Native name	''República Portuguesa''
Conventional long name	Portuguese Republic
Common name	Portugal
Continent	Europe
Region	Iberian Peninsula
Country	Portugal
Government type	Parliamentary Republic
Year start	1910
Year end	1926
Event start	Established
Date start	October 5,
Event end	Disestablished
Date end	May 29,
P1	Kingdom of Portugal
Flag p1	Flag Portugal (1830).svg
S1	Ditadura Nacional
Flag s1	Flag of Portugal.svg
Image coat	Coat of arms of Portugal.svg
Capital	Lisbon
National anthem	A Portuguesa
Common languages	Portuguese
Legislature	Congress of the Republic
House1	Senate
Type house1	Upper house
House2	Chamber of Deputies
Type house2	Lower house
Currency	Portuguese real (1910-1911)Portuguese escudo (1911-1926)
Leader1	Teófilo Braga
Leader2	Bernardino Machado
Year leader1	1910-1911
Year leader2	1925-1926
Title leader	President
Deputy1	Teófilo Braga
Deputy2	António Maria da Silva
Year deputy1	1910-1911
Year deputy2	1925-1926
Title deputy	Prime Minister
Stat year1	1911
Stat area1	92391
Stat pop1	5969056
Stat year2	1920
Stat area2	92391
Stat pop2	6032991
Footnotes	}}

The First Portuguese Republic () spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the period of constitutional monarchy marked by the 5 October 1910 revolution and the 28 May ''coup d'état'' of 1926. The last movement instituted a military dictatorship known as ''Ditadura Nacional'' (national dictatorship) that would be followed by the corporatist ''Estado Novo'' (new state) regime of António de Oliveira Salazar.

The republic[link]

The First Portuguese Republic has, over the course of the recent past, lost many historians to the New State. As a result, it is difficult to attempt a global synthesis of the republican period in view of the important gaps that still persist in our knowledge of its political history. As far as the October 1910 Revolution is concerned, a number of valuable studies have been made, first among which ranks Vasco Pulido Valente’s polemical thesis. This historian posited the Jacobin and urban nature of the revolution carried out by the Portuguese Republican Party (PRP) and claimed that the PRP had turned the republican regime into a de facto dictatorship. This vision clashes with an older interpretation of the First Republic as a progressive and increasingly democratic regime which presented a clear contrast to Salazar’s ensuing dictatorship.

A republican Constitution was approved in 1911, inaugurating a parliamentary regime with reduced presidential powers and two chambers of parliament. The Republic provoked important fractures within Portuguese society, notably among the essentially monarchist rural population, in the trade unions, and in the Church. The republic established was anticlerical and had a "hostile" approach to the issue of church and state separation, like that of the French Revolution, and the future Spanish Constitution of 1931 and Mexican Constitution of 1917. Even the PRP had to endure the secession of its more moderate elements, who formed conservative republican parties like the Evolutionist Party and the Republican Union. In spite of these splits the PRP, led by Afonso Costa, preserved its dominance, largely due to a brand of clientelist politics inherited from the monarchy. In view of these tactics, a number of opposition forces resorted to violence in order to enjoy the fruits of power. There are few recent studies of this period of the Republic’s existence, known as the ‘old’ Republic. Nevertheless, an essay by Vasco Pulido Valente should be consulted, as should the attempt to establish the political, social, and economic context made by M. Villaverde Cabral (1988).

The Republic repelled a royalist attack on Chaves in 1912.

The PRP viewed the outbreak of the First World War as a unique opportunity to achieve a number of goals: putting an end to the twin threats of a Spanish invasion of Portugal and of foreign occupation of the colonies and, at the internal level, creating a national consensus around the regime and even around the party. These domestic objectives were not met, since participation in the conflict was not the subject of a national consensus and since it did not therefore serve to mobilise the population. Quite the opposite occurred: existing lines of political and ideological fracture were deepened by Portugal's intervention in the First World War. The lack of consensus around Portugal’s intervention in turn made possible the appearance of two dictatorships, led by General Pimenta de Castro (January–May 1915) and Sidónio Pais (December 1917-December 1918).

The "República Nova" ("New Republic")[link]

Sidonismo, also known as ''Dezembrismo'' (Eng. ''Decemberism''), aroused a strong interest among historians, largely as a result of the elements of modernity that it contained. António José Telo has made clear the way in which this regime predated some of the political solutions invented by the totalitarian and fascist dictatorships of the 1920s and 1930s. Sidónio Pais undertook the rescue of traditional values, notably the ''Pátria'' (Eng. ''Homeland''), and attempted to rule in a charismatic fashion. A move was made to abolish traditional political parties and to alter the existing mode of national representation in parliament (which, it was claimed, exacerbated divisions within the ''Pátria'') through the creation of a corporative Senate, the founding of a single party (the National Republican Party), and the attribution of a mobilising function to the Leader. The State carved out an economically interventionist role for itself while, at the same time, repressing working-class movements and leftist republicans. Sidónio Pais also attempted to restore public order and to overcome, finally, some of the rifts of the recent past, making the Republic more acceptable to monarchists and Catholics.

Return to the "República Velha" ("Old Republic"[link]

The vacuum of power created by Sidónio Pais' assassination on 14 December 1918 led the country to a brief civil war. The monarchy’s restoration was proclaimed in the north of Portugal on 19 January 1919 and, four days later, a monarchist insurrection broke out in Lisbon. A republican coalition government, led by José Relvas, coordinated the struggle against the monarchists by loyal army units and armed civilians. After a series of clashes the monarchists were definitively chased from Porto on 13 February 1919. This military victory allowed the PRP to return to government and to emerge triumphant from the elections held later that year, having won the usual absolute majority.

It was during this restoration of the "old" Republic that an attempted reform was carried out in order to provide the regime with greater stability. In August 1919 a conservative President was elected – António José de Almeida (whose Evolutionist party had come together in wartime with the PRP to form a flawed, because incomplete, Sacred Union) – and his office was given the power to dissolve Parliament. Relations with the Holy See, restored by Sidónio Pais, were preserved. The President used his new power to resolve a crisis of government in May 1921, naming a Liberal government (the Liberal party being the result of the postwar fusion of Evolutionists and Unionists) to prepare the forthcoming elections. These were held on 10 July 1921 with victory going, as was usually the case, to the party in power. However, Liberal government did not last long. On 19 October a military ''pronunciamento'' was carried out during which – and apparently against the wishes of the coup's leaders – a number of prominent conservative figures, including Prime Minister António Granjo, were assassinated. This event, known as the "night of blood" left a deep wound among political elites and public opinion. There could be no greater demonstration of the essential fragility of the Republic's institutions and proof that the regime was democratic in name only, since it did not even admit the possibility of the rotation in power characteristic of the elitist regimes of the nineteenth century.

