution.[176]
San Francisco State University is part of the California State University system and is located near Lake Merced.[177] The school has close to 30,000 students[178] and awards undergraduate and master's degrees in more than 100 disciplines.[177] The City College of San Francisco, with its main facility in the Ingleside district, is one of the largest two-year community colleges in the country. It has an enrollment of about 100,000 students and offers an extensive continuing education program.[179]
Founded in 1855, the University of San Francisco, a private Jesuit university located on Lone Mountain, is the oldest institution of higher education in San Francisco and one of the oldest universities established west of the Mississippi River.[180] Golden Gate University is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational university formed in 1901 and located in the Financial District. It is primarily a post-graduate institution focused on professional training in law and business, with smaller undergraduate programs linked to its graduate and professional schools.
With an enrollment of 13,000 students, the Academy of Art University is the largest institute of art and design in the nation.[181] Founded in 1871, the San Francisco Art Institute is the oldest art school west of the Mississippi.[182] The California College of the Arts, located north of Potrero Hill, has programs in architecture, fine arts, design, and writing.[183] The San Francisco Conservatory of Music, the only independent music school on the West Coast, grants degrees in orchestral instruments, chamber music, composition, and conducting. The California Culinary Academy, associated with the Le Cordon Bleu program, offers programs in the culinary arts, baking and pastry arts, and hospitality and restaurant management.
Primary and secondary schools[link]
Public schools are run by the San Francisco Unified School District as well as the State Board of Education for some charter schools. Lowell High School, the oldest public high school in the U.S. west of the Mississippi,[184] and the smaller School of the Arts High School are two of San Francisco's magnet schools at the secondary level. Just under 30% of the city's school-age population attends one of San Francisco's more than 100 private or parochial schools, compared to a 10% rate nationwide.[185] Nearly 40 of those schools are Catholic schools managed by the Archdiocese of San Francisco.[186]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area
Freeways and roads[link]
Main article: List of streets in San Francisco
Due to its unique geography, and the freeway revolts of the late 1950s,[187] San Francisco is one of the few American cities that arterial thoroughfares instead of having numerous highways within the city.
Interstate 80 begins at the approach to the Bay Bridge and is the only direct automobile link to the East Bay. U.S. Route 101 connects to the western terminus of Interstate 80 and provides access to the south of the city along San Francisco Bay toward Silicon Valley. Northbound, the routing for U.S. 101 uses arterial streets Mission Street, Van Ness Avenue, Lombard Street, Richardson Avenue, and Doyle Drive to connect to the Golden Gate Bridge, the only direct automobile link to Marin County and the North Bay. State Route 1 also enters San Francisco from the north via the Golden Gate Bridge, but turns south away from the routing of U.S. 101, first onto Park Presidio Blvd through Golden Gate Park, and then bisecting the west side of the city as the 19th Avenue arterial thoroughfare, joining with Interstate 280 at the city's southern border. Interstate 280 continues this southerly routing along the central portion of the Peninsula south to San Jose. Interstate 280 also turns to the east along the southern edge of the city, terminating just south of the Bay Bridge in the South of Market neighborhood. After the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, city leaders decided to demolish the Embarcadero Freeway as well, and voters approved demolition of a portion of the Central Freeway, converting them into street-level boulevards.[187]
State Route 35, which traverses the majority of the Peninsula along the ridge of the Santa Cruz Mountains, enters the city from the south as Skyline Boulevard, following city streets until it terminates at its intersection with Highway 1. State Route 82 enters San Francisco from the south as Mission Street, following the path of the historic El Camino Real and terminating shortly thereafter at its junction with 280. The western terminus of the historic transcontinental Lincoln Highway is in Lincoln Park. Major east–west thoroughfares include Geary Boulevard, the Lincoln Way/Fell Street corridor, and Market Street/Portola Drive.
Public Transportation[link]
Main article: San Francisco Municipal Railway
32% of San Francisco residents use public transportation ranking it first on the West Coast and third overall in the United States.[188] The San Francisco Municipal Railway known as Muni, is the primary public transit system of San Francisco. Muni is the seventh largest transit system in the United States, with 210,848,310 rides in 2006.[189] The system operates both a combined light rail and subway system, the Muni Metro, and a large bus network. [190] Additionally, it runs a historic streetcar line, which runs on Market Street from Castro Street to Fisherman's Wharf. [190] It also operates the famous cable cars,[190] which have been designated as a National Historic Landmark and are a major tourist attraction.[191]
Bay Area Rapid Transit, a regional Commuter Rail system, connects San Francisco with the East Bay through the underwater Transbay Tube. The line runs under Market Street to Civic Center where it turns south to the Mission District, the southern part of the city, and through northern San Mateo County, to the San Francisco International Airport, and Millbrae.[190] Another Commuter Rail system, Caltrain, runs from San Francisco along the San Francisco Peninsula to San Jose.[190]
The Transbay Terminal serves as the terminus for long-range bus service (such as Greyhound) and as a hub for regional bus systems AC Transit (Alameda & Contra Costa counties), SamTrans (San Mateo County), and Golden Gate Transit (Marin and Sonoma Counties).[192] Amtrak also runs a shuttle bus from San Francisco to its rail station across the Bay in Emeryville.[193] A small fleet of commuter and tourist ferries operate from the Ferry Building and Pier 39 to points in Marin County, Oakland, and north to Vallejo in Solano County.[190]
Cycling is a popular mode of transportation in San Francisco. 75,000 residents commute by bicycle per day.[194]
Pedestrian traffic is a major mode of transport. In 2011, Walk Score ranked San Francisco the second most walkable city in the United States.[195][196]
Airports[link]
Main article: San Francisco International Airport
Though located 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown in unincorporated San Mateo County, San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is under the jurisdiction of the City and County of San Francisco. SFO is a hub for United Airlines, its largest tenant,[197] and serves as Virgin America's principal base of operations.[198] SFO is a major international gateway to Asia and Europe, with the largest international terminal in North America.[199] In 2011, SFO was the 8th busiest airport in the U.S. and 22nd busiest in the world, handling over 40.9 million passengers.[200]
Located across the bay, Oakland International Airport is a popular, low-cost alternative to SFO. Geographically, Oakland Airport is approximately the same distance from downtown San Francisco as SFO, but due to its location across San Francisco Bay, it is greater driving distance from San Francisco.
Seaports[link]
Main article: Port of San Francisco
The Port of San Francisco was once the largest and busiest seaport on the West Coast. It featured rows of piers perpendicular to the shore, where cargo from the moored ships was handled by cranes and manual labor and transported to nearby warehouses. The port handled cargo to and from trans-Pacific and Atlantic destinations, and was the West Coast center of the lumber trade. The 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike, an important episode in the history of the American labor movement, brought most ports to a standstill. The advent of container shipping made pier-based ports obsolete, and most commercial berths moved to the Port of Oakland and Port of Richmond. A few active berths specializing in break bulk cargo remain alongside the Islais Creek Channel.
Many piers remained derelict for years until the demolition of the Embarcadero Freeway reopened the downtown waterfront, allowing for redevelopment. The centerpiece of the port, the Ferry Building, while still receiving commuter ferry traffic, has been restored and redeveloped as a gourmet marketplace. The port's other activities now focus on developing waterside assets to support recreation and tourism.
See also[link]
- List of people associated with San Francisco
- National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco, California
- Ships lost in San Francisco
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ "Don't Call It Frisco". San Francisco Examiner, San Francisco Chronicle: p. 6. April 3, 1918. http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgoe82.htm. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ Although many residents still maintain that the nickname "Frisco" is taboo, many residents, especially younger and working-class natives, have kept the term alive and well. In any case, this is a matter of ongoing debate that reflects certain cultural divisions within The City. Sullivan, James (October 14, 2003). "Frisco, that once-verboten term for the city by the bay, is making a comeback among the young and hip. Herb Caen is spinning at warp speed.". San Francisco Chronicle: p. D-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/10/14/DD67721.DTL. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
- ^ Some tourists refer to San Francisco as "Frisco." However, locals discourage this. Samuel D. Cohen writes that many credit "Friscophobia" to newspaper columnist Herb Caen, whose first book, published in 1953, was "Don't Call it Frisco" after a 1918 newspaper article of the same name. Caen was considered by many to be the recognized authority on what was, and what was not, beneath the city's dignity, and to him, Frisco was intolerable. Cohen, Sam (September 11, 1997). "Locals know best: only tourists call it 'Frisco'". Golden Gater Online. San Francisco State University. http://www.journalism.sfsu.edu/www/pubs/gater/fall97/sept11/Frisco.html. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
- ^ "PPIE: The City That Knows How". Amusing America. San Francisco Public Library. March 29, 2005. http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=2000141201. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Caen, Herb (1949). Baghdad-by-the-Bay. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-89174-047-6. OCLC 31060237. LC F869.S3 C12.
- ^ "The City". UnknownWW2InColor. UnknownWW2InColor (Ramano-Archives). 1939. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jHvTZ1RL4I. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ^ "San Francisco: Government". SFGov.org. http://www6.sfgov.org/index.aspx?page=4. Retrieved March 8, 2012. "San Francisco was incorporated as a City on April 15th, 1850 by act of the Legislature."
- ^ a b c d e "GCT-PH1 – Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County – Census Tract". 2010 United States Census Summary File 1. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_GCTPH1.CY07. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ "GCT-PL2 – Population and Housing Occupancy Status: 2010 – United States – Combined Statistical Area with Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area Components; and for Puerto Rico". 2010 United States Census Summary File 1. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US40PR. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 23, 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2008/CBSA-EST2008-02.xls. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Board of Supervisors – Does San Francisco have a City Council?". SFGov SF311. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://sf311.org/index.aspx?page=262. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ [U.S. Census "U.S. Census"]. US Census Bureau. U.S. Census. Retrieved 2011.
- ^ a b After New York City, only for cities with greater than 200,000 population. Otherwise it is not 2nd."2000 Census: US Municipalities Over 50,000: Ranked by 2000 Density". Demographia. http://www.demographia.com/db-2000city50kdens.htm. Retrieved August 23, 2007.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers California's 2010 Census Population Totals". U.S. Census Bureau. March 8, 2011. http://2010.census.gov/news/releases/operations/cb11-cn68.html. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
- ^ Edward F. O'Day (October 1926). "The Founding of San Francisco". San Francisco Water. Spring Valley Water Authority. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist6/founding.html. Retrieved February 14, 2009.
