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Filipino
Spoken in	Philippines
Native speakers	(see Tagalog)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central Philippine Tagalog Filipino
Writing system	Filipino alphabet (Latin script)
Official status
Official language in	Philippines
Regulated by	Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino)
Language codes
ISO 639-1	tl
ISO 639-2	fil
ISO 639-3	fil

Filipino is the official and national language of the Philippines which are composed of 8 different major languages in the country such as Cebuano or Binisaya, Kapampangan, Hiligaynon, Bikol, Pangasinan, Tagalog, Ilocano, and Maranao. Though Filipino is patterned to Tagalog language in sentence construction but several terms in Filipino language are not available in Tagalog because the Filipino language is a mixture of the 8 majority languages of the county to form a national Language “Filipino Language”.^[1]

Filipino is a prestige register which is based in Tagalog language in sentence construction and is designated as the national language of the Philippines and as an official language (the other being English).^[2] Tagalog is a first language of about one-third of the Philippine population; it is centered around Manila but is spoken in varying degrees nationwide.^[3]

History[link]

There was no common language in the Philippine archipelago when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. The three major linguae francae were Tagalog, Ilocano, and Visayan. As the Philippine languages are all closely related and therefore easy for Filipinos to learn, most speakers of smaller languages spoke in two or more such regional languages.

On 12 November 1937, the first national assembly in the Philippines approved a law creating a National Language Institute to make a study and survey of each existing native language, hoping to choose which was to be the base for a standardised national language.^[4] The three main contenders were Tagalog, Visayan, and Ilocano.

On 14 July 1936, the Surián ng Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language Institute) selected Tagalog as the basis of the Wikáng Pambansâ (National Language) based on the following factors:

1. Tagalog is widely spoken and is the most understood in all the Philippine Regions;
2. It is not divided into smaller daughter languages, such as Visayan or Bikol are;
3. Its literary tradition is the richest, most developed and extensive (mirroring that of the Tuscan language vis-à-vis Italian). More books are written in Tagalog than in any other autochthonous Philippine language, but this is mainly by virtue of law and privilege;
4. Tagalog has always been the language of Manila, the political and economic centre of the Philippines during the Spanish and American Eras;
5. Tagalog was the language of the 1896 Revolution and the Katipunan.

In 1959, the language became known as Pilipino in an effort to dissociate it from the Tagalog ethnic group.^[5]

Later, the 1973 Constitution provided for a separate national language to replace Pilipino, a language which it termed Filipino. However, Article XV, Section 3(2), mentions neither Tagalog nor Pilipino as the basis for Filipino, instead calling on the National Assembly to:

take steps toward the development and formal adoption of a common national language to be known as Filipino.

This move has drawn much criticism from other regional groups.

In 1987, a new constitution introduced many provisions for the language.^[6] Article XIV, Section 6, omits any mention of Tagalog as the basis for Filipino, and states that:

as [Filipino] evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.

And also states in the article:

Subject to provisions of law and as the Congress may deem appropriate, the Government shall take steps to initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as language of instruction in the educational system.

and:

The regional languages are the auxiliary official languages in the regions and shall serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.

Republic Act No. 7104, approved on August 14, 1991, created the Commission on the Filipino Language, reporting directly to the President and tasked to undertake, coordinate and promote researches for the development, propagation and preservation of Filipino and other Philippine languages.^[7] On May 13, 1992, the commission issued Resolution 92-1, specifying that Filipino is the

indigenous written and spoken language of Metro Manila and other urban centers in the Philippines used as the language of communication of ethnic groups.^[8]

However, as with the 1973 and 1987 Constitutions, 92-1 neither went so far as to categorically identify nor dis-identify this language as Tagalog. Definite, absolute, and unambiguous interpretation of 92-1 is the prerogative of the Supreme Court in the absence of directives from the KWF, otherwise the sole legal arbiter of the Filipino language.

Filipino was presented and registered with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), by then Ateneo de Manila University student Martin Gomez, and was added to the ISO registry of languages on September 21, 2004 with it receiving the ISO 639-2 code fil.^[9] In June 2007, Ricardo Maria Nolasco, then Chair of the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino (Commission on the Filipino Language), acknowledged that Filipino was simply Tagalog in syntax and grammar, with as yet no grammatical element or lexicon coming from Ilocano, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, or any of the other Philippine languages. He said further that this is contrary to the intention of Republic Act No. 7104 that requires that the national language be developed and enriched by the lexicon of the country's other languages, something that the commission is working towards.^[10] On August 24, 2007, Dr. Nolasco elaborated further on the relationship between Tagalog and Filipino in a separate article, as follows:

Are "Tagalog," "Pilipino" and "Filipino" different languages? No, they are mutually intelligible varieties, and therefore belong to one language. According to the KWF, Filipino is that speech variety spoken in Metro Manila and other urban centers where different ethnic groups meet. It is the most prestigious variety of Tagalog and the language used by the national mass media.