A new round of elections on 29 January 1922 inaugurated a fresh period of stability, since the PRP once again emerged from the contest with an absolute majority. Discontent with this situation had not, however, disappeared. Numerous accusations of corruption, and the manifest failure to resolve pressing social concerns wore down the more visible PRP leaders while making the opposition’s attacks more deadly. At the same time, moreover, all political parties suffered from growing internal faction-fighting, especially the PRP itself. The party system was fractured and discredited. This is clearly shown by the fact that regular PRP victories at the ballot box did not lead to stable government. Between 1910 and 1926 there were forty-five governments. The opposition of presidents to single-party governments, internal dissent within the PRP, the party's almost non-existent internal discipline, and its constant and irrational desire to group together and lead all republican forces made any government's task practically impossible. Many different formulae were attempted, including single-party governments, coalitions, and presidential executives, but none succeeded. Force was clearly the sole means open to the opposition if it wanted to enjoy the fruits of power.

By the mid-1920s the domestic and international scenes began to favour another authoritarian solution, wherein a strengthened executive might restore political and social order. Since the opposition's constitutional route to power was blocked by the various means deployed by the PRP to protect itself, it turned to the army for support. The armed forces, whose political awareness had grown during the war, and whose leaders had not forgiven the PRP for sending them to a war they did not want to fight, seemed to represent, to conservative forces, the last bastion of "order" against the "chaos" that was taking over the country. Links were established between conservative figures and military officers, who added their own political and corporative demands to the already complex equation. The Revolution of 28 May 1926 enjoyed the support of most army units and even of most political parties. As had been the case in December 1917, the population of Lisbon did not rise to defend the Republic, leaving it at the mercy of the army. There are few global and up-to-date studies of this turbulent third phase of the Republic’s existence. Nevertheless, much has been written about the crisis and fall of the regime and the 28 May movement;. The First Republic continues to be the subject of an intense debate which is impossible to summarise in these paragraphs. Nevertheless, one can distinguish three main interpretations. For some historians, the First Republic was a progressive and increasingly democratic regime. For others, it was essentially a prolongation of the classical liberal regimes of the nineteenth century. A third group, finally, chooses to highlight the regime's revolutionary, Jacobin, and dictatorial nature.

Heads of state and government[link]

The First Portuguese Republic was an unstable period in the History of Portugal. In a period of 16 years (1910–1926) Portugal had 8 Presidents of the Republic, 1 Provisional Government, 38 Prime Ministers and 1 Constitutional ''Junta'':

References[link]

Category:Anti-Catholicism in Portugal Category:Anticlericalism Category:States and territories established in 1910 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1926 Category:Political history of Portugal Category:Republicanism in Portugal Category:20th century in Portugal Category:1926 disestablishments

an:Primera Republica Portuguesa ca:Primera República de Portugal de:Erste Portugiesische Republik es:Primera República Portuguesa fr:Première République portugaise it:Prima repubblica portoghese ka:პორტუგალიის პირველი რესპუბლიკა la:Res Publica Lusitanica Prima ja:ポルトガル第一共和政 no:Den første portugisiske republikk pl:Pierwsza Republika Portugalska pt:Primeira República Portuguesa ru:Первая Португальская республика sv:Första portugisiska republiken uk:Перша Португальська Республіка

First Republic can refer to:

First Armenian Republic (1915), a provisional government in western Armenia between 1915 and 1918

First Armenian Republic, also known as the Democratic Republic of Armenia (1918-1920)

First Austrian Republic (1919–1934)

First Brazilian Republic (1889-1930)

First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938)

French First Republic (1792–1804)

First Republic of Ghana (1960-1966)

First Hellenic Republic, sometimes used for Greece during the War of Independence (1822–1832)

First Hungarian Republic (1918-1920)

First Italian Republic, an informal term for Italy between 1947 and 1992

First Republic of South Korea (1948–1960)

First Republic of Madagascar (1958-1972)

First Republic of the Maldives (1952-1954)

First Nigerian Republic (1963–1966)

First Philippine Republic (1899–1901)

First Polish Republic, an informal term for the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

Portuguese First Republic (1910–1926)

First Roman Republic, established ca. 508 BC

First Slovak Republic (1939-1945)

First Spanish Republic (1873–1874)

First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812)

First Republic of Vietnam (1955-1963)

First Republic Bank of San Francisco, California

First Republic Bank Corporation of Dallas, Texas, a bank that collapsed in the late 1980's

See also[link]

Second Republic (disambiguation)

Third Republic (disambiguation)

Fourth Republic (disambiguation)

Fifth Republic (disambiguation)

ca:Primera República cs:První republika (rozcestník) de:Erste Republik es:Primera República fr:Première République gl:Primeira República ko:제1공화국 (동음이의) ka:პირველი რესპუბლიკა ja:第一共和政 pl:Pierwsza Republika pt:Primeira República sk:Prvá republika vi:Đệ nhất Cộng hòa zh:第一共和国

Border	Royal
Royal title	King
Realm	Portugal and the Algarves
Coatofarms	Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Portugal (1640-1910).png
Coatofarmssize	160px
Coatofarmscaption	Royal Coat of arms
First monarch	Afonso I
Last monarch	Manuel II
Style	''See below''
Residence	Ajuda Palace Alcáçova Palace Belém Palace Necessidades Palace Queluz Palace Ribeira Palace
Began	25 July 1139
Ended	5 October 1910
Pretender	Duarte Pio }}

This is a list of Portuguese monarchs dating from the independence of Portugal from the kingdom of León under Afonso Henriques, who proclaimed himself King in 1139, until the proclamation of the Portuguese Republic on 5 October 1910, during the reign of Manuel II, "the Patriot", or "the Missed King". Afonso I was recognized as king in 1143 by Alfonso VII of León and Castile and in 1179 by Pope Alexander III.

