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- 2007 Pro Bowl
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Afula
Afula (Hebrew: עֲפוּלָה; Arabic: العفولة, al-ʻAfūlaḧ) is a city in the North District of Israel, often known as the "Capital of the Valley", referring to the Jezreel Valley. The city had a population of 40,500 at the end of 2009.
Located in the Jezreel Valley, Afula is roughly halfway between Jenin and Nazareth. It is mentioned in the Books of Kings (2 Kings 5, 24) in connection with Elisha and the disciple of Elijah, who lived in the vicinity.
The 12th-century sultan Saladin founded an Arab village named al-Fulah on the site. In 1226, Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi mentioned it as being "a town in Jund Filastin," and formerly a Crusader castle between Zir'in and Nazareth. In 1799, during Napoleon's Syrian campaign, the Battle of Mount Tabor was fought around al-Fulah.
In 1909 or 1910, Yehoshua Hankin completed his first major purchase in the Jezreel Valley. He bought some 10,000 dunams (10 km²) of land in Al-Fuleh (now Afula), which became the home of Merhavia and Tel Adashim. This purchase also marked the start of bitter disputes between Arabs and Jews over the rights of tenant farmers who had been evicted, and regarding the employment of Jewish or Arab watchmen for the land.
wn.com/Afula -
Alturas, California
Alturas (formerly, Dorris Bridge, Dorris' Bridge, and Dorrisville) is a city in and the county seat of Modoc County, California, United States. Alturas is located on the Pit River, east of the center of Modoc County, at an elevation of 4370 feet (1332 m). As the county seat, the town is a home to regional government offices, including a California Highway Patrol office and a state Department of Motor Vehicles office.
The population was 2,827 at the 2010 census, and the ZIP code for the community is 96101.
Alturas straddles the North Fork of the Pit River, near its confluence with the South Fork in the north end of South Fork Valley, in the extreme northeastern corner of California at 41°29′14″N 120°32′33″W / 41.48722°N 120.5425°W / 41.48722; -120.5425. The tall Warner Mountains lie to the east, the wetlands and wild rice fields of South Fork Valley to the south, and the extensive Modoc Plateau to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) and 0.57% of it is covered by water.
wn.com/Alturas,_California -
Anaheim, California
Anaheim (pronounced /ˈænəhaɪm/) is a city in Orange County, California. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city population was 336,265, making it the most populated city in Orange County, the 10th most-populated city in California, and ranked 54th in the United States. The city anticipates that the population will surpass 400,000 by 2014 because of rapid development in its Platinum Triangle area as well as in Anaheim Hills. The Platinum Triangle is the fastest growing area in Orange County. Anaheim is the second largest city in Orange County in terms of land area (after Irvine), and is known for its theme parks, sports teams and convention center.
Founded by fifty German families in 1857 and incorporated as the second city in Los Angeles County on February 10, 1870, Anaheim developed into an industrial center, producing electronics, aircraft parts and canned fruit. It is the site of the Disneyland Resort, a world-famous grouping of theme parks and hotels which opened in 1955, Angel Stadium of Anaheim, Honda Center and Anaheim Convention Center, the largest convention center on the West Coast. Its name is a blend of "Ana", after the nearby Santa Ana River, and "heim", a common German place name compound originally meaning "home".
wn.com/Anaheim,_California -
Andrews, California
Andrews is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the railroad between Fresno and Figarden (formerly, Bullard). It was located 4 miles (6.4 km) southeast of Figarden; its site is within the modern city limits of Fresno.
Coordinates: 36°46′50″N 119°48′12″W / 36.78042°N 119.8032°W / 36.78042; -119.8032
wn.com/Andrews,_California -
Antelope Valley
Antelope Valley is located in northern Los Angeles County, California and the southeast portion of Kern County, California, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi and the San Gabriel Mountains.
The valley was named for the pronghorns that are said to have roamed there until being eliminated by hunters and bad weather in the 1880s. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.
Shaped like a sideways letter "V", the Antelope Valley comprises the western tip of the Mojave Desert, opening up to the Victor Valley and the Great Basin to the east. Lying north of the San Gabriel Mountains and southeast of the Tehachapis, this desert ecosystem spans approximately 2,200 square miles (5,698 km2). Precipitation in the surrounding mountain ranges contributes to groundwater recharge.
wn.com/Antelope_Valley -
Antioch, California
Antioch (formerly, East Antioch, Smith's Landing, and Marshs Landing) is a city in Contra Costa County, California. Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta, it is a suburb of San Francisco and Oakland. The city's population was 102,372 at the U.S. 2010 census.
Antioch is one of the oldest towns in California, having been founded in 1850. The year following the discovery of gold, there was a plague that over-took the city and wiped out most of the population.
The town was founded by two brothers, William and Joseph Smith, who named the town Smith’s Landing. In 1851, the town's new minister persuaded the residents to change the name of the town to Antioch, for the Biblical city of Antioch, Turkey.
Around 1859, coal was discovered in several places in the hills south of Antioch and coal mining formed the first substantial business apart from farming and dairying by the inhabitants of this community. This new industry resulted in the founding of the towns of Nortonville, Somersville, Stewartsville, and Black Diamond (now Pittsburg, California), and added greatly to the economic activity of the Antioch area. The Empire Coal Company was formed by John C. Rouse and George Hawxhurst in 1876, which built a railroad that passed from Antioch toward the mines over what is now "F Street" (formerly Kimball Street). However, later on, both the mine and the railroad passed into the hands of the Belshaw brothers. The mines have long ago ceased operation, and the railroad tracks have been dug up, though the building that served as the Antioch terminus of the railroad still stands on the corner of F Street and Fourth Street, and the grading and trestles still remain much as they were in those early days.
wn.com/Antioch,_California -
Arbios, California
Coordinates: 36°46′36″N 120°23′53″W / 36.77667°N 120.39806°W / 36.77667; -120.39806
Arbios is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 6.5 miles (10 km) south-southeast of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 171 feet (52 m).
wn.com/Arbios,_California -
Arcata, California
Arcata, originally Union Town or Union, is a city adjacent to the Arcata Bay (northern) portion of Humboldt Bay in Humboldt County, California, United States. At the 2010 census, Arcata's population was 17,231. This college town, located 280 miles (450 km) north of San Francisco (via Highway 101), is home to Humboldt State University. Arcata is also the location of the Arcata Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Land Management, which is responsible for the administration of natural resources, lands, and mineral programs, including the Headwaters Forest, on approximately 200,000 acres of public land in Northwestern California.
Arcata has been notably progressive in its political makeup, and was the first city in the United States to elect a majority of its city council members from the Green Party. As a result of the progressive majority, Arcata capped the number of chain restaurants allowed in the city. Arcata was also the first municipality to ban the growth of any type of Genetically Modified Organism within city limits, with exceptions for research and educational purposes.
wn.com/Arcata,_California -
Area code 559
Area code 559 is an area code in Central California, serving the counties of Fresno, Madera, Kings, and Tulare. It was created on November 14, 1998, when the southern half of the area code 209 (in service since October, 26, 1957 at 12PM) reached full capacity.
The 559 area code serves the Central California counties of Fresno, Madera, Kings, and Tulare. The major cities within the 559 area code region are Fresno, Coalinga, Clovis, Madera, Sanger, Reedley, Dinuba, Selma, Tulare, Visalia, Hanford, Lemoore, and Porterville.