The other yardstick for distinguishing a language from a dialect is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog" share identical grammar. They have the same determiners (ang, ng and sa); the same personal pronouns (siya, ako, niya, kanila, etc.); the same demonstrative pronouns (ito, iyan, doon, etc.); the same linkers (na, at and ay); the same particles (na and pa); and the same verbal affixes -in, -an, i- and -um-. In short, same grammar, same language.^[11]

On August 22, 2007, it was reported that three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan decided to use Filipino, instead of English, in order to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State University following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines. De la Rama said it was the dream of Chief Justice Reynato Puno to implement the program in other areas such as Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal, and Metro Manila.^[12]

Filipino vs. Tagalog[link]

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Filipino may refer to either the Filipino language which was formed and organized by President Quezon from the 8 majority languages of the Philippines, or to the people as Filipino the citizen of the Philippines.

Tagalog refers to the native people who are born and grew up in Manila and Tagalog regions and the native vernacular language spoken in Manila and surrounding Tagalog regions.

"Filipino" is sometimes described as "Tagalog-based" as the sentence construction is patterned in Tagalog. Filipino people who are speaking "Filipino" could not be fully understood by Tagalog people because tagalog as their language is a language that is based in Manila while Filipino language is mixed and based from 8 majority language if the Philippines, part of a political fiction that the national language is based on an amalgam of Philippine languages rather than on Tagalog alone.^[2] It is usually called Filipino within the Philippines and among Filipinos to differentiate it from other Philippine languages, but it has come to be known as Filipino to differentiate it from the languages of other countries; the former implies a regional origin, the latter a national. This is similar to the concept of the names given to the Spanish language, where Spanish is a general national term, but Castilian refers to a regional or stylistic variant of Spanish.José Ignacio Hualde; Antxon Olarrea; Erin O'Rourke (2012). The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-9882-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=-Wx0RP0_cPwC. 

Official status[link]

Filipino is constitutionally designated as the national language of the Philippines and, along with English, as one of two official languages.^[13]

See also[link]

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• New Vicassan's English–Pilipino Dictionary by Vito C. Santos, ISBN 971-27-0349-5
• Learn Filipino: Book One by Victor Eclar Romero ISBN 1-932956-41-7
• Lonely Planet Filipino/Tagalog (TravelTalk) ISBN 1-59125-364-0
• Lonely Planet Pilipino Phrasebook ISBN 0-86442-432-9
• UP Diksyonaryong Filipino by Virgilio S. Almario (ed.) ISBN 971-8781-98-6, and ISBN 971-8781-99-4
• English–Pilipino Dictionary, Consuelo T. Panganiban, ISBN 971-08-5569-7
• Diksyunaryong Filipino–English, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, ISBN 971-8705-20-1
• New English–Filipino Filipino–English Dictionary, by Maria Odulio de Guzman ISBN 971-08-1776-0
• Lim English–Filipino Filipino–English Dictionary, by Ed Lim (2008), Lulu.com ISBN 978-0-557-03800-8
• "When I was a child I spoke as a child": Reflecting on the Limits of a Nationalist Language Policy by Danilo Manarpaac. In: The politics of English as a world language: new horizons in postcolonial cultural studies by Christian Mair. Rodopi; 2003 ISBN 978-90-420-0876-2. p. 479–492.
• Free Filipino Flashcards by CoboCards

External links[link]

Filipino language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

• Commission on the Filipino Language
• A small and useful Tagalog dictionary (English - Tagalog)
• Language planning in multilingual countries: The case of the Philippines, discussion by linguist and educator Andrew Gonzalez
• The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines, by Andrew Gonzalez, FSC
• Tagalog: A Brief Look at the National Language
• Tagalog dominance must be balanced by support for all languages – Part 1 (archived from the original on 2007-09-02), Part 2 (archived from the original on 2007-09-03), Part 3 (archived from the original on 2008-12-30).
• Kalyespeak.com – Learn Filipino Free Language Learning with Audio Lessons and Podcasts
• The Nationalization of a Language: Filipino by C. J. Paz, University of the Philippines
• The Filipino language that might have been

v t e Languages of the Philippines and Philippine languages National language Filipino Official languages Filipino • English Recognized regional languages Bikol • Cebuano • Chavacano (Spanish-based creole) • Hiligaynon • Ilokano • Kapampangan • Kinaray-a • Maguindanao • Maranao • Pangasinan • Tagalog • Tausug • Waray-Waray Recognized auxiliary languages Arabic • Spanish Language groups Borneo-Philippines • Northern Philippine {Northern Luzon (Batanic) • Northern Cordilleran • South-Central Cordilleran} • {Central Luzon (Sambalic)} • Central Philippine {Bikol (Coastal • Inland • Pandan) • Visayan (Aklan • Bisakol)} • Southern Philippine