- ^ a b c Richards, Rand (1992). Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide. Heritage House. ISBN 978-1-879367-00-5. OCLC 214330849.
- ^ a b Montagne, Renée (April 11, 2006). "Remembering the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake". People & Places (National Public Radio). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5334411. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ a b "Port of Embarkation Essay—World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area". A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary:. US Department of the Interior. August 28, 2007. http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/embarkation.htm. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ a b "Overseas Visitation Estimates for U.S. States, Cities, and Census Regions: 2010" (PDF). International Visitation in the United States. US Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, US Department of Commerce. May 11, 2009. http://tinet.ita.doc.gov/outreachpages/download_data_table/2010_States_and_Cities.pdf. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ a b "Euromonitor International’s top city destinations ranking". euromontior.com (Euromontior). http://blog.euromonitor.com/2012/01/euromonitor-internationals-top-city-destinations-ranking1-.html. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ^ a b "San Francisco: Economy". City-Data.com. Advameg Inc. http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-West/San-Francisco-Economy.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "The Global Financial Centres Index 11". Long Finance. March 2012. http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
- ^ Stewart, Suzanne B. (November 2003). "Archaeological Research Issues For The Point Reyes National Seashore – Golden Gate National Recreation Area" (PDF). Sonoma State University – Anthropological Studies Center. http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview2.pdf. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
- ^ "Visitors: San Francisco Historical Information". City and County of San Francisco. n.d.. Archived from the original on March 1, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060301022510/http://sfgov.org/site/visitor_index.asp?id=8091. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
- ^ The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco (July 16, 2004). "From the 1820s to the Gold Rush". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/early.html. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ "History of Yerba Buena Gardens". MJM Management Group. 2004. http://www.yerbabuenagardens.com/history.html. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ Sourdough bread was a staple of western explorers and miners of the 19th century. It became an iconic symbol of San Francisco, and is still a staple of city life today.Tamony, Peter (October 1973). "Sourdough and French Bread". Western Folklore (Western States Folklore Society) 32 (4): 265–270. DOI:10.2307/1498306.
- ^ "San Francisco's First Brick Building". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. July 16, 2004. http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/brick.html. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Harris, Ron (November 14, 2005). "Crews Unearth Shipwreck on San Francisco Condo Project". Associated Press. http://www.constructionequipmentguide.com/story.asp?story=6287&headline=Crews. Retrieved September 4, 2006.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 31–33. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ "The miners came in forty-nine, / The whores in fifty-one, / And when they got together / They produced the native son." Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 237–238. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ Construction of the Pacific Railroad was partially (albeit reluctantly) funded by the City and County of San Francisco Pacific Railroad Bond issue under the provisions of "An Act to Authorize the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco to take and subscribe One Million Dollars to the Capital Stock of the Western Pacific Rail Road Company and the Central Pacific Rail Road Company of California and to provide for the payment of the same and other matters relating thereto." approved on April 22, 1863, as amended by §5 of the "Compromise Act of 1864" approved on April 4, 1864. The bond issue was objected to by the Mayor and the Board of Supervisors, however, and they were not delivered to the WPRR and CPRR until 1865 after Writs of Mandamus ordering such were issued by the Supreme Court of the State of California in 1864 ("The People of the State of California on the relation of the Central Pacific Railroad Company vs. Henry P. Coon, Mayor; Henry M. Hale, Auditor; and Joseph S. Paxson, Treasurer, of the City and County of San Francisco" 25 Cal 635) and 1865 ("The People ex rel The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California vs.The Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco, and Wilhelm Lowey, Clerk" 27 Cal 655)
- ^ a b "Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html. Retrieved December 18, 2011.
- ^ "Under Three Flags" (PDF). Golden Gate National Recreation Area Brochures. US Department of the Interior. November 2004. http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/3flags_7-03.pdf. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 44–55. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ London, Jack (May 5, 1906). "The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London". Collier's, the National Weekly (The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco). http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist5/jlondon.html. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
- ^ "1906 Earthquake: Fire Fighting". Golden Gate National Recreation Area. US Department of the Interior. December 24, 2003. http://www.nps.gov/prsf/historyculture/1906-earthquake-fire-fighting.htm. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ "Casualties and Damage after the 1906 earthquake". Earthquake Hazards Program – Northern California. US Geological Survey. January 25, 2008. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/1906/18april/casualties.php. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ "1906 Earthquake and the Army". Golden Gate National Recreation Area. US Department of the Interior. August 25, 2004. http://www.nps.gov/prsf/historyculture/1906-earthquake.htm. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 56–62. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ "San Francisco Gold Rush Banking – 1849". The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. June 24, 2004. http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist9/banking.html. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Fang, Eric (February 1999). "Urban Renewal Revisited: A Design Critique". SPUR Newsletter (San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association). http://www.spur.org/publications/library/article/urbanrenewalrevisited02011999. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ Willis, James; Habib, Jerry, Brittan, Jeremy (April 19, 2004). "San Francisco Planning Department Census Data Analysis" (PPT). San Francisco State University. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110718191827/http://bss.sfsu.edu/pamuk/SFDemographics.ppt. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Minton, Torri (September 20, 1998). "Race Through Time". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. SC-4. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/09/20/SC72759.DTL. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 240–242. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ "American Experience: Summer of Love: Film Description". Website for American Experience documentary on the Summer of Love. PBS. March 14, 2007. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/love/filmmore/fd.html. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ "San Francisco History: The 1970s and 1980s: Gay Rights". Destinations: San Francisco. Frommers.com. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070612230434/http://www.frommers.com/destinations/sanfrancisco/0029033660.html. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ "Pyramid Facts and Figures". Company Profile. Transamerica Insurance and Investment Group. http://www.transamerica.com/company_profile/about_the_pyramid/pyramid_facts_and_figures.asp. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide- San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. pp. 95–96. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- ^ Fagan, Kevin (August 4, 2006). "S.F.'s Homeless Aging on the Street / Chronic health problems on the rise as median age nears 50". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/04/MNGILKB9KV1.DTL&ao=all. Retrieved March 6, 2012. "The findings support what many social workers have long suspected – that there was a "big bang" homeless population explosion as federal housing programs were slashed and the closing of mental hospitals hit home in the mid-1980s and that this core group constitutes the bulk of the street population."
- ^ Nieves, Evelyn (November 5, 2000). "Mission District Fights Case of Dot-Com Fever". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/05/us/mission-district-fights-case-of-dot-com-fever.html. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
- ^ Ted Egan (April 3, 2006). "City and County of San Francisco: An Overview of San Francisco’s Recent Economic Performance" (PDF). Report prepared for Mayor’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development. ICF Consulting. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090201053456/http://www.sfeconomicstrategy.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf. Retrieved June 19, 2008. "Another positive trend for the future is San Francisco’s highly entrepreneurial, flexible and innovative economy...San Francisco’s very high reliance on small business and self-employment is typical of other dynamic, fast-growing, high-technology areas across the country."
- ^ Graham, Tom (November 7, 2004). "Peak Experience". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. PK-23. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/11/07/PKGJ99K7KD1.DTL. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ Lee, Henry K. (January 16, 1997). "Mount Davidson Cross Called Landmark by Panel". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1997/01/16/MN71385.DTL. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Smith, Charles (April 15, 2006). "What San Francisco didn't learn from the '06 quake". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/04/15/HOGQ9I7P2T1.DTL. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
- ^ Selna, Robert (June 29, 2008). "S.F. leaders ignore weak buildings' quake risk". San Francisco Chronicle: p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2008/06/29/MNDD110U2E.DTL. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
- ^ "Liquefaction Damage in the Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake" (PDF). California Geological Survey. http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/outreach/Documents/Marina%20Poster%2011x17rw2b.pdf. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ Nolte, Carl (August 19, 2005). "Fog Heaven: The sun will come out tomorrow. Or maybe not. It's summer in the city, and that means gray skies". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/19/MNGOBEA9JI1.DTL&ao=all. Retrieved June 13, 2008.
- ^ "And Never the Twain Shall Tweet". Urban Legends Reference Pages. Snopes.com. September 26, 2007. Archived from the original on August 22, 2011. http://www.snopes.com/quotes/twain.asp.
- ^ Also known as Dry-Summer Subtropical (Köppen climate classification Csb)
- ^ Climate of San Francisco: Narrative Description Golden Gate Weather Services. Retrieved September 5, 2006.
- ^ Osborn, Liz. "Coolest US Cities in Summer". Weather Extremes. Current Results Nexus. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/coldest-cities-summer.php. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Gilliam, Harold (July–September, 2002), "Cutting Through the Fog: Demystifying the Summer Spectacle", Bay Nature, http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2002/cutting-through-the-fog
- ^ a b "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for San Francisco, California. Summary of weather data.". weatherbase.com. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=149427&refer=.
- ^ Climate of San Francisco: Snowfall Golden Gate Weather Services. Retrieved December 3, 2006.
- ^ "San Fran Mission Dolore, California (047772) Period of Record General Climate Summary – Temperature". Western Regional Climate Center. Desert Research Institute. 2010. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliGCStT.pl?ca7772. Retrieved July 25, 2010. (Main page)
- ^ http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/climate/yeardisp.php?wfo=mtr&stn=KSFO&submit=Yearly+Charts San Francisco Bay Area / Monterey
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mtr. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
- ^ "NOAA". NOAA. ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-IV/US/GROUP1/00047772.TXT.
- ^ The Official San Francisco Chinatown Website. Sanfranciscochinatown.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
- ^ Depicting Otherness: Images of San Francisco's Chinatown. College Street Journal (October 11, 2002). Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
- ^ Bacon, Daniel: Walking the Barbary Coast Trail 2nd ed., pp. 52–53, Quicksilver Press, 1997
- ^ Chinatown/Grant Avenue. San Francisco Days
- ^ Morgan, Benjamin (Director) (2007). "Quality of Life (film website)". Mission District History. http://www.qualityoflife-themovie.com/website/mission.html. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "The Castro". SFGate San Francisco Neighborhood Guide. http://www.sfgate.com/neighborhoods/sf/castro/. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "The Haight". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/neighborhoods/sf/haight/. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ Bishop, Katherine (October 13, 1988). "Haight-Ashbury Journal; Love and Hate Linger In Ex-Hippie District". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/13/us/haight-ashbury-journal-love-and-hate-linger-in-ex-hippie-district.html?sec=&spon=. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "The Marina". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/traveler/guide/sf/neighborhoods/marina.shtml. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ Chow, Andrew (March 22, 2002). "Dismal APA Turnout at First Redistricting Meetings". Asian Week.
