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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
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Arabati Baba Teḱe
The Arabati Baba Teḱe is a tekke located in Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia. The tekke was originally built in 1538 around the türbe of Sersem Ali Baba, an Ottoman dervish. In 1799, a waqf provided by Rexhep Pasha established the current grounds of the tekke.
According to legend, Ali was a vizier to the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who had a dream which inspired him to leave the services of the Sultan and to apply himself to the Sufi path. Upon hearing this, the Sultan replied "If you will be a sersem (fool), then go." Subsequently, Ali became known as Sersem Ali Baba.
Sersem Ali eventually came to settle in Tetovo, then a back-water of the Ottoman Empire, and attracted a following. He attracted a following of like-minded mystics; one of these, Harabati Baba, built a türbe on the site of the current tekke after noticing the presence of a candle, a symbolic image in Bektashi thought, where there had not been one before.
In 2002, a group of armed members of the Islamic Community of Macedonia (ICM), the legally recognized organization which claims to represent all Muslims in Macedonia, invaded the Arabati Baba Tekke in an attempt to reclaim the tekke as a mosque, although the facility has never functioned as such. Subsequently the Bektashi community of Macedonia has sued the Macedonian government for failing to restore the tekke to the Bektashi community, pursuant to a law passed in the early 1990s returning previously nationalized under the Yugoslav government. The law, however, deals with restitution to private citizens, rather than religious communities. The ICM claim to the tekke is based upon their contention to represent all Muslims in Macedonia; and indeed, they are one of two Muslim organizations recognized by the government, both Sunni. The (Shi'i) Bektashi community filed for recognition as a separate religious community with the Macedonian government in 1993, but the Macedonian government has refused to recognize them.
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Behistun Inscription
Coordinates: 34°23′18″N 47°26′12″E / 34.38833°N 47.43667°E / 34.38833; 47.43667
The Behistun Inscription (also Bistun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون < Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran.
Authored by Darius the Great sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC, the inscription begins with a brief autobiography of Darius, including his ancestry and lineage. Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year (ending in December of 521 BC) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire. The inscription states in detail that the rebellions, which had resulted from the deaths of Cyrus the Great and his son Cambyses II, were orchestrated by several impostors and their co-conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom falsely proclaimed kinghood during the upheaval following Cyrus's death.
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Gül Baba
Gül Baba (died 1541), also known as Cafer, was an Ottoman Bektashi dervish poet and companion of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who took part in a number of campaigns in Europe from the reign of Mehmed II onwards.
A native of Merzifon (Marsiwān, in the vilāyet of Sivas, Anatolia), he was the son of Kutb’ül Arifin Veli’üddin İbn Yalınkılıç. In Hungary, Gül Baba is known as the "Father of Roses," indeed, that is what his names means in Turkish, and is said to have introduced the flower to the country. However, this is likely a misunderstanding of the metaphorical use of the term which referred to the dervish's status derived from his deep mystical knowledge of Allah. Roses, wild and domesticated, were already in Hungary by the time of the Ottoman invasion. The name could also be a corruption of Kel Baba, meaning "Bald Father".
Gül Baba is thought to have died in Buda during the first Muslim religious ceremony held after the Ottoman victory of 1541, or alternatively to have been killed during fighting below the walls of the city on August 21, 1541. Suleiman, who was also Caliph, declared him patron saint of the city and is reputed to have been one of the coffin bearers. Gül Baba's descendants are the Marzioglu family, some of whom were the pashas of the Trebizond Vilayet.
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Herat
Herāt (Persian / Pashto: هرات) is the capital of Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of about 397,456 as of 2006. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan. The city is linked with Kandahar and Mazar-e-Sharif via highway 1 or the ring road that stretches across the country. It is also linked to the city of Mashad in Iran through the border town of Islam Qala.
Situated in a fertile area, Herāt dates back to the Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine. The city has a number of historic sites, including the Citadel of Alexander and the Mosallah Complex. During the Middle Ages Herāt became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the pearl of Khorasan. It was made independent in 1717 from the Safavid dynasty by the Afghans until 1736 when the Hotaki dynasty was defeated by the Afsharids, which finally became part of the Durrani Empire in 1747. It saw some actions during the 19th century Anglo-Afghan wars. Much of the city has been spared from destructions that occurred in other cities of Afghanistan during the 1978-present wars.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia (
/ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Samarkand
Coordinates: 39°39′15″N 66°57′35″E / 39.65417°N 66.95972°E / 39.65417; 66.95972
Samarkand (Tajik: Самарқанд; Persian: سمرقند; Uzbek: Samarqand; from Sogdian: "Stone Fort" or "Rock Town") is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane) and is the site of his mausoleum (the Gur-e Amir). The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. The Registan was the ancient center of the city.
In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.
The city was known by an abbreviated name of Marakanda when Alexander the Great took it in 332BC. There are various theories of how Marakanda evolved into Samarkanda/Samarkan. One derives the name from the Old Persian asmara, "stone", "rock", and Sogdian kand, "fort", "town". Others less convincingly derive the name from the old Turkic "Semiz-Kent" meaning "Rich City".[citation needed]. Since the name Marakanda was already in existence 2300 years ago and long before anyone had heard of Turks in that region of Transoxiana, this version is likely a folk etymology.
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Tajikistan
Tajikistan (i/tɑːˈdʒiːkɨstɑːn/, /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/, or /tæˈdʒiːkiːstæn/; Тоҷикистон [ˈtɔjikɪsˈtɔn]), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Cumhuriyi Tocikiston; Persian: جمهوری تاجیکستان Jomhuri-ye Tajikestan; Russian: Республика Таджикистан, Respublika Tadzhikistan), is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. It borders Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Gilgit Baltistan as well as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan are separated from Tajikistan by the narrow Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan in the south.
Most of Tajikistan's population belongs to the Persian-speaking Tajik ethnic group, who share language, culture and history with Afghanistan and Iran. Once part of the Samanid Empire, Tajikistan became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in the 20th century, known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (Tajik SSR). Mountains cover over 90% of this Central Asian republic.
After independence, Tajikistan suffered from a devastating civil war which lasted from 1992 to 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. Trade in commodities such as cotton, aluminium and uranium has contributed greatly to this steady improvement.
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Abbas Kiarostami
Abbas Kiarostami (Persian: عباس کیارستمی Abbās Kiyārostamī; born 22 June 1940) is an internationally acclaimed Iranian film director, screenwriter, photographer and film producer. An active filmmaker since 1970, Kiarostami has been involved in over forty films, including shorts and documentaries. Kiarostami attained critical acclaim for directing the Koker Trilogy (1987–94), Taste of Cherry (1997), and The Wind Will Carry Us (1999).
Kiarostami has worked extensively as a screenwriter, film editor, art director and producer and has designed credit titles and publicity material. He is also a poet, photographer, painter, illustrator, and graphic designer. He is part of a generation of filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave, a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and includes pioneering directors such as Forough Farrokhzad, Sohrab Shahid Saless, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Bahram Beizai, and Parviz Kimiavi. These filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialogue and allegorical storytelling dealing with political and philosophical issues.
wn.com/Abbas_Kiarostami -
Abbas Maroufi
Abbas Maroufi (Persian: عباس معروفی, born May 17, 1957 in Tehran) is an Iranian novelist and journalist. His most famous novel is The Symphony of the Deads.
Raised and educated in Tehran, Abbas Maroufi studied dramatic arts at Tehran University while teaching at schools and writing for the newspapers. He served as the editor in chief of the literary Gardun magazine from 1990 to 1995. His first published work was a collection of short stories entitled Into the Sun. He also wrote a few plays which were performed on stage. In his The Last Superior Generation, he touched on social themes. His last collection of short stories, The Scent of the Jasmine was published in the United States.
Maroufi came to prominence with the publication of The Symphony of the Deads (1989) which is narrated in the form of a symphony. In this novel, Maroufi uses the stream of consciousness technique very effectively. The Year of Turmoil and The Body of Farhad are among his other works. Maroufi is currently living in Germany with his family. Some of his works have been translated in German.
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Abdolreza Kahani
Abdolreza Kahani is an Iranian filmmaker.
In 2009, Kahani's film Twenty won the Special Jury Prize and the Prize of Ecumenical Jury at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. The film observes a small band of employees trying to save a depressed Iranian banquet hall which the owner has decided to close in 20 days.
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Abdul Ali Mustaghni
Abdul Ali Mustaghni (1875-1933) was an Afghani poet. He is one of the most influential poets in modern Persian literature.
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Abolfazl Jalili
Abolfazl Jalili (Persian: ابوالفضل جلیلی , born 1957 in Saveh, Iran) is an internationally acclaimed Iranian (Persian) film director. He belongs to Iranian new wave movement.
Jalili studied directing at the Iranian College of Dramatic Arts, then worked for national television (IRIB) where he produced several children's films. His 'Det' Means Girl (1994) won prizes in Venice film festival and Nantes. He was one of Rotterdam's Film Makers in Focus in 1999.
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Abolqasem Lahouti
Abolqāsem Lahūtī (1887 - 16 March 1957) (Tajik: Абулқосим Лоҳутӣ, Persian: ابوالقاسم لاهوتی), also transliterated as Abulqasim Lahuti and Abulqosim Lohuti, was a Persian poet and political activist who was active in Iran during the Persian Constitutional Revolution and in Tajikistan in the early Soviet era.
Born in Kermanshah to a poet by the name Mirza Ahmad Elhami, his first poem was printed in the newspaper Habal al-Mateen in Calcutta at the age of 18.
He soon entered politics and even received a medal from Sattar Khan for his efforts.
Initially, he went to clerical school, but then went to Bulgaria and wrote many poems on Islam. He then came back to Iran, and enlisted in the armed forces, and graduated as Captain in rank.
After being convicted by a court in Qom to death, he fled to Turkey, but soon returned and joined forces with Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani in Tabriz. His forces defeated Mahmud Khan Puladeen's troops, but were soon disbanded by freshly dispatched forces. He fled to Baku.
While living in Nakhichevan, he became interested in Communism. After marrying a Russian poet by the name Sisil Banu, being unable to initiate a coup d'etat against the central government of Iran, he gave up and moved to USSR where he remained until his final days.
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Abu Bakr Shibli
Shaykh Abu Bakr Shibli (861 - 946) was an important Sufi of Persian descent, and a disciple of Junayd Baghdadi.
He was born in Baghdad or Samarra, although his family was originally from Khorasan in Persia. He was a high official of Baghdad before he embarked on the spiritual path and became a disciple of Junayd Baghdadi. His name is mentioned by the Persian poets Attar, Rumi and Sanai. He was also associated with Hallaj. According to one source, he was in a constant state of jadhb and was finally committed to an asylum. Others assert that he feigned madness.
Attributed to him is the saying: "O people! I go to place beyond which these is no beyond. I go to the south and the north, to a place beyond which is there is no beyond. Everything that I saw after that I could see in one hair of my little finger."
Shibli was imprisoned many times by the Caliph despite his influence and enormous wealth. Shibli went into self-imposed exile and began searching for divinity. Meanwhile, in the Sultanate, the Caliph realised that Shibli had not committed any wrongdoing and a search party was sent out to find him. The ministers were carrying a set of royal robes that the Caliph had sent for Shibli. They offered it to Shibli saying that a decree had been passed reinstating him and that he could return without fear of being prosecuted. Shibli took the robes and wiped his sweating face with them.
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Abu Dawood
Abū Dāwūd Sulaymān ibn al-Ashʿath al-Azdī as-Sijistānī (Persian/Arabic: أبو داود سليمان بن الأشعث الأزدي السجستاني), commonly known as Abū Dāwūd, was a noted Persian collector of prophetic hadith, and compiled the third of the six "canonical" hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims, the Sunan Abī Dāwūd.
He was born in Sistan, in east of Iran, (then Persia) and died in 889 in Basra. Widely traveled among scholars of hadith, he went to Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Hijaz, Khurasan, Nishapur, and Marv among other places in order to collect hadith. He was primarily interested in jurisprudence, and as a result the collection by him focuses largely on legal hadith. Out of about 500,000 hadith, he chose 4,800 for inclusion in his work.
He wrote some 21 books in total. Some of the most prominent are:
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Abu Mansur Maturidi
Muhammad Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (853 AD - 333 AH / 944 AD) (Persian: محمد بن محمد بن محمود أبو منصور ماتریدی سمرقندی حنفی) was an IranianMuslim theologian, and a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence and Qur'anic exegesis. Al Maturidi is one of the pioneers of Islamic Jurisprudence scholars and his two works are considered to be authoritative on the subject. He had a "high standing" among the scholars of his time and region.
He was born in Maturid near Samarkand, (possibly) in 853. He was educated in Islamic theology, Qur'anic exegesis, and Islamic jurisprudence. He was a Muslim theologian and his background is claimed as Tajik. The area of Samarkand was at his time under the Samanid and its urban population were predominately Tajik while the surrounding steppes was largely populated by Turkic-speaking people.
His Teachers were Abu Nasr Ahmed b. Abbas b. Husayin al-Iyazi, Abu Bakr Ahmed b. Ishak b. Salih el-Juzjani (writer from Al-Farq wat Tamyiz),Nusayr b. Yahya al-Balkhi and Qadilqudat Muhammad b. Mukatil ar-Razi. Abu Nasr al-Iyazi was his teacher and friend. Abu Bakr al-Juzjani was the pupil of Abu Sulayman Musa b. Sulayman el-Juzjani, who was the pupil of Imam Abu Yusuf and Imam Muhammad Ash-Shaybani. Muhammad b. Mukatil did learn from Imam Muhammad as-Shaybani too.
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Abu Muslim Khorasani
Abu Muslim Abd Rahman ibn Muslim Khorasani or al-Khurasani (Persian: بهزادان پور ونداد هرمزد Behzādān pour Vandād Hormozd, in Arabic: أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني, c. 700 – 755) was an Abbasid general of Persian origin, who led the first major and organized liberal movement against the Umayyad dynasty.
His original name was Behzadan, prior to his father Vandad Hurmoz's conversion to Islam, who adopted the name of 'Moslem' for himself. His birthplace remains obscure, though the oldest historical reference, the 11th century Al-Mahasin al-Isfahan written by Mafzal Ibn-Sa'd Maforukhi Esfahani, claims he was born in the town of Fereidan in the central Iranian province of Isfahan. It is also claimed he was born in the village of Sanjerd or Makhowan near the city of Merv in what is now Turkmenistan.
There was an Arab by the name Sharik ibn Shaikh al-Mahri in Bukhara, who wanted to spread Shia Islam firmly and oppose anyone against him. Soon, he got the support of several local rulers and many local people.
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Abu Saʿīd Gardēzī
Abu Saʿīd Abdul-Hay ibn Dhaḥḥāk ibn Maḥmūd Gardēzī, Gardīzī or Gurdēzī (died c. 1061 CE) (Persian: ابوسعید عبدالحی بن ضحاک بن محمود گردیزی) was a Persian Muslim geographer and historian of the early 11th century from Gardēz (now in Afghanistan) who wrote the book Zayn al-Akhbār. Gardēzī's work, written in Persian, is considered important for the Islamic history of Central Asia and Eastern Persia and Hungary.
Gardīzī took a dispassionate view of history which is fairly remarkable for its time. For example he does not either praise the Ghaznavids nor the coming of the Saljuqs. His style of Persian is simple but mature and provides one of the classical examples of Persian prose-writing. A critical edition was published by ʿAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Tehran, 1347 Š./1968 under the title of "Tarikh-e Gardizi".
Gardīzī told about the territory of Hungarians: "The Hungarians' country is situated between the territory of bulkars and eskils, who date back to the bulkars. (...) Their country reaches the Rum-sea [=Black Sea]. (...) The two rivers, which flow into the Rum-sea, are called Atil [=Volga] and Danube."
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Abū Ḥanīfa
Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zūṭā ibn Marzubān (Persian:نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان), better known as Imām Abū Ḥanīfah, (699 — 767 CE / 80 — 148 AH) was the founder of the Sunni Hanafi school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).
Abū Ḥanīfah is regarded by some as one of the Tabi‘un, the generation after the Sahaba, who were the companions of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. This is based on reports that he saw the Sahabi Anas ibn Malik, with some even reporting that he transmitted Hadith from him and other companions of Muhammad. Others take the view that Abū Ḥanīfah only saw around half a dozen companions, possibly at a young age, and did not directly narrate hadith from them. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that he learnt hadith from tabi'een including Ibrahim al Nakha'i.
Imām Abū Ḥanīfah was born in the city of Kufa in Iraq, during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Acclaimed as Al-Imām al-A'zam, or Al-A'dham (the Great Imam), Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mah was better known by his Kunya Abū Ḥanīfah. None of his sons or daughters is reported as having the name "Hanifah," so it was a type of Kuniya like Abu Hurairah or Abu Turaab etc., i.e., an epithetical name meaning "pure in monotheistic belief."
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Adib Sabir
Shihabuddin Sharaful-udaba Sabir, known as Adib Sabir, was a 12th century royal poet of Persia. Originating from Termedh, he was employed in the court of Sultan Sanjar.
He is said to have also been used by the Sultan as a spy against the Sultan's enemies, who eventually drowned him in the Oxus in 1143 AD.
His Persian poetry writings are fluent and refined in style.[citation needed]
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Ahmad ibn Hanbal
Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Hanbal Abu `Abd Allah al-Shaybani (Arabic: احمد بن محمد بن حنبل ابو عبد الله الشيباني) was an important Muslim scholar and theologian. He is considered the founder of the Hanbali school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Imam Ahmad is one of the most celebrated Sunni theologians, often referred to as "Sheikh ul-Islam" or the "Imam of Ahl al-Sunnah," honorifics given to the most esteemed doctrinal authorities in the Sunni tradition. Imam Ahmad personified the theological views of the early orthodox scholars, including the founders of the other extant schools of Sunni fiqh, Imam Abu Hanifa, Imam Malik ibn Anas, and Imam ash-Shafi`i.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal's family was originally from Basra, Iraq, and belonged to the Arab Banu Shayban tribe. His father was an officer in the Abbasid army in Khorasan and later settled with his family in Baghdad, where Ahmad was born in 780 CE.
Ibn Hanbal had two wives and several children, including an older son, who later became a judge in Isfahan.
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Ahmad Mahmoud
Ahmad Mahmoud (Persian: احمد محمود, December 25, 1931 Ahvaz, Iran – October 4, 2002 in Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian novelist.
In his youth he worked as a day laborer, driver, construction worker and suffered imprisonment for leftist political views and oppositionist activities. His first story appeared in Omid-e Iran magazine, and in 1959 Mahmoud began publishing collections of stories with Mul (The Paramour).
Other collections followed: Darya Hanuz Aram Ast (The Sea Is Still Calm) 1960, Bihudegi (Uselessness) 1962, Za'eri Zir-e Baran (A Pilgrim In The Rain) 1968, Pesarak-e Boumi (The Little Native Boy) 1971, and Gharibeh'ha (The Strangers) 1972. Modern Persian Short Stories (1980) features a translation of his 1969 story "Az Deltangi" (On Homesickness) from A Pilgrim In The Rain. Hamsayeha (The Neighbors) appeared in 1974 and gave him immediate status as a novelist.
Dastan-e Yek Shahr (Story Of One City) was published in 1981. Zamin-e Sukhteh (The Scorched Earth) was published in the spring of 1982 in a limited 11,000 copies, with a second printing a year later of 22,000 copies. The three novels are a continuing saga set in Khuzistan during three important periods: The days of nationalization of oil in 1951, the aftermath of the coup d'état which brought the Shah back to the throne in late August 1953, and Iraq's invasion of Iran in 1980.
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Ahmad Sirhindi
Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī (1564–1624) was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium", for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing the heterodoxies prevalent in the time of Mughal Emperor Akbar. He is said to have had considerable and longlasting influence in India and to have given "to Indian Islam the rigid and conservative stamp it bears today."
Most of the Naqshbandī suborders today, such as the Mujaddidī, Khālidī, Saifī, Tāhirī, Qasimiya and Haqqānī sub-orders, trace their spiritual lineage through Sirhindi, often referring to themselves as "Naqshbandī-Mujaddidī".
Sirhindi's shrine, known as Rauza Sharif is located in Sirhind, India.
Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi was born after midnight, on 14 Shawwal 971 H. in the village of Sirhind. From an ashraf family claiming descent from caliph Umar, he received most of his early education from his father, Shaykh 'Abd al-Ahad and memorised the Qur'an. He was then sent to Sialkot, at present in Pakistan, where he learned logic, philosophy and theology and read some advanced texts of tafsīr and hadīth before he returned home. Sirhindi also made rapid progress in the Suhrawardī, the Qadirī, and the Chistī turūq, and was given permission to initiate and train followers at the age of 17. He eventually joined the Naqshbandī order through the Sufi missionary Shaykh Muhammad al-Baqī, and became a leading master of this order. His deputies traversed the length and breadth of the Mughal Empire in order to popularize the order and eventually won some favour with the Mughal court.
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Ahmad Zarruq
Ahmed Zarruq (or Sheikh Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmed b Ahmed b Muhammad b Isa al-Barnusi al-Fasi Zarruq) (1442–1493) was a Shadhili Sufi Sheikh and founder of the Zarruqiyye branch of the Shadhili Sufi order (Tariqa). He was born on the 7th June 1442 (846 of the Islamic 'Hijra' calendar) - according to Sheikh Abd Allah Gannun - in a village in the region of Tiliwan, a mountain area of Morocco. He was a contemporary of Muhammad al-Jazuli. He was a Berber of the tribe of the Barnusi who lived in an area between Fes and Taza.
He took the name 'Zarruq' (meaning 'blue') and he studied the traditional Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, Arabic, traditions of the Prophet and wrote extensively on a number of subjects. His most famous works are first of al his Qawa’id al-Tasawwuf (The Principles of Sufism), his commentaries on Maliki jurisprudence and his commentary upon the Hikam of ibn 'Ata Allah.
He travelled East to the Hijaz and to Egypt before taking up residence in Misrata, Libya where he died in 899 (1493).
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Ahmadreza Ahmadi
Ahmadreza Ahmadi (Persian: احمدرضا احمدی) is an Iranian poet and screenwriter.The history of Persian modern poetry calls him as the founder of New Wave Poetry in Iran.
Ahmadreza Ahmadi was born in 1940 in Kerman, Iran. He moved to Tehran in 1948. In Tehran he attended the Adab school and in 1954 entrered Dar ol-Fonoun. Two inidviduals who according to him have been instrumental to his love for literature are his maternal nephew, the writer Abdolrahim Ahmadi, and his teacher at Dar ul-Fonoun, Mr Mohammad Shirvāni.
Ahmadreza Ahmadi's first book of poetry, Tarh (Sketch), was published in 1962. His poetry has its roots in French Surrealism and the American Imagists specially in poets like Saint John Perse, Paul Eluard, Louis Aragon and Ezra Pound.
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Akbar Radi
Abar Radi (Persian: اکبر رادی) who was born in the city of Rasht in 1939 completed his studies at the University of Tehran in social sciences. He published his first story Rain in 1959.
The 68-year-old playwright whose works have been compared with those of Anton Chekhov and Henrik Ibsen died in a Tehran hospital on Dec. 24th, 2007.
'Melody of a Rainy City', 'The Descent', 'The Fishermen', 'Death in Autumn', 'The Glorious Smile of Mr. Gil' and 'Beneath the Saqqakhaneh Passage' are among his well-known works.
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Ali Abdolrezaei
Ali Abdolrezaei was born in 10 April 1969 in Langrood, Iran. After receiving his diploma in mathematics from Ghodoosi High School in 1986 he went to Tehran Technical and Engineering University where he graduated with a Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1993.
Ali Abdolrezaei began his professional poetic career in 1986 and became one of the most acclaimed poets of post Revolutionary Iran. He published seven volumes of his work inside Iran before heavy censorship made his work inside the country impossible. He was banned from teaching and public speaking, which forced him to go into exile in 2002. After leaving Iran, he briefly lived in Germany, followed by two years in France. In 2005 he moved to London, where he now lives and works.
Ali Abdolrezaei's voice as a poet is clear and unmistakable. Already early on in his career he embarked upon a journey to find a new form of language to communicate new experiences. He broke away from the traditional Persian poetic language and the formal classical style of verse writing. Instead of the traditional forms of rhyme and rhythm, he uses the counting of syllables and the sound-patterns of the words in a way which reflects the patterns of Old pre-Islamic Persian poetry. His lengthy poems, in particular, are highly complex and often bring together a group of different characters within different timelines. They focus on the feelings of anxiety, isolation and the sense of loss that Iranians in general, and intellectuals in Diaspora, have been experiencing in the last 30 years.
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Ali Hatami
Ali Hatami (Persian: علی حاتمی , August 14, 1944 in Tehran, Iran – December 7, 1996 in Tehran) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, art Director and costume designer.
Graduated in cinema from Faculty of Dramatic Arts, his debut was Hasan Kachal (Hasan the Bald - 1969), the first Iranian musical film. Since then, he paid attention to unusual rhythmic dialogs and also the use of traditional settings and architecture in his films that became the characteristics of his works.
Although his works did not attract international attention, the Iranian audience praised him. His mind was occupied with making films on the basis of historical and folkloric figures. He was usually the art director of his own films. His last film remained incomplete because of his death by cancer, on December 7, 1996 in Tehran.
Hatami made three great historical TV series, all of them are considered as eternal works in the history of Iranian TV. Meanwhile, he established a small production village as the historical site in which he made Hezar Dastan. It has been since used as the shooting location for many films and TV series, including Agency (1997), The Red Ribbon (1998), The Dead Wave (2000), The Low Heights (2001) and many others.
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Ali Hujwiri
Abul Hassan Ali Ibn Usman al-Jullabi al-Hajvery al-Ghaznawi (ابوالحسن علی بن عثمان الجلابی الهجویری الغزنوی) or Abul Hassan Ali Hajvery (sometimes spelled Hujwiri, Hajweri, Hajveri), also known as Daata Ganj Bakhsh (Persian/Punjabi: (داتا گنج بخش) (which means the master who bestows treasures) or Daata Sahib (Persian/Urdu: (داتا صاحب), was a Persian Sufi and scholar during the 11th century. He significantly contributed to the spreading of Islam in South Asia.
He was born around 990 CE near Ghazni, Afghanistan during the Ghaznavid Empire and died in Lahore (in present day Punjab, Pakistan) in 1077 CE. His most famous work is Revelation of the Veiled (Kashf Al Mahjub) (کشفُ المحجوب), written in the Persian language. The work, which is one of the earliest and most respected treatises of Sufism, debates Sufi doctrines of the past.
Ali Hajvery is also famous for his mausoleum in Lahore, which is surrounded by a large marble courtyard, a mosque and other buildings. It is the most frequented of all the shrines in that city, and one of the most famous in Pakistan and nearby countries. His name is a household word, and his mausoleum the object of pilgrimage from distant places.
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Ali Mohammad Afghani
Ali Mohammad Afghani (Persian: علی محمد افغانی, born 1925 in Kermanshah, Iran) is an Iranian writer.
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Ali Qushji
Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, kuşçu - falconer in Turkish;Latin: Ali Kushgii), was a Turkic or Persianastronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472. As a disciple of Ulugh Beg, he is best known for the development of astronomical physics independent from natural philosophy, and for providing empirical evidence for the Earth's rotation in his treatise, Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy. In addition to his contributions to Ulugh Beg's famous work Zij-i-Sultani and to the founding of Sahn-ı Seman University[citation needed], one of the first madrasahs in the Ottoman Empire, Ali Qushji was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.
Ali Qushji was born in 1403 in the city of Samarkand, in present-day Uzbekistan. His full name at birth was Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed al-Qushji. The last name Qushji derived from the Turkish term kuşçu - the falconer - due to the fact that Ali's father Muhammad was the royal falconer of Ulugh Beg.
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Amir Naderi
Amir Naderi (Persian: امیر نادری, born 15 August 1946 in Abadan) is a notable Iranian film director, screenwriter and one of the most influential figures of 20th-century Iranian cinema. Mr Naderi latest feature film CUT starring Hidetoshi Nishijima and Takako Tokiwa was released in Japan in 2011 and in Korea in 2012.
Naderi developed his knowledge of cinema by watching films at the theater where he worked as a boy, reading film criticism, and making relationships with leading film critics. He began his career with still photography for some notable Iranian features. In the 1970s, Naderi turned to directing, and made some of the most important features of the New Iranian Cinema. In 1971, his directorial debut, Goodbye Friend was released in Iran. Mr. Naderi first came into the international spotlight with films that are now known as cinema classics, The Runner (1985), and Water, Wind, Dust (1989). The Runner is considered by many critics to be one of the most influential films of the past quarter century. After a number of his films were banned by the Iranian government, Mr. Naderi left the country. Expatriating to New York, Mr. Naderi continued to produce new work. He was named a Rockefeller Film and Video fellow in 1997, and has served as an artist in residence and instructor at Columbia University, the University of Las Vegas, and New York's School of Visual Arts. His U.S. films have premiered at the Film Society of Lincoln Center/MOMA's New Films New Director's series, the Venice, Cannes, Sundance and Tribeca Film Festivals. His U.S. feature, Sound Barrier (2005) won the prestigious Roberto Rossellini Prize at the Rome Film Festival. Naderi's latest feature film CUT was made in Japan in Japanese language and stars Hidetoshi Nishijima and Takako Tokiwa. The film laments the collapse of cinema through the gripping tale of a young filmmaker giving it all to make his next movie.
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Annemarie Schimmel
Annemarie Schimmel, SI, HI, (April 7, 1922 – January 26, 2003) was a well known and very influential German Orientalist and scholar, who wrote extensively on Islam and Sufism. She was a professor at Harvard University from 1967 to 1992.
Schimmel was born to Protestant and highly cultured middle-class parents in Erfurt, Germany. Her father, Paul, was a postal worker and her mother, Anna belonged to a family with connections to seafaring and international trade. Schimmel remembered her father as "a wonderful playmate full of fun", her mother made her feel she was the child of her dreams and her home as full of poetry and literature, though her family was not an academic one.
She began studying at the University of Berlin in 1939 at the age of 17, during the period of Nazi Germany. She received a doctorate in Islamic languages and civilization at the age of 19. Following this, she was drafted by the German Foreign Office while continuing with her scholarly work in her free time. At the age of 23, she became a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Marburg, Germany in 1946, where she earned a second doctorate in the history of religions in 1954.
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Anvari
Anvari (1126–1189), full name Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani or Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mahmud (Persian: اوحد الدین علی ابن محد انوری) was a Persian poet.