Mikey Bustos
Background information
Birth name	Michael John Tumanguil Pestano Bustos
Born	(1981-06-23) 23 June 1981 (age 31) Weston, Ontario, Canada
Genres	Pop, R&B
Occupations	Singer-songwriter , Part-Time Actor , Comedian
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	2003–present
Website	http://www.mikeybustos.ca/events.asp

Mikey Bustos (born June 23, 1981) is a Filipino Canadian singer who has appeared on the reality television show Canadian Idol.

Early life[link]

Bustos is from the Weston neighbourhood of Toronto. Before Canadian Idol, he worked as a temp at the Bank of Montreal.^[1]

Canadian Idol[link]

Bustos placed seventh runner-up in the finals of Canadian Idol Season One in August 2003, despite Chart magazine's prediction: "If we were to lay our bets today, ChartAttack’s money would be on Toronto contestant Mikey Bustos, a slightly strange looking young man with a shaved head and the voice of an angel."^[2] From his very first audition where he floored the four judges, he established the largest fan base early in the competition, and made headlines all over the country.^{[citation needed]}

Bustos recorded with BMG Canada/Vik Recordings for the Canadian Idol compilation album, which was certified Gold on the Soundscan Billboard charts on second day of release, and ranked in the Top 5 best selling Canadian albums in its debut week, selling over 60,000 units nationwide.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] Post Idol

After competing on Canadian Idol, Bustos began performing throughout Canada and the US at many events and showcases at top venues. Mikey also had special guest appearances and interviews at numerous radio stations including CHUM FM, CFMT, Z 103.5 FM, Flow 93.5 FM, Mix 99.9 FM, AM 680 News, CHIN Ottawa FM, CKMS 100.3 FM Waterloo, and has several times appeared on CTV (Etalk Daily/ Canada AM Live), CBC Quebec, and local stations like Omni1 and Rogers (Daytime Toronto).^{[citation needed]}

Career[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2012)

In 2004, Bustos recorded, performed, and mastered his craft in New York City residing in Queens and Manhattan, collaborating and recording with acclaimed producer Glenn Swan of the renowned Chung King Studios.

In 2005, Bustos released his debut extended play entitled Love Me Again on May 7. It was produced by Brent Bodrug of B-Group Music, who previously had worked with Alanis Morissette, Jack Soul, and Sugar Jones. It is available at all HMV locations across Canada.

In 2006, Bustos continued touring in the U.S. performing in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Las Vegas. He also began to perform in other countries, traveling to the Philippines, where he was front act for the Pussycat Dolls. Mikey also had a series of guest appearances, interviews, and live performances on popular Philippine TV shows including TFC's ASAP '06, and GMA's Eat Bulaga, Star Talk, SOP, S-Files, Unang Hirit, SIS, MTV Philippines, and even the country's first Philippine Idol. Mikey's radio performances and mall performance at Eastwood City in Manila were also highlights.

In 2007, Bustos was featured in a commercial for MTV Canada & was the front act for Christina Aguilera in the Philippines on July 6. He released a music video the next year for his single "If It Feels Good Then We Should" from his debut solo album Memoirs of a Superhero. The album was released on December 23, 2008, and its album art was designed by Orange Pop Media.

In 2009, Bustos' single "If It Feels Good Then We Should" reached Top 20 for multiple weeks on Canadian mainstream radio, as well as Top 2 Music Video on the California Music Channel in the US. His single "All I Need Is Me" was also played at Footlocker Stores nationwide. Under Bustos Entertainment Inc, he signed with Universal Music/North Fontana Distribution in May 2009.

In 2010, Bustos was nominated for a Toronto Independent Music Award for Best Adult Contemporary category. His song "Everytime My Heart Beats" from his debut album "Memoirs of a Superhero" since its release has become a Youtube phenomenon. Mikey was also involved in musical theater projects including a star role in the Summerworks production of Prison Dancer: The Musical.

Bustos continues to tour the world performing and making guest appearances on TV, radio, and the internet. He is also the co-founder, creator, and co-owner of a store providing formicariums (ant farms) and ant keeping products to enthusiasts worldwide.

YouTube videos[link]

Bustos is known for his videos uploaded on video website YouTube about Filipino tutorials, including eating Balut (duck embryo), Filipino dining, Filipino courting, and the Filipino CR. He also made a parody of "Born This Way" by Lady Gaga entitled "Pinoy This Way". He has been appeared on TV several times: TV Patrol and Bandila on ABS-CBN; and 24 Oras and Saksi on GMA.