- ^ "Facility Listings". San Francisco Recreation and Parks Department. City and County of San Francisco. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://sf-recpark.org/index.aspx?page=56. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "The Most Visited City Parks" (PDF). Center for City Park Excellence. The Trust for Public Land. October 11, 2007. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090318011047/http://www.tpl.org/content_documents/ccpe_Most_Visited_Parks.pdf. Retrieved June 17, 2008.
- ^ "What to See at the Zoo". San Francisco Zoo. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110719005811/http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/ViewOrgPageLink.asp?LinkKey=15015&orgkey=1821. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Candlestick Point SRA". California State Parks Department. http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=519. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
- ^ Temple, James (July 17, 2008). "S.F. a step ahead as most 'walkable' U.S. city". San Francisco Chronicle: p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/16/MN3J11Q3N8.DTL. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
- ^ "WalkScore No.1 San Francisco". Walkscore.com. http://www.walkscore.com/2008/. Retrieved July 18, 2008.
- ^ Wach, Bonnie (October 3, 2003). "Fog City rises from the funk". USA Today (Gannett Company, Inc.). http://www.usatoday.com/travel/destinations/cityguides/sanfrancisco/worthdoing.htm. Retrieved September 4, 2006. [dead link]
- ^ Schwarzer, Michelle (July 2001). "San Francisco by the Numbers: Planning After the 2000 Census". SPUR Newsletter (San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association). Archived from the original on February 11, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050211032911/http://spur.org/documents/010701_article_03.shtm. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Sadovi, Maura Webber (April 12, 2006). "San Francisco's Home Prices Remain Among the Highest in U.S.". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070301092505/http://www.realestatejournal.com/columnists/livingthere/20060412-livingthere.html. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Median Family Income (In 2003 Inflation-adjusted Dollars)". American Community Survey. US Census Bureau. August 22, 2007. Archived from the original on April 20, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080420102803/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Ranking/2003/R14T160.htm. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Hawn, Carleen (March 2007). "It may not feel like it, but your shot at the good life is getting better. Here's why". San Francisco magazine. Modern Luxury. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070224105246/http://www.sanfran.com/archives/view_story/1068/. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ ""Quality of Living global city rankings – Mercer survey". Mercer Consulting. June 2008. http://www.mercer.com/referencecontent.htm?idContent=1307990. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b Hendricks, Tyche (June 22, 2006). "Rich City Poor City: Middle-class neighborhoods are disappearing from the nation's cities, leaving only high- and low-income districts, new study says.". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/06/22/MNG6HJIDMM1.DTL. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ a b Egan, Ted (April 3, 2006). "An Overview of San Francisco's Recent Economic Performance – Executive Summary" (PDF). ICF Consulting. Archived from the original on July 10, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070710072642/http://www.sfgov.org/site/uploadedfiles/moed/economic_strat/ExecutiveSummary_EconomicPerformanceReview.pdf. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Lam, Eric (December 22, 2005). "San Francisco Chinese New Year Parade Embroiled in Controversy". The Epoch Times. http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/5-12-22/36073.html. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Leip, Dave (June 4, 2008). "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Dave Leip. http://www.uselectionatlas.org/. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Reform Law Could Curb Healthy San Francisco's Enrollment by Up to 60% – California Healthline. Californiahealthline.org. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
- ^ "San Francisco's Latest Innovation: Universal Health Care", by Laura A. Locke, Time, June 23, 2006
- ^ "Participant Costs", healthysanfrancisco.org. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
- ^ "Universal Health Care Plan Approved in San Francisco", Insurance Journal, July 20, 2006.
- ^ Not Illegal to be Naked in Public in San Francisco | Lawinfo Weblog. Blog.lawinfo.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.
- ^ The San Francisco Opera is second in size only to New York City's Metropolitan Opera
- ^ "Corporate Sponsorship – Why Sponsor". San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071229011210/http://www.sfmoma.org/membership/corp_sponsors_why_sponsor.html. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Top 200 Newspapers by Largest Reported Circulation". Audit Bureau of Circulations. March 31, 2007. Archived from the original on August 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070813073544/http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Rosenberg, Scott (March 21, 2000). "The San Francisco Examiner, 1887–2000". Salon.com. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090627064603/http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Nolte, Carl (November 22, 2000). "Examiner Staff Ends an Era With Tears, Newsroom Tales". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/22/MN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Hua, Vanessa (August 3, 2004). "Newspaper war in the Bay Area: Ming Pao becomes 6th Chinese-language daily". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. B-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/03/BAGI781MM91.DTL. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Local Television Market Universe Estimates" (XLS). Nielsen Media. September 22, 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927200433/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/nmr_static/docs/2007-2008_DMA_Ranks.xls. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "Arbitron Radio Market Rankings: Spring 2008". Arbitron. April 16, 2008. Archived from the original on August 1, 2007. http://www.arbitron.com/radio_stations/mm001050.asp. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers – Winter 2004 Arbitron" (PDF). Radio Research Consortium. Arbitron Media Research. June 17, 2004. Archived from the original on April 23, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050423215537/http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (November 9, 2006). "SAN FRANCISCO / 49ers say they are moving to Santa Clara". Sfgate.com. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/11/09/BAGNJM99FK1.DTL. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ "San Francisco mayor: 49ers move to Santa Clara all but assured". PressDemocrat.com. December 6, 2011. http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20111206/WIRE/111209685. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
- ^ "Federal Brownfields Tax Incentive: SBC Park" (PDF). Brownfields. US Environmental Protection Agency. May 2005. Archived from the original on August 21, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060921012953/http://www.epa.gov/swerosps/bf/pdf/sfcasestudy070505.pdf. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "About Us – History". ING Bay to Breakers. ING Group. March 11, 2008. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://baytobreakers.com/index.php?page=race-history. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Bulwa, Demian (July 27, 2009). "S.F. Marathon: 26.2 miles of feel-good pain". Press Release (SFGate). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/26/BA0218VCGF.DTL. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "Fact Sheet". Press Release. Accenture Escape from Alcatraz Triathlon. May 23, 2008. http://www.escapefromalcatraztriathlon.com/Assets/ESCAPE+From+Alcatraz/Fact+Sheet.pdf. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
- ^ Cote, John (2010). "San Francisco selected to host America's Cup". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/12/31/BAQ11H1QRE.DTL. Retrieved December 31, 2010.
- ^ "Bicycle Network Facilities". Commuting and Resources. SF Municipal Transportation Authority. May 12, 2008. http://www.sfmta.com/cms/bcomm/3180.html. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Hübler, Eric (2008). "The Fittest and Fattest Cities in America". Men's Fitness (American Media, Inc). Archived from the original on October 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081011203124/http://www.mensfitness.com/city_rankings/454. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "City of San Francisco 2010 Bicycle Count Report", San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2010, p. 3.
- ^ "2008 San Francisco State of Cycling Report", San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2008, p. 9.
- ^ Gonzales, Richard (May 22, 2006). "New Parts of Alcatraz Revealed to Public". People and Places (National Public Radio). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9977965. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Flinn, Ryan (September 3, 2010). "S.F. tourism picks up, but spending stays flat". San Francisco Chronicle: p. D-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/09/02/BU8S1F7CUG.DTL. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
- ^ Finz, Stacy (July 16, 2006). "Rice-a-Redux After a 7-year hiatus, it's billed once again as the San Francisco treat". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/07/16/MNGTUK06P31.DTL. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "Sights in San Francisco". City and County of San Francisco. http://www.sfgov.org/site/mainpages_page.asp?id=18191. Retrieved September 14, 2006.
- ^ Finz, Stacy (March 27, 2012). "S.F. tourism bounces back as economy recovers". San Francisco Chronicle: p. D-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2012/03/27/BUSE1NQBC3.DTL. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ Spain, William (November 13, 2004). "Cost factors: Top convention cities boast most-affordable lodging". CBS Marketwatch (Marketwatch Inc). http://www.marketwatch.com/story/top-convention-cities-boast-most-affordable-lodging?siteid=mktw&dist=. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ "2009: Cities". Fortune 500 (Fortune magazine, Time Inc). May 5, 2008. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2008/cities/. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Beaverstock, J.V.; R.G. Smith & P.J. Taylor (July 28, 1999). "Research Bulletin 5: A Roster of World Cities". Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network. Geography Department, Loughborough University. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/rb/rb5.html. Retrieved June 26, 2008.
- ^ Hawksworth, Hoehn and Gyles (March 2007). "UK Economic Outlook March 2007 (Section 3)" (PDF). Table 3.3 – Top 30 urban agglomerations by estimated GDP in 2005. PriceWaterhouseCoopers. p. 18. Archived from the original on November 27, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101127120014/http://pwc.co.uk/pdf/pwc_ukeo-section3-march07.pdf. Retrieved July 26, 2010. (PWC Archive)
- ^ Z/Yen (March 2010). "Global Financial Centres Index 7" (PDF). City of London, England. p. 28. http://secure-uk.imrworldwide.com/cgi-bin/b?ci=cityoflondon&cg=downloadsedo&tu=http://217.154.230.218/NR/rdonlyres/661216D8-AD60-486B-A96F-EE75BB61B28A/0/BC_RS_GFC7full.pdf. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ Selna, Robert (May 15, 2008). "New jobs, houses spur S.F. population in 2007". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. B-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/15/BA2110LPHB.DTL. Retrieved June 14, 2008.
- ^ "San Francisco, Oakland, Fremont CA – Biochemists & Biophysicists – Career, Salary & Employment Info". College Degree Report. 2010. http://www.collegedegreereport.com/city-data/biochemists-and-biophysicists/san-francisco-oakland-fremont. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Tan, Aldrich M. (April 12, 2006). "San Francisco is gateway city for immigrants and Silicon Valley Technology". Fogcityjournal.com. http://www.fogcityjournal.com/news_in_brief/sf_tech_gateway_060412.shtml. Retrieved June 15, 2008.
- ^ Said, Carolyn (November 29, 2005). "Main Street Fights Chain Street". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2005/11/29/BUGN3FS8911.DTL&type=business. Retrieved August 27, 2006.
- ^ Hetter, Katia (March 21, 2004). "Supervisors OK limits on chain-store expansion". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/03/24/BAGD65PVI821.DTL. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
- ^ "Proposition G: Limitations on Formula Retail Stores, City of San Francisco". smartvoter.org. http://smartvoter.org/2006/11/07/ca/sf/meas/G/. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
- ^ City and County of San Francisco, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2009. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
- ^ Coy, Owen Cochran (1919). Guide to the County Archives of California. Sacramento, California: California Historical Survey Commission. p. 409.