He was born in Abivard of (now in Turkmenistan) and died in Khurasanian Balkh, now in Afghanistan, and studied science and literature at the collegiate institute in Toon (now Ferdows, Iran), becoming a famous astronomer as well as a poet.
Anvari's poems were collected in a Deewan, and contains panegyrics, eulogies, satire, and others. His elegy "Tears of Khorasan", translated into English in 1789, is considered to be one of the most beautiful poems in Persian literature. The Cambridge History of Iran calls Anvari "one of the greatest figures in Persian literature". Despite their beauty, his poems often required much help with interpretation, as they were often complex and difficult to understand.
Anvari's panegyric in honour of the Seljuk sultan Sultan Sanjar (1117–1157), ruler of Khorasan, won him royal favour, and allowed him to go on to enjoy the patronage of two of Sanjar's successors. However, when his prophecy of disasters in October 1185 failed, he fell out of favour with the kingship, and was forced into a life of scholarly service, eventually taking his own life in 1189.
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Aref Qazvini
Abolqassem Aref Qazvini (Persian: ابوالقاسم عارف قزوینی , 1882 – January 21, 1934) was an Iranian poet, lyricist, and musician.
He was born in Qazvin.
He composed many poems about Iran and was called a national poet. Along with his powerful poetry, he also wrote lyrics for numerous songs and played music. He was a revolutionary during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and made many political and pro-revolutionary songs. He moved to Hamedan later in his life and died there in January 1934 at the age of 52.
After his death his complete works were published in Berlin and Tehran.
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Asad Gulzoda
Asad Gulov ( his real name), Asad Gulzodai Bukhoroyi (Tajik: Асад Гулзодаи Бухороӣ) or Asad Gulzoda (his commonly used nicknames), is a Tajik Persian-language poet, linguist and journalist.
Asad Gulzoda was born in 1935 in the village of Shavgon of Peshku district, Bukhara Province, Uzbekistan. He received his secondary education at the same place. In 1958 he graduated from the Tajik Language and Literature Department, University of Dushanbe. His next work and activity is related with teaching and journalism in the State Broadcasting Company of Bukhara region.
Asad Gulzoda went into poetry during his adolescence. His poems were published in the newspapers of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.
Poems of Asad Gulzoda were published in the books "Murghobi chi mekobad?", "Labzi Shirin" in "Maorif" publishing house of Dushanbe. And also his poems are found in the collections "Kahkashoni orzu" (Tashkent) and "Guli murod" (Dushanbe).
In the books "Nasimi Bukhoro" (Bukhara, 2001), "Khati peshona" (Dushanbe, "Surushan", 2003) some of the best poems of the poet are collected, written in the bright periods of his life.
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Asadi Tusi
Abu Mansur Ali ibn Ahmad Asadi Tusi (Persian: ابومنصور علی بن احمد اسدی طوسی) (born: Tus, Iranian province of Khorasan - died: 1072 Tabriz, Iran) is arguably the second most important Persian poet of the Iranian national epics, after Ferdowsi who also happens to come from the same town of Tus. He was a poet, a linguist and copyist of ancient manuscripts.
The information on Asadi's lifetime is scant. During Asadi's time, and for some time after, much of the Khorasan province was under violent attack from various rival Turkic groups. Many native intellectuals left Khorasan as a result of these conflicts, while many of those who remained lived in seclusion. As a result of the violence, Asadi, who lived the first twenty years of his life in Khorasan, left Khorasan for the Iranian province of Azarbaijan and stayed there until his death. He first served as a poet in the court of the Daylamite Abu Nasr Jastan. Later he went to Nakhjavan and in 1065-1066, completed his seminal work, the Garshapnama. He dedicated this work to Abu Dolaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan. Later on, he went to serve at the court of the Shaddadid king Manuchehr who ruled over Ani. His tomb is located in city of Tabriz.
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Asghar Farhadi
Asghar Farhadi (Persian: اصغر فرهادی Persian pronunciation: [æsɣæɾ fæɾhɒːdiː]; born 1 January 1972) is an Iranian film director and screenwriter. For his work as director, he has received one Golden Globe Award and one Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.He was named as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the world by Time magazine in 2012.
Farhadi was born in Homayoonshahr (Khomeynishahr), Province of Isfahan. He is a graduate of Theatre, with a BA in Dramatic Arts and MA in Stage Direction from Tehran University and Tarbiat Modarres University, respectively. Farhadi made short 8mm and 16mm films in Isfahan branch of Iranian Young Cinema Society before moving on to writing plays and screenplays for IRIB. He also directed such TV series as A Tale of a City and co-wrote the screenplay of Ebrahim Hatamikia’s Low Heights. Dancing in the Dust was his feature film debut, which he followed with A Beautiful City.
His third film, Fireworks Wednesday won the Gold Hugo at the 2006 Chicago International Film Festival. His fourth film, About Elly won the Silver Bear for Best Director at 59th International Berlin Film Festival as well as Best Picture at Tribeca Film Festival. It is about a group of Iranians who take a trip to the Caspian Sea that turns tragic. Famous film theorist and film critic David Bordwell has called About Elly a masterpiece.
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Asjadi
Abu Nazar Abdul Aziz ibn Mansur Asjadi was a 10th century and 11th century royal Persian (Tajik) poet of Ghaznavid empire located in Ghazni province of current Afghanistan.
Originating from Merv, and in some accounts Herat, he was a follower of the panegyric school of poetry of Unsuri in Khorasan.
His Divan does not remain.
He died in 1040 CE.
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Attar of Nishapur
Abū Hamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (1145-1146 - c. 1221; Persian: ابو حمید ابن ابوبکر ابراهیم), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn (فریدالدین) and ‘Attār (عطار - "the perfumer"), was a Persian Muslim poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nīshāpūr who had an abiding influence on Persian poetry and Sufism.
Information about Attar's life is rare. He is mentioned by only two of his contemporaries, `Awfi and Tusi. However, all sources confirm that he was from Nishapur, a major city of medieval Khorasan (now located in the northeast of Iran), and according to `Awfi, he was a poet of the Seljuq period. It seems that he was not well known as a poet in his own lifetime, except at his home town, and his greatness as a mystic, a poet, and a master of narrative was not discovered until the 15th century.
`Attar was probably the son of a prosperous chemist, receiving an excellent education in various fields. While his works say little else about his life, they tell us that he practiced the profession of pharmacy and personally attended to a very large number of customers. The people he helped in the pharmacy used to confide their troubles in `Attar and this affected him deeply. Eventually, he abandoned his pharmacy store and traveled widely - to Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, Mecca, Medina, Damascus, Khwarizm, Turkistan, and India, meeting with Sufi Shaykhs - and returned promoting Sufi ideas.
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Avicenna
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā (Persian پورسينا Pur Sina [ˈpuːr ˈsiːnɑː] "son of Sina"; c. 980, Afshana near Bukhara– 1037, Hamadan, Iran), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persianpolymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine.
His most famous works are The Book of Healing, a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and The Canon of Medicine, which was a standard medical text at many medieval universities. The Canon of Medicine was used as a text-book in the universities of Montpellier and Leuven as late as 1650. Ibn Sīnā's Canon of Medicine provides a complete system of medicine according to the principles of Galen (and Hippocrates).
His corpus also includes writing on philosophy, astronomy, alchemy, geology, psychology, Islamic theology, logic, mathematics, physics, as well as poetry. He is regarded as the most famous and influential polymath of the Islamic Golden Age.
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Awhadi Maraghai
Awhaduddin Awhadi Maragheie (also written Ohadi) (1271–1338) was a Persian poet from the city Maragha in Iran.
He is usually surnamed Maraghei, but also mentioned as Awhadi Esfahani because his father hailed from Isfahan and he himself spent part of his life there. He first chose the pen-name Ṣāfī, but changed it to Awhadi after becoming a devotee of the school of the famous mystic Shaikh Auhaduddin Kermani.
Awhadi has a divan of 8000 verses which consists of the Persian poetic forms Qasida, Ghazals, Tarji'bands and Quatrains. The Qasidas are in praise of Abu Said and his Vizir, Ghiyath al-Din, the son of Rashid al-Din Fazzlah. His other poems play on various themes including mysticism, ethnics and religious subjects. He also is known for his marsiyas (elegies) and his Ghazals.
In addition to his divan, he has left two important Persian works in Mathnavi. The Dah-nama or Manteq al-Oshaaq consists of 600 verses and was completed in 1307 for Wajih Al-din Yusef, the grandson of the famous Nasir al-Din Tusi. His most important and well known work was the Mathnavi Jam-i Jam ("The Cup of Jamshid) also called Jam-e-Jahanbin ("The mirror of the universe"). It was written in 1333 and has 5000 verses and follows the style of Sanai's Hadiqah. Awhadi died in 1338 and is buried in Maragheh.
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Bahman Farmanara
Bahman Farmanara (Persian: بهمن فرمانآرا , born Jan.23, 1942 in Tehran) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film producer. Bahman Farmanara is the second son in a family of four brothers and one sister. The family business was Textile and he was the only son who did not join the business and went off to United Kingdom and later on to US to study acting and directing. He graduated from University of Southern California with a BA in Cinema in 1966.After returning to Iran and doing military service, he joined the National Iranian Radio and Television.
He produced some major films, including Abbas Kiarostami's first feature, The Report (1977), Bahram Bayzai's The Crow (1977), Khosrow Haritash's Divine One (1976), Mohammad-Reza Aslani's Wind and Chess (1976) and Valerio Zurlini's Desert of the Tartars (1977 co-production with Italy and France).
Farmanara moved to France and then to Canada in 1980, establishing a distribution company and a film festival for children and young adults in Vancouver. He returned to Iran in the mid 1980s. He made and starred in Smell of Camphor, Fragrance of Jasmine (film) in 2000, which won several prizes from the International Fajr Film Festival, including The Best Film and The Best Director awards.
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Bahman Ghobadi
Bahman Ghobadi (Persian: بهمن قبادی, Kurdish: بههمهن قوبادی) is an Iranian film director of Kurdish ethnicity. He was born on February 1, 1969 in Baneh, Kurdistan Province. Ghobadi belongs to the so called "new wave" of Iranian cinema.
He was born in Baneh, a northwestern Kurdistan Province of Iran. His family moved to Sanandaj in 1981. Ghobadi received a Bachelor of Arts in film directing from Iran Broadcasting College. After a brief career in industrial photography, Ghobadi began making short 8 mm films. His documentary Life In Fog won numerous awards. Bahman Ghobadi was assistant director on Abbas Kiarostami's The Wind Will Carry Us.[citation needed]
Bahman Ghobadi founded Mij Film in 2000, a company with the aim of production of films in Iran about its different ethnic groups. His first feature film was A Time for Drunken Horses (2000), the first Kurdish film produced in Iran.[who?] The film won the Caméra d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His second feature was Marooned in Iraq (2002), which brought him the Gold Plaque from the Chicago International Film Festival. His third feature, Turtles Can Fly, followed in 2004, winning the Glass Bear and Peace Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival and the Golden Shell at the San Sebastian International Film Festival.[citation needed]
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Bahram Bayzai
Bahrām Beyzāi (also spelt Bahrām Beizai, Bahrām Beyzaie, Persian: بهرام بیضائی, born 26 December 1938 in Tehran) is an Iranian film director, theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, film editor, producer, and researcher.
Bahram Beyzai is the son of the poet Ostād Ne'mat'ollāh Beyzāi (best known by his literary pseudonym Zokā'i Beyzāi - ذکائی بیضائی). The celebrated poet Adib Ali Beyzāi, considered as one of the most profound poets of the twentieth-century Iran, is Bahram Beyzai's paternal uncle. Bahram Beyzai's paternal grandfather, Mirzā Mohammad-Rezā Ārāni (Ebn Ruh - ابن روح), and paternal great-grandfather, the mulla Mohammad-Faqih Ārāni (Ruh'ol-Amin - روح الامین), were also renown poets.
Beyzai is part of a generation of filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave, a Persian cinema movement that started in the late 1960s and includes other pioneering directors such as Abbas Kiarostami, Forough Farrokhzad, Sohrab Shahid Sales, and Parviz Kimiavi. The filmmakers share many common techniques including the use of poetic dialog, references to traditional Persian art and culture and allegorical story-telling often dealing with political and philosophical issues.
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Balım Sultan
Balım Sultan is the greatest personality in the Bektashi Order after Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli (Haji Bektash) and he is regarded as the “Second Pir”. He was born in 1457 in the town of Dimetoka. He died in 1517. It is widely accepted that his father was Mursel Baba and his mother was a Serbian/Bulgarian princess.
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Bande Nawaz
Syed Muhammad Hussaini, commonly known as Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gaisu Daraz (Urdu: خواجہ بندہ نواز گیسو دراز) (July 13, 1321 -November 1, 1422), was a famous Sufi saint from India of the Chishti Order, who advocated understanding, tolerance and harmony among various religious groups.
Gaisu Daraz was a murid (disciple) of the noted Sufi saint of Delhi, Hazrat Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. After the death of Chiragh Dehlavi, Gaisu Daraz took on the mantle of the successor (khalifa). When he moved to Daulatabad around 1398, owing to the attack of Timur on Delhi, he took the Chishti Order to South India. He finally settled down in Gulbarga, at the invitation of Bahamani Sultan, Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.
Banda Nawaz was born to Syed Muhammad Hussaini in Delhi in 1321. At the age of four, his family shifted to Daulatabad in Deccan (now in Maharashtra). In 1397, he went to Gulbarga, Deccan (presently in Karnataka) at the invitation of Sultan Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.
At the age of fifteen, he returned to Delhi for his education and training by Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. He was also a very enthusiastic student of Hazrat Kethli, Hazrat Tajuddin Bahadur and Qazi Abdul Muqtadir. After teaching at various places such as Delhi, Mewath, Gwalior, Chander, Aircha, Chatra, Chanderi, Miandhar, Baroda, Khambayat and Gulbarga in 1397 and died in Gulbarga in the year November 1422.
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Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
Muhammad Raheem Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (died December 8, 1986) was a saintly Tamil-speaking teacher and Sufi mystic from the island of Sri Lanka who first came to the United States on October 11, 1971 and established the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship in Philadelphia. From Philadelphia, with its approximately 1,000 followers, branches of the Fellowship have spread throughout the United States and Canada, as well Australia and the UK. Societies of followers were already in Jaffna and Colombo, Sri Lanka before his arrival in the USA.
According to the older Sri Lankan students, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen emerged from the jungles of that country in the early 1940s and met pilgrims who were visiting shrines in the north. Reports of dreams or mystical meetings that preceded a 'physical' meeting by these early students were not uncommon. According to an account from the 1940s, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen had spent time in 'Kataragama', a jungle shrine in the south of the island, and in 'Jailani', a cliff shrine dedicated to 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani of Baghdad. His association with that Shaikh indicates his connection to the Qadiri order of Sufism. Many of his followers who lived around the northern town of Jaffna were Hindus and addressed him as swami or guru. His role was often as healer of both medical and spiritual illnesses, including curing demonic possession.
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Bayazid Bastami
Bayazid Bastami (Persian بايزيد بسطامى ), also known as Abu Yazid Bistami or Tayfur Abu Yazid al-Bustami, (804-874 or 877/8 CE) was a PersianSufi born in Bastam, Iran.
The name Bastami means "from the city of Bastam". Bayazid's grandfather was a Zoroastrian who converted to Islam. His grandfather had three sons, Adam, Tayfur and 'Ali. All of them were ascetics. Abayazid was born to Tayfur. Not much is known of his childhood, but Bayazid spent most of his time in isolation in his house and the mosque. Although he remained in isolation, he did not isolate himself from the Sufi realm. He welcomed people into his house to discuss Sufism. Bayazid also led a life of asceticism and renounced all worldly pleasures in order to be one with God. Ultimately, this led Bayazid to a state of "self anhiliation", which, according to Sufism, is the only state a person could be in order to be closest with God. Bayazid became known as the first "intoxicated" Sufi because of the openness of his expressions he felt towards God (shatahat). Bayazid is regarded as being one of the most influential mystics due to the fact of how controversial he was at the time.
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Behrouz Gharibpour
Behrouz Gharibpour (born 1950) is a renowned Iranian theatre director and pioneer of traditional Persian puppet theatre.
He studied theatre at Tehran University and at Dramatic Arts Academy in Rome (Silvio D'Amico). He founded Tehran and Esfahan puppet theatre centres and changed the Tehran’s slaughterhouse into the greatest Iran’s Cultural Centre. He has experienced in writing and directorship in fields such as theatre, puppet theatre, cinema, documentary movies, and T.V.
Gharibpour is known for his solid research works on the Iranian puppetry as was commonly practiced during Qajar era. He was the president of the UNIMA.
ASHURA marionette opera. As the first celestial opera and marionette opera in Islamic World. Rumi based on phillosophical story of great mistic poet of Islamic world.
He got Sierna d'Oro (Arrivano dal mare 2008)
Founder of first Iranianian permanent theatre for children and young adult (1979) Founder of Bahman Cultural center (ex slaughter house) Founder of Iranian Artists Forum (ex Army center) Reviver of Iranian Opera and founder of Iranian marionette opera (2003): Rostam &Sohrab, Macbeth, Ashura, Rumi(Molawi)
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Bijan Jalali
Bijan Jalali (in Persian: بیژن جلالی) (born 1927 in Tehran, Iran) is a renowned modern Persian poet.
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Bijan Mofid
Bijan Mofid (31 May 1935–12 November 1984) was an influential Iranian playwright and stage director. His most famous work, Shahr-e Ghesseh, is an allegorical satire written in the form of a musical play using elements of Iranian folklore, for which he also composed the music. Bijan Mofid (playwright/director) was one of very few serious modern Iranian artists whose writing has reached beyond the intelligentsia to a broad general audience.
He was born in Tehran in 1935. After teaching for several years at the University of Tehran, he founded a theater workshop, where many of Iran's finest actors received their training. The workshop's major production was Bijan's own City Of Tales (Shahr-e-Ghesseh), a profound satire that weaves social comment through adaptations of traditional music and folk tales. It toured for 3 years, was made into an award-winning film and is recognized as a classic of Iranian literature.
Bijan's work as playwright and director has had a continuous and controversial presence in Iranian theater, both on the popular stage and in experimental productions. Nine of his plays have been produced and published and their songs recorded. He directed over fifty productions for radio and television in addition to his stage work; his rare appearances as an actor included the lead role in Arbie Ovanesian's acclaimed production of Suddenly... at the 1992 Nancy International Theatre Festival.
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Bijan Najdi
Bijan Najdi (Persian: بیژن نجدی, pronounced [biːʒæn nædʒdiː];) (15 November 1941, Khash , Iran – 25 August 1997, Lahijan , Iran) was an Iranian writer and poet. Najdi is most famous for his short story collection "The leopards who have run with me" (1994).
Bijan Najdi was born in Khash a county in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. His parents were from Gilan.He lost his father when he was four in a murder incident. He spent his basic education in Rasht. He got his M.A in Mathematics and was one of the first writers to go to the front in Iran-Iraq war. He started writing when he was young but published his notable book "The leopards who have run with me" in 1994. This book received a Gardoun award as one of the best short story collection ever written in Iran.
Among Najdi's works both there are poems and fictions. He just published the short story collection "The leopards who have run with me" when he was alive and his other works were published after his death by his wife.
Sepideh Farsi made a film based on four of his short stories.
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Bozorg Alavi
Bozorg Alavi (بزرگ علوی in Persian) (February 2, 1904 – February 18, 1997) was an influential Iranian writer, novelist, and political intellectual. He was a founding member of the communist Tudeh Party of Iran in the 1940s and – following the 1953 coup against Premier Mohammad Mossadegh – spent the rest of his life in exile in Germany, first during the Pahlavi regime, then returning to Germany once more following the 1979 revolution. His finest novel is Chashm'hā'yash (Her Eyes), which was published in Iran in 1952 and was subsequently banned.
Bozorg Alavi (born Seyyed Mojtaba Alavi) was born in Tehran, Iran. He was the third of six children. His father, Abol Hassan Alavi, took part in the 1906 Constitutional Revolution and later published (with Hasan Taqizadeh) the progressive newsletter Kaveh (Kaweh) in Germany. His paternal grandfather was Seyyed Mohammad Sarraf, a wealthy banker and merchant, who was a leading constitutionalist and member of the first Majles. Sarraf was a younger brother of Haj Seyyed Javad Khazaneh, treasurer of Nasser ed-Din Shah Qajar and later Mozaffar ed-Din Shah Qajar. Bozorg Alavi derived his nickname 'Bozorg' from being named after his great-grandfather -his Agha Bozorg- Agha Seyyed Mojtaba Ghannad, sugar merchant, confectioner and shipowner, who died in the year Bozorg was born,
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Bulleh Shah
Bulleh Shah (1680–1757) (Punjabi: بلہے شاہ, ਬੁੱਲ੍ਹੇ ਸ਼ਾਹ, Hindi: बुल्ले शाह) was a Punjabi Sufi poet, humanist and philosopher. His full name was Abdullah Shah
Bulleh Shah is believed to have been born in 1680, in the small village of Uch, Bahawalpur, Punjab, in present day Pakistan. His father, Shah Muhammad Darwaish, was a teacher and preacher in a village mosque. Little is known about Bulleh Shah's ancestry except that some of his forebears were migrants from Uzbekistan, and that his family claimed direct descent from Muhammad.
When he was six months old, his parents relocated to Malakwal. His father later got a job in Pandoke, about 50 miles southeast of Kasur. Bulleh Shah received his early schooling in Pandoke and moved to Kasur for higher education. He also received education from Maulana Mohiyuddin. His spiritual teacher was the Qadiri Sufi Shah Inayat Qadiri, who was a member of the Arain tribe of Lahore.
A large amount of what is believed to be known about Bulleh Shah comes through legends, and is subjective; to the point that there isn’t even agreement among historians concerning his precise date and place of birth. Some "facts" about his life have been pieced together from his own writings. Other "facts" seem to have been passed down through oral traditions.
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Dariush Mehrjui
Dariush Mehrju'i (Persian: داریوش مهرجویی , born 8 December 1939 in Tehran), also spelled as Mehrjui, Mehrjoui, and Mehrjuyi, is an Iranian director, screenwriter, producer, and film editor.
Mehrjui was a founding member of the Iranian New Wave movement of the early 1970s. His second film Gaav is considered to be the first film of this movement, which also included Masoud Kimiai and Nasser Taqvai. Most of his films are inspired by literature and adapted from Iranian and foreign novels and plays.
Dariush Mehrjui was born to a middle class family in Tehran. He showed interest in painting miniatures, music, and playing santoor and piano. He spent a lot of time going to the movies, particularly American films which were un-dubbed and inter-spliced with explanatory title cards that explained the plot throughout the films. At this time Mehrjui started to learn English so as to better enjoy the films. The film that had the strongest impact on him as a child was Vittorio De Sica's Bicycle Thieves. At the age of 12 Mehrjui built a 35mm projector, rented two-reel films and began selling tickets to his neighborhood friends. Although raised in a religious household, Mehrjui has said that at the age of 15 "the face of God gradually became a little hazy for me, and I lost my faith."
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David Mahmoudieh
David Mahmoudieh (born London, England) is a British-Iranian screenwriter, director and second unit director of film, music videos and commercials. He directs music videos under a variety of pseudonyms, including "R&D", "Merlin", "Uncle Rumple" and "Jury & Executioner". In the field of commercials he operates mainly as a second unit director under the moniker Murlep Snilttski - an acronym of his favourite fairytale character, Rumpelstiltskin.
Written works include the short-stories Perception, Return To Sender and I Kill Kilkally, the short films The Confession and Wolves Who Hunt Smiling, and the feature screenplay Fool's Gold[1].
In 1999, whilst still at school, David won The Casa Nostra short-story competition and was consequently approached to pen a screen adaptation of Frederick Ayer's turn-of-the-century novel Reminiscences. Upon the completion of his schooling, Mahmoudieh began development on three projects, including an original comic book series, a Batman graphic novel and his first feature-length screenplay, Fools Gold.
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Ebrahim Golestan
Ebrahim Golestan (Taghavi Shirazi) (also spelt Ibrahim Golestan, Persian: ابراهیم گلستان , born 1922 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian filmmaker and literary figure with a career spanning half a century. He has lived in Sussex, United Kingdom, since 1975.
He is the father of Iranian photojournalist Kaveh Golestan, and Lili Golestan, translator and owner and artistic director of the Golestan Gallery in Tehran, Iran. His grandson, Mani Haghighi, is also a film director.
He was closely associated with the controversial and eminent Iranian poet Forough Farrokhzad until her death, whom he met while she was in Europe in 1958. He is said to have inspired her to live more independently .
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Ebrahim Hatamikia
Ebrahim Hatamikia is an Iranian filmmaker.
Ebrahim Hatamikia, who is internationally renowned for his role in the cinema of Iran in the 1990s, was born in 1961 in Tehran, Iran. He left the Art University where he studied script writing. He began his directing career with the film "The Identity" in 1986 and some short films and documentaries about the Iran–Iraq War. His movies are considered to be the best that tackles the war and the issues surrounding it. His works have often received admiration in national film festivals. "The Glass Agency" and "In the Name of the Father" have won him the best screenplay and directing awards in the sixteenth and twenty-fourth Fajr International Film Festival respectively. His recent works have also been on international screens: "The Glass Agency" in Berlin and "The Red Ribbon" in San Sebastian.
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Esmail Khoi
Esmail Khoi is an Iranian poet born in 1938 in Mashad, Iran currently living in the United Kingdom after exile from Iran during the 1980s. Khoi was originally a lecturer in Philosophy before the Iranian Revolution.
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Farrokh Ghaffari
Farrokh Ghaffari (1921 – 17 December 2006) was an Iranian film director, actor, critic and author. Along with Ebrahim Golestan and Fereydoun Rahnema he was one of the founders of Iran's New Wave film movement. By establishing the first National Iranian Film Society in 1949 at the Iran Bastan Museum and organizing the first Film Week during which English films were exhibited, Ghaffari laid the foundation for alternative and non-commercial films in Iran.
Ghaffari was born in Tehran, but was educated in Belgium and at the University of Grenoble in France.
In 1958, Ghaffari made one of the first neorealist films in Iranian cinema, Jonoub-e Shahr (South of the City). Because of its depictions of working class poverty the film was banned by the Shah's government, who feared the Soviet Union would use it as a propaganda tool to show the distressed economic condition of Iran's lower classes. In 1963, a heavily edited version of the film entitled Reghabat Dar Shahr (Urban Rivalry) was finally released. In 1964, he produced and directed his next film Shab-e Quzi (Night of the Hunchback). Based on One Thousand and One Nights, the film was originally set during the time of Caliph Harun al-Rashid but was changed to contemporary times because of censor objections. Shab-e Quzi is a black comedy about smugglers who try to hide the body of a dead hunchback who is left on their doorstep. The film starred Ghaffari and Mohammad-Ali Keshavarz in his film debut. Ghaffari worked for National Iranian Television during this time. In 1975, Ghaffari released his final film Zanbourak (The Running Canon) starring Parviz Sayyad and Shahnaz Tehrani. In 1979 with the onslaught of the Iranian Revolution, Ghaffari moved to Paris where he worked as a film critic for the magazine Positif. He lived in exile in Paris until his death in 2006.
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Farzona
Inoyat Hojieva (Tajik/Persian: Иноят Ҳоҷиева/عنایت حاجییوا), mostly known as Farzona (Tajik/Persian: Фарзона/فرزانه) is a Tajik poet and writer.
Farzona was born on November 3, 1960, in Khujand, Tajikistan. She was influenced by Forough Farrokhzad and other Persian poets, such as Firdowsi and Rumi.
Farzona's works are well known throughout Persian-speaking countries. She is known as Forough of Tajikistan.
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Feisal Abdul Rauf
Feisal Abdul Rauf (Arabic: فيصل عبد الرؤوف, born 1948) is an American Sufiimam, author, and activist whose stated goal is to improve relations between the Muslim world and the West. From 1983 to 2009, he served as Imam of Masjid al-Farah, a mosque in New York City.
He has written three books on Islam and its place in contemporary Western society, including What's Right with Islam Is What's Right with America, and founded two non-profit organizations whose stated missions are to enhance the discourse on Islam in society. He has condemned the 9/11 attacks as un-Islamic and called on the U.S. government to reduce the threat of terrorism by altering its Middle Eastern foreign policy. Author Karen Armstrong, among others, has praised him for his attempts to build bridges between the West and the Muslim world.
In 2010, Sufi Imam Rauf received national attention for his plans to build Park51, a Sufi Islamic Community Center, two blocks from Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan.
Rauf was born in Kuwait. His father, Egyptian Imam and Sunni scholar Muhammad Abdul Rauf (1917–2004), moved with the younger Rauf to New York City in the 1960s. The elder Rauf assisted with efforts to create the multimillion dollar Islamic Cultural Center of New York, the first building designed as a mosque in New York City, which took 25 years to complete and opened in 1991. His father, Abdul Rauf, was actively involved in the American Civil Rights Movement with Malcolm X.
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Ferdowsi
Hakīm Abu'l-Qāsim Ferdowsī Tūsī (Persian: حکیم ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی) known as Ferdowsi (فردوسی; also spelled as Firdausi; 940–1020 CE) was a highly revered Persian poet. He was the author of the Shahnameh, the national epic of Iran and related societies.
The Shahnameh was originally composed by Ferdowsi for the princes of the Samanid dynasty, who were responsible for a revival of Persian cultural traditions after the Arab invasion of the seventh century. The Shahnameh chronicles the legendary history of the pre-Islamic kings of Iran from Keyumars to Yazdegerd III. Ferdowsi continued work on the poem after the Samanids were conquered by the Ghaznavids. The new ruler Mahmud of Ghazni, a Turk, may have lacked the interest in Ferdowsi's work shown by the Samanids, resulting in him losing favor with the royal court. In later passages of his poem, Ferdowsi complains about poverty and the ravages of old age. Ferdowsi spent over three decades (from 977 to 1010) working on the Shahnameh, which became one of the most influential works of Persian literature.
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Fereydun Gole
Fereydun Gole (also spelled Fereydoun Goleh) (1942–2005) was an Iranian screenwriter, film director, and film editor. He was active in producing urban drama films throughout the 1970s, dealing with such issues as the social stratification of Tehran. His most famous film was Beehive. After he died in 2005, the 2006 documentary film Iran: A Cinematographic Revolution was dedicated to him.
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Forough Farrokhzad
Forugh Farrokhzād (Persian: فروغ فرخزاد) (b. January 5, 1935, Tehran, Iran — February 13, 1967) was an Iranian poet and film director. Forugh Farrokhzad is arguably one of Iran's most influential female poets of the twentieth century. She was a controversial modernist poet and an iconoclast.