Like many other regions that had experienced area code changes during the area code boom of the 1990s, both 559 and 209 were in the early planning stages of relief, potentially creating the need for introduction of further new area codes. Yet by 2002, number blocking was being enforced in the 209 and 559 area codes. Instead of handing out numbers in blocks of 10,000 to private companies (as had been normal practice since the beginning of the NANP in 1947), only 1,000 numbers would be handed out at a time. For example, instead of granting Pacific Bell all numbers (559) 330-xxxx, only numbers (559) 330-0xxx, or (559) 330-1xxx or (559) 330-2xxx, and so on, would be granted.
wn.com/Area_code_559 -
Arlington, Texas
Arlington is a city in Tarrant County, Texas (USA) within the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area. According to the 2010 census results, the city had a population of 365,438, making it the third largest municipality in the Metroplex. Arlington is the seventh-largest city in Texas and the 50th largest city in the United States.
Located approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of downtown Fort Worth and 20 miles (32 km) west of downtown Dallas, Arlington is home to the University of Texas at Arlington, a doctoral-granting institution, and a General Motors assembly plant. Additionally Arlington hosts the Texas Rangers' Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, Cowboys Stadium, the International Bowling Campus (which houses the United States Bowling Congress, International Bowling Museum and the International Bowling Hall of Fame), the headquarters for American Mensa, and the theme parks Six Flags Over Texas (the original Six Flags) and Hurricane Harbor. The city borders Kennedale, Grand Prairie, Mansfield and Fort Worth, and surrounds the smaller communities of Dalworthington Gardens and Pantego. Arlington is the headquarters of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region IV.
wn.com/Arlington,_Texas -
Armenia
Armenia
i/ɑrˈmiːniə/ (Armenian: Հայաստան Hayastan [hɑjɑsˈtɑn]), officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, [hɑjɑstɑˈni hɑnɾɑpɛtuˈtʰjun]), is a landlocked, mountainous country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
A former republic of the Soviet Union, Armenia is a unitary, multiparty, democratic nation-state with an ancient and historic cultural heritage. The Kingdom of Armenia became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its religion, in the early years of the 4th century (the traditional date is 301 AD). The modern Republic of Armenia recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment. Armenians have their own unique alphabet invented by Mesrob Mashtots in 406 AD.
wn.com/Armenia -
Arvin, California
Arvin is a city in Kern County, California, in the United States. Arvin is located 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 449 feet (137 m). As of the 2010 census, the population was 19,304, up from 12,956 at the 2000 census.
In 2007, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) listed Arvin as having the highest levels of smog of any community in the United States. The city's level of ozone, smog's primary component, exceeded the EPA's acceptable limits an average of 73 days per year between 2004 and 2006.
Wired telephone numbers in Arvin follow the format (661) 854-xxxx and the ZIP Code is 93203.
Property sales of lots in present-day Arvin began in 1907. The Arvin Post Office was established in 1914 and the community incorporated as a city in 1960. The city was named after Arvin Richardson, who was the son of one of the original settling families from San Bernardino. Birdie Heard petitioned for the addition of the post office in 1914 and submitted proposed names including Bear Mountain, Walnut, and Arvin. Officials in Washington D.C. chose Arvin as it was the only proposed name which was not already in use in California. Birdie was the city's first postmaster. She set up the post office in her living room originally, but it was later moved to the general store owned by the Staples family. The in-store post office was also the area's first informal library until an official branch of the Kern County Library system was established in 1927.
wn.com/Arvin,_California -
Atascadero
Atascadero is a city in San Luis Obispo County, California, about equidistant from San Francisco and Los Angeles on U-S Highway 101. Atascadero is farther inland than most other San Luis Obispo County cities, and as a result, usually experiences warmer, drier summers and cooler winters than other nearby cities such as San Luis Obispo and Pismo Beach. Nearby CA Highways 41 and 46 provide easy access to the Pacific Coast and the Central Valley of California. The population was 28,310 at the 2010 census. The brainchild of mega-entrepreneur E.G. Lewis, Atascadero is the result of nearly a century of organic community evolution. It is an amalgamation of rolling hills studded with oaks; historic buildings; quaint lake park and zoo; enclaves of artists, musicians and writers; all surrounded by visitor vistas and wineries.
Atascadero is a Spanish word loosely translated as bog, from the verb "atascar" which means to become stuck or hindered.
The area was originally home to the Salinan Indians. In the half century between 1769 and 1823 the Spanish Franciscans established 21 missions along the California coast, including the nearby Mission San Miguel Arcángel, and Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and California became a Mexican province. In 1833, the Mexican government secularized the mission lands. Mexican Governor Juan Alvarado granted Rancho Atascadero to Trifon Garcia in 1842, and Pio Pico granted Pedro Estrada Rancho Asuncion in 1845. Patrick Washington Murphy held ownership of 61,000 acres (25,000 ha) at one time.
wn.com/Atascadero -
Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Atwater, California
Atwater is a city on U.S. Route 99 in Merced County, California, United States. Atwater is 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest of Merced, at an elevation of 151 feet (46 m). The population as of the 2010 census was 28,168.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.1 square miles (16 km2). 99.86% of it is land and 0.14% water.
The city includes Castle Air Museum, but does not include Castle Air Force Base proper.
The railroad reached Atwater in the 1870s, and a town grew up. The first post office opened in 1880. Atwater incorporated in 1922. The name honors Marshall D. Atwater, a wheat farmer whose land was used by the railroad for its station.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Atwater had a population of 28,168. The population density was 4,620.8 people per square mile (1,784.1/km²). The racial makeup of Atwater was 18,410 (65.4%) White, 1,225 (4.3%) African American, 364 (1.3%) Native American, 1,416 (5.0%) Asian, 76 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 5,300 (18.8%) from other races, and 1,377 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,808 persons (52.6%).
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Auberry, California
Auberry is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,369 at the 2010 census, up from 2,053 at the 2000 census. Auberry is located on Little Sandy Creek 9.5 miles (15 km) east of Shaver Lake Heights, at an elevation of 2018 feet (615 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 19.2 square miles (50 km2), of which, 19.1 square miles (49 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.32%) is water.
The Auberry post office was established in 1884, and following moves in 1887 and 1888, it was located at its present site in 1906. The place is named for Al Yarborough and is spelled phonetically as his name was pronounced.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Auberry had a population of 2,369. The population density was 123.4 people per square mile (47.6/km²). The racial makeup of Auberry was 2,048 (86.4%) White, 10 (0.4%) African American, 105 (4.4%) Native American, 24 (1.0%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 68 (2.9%) from other races, and 112 (4.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 309 persons (13.0%).
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Auburn, California
Auburn is the county seat of Placer County, California. Its population at the 2010 census was 13,330. Auburn is known for its California Gold Rush history.
Auburn is part of the Greater Sacramento area.
Archaeological finds place the southwestern border for the prehistoric Martis people in the Auburn area. The indigenous Nisenan, an offshoot of the Maidu, were the first to establish a permanent settlement in the Auburn area.
In the spring of 1849, a group of French gold miners arrived and camped in what would later be known as the Auburn Ravine. This group was on its way to the gold fields in Coloma, California, and it included Francois Gendron, Philibert Courteau, and Claude Chana. The young Chana discovered gold on May 16, 1848. After finding the gold deposits in the soil, the trio decided to stay for more prospecting and mining.
Placer mining in the Auburn area was very good, with the camp first becoming known as the North Fork Dry Diggings. This name was changed to the Woods Dry Diggings, after John S. Wood settled down, built a cabin, and started to mine in the ravine. The area soon developed into a mining camp, and it was officially named Auburn in August 1849. By 1850, the town's population had grown to about 1500 people, and in 1851, Auburn was chosen as the seat of Placer County. Gold mining operations moved up the ravine to the site of present-day Auburn. In 1865, the Central Pacific Railroad, the western leg of the First Transcontinental Railroad, reached Auburn, as it was being built east from Sacramento toward Ogden, Utah.