It includes the Portuguese rulers from the:

The Kings of the Portuguese House of Burgundy, or the Afonsine Dynasty (1143–1383/1385)

The Kings of the House of Aviz, or the Joannine Dynasty (1385–ca. 1580)

The Kings of the Portuguese House of Habsburg, or the Philippine Dynasty (1580–1640)

The Kings of the House of Braganza, or the Brigantine Dynasty (1640–1853)

The Kings of the House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, or Braganza-Coburg (1853–1910)

House of Burgundy, or Afonsine Dynasty, 1143–1383[link]

When to date the beginning of the House of Burgundy is subject to debate. Some date it as early as the appointment of Henry of Burgundy as Count of Portugal, yet he never used any title but Count of Portugal. His widow Theresa briefly called herself, ''Queen Theresa of Portugal, daughter of the great Emperor Alfonso'' of León, but she had been forced to recognize her lands as a fief of León. In 1139, Afonso proclaimed himself King, and in 1143, his cousin and nominal overlord Alfonso VII of León granted formal recognition to this claim, maintaining vassalage only over the Leonese exclave town of Astorga. Papal recognition was not granted until 1179, when Alexander III's papal bull Manifestis Probatum placed Astorga under papal vassalage.

In 1128, with the Battle of São Mamede and the end of the civil war, by the deposition of Queen Theresa, power was taken by Infante Dom Afonso Henriques as the sole ruler, officially styling himself Prince of Portugal, grandson of Emperor Alfonso VI of León. He proclaimed himself King of Portugal in 1139. This is commonly accepted as the date of the foundation of the first Portuguese royal house. With Afonso's victory in the Battle of Ourique he was acclaimed King of Portugal by his soldiers and the Portuguese people. In the same year, according to the legend, he summoned the ''cortes'' (estates-general) at Lamego, where he was crowned by the archbishop of Braga.

The year of 1143 is also a significant date in the foundation of the Portuguese House of Burgundy as the Portuguese royal house. In that year Afonso I declared himself the direct liegeman of the Papacy and swore himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, even if the pope did not immediately recognise his allegiance. It was also in that year that the Treaty of Zamora established peace between the Portuguese and León and Castile with Alfonso VII of León and Castile recognizing Afonso as a king. However, as the Church did not recognize Portugal in the dignity of a kingdom with the right to conquer territories from the Moors until 1179 when Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King of Portugal, some argue that that event marks the beginning of the first royal dynasty of Portugal.

The House of Burgundy ruled during a complex period in the History of Portugal when the monarchy was established and Moorish lands to the south were conquered; this period ended in 1249. In this period were set up necessary structures, such as international diplomacy, agriculture, population, commerce, education and culture, all that existed in the Portuguese territory a long time ago, particularly during the regency of Count Henrique of Burgundy. Count Henrique of Burgundy travelled to Rome and Jerusalem, France and other Hispanic kingdoms, and was the nephew of the most powerful diplomat of his time, Saint Bernard, leading Henrique to bring the cosmopolitan Order of the Temple to his fief when it was just created.

The end of the House of Burgundy arrived in October 1383 with the death of Ferdinand I. The heiress to the throne was Infanta Beatrice, sole daughter of Ferdinand and wife of John I of Castile. Leonor Tellez, king Ferdinand's widow, becomes regent in the name of her daughter Beatrice. At the request of John I of Castile, when he had knowledge of his father-in-law's decease, the Regent ordered the acclaim for Beatrice across the country. But the pretensions of John I of Castile to rule Portugal impeached Beatrice of ascending to the throne. The very real possibility of loss of independence to Castile due to her marriage triggered a civil war followed by another war against Castile, an Interregnum period known as the 1383-1385 Crisis.

! 25 July 1139 27 March 1211 25 March 1223

style="width:107px;"	!! style="width:50px;"	Started !! style="width:50px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:300px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:300px;"| Relationship with predecessor(s)
Afonso I of Portugal	Afonso I				|	6 December 1185	''Afonso Henriques''(Portuguese alternative),''Affonso I'' (Galician-Portuguese>Old Portuguese),''	''the Conqueror'' (''o Conquistador'')''The Founder'' (''o Fundador'')''the Great'' (''o Grande'')	son of Henry, Count of Portugal
Sancho I of Portugal	Sancho I				6 December 1185	|		''the Populator'' (''o Povoador'')	son of Afonso I
Afonso II of Portugal	Afonso II				27 March 1211	|	''Alphonso'' or ''Alphonse II'' (English),''Affonso II'' (Galician-Portuguese),	''the Fat'' (''o Gordo'')	son of Sancho I

|- style="background:lavender;" | Sancho II || || 25 March 1223 || 3 January 1248 || || ''the Pious'' (''o Capelo'')''the Piteous'' (''o Piedoso'') || son of Afonso II |- style="background:lavender;" | Afonso III || || 3 January 1248 || 16 February 1279 || ''Alphonso'' or ''Alphonse III'' (English),''Affonso III'' (Old Portuguese), || ''the Bolognian'' (''o Bolonhês'') || brother of Sancho IIyounger son of Afonso II |- style="background:lavender;" | Dinis || || 16 February 1279 || 7 January 1325 || ''Denis'' (English) or''Diniz'' (Old Portuguese) || ''the Farmer'' (''o Lavrador'')''the Poet-King'' (''o Rei-Poeta'')''the Troubadour-King'' (''o Rei-Trovador'') || son of Afonso III |- style="background:lavender;" | Afonso IV || || 7 January 1325 || 28 May 1357 || ''Alphonso'' or ''Alphonse IV'' (English),''Affonso IV'' (Old Portuguese), || 28 May 1357 || 18 January 1367 || ''Peter I'' (English) || ''the Just'' (''o Justiceiro'')or ''the Cruel'' (''o Cruel'')''the Vengeful'' (''o Vingativo'') or''the Until-the-End-of-the-World-In-Love''(''o Até-ao-Fim-do-Mundo-Apaixonado'') || son of Afonso IV |- style="background:lavender;" | Fernando I || || 18 January 1367 || 22 October 1383 || ''Ferdinand I'' (English) || ''the Handsome'' (''o Formoso'')''the Beautiful'' (''o Belo'')''the Fickle'' (''o Inconstante'')''the Reckless'' (''o Inconsciente'') || son of Pedro I |}

House of Aviz, or Joannine Dynasty, (1385–ca. 1580)[link]

:''Main articles: Portugal in the period of discoveries, Struggle for the throne of Portugal''.

