Coordinates | 41°52′55″N87°37′40″N |
---|---|
Name | Narbonne |
Native name | Narbona |
Image coat of arms | Blason ville fr Narbonne.svg |
Region | Languedoc-Roussillon |
Department | Aude |
Arrondissement | Narbonne |
Insee | 11262 |
Postal code | 11100 |
Mayor | Jacques Bascou (PS) |
Term | 2008–2014 |
Intercommunality | Narbonne |
Longitude | 3.0042 |
Latitude | 43.1836 |
Elevation min m | 0 |
Elevation max m | 285 |
Area km2 | 172.96 |
Population | 52252 |
Population date | 2008 }} |
Narbonne (Occitan: Narbona, ) is a commune in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. It lies from Paris in the Aude department, of which it is a sub-prefecture. Once a prosperous port, it is now located about from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. It is marginally the largest commune in Aude, although the capital is the slightly smaller commune of Carcassonne.
Politically, Narbonne gained importance as a competitor to Massalia (Marseille). Julius Caesar settled veterans from his 10th legion there and attempted to develop its port while Marseille was revolting against Roman control. Among the amenities of Narbonne, its rosemary-flower honey was famous among Romans.
Later, the provincia of southern Gaul was named "Gallia Narbonensis", after the city, and Narbonne was made its capital. Seat of a powerful administration, the city enjoyed economic and architectural expansion.
It was subsequently the capital of the Visigothic province of Septimania. For 40 years, from 719, Narbonne was part of the Emirate of Cordoba until conquered by the Franks in 759, after which it became part of the Carolingian Viscounty of Narbonne. In the 12th century, the court of Ermengarde of Narbonne (reigned 1134 to 1192) presided over one of the cultural centers where the spirit of courtly love was developed.
In the 11th and 12th centuries, Narbonne was home to an important Jewish exegetical school, which played a pivotal role in the growth and development of the Zarphatic (Judæo-French) and Shuadit (Judæo-Provençal) languages. Jews had settled in Narbonne from about the 5th century, with a community that had risen to approximately 2000 in the 12th century. At this time, Narbonne was frequently mentioned in Talmudic works in connection with its scholars. One source, Abraham ibn Daud of Toledo, gives them an importance similar to the exilarchs of Babylon. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the community went through a series of ups and downs before settling into extended decline.
The changes to the long seashore which resulted from the silting up of the series of graus or openings which were interspersed between the islands which made up the shoreline (St. Martin; St. Lucie) had a more serious impact than the change in course of the river. Other causes of decline were the plague and the raid of the Edward, the Black Prince, which caused much devastation. The growth of other ports was also a factor.
Yet the choir, side chapels, sacristry, and courtyard remain intact, and the cathedral, although no longer the seat of a bishop or archbishop, remains the primary place of worship for the Roman Catholic population of the city, and is a major tourist attraction.
Hence, despite its decline from Roman times, Narbonne managed to hold on to its vital but limited importance as a trading route, particularly in more recent centuries.
Category:Aude Category:Communes of Aude Category:Narbonne Category:Subprefectures in France Category:118 BC establishments Category:Populated places established in the 2nd century BC
an:Narbona br:Narbona bg:Нарбон ca:Narbona ceb:Narbonne cs:Narbonne cy:Narbonne da:Narbonne de:Narbonne es:Narbona eo:Narbonne eu:Narbonne fa:نربون fr:Narbonne gl:Narbona - Narbonne id:Narbonne it:Narbona he:נרבון sw:Narbonne la:Narbo lb:Narbonne lt:Narbonas hu:Narbonne mg:Narbonne ms:Narbonne nl:Narbonne ja:ナルボンヌ no:Narbonne nn:Narbonne oc:Narbona pl:Narbona pt:Narbona ro:Narbonne ru:Нарбонна sk:Narbonne sl:Narbonne sh:Narbonne fi:Narbonne sv:Narbonne tr:Narbonne uk:Нарбонн vi:Narbonne vo:Narbonne war:Narbonne zh:纳博讷This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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