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Austin, Texas
Austin (/ˈɒstɨn/ or /ˈɔːstɨn/) is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. Located in Central Texas on the eastern edge of the American Southwest, it is the fourth-largest city in Texas and the 14th most populous city in the United States. It was the third-fastest-growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006. Austin has a population of 790,390 (2010 U.S. Census). The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area, which had an estimated population 1,783,519 (2011 U.S. Census), making it the 34th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.
In the 1830s, pioneers began to the settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River. After Republic of Texas Vice President Mirabeau B. Lamar visited the area during a buffalo-hunting expedition between 1837 and 1838, he proposed that the republic's capital then located in Houston, Texas, be relocated to the area situated on the north bank of the Colorado River near the present-day Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge. In 1839, the site was officially chosen as the republic's new capital (the republic's seventh and final location) and was incorporated under the name, Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the "Father of Texas" and the republic's first secretary of state.
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Avenal, California
Avenal is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Avenal is located 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of 807 feet (246 m). It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260), which encompasses all of Kings County. In area, it is the largest city in Kings County. The Zip Code for this community is 93204, and telephone numbers use the sequence (559) 386-XXXX. The population was 15,505 in the 2010 census, which includes inmates at the Avenal State Prison, the first prison actively solicited by a community in the state of California. Many of the remaining residents largely either work at the prison or in the agriculture industry. The prison provides approximately 1,000 jobs to residents. The California Department of Finance estimated that Avenal's population was 14,885 on January 1, 2012.
The city's motto is "Oasis in the Sun".
The City of Avenal was named by Spanish soldiers and explorers. In Spanish, "avena" means oats, and "avenal" means oatfield. This area was covered with wild oats, "waist high," that looked like golden silk and covered the Kettleman Plains.
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Avocado, California
Coordinates: 36°47′22″N 119°24′14″W / 36.78944°N 119.40389°W / 36.78944; -119.40389
Avocado is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the east side of the Kings River 2 miles (3 km) southwest of Piedra, at an elevation of 499 feet (152 m).
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Azteca Theater
The Azteca Theater (Teatro Azteca) is an historic Art Deco theater in the Chinatown district of Fresno, California, built by Gustavo Acosta in 1948. The theater was the first Spanish language cinema in the San Joaquin Valley, serving a growing population of Mexican-Americans in California's Central Valley.
The theater was designed by Fresno firm, Johnson & Moore Consulting Engineers who designed the Biola Theater and Johnson was involved earlier in some of the facade work on the Warnors Theater in Fresno.
In 1956 Acosta leased the Azteca Theater to Arturo Tirado who is closely associated with the theater and entertainment in the Hispanic community into the 1980s when he retired. In 1961 Tirado was President of the Spanish Pictures Exhibitors Association representing 300 movie theaters in the United States. His father Romualdo Tirado was well known in California theater and a Cantinflas.
Known as the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema, Cantinflas, Pedro Infante, María Félix, Agustín Lara, Pedro Vargas, Miguel Aceves Mejía, Pedro Armendáriz, Antonio Aguilar and José Alfredo Jiménez were among the luminaries seen at the Azteca Theater.
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Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
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Bender, California
Coordinates: 36°27′35″N 119°56′10″W / 36.45972°N 119.93611°W / 36.45972; -119.93611
Bender is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Lanare, at an elevation of 207 feet (63 m). Bender still appeared on maps as of 1927.
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Benito, California
Coordinates: 36°49′18″N 120°26′11″W / 36.82167°N 120.43639°W / 36.82167; -120.43639
Benito is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2.5 miles (4 km) south-southeast of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 161 feet (49 m).
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Berkeley, California
Berkeley ( /ˈbɜrkliː/ BURK-lee) is a city on the east shore of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California, United States. Its neighbors to the south are the cities of Oakland and Emeryville. To the north is the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington. The eastern city limits coincide with the county line (bordering Contra Costa County), which generally follows the ridge line of the Berkeley Hills. Berkeley is located in northern Alameda County. The population was 112,580 at the 2010 census. The city is named after Bishop George Berkeley.
Berkeley is the site of the University of California, Berkeley, the oldest of the University of California system, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It is also home to the Graduate Theological Union. The city is noted as one of the most politically liberal in the nation, with one study placing it as the third most liberal city in the United States.
The site of today's City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived. Evidence of their existence in the area include pits in rock formations, which they used to grind acorns, and a shellmound, now mostly leveled and covered up, along the shoreline of San Francisco Bay at the mouth of Strawberry Creek. Other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek.
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Big Sandy Rancheria
The Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California is a ranchería and federally recognized tribe of Western Mono Indians (Monache) is located in Fresno County, California.
The Big Sandy Rancheria, located in Fresno County, is 228 acres (0.92 km2) large. In 1990, 38 tribal members lived on the reservation. In 2009, approximately 96 out of 108 enrolled tribal members lived on the reservation. The reservation is very secluded, and the tribal headquarters is situated within a ring of houses.
Big Sandy Rancheria's tribal headquarters is located in Auberry, California. They are governed by a democratically elected, five-person tribal council. The current administration is as follows:
The tribe owns and operates the Mono Wind Casino and Broken Arrow Restaurant in Auberry.
Coordinates: 37°04′57″N 119°27′50″W / 37.082491°N 119.463997°W / 37.082491; -119.463997
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Big Sur
Big Sur is a sparsely populated region of the Central Coast of California where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean. The name "Big Sur" is derived from the original Spanish-language "el sur grande", meaning "the big south", or from "el país grande del sur", "the big country of the south". The terrain offers stunning views, making Big Sur a popular tourist destination. Big Sur's Cone Peak is the highest coastal mountain in the contiguous 48 states, ascending nearly a mile (5,155 feet/1571 m) above sea level, only three miles (4.8 km) from the ocean.
Although Big Sur has no specific boundaries, many definitions of the area include the 90 miles (140 km) of coastline from the Carmel River south to the San Carpoforo Creek, and extend about 20 miles (32 km) inland to the eastern foothills of the Santa Lucias. Other sources limit the eastern border to the coastal flanks of these mountains, only three to 12 miles (19 km) inland. Another practical definition of the region is the segment of California State Route 1 between San Simeon and Carmel.
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Biola, California
Biola is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,623 at the 2010 census, up from 1,037 at the 2000 census. Biola is located 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northeast of Kerman, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
Biola was founded by William Kerchoff in 1912. The name was an initialism of the "Bible Institute of Los Angeles". A post office operated in Biola from 1912 to 1918, and from 1920 to the present.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Biola had a population of 1,623. The population density was 2,508.4 people per square mile (968.5/km²). The racial makeup of Biola was 510 (31.4%) White, 6 (0.4%) African American, 43 (2.6%) Native American, 316 (19.5%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 692 (42.6%) from other races, and 54 (3.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,196 persons (73.7%).
The Census reported that 1,623 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
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Bishop, California
Bishop (formerly, Bishop Creek) is a city in Inyo County, California, United States. Though Bishop is the only city and the largest populated place in Inyo County, the county seat is Independence. Bishop is located near the northern end of the Owens Valley, at an elevation of 4147 feet (1264 m). The population was 3,879 at the 2010 census, up from 3,575 at the 2000 census. The town was named after Bishop Creek, flowing out of the Sierra Nevada: the creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, a settler in the Owens Valley.
Bishop lies west of the Owens River at the northern end of the Owens River Valley.