The second dynasty of Portuguese Royalty is known as the House of Aviz, after John, Master of the military Order of Aviz, who later became John I of Portugal.

The institution of House of Aviz followed the dynastic crisis that originated from the death of Ferdinand I in 1383. With the Portuguese victory in the Battle of Aljubarrota in 1385, John I, half-brother of Ferdinand and natural son of Pedro I, confirmed the kingship which had been bestowed upon him at the ''Cortes'' of Coimbra in April 1385.

This period of Portuguese history is considered to include the ascent of Portugal to the status of a European and world power. The first act of expansion was the conquest of Ceuta in 1415 and was followed by the exploration, colonization and commerce exercised in Africa, Asia and Brazil. It also includes the height of the Portuguese Empire during the reign of Manuel I and the beginning of its decline during John III's reign.

John III was succeeded in 1557 by his grandson Sebastian, who died, aged 24 and childless, in the Battle of Alcácer Quibir. He was succeeded by his great-uncle Henry, aged 66, who, as a Catholic Cardinal, had no children either. Cardinal-King Henry died two years later and the struggle for the throne started between the different claimants, including Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, Philip II of Spain and Anthony, Prior of Crato.

Anthony, Prior do Crato, was acclaimed king in several cities around the country in 1580, 20 days before Philip II of Spain invaded Portugal and defeated the supporters of Anthony in the Battle of Alcântara. Although Anthony continued to be called king in some of the Azores Islands until 1583, the date of 1580 is generally accepted as the end of the House of Aviz as a Portuguese Royal House. Only a little minority of historians (even in Portugal) accept the period of 20 days between Anthony's acclamation and the Battle of Alcântara as his reign. In Portugal he isn't generally considered as a national king, but as a resistant and a patriot that fought the philippine domination.

House of Aviz [link]

6 April 1385 9 September 1438 11 November 1477 15 November 1477 28 August 1481 25 October 1495

style="width:100px;"	!! style="width:50px;"	Started !! style="width:50px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:300px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:300px;"| Relationship with predecessor !!>Notes
John I of Portugal	João I				|	14 August 1433	''John I'' (English)	''the Master of Avis'' (''o Mestre de Avis''), ''the One of Good Memory'' (''o de Boa Memória''),''the Good'' (''o Bom'')or ''the Great'' (''o Grande'')	Half-brother of Fernando IIllegitimate son of Pedro I
Edward of Portugal	Duarte				14 August 1433	|	''Edward'' (English)	''the Eloquent'' (''o Eloquente'') or''the Philosopher-King'' (''o Rei-Filósofo'')	son of João I
Afonso V of Portugal	Afonso V				9 September 1438	|	''Alphonzo V'' (English),''Alphonse V'' (English),''Affonso V'' (Old Portuguese)	''the African'' (''o Africano'')	son of Duarte	Abdicated in favor of his son, who has assumed the duties of a regent of the kingdom.
John II of Portugal	João II				11 November 1477	|	''John II'' (English)	''the Perfect Prince'' (''o Príncipe Perfeito'')or ''the Tyrant'' (''o Tirano'')	son of Afonso V	Acclaimed King by the Cortes of Santarém, only to abdicate and return the throne to his father.
Afonso V of Portugal	Afonso V				15 November 1477	|	''Alphonzo V'' (English),''Alphonse V'' (English),''Affonso V'' (Old Portuguese)	''the African'' (''o Africano'')	son of Duarte	Resumed reign until death.
John II of Portugal	João II				28 August 1481	|	''John II'' (English)	''the Perfect Prince'' (''o Príncipe Perfeito'')or ''the Tyrant'' (''o Tirano'')	son of Afonso V

House of Aviz-Beja [link]

! 25 October 1495 11 June 1557 4 August 1578 31 January 1580

style="width:100px;"	!! style="width:50px;"	Started !! style="width:50px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:300px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:300px;"| Relationship with predecessor(s)
Manuel I of Portugal	Manuel I				|	13 December 1521	''Emmanuel I'' (English),''Manoel I'' (Old Portuguese)	''the Fortunate'' (''o Venturoso'', ''o Bem-Aventurado'' or ''o Afortunado'')	first cousin and brother-in-law of João IIgrandson of Duarte
John III of Portugal	João III				13 December 1521	|	''John III'' (English)	''the Pious'' (''o Piedoso''or ''o Pio'')	son of Manuel I
Sebastian of Portugal	Sebastião				11 June 1557	|	''Sebastian'' (English)	''the Desired'' (''o Desejado'')	grandson of João III
Henry, King of Portugal	Henrique				27 August 1578	|	''Henry'' (English)	''the Chaste'' (''o Casto'') or''the Cardinal-King'' (''o Cardeal-Rei'')	granduncle of Sebastianyounger son of Manuel I

Portuguese House of Habsburg, or Philippine Dynasty (1580–1640)[link]

The Portuguese House of Habsburg is known in Portugal as the Philippine Dynasty after the three Spanish kings named Philip who ruled from 1580 to 1640. The dynasty began with the acclamation of Philip II of Spain as Philip I of Portugal in 1580, officially recognized in 1581 by the ''Cortes'' of Tomar. Philip I swore to rule Portugal as a kingdom separate from his Spanish domains, under the system known as a Personal Union; these promises were to be progressively forgotten by his successors.

Under Philip II, the Portuguese Empire began to fall apart because of the pressure from the enemies of Spain. Philip II and Philip III of Portugal did not rule by themselves, and had powerful Castilian ''validos'' (Castilian name for favourite prime-ministers).

Even if Portugal was ruled apart from the other realms of the Habsburgs in Madrid, by the Council of Portugal, exclusively by Portuguese nobles or by royal family ones, and kept its empire to itself, its own currency, its arms and flag, its taxes at the Castilian borderline, sometimes its own ambassadors, the Portuguese nobles remaining in Portugal feel they lost political and economic strength, differently from those Portuguese nobles staying at the court in Madrid, very rich and powerful. Especially after Castilian military support to Portuguese empire against Dutch occupation in northern Brazil showed to be a failure.