Forugh (also spelled Forough) was born in Tehran to career military officer Colonel Mohammad Bagher Farrokhzad and his wife Touran Vaziri-Tabar in 1935. The third of seven children (Amir, Massoud, Mehrdad, Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Pouran Farrokhzad, Gloria), she attended school until the ninth grade, then was taught painting and sewing at a girl's school for the manual arts. At age sixteen she was married to Parviz Shapour, an acclaimed satirist. Farrokhzad continued her education with classes in painting and sewing and moved with her husband to Ahvaz. A year later, she bore her only child, a son named Kāmyār (subject of A Poem for You).
Within two years, in 1954, Farrokhzad and her husband divorced; Parviz won custody of the child. She moved back to Tehran to write poetry and published her first volume, entitled The Captive, in 1955.
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Frithjof Schuon
Frithjof Schuon (June 18, 1907 – May 5, 1998) was a native of Switzerland born to German parents in Basel, Switzerland. He is known as a philosopher, metaphysician and author of numerous books on religion and spirituality.
Schuon is recognized as an authority on philosophy, spirituality and religion, an exponent of the Religio Perennis, and one of the chief representatives of the Perennialist School. Though he was not officially affiliated with the academic world, his writings have been noticed in scholarly and philosophical journals, and by scholars of comparative religion and spirituality. Criticism of the relativism of the modern academic world is one of the main aspects of Schuon's teachings. In his teachings, Schuon expresses his faith in an absolute principle, God, who governs the universe and to whom our souls would return after death. For Schuon the great revelations are the link between this absolute principle—God—and mankind. He wrote the main bulk of his metaphysical teachings in French. In the later years of his life Schuon composed some volumes of poetry in his mother tongue, German. His articles in French were collected in about twenty titles in French which were later translated into English as well as many other languages. The main subjects of his prose as well as his poetic compositions are spirituality and various essential realms of man's life journey from his Creator back to Him.
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Fuzûlî
Fużūlī (or Fuduli, فضولی; Azerbaijani: Füzuli, c. 1483 – 1556) was the pen name of the Azerbaijani or the Bayat branch of Oghuz Turkish and Ottoman poet, writer and thinker Muhammad bin Suleyman (محمد بن سليمان). Often considered one of the greatest contributors to the Dîvân tradition of Azerbaijani literature, Fuzûlî in fact wrote his collected poems (dîvân) in three different languages: Azerbaijani Turkic, Persian, and Arabic. Although his Turkish works are written in the Azeri dialect of Turkish, he was well-versed in both the Ottoman and the Chagatai Turkic literary traditions as well. He was also well versed in mathematics and astronomy.
Fuzûlî is generally believed to have been born around 1483 in what is now Iraq, when the area was under Ak Koyunlu Turkmen rule; he was probably born in either Karbalā’ or an-Najaf. He is believed to belong to Bayat tribe, one of the Turkic Oghuz tribes who were related to the Ottoman Kayı clan and were scattered throughout the Middle East, Anatolia, and the Caucasus at the time[citation needed]. Though Fuzûlî's ancestors had been of nomadic origin, the family had long since settled in towns.
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Ghazaleh Alizadeh
Ghazaleh Alizadeh (Persian: غزاله علیزاده) (born 16 February 1947, Mashhad, Iran , died 12 May 1996) was an Iranian poet and writer. Her mother was also a poet and writer. She married Bizhan Elahi and they have a daughter called Salma.
She was an extroverted, smart, and energetic student at school. She got her diploma in Humanism from Mahasti High School and at the same time became a vegetarian.
She received her BA in Political Sciences from Tehran University, then went to France to study philosophy and cinema in Sorbonne University. In fact, she initially went to Paris to pursue her PhD in law, but changed her major to Illuminationism and wanted to write her dissertation on Molavi, but she left it due to the sudden death of her father.
She started her literal career with writing short stories in Mashhad. Her major work was the novel Khaneye Edrisiha lit. The Edrissis’ House (خانه ادریسیها). Some of her short stories are: The Crossroad, After Summer, The In-transitory Journey, and her other novels include: Two Landscapes and Tehran Nights. Some of her works have been translated into English by Rosa Jamali
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Ghulam Mustafa Khan
Prof. Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan, PhD, D.Litt, SI, (September 23, 1912 – September 25, 2005) was a researcher, critic, linguist, author, scholar of Urdu literature and linguistics, educationist and religious and spiritual leader belonging to Naqshbandi order of Sufism. He was one of most notable people of Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan.
In 1928 he passed ninth grade from Anjuman Islamia High School, Jabalpur and went to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the rest of his education. He received his higher education at the Aligarh Muslim University. He held LLB and M.A. in Urdu literature & Persian and in 1947 completed his PhD on Hassan Ghaznavi. In 1959 he was awarded D.Litt by Nagpur University, India.
He was born in the Jabalpur city of India on September 23, 1912. During his Service life he was appointed as a lecturer at the King Edward College, Amrawati and after migration to Pakistan from India he was appointed in Urdu College, Karachi. Later in his life he also performed the duties of head of the department of Urdu in Sindh University. For his academic services he was honoured with various level of awards like the Presidential award Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Naqoosh award, Iqbal award and Nishan-i-Sipas.
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Goharshad
Goharshād (Persian: گوهرشاد Gowharšād; meaning "joyful jewel" or "shining jewel" in Persian; alternative spelling: Gawharshād) was a wife of Shāh Rukh, the emperor of the Timurid Dynasty of Herāt. She was the daughter of Giāth ud-Din Tarkhān, an important and influential noble during Tīmur's reign. According to family traditions, the title Tarkhān was given to the family by Genghis Khan personally.
Along with her brothers who were administrators at the Timurid court in Herāt, Goharshād played a very important role in the early Timurid history. In 1405 she moved the Timurid capital from Samarkand to Herāt.
Under her patronage, the Persian language and Persian culture were elevated to a main element of the Timurid dynasty. She and her husband led a cultural renaissance by their lavish patronage of the arts, attracting to their court artists, architects and philosophers and poets acknowledged today among the world's most illustrious, including the poet Jami. Many exquisite examples of Timurid architecture remain in Herāt today.
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Goli Taraqqi
Zohreh Taraqqi-Moghadam, best known as Goli Taraqqi (born 1939) is an Iranian novelist and short story writer.
Goli Taraqqi's father Lotfollah Taraqqi was a member of parliament, publisher and journalist, and her mother was from a widely cultured family. Born and raised in Tehran, she attended Drake University in the United States, gaining an undergraduate degree in philosophy. Returning to Iran, she obtained a master's degree from Tehran University in 1967 and worked throughout the 1960s as a specialist in international relations for the Plan Organization. In the 1970s she taught courses in philosophy, myth and symbolism at Tehran University. After the Iranian Revolution the universities were temporarily closed in 1980. Taraqqi divorced her husband Hazhir Daryush and moved with her two children to become an ex-patriate in Paris, though she visited Iran throughout the 1980s.
Winter Sleep (1973) collected narratives portraying the inner life of eight middle-class city-dwellers, amid the religious dislocation and anomie arising from Iran's rapid modernization in the 1960s. Her short story 'The Great Lady of My Soul' (1982) won the Contre-Ciel Short Story Prize. Scattered Memories (1994) dealt with the emotional fallout from the Iran-Iraq War.
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Gulrukhsor Safieva
Golrokhsar Safi (born 1947) is a prominent Iranologist, Persian literary figure and Tajikistan's national poet. In the late 1970s Golrokhsar Safi was an editor-in-chief of the newspaper Pioneer of Tajikistan.
Golrokhsar is known for her contribution to Iranistics, modern Persian poetry and Persian folk songs. She is highly regarded throughout Iranian cultural continent.
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Gül Baba
Gül Baba (died 1541), also known as Cafer, was an Ottoman Bektashi dervish poet and companion of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who took part in a number of campaigns in Europe from the reign of Mehmed II onwards.
A native of Merzifon (Marsiwān, in the vilāyet of Sivas, Anatolia), he was the son of Kutb’ül Arifin Veli’üddin İbn Yalınkılıç. In Hungary, Gül Baba is known as the "Father of Roses," indeed, that is what his names means in Turkish, and is said to have introduced the flower to the country. However, this is likely a misunderstanding of the metaphorical use of the term which referred to the dervish's status derived from his deep mystical knowledge of Allah. Roses, wild and domesticated, were already in Hungary by the time of the Ottoman invasion. The name could also be a corruption of Kel Baba, meaning "Bald Father".
Gül Baba is thought to have died in Buda during the first Muslim religious ceremony held after the Ottoman victory of 1541, or alternatively to have been killed during fighting below the walls of the city on August 21, 1541. Suleiman, who was also Caliph, declared him patron saint of the city and is reputed to have been one of the coffin bearers. Gül Baba's descendants are the Marzioglu family, some of whom were the pashas of the Trebizond Vilayet.
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Hafez
Khwāja Shamsu d-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī (Persian: خواجه شمسالدین محمد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hāfez (1325/1326–1389/1390), was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran and Afghanistan, as well as elsewhere in the world, who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-fourteenth century Persian writing more than any other author.
Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. His influence in the lives of Iranians can be found in "Hafez readings" (fāl-e hāfez, Persian: فال حافظ), frequent use of his poems in Persian traditional music, visual art and Persian calligraphy. His tomb in Shiraz is visited often. Adaptations, imitations and translations of Hafez' poems exist in all major languages.
Hafez was born in Shiraz, modern Iran. Despite his profound effect on Persian life and culture and his enduring popularity and influence, few details of his life are known. Accounts of his early life rely upon traditional anecdotes. Early tazkiras (biographical sketches) mentioning Hafez are generally considered unreliable. The preface of his Divān, in which his early life is discussed, was written by an unknown contemporary of Hafez whose name may have been Moḥammad Golandām. Two of the most highly regarded modern editions of Hafez's Divān are compiled by Moḥammad Qazvini and Qāsem Ḡani (495 ghazals) and by Parviz Natil Khanlari (486 ghazals).
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Hajir Darioush
Hajir Darioush (Persian: هژیر داریوش ) born in 1938 in Bandar Anzali in northern Iran was an Iranian film maker, described by Javed Jabbar in 1982 as "the leader of the organised progressive Iranian cinema". He committed suicide in Paris, France in 1995.
Darioush studied cinema at I.D.H.E.C (Institut des Hautes Etudes Cinématographiques) later known as École Nationale Supérieure des Métiers de l'Image et du Son in Paris. After graduation, he married Goli Taraghi, a Persian novelist, and the only daughter of a rich journalist. However, the marriage did not last long. His first film "Sacred Arena -- گود مقدس", in 1963, was a documentary about the traditional Persian gymnasium. His second film "Serpent's Skin -- جلد مار", made in 1964 was based on D.H. Lawrence's "Lady Chatterley's Lover" featuring Fakhri Khorvash and Jamshid Mashayekhi. It is believed that he started the New Wave of Iranian cinema with this film. He then returned to making two important early social documentaries "But Problems Arose -- ولی افتاد مشکلها" in 1965, dealing with the cultural alienation of the Iranian youth, and "Face 75 --چهره 75" a critical look at the westernization of the rural culture, which was a prizewinner at the 1965 Berlin Film Festival. Finally he made his first and last commercially successful film, "Bita" in 1972, about a young woman's struggle to come to terms with social barriers facing her, starring Googoosh.
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Hamid Farrokhnezhad
Hamid Farrokhnezhad (Persian: حمید فرخنژاد) (born 17 April 1969) is an Iranian actor, writer and director. He graduated from the Theatre Director program in Tehran University's Fine Arts Department. His practical thesis was based on the play "He Said Yes / He Said No" (Bertolt Brecht) and his theoretical thesis was titled, "Theater in the East"
He won his first two Crystal Simorgh, a notable award in Iranian cinema given annually at the Fajr Film Festival, for Aroos-e Atash (The Bride of the Fire), in the acting in a supporting role and screenwriting categories.
He started his career in student theatre and making some short films. After acting in Khosroe Sinai's Dar Kooche-haye Eshgh he had the chance to play a role in another movie by Sinai, Aroos-e Atash aka Bride of fire which brought him many awards in Fajr Film Festival, Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and Khane-ye Cinema award. He had roles in three films by Sinai and had worked with notable Iranian directors such as Ebrahim Hatamikia, Asghar Farhadi and Bahram Beyzayi.
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Hasan of Basra
Hasan Al-Basri (Arabic: الحسن بن أبي الحسن البصري; full name: Al-Hasan ibn Abi-l-Hasan al-Basri), (642–728), was a well-known Sunni preacher, theologian, and scholar of Islam who was born in 642 from Persian parents. Brought up in the house of Umm Salama, Hasan met many companions of Muhammad including, it is said, seventy of the warriors who fought in the Battle of Badr. Hasan grew up to become one of the most prominent figures of his generation, being famous for his piety and condemnation of worldliness. When he died on Friday 5th of Rajab 110 AH, at the age of 89, the entire population of Basra attended his funeral, so that the first time in history of Basra the Jami Masjid of the city remained empty at the hour of the Asr prayer. Hasan quickly became an exemplar for other saints in the area and his personality made a deep impression upon his contemporaries.
Hasan's father, Peroz, was made a prisoner at the town of Maysan, in Iraq. He was later brought to Medina, where he met Khayra, who was to be Hasan's mother. According to tradition, Hasan was born in Medina in 642 C.E. He grew up in and around the area but later, after the Battle of Siffin, decided to move to Basra. As a young man, Hasan took part in the conquests and campaigns in eastern Iran, but he became a famous personality after denouncing arrogance and sin to take up life as pious Muslim in Basra.
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Hassan Ghaznavi
Ashrafuddin Abu Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Husayni Ghaznavi (Persian: اشرفالدین ابو محمد حسن بن محمد حسینی غزنوی) known as Ashraf (اشرف) was a 12th century Persian (Tajik) poet.
Originating from Ghazna now in Afghanistan, he served mostly under Yamin ud-Dawlah Bahram Shah of the Ghaznavid dynasty. He also served Sultan Sanjar for a while.
His divan contains 83 ghazals.
He died in 1160.
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Hazin Lahiji
Hazīn Lāhījī (1692, Esfahan, Iran — 1766, Benares, India) (Persian: حزین لاهیجی), is the pen-name of Mohammad Ali ibn Abi Tāleb ibn Abd Āllah, also known as Mohammad Ali ibn Abi Tāleb Hazin Lāhiji, Mohammad ibn Abi Tāleb Gilāni and Sheikh Mohammad Ali Hazin Lāhiji. He was an Iranian poet and scholar, born into an eminent family in Esfahan. His ancestors were scholars and landowners from Gilān (see Lāhijān). In 1734 he emigrated to India where he contributed to the Persianization of the ruling élites. He regarded the Persian of the Indian writers with much contempt. Hazin Lāhiji is considered to be one of the most prominent scholars of the Safavid era whose knowledge extended over the theological learning of his time as well as Natural Science, a fact testified by his extant writings.
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Hengameh Mofid
Hengameh Mofid (هنگامه مفيد in Persian) (born January, 1956) is an Iranian Film/Theater actress, director, Dramatist and University tutor . She was born in Tehran, Iran.
Born in January 1956 Tehran, Iran, Mrs. Hengameh Mofid is the youngest child of Gholamhossein Mofid, a well-known actor, teacher and calligrapher and his wife, Ghodssiyeh Farivar, a high school headmistress, they had 7 children and in years, they become one of the most famous and well-known families in Iranian theater and cinema.
Her brothers Bijan, Bahman and Ardavan are all in theater business. In fact, it was their father, who was one of the famous actors at his time and his oldest son, Bijan Mofid- one of the most famous writers and theater directors of all times, who –indirectly- encourage the younger ones to be in theater business as well.
Raised in such an artful environment, She entered Tehran conservatory and after graduating, she entered Art College in Tehran. Meanwhile she was a member in the only professional theater group working specially for children at the Institute for the Intellectual Development of children and Young Adults (IIDCYA, aka. kanoon) under the supervision of Mr. Don Roger Laffoon, director and tutor of Theatre. There she met her future husband and long time collaborator, Kambiz Samimi Mofakham. They married in 1977 and have 3 children; all of them are in Art business now.
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Henry Corbin
Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 - 7 October 1978) was a philosopher, theologian and professor of Islamic Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France.
Corbin was born in Paris in April 1903. As a boy he revealed the profound sensitivity to music so evident in his work. Although he was Protestant by birth, he was educated in the Catholic tradition and at the age of 19 received a certificate in Scholastic philosophy from the Catholic Institute of Paris. Three years later he took his "licence de philosophie" under the great Thomist Étienne Gilson. In 1928 he encountered the formidable Louis Massignon, director of Islamic studies at the Sorbonne, and it was he who introduced Corbin to the writings of Suhrawardi, the 12th century Persian mystic and philosopher whose work was to profoundly affect the course of Corbin’s life. The stage was then set for a personal drama that has deep significance for understanding those cultures whose roots lie in both ancient Greece and in the prophetic religions of the Near East reaching all the way back to Zoroaster. Years later Corbin said “through my meeting with Suhrawardi, my spiritual destiny for the passage through this world was sealed. Platonism, expressed in terms of the Zoroastrian angelology of ancient Persia, illuminated the path that I was seeking.”
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Hisham Kabbani
Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (born 13 Safar 1364 / 28 January 1945) is a prominent Lebanese-American Sufi Muslim. Kabbani advocates an understanding of Islam described by his supporters as fundamentally based on peace, tolerance, respect and love. Kabbani has been an outspoken critic of extremism as well as the Wahabi doctrine. Shaykh Kabbani is a spiritual teacher in the line of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order. He is chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America and the Sufi Muslim Council.
Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani descends from a long line of scholars, and was born in Beirut, Lebanon. For more than 50 years he has been a disciple of Nazim al-Qubrusi and his representative in United States.
On the order of al-Qubrusi, Kabbani relocated to the United States in 1991, where he has opened 13 Sufi outreach centers focused on spreading Sufism. He has lectured at many universities, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University and the University of California, Berkeley, as well as at many spiritual and religious centers throughout North America, Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East.
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Hossein Jafarian
Hossein Jafarian (Persian: حسین جعفریان , born 25 March 1944 in Tehran) is an Iranian cinematographer.
Hossein Jafarian is a graduate of Tehran's University of Dramatic Arts. He began his career working for Iranian state-run television where he shot over 40 documentaries and TV shows before retiring early soon after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. His feature film debut was with 1984's Tatooreh. But it wasn't until 1992's Nargess that he established himself as a leading cinematographer in Iran. It was with Nargess that he for the first time captured "real nights" on the Iranian film screen. Jafarian has a distinctive style of his own. His work draws comparisons with the American cinematographer Gordon Willis for his use of darkness and low-key lighting. Many of his films have gone on to win awards at international film festival, including; Abbas Kiarostami's Through the Olive Trees, Jafar Panahi's Crimson Gold and Asghar Farhadi's Fireworks Wednesday and About Elly. He was a guest at 2004's Camerimage with Crimson Gold and was nominated for the 'Golden Frog' in 2009 for About Elly.
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Hossein Monzavi
Hossein Monzavi (Azerbaijani: حسين منزوي, Persian: حسين منزوي) (1936–2003) was an Iranian Azeri lyricist. His lyric poems are in both Azerbaijani and Persian. He was born in Zanjan. After education and living in Tehran for some years, he came back to his hometown. His father Mohammad Monzavi was also a poet that had written some poems in the same languages that wrote imitative poem for Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar's Heydar Babaya Salam.Homayoun Shajarian, a Persian traditional singer, has used lyrics of Hossein Monzavi in Setareh-ha (The Stars) music album. Hossein Monzavi died from cancer in Tehran in 2003.
His Persian works are more than his Azeri. He much used Azeri folklores and legends in his poems. Hossein Monzavi's famous works are:
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Hossein Nasr
Seyyed Hossein Nasr (in Persian: سید حسین نصر) (born April 7, 1933 in Tehran) is an Iranian University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and a prominent Islamic philosopher. He is the author of many scholarly books and articles.
Nasr is a Muslim Persian philosopher and renowned scholar of comparative religion, a lifelong student and follower of Frithjof Schuon, and writes in the fields of Islamic esoterism, Sufism, philosophy of science, and metaphysics.
Nasr was the first Muslim to deliver the prestigious Gifford Lectures, and in year 2000, a volume was devoted to him in the Library of Living Philosophers.
Professor Nasr speaks and writes based on the doctrine and the viewpoints of the perennial philosophy on subjects such as philosophy, religion, spirituality, music, art, architecture, science, literature, civilizational dialogues, and the natural environment. He also wrote two books of poetry (namely Poems of the Way and The Pilgrimage of Life and the Wisdom of Rumi), and has been even described as a 'polymath'.
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Houshang Golshiri
Houshang Golshiri (Persian: هوشنگ گلشیری; March 16 , 1938 — June 6, 2000) was an Iranian fiction writer, critic and editor. He was one of the first Iranian writers to use modern literary techniques, and is recognized as one of the most influential writers of Persian prose of the 20th century.
Golshiri was born in Isfahan in 1938 and raised in Abadan. He came from a large family of modest circumstances. From 1955 to 1974, Golshiri lived in Isfahan, where he completed a bachelor's degree in Persian at the University of Isfahan and taught elementary and high school there and in surrounding towns.
Golshiri began writing fiction in the late 1950s. His publication of short stories in Payam-e Novin and elsewhere in the early 1960s, his establishment of Jong-e Isfahan (1965/73), the chief literary journal of the day published outside of Tehran, and his participation in efforts to reduce official censorship of imaginative literature brought him a reputation in literary circles[citation needed].
Golshiri's first collection of short stories was As Always (1968). He became famous for his first novel Prince Ehtejab (1968/69). Translated in Literature East & West 20 (1980), it is the story of aristocratic decadence, implying the inappropriateness of monarchy for Iran. Shortly after production of the popular feature film based on the novel, Pahlavi authorities arrested Golshiri and incarcerated him for nearly six months.
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Hushang Ebtehaj
Hushang Ebtehaj (هوشنگ ابتهاج), with the pen name of H. E. Sayeh (ه. ا. سایه, or H. E. Sayeh, lit. Shade) is an eminent Iranian poet of the 20th century, whose life and work spans many of Iran's political, cultural and literary upheavals.
He was born February 25, 1928 in Rasht, Iran, and had his primary schooling there before moving to Tehran. His first book of poetry, with an introduction by eminent poet Mehdi Hamidi Shirazi, was published when he was 19 years old. During Iran's open period following WWII, Sayeh got involved in various literary circles and contributed to various literary magazines such as Sokhan, Kavian, Sadaf, Maslehat, and others. Unlike many other literary figures of the time who got deeply involved in politics and left-leaning activities, Sayeh stayed true to his social and political consciousness but refrained from deeper involvement. He was employed at the National Cement Company for 22 years while continuing his literary activities. Later he was invited by the national Iranian Radio to produce the traditional music program "Golhaye Taze" and "Golchin Hafte."
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Hushang Irani
Hushang Irani (Persian: هوشنگ ایرانی) (born 1925 Hamedan – died 1973) was an Iranian poet, translator, critics, journalist and painter. He is one of the pioneers of The New Poetry in Iran.
Originally founded in 1950, Khorus Jangi (Persian: خروس جنگی, The Fighting Cock) was a small artistic group that published a journal by same title. In the beginning, Khosus Jangi was not significantly different from other literary journals of the time. A year later, however, Hushang Irani, the enfant terrible of modernist Persian poetry, joined the group. Under his influence, the journal was transformed into a radical modernist literary journal. It published Irani's poems, which no other literary journal of the day, and even almost no literary critics on those days, would dare to acknowledge as poetry. Irani has shrewdly observed and anxiously realized how the potentials that Nima had introduced into Persian poetry were being co-opted: Nima and modernist Persian poetry were in the process of becoming mainstream. Understanding this double edge of youthful tradition, Irani had both praised and condemned Nima.
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Ibn Arabi
Ibn ʿArabī (Arabic: ابن عربي) (Murcia July 28, 1165 – Damascus November 10, 1240) was an Arab Andalusian Sufi mystic and philosopher.
He was sometimes referred to as "the Son of Plato" (Ibn Aflatun) for his devotion to Plato.
'Abū 'Abdillāh Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn `Arabī (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن علي ابن محمد ابن عربي ) was born into a respectable family in Murcia, Taifa of Murcia on the 17th of Ramaḍān 561 AH (27th or 28 July 1165 AD). Muḥyiddin Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Arabī was widely known as al-Shaykh al-Akbar; in medieval Europe he was called Doctor Maximus.
His father, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad, served in the Army of ibn Mardanīsh. When ibn Mardanīsh died in 1172 AD, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad swiftly shifted his allegiance to the Almohad Sultan, Abū Ya’qūb Yūsuf I, and became one of his military advisers. His family then relocated from Murcia to Seville.
ibn ‘Arabī’s dogmatic and intellectual training began in Seville, then the cultural and civilized center of Muslim Iberia, in 578 AH. Most of his teachers were the clergy of the Almohad era and some of them also held the official posts of Qadi or Khatib. He was a young boy when his father sent him to the renowned jurist Abū Bakr ibn Khalaf to study the Qur'an. ibn ‘Arabī learned the recitation of the Qur'an from the book of Al-Kafi in the seven different Qira'at. The same work was also transmitted to him by another ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghālib ibn al-Sharrāt. At the age of ten, he was well-versed in the Qira’āt; afterwards he learned the sciences of Hadith, Fiqh and Sirah from the famous scholars of the time such as Al-Suhayli.
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Ibn Khordadbeh
Abu'l Qasim Ubaid'Allah ibn Khordadbeh (Persian: ابوالقاسم عبیدالله ابن خردادبه) (c. 820 – 912 CE), author of the earliest surviving Arabic book of administrative geography, was a Persian geographer and bureaucrat of the 9th century. The son of a wealthy Persian family in northern Iran, he was appointed "Director of Posts and Intelligence" for the province of Djibal in northwestern Iran under the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutammid (ruled 869–885 CE). In this capacity ibn Khordadbeh served as both postmaster general and the Caliph's personal spymaster in that vital province.
Around 846-847CE ibn Khordadbeh wrote Kitāb al Masālik w’al Mamālik (The Book of Roads and Kingdoms) (with the second edition of the book being published in 885CE). In this work, ibn Khordadbeh described the various peoples and provinces of the Abbasid Caliphate. Along with maps, the book also includes descriptions of the land, people and culture of the Southern Asian coast as far as Brahamputra, The Andaman Islands, peninsular Malaysia and Java. The lands of Tang China, Unified Silla (Korea) and Japan are referenced within his work.
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Ibrahim ibn Adham
Ibrahim ibn Adham (إبراهيم بن أدهم; c. 718 – c. 782 / AH c. 100– c. 165) is one of the most prominent of the early ascetic Sufi saints.
The story of his conversion is one of the most celebrated in Sufi legend, as that of a prince renouncing his throne and choosing asceticism closely echoing the legend of Gautama Buddha. Sufi tradition ascribes to Ibrahim countless acts of righteousness, and his humble lifestyle, which contrasted sharply with his early life as the king of Balkh (itself an earlier center of Buddhism). As recounted by Abu Nu'aym, Ibrahim emphasized the importance of stillness and meditation for asceticism. Rumi extensively described the legend of Ibrahim in his Masnavi. The most famous of Ibrahim's students is Shaqiq al-Balkhi (d. 810).
According to Muslim tradition, Ibrahim's family was from Kufa but he was born in Balkh. While some writers traced his lineage back to Umar, the most famous family tree of his Sufi ancestors, most authors trace it to 'Abdullah, the brother of Ja'far al-Sadiq, and son of Muhammad al-Baqir, the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali.
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Idries Shah
Idries Shah (16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه, Hindi: इदरीस शाह), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.
Born in India, the descendant of a family of Afghan nobles, Shah grew up mainly in England. His early writings centred on magic and witchcraft. In 1960 he established a publishing house, Octagon Press, producing translations of Sufi classics as well as titles of his own. His most seminal work was The Sufis, which appeared in 1964 and was well received internationally. In 1965, Shah founded the Institute for Cultural Research, a London-based educational charity devoted to the study of human behaviour and culture. A similar organisation, the Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK), exists in the United States, under the directorship of Stanford University psychology professor Robert Ornstein, whom Shah appointed as his deputy in the U.S.
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Imadaddin Nasimi
‘Alī ‘Imādu d-Dīn Nasīmī (Azerbaijani: Seyid Əli İmadəddin Nəsimi عمادالدین نسیمی, Arabic: عمادالدین نسیمی), often known as Nesimi, (1369 Unknown) –1417 skinned alive in Aleppo) was a 14th-century Azerbaijani[citation needed] or TurkmenḤurūfī poet. Known mostly by his pen name (or takhallus) of Nesîmî, he composed one divan in Azerbaijani, one in Persian, and a number of poems in Arabic. He is considered one of the greatest Turkic mystical poets of the late 14th and early 15th centuries and one of the most prominent early divan masters in Turkic literary history.
Very little is known for certain about Nesîmî's life, including his real name. Most sources indicate that his name was İmâdüddîn, but it is also claimed that his name may have been Alî or Ömer. It is also possible that he was descended from Muhammad, since he has sometimes been accorded the title of sayyid that is reserved for people claimed to be in Muhammad's line of descent.
Nesîmî's birthplace, like his real name, is wrapped in mystery: some claim that he was born in a province called Nesîm — hence the pen name — located either near Aleppo in modern-day Syria, or near Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, but no such province has been found to exist. There are also claims that he was born in Shamakhi-which is mostly likely because his brother is buried in Shamakhi, Azerbaijan.
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Iraj Mirza
Prince Iraj Mirza (1874–1926) (titled Jalāl-ol-Mamālek), son of prince Gholam Hossein Mirza, was a famous Iranian poet. He was a modern poet and his works are associated with the criticism of traditions. He had translations from the French language.
Iraj was born in October 1874 in Tabriz, the capital city of East Azarbaijan province in Iran. His Pedigree chart shows that he was a descendant of Fath Ali Shah Qajar, the second shah of Qajar dynasty (reigned 1797–1834). His Father, prince Gholam Hossein Mirza was son of prince Malek Iraj Mirza son of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar
Gholam Hossein Mirza, Iraj's father, was a poet laureate or the official court-poet of Mozaffar al-Din Mirza. Mozaffar al-Din Mirza, the son of Nasser-al-Din Shah (the fourth shah of Qajar dynasty reigned 1848–1896), was the Crown Prince (in Persian: Vali-Ahd) of Iran at the time. (As a tradition, all Crown Princes during Qajar era used to reside in Tabriz). Though some literatures indicate that Iraj was schooled privately, there are reliable evidences that he studied at a branch of the House of Sciences and Techniques (in Persian: Darolfonoon) in Tabriz. At 15, he was fluent in French, Arabic and Turkish. He was also familiar with the art of calligraphy. His handwriting was very artistic and he was and still is considered as one of the famous calligraphers of Iran. At 16, Iraj got married and at 19 he lost both his father and wife. He then took the position of his late father and became the court-poet of Mozaffar al-Din Mirza . At 22, when Mozaffar al-Din Mirza was succeeded to the throne in 1896 and became Mozaffar al-Din Shah; Iraj was titled as the Head of Poets (in Persian: Sadrol-Shaaeryn or Sadrol-Show-Araa). He was then titled as Jalal-ol-mamalek.