It is on U.S. Route 395, the main north-south artery through the Owens Valley, connecting the Inland Empire to Reno, Nevada. US 395 also connects Bishop to Los Angeles via State Route 14 through Palmdale. Bishop is also the western terminus of U.S. Route 6. The Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony control land just west of the town. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (DWP) controls much of the upstream and surrounding area.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ (
listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Bowles, California
Bowles is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 166 at the 2010 census, down from 182 at the 2000 census. Bowles is located 11 miles (18 km) south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 279 feet (85 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2), all of it land.
A post office operated at Bowles from 1904 to 1943. The name honors a local pioneer family.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Bowles had a population of 166. The population density was 436.0 people per square mile (168.4/km²). The racial makeup of Bowles was 108 (65.1%) White, 6 (3.6%) African American, 1 (0.6%) Native American, 1 (0.6%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 43 (25.9%) from other races, and 7 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 71 persons (42.8%).
The Census reported that 112 people (67.5% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 54 (32.5%) were institutionalized.
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Bronge, California
Coordinates: 36°45′53″N 119°40′58″W / 36.76472°N 119.68278°W / 36.76472; -119.68278
Bronge is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Fresno Interurban Railroad 4.25 miles (6.8 km) south-southeast of Clovis, at an elevation of 338 feet (103 m). Bronge still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Burbank, California
Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States, 12 miles (19 km) north of downtown Los Angeles. The estimated population in 2010 was 103,340.
Billed as the "Media Capital of the World" and located only a few miles northeast of Hollywood, many media and entertainment companies are headquartered or have significant production facilities in Burbank, including Warner Bros. Entertainment, Warner Music Group, NBC Universal, The Walt Disney Company, ABC, Cartoon Network Studios, and Nickelodeon. The city is also home to Bob Hope Airport.
Burbank is located in two distinct areas, with its downtown, civic center and key neighborhoods nestled on the slopes and foothills that rise to the Verdugo Mountains, and other areas located in flatlands at the eastern end of the San Fernando Valley.
At one time it was referred to as "Beautiful Downtown Burbank" on Laugh-In and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. The city was named after David Burbank, a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur.
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Burness, California
Coordinates: 36°45′54″N 119°39′30″W / 36.765°N 119.65833°W / 36.765; -119.65833
Burness is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south-southeast of Clovis, at an elevation of 348 feet (106 m).
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Burrel, California
Coordinates: 36°29′18″N 119°59′07″W / 36.48833°N 119.98528°W / 36.48833; -119.98528
Burrel (formerly, Burrell) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Fresno, at an elevation of 203 feet (62 m).
Burrel is located midway between California State Route 99 and Interstate 5.
The place is named for Cuthbert Burrel, owner of a nearby ranch. In the 1850s and 1860s, nearby Elkhorn Station functioned as a stage stop. A post office was established at Burrel in 1912, but was eventually shut down, with mail now routed through nearby Riverdale.
Burrel's only school is Burrel Union Elementary, which is Kindergarten through 8th grades. Students in the district usually attend high school in Riverdale.
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Butler, California
Coordinates: 36°43′20″N 119°40′55″W / 36.72222°N 119.68194°W / 36.72222; -119.68194
Butler is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 4 miles (6.4 km) northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 318 feet (97 m). Butler still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Caldwell, California
Coordinates: 36°34′43″N 120°08′52″W / 36.57861°N 120.14778°W / 36.57861; -120.14778
Caldwell is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of San Joaquin, at an elevation of 177 feet (54 m). Caldwell still appeared on maps as of 1925.
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Calflax, California
Coordinates: 36°20′33″N 120°06′11″W / 36.3425°N 120.10306°W / 36.3425; -120.10306
Calflax is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Coalinga, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m).
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Calwa, California
Calwa (formerly, Calwa City) is an unincorporated census-designated place in Fresno County, California, U.S. The population was 2,052 at the 2010 census, up from 762 at the 2000 census. Calwa is located 4 miles (6.4 km) south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 292 feet (89 m). The name was taken from the acronym for "California Wine Association" (CalWA).
Calwa is located at 36°42′38″N 119°45′31″W / 36.71056°N 119.75861°W / 36.71056; -119.75861.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
The Calwa City post office opened in 1913, and changed its name to Calwa in 1949.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Calwa had a population of 2,052. The population density was 3,286.4 people per square mile (1,268.9/km²). The racial makeup of Calwa was 995 (48.5%) White, 24 (1.2%) African American, 67 (3.3%) Native American, 43 (2.1%) Asian, 9 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 846 (41.2%) from other races, and 68 (3.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,848 persons (90.1%).
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Cameo, California
Coordinates: 36°45′53″N 119°42′12″W / 36.76472°N 119.70333°W / 36.76472; -119.70333
Cameo is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Clovis, at an elevation of 331 feet (101 m).
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Carlsbad, California
Carlsbad is an affluent, coastal resort city that occupies seven miles of coastline along the Pacific Ocean in the northern region of San Diego County in Southern California. Carlsbad is located 87 miles (140 km) south of Los Angeles and 35 miles (56 km) north of downtown San Diego. A majority of San Diego County's top twenty-five employers have their locations closer to Carlsbad than San Diego. The city is mainly known for shopping, tourism, a booming high-tech industry, and resort living. The population was 105,328 at the 2010 census. The city has drafted ordinances protecting sensitive wildlife habitat, becoming one of the first municipalities in the U.S. state of California to do so. The city has also pledged to protect a specified amount of land within the city limits from development of any kind and spends significant funds to restore habitats destroyed by newer development projects.
Carlsbad's history begins with the Luiseño people who located one of their villages, Palamai, near what is today Agua Hedionda Lagoon. In the 1880s a former sailor named John Frazier dug a well in the area. He began offering his water at the train station and soon the whistle-stop became known as Frazier's Station. A test done on a second fresh-water well discovered the water to be chemically similar to the one found in some of the most renowned spas in the world, and the town was named after the famed Spa in the Bohemian town of Karlsbad.
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Cecile, California
Coordinates: 36°42′03″N 119°43′04″W / 36.70083°N 119.71778°W / 36.70083; -119.71778
Cecile is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 305 feet (93 m).
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Cella, California
Coordinates: 36°41′30″N 119°27′17″W / 36.69167°N 119.45472°W / 36.69167; -119.45472
Cella is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 3.5 miles (5.6 km) southeast of Centerville, at an elevation of 367 feet (112 m).
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Ceres, California
Ceres is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. The population was 45,417 at the 2010 census, up from 34,609 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The city is located in the San Joaquin Valley along State Route 99, south of Modesto and north of Turlock in Stanislaus County. Ceres is named after the Roman goddess of agriculture.
The newspaper in Ceres is called The Ceres Courier. It has been in publication since 1910. Jeff Benziger was appointed Editor in 1987.
Ceres hosts annual events at different times of the year. Spring brings the Ceres Street Faire on the first weekend in May. Concert in the Park is a regular summer event. Halloween Fun Festival marks the Fall followed by the colorful, and much-attended, Christmas Tree Lane opening ceremony.
The first families that inhabited Ceres were those of John Service, Cassius Warner, and Daniel Whitmore in the year 1867. Daniel C. Whitmore is considered the first family and founder of Ceres and built his home in 1870, now known as The Whitmore Mansion at 2928 5th Street. That home still stands, fully restored by the City and the Ceres Historical Society, at 2928 Fifth Street. (Ceres, 2004)
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Chico, California
Chico is the most populous city in Butte County, California, United States. The population was 86,187 at the 2010 census, up from 59,954 at the time of the 2000 census. The city is a cultural, economic, and educational center of the northern Sacramento Valley and home to both Chico State University and Bidwell Park, one of the country's 25 largest municipal parks and the 13th largest municipally-owned park,Bidwell Park, which makes up over 17% of the city.