And when the Castilian valido Olivares, following Richelieu model in France, established a plan to unify the administration, military service, and taxes of all distinct monarchies of Philip III in Europe, not respectful of the Dual Monarchy between Lisbon and Madrid, the fact provoked a rising by the nobility in 1640, known after the 19th century by romantic historians as the Restoration of Independence (). In the 17th century and afterwards, it was simply known as the Acclamation War, as it simply restored in their stolen royal rights the House of Braganza, deposing a tyrant king, and acclaiming (or electing) another more suitable to the country, as it has been done already several times before in Portuguese history. The bloodless revolution began joyfully in Lisbon on 1 December 1640, and was soon supported throughout the country and its colonies, bringing Portugal to the Thirty Years War scene until peace was finally settled, after twenty eight years of War with Castile in Europe, and with Holland in Asia, America and Africa, in 1668.

! 25 March 1581 31 March 1621 15 December 1640

style="width:76px;"	!! style="width:50px;"	Started !! style="width:50px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:300px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:300px;"| Relationship with predecessor(s)
Philip II of Spain	Filipe I				|	13 September 1598	''Philip I'' (English)''Felipe II'' (in Spain)	''the Prudent'' (''o Prudente'')	grandson of Manuel I
Philip III of Spain	Filipe II				13 September 1598	|	''Philip II'' (English)''Felipe III'' (in Spain)	''the Cruel'' (''o Cruel'') (in Portugal)	son of Filipe I
Philip IV of Spain	Filipe III				31 March 1621	|	''Philip III''' (English)''Felipe IV'' (in Spain)	''the Oppressor'' (''o Opressor'') (in Portugal)	son of Filipe II

House of Braganza, or Brigantine Dynasty (1640–1910)[link]

:''Main articles: Portugal from the Restoration to the 1755 Earthquake, Portugal from the Napoleonic Invasions to the Civil War'' The House of Braganza (''Portuguese: Casa de Bragança'') traced its origins to 1442 when the Duchy of Braganza was created by the Regent, Infante Dom Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, and offered to his half-brother Afonso, Count of Barcelos, a natural son of John I. The royal lineage of dukes that followed married into the House of Aviz and became one of the most important noble families of the country. Infanta Catarina, granddaughter of Manuel I and Duchess of Braganza by marriage to John, 6th Duke of Braganza (himself the heir of the dynastic rights of Jaime, Duke of Braganza, acclaimed heir to the throne in 1495 by the Cortes), joined the two houses in 1565. In 1580, she was one of the claimants to the throne, but lost it by military force to Philip I of Habsburg.

In 1640, with the Restoration of Independence, John, grandson of Catarina and 8th Duke of Braganza, was acknowledged as the legitimate heir to the throne as the great great grandson of Manuel I. The Spanish finally recognized Portuguese independence in 1668. The fourth dynasty saw the growth of the importance of Brazilian gold, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the Napoleonic invasion, the independence of Brazil and a civil war followed by Liberalism.

The growth of a republican movement during the end of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th culminated in the 1908 assassination of the second last King of Portugal, Carlos I. Two years later in 1910 the republican revolution forced Manuel II into exile, thus putting an end to the Portuguese fourth dynasty. The House of Braganza continues unofficially until today, and the title of Duke of Braganza is still used by Duarte Pio, the 24th Duke of Bragança and the presumptive heir to the throne of Portugal.

House of Braganza[link]

! 15 December 1640 12 September 1683 9 December 1706 31 July 1750 24 February 1777 24 February 1777 24 February 1777 10 March 1826 5 May 1826 30 June 1828 26 May 1834 15 November 1853 15 November 1853

style="width:76px;"	!! style="width:150px;"	Started !! style="width:150px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:200px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:200px;"| Relationship with predecessor(s)
John IV of Portugal	João IV				|	6 November 1656	''John IV'' (English)	''the Restoring King'' (''o Restaurador'')''the Fortunate'' (''o Afortunado'')	Illegitimate descendant in the male-line from John I; great-great-grandson in female line of Manuel I
Afonso VI of Portugal	Afonso VI				6 November 1656	|	''Afonso VI'' (Portuguese),''Alphonse VI'' (English),''Affonso VI'' (Old Portuguese)	''the Victorious'' (''o Vitorioso'')	son of João IV
Peter II of Portugal	Pedro II				12 September 1683	|	''Peter II'' (English)	''the Pacific'' (''o Pacífico'')	brother of Afonso VIyounger son of João IV
John V of Portugal	João V				9 December 1706	|	''John V'' (English)	''the Magnanimous'' (''o Magnânimo'')''the Magnific'' (''o Magnífico'')''the Portuguese Sun-King''(''o Rei-Sol Português'')	son of Pedro II
Joseph of Portugal	José I				31 July 1750	|	''Joseph I'' (English)	''the Reformer'' (''o Reformador'')	son of John V
Mary I of Portugal	Maria I			|	20 March 1816	''Mary I'' (English)	''the Pious'' (''a Piedosa'' or ''a Pia'')''the Mad'' (''a Louca'') (in Brazil)	daughter of José I
	Pedro III	|	25 May 1786	''Peter III'' (English)		son of João Vhusband of Maria I
John VI of Portugal	João VI				20 March 1816	|	''John VI'' (English)	''the Clement'' (''o Clemente'')	son of Pedro III and Maria I
Pedro I of Brazil	Pedro IV				10 March 1826	|	''Peter IV'' (English)or ''Pedro I'' (in Brazil)	''the Soldier-King'' (''o Rei-Soldado'')''the Emperor-King'' (''o Rei-Imperador'')''the Liberator'' (''o Libertador'')	son of João VI
Maria II of Portugal	Maria II				2 May 1826	|	''Mary II'' (English)	''the Educator'' (''a Educadora'')''the Good-Mother'' (''a Boa-Mãe'')	daughter of Pedro IV
Miguel of Portugal	Miguel				30 June 1828	|	''Michael'' (English)	''the Traditionalist'' (''o Tradicionalista''),''the Usurper'' (''o Usurpador'')or ''the Absolutist'' (''o Absolutista'')''the Absolut-King'' (''o Rei Absoluto'')	brother of Pedro IVyounger son of João VI
Maria II of Portugal	Maria II				26 May 1834	|	''Mary II'' (English)	''the Educator'' (''a Educadora'')	daughter of Pedro IV
Ferdinand II of Portugal	Fernando II				16 September 1837	|	''Ferdinand II'' (English)		husband of Maria II

House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha[link]

With the marriage of Mary II, Queen of Portugal, to Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha during the 4th Dynasty, the House of Braganza continued in Portugal, as in this country is familiar with family names being passed by female lines. The surname Braganza continued to be present in all royals, and the Royal House was still known in Portugal as ''The House of Braganza''. However, some foreign historians consider the existence of a House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