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Iraj Pezeshkzad
Iraj Pezeshkzad (Persian: ایرج پزشکزاد , Iraj Pezeshk'zād, born 1928 in Tehran) is an Iranian writer and author of the famous Persian novel Dā'i Jān Napoleon (Dear Uncle Napoleon, translated as My Uncle Napoleon) published in the early 1970s.
Iraj Pezeshkzad was born in Tehran, Iran in 1928 and was educated in Iran and France, where he received his degree in Law. He served as a judge in the Iranian Judiciary for five years prior to joining the Iranian Foreign Service. He served as a diplomat until the Iranian revolution in 1979, and left the Foreign Service to reside in France after the revolution, where he joined Shapour Bakhtiar and his party the National Movement of Iranian Resistance against the Islamic regime established in Iran. He wrote many political books for the party (example: "Moroori bar vagheye 15 khordad 42, az entesharat e nehzat e moghavemat e melli e Iran, Iraj Pezeshkzad").
He began writing in the early 1950s by translating the works of Voltaire and Molière into Persian and by writing short stories for magazines. His novels include Haji Mam-ja'far in Paris, Mashalah Khan in the Court of Haroun al-Rashid, Asemun Rismun, Honar-e Mard beh ze Dolat-e oost, and Dai Jan Napoleon. He has also written several plays and various articles on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, the French Revolution, and the Russian Revolution.
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Iskandar Khatloni
Iskandar Khatloni (October 1954 - 22 September 2000) was a journalist from Tajikistan who worked for Radio Free Europe and was murdered in Moscow, Russia while covering the Second Chechen War.
In the 1980s at the onset of glasnost in the Soviet Union Khatloni began worked as a BBC correspondent. In 1996 he became a correspondent for the Tajik language division of the Prague-based Radio Free Europe. In addition to his journalistic work, Khatloni was a distinguished poet and had published four volumes of verse.
Before his death Khatloni had been assigned to Moscow to report on human rights abuses in Chechnya.
On the evening of 22 September 2000 Khatloni was attacked inside of his Moscow apartment by an unknown, axe-wielding assailant. Khatloni was struck twice in the head and then stumbled onto the street and collapsed. He was later found by a passerby and taken to Moscow's Botkin Hospital, where he died that night of a serious head wound.
Speculation surrounding Khatloni’s murder has focused on his coverage of the war in Chechnya, a politically sensitive topic that brought great peril to Russian based journalists coving the subject. Just the previous spring, Igor Domnikov of Novaya Gazeta had been murdered while covering abuses by the Russian armed forces in Chechnya. Radio Free Europe's coverage of the Chechen conflict had caused the Russian Media Ministry to declare earlier in the year that the independent radio station was "hostile to our state." Moscow police opened an investigation of Khatloni’s murder, but no arrests were ever made in the case.
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Ivan Aguéli
Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii) (May 24, 1869 - October 1, 1917) also named Sheikh 'Abd al-Hādī 'Aqīlī (Arabic: شيخ عبد الهادی عقیلی) upon his conversion to Islam, was a Swedish wandering Sufi, painter and author. As a devotee of Ibn Arabi, his metaphysics applied to the study of Islamic esoterism and its similarities with other esoteric traditions of the world. He was the initiator of René Guénon into Sufism and founder of the Parisian al Akbariyya society. His art was a unique form of miniature Post-Impressionism where he used the blend of colours to create a sense of depth and distance. His unique style of art made him one of the founders of the Swedish contemporary art movement.
Ivan Aguéli was born John Gustaf Agelii in the small Swedish town of Sala in 1869, the son of veterinarian Johan Gabriel Agelii.
Between the years 1879-1889 Aguéli conducted his studies in Gotland and Stockholm. Early on in his youth he began showing an exceptional artistic talent and a keen interest in religious mysticism.
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Jafar Panahi
Jafar Panahi (Persian: جعفر پناهی ; born July 11, 1960 Meyaneh, East Azarbaijan) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter and film editor. After several years of making short films and working as an assistant director for Abbas Kiarostami, Panahi first achieved international recognition with his feature film debut The White Balloon in 1995, which won the Caméra d'Or at the 1995 Cannes Film Festival. Panahi was quickly recognized as one of the most influential filmmakers in the Iranian New Wave movement. Although his films were often banned in his own country, he continued to receive international acclaim from film theorists and critics and has won numerous awards, including the Golden Leopard at the 1997 Locarno International Film Festival for The Mirror, the Golden Lion at the 2000 Venice Film Festival for The Circle and the Silver Bear at the 2006 Berlin Film Festival for Offside. His films are often noted for their humanistic perspective, often focusing on the hardships of children, the impovershed and women in Iran.
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Jahaniyan Jahangasht
Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht مخدوم سید جہانیاں جہانگشت نقوی البخاری (b 1308- d 1384) was a famous Sufi saint from the South Asia. His descendants are known as Bukhari and are a prominent lineage of Suhrawardi Saadat. Makhdoom was born on 19 January 1308 AD (14 Shaban 707 AH) in Uch near Bahawalpur. His father, Syed Ahmed Kabir, was the youngest son of Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari, who came to the South Asia in 630 AH (1232 AD) from Bukhara.
Like his grandfather, his actual name was Jalaluddin, but due to his extensive travelling he acquired the title of Jahangasht, meaning "the world tourer".
He completed his education in Uch and Multan. Since the arrival of Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari, his family had been the centre of Islamic propagation in South Asia and due to this prominent status Makhdoom was appointed Shaikh ul Islam by the king Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq. This was a lofty appointment however, Makhdoom left the job and set out for hajj by foot which was considered a noble way to express the devotion to Allah.
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Jami
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī (Persian: نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی) also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami (August 18, 1414 – November 17, 1492), is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest Persian and Sufi poets of the 15th century. Jami was primarily an outstanding poet-theologian of the school of Ibn Arabī and a prominent Khwājagānī Sũfī. He was recognized for his eloquent tongue and ready at repartee who analyzed the idea of the metaphysics of mercy. Among his famous poetical works are: Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wa -Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.
Jami was born in Khardijird/Kharjerd in central Khorasan. Previously his father Nizām al-Dīn Ahmad b. Shams al-Dīn Muhammad had come from Dasht, a small town in the district of Isfahan. A few years after his birth, his family migrated to the cultural city of Herat where he was able to study Peripateticism, mathematics, Arabic literature, natural sciences, language, logic, rhetoric and Islamic philosophy at the Nizamiyyah University of Herat. His father became his first teacher and mentor, who was also a Sufi. While in Herat, Jami was a central role and function of the Timurid court, involved in the politics, economics, philosophy, religion, and Persian culture.
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Junayd of Baghdad
Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جنید بغدادی) was one of the most famous of the early PersianMuslim mystics, or Sufis, of Islam and is a central figure in the golden chain of many Sufi orders. Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his spiritual lifetime and was an important figure in the development of central Sufi doctrine. Junayd, like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics. Because of his importance in Sufi theology, Junayd was often referred to as the "Sultan".
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Jābir ibn Hayyān
Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (al-Azdi / al-Kufi / al-Tusi / al-Sufi), often known simply as Geber, (Persian: جابر بن حیان)(Arabic: جابر بن حیان) (born c. 721 in Tus, Persia; died c. 815 in Kufa, Iraq) was a prominent polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician. Born and educated in Tus, he later traveled to Kufa. Jābir is held to have been the first practical alchemist.
As early as the tenth century, the identity and exact corpus of works of Jābir was in dispute in Islamic circles. His name was Latinized as "Geber" in the Christian West and in 13th century Europe an anonymous writer, usually referred to as Pseudo-Geber, produced alchemical and metallurgical writings under the pen-name Geber.
In 987 Ibn al-Nadim compiled the Kitab al-Fihrist which mentions Jabir as a spiritual leader and as a companion to Jafar as-Sadiq (he is not listed among the students of Jafar as-Sadiq but many of the writings of the Jabirian corpus are dedicated to Jafar as-Sadiq). In another reference al-Nadim reports that a group of philosophers claimed Jabir was one of their own members. Another group, reported by al-Nadim, says only The Large Book of Mercy is genuine and that the rest are pseudographical. Their assertions are rejected by al-Nadim. Joining al-Nadim in asserting a real Jabir; Ibn-Wahshiyya ("Jaber ibn Hayyn al-Sufi ...book on poison is a great work..") Rejecting a real Jabir; (the philosopher c.970) Abu Sulayman al-Mantiqi claims the real author is one al-Hasan ibn al-Nakad al-Mawili. 14th century critic of Arabic literature, Jamal al-Din ibn Nubata al-Misri declares all the writings attributed to Jabir doubtful.
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Kalim Kashani
Kalim Kashani (1581/1585-1651) (Persian: کلیم کاشانی) was one of the leading Persian poets of the 17th century.
He was born in Hamadan, but soon moved to Kashan, and this is the reason for his pen-name/assoaciation (nisba) Kashani. He studied at Kashan and Shiraz, before going to Deccan in India. He then became friends with Shahnavaz Khan of Shiraz (d. 1611), a court official to Ebrahim Adelshah II, the ruler of Bijapur. His first trip to India did not bring him the success he desired, and he was imprisoned for a while due to chargers of being a spy. In 1619 he returned to Iran, placing high hopes of Iranian patrons. He became nostalgic for India (who he was genuinely fond of) and returned in 1621. Until 1628 he was at Agra in the service of Mir Jomla of Shahrestan, who himself was a poet with the pen name of Ruh- al-Amin). He address Ruh al-Amin in several panegyrics. In 1628, due to some eulogies of Abu-al-Ḥasan Āṣaf Khan, he became a member of the Mogul emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628-58). He impressed the Shah Jahan so much that in 1632 he was bestowed the title of(Malek al-šoʿarā).
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Kamal Khujandi
Kamal Khujandi (Persian: کمال خجندی), also Kamal Khojandi, Kamaleddin Khojandi, or Kamal-E Khojandi, was a Persian (Tajik) Sufi and Persian ghazal poet of 14th century (8th century hijri).
He was born in Khujand, today the capital of Sughd Province in Tajikistan. He lived in Tabriz and died in 1400 CE (807 AH).
He is counted among great romantic poets of the 14th century, like Amir Khosrow Dehlavi, Khwaju Kermani and Hafez. He was also a contemporary of Hafez. The modern Persian novelist and short story writer Sadegh Hedayat and his family trace their ancestry to Kamal Khojandi.
His tomb is located in the Tomb of Two Kamals at Tabriz, Iran, beside the tomb of Kamaleddin Behzad. There is also a statue of Kamal Khojandi nearby.
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Kambuzia Partovi
Kambuzia Partovi (also spelt Kambozia Partovi, born 1955) is an Iranian filmmaker and scriptwriter.
Partovi's latest movie, Café Transit, was nominated for the Oscars at 2007 to represent Iranian cinema in the competition for the best foreign language films. He has also written screenplays for other directors, most notably The Circle by maestro Jafar Panahi. Partovi trained and supported many Iranian artists and film makers, most notably Bahman Ghobadi.
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Khalid ibn Barmak
Khalid ibn Barmak (AD 705–782) was a member of the powerful Persian Barmakids family. When Balkh the native town of Barmakids fell to the Arabs in 663, Khalid ibn Barmak and his brothers moved to the garrison town of Basra in Iraq, where they converted to Islam. Their ancestor was a Pramukh (corrupted by the Arabs to Barmak), a title borne by the high priest in the Buddhist temple of Nawbahār.
He played an important role in the formation of the Abbasid dynasty. He is the first Barmakid about whom much is known. Khalid supported the revolt of As-Saffah, who was to become the first Abbassid caliph. In 747, he was put in charge of the distributions of war spoils from the revolt, then of the district of Dayr Qunna, and then in 749, was minister along with Abu Al-Jahm, and was chief of the land Tax bureau. He was also entrusted with the upbringing of the caliph's daughter.
Under the Caliphate of al-Mansur, he was appointed governor of Fars and, after helping obtain Prince Isa ibn Musa's renunciation of succession to the caliphate in 765, was governor of Tabaristan. He built the town of Mansura; and was later involved in the founding of Baghdad, and protested the use of material from Ctesiphon to build the new city
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Khalilullah Khalili
Khalilullah Khalili (1907 – 1987; Persian: خلیلالله خلیلی - Ḫalīlallāḥ Ḫalīlī; alternative spellings: Khalilollah, Khalil Ullah) was Afghanistan's foremost 20th century poet as well as a noted historian, university professor, diplomat and royal confidant. He was the last of the great classical Persian poets and among the first to introduce modern Persian poetry and Nimai style to Afghanistan. He had also expertise in Khorasani style and was a follower of Farrukhi Sistani. Almost alone among Afghanistan's poets, he enjoyed a following in Iran where his selected poems have been published. His works have been praised by renowned Iranian literary figures and intellectuals. Many see him as the greatest contemporary poet of the Persian language in Afghanistan. He is also known for his major work "Hero of Khorasan", a controversial biography of Habībullāh Kalakānī, Emir of Afghanistan in 1929.
Khalili was born in Kabul Province, and came from the same village as Habibullah Kalakani. He wrote exclusively in Persian and is sometimes associated with Tajik nationalist ideology. He belonged to the Persian-speaking Safi clan of Kohistan (modern Parwan). His father, Mirzā Muhammad Hussein Khān, was King Habibullah Khan's finance minister and owned mansions in Kabul and Jalalabad, but was later dismissed and hanged by Habibullah Khan's son and successor, Amanullah Khan. His mother was the daughter of Abdul Qādir Khān, a regional Safi tribal leader. She died when Khalili was seven.
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Khwaja Ghulam Farid
Hazrat Khawaja Ghulam Farid (Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi(Shahmukhi):حضرت خواجہ غُلام فرید, (Gurmukhi): ਹਜ਼ਰਤ ਖ਼੍ਵਾਜਾ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ ਫ਼ਰੀਦ, Hindi(Devanagari): हज़रत ख़्वाजा ग़ुलाम फ़रीद) or Khawaja Farid (1845-1901) is considered one of the most read and respected sufi poets in the Indian subcontinent. He belonged to Chishti-Nizami sufi order. He was born and died at Chachran Sharif and was buried at Mithankot in district Rajanpur. He traveled to different cities and preached for Islam and peace.
He was the son of Khwaja Khuda Bakhsh. His mother died when he was five years old and he was orphaned at age twelve when his father died. He was educated by his elder brother, Fakhr Jahan Uhdi.
He was a scholar of that time and wrote several books. He knew Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sindhi, Braj Bhasha, and Saraiki. He is great poet of Saraiki waseb. He also wrote some poems in Sindhi, Persian, and Braj Bhasha. He was an anti-imperialist poet. He opposed British rule in Bahawalpur. He said to ruler of Bahawalpur in his poem, "You rule yourself on your state and finish police station of British from your state." اپڑیں ملک کوں آپ وسا توں۔پٹ انگریزی تھانے
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Khwaju Kermani
Khwaju Kermani (Persian: خواجوی کرمانی) whose full name is Abu’l-ʿAṭā Kamāl-al-Din Maḥmud b. ʿAli b. Maḥmud Morshedi (1280–1352) was a famous Persian poet and Sufi mystic from Persia.
He was born in Kerman, Iran in 24 December 1290. His nickname Khwaju is a diminutive of the Persian word Khwaja which he uses as his poetic penname. This title points to descent from a family of hish social status. The nisba (name title) Morshedi indicates his associate with the Persian sufi master Shaykh Abu Eshaq Kazeruni, the founder of the Morshediyya order. He died around 1349 in Shiraz, Iran, and his tomb in Shiraz is a popular tourist attraction today. When he was young, he visited Egypt, Syria, Jerusalem and Iraq. He also performed the Hajj in Mecca. One purpose of his travel is said to have been education and meeting with scholars of other lands. He composed one his best known work Homāy o Homāyun in Baghdad. Returning to Persian lands in 1335, he strove to find a position as a court poet by dedicating poems to the rulers of his time, such as the Il-Khanid rulers Abu Saʿid Bahādor Khan and Arpā Khan, the Mozaffarid Mobārez-al-Din, and Abu Esḥāq of the Inju dynasty.
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Kisai Marvazi
Abul Hasan Abu Ishaq Kisa'i Marvazi was a 10th century poet of Persia.
Born in 953 CE and originating from Merv, he paid flattery first and foremost to the courts of the Samanids, but also to the Abbasids and Ghaznavids, particularly Mahmud of Ghazni.
He is said to have later converted to Shia Islam.
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Kurt Almqvist
Kurt Almqvist (1912–2001), PhD in Romance Languages, Swedish poet, intellectual and spiritual figure, representative of the Traditionalist School and the Perennial philosophy. Almqvist was a life-long disciple of the Swiss metaphysician and spiritual guide Frithjof Schuon. He came into close contact with the spiritual representatives of the Shadhiliyya order in the middle of the 1940s. He introduced Schuon's teachings on spirituality and transcendent unity of religions in a number of publications.[citation needed] He also introduced the works of René Guénon in his writings. He was a frequent contributor to the quarterly journal, Studies in Comparative Religion, which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.
Almqvist received his doctorate in 1951 from Uppsala university on a dissertation concerning Guilhem Ademar, Poésies du troubadour Guilhem Adémar. He is the author of several essays and books in Swedish on religion and metaphysics, including four collections of poetry.
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Lex Hixon
Lex Hixon (1941–1995; born Alexander Paul Hixon, also known as Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi) was an accomplished author, poet, and spiritual teacher. He practiced and held membership in several of the world's major great religious traditions, and documented his spiritual explorations in nine books and many articles and teachings given to various groups. His conviction that all of the great religions are true found expression in his works; this idea was sparked by his study of the life and teachings of Sri Ramakrishna, who gave these radical teachings in 19th century Calcutta. It became a passionate conviction for Hixon, and he made his life a witness to this belief by fully immersing himself in multiple religious practices and studies. This was not a research project but an act of faith.
Hixon was born in Pasadena, California on December 25, 1941, one of three sons of Alexander and Adelaide Hixon. He married his second wife Sheila in 1965; they had two daughters and one son. Shanti, India and Dylan (Hixon also had a daughter from a previous marriage). He graduated from Yale University, where he majored in philosophy, and received a PhD in Comparative Religion from Columbia University in 1976.
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Magtymguly Pyragy
Magtymguly Pyragy (Persian: مختومقلی فراغی Makhtumqoli Faraghi; Turkmen: Magtymguly Pyragy) (1733–1797) was a Turkmen spiritual leader and philosophical poet who made significant efforts to secure independence[citation needed] and autonomy for his people in the 18th century.
Magtymguly is widely believed to have been born in the Hajygowshan village near Gonbad-e Qabus city in what is now the Iranian province of Golestan. In his poetry, Magtymguly says “Tell those who enquire about me that I am a Gerkez, I hail from Etrek and my name is Makhtumkuli,” identifying his homeland as the banks of the Etrek River and expressing his identity through his tribe.
He received his early education in the Persian and Arabic languages from his father Döwletmämmet Azady (Persian: دولتمحمد آزادی), a leading scholar at that time. He went on to study in various madrassahs, including the Idris Baba Madrassah in the village of Gyzyl Ayak, the Madrassah of Shir Gazi Khan in Khiva, and may have also studied in Bukhara for some time. Upon his return home, Magtymguly worked as a silversmith while he taught and wrote. He went on to develop a realistic style of writing about 18th century Turkmen that proved very popular and ultimately led to him becoming one of the most cherished Turkmen poets of all time. He was also a devout naqshbandi Sufist who was said to have traveled throughout all the lands comprising modern Turkmenistan, teaching and praying for the salvation of his people.
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Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
Mahmoud Dowlatabadi (Persian: محمود دولتآبادی) (born 1940 in Dowlatabad, Sabzevar) is an Iranian writer and actor. He is known as a realist writer of stories of rural life, in which he largely draws on his own experiences.
Mahmoud Dowlatabadi was born in Dowlatabad, a village in the Sabzevar, the north-western part of the Khorasan Province, Iran, and spent his youth helping his father with farming and tending the flocks and reading tales of Persian folklore. But as a teenager, he became bored with rural life, left the keys to his shop with a village boy, and moved to Mashhad, where he stayed for just a year until his love of theatre brought him to Tehran. Soon after arriving in Tehran, he enrolled in acting classes and started to write whenever he found the time. He later joined the Anahita Drama Group. In 1975, he was arrested and spent over a year in prison.
Since he began writing in the 1960s, Dowlatabadi has published over ten novels as well as a number of novellas, short story collections, and plays. His first story, "The End of the Night," was published in 1962 in the Anahita Literary Magazine. His writing combines the poetic tradition of his culture with the everyday speech of the villages.
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Mahmud Shabistari
Mahmūd Shabistarī (1288 – 1340) (Persian: محمود شبستری) is one of the most celebrated PersianSufi poets of the 14th century.
Shabistari was born in the town of Shabestar near Tabriz in 1288 (687 AH), where he received his education. He became deeply versed in the symbolic terminology of Ibn Arabi. He wrote during a period of Mongol invasions.
His most famous work is a mystic text called The Secret Rose Garden (Gulshan-i Rāz) written about 1311 in rhyming couplets (Mathnawi). This poem was written in response to seventeen queries concerning Sufi metaphysics posed to "the Sufi literati of Tabriz" by Rukh Al Din Amir Husayn Harawi (d. 1318). It was also the main reference used by François Bernier when explaining Sufism to his European friends (in: Lettre sur le Quietisme des Indes; 1688)
Other works include The Book of Felicity (Sa'adat-nāma) and The Truth of Certainty about the Knowledge of the Lord of the Worlds (Ḥaqq al-yaqīn fi ma'rifat rabb al-'alamīn. The former is regarded as a relatively unknown poetic masterpiece written in khafif meter, while the later is his lone work of prose.
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Mahsati
Mahsati Ganjavi (Persian: مهستی گنجوی), (born circa 1089 Ganja, a city in modern Republic of Azerbaijan—after 1159) was a 12th century Persianpoet. Mahsati (مهستی) is a compound of two Persian words "Maah" (Moon) and "Sati" (Lady). The title appears in the works of Saadi, Nizami, Sanai, Rumi and Attar.. As an eminent poet, she was composer of quatrains (ruba'is).Originated from Ganja, she was said to have associated with both Omar Khayyam and Nizami. She is also said to have been a companion of Sultan Sanjar. Her alleged free way of living and peddled verses have stamped her as a Persian Madame Sans-Gêne. Her purported love affairs are recounted in the works of Jauhari of Bukhara.
No details about her life are documented except that she was born in Ganja and was highly esteemed at the court of sultan Sanjar of the Seljuk dynasty. She is said to have attracted the notice and gained the favor of Sanjar by the following verse, which she extemporized one evening when the King, on going out from his audience-hall to mount his horse, found that a sudden fall of snow had covered the ground.
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Mahshid Amirshahi
Mahshid Amirshahi is a contemporary Iranian writer born in Kermanshah. She is an active proponent of establishing a secular democracy in Iran, and as an opponent of the current Islamic republic, for which she moved into exile in France after the 1979 Iranian revolution.
During the revolution, Amirshahi was one of the only politically active writers openly supporting Shahpour Bakhtiar. She even published an article in Ayandegan in January 1979, warning the danger of a religious regime, and stressing on the necessity of supporting Bakhtiar, whom she named a national hero and maverick. She has continued her long enduring support for Bakhtiar to date, saying "It's a great pain to be a maverick, but at the same time, it brings you pride, which is a cure to that pain."
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Majid Majidi
Majid Majidi (Persian: مجید مجیدی , born 17 April 1959) is an internationally and critically acclaimed Iranian film director, film producer, and screenwriter. Majidi's films have touched on many themes and genres and he has won many international awards.
Born in an Iranian middle class family, he grew up in Tehran and at the age of 14 he started acting in amateur theater groups. He then studied at the Institute of Dramatic Arts in Tehran.
After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, his interest in cinema brought him to act in various films, most notably Mohsen Makhmalbaf's Boycott in 1985.
In 1998, Majidi directed the film Children of Heaven, which was nominated to receive the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. Though it lost to the Italian film Life Is Beautiful by Roberto Benigni, Children of Heaven is the first Iranian film to have been nominated by the Academy.
Majidi has directed several other feature films since Children of Heaven: The Color of Paradise in 2000, Baran in 2001, and The Willow Tree in 2005; alternate English title One Life More). He also recently directed a feature-length documentary titled Barefoot to Herat which chronicles life in refugee camps and the city of Herat during and after the anti-Taliban offensive of 2001.
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Manouchehr Atashi
Manouchehr Atashi (Persian: منوچهر آتشی) (September 25, 1931 - November 20, 2005) was a Persian poet, writer, and journalist.
He was born in 1931 in Dashtestan, Bushehr province His poetry is the poetry of the revolting warrior of the humiliated southern tribesman. He takes his work seriously and although attached to his native birthplace his poems are universal scope. In his later works Atashi has relaxed his rhythm and has moved toward direct expression of emotion.
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Manuchehri
Abu Najm Ahmad ibn Ahmad ibn Qaus Manuchehri (Persian: ابونجم احمد ابن احمد ابن قوص منوچهری دامغانی), a.k.a. Manuchehri Damghani, was a royal poet of the 11th century in Persia.
He was from Damghan in Iran and he is said to invent the form of musammat in Persian poetry and has the best ones too. He traveled to Tabarestan and was admitted to the court of King Manuchihr of Ziyarid dynasty and that's where he got his pen name. He later was a royal poet in the court of Sultan Shihab ud-Dawlah Mas'ud I of Ghazni son of Mahmud of Ghazna.
He has left behind a divan. His works were extensively studied by A. de Biberstein-Kazimirski in 1886.
He died in 1040 CE.
The following is the opening lines of one of his most famous musammat:
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Martin Lings
Martin Lings (also known as Abu Bakr Siraj Ad-Din) (January 24, 1909 – May 12, 2005) was an English Muslim writer and scholar, a student and follower of Frithjof Schuon, and Shakespearean scholar. He is best known as the author of a very popular and positively reviewed biography, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, first published in 1983 and still in print.
Lings was born in Burnage, Manchester in 1909 to a Protestant family. The young Lings gained an introduction to travelling at a young age, spending significant time in the United States due to his father's employment. Lings attended Clifton College and went on to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he gained a BA in English Language and Literature. At Magdalen, he was a student and then a close friend of C. S. Lewis. After graduating from Oxford Lings went to Vytautas Magnus University, in Lithuania, where he taught Anglo-Saxon and Middle English.
For Lings himself, however, the most important event whilst at Oxford was his discovery of the writings of the René Guénon, a French metaphysician and Muslim convert, and those of Frithjof Schuon, a German spiritual authority, metaphysician and Perennialist. In 1938, Lings went to Basle to make Schuon's acquaintance and he remained Frithjof Schuon's disciple and expositor for the rest of his life.[citation needed]
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Maruf Karkhi
Maruf Karkhi (Persian: معروف کرخی), known also by his full name Abu Mahfuz Maruf Ibn Firuz al-Karkhi, was a Sufi Saint who is a pivotal figure in Sufism. He came from a Christian background and the story of his conversion to Islam is one of the most famous in Islamic lore.
Maruf was born in the district of Wasit or Karkh in Baghdad. His father's name was Firuz, which suggests that he was of Persian origin. His original religion is usually understood to have been Christian, which may mean that the Armenian Islamic preacher and mystic, Farqad Sabakhi, may have mentored Maruf Karkhi.Attar narrates in his Memorial of the Saints that Maruf converted to Islam at a young age at the hands of Ali ibn Musa, after rejecting all forms of polytheism. Tradition recounts that he immediately went and told his father and mother, who rejoiced at his decision and became Muslims themselves. After accepting Islam, Maruf became a student of Dawud Ta'i, and underwent a severe trial of his discipleship. Maruf, however, remained steadfast and proved himself so devout that his righteousness became locally famous.
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Massoud Nawabi
Massoud Nawabi (1954–2010; Persian: مسعود نوابی-; alternative spellings: Masood Nawabi) also known as Ustad Nawabi, was an Afghan poet, writer, Director as well as a cultural personality, founder of Educational Committee for Afghan Refugees (ECAR), Afghan Cultural Center, Ghulam Habib Nawabi, Chief Administrator of the Afghan Ibn-e-Sina University and Principle of Ariana Mahajir High School. Massoud Nawabi was the Son of Ghulam Habib Nawabi, who was the last of the great Persian Poet and among the first to introduce modern Dari poetry to Afghanistan.
Massoud Nawabi Born to a Intellectual and Educated family in Kabul Afghanistan. He was well known for his literary criticism and his cultural works. He had hundreds of students, many are now themselves poets and writers. He wrote many topics, contents and published magazines like Beenish (بينش), Pohyesh (پويش) and Dewah (ديوه) on literary criticism in Persian Dari. He also initiated and edited several literary journals.
Nawabi was one of the initial script writers and feature writers for some Afghan based drama serials and Afghan Films like Samarqand and Tabloye Khanavade. He left a record about thousands of articles for different magazines, newspapers, websites, Afghan films and dramas and for the Ministry of Information and Culture of Afghanistan.
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Michael Sells
Michael Anthony Sells (Born in Butte MT, on May 8, 1949) is currently the John Henry Barrows Professor of Islamic History and Literature at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago.[1]. Michael Sells studies and teaches in the areas of qur'anic studies, Sufism, Arabic and Islamic love poetry, mysticism (Greek, Islamic, Christian, and Jewish), and religion and violence.