Other cities in close proximity to the Chico Metropolitan Area (population 212,000) include Paradise and Oroville, while local towns and villages (unincorporated areas) include Durham, Cohasset, Dayton, Hamilton City, Nord, and Forest Ranch. The Chico Metropolitan Area is the 14th largest metropolitan statistical area in California.
The official city nickname is "City of Roses", according to the Seal of the City of Chico, California. Chico has been designated a Tree City USA for 27 years by the Arbor Day Foundation.
The original inhabitants of the area now known as Chico were the Mechoopda Maidu Native Americans.
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Cincotta, California
Coordinates: 36°45′41″N 119°45′17″W / 36.76139°N 119.75472°W / 36.76139; -119.75472
Cincotta is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, at an elevation of 312 feet (95 m).
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Cleveland
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
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Clint, California
Coordinates: 36°25′53″N 119°46′24″W / 36.43139°N 119.77333°W / 36.43139; -119.77333
Clint is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 5 miles (8 km) east of Riverdale, at an elevation of 236 feet (72 m).
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Clotho, California
Coordinates: 36°43′17″N 119°36′35″W / 36.72139°N 119.60972°W / 36.72139; -119.60972
Clotho (formerly, Minneola) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 3 miles (4.8 km) west-northwest of Sanger, at an elevation of 351 feet (107 m).
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Clovis, California
Clovis is a city in Fresno County, California, United States, northeast of Fresno. The population is estimated to be 97,218 as of September, 2011. Clovis is located 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m).
The city of Clovis began as a freight stop along the San Joaquin Valley Railroad. Organized on January 15, 1890 by Fresno businessmen Thomas E. Hughes, Fulton Berry, Gilbert R. Osmun, H.D. Colson, John D. Gray, and William M. Williams, in partnership with Michigan railroad speculator Marcus Pollasky, the SJVRR began construction in Fresno on July 4, 1891 and reached the farmlands of Clovis Cole and George Owen by October of that year. The railroad purchased right-of-way from both farmers, half from each - the east side from Cole and the west side from Owen - and ran tracks up the borderline between the two properties. The railroad agreed to establish a station on the west side of the tracks and to call it "Clovis". It may be worth noting that the Clovis station, after which the town was named, was positioned on the Owen side of the track.
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Coalinga, California
Coalinga ( /ˌkoʊ.əˈlɪŋɡə/ or /kəˈlɪŋɡə/; formerly, Coaling Station A, Coalingo and Coalinga Station) is a city in Fresno County, California. The population was 13,380 at the 2010 census, up from 11,668 at the 2000 census. It is the site of both Pleasant Valley State Prison and Coalinga State Hospital. Coalinga is located 52 miles (84 km) southwest of Fresno, at an elevation of 673 feet (205 m).
Legendary bandit Joaquin Murrieta was killed in 1853 north of Coalinga. California Historical Landmark 344, near the intersection of what are now State Routes 33 and 198, marks the approximate site of his headquarters, Arroyo de Cantua, where he was slain.
In the early years of railroading, before the extensive development of oil production in California, the steam locomotives were powered by the burning of coal obtained from the northern foothills of Mount Diablo. The Southern Pacific Transportation Company established the site as a coaling station in 1888, and it was called simply Coaling Station A. Local tradition has it that an official of Southern Pacific made the name more sonorous by adding an a to it. However, it is just as likely that the small railside signs of the day, which often abbreviated names, read "COALINGA" to mean "Coaling A." [Another example is Braner's Cut north of Eureka, whose sign said "BRACUT," which has now become the name of that spot along Highway 101.] The resemblance to Nahuatl (where cōātl = "snake") is accidental.
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Columbus, Ohio
Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the sixteenth largest city in the United States of America. It is the county seat of Franklin County, yet the city has expanded and annexed portions of adjoining Delaware County and Fairfield County. Named for explorer Christopher Columbus, the city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816. The city has a diverse economy based on education, government, insurance, banking, fashion, defense, aviation, food, clothes, logistics, steel, energy, medical research, health care, hospitality, retail, and technology. Modern Columbus has emerged as a technologically sophisticated city. It is home to the world's largest private research and development foundation, the Battelle Memorial Institute; CAS, or Chemical Abstracts Service, the world's largest clearinghouse of chemical information; NetJets, the world's largest fractional ownership jet aircraft fleet; and The Ohio State University, the nation's largest campus.
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Colusa, California
Colusa (formerly, Colusi, Colusi's, Koru, and Salmon Bend) is the county seat of Colusa County, California. The population was 5,971 at the 2010 census, up from 5,402 at the 2000 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2), all of it land. According to the United States Geologic Survey, the city's location is at 39°12′52″N 122°00′34″W / 39.21444°N 122.00944°W / 39.21444; -122.00944.
Colusa is on the Sacramento River, which has a high levee so that the river is not clearly apparent from the city.
Colusa features a historic Chinatown, Carnegie Library building constructed in 1905, and an architecturally noteworthy courthouse built in a classical style, among its historically notable buildings. The city was founded by a Chinese monk and with its cottages and gardens gives the appearance of a town in northern China.
In 1850, Charles D. Semple purchased the Rancho Colus Mexican land grant on which Colusa was founded and called the place Salmon Bend. The town was founded, under the name Colusi, by Semple in 1850. The first post office was established the following year, 1851. The California legislature changed the town's (and the county's) name to Colusa in 1854. The town flourished due to its location on the Southern Pacific Railroad. Several travelers rest stops were established at various road distances from Colusa, including Five Mile House, Seven Mile House, Nine Mile House, Ten Mile House, Eleven Mile House, Fourteen Mile House (also called Sterling Ranch), Sixteen Mile House (at the current location of Princeton), and Seventeen Mile House. The original settlement of what became Colusa was originally placed at the site of Seven Mile House but subsequently removed to its current site in 1850.
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Concord, California
Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ KONG-kərd; formerly Drunken Indian and Todos Santos) is the largest city in Contra Costa County, California, USA. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 122,067. Originally founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco, the name was changed to Concord within months. The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area, and is located just 31 miles (50 km) east of San Francisco.
Concord is located at 37°58′41″N 122°01′52″W / 37.97806°N 122.03111°W / 37.97806; -122.03111. In terms of travelling distance on the ground, it is 29 miles (47 km) northeast of San Francisco, 22 miles (35 km) northeast from Oakland, 65 miles (105 km) southwest of Sacramento, and 51 miles (82 km) north of San Jose.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.5 square miles (79 km2), all of it land.
The focal point of downtown Concord is Todos Santos Plaza, which encompasses an entire city block and is known for its farmers market, free summer concerts, and large number of surrounding restaurants. Much of the area immediately around downtown has recently been redeveloped, with new high-density apartment and condominium projects to take advantage of the close proximity to public transportation and the vibrant area surrounding the park. Despite this, some crime and homelessness remain issues in the downtown area.
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Conejo, California
Coordinates: 36°31′06″N 119°43′08″W / 36.51833°N 119.71889°W / 36.51833; -119.71889
Conejo is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 7.25 miles (11.7 km) west-southwest of Selma, at an elevation of 262 feet (80 m).
A post office operated at Conejo from 1898 to 1920.
