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Huai'an 淮安
—  Prefecture-level city  —
淮安市
Gate tower in Huai'an
Location of Huai'an City (yellow) in Jiangsu
Huai'an Location in China
Coordinates: 33°30′N 119°8′E / 33.5°N 119.133°E / 33.5; 119.133Coordinates: 33°30′N 119°8′E / 33.5°N 119.133°E / 33.5; 119.133
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Jiangsu
Government
• Mayor	Fan Jinlong (樊金龙)
Area
• Prefecture-level city	10,132 km2 (3,912 sq mi)
• Urban	3,130 km2 (1,210 sq mi)
• Metro	3,130 km2 (1,210 sq mi)
Population (2010 census)
• Prefecture-level city	4,799,889
• Urban	2,494,013
• Urban density	800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
• Metro	2,494,013
• Metro density	800/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code	223000, 223200, 223300 (Urban center) 211600, 211700, 223100, 223400 (Other areas) (Other areas)
Area code(s)	517
GDP	¥112.2 billion (2009)
GDP per capita	¥23,300 (2009)
Major Nationalities	Han
County-level divisions	8
Township-level divisions	127
License Plate Prefix	苏H [Su-H]
Website	http://www.huaian.gov.cn

Huai'an (Chinese: 淮安; pinyin: Huái'ān), known as Huaiyin (Chinese: 淮阴; pinyin: Huáiyīn) before 2001, is a prefecture-level city in middle苏中 Jiangsu province of Eastern China. It borders Lianyungang, suqian to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Yangzhou to the southeast, and Nanjing, Chuzhou to the southwest. Huaian is the capital culture of Jianghuai, Huaiyang and Lower Yangtze Mandarin(江淮官话，江淮文化，淮扬）

The municipality has 4,799,889 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 2,494,013 in the built up area (4 urban districts).

Administration[link]

The prefecture-level city of Huai'an administers 8 county-level divisions, including 4 districts and 4 counties.

• Huai'an District (淮安区)
• Huaiyin District (淮阴区)
• Qinghe District (清河区)
• Qingpu District (清浦区)
• Jinhu County (金湖县)
• Xuyi County (盱眙县)
• Hongze County (洪泽县)
• Lianshui County (涟水县)

These are further divided into 127 township-level divisions, including 84 towns, 33 townships and 10 subdistricts.

History[link]

Ancient China[link]

The area of Huai'an spans over ancient canal of Huai River and the name of Huai'an takes the hope of the residents for lasting peaceful Huai River.

Pre-History

Chinese mythology recounts that Yu the Great, the Chinese leader with a legendary ability for flood control techniques, was constantly taming the Huai River here in Huai'an area.

Traces of the activities of ancient Chinese living in about 5000 to 6000 years ago have been found in the area. The most famous one is the Qingliangang Hill Civilization.

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasty

The borough area had been properly developed, and was leading China in convenience of transportation and irrigation. Gangou Drain (the section between Huaiyin and Yangzhou of the Grand Canal of China) connected the Yangtze River and the Huai He delta region. The Qian Road and Shan Road that traversed the region reached Southern and Northern China. Thus, Huaiyin was critical area for several strong states in Spring and Autumn period. The region was occupied by the Wu, Yue and Chu states, one after another.

Qin and Han Dynasty

After Qin Dynasty consolidated all states in China, County System was promoted throughout China. Huaiyin County (Matou Town of Huaiyin District today), Xuyi Country (Northern town of Xuyi County today), Dongyang (Maba of Xuyi County today) was built in the region today.

In a movement of rebelling farmers during the later years of Qin Dynasty, the people of Huai'an supported the rebel forces, including the famous militia Han Xin who was highly honored for his bravery and meritorious deeds.

In the epoch of West Han Dynasty, Huaipu County (Western Lianshui County today), Sheyang County (Southeast of Huai'an District today) and Fulin County (under the water of Hongze Lake today) were built.

During the Qin and Han Dynasty, great improvements, especially in irrigation, were made to agriculture and manufacturing. In the later years of East Han Dynasty, the Governor of Guanglin, Cheng Deng, built the Gaojiayang Levees (Hongze Lake Levees today). 30 miles in total, which kept out flood waters, and protected farmlands. He also built Pofu Pool for farm irrigation. Iron-made apparatus and bull-farming were widespread. Though a few wars and battles took place, agriculture, transportation and logistics made fair progress. The express way built by the first Qin Emperor went through the region, and the West Way of Gaogou Drain built by Cheng Deng, improved traffic between Yangtze and Huai He area.

Handicrafts and business also developed during this period, while culture and the arts were at high levels, as well. Home-teaching and private schools flourished in Han Dynasty and many famous artists appeared, for example, the Han-text composers Mei Chen and Mei Gao, and Chen Lin, one of the Seven Scholars of Jian'an.

Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties

Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties

Song and Yuan Dynasty

Ming and Qing Dynasty

The Ming Dynasty Ancestor Tomb (Ming Zu Ling) [明祖陵] is located in Xu Yi County (Xu Yi Xian) [盱眙县], the former Sizhou, of the Huai An Municipality (Huai An Shi) [淮安市]. This location was chosen for the tomb because the founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuan Zhang (1328-1398), aka Hong Wu (1368-1398), was conceived in Xuyi town of Huai'an, and his grandfather died there, while his family was moving from Sizhou to Fengyang in Anhui. Three of the Hong Wu emperor's ancestors were buried here, his grand father, his great gradfather, and his great great grandfather. Today the tomb site features a sacred way (shen dao) with one of the most impressive collections of Ming Dynasty stone statues in all of China.

The site of the prefecture headquarter in imperial times

Jiaotong Pagoda

Republic of China[link]

Since the People's Republic of China[link]

Whole area of Huaiyin was occupied by Chinese communist army in December 1948 and became the territory of P.R.China.

District of Huaiyin

District of Huaiyin was established on April 21, 1949, operating 10 counties, which were: Huaiyin, Huaibao (built of west parts of Huai'an and Baoyin section of the Grand Canal of China and county office located at town of Chahe), Siyang, Shuyang, Guanyun, Suqian, Suining, Xin'an (built of parts of Shuyang and Suqian and county office located at town of Xin'an), Pisui (built of southern Longhai Road of Pixian and northern Suining and county office located at town of Tushan) and Lianshui. The district office was at Huaiyin County.

Huaibao County was dissolved on May 12, 1950 to Huaiyin, Huai'an and Baoyin County (belonging to District of Yangzhou). And District of Huaiyin had 9 counties then.

The city area of Huaiyin County was separated as Qingjiang City on December 18, 1950 and District of Huaiyin then had 1 city and 9 counties.

With the establishment of Jiangsu Province in January 1953, District of Huaiyin was transferred to the province. Xin'an County was renamed to Xinyi County and county office of Pisui was moved to town of Yunhe. District of Huaiyin then had Qingjiang City and 9 counties, Huanyin, Lianshui, Guanyun, Siyang, Shuyang, Xinyi, Suqian, Pisui and Suining. The district office was sited at Qingjiang City. Later in the year, Suining, Pisui and Xinyi was given to District of Xuzhou and then District of Huaiyin had one city and six counties.

Qingjiang City was promoted to prefectural level of Jiangsu Province though was still operated by District of Huaiyin. Soon the district was joined by Huai'an County from District of Yancheng and in December by Sihong County from District of Suxian and Xuyi County from District of Chuxian in Anhui Province. The amount of all counties belonging to District of Huaiyin was 9.

In 1956 Hongze County was created from parts of Sihong, Huaiyin and Xuyi County with the county office sited at town of Gaoliangjian. The amount of counties then was 10.

In 1957 Xin'an Administrative Office was built from joint parts of Guanyun and Lianshui County and soon later renamed to Guannan County. The counties number reached 11.

Huaiyin County was merged in 1958 to Qingjiang City which was renamed to Huaiyin City and operated by District of Huaiyin, which had one city and 10 counties then.

However in 1964, Huaiyin City was renamed back to Qingjiang City and Huaiyin County was restored but the county office was sited in Qingjiang City.

Xuyi County was transferred to District of Luhe in 1966 and District of Huaiyin then had one city and 10 counties.

Huaiyin Region

District of Huaiyin was renamed to Huaiyin Region in 1970 with the region office sited at Qingjiang City, operating Qingjiang City and 10 counties, which were Guanyun, Guannan, Shuyang, Suqian, Siyang, Lianshui, Huaiyin, Huai'an, Hongze and Sihong.

Xuyi County was returned by Luhe Region in 1971 as well as new transferred Jinhu County. Then one city and 12 counties belonged to Huaiyin Region.

In 1975 the office of Huaiyin County was relocated at the town of Wangyin.

Huaiyin City

Qingjiang City was renamed to Huaiyin City again in 1983 and operated directly by Jiangsu Province with the end of Huaiyin Region. Meanwhile 11 counties, which were Guannan, Shuyang, Suqian, Siyang, Lianshui, Huaiyin, Sihong, Huai'an, Hongze, Xuyi and Jinhu, was transferred to new Huaiyin City while Guanyun County to Lianyungang City. The municipal area of Huaiyin City was split into two districts, Qinghe and Qingpu. Then 11 counties and 2 districts were belonging to Huaiyin City.

Suqian and Huai'an County was promoted to county-level cities in December 1987 by the order approved by Department of State, then renamed to Suqian and Huai'an City respectively. At the moment, Huaiyin City was operating 2 cities, 9 counties and 2 districts.