! 15 November 1853 19 October 1889 1 February 1908 5 October 1910

style="width:76px;"	!! style="width:50px;"	Started !! style="width:50px;"| Ended !! style="width:150px;"| Alternative names !! style="width:300px;"| Epithet(s) !! style="width:300px;"| Relationship with predecessor(s)
Peter V of Portugal	Pedro V				|	11 November 1861	''Peter V'' (English)	''the Hopeful'' (''o Esperançoso'')''the Loved One'' (''o Bem-Amado'')''the Much Loved'' (''o Muito Amado'')	son of Fernando II and Maria II
Louis of Portugal	Luís I				11 November 1861	|	''Louis'' (English),''Luiz'' (Old Portuguese)	''the Popular'' (''o Popular'')''the Good'' (''o Bom'')	brother of Pedro Vson of Fernando II and Maria II
Carlos of Portugal	Carlos I				19 October 1889	|	''Charles'' (English)	''the Martyred'' (''o Martirizado'')or ''the Diplomat'' (''o Diplomata'')''the Martyr'' (''o Mártir'')''the Oceanographer'' (''o Oceanógrafo'')	son of Luís I
Manuel II of Portugal	Manuel II				1 February 1908	|	''Emmanuel II'' (English),''Manoel II'' (Old Portuguese)	''the Patriot'' (''o Patriota'')''the Unfortunate'' (''o Desventurado'')''the Scholar'' (''o Estudioso'') or''the Missed King'' (''o Rei-Saudade'')	son of Carlos I

The chronology of the heads of state of Portugal continues on List of Presidents of Portugal.

Style[link]

During the history of Portuguese monarchy, the Portuguese kings used the following styles:

!width=10% By the Grace of God, Prince of Portugal(''Dei Gratiæ, Princeps Portugalliæ'') By the Grace of God, King of the Portuguese people By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Silves Municipality, Portugal By the Grace of God, King of Portugal(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ'') By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Count of Boulogne(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Comes Boloniæ'') By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and Kingdom of the Algarve By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Algarbii'') By the Grace of God, King of Kingdom of Castile By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve (none) By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve, and Lord of Ceuta By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarve, and Lord of Ceuta and Alcacer Ceguer By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa By the Grace of God, King of Castile, León, Portugal, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Cordoba, Jaén, Murcia, the Algarves of either side of the sea in Africa, Gibraltar, Algeciras, and Lord of Biscay and Molina By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, and Lord of Guinea (region) By the Grace of God, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God, King of Castile, León, Kingdom of Aragon By the Grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God, King/Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God and Unanimous Acclamation of the People, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil, King of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc. By the Grace of God, and by the Constitution of the Monarchy, King/Queen of Portugal and the Algarves, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of Guinea and of Conquest, Navigation and Commerce of Ethiopia, Arabia, Persia and India, etc.

Time!!Style!	style="width:20%;"|Used by!!Reason
1128–1129	By the Grace of God, Duke of Portugal(''Dei Gratiæ, Dux Portugalliæ'')	Afonso I of Portugal>Afonso I
1129–1139	|	Afonso I of Portugal>Afonso I
1140–1189	Portuguese(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugalensium'')||Afonso I, Sancho I||
1189–1191	Silves(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugalliæ et Silbis'')||	Sancho I of Portugal>Sancho I	Silves Municipality, Portugal>Silves (1189)
1191–1248	|Sancho I, Afonso II, Sancho II||Loss of Silves to the Almohads (1191)
1248–1249	|	Afonso III of Portugal>Afonso III	Matilda II of Boulogne>Matilda II, Countess of Boulogne-sur-Mer, succeeds his brother Sancho on the Portuguese throne (January 1248)
1249–1253	the Algarve, Count of Boulogne(''Dei Gratiæ, Rex Portugaliæ & Algarbii & Comes Boloniæ'')||	Afonso III of Portugal>Afonso III	Kingdom of the Algarve>the Algarve (Al'Garb Al'Andalus) (1249)
1253–1369	|Afonso III, Denis, Afonso IV, Peter I, Ferdinand I||Afonso III repudiates Matilda and relinquishes his title of Count (1253)
1369–1371	Castile, León, Portugal, Toledo, Galicia, Seville, Córdoba, Murcia, Jaén, the Algarve, Algeciras and Lord of Molina||	Ferdinand I of Portugal>Ferdinand I	Ferndinand I of Portugal is a pretender to the Castilian Crown, being a legitimate great-grandson of Sancho IV of Castile (1369)
1371–1383	|	Ferdinand I of Portugal>Ferdinand I	Renunciation of Castilian titles after the Peace of Alcoutim (1371)
1383–1385	|	(none)	John I of Portugal>the Master of Avis and John I of Castile
1385–1415	|	John I of Portugal>John I	Election of the Portuguese king (6 April 1385)
1415–1458	|John I, Edward I, Afonso V||Conquest of Ceuta (1415)
1458–1471	Alcácer in Africa||	Afonso V of Portugal>Afonso V	Alcacer Ceguer>El Ksar as-Saghir (Alcácer-Ceguer) (1458)
1471–1475	|	Afonso V of Portugal>Afonso V	Conquest of Asilah and Tangiers (1471) and elevation of the Portuguese lordship in northern Africa to the condition of Kingdom of the Algarve Beyond the Sea
1475–1479	|	Afonso V of Portugal>Afonso V	Joan, Princess of Castile>Juana, ''la Beltraneja'' (1475)
1479–1485	|Afonso V, John II||Renunciation of the Castilian titles after the Treaty of Alcáçovas (1479)
1485–1499	Guinea||John II, Manuel I||Erection of Lordship of Guinea, with the Portuguese colonies on the Gulf of Guinea (1485)
1499–1580	|Manuel I, John III, Sebastian, Henry, António, Prior of Crato||After the return of Vasco da Gama from India, in 1499, the royal style is changed once more to become the most magnificent
1580–1640	Aragon, Two Sicilies, Jerusalem, Portugal, Navarre, Granada, Toledo, Valencia, Galicia, Majorca, Seville, Sardinia, Cordoba, Corsica, Murcia, Jaén, the Algarves, Algeciras, Gibraltar, the Canary Islands, the Eastern & Western Indies, the Islands & Mainland of the Ocean sea, Count of Barcelona, Lord of Biscay and Molina, Duke of Athens and Neopatria, Count of Roussillon, Cerdagne, Margrave of Oristano and Goceano, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant and Milan, Count of Habsburg, Flanders, Tyrol, etc.||Philip I, Philip II, Philip III||During the Philippine dynasty, the style of the Spanish Crown is merged with that of Portugal
1640–1815	|John IV, Afonso VI, Peter II, João V, Joseph I, Maria I (with Peter III)||After the Restoration (1640), return to the old style adopted by Manuel I
1815–1825	|Maria I, John VI||Elevation of Brazil as a kingdom inside the Portuguese Empire, thus making a United Kingdom (1815)
1825–1826	|John VI, Pedro IV||After the recognition of the independence of Brazil by John VI (1825), return to the old style
1826	|	Pedro I of Brazil>Pedro IV	After the death of his father, Pedro, Emperor of Brazil, inherits the Portuguese throne, thus making a change once more in the royal title, until his abdication (1826)
1826–1838	|Maria II, Miguel I, Maria II||After the abdication of Peter in favour of his daughter, return to the old style
1838–1910	|Maria II (with Ferdinand II), Pedro V, Luís I, Carlos I, Manuel II||Title used after the Portuguese Constitution of 1838