- ^ "Board of Supervisors District Information". City and County of San Francisco, Board of Supervisors. Archived from the original on July 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070714005328/http://www.sfgov.org/site/bdsupvrs_index.asp?id=4385. Retrieved January 29, 2006.
- ^ Coté, John (January 11, 2011). "Ed Lee becomes the city's first Chinese American mayor". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://blog.sfgate.com/cityinsider/2011/01/11/ed-lee-becomes-the-citys-first-chinese-american-mayor/.
- ^ "Foreign Consular Offices in the United States, 2007". United States Department of State. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/91446.pdf. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ John Coté, Heather Knight, Stephanie Lee (July 27, 2011). "Budget cedes to election intrigue". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/26/MNEG1KFC6O.DTL. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- ^ Gordon, Rachel (April 26, 2010). "1 in 3 San Francisco employees earned $100,000". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/04/25/MNC51CLUBN.DTL. Retrieved March 7, 2012.
- ^ Official 1850 census results were destroyed by fire. This 1852 figure is from a state Census. [1]
- ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2011/tables/CO-EST2011-01-06.csv. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Sheya, Daniel (May 2010). "E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties, and the State with Annual Percent Change – January 1, 2009 and 2010". Sacramento, Calif.: California Department of Finance. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110607175304/http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-1/2009-10/view.php.
- ^ "Population in Combined Statistical Areas (CSAs) in Alphabetical Order and Numerical and Percent Change for the United States and Puerto Rico: 1990 and 2000" (Excel). Census 2000 and 1990 Census. U.S. Census Bureau. December 30, 2003. Archived from the original on July 30, 2007. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t29/tab06.xls. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Training and Education /PET". Filipino-American Law Enforcement Officers Association. http://www.faleo.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=62. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "Interactive: Mapping the census". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/special/nation/census/2010/. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "QuickFacts: San Francisco County, California". United States Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06075.html. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
- ^ Gates, Gary (October 2006). "Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey" (PDF). The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070702202709/http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/SameSexCouplesandGLBpopACS.pdf. Retrieved July 10, 2008.
- ^ "Gay and Lesbian Families in the United States: Same-Sex Unmarried Partner Households" (PDF). Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080413201016/http://www.hrc.org/documents/gayandlesbianfamilies.pdf. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
- ^ "The brainpower of America's largest cities". Bizjournals.com (data interpreted from U.S. Census). unknown 2010. Archived from the original on July 1, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060701071804/http://www.bizjournals.com/specials/pages/12.html. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ Winter, Michael (June 9, 2010). "New measure ranks San Francisco the 'smartest' U.S. city". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2010/06/new-measure-ranks-san-francisco-the-smartest-us-city/1. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Median Household Income (In 2003 Inflation-adjusted Dollars) (Place Level)". U.S. Census Bureau. August 22, 2007. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080323090208/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Ranking/2003/R07T160.htm. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
- ^ Obusan, Claire (March 12, 2006). "Top Ten Billionaire cities". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/2009/03/10/worlds-richest-cities-billionaires-2009-billionaires-cities.html. Retrieved June 22, 2009.
- ^ "Families Struggle To Stay: Why Families are Leaving San Francisco and What Can Be Done" (PDF). Coleman Advocates for Children & Youth. March 1, 2006. Archived from the original on April 15, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100415094818/http://www.colemanadvocates.org/includes/downloads/amiliesstruggletostaypg111.pdf?PHPSESSID=c0e29242c58e4e22f6008bcf41a7302f. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Economic Characteristics". 2005–2007 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates – Data Profile Highlights. U.S. Census Bureau. 2007. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ACSSAFFFacts?_event=&geo_id=05000US06075&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US06%7C05000US06075&_street=&_county=san+francisco&_cityTown=san+francisco&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=050&_submenuId=factsheet_1&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ^ "California’s unemployment rate decreases to 10.9 percent". State of California, Employment Development Department. May 18, 2012. http://www.edd.ca.gov/About_EDD/pdf/urate201205.pdf. Retrieved May 18, 2012.
- ^ Matier, Phillip; Ross, Andrew (September 27, 2010). "Homeless problem lingers as S.F. spends millions". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/09/26/BA8E1FJCR6.DTL. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ "San Francisco Program Combats Homelessness with Innovation". PBS. April 5, 2005. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/jan-june05/homeless_4-8.html. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
- ^ Pratt, Timothy (August 12, 2006). "Critics say regional plan won't solve the problem". Las Vegas Sun. http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2005/aug/12/critics-say-regional-plan-wont-solve-the-problem/. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
- ^ "Uniform Crime Reports: Table 6 Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2009". 2009 Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_06.html#s. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ "Uniform Crime Reports: Table 16 Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2009". 2009 Crime in the United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_16.html. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov "Demographic Profile Bay Area Census". Archived from the original on March 30, 2006. http://www.census.gov http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov.
- ^ "America's Best Graduate Schools: Best Medical Schools". U.S. News and World Report. 2010. http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools/primary-care-rankings. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Comarow, Avery (July 14, 2010). "Best Hospitals 2011–12: the Honor Roll". U.S. News and World Report. http://health.usnews.com/health-news/best-hospitals/articles/2011/07/18/best-hospitals-2011-12-the-honor-roll. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "San Francisco Business Information: Largest Employers in San Francisco" (Microsoft Word). San Francisco Business Times Book of Lists, 2007. San Francisco Center for Economic Development. Archived from the original on August 17, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070817111006/http://www.sfced.org/docs/Largest_Employers_in_SF_2007.doc. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- ^ Leuty, Ron (June 11, 2010). "UCSF packs a $6B punch for economy". San Francisco Business Times. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://sanfrancisco.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2010/06/14/story1.html. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ "Employment & Economic Stimulus". 2010 Economic Impact Report. University of California, San Francisco. Archived from the original on July 26, 2010. http://www.ucsf.edu/eir/employment-economic-stimulus. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ Wallace Ravven (July 22, 2003). "New UCSF Mission Bay campus: country's largest biomedical university expansion". UCSF. http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/07/4846/new-ucsf-mission-bay-campus-countrys-largest-biomedical-university-expansio. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- ^ UCSF Planning Group (2009). "UCSF Main Locations Map". UCSF. http://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/documents/ucsf-city-map.pdf. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
- ^ "Hastings Quick Facts". University of California, Hastings College of the Law. http://www.uchastings.edu/?pid=37. Retrieved August 30, 2006.
- ^ a b "SF State Facts 2008–2009". SFSU. http://www.sfsu.edu/~puboff/sfsufact/archive/0809/files/SFSU_Facts_0809.pdf. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
- ^ "SF State Facts 2008–2009: Students". San Francisco State University. http://www.sfsu.edu/~puboff/sfsufact/archive/0809/students.htm. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
- ^ "City College of San Francisco Fact Sheet" (PDF). City College of San Francisco. April 2008. http://www.ccsf.edu/Offices/Public_Information/factsheet.html. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "University of San Francisco Fact Book and Almanac 2007" (PDF). University of San Francisco. December 31, 2007. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080624193135/http://www.usfca.edu/online/about_USF/USFAlmanac2007.pdf. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Who We Are". Academy of Art University. 2008. http://www.academyart.edu/whoweare.html. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
- ^ Let's Go: Roadtripping USA. MacMillan. 2007. p. 489. http://books.google.com/books?id=2kz2R2rPFXgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Roadtripping+USA#PPA489,M1. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
- ^ "Oakland & San Francisco Campuses". California College of the Arts. 2012. http://www.cca.edu/admissions/undergrad/campuses. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
- ^ "The Oldest Public High School West of the Mississippi". About Lowell: Lowell History. San Francisco Unified School District. February 22, 2002. Archived from the original on April 14, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20020414125943/http://www.sfusd.edu/schwww/sch697/about/history/. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Knight, Heather (May 31, 2006). "Many reluctantly chose private schools". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/31/MNGJIJ50T41.DTL. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "School Directory August 2010" (PDF). Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco. August 2010. Archived from the original on November 27, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101127114957/http://sfdcs.org/dcs/sites/default/files/docs/school_directory/Directory_Regular_10-11.pdf. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ a b Gordon, Rachel (September 8, 2005). "Boulevard of dreams, the premiere". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. B-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/08/BAGBFEJVE21.DTL. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ Les Christie (June 29, 2007). "New Yorkers are Top Transit Users". CNNMoney.com (Cable News Network). http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
- ^ "Fiscal Year 2008 Short Range Transit Plan: Chapter 4" (PDF). San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency. http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rsrtp/documents/09Chapter4-CurrentServiceaccessible-fy08PublicDraftforMTAB10-2.pdf. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f "Bay Area Traveler: Transportation Information". SF Gate.com (Hearst Communications Inc). March 2007. http://www.sfgate.com/traveler/guide/transportation/publictrans.shtml. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Report on San Francisco's Cable Cars" (PDF). San Francisco Beautiful. May 2007. http://www.sfbeautiful.org/images/press/5.07.Cable%20Car%20Report.pdf. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Project Overview – Regional Transit". Transbay Transit Center. Archived from the original on December 13, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061213231643/http://www.transbaycenter.org/TransBay/content.aspx?id=36. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "Emeryville Station (EMY)". Amtrak. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224092953/http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Station/Station_Page&code=EMY. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "2011 Bicycle Count Report". SFMTA (City of San Francisco). December 2011. http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rbikes/documents/2011BicycleCountReportsml_002.pdf. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ Said, Carolyn (July 20, 2011). "S.F., Oakland in top 10 most walkable U.S. cities". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/20/BUUK1KCC67.DTL&tsp=1. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ "The 10 most walkable U.S. cities". MarketWatch. 2011. http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-10-most-walkable-us-cities-2011-07-20?link=MW_popular. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
- ^ Young, Eric (April 2, 2004). "Pact keeps United from flying away". San Francisco Business Times (American City Business Journals). http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2004/04/05/story1.html. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ Raine, George (December 9, 2005). "Taking to the air: Low-fare startup Virgin America says it has the funding to fly". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications Inc): p. C-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/12/09/VIRGIN.TMP. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Fact Sheet: International Terminal" (PDF). San Francisco International Airport. May 2007. http://www.flysfo.com/web/export/sites/default/download/about/news/pressres/fact-sheet/pdf/International_Terminal_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Retrieved June 16, 2008.