He completed a new and expanded edition of his 1999 book Approaching the Qur'an: the Early Revelations. Also published three volumes on Arabic poetry, Desert Tracings: Six Classic Arabian Odes, Stations of Desire, and The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature, Al-Andalus, which he co-edited and to which he contributed. His books on mysticism include Early Islamic Mysticism, translations and commentaries on influential mystical passages from the Qur'an, hadith, Arabic poetry, and early Sufi writings, as well as Mystical Languages of Unsaying, an examination of apophatic language, with special attention to Plotinus, John the Scot, Ibn al-`Arabi, Meister Eckhart, and Marguerite Porete. His work on religion and violence includes The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and Genocide in Bosnia, and The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy which he co-edited and to which he contributed. He teaches courses on the topics of the Qur'an, Islamic love poetry, comparative mystical literature, Arabic Sufi poetry, and Ibn al-`Arabi.[2]
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Mirzo Tursunzoda
Mirzo Tursunzoda (Tajik: Мирзо Турсунзода) (1911—1977) - was an important poet and a prominent politic figure. Today Tursunzoda has been elevated to the level of a national hero of Tajikistan. Tursunzoda's face appears on the front of the one Somoni note. The town of Tursunzoda is named in his honor. He was awarded the Stalin prize.
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Mohammad Sadri
Mohammad Sadri (Persian: محمد صدري ; September 8, 1963) is an Iranian film director, writer, film producer and cinematographer.
Sadri was born in Tehran, Iran. He graduated in cinema from the Art University Of Tehran. He has travelled extensively, particularly in war zones such as Afghanistan, Cuba, Ghana, Bosnia Herzegovina, Iraq and Sudan. He took part in the war between Iran and Iraq as a cinematographer with a filming group named "Revaiat e Fat'h" with his friendMorteza Aviny.
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Mohsen Makhmalbaf
Mohsen Makhmalbaf (Persian: محسن مخملباف, Mohsen Makhmalbaaf, born May 29, 1957) is an Iranian film director, writer, editor, and producer. During 2007 he was the president of Asian Film Academy.
Makhmalbaf's films have been widely presented in international film festivals in the past ten years. The multi-award-winning director, belongs to the new wave movement of Iranian cinema. Time magazine selected Makhmalbaf's 2001 film, Kandahar, as one of top 100 films of all time. In 2006, he was a member of the Jury at the Venice film festival.
Makhmalbaf left Iran in 2005 shortly after the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and now lives in Paris. As of June 12, 2009, and following the events of the 2009 Iranian presidential election, Mohsen Makhmalbaf has claimed that he has been appointed the official spokesman of Mir-Hossein Moussavi's campaign abroad.
Mohsen Makhmalbaf is a major figure in Iranian cinema. His films have explored the relationship between the individual and a larger social and political environment. As a result, his work serves as an extended commentary on the historical progression of the Iranian state and its people. Makhmalbaf focuses on several genres, from realist films to fantasy and surrealism, from minimalism to large frescos of everyday life, with a predilection (common to Iranian directors) for the themes of childhood and cinema.
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Moinuddin Chishti
Sultan-ul-Hind, Moinuddin Chishti (Urdu/Persian: معین الدین چشتی) (Persian: چشتی - Čištī) (Arabic: ششتى - Shishti) was born in 1141 and died in 1230 CE. Also known as Gharīb Nawāz "Benefactor of the Poor" (غریب نواز), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent. He introduced and established the order in South Asia. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid and Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history.
Moinuddin Chishtī is said to have been born in 536 A.H./1141 CE, in Chishti in Sistan region of Afghanistan. He was a Sayed, a descendant of Muhammad through Ja'far aṣ-Ṣādiq. He grew up in Persia. His parents died when he was only fifteen years old. He inherited a windmill and an orchard from his father. During his childhood, young Moinuddin was different from others and kept himself busy in prayers and meditation. Legend has it that once when he was watering his plants, a revered Sufi, Shaikh Ibrāhim Qundūzī (or Kunduzi) -- the name deriving from his birth place, Kunduz in Afghanistan -- came to his orchard. Young Moinuddin approached him and offered him some fruits. In return, Sheikh Ibrāhīm Qundūzī gave him a piece of bread and asked him to eat it. The Khwāja got enlightened and found himself in a strange world after eating the bread. After this he disposed of his property and other belongings and distributed the money to the poor. He renounced the world and left for Bukhara in search of knowledge and higher education.
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Mostafa Mastoor
Mostafa Mastoor (born 1965, Ahvaz) is an Iranian writer, translator and researcher. He has translated Carver's books into Persian.
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Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: محمد اقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), also known as Allama Iqbal (Urdu: علامہ اقبال), was a philosopher, poet and politician in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature, with literary work in both the Urdu and Persian languages.
Iqbal is admired as a prominent classical poet by Pakistani, Indian and other international scholars of literature. Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times". His first poetry book, Asrar-e-Khudi, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include Rumuz-i-Bekhudi, Payam-i-Mashriq and Zabur-i-Ajam. Amongst these his best known Urdu works are Bang-i-Dara, Bal-i-Jibril, Zarb-i Kalim and a part of Armughan-e-Hijaz. Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his various Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes over the years. In 1922, he was knighted by King George V, giving him the title "Sir".
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Nader Ebrahimi
Nader Ebrahimi (Persian: نادر ابراهیمی) (April 3, 1936 – June 5, 2008) was an Iranian writer, screenwriter, photographer, director and actor. Nader Ebrahimi He was born in 1936 in Tehran.
Ebrahimi is mostly known as a novelist. Three Opinions about the Man Who Came from Nowhere, A Quiet Loving and Forty Letters to My Wife, are some of the many books he has written. Ebrahimi's career ended in 2001 when he was afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Nadia Anjuman
Nadia Anjuman (1980? – 4 November 2005) was an Afghan poet and journalist from Afghanistan.
In 2005, while still a student at Herat University, she had her first book of poetry published, Gul-e-dodi ("Dark Red Flower") which proved popular in Afghanistan, Pakistan and even nearby Iran. Then, on November 4 of that year, police officers found her body in her home in the western city of Herat. Soon afterward, a senior police officer, Nisar Ahmad Paikar, stated that her husband had confessed to battering her, following a row, but not to killing her. It was reported that she died as a result of injuries to her head.
The United Nations condemned the killing soon afterwards. Their spokesperson, Adrian Edwards, said that "[t]he death of Nadia Anjuman, as reported, is indeed tragic and a great loss to Afghanistan... It needs to be investigated and anyone found responsible needs to be dealt with in a proper court of law". Paikar confirmed that her husband had indeed been charged. According to friends and family, Anjuman was apparently a disgrace to her family due to her poetry, which described the oppression of Afghan woman. A selection from one of Nadia Anjuman's poems is as follows: I am caged in this corner / full of melancholy and sorrow... my wings are closed and I cannot fly... I am an Afghan woman and I must wail". During the Taliban regime, Anjuman and other female writers of the Heret literary circle would study banned writers such as William Shakespeare and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Had they been caught, they risked being hanged.
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Najmuddin Kubra
Najmuddīn-e Kubrā (Persian: نجمالدین کبری) or Najm al-Din Kubra, (Shaykh Abū al-Jannāb Ahmad ibn ‘Umar) was a 13th-century Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia, the founder of the Kubrawiyya or Kubraviyah Sufi order, influential in the Ilkhanid and Timurid. His method, exemplary of a "golden age" of Sufi metaphysics, was related to the Illuminism of Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi as well as to Rumi's Shams Tabrizi. Kubra was born in 540/1145 and died in 617/1220.
Born in 540/1145, Najm al-din Kubra began his career as a scholar of hadith and kalam. His interest in Sufism began in Egypt where he became a murid of Shaykh Ruzbihan Baghli Shirazi, who was an initiate of the Oveisy order. After years of study, he abandoned his exploration of the religious sciences and devoted himself entirely to the Sufi way of life. Sufi shaikh Zia-Al-Din-'Ammar Bedlisi was Kubra's teacher, who tried to present Sufi thought in a new way to provide contemplation and influence for the reader. After receiving his khirka, Kubra gained a large following of gnostics and writers on Sufism It is because his followers are predominantly Sufi writers and gnostics, that Kubra was given the title "manufacturer of saints," and his order was named the Kubraviyah. Kubra's main body of works concerns the analysis of the visionary experience. He wrote numerous important works discussing the visionary experience, including a Sufi commentary on the Qu'ran that he was unable to complete due to his death in 617/1220. Kubra died during the Mongol conquests after refusing to leave his city, where he fought in hand-to-hand combat against the Mongols. Overall, Kubra is remembered as a pioneer of the Sufi tradition and explanation of spiritual visionary experiences. Kubra's work spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia where it flourished for many years, until it gradually was taken over by other similar more popular ideologies and Sufi leaders.
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Nasir Khusraw
Abu Mo’in Hamid ad-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw al-Qubadiani or Nāsir Khusraw Qubādiyānī [also spelled as Nasir Khusrow and Naser Khosrow] (1004 - 1088 AD (Persian: ناصر خسرو قبادیانی,Tajik: Носири Хусрав) was a Persian poet, philosopher, Isma'ili scholar, traveler and one of the greatest writers in Persian literature. He was born in Qubadyan, a village in middle-age Bactria in eastern Iranian province of Khorasan, now present-day in modern Tajikistan and died in Yamagan, Central Asia (now in Afghanistan). He is considered one of the great poets and writers in Persian literature. The Safarnama, an account of his travels, is his most famous work.
Nasir Khusraw was born in 1004 AD, in Qubadyan. He was well versed in the branches of the natural sciences, medicine, mathematics, astronomy and astrology, Greek philosophy, and the writings of al-Kindi, al-Farabi and Ibn Sina; and in the interpretation of the Qur'an. He also studied Arabic, Turkish, Greek, the vernacular languages of India and Sindh, and perhaps even Hebrew; and had visited Multan and Lahore, and the splendid Ghaznavid court under Sultan Mahmud, Firdousi's patron. He later chose Merv for his residence, and was the owner of a house and garden there.
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Nima Yooshij
Nimā Yushij (Persian: نیما یوشیج) (November 12, 1896 – January 6, 1960) also called Nimā (نیما), born Ali Esfandiāri (علی اسفندیاری), was a contemporary Tabarian and Persian poet who started the she’r-e now (شعر نو, "new poetry") also known as she’r-e nimaa'i (شعر نیمایی, "Nimaic poetry") trend in Iran. He is considered as the father of modern Persian poetry.
He died of pneumonia in Shemiran, in the northern part of Tehran and was buried in his native village of Yush, Nur County, Mazandaran, as he had willed.
He was the eldest son of Ibrahim Nuri of Yush (a village in Nur County, Mazandaran province of Iran). He was a Tabarian but had also Georgian roots. He grew up in Yush, mostly helping his father with the farm and taking care of the cattle. As a boy, he visited many local summer and winter camps and mingled with shepherds and itinerant workers. Images of life around the campfire, especially those emerging from the shepherds' simple and entertaining stories about village and tribal conflicts, impressed him greatly. These images, etched in the young poet's memory waited until his power of diction developed sufficiently to release them.
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Nizami Ganjavi
Nizami Ganjavi (Persian: نظامی گنجوی; Kurdish: Nîzamî Gencewî, نیزامی گهنجهوی, Nezāmi-ye Ganjavi; Azerbaijani: Nizami Gəncəvi, نظامی گنجوی; 1141 to 1209), Nizami Ganje'i,Nizami, or Nezāmi (Persian: نظامی), whose formal name was Niẓām ad-Dīn Abū Muḥammad Ilyās ibn-Yūsuf ibn-Zakkī, was a 12th-century Persian poet. Nezāmi is considered the greatest romantic epic poet in Persian literature, who brought a colloquial and realistic style to the Persian epic. His heritage is widely appreciated and shared by Afghanistan,Azerbaijan,Iran,Kurdistan region and Tajikistan.
His personal name was Ilyas and his chosen pen-name was Nezami (also spelled as Nizami and Neẓāmi). He was born of an urban background in Ganja (Great Seljuq empire now present-day Azerbaijan) and is believed to have spent his whole life in South Caucasus. According to De Blois, Ganja was a city which at that time had predominantly an Iranian population. The Armenian historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi (Ca. 1200-1271) mentions that: "This city was densely populated with Iranians and a small number of Christians".
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Nizamuddin Auliya
Sultan-ul-Mashaikh, Mehboob-e-Ilahi, Hazrat Shaikh Khwaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 - 3 April 1325) (Urdu: حضرت شیخ خواجہ سیّد محمد نظام الدّین اولیاء), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in the Indian Subcontinent, an order that believed in drawing close to God through renunciation of the world and service to humanity. He is one of the great saints of the Chishti order in India. His predecessors were Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki and Fariduddin Ganjshakar. In that sequence, they constitute the initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chisti order, which is widely prevalent in India and Pakistan.
Nizamuddin Auliya, like his predecessors, stressed upon the element of love as a means of realisation of God. For him his love of God implied a love of humanity. His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of secularity and kindness. It is claimed by the 14th century historiographer Ziauddin Barani that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was effected in their outlook towards worldly matters. People began to be inclined towards mysticism and prayers and remaining aloof from the world.
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Nooruddeen Durkee
Shaykh Abdullah Nooruddeen Durkee is a Muslim scholar, thinker, author, translator and the khalifah (successor) for North America of the Shadhdhuli School for Tranquility of Being and the Illumination of Hearts, Green Mountain Branch. Nooruddeen Durkee became a Muslim in his early thirties in al-Quds, Jerusalem. He is the founder of Lama Foundation and Dar al-Islam Foundation. His major contribution is in the area of education, and for many years specifically in the realm of teaching reading, writing, and reciting of Qur'anic Arabic, which grew out of his work in the translation and transliteration of the sacred texts of the Shadhdhuliyyah and finally the Qur'an. One of his main contributions is the development of a transliteration of the Qur'an which has enabled non-Arabic people to understand and recite Quranic Arabic. Additionally he serves as a khateeb and an imam for various nearby Muslim communities on the Eastern coast of United States.
Shaykh Noorudeen has been granted an 'ijaza in Islamic Calling (da'wah) by Shaykh and H.E. Ambassador Umar Abdullah of the Comoro Islands, an 'ijaza in Islamic Introspection and Observation (muraqabah) by Shaykh and Dr. Seyed Ali Ashraf of Dhaka, Jeddahand Cambridge, and an 'ijaza in the Teaching, Propagation of Islam and the Nourishment of the Murids by Shaykh and Qadi (retd) Muhammad al-Jamal ar-Rif'aiof al-Quds ash-Shareef. In the professional world he was granted a Masters Degree [M.Arch] in Islamic Building in 1983 by Dr. Hasan Fathy of the Institute of Appropriate Technology in Kuwait.
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Nosrat Rahmani
Nosrat Rahmani (نصرت رحمانی; in Persian; (1929 — June 16, 2000) was an Iranian poet and writer .
Rahmani was born in the slums of Tehran. He received his college degree from Ministry of PTT. After just a few years of services in the Ministry, Nosrat Rahmani sought employment with the state radio. Subsequently he abandoned government employment for journalism and freelance writing.
His poetry is the poetry of the stubborn, humiliated and revolting down-town people in Tehran's slums; he never forgets his concern for the plight of the urban poor. His memoirs entitled, The Man Lost in the Dust (1957), provide an emotional account of the life of an addict. During the 60's and 70's, Rahmani was especially popular among the youth. As a whole, his poetry is dramatic in structure and fantastic in effect, often attempting to recapture the past by poeticizing its recollections.
He died in Rasht in June 2000 at the age of 71.
Migration and Desert
Cashmere
Rendezvous in the Slime
The Burning of Wind
Harvest, Sword
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Nuh Ha Mim Keller
Nuh Ha Mim Keller (born 1954) is an American Muslim translator of Islamic books and a specialist in Islamic law, as well as being authorised by Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri as a sheikh in sufism in the Shadhili Order. He is one of the foremost Muslim theologians and experts on Sufism in the West.
Keller was born in 1954 in the Northwestern United States.[citation needed]
He studied philosophy and Arabic at the University of Chicago, located in Chicago, Illinois, and the University of California, Los Angeles, located in Los Angeles, California. Keller converted to Islam from Christianity in 1977.
His English translation of Umdat al-Salik, Reliance of the Traveller, (Sunna Books, 1991) is a Shafi'i manual of Shariah. It is the first Islamic legal work in a European language to receive the certification of Al-Azhar University. This translation has led to this work becoming influential among Western Muslims.
Nuh Ha Mim Keller possesses ijazas, or "certificates of authorisation", in Islamic jurisprudence from sheikhs in Syria and Jordan.[citation needed]
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Omar Ali Shah
Omar Ali-Shah (Hindi: ओमर अली शाह, Urdu: عمر علی شاہ) was a prominent exponent of modern Naqshbandi Sufism who lived from 1922 to 2005. He wrote a number of books on the subject, and was head of a large number of sufi groups, particularly in Latin America, Europe and Canada.
Omar Ali-Shah was born in 1922 into a family that traces itself back to the year 122 BC through the Prophet Mohammed and to the Sassanian Emperors of Persia. He was the son of Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah of Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh, India and the older brother of Idries Shah, another writer and teacher of Sufism.
Omar Ali-Shah gained notoriety in 1967, when he published, together with Robert Graves, a new translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. This translation quickly became controversial; Graves was attacked for trying to break the spell of famed passages in Edward FitzGerald's Victorian translation, and L. P. Elwell-Sutton, an Orientalist at Edinburgh University, maintained that the manuscript used by Ali-Shah and Graves – which Ali-Shah claimed had been in his family for 800 years – was a "clumsy forgery". The manuscript was never produced for examination by critics; the scholarly consensus today is that the "Jan-Fishan Khan manuscript" was a hoax, and that the actual source of Omar Ali-Shah's version was a study by Edward Heron-Allen, a Victorian amateur scholar.
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Omar Khayyám
Omar Khayyám (1048–1131; Persian: عمر خیام) was a Persian polymath: philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet. He also wrote treatises on mechanics, geography, mineralogy, music, climatology and Islamic theology.
Born in Nishapur, at a young age he moved to Samarkand and obtained his education there, afterwards he moved to Bukhara and became established as one of the major mathematicians and astronomers of the medieval period. He is the author of one of the most important treatises on algebra written before modern times, the Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra, which includes a geometric method for solving cubic equations by intersecting a hyperbola with a circle. He contributed to a calendar reform.
His significance as a philosopher and teacher, and his few remaining philosophical works, have not received the same attention as his scientific and poetic writings. Al-Zamakhshari referred to him as “the philosopher of the world”. Many sources have testified that he taught for decades the philosophy of Avicenna in Nishapur where Khayyám was born and buried and where his mausoleum today remains a masterpiece of Iranian architecture visited by many people every year.
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Osman Nuri Topbaş
Osman Nuri Topbaş (born in 1942) is a Turkish Sufi master and author who lives in Istanbul, Turkey. He is the spiritual leader of Naqshbandi Sufi Order based in Istanbul.
He was born in 1942 in Erenkoy/Istanbul. His father is master Musa Topbas, and his mother is the daughter of H.Fahri Kigili, Mrs. Fatma Feride. He completed his first training in Erenkoy Zihni Pasha Primary School. He took special Qur'an lessons in his primary school years. He entered Istanbul Imam Hatip School (Religious High School) in 1953. In those years, this school was an important educational institution having Ottoman’s great plane trees which can be counted as masters M. Celaleddin Okten and Mahir Iz; thinkers like Nureddin Topcu who has trained in West. Master (Ustadh) Osman Nuri Topbas completed this school with his uncle and peer Abidin Topbas in 1960. In his high school years, he has taken lessons from teachers like M. Zekai Konrapa, Yaman Dede (Abdülkadir Keçeoğlu), Ahmet Davutoğlu, Mahmud Bayram, Ali Rızâ Sağman. In his Imam-Hatip years, he met Ustadh Necip Fazil. He was a regular follower of Necip Fazil’s talks and magazine “Büyük Doğu”. After completing Imam-Hatip School successfully, he was occupied with trade and industrialism. He did his military service as reserve-officer teacher in Siirt-Tillo, in 1962. During his duty, the love of being teacher fell to his heart and he started to take pleasure from caring for the teenagers.
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Otman Baba
Otman Baba (c. 1378 – 8 Receb 1478) was a 15th-century dervish who traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire, acquiring a following among heterodox Muslims in Bulgaria after 1445 that has developed into his veneration as a saint. After Otman Baba's death, a pilgrimage complex grew around his grave in the present-day Bulgarian village of Teketo, which was made a museum during communism. The hagiography of Otman Baba, written by his disciple Küçük Abdal and regarded by his followers as a canonical text, maintains that Otman Baba performed miracles that proved his superiority to other dervishes and Ottoman authorities, particularly Sultan Mehmed II. Straying from orthodox Islamic tenets, Otman Baba asserted his unity with God and his mastery of divine secrets—as the embodiment of monotheistic religious figures such as Muhammad, Jesus, and Moses.
Written five-and-a-half years after his death, the vilâyetname (hagiography) of Otman Baba provides the most thorough if biased depiction of the mystic's life. It differs from similar hagiographic accounts, as it more prominently presents historical information during Otman Baba's lifetime. Written by a direct disciple of Otman Baba named Küçük Abdal (also Köğçek/Köçek Abdal), the original vilâyetname was entitled Haza Kitab-i Risale-i Vilâyet-name-i Sultan Baba, kaddes’ Allahu sırruh ül-aziz (This book is a book with description of the miracles of Sultan Baba, let Allah consecrate his tomb). Known manuscripts of the vilâyetname include a 260-page one transcribed by Şeyh Ömer (Umar) bin Dervish Ahmed in 1758 and one from the Bulgarian village of Gorna Krepost taken to Turkey with the Alevi emigrants. A modern Turkish retelling based on various sources also exists.
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Pari Saberi
Pari Saberi (Persian: پری صابری , born 1932 in Kerman) is an Iranian drama and theatre director and winner of the French Literature and Art Cavalier Badge by French President Jacques Chirac.
She studied at Vaugirard Cinematography College which is one of the famous cinematographic higher education institutes of France.
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Parviz Shahbazi
Parviz Shahbazi (born 1962 in Tehran, Iran) is a famous Iranian filmmaker.
Shahbazi is a graduate of filmmaking from Tehran's Iran Broadcasting College. During the early 80’s he began writing short stories and directing short films. He edited several films and directed 12 short films before making his first feature film, Traveler from the South, in 1996.
His debut feature film, Traveler from the South (1996) as well as his second film, Whispers (2000) went to countless festivals and brought him international recognition, collecting several prizes along the way. In 2002, his third film, Deep Breath was shown at the Directors' Fortnight at Cannes Film Festival to great success. Among other accolades it won a FIPRESCI award at Pusan and the Jury special award at Turin as well as the Best Film award at the Belgrade Author Festival.
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Payrav Sulaymoni
Payrav Sulaymoni (Tajik: پیرو سلیمانی / Пайрав Сулаймонӣ) (1899 — 1933), also transliterated as Pairaw Sulaimani, was a writer and poet from Tajikistan.
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Peer Zulfiqar Ahmad
Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad (Db) (also known as Peer Zulfiqar Ahmad) is a Shaykh (mentor) of Tasawwuf (Islamic Spiritualism). Formally granted authorization (ijazah) in the Naqshbandi spiritual path (tariqah), by Murshid-e-Alam (Chief Mentor) Shaykh Ghulam Habib Naqshbandi (Rah), he retired from his position as an electrical engineer at the age of forty, to devote himself entirely to religious work. He regularly[vague] travels to more than thirty countries. Thousands[vague] of religious scholars and students of Islamic learning are among his students (murids). Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad regularly[vague] delivers lectures in both English and Urdu across the world. He has written dozens[vague] of books, many[vague] of which have been translated into several[vague] languages. A testament to his deep love for Allah, his uncompromising dedication to sunnah of the blessed Prophet , and his firm adherence to Islamic Law (shariah) is that thousands of religious scholars and students of Islamic learning are among his students (murids). Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad's spiritual chain traces back through a series of authentic teachers all the way to the Holy Prophet . Below is the Honorable chain silsila.
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Persian people
The Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians. The synonymous usage of Iranian and Persian has persisted over the centuries although some modern Western sources use Iranic/Iranian as a wider term that includes the term Persian as well as related Iranian languages and ethnic groups. However, these terms have been used both synonymously as well as in a complementary fashion since ancient times; as the Ancient Iranian peoples such as the Old Persians, Medes, Bactrians, Parthians and Avesta peoples considered themselves to be part of the greater Iranian ethnic stock.
The term Persian translates to "from or of Persis" which is a region north of the Persian Gulf located in Pars, Iran. It was from this region that Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid empire, united all other Iranian empires (such as the Medes and the Elamites), and expanded the Persian cultural and social influences by incorporating the Babylonian empire, and the Lydian empire. Although not the first Iranian empire, the Achaemenid empire is the first Persian empire well recognized by Greek and Persian historians for its massive cultural, military and social influences going as far as Athens, Egypt, and Libya.
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Pouran Derakhshandeh
Pourān Derakh'shandeh (Persian: پوران درخشنده) (born 1951, Kermanshah, Iran) is an Iranian film director, producer, screen writer, and researcher.
Pourān Derakh'shandeh graduated in film directing in 1975 from Advanced School of Television and Cinema (مدرسه عالی تلویزیون و سینما) in Tehran. She started her professional career by making documentary films for the Kermanshah Television and subsequently for the Tehran Television. Her motion pictures include Relationship (1986), A Little Bit Happiness (1987), Passing Through the Dust (1988), Lost Time (1989), A Love Without Frontier (1998), Candle in the Wind (2003), Wet Dream (2005) and Eternal Children (2006).
DIRECTOR, screen writer, Producer and researcher, Pouran derakhshandeh was born in 1951, Iran. Graduated Form “X-NIRT’s collage of cinema and television” in 1975. At the time she began working at NIRT and Produced “Plague”; A documentary about plague disease in Kurdistan Province. Next year, she produced a documentary about “Last Wednesday of the year “Ceremony in some areas of Iran. In 1978 she director “mineral springs of rah haraz” and a trilogy doc about handicraft in Kurdistan titled, “Moj, janamaz and sajadeh”, “Nazok kari” and “short –napped coarse carpet”. Four episode “syn the tic and natural Fibber” was a research documentary about thread, worsted cotton, silk and synthetic fiber. During 1979-1980: Pouran derakhshandeh Produced “the wheels whirl”. It has a look to economical and society depression and closed manufactures like Iran National. A “Shokaran”, focused on addiction 17 episode doc. Difficulties in women /men and children, drug’s smuggles and its Prevention ways. The production longed from 1980 to 1982.
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Qalandar Baba Auliya
Qalandar Baba Auliya (Urdu: قلندر با با اولیا) is the title of the Sufi mystic Sayyed Muhammad Azim Barkhiyya (can also spell Azeem) (1898, Uttar Pradesh, India – January 27, 1979, Karachi), the founder of the Azimiyya. His mother was adopted by Baba Tajuddin of Nagpur and hence Qalandar Baba always referred the latter as his nana (maternal grandfather). He was given the honorifics Abdal-i-Haq and Hasn-e-Ukhra (Urdu: سید محمد عظیم برخیا).
Living in Aligarh he spent much time in the company of the local Sufi Kabli Baba. After he had completed the 12th grade of school, Baba Tajuddin summoned him to Nagpur, where he spent nine years under Baba's guidance until his death in 1929. During this time his mother died, leaving four daughters and two sons, Muhammad Azim being the eldest son. Baba Tajuddin arranged his marriage with one of his disciples' daughters in Delhi. Muhammad Azim moved his family to Delhi and worked there as a journalist until the partition of India in 1947. After this he and his family migrated to Pakistan, settling in Karachi's Lyari subdivision. He was appointed sub-editor of the Daily Urdu Dawn.
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Qatran Tabrizi
Abū-Mansūr Qatrān-i Tabrīzī (Persian: قطران تبريزى, born 1009, died 1072) was a royal Persian poet.
He was born in Sahar near Arrah, bihar Tabriz and was the most famous panegyrist of his time in Iran. His full name according to an old manuscript handwritten by the famous poet Anvari Abivardi (529 Hijra about 60 years after the death of Qatran) is Abu Mansur Qatran al-Jili al-Azerbaijani. The Al-Jili would identify his ancestry from Gilan while he himself was born in Shadiabad. He also identifies himself as part of the Dehqan class.
According to Jan Rypka: “He sings the praise of some thirty patrons. His work has aroused the interest of historians, for in many cases Qatran has perpetuated the names of members of regional dynasties in Azerbayjan and the Caucasus region that would have otherwise fallen in oblivion. His best qasidas were written in his last period, where he expressed gratitude to the prince of Ganja, the Shaddadid Fadlun, for the numerous gifts that were still recollected by the famous Jami (d. 1492). Qatran’s poetry follows in the wake of the poets of Khurasan and makes an unforced use of the rhetorical embellishment. He is even one of the first after Farrukhi to try his hand at the Qasida-i Masnu’i, ‘particular artificial qasida’".
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Qeysar Aminpour
Kaiser Aminpour (Persian: قیصر امینپور) (died 2007) was an Iranian poet.
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Rabia Balkhi
Rābi'a bint Ka'b al-Quzdārī (Persian: رابعه بنت کعب), popularly known as Rābi'a Balkhī (رابعه بلخی) and Zayn al-'Arab (زین العرب), is a semi-legendary figure of Persian literature and was possibly the first poetess in the history of New Persian poetry. References to her can be found in the poetry of Rūdakī and 'Attār. Her biography has been primarily recorded by Zāhir ud-Dīn 'Awfī and renarrated by Nūr ad-Dīn Djāmī. The exact dates of her birth and death are unknown, but it is reported that she was a native of Balkh in Khorāsān (now in Afghanistan). Some evidences indicate that she lived during the same period as Rūdakī, the court poet to the Samanid Emir Naṣr II (914-943).
Her name and biography appear in 'Awfī's lubābu 'l-albāb, 'Attār's maṭnawīyat, and Djāmī's nafahātu 'l-uns. She is said to have been descended from a royal family, her father Ka'b al-Quzdārī, a chieftain at the Samanid court, reportedly descended from Arab immigrants who had settled in eastern Persia during the time of Abu Muslim.
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Rabia Basri
Rābiʻa al-ʻAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya (Arabic: رابعة العدوية القيسية) or simply Rābiʿah al-Baṣrī (Arabic: رابعة البصري) (717–801 C.E.) was a female Muslim saint and Sufi mystic.
She was born between 95 and 99 Hijri in Basra, Iraq which is ~715 Julian . Much of her early life is narrated by Farid al-Din Attar, a later Sufi Saint and poet, who used earlier sources. Rabia herself did not leave any written works.
She was the fourth daughter of her family and therefore named Rabia, meaning "fourth". Although not born into slavery, her family was poor yet respected in the community.
According to Farid al-Din Attar, Rabia's parents were so poor that there was no oil in house to light a lamp, nor a cloth even to wrap her with. Her mother asked her husband to borrow some oil from a neighbor, but he had resolved in his life never to ask for anything from anyone except the Creator. He pretended to go to the neighbor's door and returned home empty-handed.