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Corcoran, California
Corcoran is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Corcoran is located 17 miles (27 km) south-southeast of Hanford, at an elevation of 207 feet (63 m). It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran, Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 24,813 at the 2010 census, up from 14,458 at the 2000 census. The California Department of Finance estimated that Corcoran's population was 23,621 on January 1, 2012.
Corcoran is most famous as the site of the California State Prison, Corcoran, home to a number of notable inmates such as Charles Manson, and Juan Corona. The California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corcoran is a separate facility that is also located in the city. As of September 2007, the two prisons held a combined total of 13,144 inmates. Inmates are counted as city residents by both the United States Census and the California Department of Finance. Thus, the incarcerated persons in the two prisons comprise just over 50% of the total population of Corcoran.
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Corona, California
Corona is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 152,374, up from 124,966 at the 2000 census. The city of Norco and Riverside lie to the northeast, Chino Hills to the northwest, Yorba Linda, and the Cleveland National Forest to the southwest; unincorporated areas of Riverside County line all of its other borders.
Corona, founded at the height of the Southern California citrus boom in 1886, is advantageously situated at the upper end of the Santa Ana River Canyon, the only significant pass through the Santa Ana Mountains. The town of Corona once laid claim to the title "Lemon Capital of the World." A museum there presents the lemon's former role in the local economy. The city derived its name (and its nickname, The Circle City) from the curious layout of its streets, with a standard grid enclosed by the circular Grand Boulevard, one mile in diameter. The street layout was designed by Hiram Clay Kellogg, a civil engineer from Anaheim who was an influential figure in the early development of Orange County.[citation needed]
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Crabtree, California
Coordinates: 36°50′37″N 119°05′23″W / 36.84361°N 119.08972°W / 36.84361; -119.08972
Crabtree is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 5 miles (8 km) south-southeast of Balch Camp, at an elevation of 1358 feet (414 m).
The name honors John F. Crabtree, who homesteaded here in 1911.
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Cromir, California
Coordinates: 36°48′16″N 120°25′19″W / 36.80444°N 120.42194°W / 36.80444; -120.42194
Cromir is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 4 miles (6.4 km) south-southeast of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 164 feet (50 m).
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Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
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Del Rey, California
Del Rey (formerly, Clifton) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,639 at the 2010 census, up from 950 at the 2000 census. Del Rey is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-southwest of Sanger, at an elevation of 344 (105 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all of it land.
Originally called Clifton, the place was renamed by the railroad in 1898 to Del Rey, after the Rancho del Rey ranch on which the station was located. A post office opened in 1885. The name Clifton honored Clift Wilkinson, town founder.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Del Rey had a population of 1,639. The population density was 1,346.6 people per square mile (519.9/km²). The racial makeup of Del Rey was 740 (45.1%) White, 7 (0.4%) African American, 11 (0.7%) Native American, 34 (2.1%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 814 (49.7%) from other races, and 33 (2.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,534 persons (93.6%).
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Delano, California
Delano ( /dəˈleɪnoʊ/ də-LAY-noh) is a city in Kern County, California, United States. Delano is located 31 miles (50 km) north-northwest of Bakersfield at an elevation of 315 feet (96 m). The population was 53,041 at the 2010 census, up from 38,824 at the 2000 census. It is Kern County's second largest city after Bakersfield. Also considered a border for California gangs.
Agriculture is Delano's major industry. The area is particularly well known as a center for the growing of table grapes. Delano is also home to two California state prisons, North Kern State Prison and Kern Valley State Prison. The Voice of America once operated its largest, most powerful shortwave broadcast facility outside Delano at 35°45′15″N 119°17′7″W / 35.75417°N 119.28528°W / 35.75417; -119.28528. However, the Voice of America ceased broadcasts in October 2007, citing a changing political mission, reduced budgets, and changes in technology.
Delano's two school districts currently operate eight elementary schools, three middle schools, three comprehensive high schools and two alternative high schools. The city has its own police department and contracts with the Kern County Fire Department for fire services, EMS services are privately provided by local company, Delano Ambulance Service. Delano maintains a "sister city" relationship with the town of Arida, Wakayama, Japan
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Dinuba, California
Dinuba is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 21,453 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Visalia Metropolitan Statistical Area according to the United States Census Bureau. The Alta District Museum is located in Dinuba in a restored railroad station; the museum has a collection of materials to illustrate local history.
Dinuba is located at 36°32′42″N 119°23′21″W / 36.545°N 119.38917°W / 36.545; -119.38917 (36.544898, -119.389260).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.5 square miles (17 km2), all of it land. The general topography is quite level ground, at an elevation of approximately 345 feet (105 m) above mean sea datum. The gradient is approximately ten feet per mile, from east-northeast to west-southwest. Groundwater generally also flows with the surface of the terrain, that is, from the northeast to the southwest. There are small hills to the northeast side of Dinuba with some elevations achieving heights of 526 feet (160 m).
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Downey, California
Downey is a city located in southeast Los Angeles County, California, United States, 21 km (13 mi) southeast of downtown Los Angeles. The city is best known as the birthplace of the Apollo space program, and is the city where pop singer Karen Carpenter lived and died. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 111,772, up from 107,323 at the 2000 census.
Prior to the arrival of the Spanish in Alta California, the area that now comprises Downey was inhabited by the Tongva ethnic group, which came to be called the Gabrielino by the Spanish. The nearest Tongva settlements appear to have been just north and northeast of present-day Downey, although there is difficulty is locating them very precisely. The villages of Naxaaw’nga and Sehat seem to have been situated near the present-day community of Los Nietos, or perhaps farther west on sites that were lost to floods of the San Gabriel River. Chokiishnga and Huutnga are other Tongva place names that may have referred to villages in the general area north of Downey between the San Gabriel River and Rio Hondo. In all four cases, it is difficult to relate the original location descriptions, based on ranchos and land grants, to more specific sites identifiable by today’s landmarks. Mission San Gabriel Arcangel was initially founded on September 8, 1771, near these concentrations of Tongva population, at a site in the Whittier Narrows on a bluff overlooking the Rio Hondo near the intersection of today’s San Gabriel Blvd and Lincoln Avenue. After five years, flooding forced the relocation of the mission to its present site in San Gabriel.
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Easton, California
Easton (formerly, Covel and Covell) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 2,083 at the 2010 census, up from 1,966 at the 2000 census. Easton is located 7.5 miles (12.1 km) south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2), all of it land.
Easton post office was established in 1881, moved in 1883, and closed in 1902. It reopened in 1952. The name honors O.W. Easton, land agent.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Easton had a population of 2,083. The population density was 691.7 people per square mile (267.1/km²). The racial makeup of Easton was 1,248 (59.9%) White, 13 (0.6%) African American, 58 (2.8%) Native American, 68 (3.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 593 (28.5%) from other races, and 103 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,308 persons (62.8%).
The Census reported that 2,083 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
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Edmiston, California
Coordinates: 36°46′44″N 119°32′25″W / 36.77889°N 119.54028°W / 36.77889; -119.54028
Edmiston is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 9 miles (14 km) east-southeast of Clovis, at an elevation of 407 feet (124 m).
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Ejmiatsin
Coordinates: 40°10′22″N 44°17′33″E / 40.17278°N 44.2925°E / 40.17278; 44.2925
Vagharshapat (Armenian: Վաղարշապատ), commonly known as Ejmiatsin in Eastern Armenian and Echmiadzin in Western Armenian (Armenian: Էջմիածին), is the fourth-largest city in Armenia and the spiritual centre of the Armenians, as it is the seat of the Catholicos of All Armenians, the head of the Holy Armenian Apostolic Church. It is the most populous city in Armavir province, located about 18 km west of Yerevan, 25 km east of the regional centre of Armavir, only 10 km north of the Armenia-Turkish border. The 1989 census counted the population of Ejmiatsin as 61,000; it has declined somewhat since: 58,388 in the 2001 census, and an estimated 56,757 in 2008.