- ^ "Preliminary World Airport Traffic 2011 (Table 2 – TOTAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC 2011)". Airports Council International. March 27, 2012. http://www.centreforaviation.com/files/analysis/70690/PR_2012-03-27_PreliminaryResults_2011.pdf. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- Bibliography
- De La Perouse, Jean Francois; Yamane, Linda Gonsalves; Margolin, Malcolm (1989). Life in a California Mission: Monterey in 1786: The Journals of Jean Francois De La Perouse. Heyday Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-39-7. OCLC 20368802.
- Hansen, Gladys (1995). San Francisco Almanac: Everything you want to know about the city. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-0841-5. OCLC 30702907.
- London, Jack (May 5, 1906). "The Story of an Eyewitness by Jack London". Collier's, the National Weekly.
- Richards, Rand (1991). Historic San Francisco: A Concise History and Guide. Heritage House. ISBN 978-1-879367-00-5. OCLC 214330849.
- Ungaretti, Lorri (2005). San Francisco's Richmond District. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-3053-6. OCLC 62249656.
- Wiley, Peter Booth (2000). National trust guide San Francisco: America’s guide for architecture and history travelers. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-471-19120-9. OCLC 44313415.
- Further reading
- Asbury, Hubert (1989). The Barbary Coast: An Informal History of the San Francisco Underworld. Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-428-7. OCLC 22719465.
- Bronson, William (2006). The Earth Shook, the Sky Burned. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-5047-6. OCLC 65223734.
- Cassady, Stephen (1987). Spanning the Gate. Square Books. ISBN 978-0-916290-36-8. OCLC 15229396.
- Dillon, Richard H. (1998). High Steel: Building the Bridges Across San Francisco Bay. Celestial Arts (Reissue edition). ISBN 978-0-88029-428-7. OCLC 22719465.
- Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1980). Literary San Francisco: A pictorial history from its beginnings to the present day. Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250325-1. OCLC 6683688.
- Hartman, Chester (2002). City for Sale: The Transformation of San Francisco. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08605-0. OCLC 48579085.
- Holliday, J. S. (1999). Rush for Riches: Gold Fever and the Making of California. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21402-6. OCLC 37545551.
- Lotchin, Roger W. (1997). San Francisco, 1846–1856: From Hamlet to City. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06631-3. OCLC 35650934.
- Margolin, Malcolm (1981). The Ohlone Way: Indian Life in the San Francisco-Monterey Bay Area. Heydey Books. ISBN 978-0-930588-01-4. OCLC 4628382.
- Maupin, Armistead (1978). Tales of the City. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-096404-7. OCLC 29847673.
- Solnit, Rebecca. Infinite City: A San Francisco Atlas (University of California Press, 2010). 144 pp. ISBN 978-0-520-26250-8; online review
- Thomas, Gordon and Witts, Max Morgan (1971). The San Francisco Earthquake. Stein and Day. ISBN 978-0-8128-1360-9. OCLC 154735.
- Winfield, P.H., The charter of San Francisco (The fortnightly review Vol. 157–58:2 (1945), p. 69–75)
External links[link]
| Find more about San Francisco on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Official website for the City and County of San Francisco
- Bay Area Public Transit Info, Schedules and Maps
- San Francisco travel guide from Wikitravel
- Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco
 |
Sausalito Marin County |
Richmond Contra Costa County Berkeley Alameda County |
|
|
| Pacific Ocean |  |
Alameda, Oakland Alameda County |
||
 San Francisco East |
||||
 |
||||
| Brisbane, Daly City San Mateo County |
San Leandro Alameda County |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
State of 
http://wn.com/San_Francisco
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/San Francisco
http://es.wn.com/San Francisco (California)
http://ru.wn.com/Сан-Франциско
http://cs.wn.com/San Francisco
http://pt.wn.com/São Francisco (Califórnia)
http://pl.wn.com/San Francisco
http://hi.wn.com/सैन फ्रांसिस्को
http://it.wn.com/San Francisco
http://id.wn.com/San Francisco
http://nl.wn.com/San Francisco
http://fr.wn.com/San Francisco
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Lee Oskar | |
|---|---|
 Lee Oskar (standing 3rd from right) with War in 1976 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Oskar Levetin Hansen |
| Born | (1948-03-24) 24 March 1948 (age 64) |
| Origin | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Genres | Rock, Funk, Blues, Jazz |
| Occupations | Musician, Songwriter, CEO |
| Instruments | Harmonica |
| Years active | 1966–present |
| Associated acts | War, S.O.B. (Same Old Band), Lowrider Band |
| Website | http://www.leeoskar.com/ |
Lee Oskar (born March 24, 1948, Copenhagen, Denmark)[1] is a Danish harmonica player,[2] notable for his contributions to the sound of the rock-funk fusion group War, which he formed with Eric Burdon,[3] his solo work, and as a harmonica manufacturer.[4] He currently plays with Lowriderband, with Harold Brown, Howard Scott and B.B.Dickerson
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1948, Oskar was six years old when a family friend gave him his first harmonica.[5] "I came from an area where every kid on the block had a harmonica," he remembers.[6] He grew up listening to Danish radio, enjoying all types of music and cites Ray Charles as the biggest influence from that period.[7] When he was 17, Oskar decided that the United States was where a harmonica player should make his career,[6] so he moved to New York at the age of 18 with little more than a harmonica in his pocket.[5] With no money, Oskar played harmonica in the streets of New York.[6] Eventually arriving in Los Angeles, California, via Toronto and San Francisco, Oskar soon met and joined forces with Eric Burdon who had recently disbanded The Animals and was searching for new collaborators.[8] Together, the harp-playing Dane (born Oskar Levetin Hansen[9]) and the British blues-rock singer made the rounds of the L.A. clubs, eventually hooking up with the soon-to-be members of War.[10] Burdon agreed to the novel idea of pairing up Oskar's harmonica with Charles Miller's saxophone to form a horn section. This team-up set War apart from the start, giving Oskar room to display the full spectrum of his improvisational prowess. Oskar's harmonica magic was always a vital element in War's music and performances. Oskar continued with War for 24 years non-stop. At the end of 1992 he made the decision to end his association with that group in order to have the time to pursue his solo career.[10]
War[link]
Lee Oskar who has been described as "a virtuoso,"[11] "the harmonica whiz"[12] "a war hero,"[13] "legendary,"[5] "musical wizardry,"[14] and as "generally regarded to be among the best rock-blues-soul harmonica players."[15] His role as a founding member and former lead harmonica player of the pioneer funk-jazz group War won him international renown for over two and a half decades (1969–1993). Oskar's signature solos helped to define the War sound from the band's beginning in 1969, adding dashes of color to its R&B, jazz, rock, and Latin influences.[14] Oskar's position with War was a prominent one from its early days with singer Eric Burdon onward.[16] "My playing has become more aggressive over the years," he says. "In the beginning, my role was playing horn lines. Today, it's evolved to the point where I'm playing a lead instrument. If I'm not doing a solo, I'm playing counterlines—I try to paint within certain spaces in the music to help create the overall picture."
Solo career[link]
The eclectic, multicultural nature of War's music is also evident in Oskar's solo projects.[17] Three well regarded albums released between 1976 and 1981 (and recently rereleased on CD) brought critical and popular acclaim[18] including being voted No. 1 Instrumental Artist of the Year for 1976 in not one, but three major industry mags: Billboard, Cashbox and Record World.[19] The albums, like Oskar's live performances, show the diverse influences of his musicality. A composer, his compositions have been featured on movie sound tracks and television commercials. He has been the recipient of many Gold and Platinum recordings and honored with special ASCAP Writing Awards.
Lee Oskar harmonica[link]
In 1983 Oskar formed a company to manufacture high-quality harmonicas. His company, Lee Oskar Harmonica, sells harmonicas suited to many different styles of music, including blues, folk, rock, R&B and country. The harmonicas themselves are manufactured by Tombo.[1] Oskar's harmonica company celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2008 at the NAMM Show (Oskar playing one of his harmonicas at the 2008 NAMM Show).
Influences[link]
Several modern musicians, such as Mike Tetrault, cited Oskar as an important influence. When Junior Wells died, he was buried with a tray of Lee Oskar harmonicas.[20]
References[link]
- ^ a b SPI Staff (August 17, 2003). "Seattle Post-Intelligencer". http://www.seattlepi.com/pop/135232_tf218.html. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ Tim Carman. "Houston Press". http://www.houstonpress.com/1995-05-18/music/what-is-it-good-for/. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ Steve Zimmerman. "Ashland Daily Tidings". http://archive.dailytidings.com/2004/0715/071504r3.shtml. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ The Weekender. "Music in Southern California". http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7aYNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vlUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7001,1049278&dq=lee-oskar. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ a b c Errol Nazareth. "CBC Metro Music". http://www.cbc.ca/metromorning/metromusic/2008/04/collection.html. Retrieved 2-7-2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b c Nick Snow. "Desert News". http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=TCAOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Kn4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6882,2371228&dq=lee-oskar. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Doug Deutsch. "Los Angeles Blues". http://www.losangelesblues.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=445&sid=b27710836ea64b371352dfc85a00d768. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Mel Shields. "The Sacramento Bee". http://www.sacbee.com/125/story/1267149.html. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ Jerryz. "The Malay Mail". http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-10389619.html. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ a b Steve Huey. "MTV All Music Guide". http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/war/artist.jhtml#bio. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ David Silverman (March 8, 1989). "Chicago Tribune". Chicago Tribune. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24690498.html?dids=24690498:24690498&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+08%2C+1989&author=David+Silverman%2C+Entertainment+writer.&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=2+decades+later%2C+there's+still+plenty+of+battle+and+funk+left+in+War&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Stephen Holden (July 11, 1982). "The New York Times". http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E2D61639F932A25754C0A964948260. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Ampersand. "On Disc". http://digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu/Default/Skins/BasicArch/Client.asp?Skin=BasicArch&&AppName=2&enter=true&BaseHref=DCG/1978/10/05&EntityId=Ar02400. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ a b Robert L. Jamieson Jr.. "Seattle Post-Intelligencer Camp Article". http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/camp19.shtml. Retrieved 2-7-2009. [dead link]
- ^ Bill Snyder. "Letters to the Editor". http://digitalnewspapers.libraries.psu.edu/Default/Skins/BasicArch/Client.asp?Skin=BasicArch&&AppName=2&enter=true&BaseHref=DCG/1977/11/09&EntityId=Ar00200. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Pierre Perrone (April 23, 2008). "The Independent". London. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/eric-burdon--war-royal-albert-hall-london-813986.html?r=RSS. Retrieved 2-7-2009.