In the night Muhammad appeared to him in a dream and told him, "Your newly born daughter is a favorite of the Lord, and shall lead many Muslims to the right path. You should approach the Amir of Basra and present him with a letter in which should be written this message: 'You offer Durood to the Holy Prophet one hundred times every night and four hundred times every Thursday night. However, since you failed to observe the rule last Thursday, as a penalty you must pay the bearer four hundred dinars'".
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Rasul Sadr Ameli
Rasool Sadr Ameli (Persian: رسول صدر عاملی , born 1953 in Isfahan, Iran) is an Iranian film director, screenwriter, and film producer.
He made his directorial debut, The Liberation in 1982 after a decade of working in journalism. In nearly all his films, he is fascinated by family melodrama. His The Chrysanthemums (1985), was one of the top grossing films of the year. Sadr Ameli won an award for the Best Director as well as the Best Script award (as the co-writer) at the 20th Fajr International Film Festival for Man, taraneh, panzdah sal daram.and his film every night of solitude won an award in the Chicago film festival.
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Raziq Faani
Raziq Faani (Persian: رازق فانی) was a renowned Persian poet and novelist from Kabul. He published more than ten volumes of poetry and novels in Persian.
Raziq Faani was one of Afghanistan’s most celebrated contemporary poets, whose work is described as mystical, compassionate, and patriotic. His poems describe the suffering of the his people through decades of war, destruction, and exile.
Faani received his primary and secondary education in Afghanistan, and earned a Master’s degree in political economy in Sofia, Bulgaria, in 1967. He had already published his first book of poetry, “Armaghan-e Jawani”, in 1966. Returning to Afghanistan, it was only following the Soviet invasion that he returned to literary work. His second work, the novel "Baaraana" was published in Kabul in 1983. In 1987, with the situation in Kabul worsening, he published a selection of political satire entitled “Ameer e Ba Salaheyat” (Competent director). He left Afghanistan in 1988, and lived with his family in San Diego, California. His nephew is the Afghan singer Ahmad Shah Hassan. He died on 22 April 2007 at age 63, in California.
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René Guénon
René Guénon (November 15, 1886 – January 7, 1951), also known as Shaykh `Abd al-Wahid Yahya, was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics, having written on topics ranging from metaphysics, "sacred science" and traditional studies to symbolism and initiation.
In his writings, he proposes either "to expose directly some aspects of Eastern metaphysical doctrines", these doctrines being defined by him as of "universal character", or "to adapt these same doctrines for Western readers while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit"; he only endorsed the act of "handing down" these Eastern doctrines, while reiterating their "non-personal character".
He wrote and published in French and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages.
René Guénon was born in Blois, a city in central France approximately 100 miles (~ 160 km) from Paris. Guénon, like most Frenchmen of the time, was born into a Roman Catholic family. Little is known of his family, although it appears that his father was an architect. By 1904, Guénon was living as a student in Paris, where his studies focused on mathematics and philosophy. He was known as a brilliant student, notably in mathematics, in spite of his poor health.
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Reshad Feild
Reshad Feild (born Richard Timothy Feild; 15 April 1934) is an English mystic, author, spiritual teacher, and musician. He is the author of more than a dozen books about Sufism and spirituality and has exercised a huge influence amongst western seekers over the last forty years[citation needed].
As a young, upper-class Englishman, he was educated at Eton and served in the Royal Navy, where he had an undistinguished career. In the early 1960s Feild was a founding member of the popular British folk trio The Springfields.
Feild was influenced spiritually by the teachings of, among others, G. I. Gurdjieff and P. D. Ouspensky. He was very much involved with spiritual healing, and was involved with the Alice Bailey community. In the late '60's, he was initiated as a sheikh in the Sufi Order International by Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan. He also met and studied with Bulent Rauf, a Turkish author and translator who himself stemmed from a long line of Sufism going back to the Andalusian mystic Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi (1165–1240). He established the Beshara Centre at Swyre Farm in Aldsworth, England, in 1970. A description of events at this center is given in the books I, Wabenzi and Beshara and Ibn 'Arabi: A Movement of Sufi Spirituality in the Modern World, by Rafi Zabor.
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Reza Abdoh
Reza Abdoh (February 23, 1963, in Tehran, Iran – May 12, 1995 in New York City) Iranian-born American director and playwright known for large-scale, experimental theatrical productions, often staged in unusual spaces like warehouses and abandoned buildings.
Abdoh was born in Tehran in 1963. In Reza Abdoh, academic Daniel Mufson says that Abdoh often "embellished" his achievements between 1972 and 1983. For example, he may or may not have participated in the Robert Wilson play Ka Mountain in Iran. Mufson says that according to records at the University of Southern California Abdoh studied for one semester in 1979. In 1983 he began directing plays, often adapting classics like King Lear, King Oedipus, and Medea in Los Angeles theaters.
In 1990, Abdoh directed Father Was a Peculiar Man, a multimedia performance featuring more than 50 performers that occurred across four blocks of New York City's meatpacking district. That year he also wrote and directed The Hip-Hop Waltz of Eurydice, staged at the Los Angeles Theatre Center. Abdoh called it a "gut reaction to systemic repression and erosion of freedom" in an interview with Thomas Leabhart published in Mime Journal. His work often confronted such issues as race, class and AIDS.
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Reza Amirkhani
Reza Amirkhani is a contemporary Iranian novelist.
He started writing at high school with "ERMIA" novel. He has studied mechanical engineering at Sharif University of Technology and is a graduate of National Organization for Development of Exceptional Talents; he also writes essays and researches about scientific & social problems. Some of his novels, remarkably Man-e-oo (His Ego)[citation needed], "AZ BE", "NASER ARMANI" has received some popular acclaim[citation needed]. There are also Dastan-e-Sistan and Nasht-e-Nesha written by him that describes some social problems and their solutions.
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Reza Baraheni
Reza Baraheni (Persian: رضا براهنی, born in Tabriz, Iran in 1935) is an exiled Iranian novelist, poet, critic, and political activist.
Former president of PEN Canada, the often called "Iran's finest living Writer"[citation needed] lives in Toronto, Canada, where he used to teach at the Centre for Comparative Literature at the University of Toronto.
He’s the author of more than fifty books of poetry, fiction, literary theory and criticism, written in Persian and English.[citation needed]
His works has been translated in a dozen of languages.[citation needed]
Moreover, he has translated into Persian works by Shakespeare, Kundera, Mandelstam, Andric, and Fanon.
Winner of the Scholars-at-Risk-Program Award of the University of Toronto and Massey College, Baraheni has taught in the University of Tehran, Iran,[citation needed] University of Texas in Austin, Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, the University of Toronto and York University. He has also been Fellow of St. Antony’s College, Oxford University, Britain, Fellow of the University of Iowa, Iowa City, and Fellow of Winters College, York University.
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Reza Ghassemi
Reza Ghasemi (born 1949) is an Iranian novelist and musician.
He was born in Mahshahr from Isfahanian descent. Besides his excellence in the field of fiction, for which he is so popular, he has an undeniable talent in classical Iranian music. He is a true master of the Persian Lute the Setar. He has composed some songs for the Iranian Pavarotti master Shahram Nazeri. He has also been on stage with some other leading Iranian vocalists such as master Mohammad Reza Shajarian and Sepideh Raissadat.
His best-known composition is the last track on the best-selling classical Iranian album, Gol-e Sadbarg released in 1984. This album, which includes compositions from Jalal Zolfonoun, Shahram Nazeri as well as Reza Ghassemi, is believed to have the most influential effect on Iranian young artists who were reluctant to learn the Setar.
Since the release of the album Gol-e Sadbarg, Setar found unbelievably great popularity among Iranians. In truth, Ghassemi and his two famous colleagues, mentioned above, began a new era in Iranian classical music. Though he lives in France, Ghassemi has not given up teaching Iranian music. Farrokhzad Layegh has studied Setar with Mr. Ghassemi, among some other masters.
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Reza Mirkarimi
Reza Mirkarimi (Persian: رضا میرکریمی , born 1966 in Tehran) is an award-winningIranian film writer and director.
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Robert Frager
Robert Frager is a Harvard-trained psychologist. He is the past president of the Association for Transpersonal Psychology and the founder of the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, where he is currently Director of the low residency Master of Arts in Spiritual Guidance program and professor of Psychology.
Frager is renowned[citation needed] for his pioneering work in the field of transpersonal psychology and for his role in establishing the country's first educational institution dedicated to this emerging field of research and practice. He also teaches courses in Spiritual Psychology and The Wisdom of Islam at the online University of Philosophical Research in Los Angeles and also in the online MA program of the Holmes Institute.[citation needed]
He is also a Sufi teacher, or sheikh, in the Halveti-Jerrahi Order, in which he was initiated by Muzaffer Ozak. He currently leads a dergah (Sufi community) in Redwood City, California as Sheikh Ragip al-Jerrahi.
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Rudaki
Abu Abdollah Jafar ibn Mohammad Rudaki (Persian: ابوعبدالله جعفر ابن محمد رودکی, Tajik: Абӯабдуллоҳ Ҷаъфар Ибни Муҳаммад, entitledآدم الشعرا Ādam ul-Shoara or Adam of Poets), also written as Rudagi (858 - ca. 941), was a Persian poet, and is regarded as the first great literary genius of the Modern Persian, who composed poems in the "New Persian" alphabet. Rudaki is considered as a founder of Persian classical literature.
He was born in 858 in Rudak (Panjrud), a village located in Panjakent, Tajikistan. Even though most of his biographers assert that he was completely blind, some early biographers are silent about this or do not mention him as being born blind. His accurate knowledge and description of colors, as evident in his poetry, renders this assertion very doubtful. He was the court poet to the Samanid ruler Nasr II (914–943) in Bukhara, although he eventually fell out of favour; his life ended in poverty.
Early in his life, the fame of his accomplishments reached the ear of the Samanid Nasr II ibn Ahmad, the ruler of Khorasan and Transoxiana, who invited the poet to his court. Rudaki became his daily companion, amassed great wealth, and become highly honored. It is claimed that he well deserves the title of the father of Persian literature, or the Adam or the Sultan of poets even though he had various predecessors, because he was the first who impressed upon every form of epic, lyric and didactic poetry its peculiar stamp and its individual character. He is also said to have been the founder of the diwan, or the typical form of the complete collection of a poet's lyrical compositions in a more or less alphabetical order, which all Tajik-Persian writers use even today.
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Rumi
Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد بلخى Persian pronunciation: [dʒælɒːlæddiːn mohæmmæde bælxiː]), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلالالدین محمد رومی Persian pronunciation: [dʒælɒːlæddiːn mohæmmæde ɾuːmiː]) and popularly known as Mevlānā in Turkey and Mawlānā (Persian: مولانا Persian pronunciation: [moulɒːnɒː]) in Iran and Afghanistan but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273) was a 13th-century PersianMuslim poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic.Rūmī is a descriptive name meaning "Roman" since he lived most of his life in an area called "Rûm" (then under the control of Seljuq dynasty) because it was once ruled by the Eastern Roman Empire. He was one of the figures who flourished in the Sultanate of Rum.
It is likely that he was born in the village of Wakhsh, a small town located at the river Wakhsh in Persia (in what is now Tajikistan). Wakhsh belonged to the larger province of Balkh, and in the year Rumi was born, his father was an appointed scholar there. Both these cities were at the time included in the greater Persian cultural sphere of Khorasan, the easternmost province of Persia and was part of the Khwarezmian Empire.
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Sadegh Hedayat
Sadegh (also spelled as Sadeq) Hedayat (in Persian: صادق هدایت; February 17, 1903, Tehran — 4 April 1951, Paris, France) was Iran's foremost modern writer of prose fiction and short stories.
Hedayat was born to a northern Iranian aristocratic family in Tehran and was educated at Collège Saint-Louis (French catholic school) and Dar ol-Fonoon (1914–1916). In 1925, he was among a select few students who travelled to Europe to continue their studies. There, he initially went on to study engineering in Belgium, after a year he gave this up to study architecture in France. While there, he gave up architecture to pursue dentistry. In this period he became acquainted with Therese, a Parisian with whom he had a love affair. In 1927 Hedayat attempted suicide by throwing himself into the river Marne, however he was rescued by a fishing boat. After four years in France and Belgium, he finally surrendered his scholarship and returned home in the summer of 1930 without receiving a degree. In Iran he held various jobs for short periods.
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Sadeq Chubak
Sādeq Chubak (Persian: صادق چوبک), sometimes Sādegh Choubak, (August 5, 1916—July 3, 1998), was an author of short fiction, drama, novels and one of the leading 20th-century writers of Iran. Chubak's short stories are characterized by their intricacy, economy of detail, and concentration on a single theme, leading some to compare them to Persian miniature paintings.
Sadeq Chubak was born in Bushehr, where he first studied before moving to Shiraz and then Tehran. For some time he was employed the Ministry of Education and the Oil Company. Widely considered as the greatest naturalist writer in Persian literature, he has written a large bulk of works including novels, short stories, and plays. The collected stories Puppet Show and The Monkey Whose Master had Died have exercised profound influence on modern Persian literature. Chubak died on July 3, 1998, in Berkeley, California, U.S.
In his works, Chubak studies the lives of the downtrodden people of the society who are victimized by iniquities and natural deterministic forces. Sympathetic to the sorrows and miseries of such people, he offers one single solution, combating corruption and injustice.
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Sadriddin Ayni
Sadriddin Ayni (Tajik: Садриддин Айнӣ, Persian: صدرالدين عيني, also Sadriddin Aini; April 1878 - 15 July 1954) was a Tajik intellectual who wrote poetry, fictional writing, journalism, history and lexicography. He is regarded[by whom?] as Tajikistan's national poet and one of the most important writers in the country's history.
Ayni was born in a peasant family in the village of Saktara in what was then the Emirate of Bukhara. He became an orphan at 12 and moved to join his older brother in Bukhara, where he attended a madrasa and learned to write in Arabic.[citation needed]
In the early 1920s Ayni helped to propagate the Russian Revolution in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In 1934 he attended the Soviet Congress of Writers as the Tajik representative. By purporting national identity in his writings, he was able to escape the Soviet censors that quieted many intellectuals in Central Asia. Ayni survived the Soviet Purges, and even outlived Stalin by one year. He was member of the Supreme Soviet of Tajikistan for 20 years, was awarded the Order of Lenin three times, and was the first president of the Academy of Sciences of Tajik SSR. After 1992, his writing helped to bind together a sense of Tajik nationalism that survived the collapse of the Soviet Union.[citation needed]
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Saheb Qibla Fultali
Abdul Latif Chowdhury (Bengali: আব্দুল লতিফ চৌধুরী; 1913 – 16 January 2008), widely known as Saheb Qiblah Fultali, was an Islamic scholar of theology, philosopher, qira'at/tajweed teacher, murshid/pir, spiritual esotericist, philanthropist, and spiritual leader.
Abdul Latif Chowdhury 'Saheb Qibla Fultali' was born on 1913 (1321 AH) in the village of Fultali, Zakiganj, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Fultali Saheb died on Thursday 16 January 2008 at 2:10 am, in Sobhanighat, Sylhet due to natural causes. His funeral prayer took place on the day of his death following Asr Prayer Salah.
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Saib Tabrizi
Saib Tabrizi (Persian: صائب تبریزی, Ṣāʾib Tabrīzī, میرزا محمّدعلی صائب تبریزی, Mīrzā Muḥammad ʿalī Ṣāʾib, 1601/02-1677) also called Saib Isfahani (Persian: صائب اصفهاني, Ṣāʾib Eṣfahānī) was a Persian poet and one of the greatest masters of a form of classical Arabic and Persian lyric poetry characterized by rhymed couplets, known as the ghazel. In addition to his Persian works, Mīrzā Moḥammad-ʿAlī Ṣāʾeb Tabrīzī wrote 17 ḡazals and molammaʿs in his native Azeri.
Ṣāʾib was born and educated in city of Eṣfahān and in about 1626/27 he traveled to India, where he was received into the court of Shāh Jahān. He stayed for a time in Kabul and in Kashmir, returning home after several years abroad. After his return, the emperor of Persia (Iran) Shāh ʿAbbas II, bestowed upon him the title King of Poets.
Ṣāʾib's reputation is based primarily on some 300,000 couplets, including his epic poem Qandahār-nāma (“The Campaign Against Qandahār”). His “Indian style” verses reveal an elegant wit, a gift for the aphorism and the proverb, and a keen appreciation of philosophical and intellectual exercise. Saib was especially well known for his Persian panegyric poetry during the reigns of Persian Emperors Safi, Abbas II, and Sulayman.
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Saint Nuri
Ahmed Ibn Abu al-Hassan al-Nuri (Persian: ابو الحسین النوری) (died 907 AD), known also as Nuri, was a famous early Sufi saint. He was born in Bagdad (in 840) where spent most of his life. He is the author of Maqamat al-qulub (Stations of the Hearts). He is famous for saying, "I love God and God loves me". He is one of the earliest sufis who was clearly mystical as illustrated by his saying "Joining with the Truth is parting from everything else, as parting with everything else is joining with it"
Nuri and several of his friends were accused of heresey and charged in 878 C.E. Nuri offered to be tried before his companions. The regent at the time was impressed by such magnaminity and investigated the case and found these Sufis to be good Muslims. Thus he set the accused free. Nuri, however, was exiled to Ar-Raqqah in Syria, whence he returned some years later, much deteriorated physically.
Poetry and statements from Nuri are narrated in popular Sufism. According to popular accounts, he gained the title "Nuri" because he "radiated light when talking". He was acquainted with Junayd Baghdadi.
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Samira Nozari
Samira Nozari (Persian: سمیرا نوزری) (May 12, 1982 in Tehran, Iran) is a female Iranian contemporary poet and writer. Nozari is also a painter and paints classical work on a regular basis.
She went to school in Tehran and graduated with a university degree in Chemical Engineering. She started writing at the early age of 14 and wrote "White Morning", which was her first short story. Her first poetry book was published in 2010 in Persian language and was successful in Iran. In June 2010, a debuted presentation of her first book was done in Tehran's Artists' Garden, a cultural centre dedicated to famous artists and their work. Her first book was also published on audio DVD and CD and was distributed in Iran and abroad in 2010. Simplicity plays the major part in her poems.
In 2011 her second book, "Lonely Birthday", was translated and published in English.
She is one of the member of Iranian Literature Foundation.
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Samuel Khachikian
Samuel Khachikian (Persian: ساموئل خاچیکیان , 1923, Armenian: Սամուէլ Խաչիկեան, Tabriz Iran, – 22 October 2001, Tehran) was an Iranian film director, screenwriter, author, and film editor of Armenian descent. He was one of the most influential figures in Iran's movie industry and was nicknamed "Iran's Hitchcock".
Born 1923 in Tabriz to a family of Armenian immigrants, Samuel Khachikian published his first poem “The Prison” in the Alik newspaper when he was nine. Five years later, he gave his first stage performance in Tabriz in a play titled “Seville”. He completed his education in History and Journalism, and wrote eight plays which went on stage not only in different cities of Iran, but also in Los Angeles, San Francisco and Greece.
Khachikian made his first film in 1953, titled “The Return”. He was among the first and few directors who used the decoupage technique on the film set, preparing the complete shooting script in advance. The success of his works attracted a lot of attention to the advantages of this filmmaking approach. As an innovative filmmaker, he turned the production of murder mysteries into a popular new wave in the Iranian filmmaking. He made the first ever movie trailer in the history of Iranian cinema for the movie “A Girl from Shiraz” in 1954. Some of his films such as “The Strike” and “The Eagles” were box office hits of their times. Samuel's son Edwin Khachikian is currently a director in Tehran, Iran. Samuel's brother Souren Khachikian was also heavily involved in the production of his films. Souren's grandson Ara H. Keshishian [1] is currently working as a film editor in Hollywood.
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Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (Persian: حکیم ابوالمجد مجدود بن آدم سنایی غزنوی) was a PersianSufi poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Afghanistan between the 11th century and the 12th century. Some people spell his name as Sanayee. He died around 1131.
He was connected with the court of the Ghaznavid Bahram-shah who ruled 1118-1152. It is said that once when accompanying Bahramshah on a military expedition to India, Sanai met the Sufi teacher Lai-khur. Sanai quit Bahramshah's service as a court poet even though he was promised wealth and the king's daughter in marriage if he remained.
He wrote an enormous quantity of mystical verse, of which The Walled Garden of Truth or The Hadiqat al Haqiqa (حدیقه الحقیقه و شریعه الطریقه) is his master work and the first Persian mystical epic of Sufism. Dedicated to Bahram Shah, the work expresses the poet's ideas on God, love, philosophy and reason.
For close to 900 years The Walled Garden of Truth has been consistently read as a classic and employed as a Sufi textbook. According to Major T. Stephenson: "Sanai’s fame has always rested on his Hadiqa; it is the best known and in the East by far the most esteemed of his works; it is in virtue of this work that he forms one of the great trio of Sufi teachers — Sanai, Attar, Jalaludin Rumi." Sanai taught that lust, greed and emotional excitement stood between humankind and divine knowledge, which was the only true reality (Haqq). Love(Ishq) and a social conscience are for him the foundation of religion; mankind is asleep, living in a desolate world. To Sanai common religion was only habit and ritual.
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Sari Saltik
Sari Saltik (Turkish: Sarı Saltuk, Ottoman Turkish: صارى صالتق Ṣarı̊ Ṣaltı̊q, also referred as Sari Saltuk Baba or Dede) (d. 1297/1298) was a 13th-century semi-legendary Turkish dervish, venerated as a saint by the Bektashis in the Balkans and parts of Middle East.
According to the 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi, his real name was Mehmed, and he originated from Bukhara. According to 14th-century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, Saltik was an "ecstatic devotee", although "things are told of him that are reproved by the Divine Law". He is considered by various sources a disciple of Mahmud Hayran, of Haji Bektash Veli, or of one of the successors of Ahmed ar-Rifa'i. In a fetwa by the 16th century Sheikh ul-Islam Ebu's-Su'ud Effendi, Sari Saltik is considered a "Christian monk" who became a skeleton by asceticism. Early 20th century historian Frederick Hasluck considered him a saint of a Tatar tribe from Crimea, which had brought his cult into Dobruja, from where it was spread by the Bektashis.
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Shah Nimatullah Wali
Shāh Nimatullāh or Shāh Ni'matullāh Wali (1330–1431) (Persian: شاه نعمتالله ولی Shāh Ni'matullāh-i Valī), also spelled as Ne'matollah, Ni'matallah and Ni'mat Allah, was a Sufi Master and poet from the 14th and 15th centuries. Today there is a Sufi order Nimatullahi that considers him its founder.
Born in Aleppo, Syria, Ni’mattullah traced his own descent from the seventh Ismaili Imam, Muhammad ibn Ismail in both a poetic work as well as an epistle reproduced by his biographers ‘Abd al-Razzāq Kirmānī and ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Wā’iẓ. Ni'matullah travelled widely through the Muslim world, learning the philosophies of many masters, but not at first finding a personal teacher he could dedicate himself to. During this time, Ni'matullah also studied the writings of the great Sufi philosopher and mystic Ibn ʿArabī.
Ni'matullah met Abdollah Yafe'i in Mecca and subsequently became his disciple. He studied intensely with his teacher for seven years until, spiritually transformed, he was sent out for a second round of travels, this time as a realized teacher.
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Shah Waliullah
Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlawi (February 21, 1703 – August 20, 1762) was an Islamic scholar and reformer. He was born during the reign of Aurangzeb. He worked for the revival of Muslim rule and intellectual learning in South Asia, during a time of waning Muslim power. He invited Ahmed Shah Abdalli (Durrani) to attack India and quell the rising power of Marathas. He opposed the divisions and deviations within Islam and its practice in India and hoped to "purify" the religion and unify all Indian Muslims under his "banner of truth". He is also thought to have anticipated a number of progressive social, economic, and political ideas of the modern era such as social reform, equal rights, labour protection, welfare entitlement of all to food, clothing and housing. Religious tolerance was one of the ideas of the modern era that he promoted.
Shah Waliullah was a descendent of the Quraish tribe of Arabia and his genealogy can be traced to the second khalifa of Islam, Umar on his paternal side. His father, Shah Abdur Rahim, named his son 'Qutbuddin Ahmad'. He was dubbed as 'Shah Waliullah' because waliullah means "friend of God" and he was a pious individual. He was from the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah and was an adherent of Hanafi jurisprudence. His complete name was Shah Waliullah Qutbuddin Ahmad and he was born in Phulat, a town in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India on February 21, 1703.
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Shahrnush Parsipur
Shahrnush Parsipur (Persian: شهرنوش پارسی پور , born February 17, 1946 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian novelist. She is the daughter of an attorney in the Iranian Justice Ministry originally from Shiraz.
Born and raised in Tehran, she received her B.A. in sociology from Tehran University in 1973 and studied Chinese language and civilization at the Sorbonne from 1976 to 1980. Her first book was Tupak-e Qermez (The Little Red Ball – 1969), a story for young people. Her first short stories were published in the late 1960s. One early story appeared in Jong-e Isfahan, no. 9 (June 1972), a special short-story issue which also featured stories by Esma'il Faish, Houshang Golshiri, Taqi Modarresi, Bahram Sadeqi, and Gholam Hossein Saedi. Her novella Tajrobeh'ha-ye Azad (Trial Offers – 1970) was followed by the novel Sag va Zemestan-e Boland (The Dog and the Long Winter), published in 1976. In 1977, she published a volume of short stories called Avizeh'ha-ye Bolur (Crystal Pendant Earrings).
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Shams Langeroodi
Mohammad Shams Langeroodi (Persian: شمس لنگرودی) (b. November 17, 1950 in Langerood, Iran) is a contemporary Iranian poet, author and university lecturer. He has researched extensively on different periods of Persian poetry, most famous of which has resulted in An Analytic History of Persian Modern Poetry in four volumes. He is currently in the process of publishing his second novel.
Shams Langeroodi was born in Langerood, Gilan, Iran as Mohammad Taghi Javaheri Gilani. Later his father changed their last name to Shams.
He published his first poetry book in 1976, but it wasn't until 1980s that he established himself as one of the major poets of that decade when his poetry gained attention due to its novel imagery and surreal elements.
He currently lives in Tehran, Iran and is also the editor of Ahang-e Digar publications along with Hafez Mousavi and Shahab Mogharabin.
Published in 1998 in four volumes, An Analytic History of Persian Modern Poetry was the first extensive research work done on the contemporary Persian poetry. It starts from 1905 and goes year by year describing the events in Iran's political and social scenes, poetry and criticism conditions, literary magazines and poetry books published each year along with selected reviews including a brief review by the author up until 1979. In order to focus on research Shams Langeroodi did not publish any poetry book for 10 years.
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Shams Tabrizi
Shams-i-Tabrīzī or Shams al-Din Mohammad (1185-1248) was a PersianMuslim, who is credited as the spiritual instructor of Mewlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi, also known as Rumi and is referenced with great reverence in Rumi’s poetic collection, in particular Diwan-i Shams-i Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz). Tradition holds that Shams taught Rumi in seclusion in Konya for a period of forty days, before fleeing for Damascus. The tomb of Shams-i Tabrīzī was recently nominated to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
According to Sipah Salar, a devotee and intimate friend of Rumi who spent forty years with him, Shams was the son of the Imam Ala al-Din. In a work entitled Manāqib al-‘arifīn (Eulogies of the Gnostics), Aflaki names a certain ‘Ali as the father of Shams-i Tabrīzī and his grandfather as Malikdad. Apparently basing his calculations on Haji Bektash Veli's Maqālāt (Conversations), Aflaki suggests that Shams arrived in Konya at the age of sixty years. However, various scholars have questioned Aflaki’s reliability.
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Shaykh Tusi
Shaykh Tusi (Persian: شیخ توسی), full name: Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi (Persian: ابوجعفر محمد بن حسن توسی), known as Shaykh al-Taʾifah (Arabic: شيخ الطائفة) was a prominent Persian scholar of the Shi'a Twelver Islamic belief.
Abu Jaʿfar Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. ʿAli b. al-Hasan al-Tusi was born in Tus in Iran in the year 385 of the Islamic era.
Al-Shaikh al-Tusi grew up in Tus and began his studies there. In 408 A.H. he left Tus to study in Baghdad. There he first studied under al-Shaikh al-Mufid, who died in 413 A.H. Leadership of the Shi'ite scholars then fell to al-Sharif al-Murtada. The latter remained in this position until his death in 436 A.H. During this time al-Shaikh al-Tusi was closely associated with al-Sharif al-Murtada. His vast scholarship and learning made him a natural successor of al-Sharif al-Murtada as the leading spokesman of Shi'ite Islam. So impressive was his learning that the Abbasid caliph, al-Qadir, attended his lectures and sought to honour him.
In the closing years of al-Shaikh al-Tusi's life the political situation in Baghdad and the domains of the Abbasid caliphate was in turmoil. The Saljuqids fiercely anti-Shiʿite, were gaining commanding power in the centre of the Islamic Empire at the expense of the Buyids who had always seemed tolerant to Shi'ite views. In 447 Tughril-bek the leaders of the Saljuqids entered Baghdad. At this time many of the 'ulama' in Baghdad, both Sunni and Shiʿite were killed. The house of al-Shaikh al-Tusi was burnt down, as were his books and the works he had written in Baghdad, together with important libraries of Shi'ite books. Fanaticism against the Shi'a was great.
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Sheik Edebali
Sheikh Edebali (1206–1326) was a highly influential and respected Turkish religious leader, who helped shape and develop the policies of the growing Ottoman State.
Although sources pertaining to his place of birth are conflicting, Sheikh Edebali may have been born in Karaman, an important city for Seljuk Empire. Other sources indicate that he migrated to Anatolia from Khorasan, a region in Central Asia comprising modern day Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan.
After finishing his studies in Islamic law at Karaman, Edebali went to Damascus where he studied under notable Islamic scholars and thinkers. Edebali returned to Anatolia and settled in a village near Eskisehir.
Affluent and wealthy, Edebali spent his money for other people as he built lodges for religious students, gave food to the poor, and funded Islamic law programs aimed at teaching Anatolian Turks the principles of Islam. Edebali, who was also referred to as Mullah, is considered the spiritual founder of Ottoman Empire and also being the first Qadi of the empire.
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Siavash Kasraie
Siavash Kasraie (also spelled Siavash Kasrai, Siavash Kasra'i, or Siavash Kasraei, Persian: سياوش كسرايي ) (February 25, 1927, Isfahan - February 8, 1996, Vienna) was an Iranian poet.