Product Endorsements[link]

In 2011, Bustos became the spokesperson and endorser for brands like Samsung, Nescafe, and Mang Juan snacks.^[3] His TV commercials for Chicharron ni Mang Juan run on Philippines TV on all major networks nationwide.

Television[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Mikey Bustos official site
• Mikey Bustos on Canadian Idol
• The AntsCanada Ants Store

Michael Alexander Alvarez Pamular, better known by his stage name Josh Santana is a Filipino television Actor and singer. Santana was born on 18 June in Metro Manila, Philippines to Spanish-Filipino parents Ramón Delgado Pamular (judge) and Sonia Magno Álvarez. He rose to popularity in 2003 as the male love interest of Carol Banawa in the TV series Bituin. It was from the character he played in Bituin where he took the name Josh Santana.

Beginnings[link]

Josh Santana obtained his college degree at the Far Eastern University (FEU), Manila. He represented his university in an International Student Congress held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2005 and in 2006, was elected as the President of the FEU-Central Student Council. He graduated in 2007 and named with 12 others as an Outstanding Senior Student out of 6000 FEU graduates of 2007.

After his graduation, he was named Dangal ng Kabataan awardee (or Honor to the Youth) by the Pampelikulang Samahan ng mga Dalub-guro.

Acting[link]

In Bituin, Josh Santana plays the role of a very popular Filipino actor-singer from whom Melody Sandoval (played by Carol Banawa) seeks help in launching her singing career. However, he despises her having come from a poor provincial family.

Upon realising the truth about his dwindling singing career, after his fans found out that he had a son, who was kept away from media exposure, died in an accident, he was left with only one option, to accept the offer to have Melody as a guest in his concert.

By then, Melody has already become a more popular personality. The world turns around, and this time it is Josh who needs help from Melody, who sings with a crystal clear and angelic voice. They both get a chance to work with each other and eventually fall in love.

Bituin soon ended following the rumours that its senior lead character Nora Aunor refused to comply with the agreement specified in her contract signed with ABS-CBN Star Cinema.

Singing[link]

After Bituin, Santana focused on his singing career and eventually he was given another shot when he recorded the theme song of Basta't Kasama Kita, followed by a translation of Qing Fei Di Yi to Can't Help Fallin for the theme song of Meteor Garden.

Josh left show business after he released the theme song of the teen-oriented TV programme Qpids titled Dito sa Puso ko, were he featured the then new discovery Nikki Gil.

Discography[link]

[edit] Josh Santana

In 2004, Santana released a 10-track self-tiled album
The album is described as "Original" containing:

• "Hindi Ko Kaya" (Lyrics & Music by: Aaron Paul Del Rosario/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)
• "Muli" (Lyrics & Music by: Rhoen Del Monte & Romwell/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)
• "Mahal Na Mahal Ko Siya" (Lyrics & Music by: Gary Valenciano/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)
• "Nasaan Ka?" (Lyrics & Music by: Jonathan Manalo/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)
• "Maibabalik Ko Ba?" (Lyrics & Music by: Marc Bryan R. Adona/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)
• "Mahal Naman Kita" (Lyrics & Music by: Marizen Yaneza/Arranged by: Gino "Blooze" Cruz)
• "Can't Help Fallin'" (Tagalog Adaptaion) (Lyrics & Music by: Chang Keat Siong/Arranged by: Jun Tamayo)
• "Pagkat Sa Pangarap (Lyrics & Music by: Larry Hermoso/Arranged by: Elmer Blancaflor)
• "Ikaw Lang Pala" (Lyrics & Music by: Joanthan Florido/Arranged by: Arnold Cabalza)
• "Journey Of A Smile" (Lyrics & Music by: Markel Luna/Arranged by: Paolo Zarate)

[edit] Josh Santana: Eres tú

In March 2009, Santana released a 10-track album entitled Josh Santana: Eres tú.^[1]

The album is described as "Fil-Hispano", containing:

• Three original songs:
  • "Kahit Minsan Lang" (composed by Marlon Silva)
  • "Magpakailanman" (composed Marlon Silva)
  • "Estar Contigo (composed by Josh Santana himself)
• Covers / interpretation:
  • "Historia de un Amor" (all Spanish)
  • "Eres Tú" (all Spanish)
  • "Hate That I Love You" (Spanish/English)
  • "Eres Mío" (Spanish/Tagalog)"
  • "Dreaming of You" (in cover, originally by Selena)
  • "I Don't Wanna Lose You Now (in cover, originally by Gloria Estefan)
• An alternative version of the all-time Spanish favorite "Eres Tu"

The album was produced by Zachary Cordero Barlahan and Dennis García Arce.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Josh Santana MySpace website