- ^ Jeff Johnson. "Chicago Sun-Times - Oskar Keeps blowin’ his harp". http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1640797.html. Retrieved 2-6-2009.
- ^ Eleanor Momberg. "The Sunday Independent". http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-172014503.html. Retrieved 2-8-2009.
- ^ Maple Blues Magazine. "Loose Blues news". http://www.torontobluessociety.com/0803lbn.htm. Retrieved 2-8-2009.
- ^ Dave Hoekstra. "Chicago Sun-Times – Wells laid to rest". http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4432879.html. Retrieved 2-8-2009. "Wells' nephew, Michael Blakemore, had placed inside the casket, along with a tray of Lee Oskar harmonicas"
External links[link]
- http://www.leeoskar.com Lee Oskar Harmonica Company official website
- http://www.leeoskarproductions.com/ Lee Oskar Production Company official website
- Lee Oskar at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Oskar, Lee |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Danish harmonica player |
| Date of birth | March 24, 1948 |
| Place of birth | Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lee_Oskar
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Lee Oskar
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Oskar
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jesse Fuller | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1896-03-12)March 12, 1896 Jonesboro, Georgia, United States |
| Died | January 29, 1976(1976-01-29) (aged 79) Oakland, California, United States |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupations | Musician, singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals, harmonica, kazoo, cymbal, fotdella |
| Years active | Early 1950s–1976 |
| Labels | Good Time Jazz, Arhoolie, various |
Jesse Fuller (March 12, 1896 — January 29, 1976) was an American one-man band musician, best known for his song "San Francisco Bay Blues".[1][2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Fuller was born in Jonesboro, Georgia, near Atlanta. He was sent by his mother to live with foster parents when he was a young child, in a rural setting where he was badly mistreated. Growing up, he worked a multitude of jobs: grazing cows for ten cents a day, working in a barrel factory, a broom factory, a rock quarry, on a railroad and a streetcar company, shining shoes, and even peddling hand-carved wooden snakes.[3]
He came west and in the 1920s worked briefly as a film extra in The Thief of Bagdad and East of Suez. Eventually he settled in Oakland, California, across the bay from San Francisco, where he worked for the Southern Pacific railroad. During World War II, he worked as a shipyard welder, but when the war ended he found it increasingly difficult to find work. Around the early 1950s, Fuller's thoughts turned toward the possibility of making a living playing music.
Start of career[link]
Up to this point, Fuller had never worked professionally as a musician, but had certainly been exposed to music, and had learned to play guitar and picked up quite a number of songs: country blues, work songs, ballads, spirituals and instrumentals. And he had carried his guitar with him and played for money by passing the hat. When he decided to try to work as a professional, he found it hard to find other musicians to work with: thus his one-man band act was born.
Starting locally, in clubs and bars in San Francisco and across the bay in Oakland and Berkeley, Fuller became more widely known when he performed on television in both the Bay Area and Los Angeles, and in 1958 his recording career started with his first album on the Good Time Jazz record label.[3] Fuller's instruments included 12-string guitar, harmonica, kazoo, cymbal (high-hat) and fotdella, several of which could be played simultaneously, particularly with the use of a head-piece to hold the harmonica and kazoo, often at the same time.
Much later, the Grateful Dead covered a few of Fuller's songs, including "The Monkey and the Engineer" and "Beat It on Down the Line". Others who have covered his work include Hot Tuna, Peter, Paul and Mary, Glenn Yarbrough, Eric Clapton, Paul McCartney, and Bob Dylan, on his debut in 1962.[4]
The fotdella[link]
The fotdella was a musical instrument of Fuller's own creation and construction. As a one-man band, the problem was how to supply a more substantial accompaniment than the typical high-hat (cymbal) or bass drum used by street musicians. Fuller's solution was the fotdella. It was a foot-operated percussion bass, consisting of a large upright wood box, shaped like the top of a double bass. Attached to a short neck at the top of this box were six bass strings, stretched over the body. And finally, there was the means to play those strings: six foot pedals, each connected to a padded hammer which struck the string, in a homemade wooden contraption.[5]
The six notes of the fotdella allowed him to play a bass line in several keys, though he occasionally would play without it if a song exceeded its limited range.[5]
The name was coined by his wife, who took to calling the instrument a "foot-diller" (as in a "killer-diller" instrument played with the foot), which was shortened to fotdella.
Death[link]
Fuller died in January 1976 in Oakland, California, from heart disease.[4] He was 79 years of age. He was interred at Evergreen Cemetery in Oakland.[6]
See also[link]
- One-man band
- List of blues musicians
- List of Country blues musicians
- List of Blues revival musicians
- List of Country blues musicians
- San Francisco Bay Blues
- List of guitarists by genre
- List of harmonicists
References[link]
- ^ Peter Siegel, liner notes to Friends of Old Time Music (Smithsonian Folkways, SFW40160) (link)
- ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. p. 112. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
- ^ a b Jesse Fuller: San Francisco Bay Blues, Good Time Jazz S10051, liner notes by Lester Koenig, October 19, 1963)
- ^ a b Thedeadrockstarsclub.com - accessed November 2009
- ^ a b Van Ronk, Dave and Wood, Elijah. The Mayor of Macdougal Street, ISBN 978-0-306-81479-2
- ^ Findagrave.com
External links[link]
- Elijah Wald's article on Jesse Fuller
- A biography
- A 1971 KRON-TV documentary film about Jesse Fuller
- Illustrated Jesse Fuller discography
- Allmusic
- Youtube video of Jesse Fuller playing "San Francisco Bay Blues"
- Jesse Fuller at the Internet Movie Database
- Jesse Fuller at Find a Grave
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fuller, Jesse |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American one-man band musician |
| Date of birth | March 12, 1896 |
| Place of birth | Jonesboro, Georgia, United States |
| Date of death | January 29, 1976 |
| Place of death | Oakland, California, United States |
http://wn.com/Jesse_Fuller
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Jesse Fuller
http://pt.wn.com/Jesse Fuller
http://de.wn.com/Jesse Fuller
http://it.wn.com/Jesse Fuller
http://es.wn.com/Jesse Fuller
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Fuller
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Eva Cassidy | |
|---|---|
| File:Eva the the piano.jpg | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Eva Marie Cassidy |
| Born | (1963-02-02)February 2, 1963 Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Origin | Maryland, United States |
| Died | November 2, 1996(1996-11-02) (aged 33) Bowie, Maryland, U.S. |
| Genres | Soul, Jazz, Blues, Folk, Gospel and Pop |
| Occupations | Landscaper, Painter, Singer, Guitarist |
| Instruments | Vocals, Guitar, Electric Guitar, Piano |
| Years active | 1981–1996 |
| Labels | Liaison (U.S.) Blix Street (U.S.) Hot (Europe) |
| Associated acts | Chuck Brown, Katie Melua |
| Website | www.evacassidy.org |
Eva Marie Cassidy (February 2, 1963 – November 2, 1996) was an American vocalist known for her interpretations of jazz, blues, folk, gospel, country and pop classics. In 1992 she released her first album, The Other Side, a set of duets with go-go musician Chuck Brown, followed by a live solo album, Live at Blues Alley in 1996. Although she had been honored by the Washington Area Music Association, she was virtually unknown outside her native Washington, D.C., when she died of melanoma (skin cancer) in 1996.
Four years later, Cassidy's music was brought to the attention of British audiences when her version of "Over the Rainbow" was played by Terry Wogan on BBC Radio 2. Following the overwhelming response, a camcorder recording of "Over the Rainbow", taken at Blues Alley in Washington, was shown on BBC Two's Top of the Pops 2. Shortly afterwards, the compilation album Songbird climbed to the top of the UK Albums Charts, almost three years after its initial release. The chart success in the United Kingdom and Ireland led to increased recognition worldwide; her posthumously released recordings, including three UK number 1s, have sold more than ten million copies.[1] Her music has also charted top 10 positions in Australia, Germany, Sweden, Norway and Switzerland.[2]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Born on February 2, 1963, at the Washington Hospital Center,[3] Cassidy grew up in Oxon Hill and later Bowie, Maryland, suburbs of Washington, D.C.. She was the third of four children born to Hugh and Barbara Cassidy. Her father, a retired teacher, sculptor, musician, Powerlifter and former army medic, is of Scottish and Irish descent, while her German-born mother was a horticulturist.[2][4][5] From an early age, Cassidy displayed interest in art and music. When she was nine, her father taught her to play the guitar and she began to play and sing at family gatherings.[4]
At age 11, Cassidy began singing and playing guitar in a Washington area band called Easy Street.[6] This band performed in a variety of styles at weddings, corporate parties and pubs. Due to her shyness, she struggled with performing in front of strangers. While a student at Bowie High School, she sang with a local band called Stonehenge.[4] During the summer of 1983, Cassidy sang and played guitar six days a week at the theme park Wild World.[4] Her younger brother Dan, a fiddler, was also a member of this working band. She enrolled in art classes at a community college but dropped out after finding them unhelpful.[7]
Throughout the 1980s, Cassidy worked with several other bands, including the techno-pop band Characters Without Names. During this period, Cassidy also worked as a propagator at a plant nursery and as a furniture painter. In her free time, she explored other artistic expressions including painting, sculpting and jewelry design.[7] Despite holding a belief in God, Cassidy was not part of any organized religion.[8]
Music career[link]
In 1986, Cassidy was asked by Stonehenge guitarist and high school friend, David Lourim, to lend her voice to his music project, Method Actor.[9] This brought her to Black Pond Studios, where she met bassist and recording engineer Chris Biondo. Biondo helped her find work as a session singer and later introduced her to Al Dale, who would become her manager. She sang back-ups for various acts, from go-go rhythm and blues band Experience Unlimited to rapper E-40.[10] Biondo and Cassidy, who were in a romantic relationship for a time, formed the five-piece "Eva Cassidy Band" with Lenny Williams, Keith Grimes and Raice McLeod in 1990. They began to perform frequently in the Washington area.[4]
 |
One of the changes Cassidy made to "Over the Rainbow" includes singing the opening word "somewhere" on the same high A flat, rather than with an octave jump of the Judy Garland version.