Kasraie graduated from Tehran University, Faculty of Law. He was a native of Isfahan. His first collection of poetry was published in 1957 followed in 1959 by "Arash the Archer", based on the mythological tale of Arash. The second collection of poetry brought him to fame immediately.
Life
Translation: Mohammad Rajabpur
Oh, yeah
Oh, yeah
Life is beautiful
Life is an eternally-built fireplace
If lit, you can behold its flame dance from each side
If not, it’s out & its being out is our fault.
زندگی
آری
آری
زندگی زیباست
زندگی آتشگهی دیرینه پابرجاست
گربیفروزیش رقص شعله اش در هر کران پیداست
ورنه خاموش است و خاموشی گناه ماست
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Simin Behbahani
Simin Beh'bahāni (Persian: سیمین بهبهانی) (born July 20, 1927, Tehran, Iran) is one of the most prominent figures of the modern Persian literature and one of the most outstanding amongst the contemporary Persian poets. She is Iran's national poet and an icon of the Iranian intelligentsia and literati who affectionately refer to her as the lioness of Iran. She has been nominated twice for the Nobel Prize in literature, and has "received many literary accolades around the world."
Simin Behbahani, whose real name is Simin Khalili (سيمين خليلي), is the daughter of Abbās Khalili (عباس خلیلی), poet, writer and Editor of the Eghdām (Action) newspaper, and Fakhr-e Ozmā Arghun (فخرعظمی ارغون), poet and teacher of the French language. Abbās Khalili (1893–1971) wrote poetry in both Persian and Arabic and translated some 1100 verses of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh into Arabic. Fakhr-e Ozmā Arghun (1898–1966) was one of the progressive women of her time and a member of Kānun-e Nesvān-e Vatan'khāh (Association of Patriotic Women) between 1925 and 1929. In addition to her membership of Hezb-e Democrāt (Democratic Party) and Kānun-e Zanān (Women's Association), she was for a time (1932) Editor of the Āyandeh-ye Iran (Future of Iran) newspaper. She taught French at the secondary schools Nāmus, Dār ol-Mo'allemāt and No'bāvegān in Tehran.
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Simin Daneshvar
Simin Dāneshvar (Persian: سیمین دانشور) (28 April 1921 – 8 March 2012) was an Iranian academic, novelist, fiction writer and translator, largely regarded as the first major Iranian woman novelist. Daneshvar had a number of firsts to her credit. In 1948, her collection of Persian short stories was the first by an Iranian woman to be published. The first novel by an Iranian woman was her Savushun ("Mourners of Siyâvash", also known as A Persian Requiem, 1969), which went on to become a bestseller. Daneshvar's Playhouse, a collection of five stories and two autobiographical pieces, is the first volume of translated stories by an Iranian woman author.
Simin Daneshvar was born on 28 April 1921 in Shiraz, Persia. Her father, Mohammad Ali Danesvhar, was a physician. Her mother was a painter. Daneshvar attended the English bilingual school, Mehr Ain. Daneshvar entered the Persian literature department at the University of Tehran in the fall of 1938. In 1941, her third year of university, her father died, and to support herself she began writing pieces for Radio Tehran as the "Nameless Shirazi." She wrote about cooking and food as well as other things. She also began writing for the foreign affairs section of a newspaper in Tehran, since she could translate from English.
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Sohrab Sepehri
Sohrab Sepehri (Persian: سهراب سپهری) (October 7, 1928 - April 21, 1980) was a notable modern Persian poet and a painter.
He was born in Kashan in Isfahan province. He is considered to be one of the five most famous modern Persian (Iranian) poets who have practised "New Poetry" (a kind of poetry that often has neither meter nor rhyme). Other practitioners of this form were Nima Youshij, Ahmad Shamlou, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, and Forough Farrokhzad.
Sohrab Sepehri was also one of Iran's foremost modernist painters.
Sepehri died in Pars hospital in Tehran of leukemia. His poetry is full of humanity and concern for human values. He loved nature and refers to it frequently. The poetry of Sohrab Sepehri bears great resemblance to that of E.E. Cummings.
Well-versed in Buddhism, mysticism and Western traditions, he mingled the Western concepts with Eastern ones, thereby creating a kind of poetry unsurpassed in the history of Persian literature. To him, new forms were new means to express his thoughts and feelings.
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Sufi Barkat Ali
Hadrat Abu Anees Muhammad Barkat Ali Al-Ludhianiwi (Quddisa Sirrahul Aziz), also referred to as Babaji Sarkar by his disciples (27 April 1911 – 26 January 1997) was a Muslim Sufi saint who belongs to Qadri silsila of Hadrat Abdul-Qadir Gilani born in a small village of Brahmi in the Tehsil of Ludhiana in Northern India.
Hadrat is founder of the non-political, non-profit, religious organisation, Darul Ehsan.
Hadrat was born into a Muslim family belonging to the Dhariwal Jatt ethnic group. His father, Mian Nigahi Bakhsh, was an employee of the British Army.
Like the other Muslims he learned the reading of the Qur'an in his village Brahmi and then went for education to the nearest available schools in the towns of Halwara, a famous town for its Indian Air Force base and Rai Kot.[citation needed]
He gave various interviews to Pakistan National TV Channel PTV. On September 25, 2008 Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri praised the founder of Darul Ehsan, Barkat Ali and his work while talking to the participants.
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Sultan Walad
Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad (Persian: بها الدین محمد ولد), more popularly known as Sultan Walad (Persian: سلطان ولد), was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi, and one of the founders of the Mawlawiya (Persian: مولویه)order.
He was given the name of his grandfather Sultan al-Ulama Baha al-Din Walad. Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi sent Sultan Walad and his brother Ala al-Din Muhammad to Aleppo and Damascus for the study of religious sciences. Sultan Walad was deeply trusted by Rumi, and it was him that Rumi sent to seek Shams Tabrizi after the disappearance of Shams.
Sultan Walad married the daughter of Salah al-Din Zarkub, Fatima Khatun. He had two daughters by her and one son (Jalal Ali-Din Arif). Sultan Walad at the insistence of his entourage, took up the succession which, at his father's death, he had declined in favour of Husam Al-Din.
With Sultan Walad, the Mawlawiya order starts in the true sense of the word, since he gathered the followers (Murids) of his father around himself and organized the order. He also erected a mausoleum for his Rumi, which also became the center of his order.
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Taftazani
Sa'ad al-Din Masud ibn Umar ibn Abd Allah al-Taftazani (Persian: سعدالدین مسعودبن عمربن عبداللّه هروی خراسانی تفتازانی) also known as Al-Taftazani and Taftazani (1322 - 1390) was a Muslim Persianpolymath. He also wrote a commentary on the Qur'an in Persian called "Kashf-al-Asrar" and translated the Persian poetry and prose of Saadi into Turkic.[not in citation given]
Al-Taftazani was born in 1322 in Taftazan, Khorasan in Iran, then in the Sarbedaran state. He completed his education in various educational institutions in the cities of Herat, Gujduvan, Feryumed, Gulistan, Khwarizm, Samarkand and Sarakhs. He mainly resided in Sarakhs. He was active during the reign of Timur, who noticed him as a promising scientist and supported his scholarship, and was part of his court. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani famously remarked about him that "science ended with him in the East" and "no one could ever replace him", due to the Mongol invasion of Central Asia, which ended the Islamic Golden Age. He died in Samarkand in 1390 and was buried in Sarakhs. He sincerely practiced Islam, and practiced and preached in the Hanafi and Maturidi schools. He was of the Hanafi school in matters of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) and a Maturidi with regard to issues of Aqidah (Islamic creed).
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Tage Lindbom
Tage Leonard Lindbom, who later in his life took the name Sidi Zayd, (24 October 1909, Malmö - 2001), PhD in Political science, who was early in his life the party theoretician and director of the archives of the Swedish Social Democratic Party 1938-1965, but later in his life he converted to Islam. He became a representative of the Traditional School and the Perennial philosophy. Lindbom has been called "the grand old man" of Swedish conservativism and is the author of more than 20 books on philosophy and religion. He was a contributor to the quarterly journal, Studies in Comparative Religion, which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.
Since the early 1960s Lindbom was a disciple of the Swiss metaphysician Frithjof Schuon, who is the foremost representative of sapiential esoterism in the modern world. Lindbom had an inner group of spiritual students in Sweden and is the author of the first esoteric commentary on the Koran in Swedish, entitled Encounter with the Koran.
wn.com/Tage_Lindbom -
Tahereh Saffarzadeh
Tahereh Saffarzadeh (Persian: طاهره صفارزاده , 1936 in Sirjan, Kerman Province, Iran – October 25, 2008 in Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian poet, writer, translator and prominent university professor.
She received her BA in English language and literature in 1960. Several years later she left Iran for England and then to the United States. Upon being accepted as a member of International Writing Program, she also enrolled for M. F. A program which is essentially designed so as to enable the writers, the poets, the painters etc., to teach their respective fields of art both in practical workshops and theoretical courses, at university level. For her degree she studied major contemporary world literature with a special focus on practical literary criticism and translation workshops.
Saffarzadeh has so far published fourteen volumes of poems and she is also the author of ten books on the principles of translation regarding literary, scientific and Qur'ānic texts respectively.
In regards to effectiveness of science of translation, Saffarzadeh has presented several theories of which "the Scientific Progression via Translation" has been regarded the most notable one. In the book "Translating the Fundamental Meanings of the Holy Qur'an" (1999) which is a genuine research on the English and Persian Translations of Qur'ān, she has succeeded in finding the main flaws and shortcomings; and by depiction of those defects she has introduced a new gate of approach in finding equivalents in the domain of translation of the Qur'ān the effect of which has appeared as this remarkable conceptual translation. She's published her bilingual translation of Qur'an in Persian and English 2001, which is the first bilingual translation of Qur'an.
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Tahir ibn Husayn
Tahir ibn Husayn (Arabic, Persian: طاهر بن حسين) (died 822) was a general and governor during the Abbasid caliphate. In Arabic he is known as Zol-Yamanein meaning the warrior with two right hands as he used to fight with two sword in his both hands. Taher did was a rebel and an anti-caliphate person who strengthened the independence movements which Persians had started 70 to 80 years before him. According to Majma-altawarikh he was assassinated by two mercenaries while in bed. He never served under any Caliph. Weaker unknown histories narrate that""Specifically, he served under al-Ma'mun and led the armies that would defeat al-Amin, making al-Ma'mun the caliph. He was born in Phoshang which is a village in ancient city of Herat (then Khorasan present day Afghanistan)"".
Afterwards, Tahir was made governor of the eastern Abbasid lands, effectively making him governor of Persia. Tahir later declared independence from the Abbasid empire in 822 by omitting any mention of al-Ma'mun during a Friday sermon.[citation needed] However, he died the same night and al-Ma'mun appointed Tahir's son to continue at his father's post. This established the Tahirid dynasty, which ruled a semi-autonomous state in eastern Persia.
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Timothy Winter
Timothy John "Tim" Winter (born 1960), also known as Abdal Hakim Murad, is a British Sufi Muslim researcher, writer and teacher. His profile and work have attracted media coverage both in the Muslim World and the West. Conversant in both traditional Islamic scholarship and Western thought and civilization,[citation needed] Winter has made contributions on many Islamic topics.
Born in 1960, Winter was educated at Westminster School, and graduated with a double-first in Arabic from Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge in 1983.
He then studied and taught traditional Islamic sciences at the Al-Azhar University in Egypt for several years, and spent several more in Jeddah, where he administered a commercial translation office and maintained close contact with Shaykh Habib Ahmad Mashhur al-Haddad. In 1989, he returned to England and spent two years at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London where he concentrated on Turkish and Persian.
Winter is currently the Shaykh Zayed Lecturer of Islamic Studies in the Faculty of Divinity at Cambridge University, Director of Studies in Theology at Wolfson College, and a doctoral student at Oxford University, where he is studying the relationship between the government and Sufi brotherhoods in the Ottoman Empire.[citation needed] Winter is also the secretary of the Muslim Academic Trust (London), Director of the Anglo-Muslim Fellowship for Eastern Europe, President of the UK Friends of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Director of the Sunna Project, which has published scholarly Arabic editions of the major Sunni Hadith collections.[citation needed]
wn.com/Timothy_Winter -
Titus Burckhardt
Titus Burckhardt (Ibrahim Izz al-Din after his Islamic name), a German Swiss, was born in Florence, Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984. He devoted all his life to the study and exposition of the different aspects of Wisdom and Tradition.
He was an eminent member of the "traditionalist school" of twentieth-century authors. He was a frequent contributor to the journal Studies in Comparative Religion along with other prominent members of the school.
Burckhardt was the scion of a patrician family of Basel. He was the great-nephew of the art-historian Jacob Burckhardt and the son of the sculptor Carl Burckhardt. Titus Burckhardt was a contemporary of Frithjof Schuon – leading exponent of traditionalist thought in the twentieth century – and the two spent their early school days together in Basle around the time of the First World War. This was the beginning of an intimate friendship and harmonious intellectual and spiritual relationship that was to last a lifetime.
Burckhardt was, as his grandfather, a connoisseur of Islamic art, architecture and civilisation. He compiled and published work from the Sufi masters: Ibn Arabi (1165–1240), Abd-al-karim Jili (1365–1424) and Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi (1760–1823).
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Ubayd Zakani
Nezam od-Din Ubeydollah Zâkâni (Persian: خواجه نظامالدین عبیدالله زاکانی), or simply Ubayd-i Zākāni (Persian: عبید زاکانی d. 1370 CE), was a Persian poet and satirist of the 14th century (Timurid Period) from the city of Qazvin. He studied in Shiraz, Iran under the best masters of his day, but eventually moved back to his native town of Qazvin. He however preferred Shiraz to Qazvin, as he was a court poet in Shiraz for Shah Abu Ishaq, where a young Hafez was present as well.
His work is noted for its satire and obscene verses, often political or bawdy, and often cited in debates involving homosexual practices. He wrote the Resaleh-ye Delgosha, as well as Akhlaq al-Ashraf ("Ethics of the Aristocracy") and the famous humorous fable Masnavi Mush-O-Gorbeh (Mouse and Cat), which was a political satire. His non-satirical serious classical verses have also been regarded as very well written, in league with the other great works of Persian literature. He is one of the most remarkable poets, satirists and social critics of Iran (Persia), whose works have not received proper attention in the past. His books are translated into Russian, Danish, Italian, English, and German (by Joachim Wohlleben, 2009: seemingly the first translation of the complete work into a Western language).
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Unsuri
Abul Qasim Hasan Unsuri Balkhi (Persian: ابوالقاسم حسن عنصری بلخی) (died 1039/1040) was a 10-11th century Persian poet.
He is said to have been born in Balkh, today located in Afghanistan, and he eventually became a poet of the royal court, and was given the title Malik-us Shu'ara (King of Poets').
His Divan is said to have contained 30,000 distichs, of which only 2500 remain today.
wn.com/Unsuri -
Uthman Mukhtari
Uthman Mukhtari was an 11th century and 12th century poet of Ghaznavids, an empire originating from Ghazna located in Afghanistan.
Originating from Ghazna, he is thought to have written the Shahryar-nama, which describes the struggles of Muslims against Indian heathens during the Ghaznavid era.
He was a great fan of Masud Sa'd Salman.
The epic was composed in 3 years. Parts of it remain in the British Museum.
He died in 1149 CE.
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Vahshi Bafqi
Kamal al-din (or Shams al-Din Mohammad) known by his pen name Vahshi Bafghi was a Persian poet of the Safavid period. Vahshi was born in the agricultural town of Bafq, southeast of Yazd.
Vahshi was educated in the town of Yazd before moving to Kashan which was a center of literary activity in the Safavid period. He worked as a school teacher before his poetry attracted the attention of the regional governors. From then on his career was one of serving the courts of various regional governors as well as Safavid Rulers.
1)
Vahshi's, Farhad and Shirin, a Persian folklore and romantic story of Sassanid Iran is written in the meter of the Persian poet Nizami's romantic epic Farhad and Shirin. Although the work was left unfinished at the time of Vahshi's death, with the introduction and barely 500 verses of the story completed, it has been recognized as one of the poets most famous masterpieces. Approximately a hundred manuscripts of this famous Persian epic from Vahshi has been catalogued around the world. Two poets from Shiraz, Wesal and Saber, took on the task of completing Vahshi's poem in the 19th century.
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Wasef Bakhtari
Wasef Bakhtari (Persian: استاد واصف باختری) (born 1942 in Balkh, Afghanistan) is a renowned Persian poet, literary figure and intellectual.
Even though his father was from Kabul, he spent most of his childhood in Mazari Sharif. He attended Bakhtar School for his primary and for most of his secondary education. After his family moved to Kabul He finished Habibia High School in 1965. Wasef Bakhtari holds a BA degree in Persian literature from Kabul University. He did his graduate studies in the U.S. and received a masters degree in education from Columbia University in 1976. In 1996 Bakhtari, then a professor of literature at Kabul University, and his wife Noriajan were forced to flee Afghanistan because of the intolerance of the Taliban. They sought refuge in Pakistan, but with a rise in Taliban influence there as well, returned to the United States with the help of World Relief and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, which resettled them in New Port Richey, Florida.
For 15 years Bakhtari worked for the Ministry of Education, writing and translating text books. In 1978 he became the editor in chief of Zhwandoon Magazine. He has also served as a professor at Kabul University and influenced many other Persian writers and poet in Afghanistan.
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Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata -
William Chittick
William C. Chittick is a leading translator and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts. He is best known for his groundbreaking work on Rumi and Ibn 'Arabi, and has written extensively on the school of Ibn 'Arabi, Islamic philosophy, Shi'ism, and Islamic cosmology.
Born in Milford Connecticut, Chittick finished his BA at the College of Wooster in Ohio, and then went on to complete a PhD in Persian literature at Tehran University under the supervision of Seyyed Hossein Nasr in 1974. He taught comparative religion at Tehran's Aryamehr Technical University and left Iran before the revolution. Chittick is currently Professor of Asian and Asian American Studies at Stony Brook University.
Below is a list of Chittick's main books, translations, and edited volumes:
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Yadollah Royaee
Yadollah Royaee (Persian: یدالله رویایی; born 1932 in Damqan, Semnan Province, Iran) is the poet of the New Wave or the Poem of Imagination in Iranian Modern Literature.
He is a graduate of college of law and human sciences and he has worked for the state television for several years. His poetry renewed debate about the relative value of form and context in modern Persian poetry. Yadollah is careful to produce unity in his poems. His sea songs reflect French symbolism. He moves to exotic marine landscape and creates glorious lyrical images, focusing mostly on symbols rather than metaphors in image building. His lyrics are and deeply imbued with Persian mysticism. Royaee invented and introduced a style in Persian poetry which he named Spacment Poetry.[1] His work "je passant en je Singature" was translated into French in 2002.
On Empty Roads
Sea Songs
The Lonliness
Of I love you
Overflowing
Seventy Gravestones
The Past me: Signature, by Caravan Books
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Yahya ibn Khalid
Yahya ibn Khalid (Arabic: يحيى بن خالد), yaḥyā bin ḫālid) (died 806) was a member of the powerful Persian Barmakids family, son of Khalid ibn Barmak. Around 765, he was appointed to Azerbaijan by the Caliph Al-Mansur. Yahya's son Fadl ibn Yahya was born at Ar-Reiy, at the same time as Caliph al-Mahdi's son Harun. Al-Mahdi entrusted Yahya in 778 with Harun's education.
When Al-Hadi was Caliph, Yahya dissuaded the Caliph several times from proclaiming his own son as heir instead of Harun. He eventually did so, and cast Yahya into jail, but died shortly after. When Harun became Caliph as Harun al-Rashid, he made Yahya Vizier. Under his influence, the Caliph invited to Baghdad many scholars and masters from India, especially Buddhists. A catalogue of both Muslim and non-Muslim texts prepared at this time, Kitab al-Fihrist, included a list of Buddhist works. Among them was an Arabic version of the account of Buddha’s previous lives, Kitab al-Budd.[1]
He had three sons, among which Jafar succeeded him as Vizier, Musa ruled Damascus, and Fadl was governor of Khurasan, then of Egypt. In 803, his family fell into disgrace, and he was cast into prison, where he died in 806 (according to the story, because his son Jafar had an affair with Harun al-Rashid's sister, most likely because the family had too much power).
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Yousef Alikhani
Yousef Alikhani (born 1975) is an Iranian writer.
Alikhani was born in the village of Milek, Qazvīn Province. He studied Arabic literature at the University of Tehran.
Alikhani released his third collection of short stories in April 2010.
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Youssof Kohzad
Youssof Kohzad (Persian: يوسف كهزاد) (also spelled as Youssef Kohzad) (born 1935) is an ethnic Tajik writer, painter, playwright, artist, poet, actor, and art consultant from Afghanistan. He has now taken residence in Tracy, California, United States since his emigration from Afghanistan. He is married to Zakia Kohzad.
Youssef Kohzad was born in 1935 in the Chendawol district of Kabul, Afghanistan. During his high school years, he wrote plays and created artwork for Kabul Theater. Kohzad graduated from Nejat (Amani) High School in Kabul in 1953. He finished his formal art education from the Academy of Art in Rome, Italy in 1965. After returning from Italy, he traveled to the former Soviet Union, India and former Eastern Germany to exhibit his art along with other contemporary Afghan artists. Many of his works are showcased in the Middle Eastern Studies museums in Moscow.
From 1966-1969 he held executive positions at the Ministry of Media and Culture, in which he was the head of the Fine Arts Department.
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Yusuf Hamdani
Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani (died 1140) is the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as Khwajagan (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order.
Born in Buzanjird near Hamadan in 440 H., he moved from Hamadan to Baghdad when he was eighteen years of age. He studied the Shafi'i school of fiqh under the supervision of the master of his time, Shaykh Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fairuzabadi. He kept association in Baghdad with the great scholar, Abu Ishaq ash-Shirazi, who gave him greater deference than to any of his other students although he was the youngest.
According to Ibn Khallikan, he began his religious career with the cultivation of the religious sciences, becoming both a respected scholar of hadith and fiqh and a popular preacher in Baghdad. He was so brilliant a jurisprudent that he became the Marja of his time for all scholars in that field. He was known in Baghdad, the center of Islamic knowledge, in Isfahan, Bukhara, Samarqand, Khwarazm, and throughout Central Asia.
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Zahed Gilani
The mystic Taj Al-Din Ebrahim ibn Rushan Amir Al-Kurdi Al-Sanjani (or Sinjani) (1216–1301) (Arabic: تاج الدين ابراهيم الكردي السنجاني), titled Sheikh Zahed (or Zahid) Gilani, was Grandmaster (Murshid Kamil) of the famed Zahediyeh Sufi Order at Lahijan. He was of Kurdish descent.
Since the mid 13th century, Sheikh Zahed is revered as a spiritual authority and his tomb near Lahijan in Iran's Gilan Province, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, draws numerous pilgrims to the picturesque village of Sheikhanvar. His ancestors hailed from the ancient Iranian city of Sanjan in Khorasan (located in present day Turkmenistan). Fleeing the Seljuq invasion that would eventually conquer large parts of Persia, his ancestors settled in Gilan in the late 11th century. Sheikh Taj Al-Din Zahed Gilani was able to attain cultural and religious influence on the Ilkhanid rulers (1256–1353), descendants of Genghis Khan, who followed Seljuq rule.
The Sheikh's most notable disciple was Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334), the Eponym of the Safavid Dynasty (1501–1736). He wed Sheikh Zahed's daughter Bibi Fatima and, overgoing the interest of Shaikh Taj Al-Din Zahed's firstborn son, Gamal Al-Din Ali, was entrusted with the Grand Master's Zahediyeh Sufi Order, which he transformed into his own, the Safaviyya (Sufi order) Order. Some 170 years after Sheikh Safi Al-Din's death, Safaviyya had gained sufficient political and military power to claim the Throne of (Northern) Iran for the Safavid Heir, Shah Ismail I Safavi. The Sheikh's second-born son, Sadr al-Dīn, wed Sheikh Safi Al-Din's daughter from a previous marriage. The two families were to be intertwined for many centuries to come, by blood as well as mutual spiritual causes.
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Zaheen Shah Taji
Taj-ul-Muhibbeen wal Mahboobeen Hazrat Ba Ba Muhammad Tuaseen commonly renowned as Hazrat Zaheen Shah Taji Farooqui (Urdu: ذہین شاہ تاجی) (RA) (born 1902 Jaipur, British India - died 23 July 1978 Karachi, Pakistan) was one of the greatest sufi saints of sub-continent as well as an Urdu poet, philosopher and scholar of high repute. [1]
With his pen name Zaheen he wrote many Ghazals in Urdu language while he knew Persian, Arabic, English and Hindi languages as well. He was in direct lineage from Syedna Umer Farooq and was adapted in Chishtia order of sufism in which his ancestors earned Faiz from Hazrat Syed Muhammad Moinuddin Chishti Ajmeri (RA). His Murshid was Hazrat Yusuf Shah Taji who was disciple of Hazrat Tajuddin Baba of Nagpur (RA). [2]
-Edited by Muhammad Sohail Iftikhar-
Hazrat Zaheen Shah Taji translated two important works of Ibn Arabi Fusus-ul-Hukm and Fatuhat al-Makiyyah and also translated Al-Hallaj's Kitab-ut-Tawaseen in Urdu amongst many other books in Urdu and Persian the most prominent being the Taj-ul-Auliya (biography of Ba Ba Tajuddin Nagpuri (RA). [3] Prominent scholars who used to attend his gatherings were Maulana Mahir-ul-Qadri, Prof. A. B. A. Haleem, Prof. Karrar Hussain, Maulana Kausar Niazi, Hasrat Kasganjvi, Ilyas Ishqui, Abul Khair Kashfi, Josh Malihabadi, Rais Amrohvi and Syed Muhammad Taqi etc. [4]
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Jami Ostani 2009 [OFFICIAL HQ VIDEO]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Najnoviji spot za pesmu "Ostani" snimljen u restoranu "Bajka", Jami
http://wn.com/Jami_Ostani_2009_OFFICIAL_HQ_VIDEO_
Najnoviji spot za pesmu "Ostani" snimljen u restoranu "Bajka", Jami
- published: 08 Jul 2009
- views: 146343
- author: Dalibor Rakic
Jami - Cokolada (Yu folk '94)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Jami - Cokolada (Yu folk '94)
http://wn.com/Jami_Cokolada_Yu_folk_'94
Jami - Divlja Macka
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Jami "Divlja Macka"
http://wn.com/Jami_Divlja_Macka
Jami Sieber - Tell It By Heart
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Please check out music from Jami Sieber here: www.jamisieber.com Thanks for watching! Permission from Jami Sieber: i4.photobucket.com Also, please continue supporting indie games like Braid. Big corporations (specifically their tactics, ie, implementation of DRM, excessive product placement, etc.) can suck it. Let's encourage more creativity and innovation in the industry, and give indie devs a greater opportunity to realize their ambitions.
http://wn.com/Jami_Sieber_Tell_It_By_Heart
Please check out music from Jami Sieber here: www.jamisieber.com Thanks for watching! Permission from Jami Sieber: i4.photobucket.com Also, please continue supporting indie games like Braid. Big corporations (specifically their tactics, ie, implementation of DRM, excessive product placement, etc.) can suck it. Let's encourage more creativity and innovation in the industry, and give indie devs a greater opportunity to realize their ambitions.
- published: 17 Feb 2010
- views: 26140
- author: jimmyn28
Jami Sieber - Benediction (live recording)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Title: "Benediction" Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Unspoken This was recorded live at the Echoes Radio Studio in Chester Springs, PA in 2008; it's available on the Echoes Living Room Concerts, Vol. 14. Please check out a few other of Jami's live performances at her channel: www.youtube.com Or visit her website: www.jamisieber.com
http://wn.com/Jami_Sieber_Benediction_live_recording
Title: "Benediction" Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Unspoken This was recorded live at the Echoes Radio Studio in Chester Springs, PA in 2008; it's available on the Echoes Living Room Concerts, Vol. 14. Please check out a few other of Jami's live performances at her channel: www.youtube.com Or visit her website: www.jamisieber.com
- published: 29 Nov 2010
- views: 9968
- author: tingler
Elephants accompany cellist Jami Sieber / Part 2 / Living Yoga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
A moving account of world-renowned cellist, Jami Sieber, playing music with the Thai Elephant orchestra. A story about Living Yoga, a non-profit organization in Portland, Oregon ~ who brings yoga voluntarily into prisons, drug & alcohol rehab centers, and homeless shelters. The second part of our documentary Yoga and the Tao of Giving: www.worldsoulmusic.com , www.living-yoga.org Copyright (c) Kirk Mann, 2011
http://wn.com/Elephants_accompany_cellist_Jami_Sieber_Part_2_Living_Yoga
A moving account of world-renowned cellist, Jami Sieber, playing music with the Thai Elephant orchestra. A story about Living Yoga, a non-profit organization in Portland, Oregon ~ who brings yoga voluntarily into prisons, drug & alcohol rehab centers, and homeless shelters. The second part of our documentary Yoga and the Tao of Giving: www.worldsoulmusic.com , www.living-yoga.org Copyright (c) Kirk Mann, 2011
- published: 11 Jul 2011
- views: 14267
- author: NaturalMedicineRev
Braid - "Maenam"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
"Maenam" by Jami Sieber from Number None, Inc.'s Braid (360/XBLA).
http://wn.com/Braid_Maenam
"Maenam" by Jami Sieber from Number None, Inc.'s Braid (360/XBLA).
- published: 14 Aug 2008
- views: 118166
- author: gamemusicisgood
Salt and Light - Jami Smith
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Jami sings at her "Faith in You" CD release concert.
http://wn.com/Salt_and_Light_Jami_Smith
Jami sings at her "Faith in You" CD release concert.
- published: 27 Apr 2008
- views: 49382
- author: CrossingsTV
Farsi Kalaam Written By Moulana Jami (RA) Read by Mehmood ul Hassan Ashrafi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
Farsi Kaalam Read By Mehmood ul Hassan Ashrafi, Written By Maulana Jami
http://wn.com/Farsi_Kalaam_Written_By_Moulana_Jami_RA_Read_by_Mehmood_ul_Hassan_Ashrafi
Farsi Kaalam Read By Mehmood ul Hassan Ashrafi, Written By Maulana Jami
- published: 23 Sep 2009
- views: 22396
- author: minhajian47
Jami
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
To niesamowite urządzenie zamieni w głośnik dowolny przedmiot, do którego przyczepisz JAMI!
http://wn.com/Jami
To niesamowite urządzenie zamieni w głośnik dowolny przedmiot, do którego przyczepisz JAMI!