Vagharshapat (Ejmiatsin) is the biggest satellite city of Yerevan and the 4th largest in Armenia, close to Zvartnots International Airport. It is located in Eastern Armenia to the center-west of the country in the north-eastern extremity of Ararat Valley, in Kasagh River basin. Historically, Vagharshapat is situated at the heart of the Armenian Highland, in Aragatsotn canton (Armenian: Արագածոտն գաւառ Aragatsotn gavar, not to be confused with the current Aragatsotn Province) of Ayrarat province, within Armenia Major. The city has an average elevation of 853 meters above sea level with a dry continental climate.
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El Monte, California
El Monte /ɛl ˈmɒntiː/ is a residential, industrial, and commercial city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The city's slogan is "Welcome to Friendly El Monte," and historically is known as "The End of the Santa Fe Trail." As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 113,475, down from 115,965 at the 2000 census. As of 2010, El Monte is the 228th largest city in the United States, and is the 51st largest city in California. El Monte lies in the San Gabriel Valley region East of the city of Los Angeles.
El Monte was literally an oasis or island in the middle of the arid San Gabriel Valley. Sitting between the San Gabriel and Rio Hondo Rivers. Residents claim that anything could be grown here due to the two rivers. Between 1770 and 1830, Spanish soldiers and missionaries often stopped here for respite. They called the area, 'El Monte,' which in Spanish means 'meadow or marsh' or 'the wooded place. Most people assume the name refers to a mountain, but the word is an archaic Spanish translation of that era, there were no mountains in the valley. The explorers had found this oasis of rich, low altitude land, blanketed with thick growths of wispy willows, alders, and cattails, located between the two rivers. They also found wild grapevines and watercress. The "Island" is approximately 7 miles long and 4 miles wide. When the State Legislature organized California into more manageable designated townships in the 1850s, they called it the El Monte Township. In a short time the name returned to the original El Monte.
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El Paso, Texas
El Paso /ɛlˈpæsoʊ/ is the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in far West Texas. According to the 2010 census the city's population is 649,121. It is the sixth largest city in Texas and the 19th largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County, whose population in 2010 was 800,647.
El Paso stands on the Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte), across the border from Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The two cities form a combined international metropolitan area, sometimes called El Paso–Juárez, with Juárez being the significantly larger of the two in population. They have a combined population of two million, two-thirds of which reside in Juárez. In 2010 El Paso was awarded an All-America City Award, the oldest community-recognition program in the United States.
El Paso is home to the University of Texas at El Paso (founded in 1914 as The Texas State School of Mines and Metallurgy, and later, Texas Western College; its current name dates from 1967) and the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso. Fort Bliss, one of the largest military complexes of the United States Army, lies to the east and northeast of the city, with training areas extending north into New Mexico, up to the White Sands Missile Range and neighboring Holloman Air Force Base in Alamogordo. El Paso is the first large city in the world to have a spaceport in the vicinity. Spaceport America, which lies 90 miles from El Paso, has seen the completion of several successful manned, suborbital flights. The Franklin Mountains extend into El Paso from the north and nearly divide the city into two sections; the western half forms the beginnings of the Mesilla Valley, and the eastern slopes connect in the central business district at the south end of the mountain range.
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El Prado, California
Coordinates: 36°54′23″N 119°43′54″W / 36.90639°N 119.73167°W / 36.90639; -119.73167
El Prado is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located at the junction of the San Joaquin and Eastern and the Southern Pacific Railroads 6 miles (9.7 km) north-northwest of Clovis, at an elevation of 377 feet (115 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1922.
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Elm View, California
Coordinates: 36°32′51″N 119°47′29″W / 36.5475°N 119.79139°W / 36.5475; -119.79139
Elm View is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 15 miles (24 km) south of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 256 feet (78 m).
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Emerald Triangle
The Emerald Triangle refers to a region in Northern California so named because it is the largest region in the United States that produces cannabis for the legal use in California. Mendocino County, Humboldt County, and Trinity County are the three counties in Northern California that make up this region. Growers have been cultivating cannabis in this region since the 1960s, and many growers in Mendocino County today have estimated they make $1 billion a year from cultivating the plant. Growing cannabis in The Emerald Triangle is considered a way of life, and the locals believe that everyone living in this region is either directly or indirectly reliant on the marijuana business.
The region of the Emerald Triangle is 10,260 square miles (26,600 km2) of thick forests hidden in Northern California between the Pacific Coast and the Redwood Forest. The Emerald triangle has also been known as Behind the Redwood Curtain because the two major highways that merge the three counties, U.S. Route 101 and State Route 299, are lined with coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) trees. These roads are narrow and curvy, and they isolate this region from the rest of California. The geography and climate in this region make it easy for locals to grow marijuana tucked away in the high hills.
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Eshel, California
Coordinates: 36°43′20″N 119°42′34″W / 36.72222°N 119.70944°W / 36.72222; -119.70944
Eshel is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 3 miles (4.8 km) north-northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 312 feet (95 m). Eshel still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Eureka, California
Eureka is the principal city and the county seat of Humboldt County, California. Its population was 27,191 at the 2010 census, up from 26,128 at the 2000 census.
Eureka is the largest American West Coast city north of San Francisco situated directly on the Pacific Coast in the United States. The port city serves as the center for government, health care, trade, and the arts for the North Coast region of California north of the San Francisco Bay Area. Its location adjacent to Humboldt Bay 270 miles (430 km) north of San Francisco (via U.S. Route 101) includes marinas and industrial docking facilities, making it the largest port between San Francisco and Coos Bay, a distance of about 500 miles. As the primary full-service city situated between the most extensive preserves of the world's tallest trees, the Coast Redwoods, and related parks, Eureka is the site of the headquarters for both the North Coast Redwoods District of the California State Parks System and the one million acre Six Rivers National Forest. The city, which played a major role in the historic west coast lumber trade, is the site of hundreds of significant Victorian homes, including the nationally recognized Carson Mansion, situated at the head of its Old Town Historic District. Eureka is also home to California's oldest zoo, the Sequoia Park Zoo.
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Fargo, California
Coordinates: 36°38′13″N 119°30′53″W / 36.63694°N 119.51472°W / 36.63694; -119.51472
Fargo (also, Fortuna) is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 5.25 miles (8.4 km) south-southeast of Sanger, at an elevation of 358 feet (109 m). Fargo still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Figarden, California
Coordinates: 36°49′22″N 119°51′45″W / 36.82278°N 119.8625°W / 36.82278; -119.8625
Figarden (formerly, Bullard and Fig Garden) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 315 feet (96 m).
A post office operated at Figarden from 1925 to 1944, moving in 1939, and from 1947 to 1951.
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Fontana, California
Fontana ( /fɒnˈtænə/) is a city of 196,069 residents in San Bernardino County, California. Founded in 1913, it remained essentially rural until World War II, when entrepreneur Henry J. Kaiser built a large steel mill in the area. It is now a regional hub of the trucking industry, with Interstate 10 and State Route 210 transecting the city from east to west, and Interstate 15 passing diagonally through its northwestern quadrant.
It is home to the largest of the San Bernardino County system libraries, a renovated historic theater, a municipal park, and the Auto Club Speedway on the site of the Kaiser Steel Mill. Fontana also hosts the Fontana Days Half Marathon and 5K run. This race is the fastest half-marathon course in the world.