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
|
|
|
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
In 1992, Biondo played a tape of Cassidy's voice for Chuck Brown, the "Godfather of go-go".[11] It resulted in the duet album The Other Side featuring performances of classic songs such as "Fever", "God Bless the Child," and what would later become Cassidy's signature song, "Over the Rainbow". The album was released and distributed in 1992 by Liaison Records, the label that also released Brown's Go-go albums. Brown originally intended to record a single duet with Cassidy for his next solo album, but this was postponed due to ongoing negotiations between Dale and other labels for a solo deal.[10][12] Cassidy's unwillingness to narrow her stylistic focus to one genre hindered her chances of securing a deal.[13][14] After talks broke down, the two decided to record their own duet album. As a duo, they performed at the Columbia Arts Festival and opened for acts like Al Green and The Neville Brothers.[10]
In 1993, Cassidy was honored by the Washington Area Music Association with a Wammie award for the Vocalist Jazz/Traditional category.[15] The next year she was invited to perform at the event and chose to sing "Over the Rainbow". A Washington Times review of the event called her performance "a show-stopper".[16] She took home two Wammies that night, again for Vocalist Jazz/Traditional and also for Roots Rock/Traditional R&B.[15] For a brief period that year, Cassidy signed a deal with Blue Note Records to pair up with pop-jazz band Pieces of a Dream to release an album and tour the country. She sang two tracks in a mainly instrumental album. It was a musically unsatisfying experience for her.[10]
After having a potential contract with Apollo Records collapse when the label went bankrupt, Biondo and Dale decided that she should release her own live album.[10] In January 1996, the material for Live at Blues Alley was recorded over a two-day period at Blues Alley, Washington, D.C. Due to a technical glitch on the first night of recording,[17] only the second night's recording was usable. Unhappy with the way she sounded due to a cold, she was reluctant to release the album. She eventually relented, on the condition that the studio track "Oh, Had I a Golden Thread", Cassidy's favorite song,[18] would be included in the release, and that they start working on a follow-up studio album.[7][10] Her apprehension appeared unfounded as local reviewers and the public responded positively.[7] The Washington Post commented that "she could sing anything — folk, blues, pop, jazz, R&B, gospel — and make it sound like it was the only music that mattered."[11] The subsequent studio album she worked on was released as Eva by Heart posthumously in 1997. In the liner notes of Eva by Heart, critic Joel E. Siegel described Cassidy as "one of the greatest voices of her generation."[7]
Death[link]
In 1993, Cassidy had a malignant mole removed from her back. Three years later, during a promotional event for the Live at Blues Alley album in July 1996, Cassidy noticed an ache in her hips, which she attributed to stiffness from painting murals while perched atop a stepladder.[11] The pain persisted and a few weeks later, X-rays revealed that the melanoma had spread to her lungs and bones. Her doctors estimated she had three to five months to live. Cassidy opted for aggressive treatment, but her health deteriorated rapidly. In the early fall, at a benefit concert for her at the Bayou, she made her final public appearance, closing the set with "What a Wonderful World" in front of an audience of friends, fans and family. Additional chemotherapy was uneffective, and within six weeks she had died.[2][11][19]
Cassidy died on November 2, 1996, at her family home in Bowie, Maryland. She was 33. In accordance with her wishes, her body was cremated and the ashes were scattered on the lake shores of St. Mary's River Watershed Park, a nature reserve near Callaway, Maryland.[2]
Posthumous recognition[link]
After Cassidy's death, local folk singer Grace Griffith introduced the Blues Alley recording to Bill Straw from her label, Blix Street Records.[19] Straw approached the Cassidy family to put together a new album. In 1998, a compilation of tracks from Cassidy's three released recordings was assembled into the CD Songbird. This CD lingered in relative obscurity for two years until being given airplay by Terry Wogan on his wide-reaching BBC Radio 2 show Wake Up to Wogan, following recommendation by his producer Paul Walters. The album sold more than 100,000 copies in the following months.[2] The New York Times spoke of her "silken soprano voice with a wide and seemingly effortless range, unerring pitch and a gift for phrasing that at times was heart-stoppingly eloquent."[19]
Before Christmas of 2000, Top Of The Pops 2 aired a video of Cassidy performing "Over the Rainbow", which resulted in Songbird climbing steadily up the UK charts over the next few weeks. Just as ITV's Tonight with Trevor McDonald aired a feature on Cassidy, the album topped the chart.[20] Shot at Blues Alley by a friend with a camcorder the same night the album was recorded,[2] the video became the most requested video ever shown on Top Of The Pops 2.[21] "There's an undeniable emotional appeal in hearing an artist who you know died in obscurity singing a song about hope and a mystical world beyond everyday life", wrote The Guardian.[22]
File:Top of the pops 2 eva cassidy.jpg
The camcorder recording of "Over the Rainbow" as shown on Top of the Pops 2
Paul McCartney and Eric Clapton were among her new-found fans. Jazz critic Ted Gioia writes, "you might be tempted to write off the 'Cassidy sensation' [...] as a response to the sad story of the singer's abbreviated life rather than as a measure of her artistry. But don't be mistaken, Cassidy was a huge talent, whose obscurity during her lifetime was almost as much a tragedy as her early death."[23] Songbird has since achieved significant chart success throughout Europe and six times platinum status in the UK.[2][24] Although still relatively unknown in the United States at that time, the album would eventually be certified gold in the U.S. as well.[25]
In May 2001, ABC's Nightline in the United States broadcast a well-received short documentary about Cassidy.[26] Over the weekend, all five of Cassidy's albums occupied Amazon.com's best sellers list top spots.[27] The Nightline episode has since been rebroadcast three times due to popular demand.[28] Producer Leroy Sievers has said that it is "probably the most popular Nightline ever".[29] In December, a nine-minute segment on NPR resulted in a similar sales surge, with five of the top seven spots going to Cassidy.[4] A rebroadcast of the Tonight with Trevor McDonald feature on Cassidy in Britain also bumped up sales.[4][30]
Since Songbird, several other CDs with original material have been released: Time After Time (2000), Imagine (2002) and American Tune (2003). 2008 saw the release of another new album titled Somewhere. Unlike previous albums, which consisted solely of cover songs, this release contains two original songs co-written by Cassidy. An acoustic album titled Simply Eva was released in January 2011.
Together with word of mouth and internet fansites, online commerce has played a big role in Cassidy's success.[31][32] This point was further affirmed when in 2005, Amazon.com released a list of its top 25 best-selling musicians, which placed Cassidy in fifth position, behind The Beatles, U2, Norah Jones and Diana Krall,[33] and far ahead of Elvis Presley and several other well-known stars.[34]
In 2004, during the gala opening of the Bowie Center for the Performing Arts, the Bowie Regional Arts Vision Association, Inc. (BRAVA) dedicated the Star's Dressing Room to Eva. Following a moving tribute to Eva, Chuck Brown took the stage and performed his duet "with" Eva as her photos and video appeared in the background.
Unofficial recordings[link]
File:Eva Cassidy - Method Actor.jpg
The re-released Method Actor album cover, showing Cassidy's prominent name placement, which resulted in the lawsuit. The original LP cover contained the same artwork, which was done by Cassidy
A collection of previously unreleased studio recordings from 1987 to 1991, was released in 2000 as No Boundaries. This release was not endorsed by the Cassidy family[2] and was released under a different label. An allmusic review of the album stated that even "a gifted vocalist like Eva Cassidy can only do so much with bad material".[35] In 2002, the self titled 1988 album by the band Method Actor, which featured Cassidy, was re-released by the band's guitarist and producer David Lourim with Cassidy's name displayed prominently on the cover. The Cassidy family and Blix Street Records filed a lawsuit against Lourim, claiming that Cassidy's name was used in a misleading fashion and that Blix Street has exclusive rights to her recordings.[36] Lourim had Cassidy's written permission to release the album and eventually the cover was changed to look like the original LP album while already released copies were affixed with a sticker indicating that they are not solo Eva Cassidy albums.[37][38]
A bootleg recording which has been in circulation is called Live at Pearl's. It was recorded at Pearl's Restaurant in Annapolis, Maryland in 1994. Copies of the recording were circulated among friends and families after her death. Some of the songs on the recording are also on Imagine and American Tune.[39] Another recording, featuring Mick Fleetwood on drums and recorded at his restaurant in Alexandria, Virginia called Fleetwood's in the early 1990s, was in the possession of Niki Lee - the former wife of pianist Lenny Williams - who discovered it in her garage and attempted to sell it on eBay in 2008.[40]
In popular media[link]
In 2001, a book titled Songbird: Eva Cassidy: Her Story By Those Who Knew Her, on the life and work of Cassidy based on interviews with close family and associates was released in the UK. The hardcover edition has since sold in excess of 100,000 copies. A U.S. edition published by Gotham Books was released in late 2003 and includes two additional chapters on her influences and success in the US. Her life story has also been adapted into a musical[41] and also a Broadway piece for cancer benefit.[42]
At the 2002 Winter Olympics gala, and later on tour, figure skater Michelle Kwan brought Cassidy's music to a new audience when she skated to a recording of "Fields of Gold". Kwan's part in exposing the music of Cassidy to the international and American public led Cassidy's label to present her a gold record from the certification of Songbird.[43] Subsequently, other figure skaters such as Kristi Yamaguchi, Sarah Hughes and Kimmie Meissner have used Cassidy's music in their routines.
Anglo-Georgian singer Katie Melua is a keen fan of Cassidy.[44] Her debut album "Call Off the Search" contained the song "Faraway Voice", written in Cassidy's memory.[44] Melua has also performed Cassidy's arrangement of "Anniversary Song" in concert.[44] On Christmas Eve 2006, she performed alongside video footage of Cassidy singing Over The Rainbow on BBC One's "Duet Impossible".[45] One year later, Cassidy's "What A Wonderful World" was spliced together with new vocals by Melua and released as a single exclusively at the British retail chain Tesco. It debuted at #1 on the UK Singles chart on December 16. All profits from the single went to the British Red Cross.[46] Irish singer Chris de Burgh has stated that his song "Songbird" from his album The Road to Freedom was written in honour of Cassidy. Singer Mary Chapin Carpenter made reference to Cassidy in the song "My Heaven" on the album Between Here and Gone: "More memories than my heart can hold, when Eva's singing 'Fields of Gold'."
In 2008, Cassidy's recording of "Autumn Leaves" was used by the Canadian National Professional Latin Champions, Andre and Natalie Paramonov, when they competed in America's Ballroom Challenge as finalists in the International Latin Competition.