Suqian City was promoted to prefectural level of Jiangsu Province in 1996 and Shuyang, Siyang and Sihong County was transferred to Suqian City while Guannan County to Lianyungang City. After the adjustment, Huaiyin City had 5 counties, which were Huaiyin, Lianshui, Jinhu, Hongze and Xuyi, and 2 districts, Qinghe and Qingpu and was operating Huai'an City.

Huai'an City

By the order approved by Department of State on December 21, 2000, Huaiyin City was renamed to Huai'an City with the city office sited at Qinghe District while Huai'an District was established from original Huai'an City with the district office at town of Huaichen and Huaiyin District was established from original Huaiyin County with the district office at town of Wangyin. The county borders were also be slightly modified.

Now Huai'an City are operating over 4 districts, Qinghe, Qingpu, Huai'an and Huaiyin, and 4 counties, Xuyi, Lianshui, Jinhu and Hongze.

Transportation[link]

Huai'an is served by the Xinyi-Changxing Railway, which has a station in Huaiyin District.

The city is also served by nearby Huai'an Lianshui Airport. Currently the airport is only used by China Eastern airlines offering flights to Beijing-Capital, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shanghai-Hongqiao, Shanghai-Pudong, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Xiamen, and Xi'an. The airport is located 22 km from Central Huai'an in Lianshui county.

Notable people[link]

• Han Xin (died 196 BC), late Qin Dynasty military general under Liu Bang, enfeoffed the Marquess of Huaiyin.
• Wu Cheng'en (1500–1582), Ming Dynasty novelist, author of the Journey to the West.
• Guan Tianpei (1780–1841), Chinese national hero; died during the Opium War.
• Zhou Enlai (1898–1976), prominent Communist Party of China leader, Premier of the People's Republic of China since 1949 till death.
• Ruth Bell Graham (1920–2007), born Ruth McCue Bell, wife of the famous evangelist Billy Graham

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Huai'an

• Government website of Huai'an (in Simplified Chinese)
• Huai'an comprehensive guide with open directory (Jiangsu.NET)
• The Ming Dynasty Ancestor Tomb in Huai An

Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Long (4 January 1936 – 28 July 2007) was the eldest son of Bao Dai, Vietnam's last emperor. He headed the former ruling house from 30 July 1997 until his death.^[1]

Early life[link]

Bảo Long was born at Kien-Trung Palace, Huế on 4 January 1936, to Emperor Bao Dai and his first wife, Empress Nam Phương. On 7 March 1939, he was invested and proclaimed Crown Prince, the official heir to the throne, in a Confucian ceremony at Can-Chanh Palace in Huế.

In 1947, Empress Nam Phuong left Vietnam with the crown prince and his siblings. They lived at the Chateau Thorenz outside of Cannes, France, and he grew up as a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

Education[link]

He received his education at the Roches School in Normandy. He then went to Paris and studied law and political science to prepare him to serve on state affairs.

In 1953, Crown Prince Bảo Long attended the coronation of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in London as a representative of the Vietnamese Imperial Family.

Military service[link]

Crown Prince Bảo Long served in the French Foreign Legion in the Algerian War and he highly distinguished himself, earning the Croix de guerre (Cross of Military Valor) with three stars for his courage in battle.^[1] His other decorations are the Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit, the decoration of the Golden Gong 2nd Class, the Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Cambodia, the Order of the Million Elephants and White Parasol of Laos and a commemorative medal for attending the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. After 10 years of service in the French Foreign Legion, he returned to Paris, France where he worked in a bank.^[1] He spent the remainder of his life as an investment banker.

Head of the Imperial Family[link]

In 1997, when the Emperor Bảo Đại died, Bảo Long inherited the position of head of the Nguyễn Dynasty. He remained out of politics and lived quietly in Paris.^[2]

During his time as head of the Nguyễn Dynasty, Bao Long worked with Prince Bảo Vang, who was appointed Grandmaster of the Order of the Dragon of Annam in 2005. The focus of the order is on humanitarian, educational, and cultural endeavours of the people of Vietnam.^[3]

Although the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League wish to restore the Nguyễn Dynasty to the throne under a constitutional monarchy, as in Cambodia and Thailand, Bao Long did not support their political aspirations.^[4]

Crown Prince Bao Long died in Paris on 28 July 2007, with his brother, Bảo Thắng, succeeding him as head of the Nguyễn Dynasty.

At the time of his death, the Crown Prince was married to a woman known only as Madame Hebey (or Citi). They had no children.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Announcement of Crown Prince Bao Long's death by The Imperial Order of the Dragon of Annam
• Official Website of the History of the Order of the Dragon of Annam – by Edward J. Emering & John Sylvester, Jr.
• Vietnamese crown prince passes away

v t e Pretenders to the Vietnamese throne since 1945 Emperor Bao Dai (1945 - 1997) Crown Prince Bao Long (1997 - 2007) Prince Bao Thang (2007 - )