- published: 11 Dec 2011
- views: 76934
- author: Altixspzoo
Live Dubstep Jam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Buy Now! www.jaimethompson.bandcamp.com. My Soundcloud is soundcloud.com/jaime-thompson. My first shot at playing a track live using my Maschine, LPK, Launchpad, and Ableton live 8. It's a little sketchy buy it's my first video. All samples were done using Massive and FM8. The keyboard was a combination of Massive and Kontakt 4. All the vocal samples were recorded in my living room using a Blue Baby Bottle and sung by my buddy James. I'll have more out soon. Thanks for checking it out!
http://wn.com/Live_Dubstep_Jam
Buy Now! www.jaimethompson.bandcamp.com. My Soundcloud is soundcloud.com/jaime-thompson. My first shot at playing a track live using my Maschine, LPK, Launchpad, and Ableton live 8. It's a little sketchy buy it's my first video. All samples were done using Massive and FM8. The keyboard was a combination of Massive and Kontakt 4. All the vocal samples were recorded in my living room using a Blue Baby Bottle and sung by my buddy James. I'll have more out soon. Thanks for checking it out!
- published: 02 Feb 2012
- views: 256036
- author: Jaime Thompson
Kummeli - Valintojen Maailma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Hänen nimensä on "Jami", oletko sinä luuseri vai kova luu? (Reuppi)
http://wn.com/Kummeli_Valintojen_Maailma
Hänen nimensä on "Jami", oletko sinä luuseri vai kova luu? (Reuppi)
- published: 10 Aug 2008
- views: 142910
- author: duncdamo
Part 04 of 07 - Syed Ghulam Nizam-ud-Din Jami Qadri - Son of Pir Syed Naseer-ud-Din Naseer Golrivi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:32
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
www.UrduNewsRoom.com Part 04 of 07 - Syed Ghulam Nizam-ud-Din Jami Qadri - Son of Pir Syed Naseer-ud-Din Naseer Golrivi
http://wn.com/Part_04_of_07_Syed_Ghulam_Nizam-ud-Din_Jami_Qadri_Son_of_Pir_Syed_Naseer-ud-Din_Naseer_Golrivi
www.UrduNewsRoom.com Part 04 of 07 - Syed Ghulam Nizam-ud-Din Jami Qadri - Son of Pir Syed Naseer-ud-Din Naseer Golrivi
- published: 03 Jun 2009
- views: 36904
- author: PeaceDigital
Episode 25 - Jami Howard on How Date Wrecks Got Started
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Jami Howard creator of blog Date Wrecks and Freak Bacon comes on the show to speak about the creation of her blog and her dating life. stevenfrito.blogspot.com www.datewrecks.com www.freakbacon.com
http://wn.com/Episode_25_Jami_Howard_on_How_Date_Wrecks_Got_Started
Jami Howard creator of blog Date Wrecks and Freak Bacon comes on the show to speak about the creation of her blog and her dating life. stevenfrito.blogspot.com www.datewrecks.com www.freakbacon.com
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 145
- author: SteveandFrito
Braid Music - Undercurrent
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:35
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Title: Undercurrent Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Music From Braid Copyright belongs to the artists, Sieber, Kammen, Fulton and Schatz Purchase the full album CD or download for as little as $5 at: magnatune.com
http://wn.com/Braid_Music_Undercurrent
Title: Undercurrent Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Music From Braid Copyright belongs to the artists, Sieber, Kammen, Fulton and Schatz Purchase the full album CD or download for as little as $5 at: magnatune.com
- published: 25 Apr 2009
- views: 33403
- author: regalgrubgrub
Braid Soundtrack - Long Past Gone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Song Title: "Long Past Gone" Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Second Sight
http://wn.com/Braid_Soundtrack_Long_Past_Gone
Song Title: "Long Past Gone" Artist: Jami Sieber Album: Second Sight
- published: 28 Jun 2009
- views: 39055
- author: serenitytyaena
Jasna Milenkovic Jami - Milo za drago
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Jami stari spot
http://wn.com/Jasna_Milenkovic_Jami_Milo_za_drago
Episode 25 - Jami Howard on Why She Ended Date Wrecks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:50
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
She speaks about why she ended Date Wrecks and her new blog Freak Bacon. Also she speaks about her new adventure of teaching. She'll be teaching a Facebook fan page on Thursday Dec 2.
http://wn.com/Episode_25_Jami_Howard_on_Why_She_Ended_Date_Wrecks
She speaks about why she ended Date Wrecks and her new blog Freak Bacon. Also she speaks about her new adventure of teaching. She'll be teaching a Facebook fan page on Thursday Dec 2.
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 53
- author: SteveandFrito
Pir Nizamuddin Jami Sahib Departure From Heathrow - 26/12/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:15
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Pir Syed Nizamudin Sahib Departure From Heathrow. 26 December 2012 26/12/12
http://wn.com/Pir_Nizamuddin_Jami_Sahib_Departure_From_Heathrow_26_12_12
Pir Syed Nizamudin Sahib Departure From Heathrow. 26 December 2012 26/12/12
- published: 27 Dec 2012
- views: 9
- author: GULZAREHABIB007
MAulana JAMI - (تنم فرسودہ جاں پارہ ز ہجراں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
تنم فرسودہ جاں پارہ ز ہجراں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ دلم پژمردہ آوارہ ز عصیاں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ چوں سوۓ من گذر آری، من مسکین ز ناداری فداۓ نقش نعلینت کنم جاں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ زجام حب تو مستم ، با زنجیر تو دل بستم نمی گویم کی من بستم سخنداں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ ز کردہ خیش حیرانم، سیاہ شد روز عصیانم پشیمانم، پشیمانم، پشیمانم، یا رسول اللہ ۖ چوں بازوۓ شفاعت را کشا بر گناہگاراں مکن محروم جامی را در آں، یا رسول اللہ ------------------------------------ Tanam Farsooda jaa para Ze Hijra Ya Rasulullah Dillam Pazh Murda Aawara, Ze IsyaaN. Ya Rasulullah! My body is dissolving in your separation And my soul is breaking into pieces. Ya Rasulullah! Due to my sins, My heart is weak and becoming enticed. Ya Rasulullah! Choon Sooe Mun Guzar Aari, Manne Miskeen Zanaa Daari Fida-E-Naqsh-E-Nalainat, Kunam Ja. Ya Rasulullah! When you pass by me, Then even in my immense poverty, ecstatically, I must sacrifice my soul on your blessed sandal. Ya Rasulullah! Ze Jaame Hubb To Mustam, Ba Zanjeere To Dil Bustam Numi Goyam Ke Mun Bustum, Sukun Daa. Ya Rasulullah! I am drowned in the taste of your love And the chain of your love binds my heart. Yet I dont say that I know this language (of love). Ya Rasulullah! Ze Kharda Khaish Hairaanam Siyaa Shud Roze Isyaanam Pashemaanam, Pashemaanam, Pashemaanam. Ya Rasulullah! I am worried due to my misdeeds; And I feel that my sins have blackened my heart. Ya Rasulullah I am in distress! I am in distress! I am in distress! Ya Rasulullah! Choon Baazooe Shafaaat Raa KhushaaI Bar ...
http://wn.com/MAulana_JAMI_تنم_فرسودہ_جاں_پارہ_ز_ہجراں،_یا_رسول_اللہ_ۖ
تنم فرسودہ جاں پارہ ز ہجراں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ دلم پژمردہ آوارہ ز عصیاں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ چوں سوۓ من گذر آری، من مسکین ز ناداری فداۓ نقش نعلینت کنم جاں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ زجام حب تو مستم ، با زنجیر تو دل بستم نمی گویم کی من بستم سخنداں، یا رسول اللہ ۖ ز کردہ خیش حیرانم، سیاہ شد روز عصیانم پشیمانم، پشیمانم، پشیمانم، یا رسول اللہ ۖ چوں بازوۓ شفاعت را کشا بر گناہگاراں مکن محروم جامی را در آں، یا رسول اللہ ------------------------------------ Tanam Farsooda jaa para Ze Hijra Ya Rasulullah Dillam Pazh Murda Aawara, Ze IsyaaN. Ya Rasulullah! My body is dissolving in your separation And my soul is breaking into pieces. Ya Rasulullah! Due to my sins, My heart is weak and becoming enticed. Ya Rasulullah! Choon Sooe Mun Guzar Aari, Manne Miskeen Zanaa Daari Fida-E-Naqsh-E-Nalainat, Kunam Ja. Ya Rasulullah! When you pass by me, Then even in my immense poverty, ecstatically, I must sacrifice my soul on your blessed sandal. Ya Rasulullah! Ze Jaame Hubb To Mustam, Ba Zanjeere To Dil Bustam Numi Goyam Ke Mun Bustum, Sukun Daa. Ya Rasulullah! I am drowned in the taste of your love And the chain of your love binds my heart. Yet I dont say that I know this language (of love). Ya Rasulullah! Ze Kharda Khaish Hairaanam Siyaa Shud Roze Isyaanam Pashemaanam, Pashemaanam, Pashemaanam. Ya Rasulullah! I am worried due to my misdeeds; And I feel that my sins have blackened my heart. Ya Rasulullah I am in distress! I am in distress! I am in distress! Ya Rasulullah! Choon Baazooe Shafaaat Raa KhushaaI Bar ...
- published: 10 Mar 2009
- views: 26418
- author: tauseefqau
Jasna Milenkovic Jami - Prokleto musko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
TV BN Music Jasna Milenkovic Jami - Prokleto musko
http://wn.com/Jasna_Milenkovic_Jami_Prokleto_musko
TV BN Music Jasna Milenkovic Jami - Prokleto musko
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 6713
- author: SuperEmilco
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
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Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
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CAIRO — President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt took responsibility on Wednesday for “mistakes” during the run-up to ratification of the new Constitution and urged Egyptians to appreciate the fierce disagreements about it as a “healthy phenomenon” of their new democracy. Times Topic. Egypt News — Revolution and Aftermath. Related. Egypt Opposition Gears Up After Constitution Passes (December 24, 2012) ... Twitter List....(size: 11.8Kb)
Irish Times
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1234. Alex Ferguson 's Manchester United lead the way in the league. Photograph. Michael Regan, Jamie McDonald/Getty images, phil noble/reutersPhotograph ... Photographs. Michael Regan, Jamie McDonald/Getty Images, Phil Noble/ReutersPhotograph ... Photographs. Michael Regan, Jamie McDonald/Getty Images, phil noble/reutersPhotograph ... Photographs. Michael Regan, Jamie McDonald/Getty Images, Phil Noble/ReutersPhotograph. Guardian Service ... ....(size: 6.8Kb)
Chicago Sun-Times
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Jimmy Farrell’s job wasn’t glamorous or easy. Often, he was busy picking up towels, wiping floors and cleaning bathrooms in the umpires’ room at Wrigley Field ... Mr ... Mr ... Years after he left the Cubs, Jamie Moyer paused to greet his old buddy in the heat of a game, Jay Farrell recalled ... “There was a pop-up, and Jamie Moyer came right by my dad, and Jamie Moyer came and caught the ball, and said, ‘Jimmy, how you doin’?’ ’’. Once, Mr ... Mr....(size: 4.3Kb)
Newsday
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The list is particularly heavy with Britain's Olympic heroes, but it also includes "" actor , eccentric English singer Bush, illustrator Quentin Blake, and Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton, the royal aide who helped organize the watched-around-the-world wedding of to ... Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton, principal private secretary to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge ......(size: 5.0Kb)
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The list is particularly heavy with Britain's Olympic heroes, but it also includes "Star Wars" actor Ewan McGregor, eccentric English singer Kate Bush, Roald Dahl illustrator Quentin Blake, and Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton, the royal aide who helped organize the watched-around-the-world wedding of Prince William to Kate Middleton ... Jamie ......(size: 4.8Kb)
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The list is particularly heavy with Britain's Olympic heroes, but it also includes "Star Wars" actor Ewan McGregor, eccentric English singer Kate Bush, Roald Dahl illustrator Quentin Blake, and Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton, the royal aide who helped organize the watched-around-the-world wedding of Prince William to Kate Middleton ... Jamie ......(size: 4.8Kb)
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A Jamie Oliver cookbook that promises home-cooked meals in (almost) the time it takes to microwave a ready meal, comic Miranda Hart playing her life for laughs, and Bradley Wiggins's account of his road to Tour de France and Olympic glory proved to be the nation's last-minute stocking fillers of choice ... Jamie Oliver's 15-Minute Meals was the ......(size: 6.6Kb)
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The Washington Post
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The list is particularly heavy with Britain’s Olympic heroes, but it also includes “Star Wars” actor Ewan McGregor, eccentric English singer Kate Bush, Roald Dahl illustrator Quentin Blake, and Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton, the royal aide who helped organize the watched-around-the-world wedding of Prince William to Kate Middleton....(size: 5.7Kb)
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For other uses, see Jami (disambiguation).
| Saint Jami | |
|---|---|
 Jami, depicted in a monochrome Muslim miniature |
|
| Mystic, Spiritual Poet, Historian, Theologian | |
| Born | 1414 C.E. Khorasan |
| Died | 1492 C.E. Herat |
| Honored in | Islam |
| Influences | Prophets of Islam |
| Influenced | Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi |
| Tradition/Genre | Sufi poetry |
| Major work(s) | Haft Awrang |
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī (Persian: نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی) also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami (August 18, 1414 – November 17, 1492), is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest Persian and Sufi poets of the 15th century. Jami was primarily an outstanding poet-theologian of the school of Ibn Arabī and a prominent Khwājagānī Sũfī. He was recognized for his eloquent tongue and ready at repartee who analyzed the idea of the metaphysics of mercy.[1][2] Among his famous poetical works are: Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wa -Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Jami was born in Khardijird/Kharjerd in central Khorasan.[3] Previously his father Nizām al-Dīn Ahmad b. Shams al-Dīn Muhammad had come from Dasht, a small town in the district of Isfahan.[3] A few years after his birth, his family migrated to the cultural city of Herat where he was able to study Peripateticism, mathematics, Arabic literature, natural sciences, language, logic, rhetoric and Islamic philosophy at the Nizamiyyah University of Herat.[1] His father became his first teacher and mentor, who was also a Sufi.[1] While in Herat, Jami was a central role and function of the Timurid court, involved in the politics, economics, philosophy, religion, and Persian culture.[1]
Because his father was from Dasht, Jami's early pen name was Dashti but later, he chose to use Jami because of the two reasons that he mentioned in a poem:
مولدم جام و رشحهء قلمم
جرعهء جام شیخ الاسلامی است
لاجرم در جریدهء اشعار
به دو معنی تخلصم جامی است
- My birthplace is Jam, and my pen
- Has drunk from (knowledge of) Sheikh-ul-Islam (Ahmad) Jam
- Hence in the books of poetry
- My pen name is Jami for these two reasons.
Afterward he went to Samarkand, the most important center of scientific studies in the Muslim world and completed his studies there. He was a famous Sufi, and a follower of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. He embarked on a pilgrimage that greatly enhanced his reputation and further solidified his importance through the Persian world.[3] Jami had a brother called Molana Mohammad, who was, apparently a learned man and a master in music, and Jami has a poem lamenting his death. Jami fathered four sons, but three of them died before reaching their first year.[4] The surviving son was called Zia-ol-din Yusef and Jami wrote his Baharestan for this son.
At the end of his life he was living in Herat. His epitaph reads "When your face is hidden from me, like the moon hidden on a dark night, I shed stars of tears and yet my night remains dark in spite of all those shining stars."[5] There is a variety of dates regarding his death, but consistently most state it was in November 1492. Although, the actual date of his death is somewhat unknown the year of his death marks an end of both his greater poetry and contribution, but also a pivotal year of political changed where Spain was no longer inhabited by the Arabs after 781 years.[6] His funeral was conducted by the prince of Harat and attended by great numbers of people demonstrating his profound impact.[4]
Teachings and Sufism[link]
In his role as Sufi shaykh, which began in 1453, Jami expounded a number of teachings regarding following the Sufi path. He created a distinction between two types of Sufi's, now referred to as the "prophetic" and the "mystic" spirit.[7] Jami is known for both his extreme piety and mysticism.[1][2] He remained a staunch Sunni on his path toward Sufism and developed images of earthly love and its employment to depict spiritual passion of the seeker of God.[1][8] He began to take an interest in Sufism at an earlier age when he received a blessing by a principal associate Khwaja Mohammad Parsa who came through town.[9] From there he sought guidance from Sa'd-alDin Kasgari based on a dream where he was told to take God and become his companion.[10] Jami followed Kasagari and the two became tied together upon Jami's marriage to Kasgari's granddaughter.[9] He was known for his commitment to God and his desire for separation from the world to become closer to God often causing him to forget social normalities.[9]
After his re-emergence into the social world he became involved in a broad range of social, intellectual and political actives in the cultural center of Herat.[9] He was engaged in the school of Ibn Arabi, greatly enriching, analyzing, and also changing the school or Ibn Arabi. Jami continued to grow in further understanding of God through miraculous visions and feats, hoping to achieve a great awareness of God in the company of one blessed by Him.[9] He believed there was three goals to achieve "permanent presence with God" through ceaselessness and silence, being unaware of one's earthly state, and a constant state of a spiritual guide.[11] Jami wrote about his feeling that God was everywhere and inherently in everything.[7] He also defined key terms related to Sufism including the meaning of sainthood, the saint, the difference between the Sufi and the one still striving on the path, the seekers of blame, various levels of tawhid, and the charismatic feats of the saints.[11] Oftentimes Jami's methodology did not follow the school of Ibn Arabi, like in the issue of mutual dependence between God and his creatures Jami stated "We and though are not separate from each other, but we need Thee, whereas Thou doest not need us."
Jami created an all-embracing unity emphasized in a unity with the lover, beloved, and the love one, removing the belief that they are separated.[12] Jami was in many ways influenced by various predecessors and current Sufi's, incorporating their ideas into his own and developing them further, creating an entirely new concept. In his view, love for the Prophet Mohammad was the fundamental stepping stone for starting on the spiritual journey. Jami served as a master to several followers and to one student who asked to be his pupil who claimed never to have loved anyone, he said, "Go and love first, then come to me and I will show you the way."[11][13] For several generations, Jami had a group of followers representing his knowledge and impact. Jami continues to be known for not only his poetry, but his learned and spiritual traditions of the Persian speaking world.[11] In analyzing Jami's work greatest contribution may have been his analysis and discussion of God's mercy towards man, redefining the way previous texts were interpreted.
Works[link]
Jami wrote approximately eighty-seven books and letters, some of which have been translated into English. His works range from prose to poetry, and from the mundane to the religious. He has also written works of history and science. As well, he often comments on the work of previous and current theologians, philosophers and Sufi's.[1] In Herat, his manual of irrigation design included advanced drawings and calculations and is still a key reference for the irrigation department.[14] His poetry has been inspired by the ghazals of Hafiz, and his famous and beautiful divan Haft Awrang (Seven Thrones) is, by his own admission, influenced by the works of Nizami. The Haft Awrang also known as the long masnavis or mathnawis are a collection of seven poems.[15] Each poem discusses a different story such as the Salaman va Absal that tells the story of a carnal attraction of a prince for his wet-nurse.[16] Throughout Jami uses allegorical symbolism within the tale to depict the key stages of the Sufi path such as repentance and expose philosophical, religious, or ethical questions.[4][15] Each of the allegorical symbols has a meaning highlighting knowledge and intellect, particularly of God. This story reflects Jamī's idea of the Sufi-king as the ideal medieval Islamic ruler to repent and embark upon the Sufi path to realize his rank as God's 'true' vicegerent and become closer to God.[15] As well, Jami is known for his three collections of lyric poems that range from his youth towards the end of his life called the Fatihat al-shabab (The Beginning of Youth", Wasitat al-'ikd (The Central Pearl in the Necklace), and Khatimat al-hayat (The conclusion of Life).[4] Throughout Jami's work references to Sufism and the Sufi emerge as being key topics. One of his most profound ideas was the mystical and philosophical explanations of the nature of divine mercy, which was a result of his commentary to other works.[1]
Artwork[link]
Jami is also known for his poetry influencing and being included with Persian paintings that depict Persian history through manuscript paintings. Most of his own literature included illustrations that was not yet common for literature. The deep poetry Jami provides, is usually accompanied with enriched paintings reflecting the complexity of Jami's work and Persian culture.[17]
Impact of Jamī's Work Outside Iran[link]
Jami worked within the Tīmūrid court of Herat helping to serve as an interpreter and communicator.[1] His poetry reflected Persian culture and was popular through Islamic East, Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.[1] His poetry addressed popular ideas that led to Sufi's and non-Sufi's interest in his work.[12] He was known not only for his poetry, but his theological works and commentary of on culture.[1] His work was used in several schools from Samarqand to Istanbul to Khayrābād in Iran as well India.[1] For centuries Jami was known for his poetry and profound knowledge. In the last half-century Jami has begun to be neglected and his works forgotten, which reflects an overarching issue in the lack of research of Islamic and Persian studies.[1]
Divan of Jami[link]
Among his works are:
- Baharestan (Abode of Spring) Modeled upon the Gulestan of Saadi
- Diwanha-ye Sehganeh (Triplet Divans)
- Fawa ed Ziya'iya fi sah al'Kafiya
- Haft Awrang (Seven Thrones) His major poetical work. The fifth of the seven stories is his acclaimed "Yusuf and Zulaykha", which tells the story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife based on the Quran.
- Jame -esokanan-e Kaja Parsa
- Lawa'ih A treatise on Sufism (Shafts of Light)
- Nafahat al-Uns (Breaths of Fellowship) Biographies of the Sufi Saints
- Resala-ye manasek-e hajj
- Resala-ye musiqi
- Resala-ye tariq-e Kvajagan
- Resala-ye sarayet-e dekr
- Resala-ye so al o jawab-e Hendustan
- Sara-e hadit-e Abi Zarrin al-Aqili
- Sar-rešta-yetariqu-e Kājagān (The Quintessence of the Path of the Masters)
- Shawahidal-nubuwwa (Distinctive Signs of Prophecy)
- Tajnīs 'al-luġāt (Homonymy/Punning of Languages) A lexicographical work containing homonymous Persian and Arabic lemmata.[18]
- Tuhfat al-ahrar (The Gift of the Free)
Along with his works are his contributions to previous works and works that have been created in response to his new ideas.[8]
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rizvi, Sajjad. "The Existential Breath of al-rahman and the Munificent Grace of al-rahim: The Tafsir Surat al-Fatiha of Jami and the School of Ibn Arabi". Journal of Qur'anic Studies.
- ^ a b Williams, John (1961). Islam. New York: George Braziller.
- ^ a b c Losensky, Paul (23). "Jami Life and Works". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ a b c d Huart, Cl.; Masse, H.. "Djami, Mawlana Nur al-Din 'Abd ah-Rahman". Encyclopaedia of Islam.
- ^ Ahmed, Rashid (2001). Taliban, p. 40. Yale University Press.
- ^ Machatsche, Roland (1996). The Basics:2 Islam. Trinity Press.
- ^ a b Schimmel, AnnMarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Capital Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
- ^ a b Rahman, Fazlur (1966). Islam. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
- ^ a b c d e Algar, Hamid (June 2008). "Jami and Sufism". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ Kia, Chad (June 2008). "Jami and Sufism". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ a b c d Algar, Hamid (23). "Jami and Sufism". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ a b Schimmel, AnnMarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Capital Hill: The University of North Caolina Press.
- ^ VOLUME X_3_4
- ^ Chokkakula, Srinivas. (2009). Interrogating Irrigation Inequities: Canal Irrigation Systems in Injil District, Herat. Case Study Series. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit. p.12. http://www.areu.org.af/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=42&Itemid=76
- ^ a b c Lingwood, Chad (March 2011). "Jami's Salaman va Absal: Political Statements and Mystical Advice Addressed to the Aq Qoyunlu Court of Sultan Ya'qub (d. 896/1490)". Iranian Studies 44 (2): 175–191.
- ^ Lingwood, Chad (March 2011). "Jami's Salaman va Absal: Political Statements and Mystical Advice Addressed to the Aq Qoyunlu Court of Sultan Ya'qub (d. 896/1490)". Iranian Studies 44 (2): 174–191.
- ^ Kia, Chad (23). "Jami and Persian Art". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
- ^ Shīrānī, 6.
References[link]
- E.G. Browne. Literary History of Persia. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. ISBN 978-0-7007-0406-4
- Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 OCLC 460598 ISBN 978-90-277-0143-5
- Ḥāfiż Mahmūd Shīrānī. "Dībācha-ye awwal [First Preface]." In Ḥifż ul-Lisān [a.k.a. Ḳhāliq Bārī], edited by Ḥāfiż Mahmūd Shīrānī. Delhi: Anjumman-e Taraqqi-e Urdū, 1944.
- Aftandil Erkinov. "Manuscripts of the works by classical Persian authors (Hāfiz, Jāmī, Bīdil): Quantitative Analysis of 17th-19th c. Central Asian Copies". Iran: Questions et connaissances. Actes du IVe Congrès Européen des études iraniennes organisé par la Societas Iranologica Europaea, Paris, 6-10 Septembre 1999. vol. II: Périodes médiévale et moderne. [Cahiers de Studia Iranica. 26], M.Szuppe (ed.). Association pour l`avancement des études iraniennes-Peeters Press. Paris-Leiden, 2002, pp. 213–228.
- Jami. Flashes of Light: A Treatise on Sufism. Golden Elixir Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-9843082-2-4 (ebook)
External links[link]
 |
Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
- Jami on PoetryPortal
- Jami on Iran Chamber Society Website
- Jami's Yusuf and Zulaikha: A Study in the Method of Appropriation of Sacred Text
- Jami's Salaman and Absal as Translated by Edward Fitzgerald. 1904
- Persian deewan of Jami Uploaded by Javed Hussen
- Online books by Jami - maktabah.org
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jami |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 18, 1414 |
| Place of birth | Khorasan |
| Date of death | November 19, 1492 |
| Place of death | Herat |
http://wn.com/Jami
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Djami
http://ru.wn.com/Джами
http://pl.wn.com/Maulana Dżami
http://de.wn.com/Dschami
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jami Sieber | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Jami |
| Genres | New age, ethnic |
| Occupations | Musician, composer |
| Instruments | Cello |
| Years active | 1994–present[1] |
| Labels | Magnatune |
| Associated acts | Kim Rosen |
| Website | Official website |
Jami Sieber is an English acoustic and electric cellist, vocalist and composer, recognized internationally for her "unique style".[2] She has received several positive reviews for her work.[3][4][5]
History[link]
Starting to learn the cello at the age of seven, Sieber played first chair in the children's orchestras of Minneapolis, then played as part of a touring folk duo with Charlie Murphy, which turned into a full-scale progressive rock band.[6] She later left the progressive rock band and instead became a solo artist, producing five solo albums,[7] four of which she has made available at Magnatune.[8] Several of her songs can be heard in the video game Braid.
Discography[link]
- 1994 - Lush Mechanique
- 1998 - Second Sight
- 2004 - Hidden Sky
- 2007 - Only Breath
- 2008 - Unspoken: The Music of Only Breath
References[link]
- ^ Judging from her first solo album, Lush Mechanique
- ^ "Her style of performance has been recognized internationally" http://www.jamisieber.com/bio/index.html
- ^ "...immediate emotional impact and conveying resonant themes of an interconnectedness that goes beyond the gorgeous sounds." http://www.whiteswanmusic.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/review.product/review_id/258,259
- ^ "Rating: Very Good." http://www.jamisieber.com/press/unspoken_reviews.html
- ^ "this really is a wonderful, relaxing album." http://decafbad.net/2007/07/16/music-reviews-utopia-banished-and-jami-sieber
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "Jami Sieber: enchanting cello compositions". Magnatune.com. http://magnatune.com/artists/sieber. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sieber, Jami |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Musician |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jami_Sieber
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami_Sieber
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Jami Smith is an American singer. She grew up in the small town of Chickasha, Oklahoma and is a graduate of Chickasha High School. She established Spring Rain Ministries, a non-profit ministry in 1999.[1] Smith graduated from Oklahoma Baptist University in 1993 with a bachelor's degree in music education and has produced six independent albums prior to the 1999 release of her self-titled album "Jami" by Vertical. A seasoned worship leader, Smith has led music for Passion conferences, OneDay, the National Acteens Conference, and the Student Live Conference. Her songs are featured on the Passion CD and the WoW Worship CD [2] The songs "Salt and Light" and "Wash Over Me" from her 2002 album release "Wash Over Me" were chart toppers on Christian radio in the US.[3]
Contents |
Personal[link]
Married to Oklahoma attorney Justin King, with whom she has a new baby girl, Emory, who turned 1 in 2010.
Education[link]
B.A., (1993). Oklahoma Baptist University, Shawnee, OK
Discography[link]
- Verse (2010)
- Faith In You (2008)
- Hope of All the Earth (2005)
- Bravo God (2005)
- Wash Over Me (2003)
- Breathe Deep (2002)
- Home (2001)
- Jami Smith (2000)
- Mysterious Love (1998)
- Soul Thirst (1998)
- What I Know (1997)
- Come Unto Me (1996)
- In the Shadow (1994)
- Follow the Leader (1992)
References[link]
- ^ http://www.chickashanews.com/local/local_story_071103200.html
- ^ http://www.okbu.edu/news/2000-08-21/smith-and-compton-pair-up-for-fall-challenge
- ^ http://www.christianitytoday.com/music/artists/jamismith.html
- ^ Jami Smith Official site
External links[link]
- Jami Smith Official site
- http://www.christianitytoday.com/music/artists/jamismith.html
- Infinity Music – Jami Smith Former record label's site.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Smith, Jami |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jami_Smith
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jami_Smith
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Wiki Summary
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī (Persian: نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی) also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami (August 18, 1414 – November 17, 1492), is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest Persian and Sufi poets of the 15th century. Jami was primarily an outstanding poet-theologian of the school of Ibn Arabī and a prominent Khwājagānī Sũfī. He was recognized for his eloquent tongue and ready at repartee who analyzed the idea of the metaphysics of mercy. Among his famous poetical works are: Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wa -Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.
Jami was born in Khardijird/Kharjerd in central Khorasan. Previously his father Nizām al-Dīn Ahmad b. Shams al-Dīn Muhammad had come from Dasht, a small town in the district of Isfahan. A few years after his birth, his family migrated to the cultural city of Herat where he was able to study Peripateticism, mathematics, Arabic literature, natural sciences, language, logic, rhetoric and Islamic philosophy at the Nizamiyyah University of Herat. His father became his first teacher and mentor, who was also a Sufi. While in Herat, Jami was a central role and function of the Timurid court, involved in the politics, economics, philosophy, religion, and Persian culture.