The style of address to the sovereign is as follows:

Mercy - (HM-YM) - Afonso I, Sancho I of PortugalRoyal Highness - (HRH-YRH) - Duarte I of PortugalPhilip II of SpainFaithful MajestyImperial and Royal Majesty (style)Faithful Majesty

!width=5%
1139–c. 1433	Sancho I, Afonso II, Sancho II, Afonso III, Dinis I, Afonso IV, Pedro I, Fernando I, João I, João I
c. 1433–1577	Duarte I, Afonso V, João II, Manuel I, João III, Sebastian I
1577–1578	Majesty - (HM-YM) - Sebastian I of Portugal>Sebastian I
1578–1580	Royal Highness - (HRH-YRH) - Henry I of Portugal
1580–1748	Filipe I, [[Philip III of Spain">Filipe II, Filipe III, João IV, João VI, Pedro II, João V
1748–1825	Most Faithful Majesty - (HFM-YFM) - João V, José I, Maria I & Pedro III, João VI,
1825–1826	Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty - (HI&FM-YI;&FM;) - João VI, Pedro IV
1826–1910	Most Faithful Majesty - (HFM-YFM) - Maria II & Fernando II, Miguel I, Pedro V, Luis I, Carlos I, Manuel II

See also[link]

List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown

List of Portuguese monarchs by longevity

List of Portuguese monarchs by age at accession to the throne

Kings of Portugal family tree

List of Portuguese royal consorts

History of Portugal

Timeline of Portuguese history

Lists of incumbents

Burial sites of Portuguese monarchs

:Category:Pretenders to the Portuguese throne

List of Portuguese Cortes

Portuguese nobility

Notes[link]

References[link]

Jiří Louda & Michael Maclagan (1981), "Portugal", in ''Lines of Succession. Heraldry of the Royal families of Europe'', London, Orbis Publishing, pp. 228–237. ISBN 0-85613-672-7. (revised and updated edition by Prentice Hall College Div - November 1991. ISBN 0028972554.)

Luís Amaral & Marcos Soromenho Santos (2002), ''Costados do Duque de Bragança'', Lisboa, Guarda-Mor Edições.

Afonso Eduardo Martins Zuquete (dir.)(1989), ''Nobreza de Portugal e Brasil'', vol. I, Lisboa, Editorial Enciclopédia.

Jacob Wilhelm Imhof, ''Stemma Regum lusitanicum sive Historia genealogica Familiae Regiae Portugallicae'', Amsterdam, 1708 (reprint ).

External links[link]

Kings of Portugal genealogy in a Portuguese genealogical site

Portugal Category:Lists of Portuguese people Category:Portuguese history timelines

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{{infobox royalty|consort	yes
succession	Queen consort of Portugal and the Algarves
reign	19 October 1889  – 1 February 1908
spouse	Carlos I of Portugal
issue	Luís Filipe, Prince Royal of PortugalManuel II of Portugal
house	House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and GothaHouse of Orléans
father	Prince Philippe, Count of Paris
mother	Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans
full name	Marie Amélie Louise Hélène d'Orléans
birth date	September 28, 1865
birth place	Twickenham, United Kingdom
death date	October 25, 1951
death place	Le Chesnay, France
burial place	Royal Pantheon of the Braganza Dynasty
religion	Roman Catholicism

Amélie of Orléans (28 September 1865 – 25 October 1951) was the last Queen consort of Portugal, known to her husband's subjects as "Maria Amélia". As the eldest daughter of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris, and his wife Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans, she was a "Princess of Orléans" by birth.

Family[link]

Amélie's paternal grandparents were Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans, and Duchess Helena of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her maternal grandparents were Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier, and the Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain.

The Dukes of Orléans and Montpensier were siblings, both sons of Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, and Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies.

Marriage[link]

On 22 May 1886, Amélie married Carlos, Prince Royal of Portugal. He was the eldest son of King Luís I of Portugal and Maria Pia of Savoy. He was at the time the heir apparent to the throne. The bride was almost twenty-one years old and the groom about twenty-three. The marriage had been arranged by their families after several attempts to arrange a marriage for her with a member of the Austrian or Spanish dynasties. At first, the marriage was not popular and Queen Maria Pia was expecting to marry Carlos to the Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria, Princess Mathilde of Saxony, Princess Viktoria of Prussia or Princess Victoria of Wales. However, Amélie and Carlos came to live quite harmoniously with each other.

They had three children:

Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza (21 March 1887 – 1 February 1908).

Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal (born and deceased on 14 December 1887).

Manuel II of Portugal (19 March 1889 – 2 July 1932).

Queen consort[link]

Amélie played an active role as a queen, and somewhat softened the growing criticism towards the monarchy with her personal popularity, though she did receive some criticism for her expenses. She was active in many social projects, such as the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and the foundation of charity organisations, sanatoriums and drugstores. She was considered less formal than her mother-in-law Maria Pia, learned Portuguese well and was described as calm and mild. She was interested in literature, opera and theatre, was a diarist and also painted. During the absence of her spouse in 1895, she acted as regent. In 1902, she made a cruise on the Mediterranean Sea that was much criticised for its luxury.