The first film to feature an Eva Cassidy recording was Flight of Fancy starring Dean Cain. Since then her music has appeared in various film and TV series including the Dawson's Creek season four episode titled "The Graduate," Judging Amy, Joe Somebody, Love Actually, Maid in Manhattan, The Man From Elysian Fields, Alpha Dog and Smallville. Cassidy's arrangement of "Over the Rainbow" is a popular cover choice by singing competition contestants, with American Idol season 5 runner-up Katharine McPhee and The X Factor season 3 winner Leona Lewis among the singers. Her interpretation of "Imagine" has been performed by American Idol season 7 runner-up David Archuleta.
In March 2012, Sweden's Caroline Larsson and Bengt Magnusson released an album entitled A Tribute to Eva Cassidy.
Possibility of future film[link]
In late 2007, AIR Productions acquired the rights to produce a film based on Cassidy's life.[47] It is being produced by Amy Redford (daughter of Robert Redford), Irwin Shapiro and Rick Singer.[48] In an interview a year earlier, Cassidy's parents suggested Kirsten Dunst or Emily Watson as possible actresses who could play their daughter.[49]
A documentary on the life, art and music of Cassidy entitled Eva's Song is expected to be in theaters February 2013.[50]
Discography[link]
Main article: Eva Cassidy discography
Albums[link]
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Other Side | 1992 | Liaison | Chuck Brown with Eva Cassidy. |
| Live at Blues Alley | 1997 | Blix Street | Originally self-released under Eva Music in 1996. |
| Eva by Heart | Blix Street/Hot | Originally released under Liaison Records. Cassidy's only solo studio album. | |
| Songbird | 1998 | Compilation. UK #1, US (Pop Catalog) #1 | |
| Time After Time | 2000 | ||
| No Boundaries | Renata/Brunswick | ||
| Method Actor | 2002 | Blp | Reissue of a 1988 LP. |
| Imagine | Blix Street/Hot | UK #1 | |
| American Tune | 2003 | ||
| Wonderful World | 2004 | Compilation. | |
| Somewhere | 2008 | UK #4 | |
| Simply Eva | 2011 | Blix Street |
Singles[link]
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Over the Rainbow" | 2001 | UK #42 - Appeared in the charts between April and August 2001 | |
| "Take My Breath Away" | 2003 | UK #54 | |
| "What a Wonderful World" | 2007 | Dramatico | Posthumous duet with Katie Melua. UK #1 |
| "Songbird" | 2009 | UK #56 |
Bootleg[link]
| Title | Release date | Label | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Live at Pearl's | 1994 | - | bootleg recording taped at Pearl's Restaurant in Annapolis, Maryland.[39] Tracklist |
Videography[link]
| Title | Release date | Format | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eva Cassidy Sings | 2004 | PAL DVD (Region 2 and Region 4) |
References[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Blix Stree Records Celebrates 10th Anniversary of Eva Cassidy's 'Songbird' CD Reaching number 1 on U.K. Music Chart with Gold Certification of New 'Simply Eva' Acoustic CD". AltSounds. http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/127691-blix-street-records-celebrates-10th-anniversary-of-eva-cassidys-songbird.html. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Afterlife of Eva Cassidy (PDF) Dorian Lynske, Word Magazine, 2003. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Burley et al. p.13.
- ^ a b c d e f g Songbird Sherri Dalphonse, Washingtonian, May 1, 2001. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Burley et al. p.12.
- ^ Burley et al. p.54–56.
- ^ a b c d e Liner notes Joel E. Siegel, Eva by Heart. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Burley et al. p.165.
- ^ Burley et al. p.64.
- ^ a b c d e f When Chuck Met Eva Jefferson Morley, The Washington Post, March 8, 1998. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c d Echoes of a Voice Stilled Too Early Richard Harrington, The Washington Post, November 17, 1996. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Side by Side Alona Wartofsky, Washington City Paper, November 20, 1992. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Over the Rainbow Jeff Chu, Time, April 9, 2001. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Eva Cassidy's Gift Joan Anderman, Boston Globe, January 31, 1999. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ a b Wammie Winners Washington Area Music Association. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Wammies honor area musicians. Washington Times. November 9, 1994.
- ^ Eva Cassidy: "Oh, Had I a Golden Thread" evacassidy.org. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ According to the liner notes of the "Live at Blues Alley" CD:"* this wasn't in the live show but it is my favorite song..."
- ^ a b c Ward, Alex (August 12, 2002). "In Death, A Shy Singer Finally Grabs The Spotlight; CD's Carry Eva Cassidy's Voice a Wider Audience,". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A05EEDC133AF931A2575BC0A9649C8B63. Retrieved 03-06-2008.
- ^ Burley et al. p.155.
- ^ Eva Cassidy's producer Chris Biondo talks to Toby Foster BBC Radio, July 2002. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Albums from the crypt The Guardian, November 1, 2002. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Eva Cassidy: Autumn Leaves Ted Gioia, Jazz.com
- ^ "Cassidy album six-times platinum". The Press Association. Nov 2, 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5il3LVBbCLE_tMQtpQ6zndog-qt-g. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
- ^ RIAA Gives Thanks For Strong Gold and Platinum Numbers In November RIAA News Room. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Nightline Daily Email: 7/2 Leroy Sievers. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ 'Nightline' Boosts Cassidy Bill Holland, Billboard Bulletin, May 30, 2001. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Rebroadcast on July 4, 2001 [1], August 15, 2002 [2] and January 1, 2004 [3]
- ^ Nightline Daily E-Mail: January 2, 2004, Leroy Sievers and the Nightline Staff, January 2, 2004
- ^ The Official UK Albums Chart Top 75 Music Week, August 25, 2001. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Internet fuels singer's posthumous success. The Deseret News, March 11, 2001.
- ^ Keeping the flame Mike Anderiesz, The Guardian, April 4, 2002. Retrieved on March 14, 2008.
- ^ Amazon.com Inducts 25 Musicians into Hall of Fame Business Wire, July 11, 2005. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Online, Eva Cassidy Trumps Elvis Joel Topcik, New York Times, July 24, 2004. Retrieved on March 14, 2008.
- ^ Review of No Boundaries William Cooper, allmusic. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Hugh Cassidy, et al. v. David Lourim, et al. (PDF) United States district court for the district of Maryland. Retrieved on March 6, 2008. Archived February 27, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Method Actor evacassidy.org. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ "Lawyer disqualified from continuing to represent Blix Street Records in suit over right to distribute early Eva Cassidy album, over objections of Cassidy's parents who were lawyer's clients too when lawsuit was filed, but now want to settle case even though Blix Street does not". Entertainment Law Reporter. October 2004.
- ^ a b Q and A Evacassidy.org.
- ^ Selling Eva Cassidy by the Pound Dave McKenna, Washingtoncitypaper.com. Jun. 4, 2008
- ^ Musical charts life of songstress Eva Cassidy Grantham Journal, March 13, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2008
- ^ Eva Cassidy Remembered Broadwayworld.com, January 26, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2008
- ^ Blix Street Records Presents Kwan with Gold Record for Cassidy's 'Songbird' Album Press release. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ a b c Review: Katie Melua in concert Neil Smith, BBC News Online, March 17, 2004. Retrieved March 17, 2008.
- ^ BBC Duet Impossible steve-smith.tv. Retrieved on March 18, 2008[dead link]
- ^ Melua duet headed for number one BBC News, December 12, 2007. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Sheboygan native receives leadership award Warren Gerds, Green Bay Press-Gazette, November 25, 2007. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ Eva Cassidy biopic in the works., Michael Fleming, Variety, December 7, 2007. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Local Singer's Career Takes Off After Death, Eva Cassidy's Story To Be Told In Hollywood nbc4.com, November 2, 2006. Retrieved on March 6, 2008.
- ^ Gus Russo. "Exciting news for all Eva Cassidy fans". http://www.oaksite.co.uk/eva%20song.html. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Books[link]
- Rob Burley; Jonathan Maitland, Elana Rhodes Byrd (2003). Eva Cassidy: Songbird: Her Story by Those Who Knew Her. Gotham Books. ISBN 978-1-59240-035-5.
- Johan Bakker; Behind the Rainbow, the tragic life of Eva Cassidy (2012) Omnibus Press, 207 pages, ISBN 978-1-78038-231-9
External links[link]
- Eva Cassidy website maintained by her cousin, Laura Claire Bligh
- Eva Cassidy Artwork website
- Evasongs recordings information
- Eva Cassidy at the All Music Guide
- Eva Cassidy on ABC Nightline
- Eva Cassidy Feature on ABC Nightline
- Eva Cassidy: Songbird: Her Story by Those Who Knew Her at Google Book Search
- Over the Rainbow on YouTube – Eva plays live, recorded on a friend's video camera — became the most requested video ever shown on Top Of The Pops 2.
- Tears in Heaven on YouTube - Mary Ann Redmond & Eva Cassidy singing Eric Clapton's "Tears in Heaven" – From a 1995 performance at Fleetwood's in Alexandria, VA.
- Website Eva Cassidy Biography
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Cassidy, Eva Marie |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American singer |
| Date of birth | February 2, 1963 |
| Place of birth | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Date of death | November 2, 1996 |
| Place of death | Bowie, Maryland, United States |
http://wn.com/Eva_Cassidy
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://cs.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://id.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://es.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://ru.wn.com/Кессиди, Ева
http://nl.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://pt.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://pl.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://fr.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
http://de.wn.com/Eva Cassidy
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Cassidy
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
More Videos
Wiki Summary
San Francisco Bay is a shallow, productive estuary through which water draining from approximately forty percent of California, flowing in the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers from the Sierra Nevada mountains, enters the Pacific Ocean. Specifically, both rivers flow into Suisun Bay, which flows through the Carquinez Strait to meet with the Napa River at the entrance to San Pablo Bay, which connects at its south end to San Francisco Bay. However, the entire group of interconnected bays is often referred to as “San Francisco Bay”.
San Francisco Bay is located in the U.S. state of California, surrounded by a contiguous region known as the San Francisco Bay Area (often simply "the Bay Area"), dominated by the large cities San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose. The waterway entrance to San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean is called the Golden Gate. Across the strait spans the Golden Gate Bridge.
The Bay covers somewhere between 400 and 1,600 square miles (1,040 to 4,160 square kilometers), depending on which sub-bays (such as San Pablo Bay), estuaries, wetlands, and so on are included in the measurement. The main part of the Bay measures 3 to 12 miles (5 to 20 km) wide east-to-west and somewhere between 48 miles (77 km)1 and 60 miles (97 km)2 north-to-south. It is the largest Pacific estuary in the Americas.