In 1892, Pope Leo XIII gave a Golden Rose to Amélie.

On 19 October 1889, her father-in-law died and Carlos succeeded him on the throne. Amélie became the new Queen consort of Portugal. However her husband became known for his extramarital affairs while the popularity of the Portuguese monarchy started to wane in the face of a bankrupt economy, industrial disturbances, socialist and republican antagonism and press criticism.

Lisbon regicide[link]

On 1 February 1908, the royal family returned from the palace of Vila Viçosa to Lisbon. They travelled in the royal train to Barreiro and from there took a boat to cross the Tagus River. They disembarked at Cais das Colunas in the principal square of downtown Lisbon, the Terreiro do Paço. On their way to the Palace of Necessidades, the carriage carrying Carlos and his family passed through the Rua do Arsenal (Arsenal Street). While crossing the square and turning to the street, several shots were fired from the crowd by at least two men: Alfredo Costa, Manuel Buiça, between many others. The King died immediately, his heir Prince Dom Luís was mortally wounded, and Infante Dom Manuel was hit in the arm, yet Queen Amélie was surprisingly unharmed after trying to defend her youngest son, the new king Manuel II, with the flower bouquet she kept in her hand.

The two assassins were shot on the spot by members of the royal bodyguard and later were recognized as members of the Portuguese Republican Party and of their masonic left-wing organisation Carbonária. About twenty minutes later, Prince Luis Filipe died and the next day, Manuel was acclaimed king of Portugal, the last of the Braganza dynasty.

Manuel II of Portugal was deposed by a military coup, later known as the 5 October 1910 revolution, which resulted in the establishment of the Portuguese First Republic. Queen Amélie left Portugal with the rest of the royal family and went into exile. She lived most of her remaining life in France. During World War II the Portuguese government invited her to return to Portugal, but she declined the offer. She visited Portugal the last time in 1945.

She was the last Queen consort of Portugal, as the monarchy has never been restored.

Titles and Styles[link]

28 September 1865 - 22 May 1886: Her Royal Highness'' Princess Amélie of Orléans

22 May 1886 - 19 October 1889: ''Her Royal Highness'' The Princess Royal of Portugal, Duchess of Braganza

19 October 1889 - 1 February 1908: ''Her Most Faithful Majesty'' The Queen of Portugal and the Algarves

1 February 1908 - 25 October 1951: ''Her Most Faithful Majesty'' The Dowager Queen of Portugal and the Algarves

Ancestry[link]

External links[link]

A listing of the House of Orléans

Queen Amelia of Portugal

|-

Category:1865 births Category:1951 deaths Category:House of Orléans Category:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Category:Portuguese queens consort Category:Princesses of France (Orléans) Category:Recipients of the Golden Rose Category:Burials at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora Category:Princesses Royal of Portugal Category:Duchesses of Braganza

ca:Amèlia d'Orleans de:Marie Amelie d’Orléans es:Amelia de Orleans fr:Amélie d'Orléans it:Amelia d'Orléans nl:Marie Amélie van Orléans ja:アメリー・ドルレアン no:Amélie av Orléans pl:Amelia Orleańska pt:Amélia de Orleães ro:Amélie de Orléans ru:Амелия Орлеанская sv:Amélie av Bourbon-Orléans

name	Bernardo Sassetti
landscape
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth date	June 24, 1970
birth place	Lisbon, Portugal
origin	Lisbon
death date
genre	Jazz
occupation	Musician, film composer, music educator
instrument	Piano
years active	1980s–present
label	Clean Feed
website
notable instruments	}}

Bernardo Sassetti (born 24 June 1970) is a Portuguese jazz pianist and film composer.

Sassetti was born in Lisbon. He initially played guitar, then began studying piano and music theory at age nine. He became interested in jazz after hearing Bill Evans. By the late 1980s, he was backing visiting musicians and teaching jazz piano in Lisbon (and, later, taught throughout other lusophonic areas). During the 1990s, he worked in London, where he recorded three albums with Guy Barker's group. His 2006 album ''Unreal: Sidewalk Cartoon'' received a four-star rating (of a possible four) in ''The Penguin Guide to Jazz'' (9th ed.), and was selected as one of the 1001 best jazz albums in the 2010 ''Penguin'' guide (10th ed.).

In addition to his jazz work, Sassetti has composed numerous film scores. He has also acted in films, for example appearing as a member of the Napoli Jazz Sextet in ''The Talented Mr. Ripley''.

Discography[link]

''Ao vivo no Guimarães jazz''; ''Dundumbanza''; ''Tibiri tabara''; ''Impressões'' and ''Olhar''; ''Passagem''; ''What love is''; ''Ecos de África''; ''Sons do Brasil''; ''Mundos''; ''Fragments (Of Cinematic Illusion)''; ''Entropé''; ''4 Movimentos Soltos''

''Nocturno'', Bernardo Sassetti Trio, 2002, Clean Feed

''Indigo'', Piano solo, 2002, Clean Feed

''Ascent'', Trio2, with bass, drums, vibes and cello, 2005

''Unreal: Sidewalk Cartoon'', 2006, Clean Feed

''Motion'', Bernardo Sassetti Trio, 2010

Filmography[link]

''Second Life'' (2009) Composer (filming)

''Os Grandes Portugueses'' (2007) (TV) .... Himself

''Antes de Amanhã'' (2007) Composer

''98 Octanas'' (2006) Composer

''Alice'' (2005) Composer

''A Costa dos Murmúrios'' (2004) Composer

''O Milagre segundo Salomé'' (2004) Composer

''Maria E as Outras'' (2004) Composer

''Quaresma'' (2003) Composer

''Aniversário'' (2000) (TV) Composer

''Facas e Anjos'' (2000) (TV) Composer

''O Segredo'' (2000) Composer

''As Terças da Bailarina Gorda'' (2000) Composer

''Maria do Mar'' (1930) (2000) Composer

''The Talented Mr. Ripley'' (1999) – Pianist (Napoli Jazz Sextet)

''Mundo VIP'' (2 episodes, ''Show nº 12'' and ''Show nº 197'', 1996-2000) – Himself

References[link]

Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:Portuguese jazz pianists Category:People from Lisbon Category:Portuguese film score composers

de:Bernardo Sassetti pt:Bernardo Sassetti