The U.S. 2010 Census reported that Fontana's population was 196,069 in 2010, making it the second most populous city in the county and 20th in the state.
Fontana was founded in 1913 by Azariel Blanchard Miller. Within a few years it became an agricultural town of citrus orchards, vineyards and chicken ranches astride U.S. Route 66 (now known as Foothill Boulevard). The Fontana area was radically transformed during World War II when Henry J. Kaiser built one of only two steel mills west of the Mississippi River outside the city limits.
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Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly 300 square miles (780 km2) in Tarrant, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 Census, Fort Worth had a population of 741,206. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second most populous in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The city was established in 1849 as an Army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.
Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican–American War in 1846. After the war, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River. One month later Worth died from cholera. General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849 Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River.
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Fortuna, California
Fortuna (formerly, Slide, Springville) is a city in western-central Humboldt County, California, United States. The population was 11,926 at the 2010 census, up from 10,497 at the 2000 census. The city lies on the northeast shore of the Eel River (approximately 9 miles (14 km) from where it enters the Pacific Ocean), and is on U.S. Route 101.
The settlement was originally called "Slide", for Slide Hill, in 1874. Named for the slide that was a fixture on the northeast side of the Eel River and the southwest portion of Christian Ridge just to the northwestern edge of town. But, in 1875, the name was changed to "Springville" during the construction of the Springville Mill, a lumber and saw mill for the nearby redwood forests, named so because of the numerous springs in the area. The mill was being built by the Springville Mill Company, and its owners Henry Rohner (namesake of neighboring Rohnerville), Alexander Masson, M. N. Weber and G. F. Gushaw. Springville was originally a company town (belonging to the Springville Mill) and the few people that resided there all worked for the mill. By the late 1870s, Springville was large enough to warrant a post office, but there already existed a town called Springville, California (now part of Camarillo, in Ventura County) in the state of California. The post office was named Slide on May 24, 1876. In 1884 the residents petitioned the state legislature for the name of "Fortuna", Spanish for "fortune" and Latin for "chance", and by July 3, 1888 the name was changed to Fortuna.
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Fowler, California
Fowler (formerly, Fowler's Switch) is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. It is located within the San Joaquin Valley. It has a strong agricultural community, with lush grape vineyards and expansive farmland. Fowler is located 11 miles (18 km) southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 308 feet (94 m). The population was 5,570 at the 2010 census.
Fowler's first post office opened in 1882. Fowler was incorporated May 26, 1908. The community was named for rancher Thomas Fowler, early 1870s California state senator.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.5 km2), all of it land.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fowler had a population of 5,570. The population density was 2,200.3 people per square mile (849.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fowler was 2,634 (47.3%) White, 104 (1.9%) African American, 136 (2.4%) Native American, 610 (11.0%) Asian, 8 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,800 (32.3%) from other races, and 278 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,687 persons (66.2%).
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Fremont, California
Fremont ( /ˈfriːmɒnt/) is a city in Alameda County, California. It was incorporated on January 23, 1956, from the merger of five smaller communities: Centerville, Niles, Irvington, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs. The city is named after John Charles Frémont, "the Great Pathfinder."
Located in the southeast section of the San Francisco Bay Area in the East Bay region primarily, Fremont is now the fourth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area, and the largest suburb in the metropolis. It is the closest Alameda County city to Silicon Valley, and is thus sometimes associated with it.
The area consisting of Fremont, Newark (an enclave of Fremont), and Union City was formerly known as Washington Township, and is now known as the Tri-City Area.
Fremont is the sister city to Elizabeth, South Australia; Puerto Peñasco, Mexico; Fukaya, Japan; Horta, Azores, Portugal; Lipa City, Philippines; and Jaipur, India.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Fremont had a population of 214,089. The population density was 2,443.7 people per square mile (943.5/km²). The racial makeup of Fremont was 70,320 (32.8%) White, 7,103 (3.3%) African American, 976 (0.5%) Native American, 108,332 (50.6%) Asian (18.1% Indian, 17.8% Chinese, 6.7% Filipino, 2.5% Vietnamese, 2.3% Thai, 1.8% Korean, 1.3% Hmong, 1.0% Pakistani, 0.8% Japanese, 0.6% Burmese), 1,169 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 13,605 (6.4%) from other races, and 12,584 (5.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31,698 persons (14.8%). Among the Hispanic population, 11.0% are Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, and 0.5% Salvadoran. Non-Hispanic Whites were 26.5% of the population in 2010, down from 85.4% in 1970.
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Fresno, California
Fresno ( /ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh) is a city in central California, United States, the county seat of Fresno County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 510,365, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California and the 34th largest in the nation. Fresno is located in the center of the San Joaquin Valley of Central California, approximately 200 miles (322 km) north of Los Angeles, and 170 miles (274 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento. Metropolitan Fresno has a population of 1,107,416.[citation needed] The name Fresno is the Spanish language word for the ash tree, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.
The original inhabitants of the San Joaquin Valley region were the Yokut people, who engaged in trading with other California tribes of Native Americans including coastal peoples such as the Chumash of the Central California coast, with whom they are thought to have traded plant and animal products.
The County of Fresno was formed in 1856 after the California Gold Rush. It was named for the abundant mountain ash trees lining the San Joaquin River. Fresno is the Spanish word for white ash trees. The county was much larger than it is today as part of Tulare County, comprising its current area plus all of what became Madera County and parts of what are now San Benito, Kings, Inyo, and Mono counties.
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Friant, California
Friant (formerly, Converse Ferry, Jones Ferry, Hamptonville, and Pollasky) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 549 at the 2010 census, down from 778 at the 2000 census. Friant is located 11.5 miles (19 km) north of Clovis, at an elevation of 344 feet (105 m).
Friant is located at 36°59′16″N 119°42′43″W / 36.98778°N 119.71194°W / 36.98778; -119.71194. The CDP is located along the banks of the San Joaquin River and at the base of Friant Dam and Millerton Lake.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), of which 96.2% is land and 3.8% is water.
The place was first called Converse Ferry for Charles Converse, who established a ferry across the San Joaquin River in 1852. It was renamed Jones Ferry for J.R. Jones, a local merchant. The post office came in 1881 and named the place Hamptonville, after William R. Hampton, its first postmaster. The Southern Pacific Railroad arrived in 1891 and named the place Pollasky for Marcus Pollasky, a railroad official. In the 1920s the place was renamed for Thomas Friant, a lumber company executive.
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Fulton Mall (Fresno)
Coordinates: 36°44′14″N 119°48′51″W / 36.737292°N 119.81427°W / 36.737292; -119.81427
Fulton Mall is a six-block pedestrian mall located in the central business district of downtown Fresno, California. The mall runs along historic Fulton Street between Inyo and Tuolumne Streets and is home to a wide variety of shopping, restaurants, offices and public art. The PBID Partners of Downtown Fresno (formerly the Downtown Association of Fresno) is the local business improvement district.
Originally called J Street, it was renamed Fulton Street in honor of prominent local financier Fulton G. Berry after his death in 1910. As part of a major urban renewal effort in the 1960s, Fulton Street was transformed into Fulton Mall under the supervision of pioneering Austrian architect Victor Gruen and American landscape architect Garrett Eckbo. The mall was dedicated on September 1, 1964, to much fanfare.
The Fulton Mall has declined in recent decades and is consistently the subject of revitalization efforts. It was nominated in 2008 to the National Register of Historic Places, but was not placed on the register due to objections from a majority of property owners. However, because of its eligibility, the mall is now listed on the California Register of Historical Resources.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Glendale, California
Glendale ( /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the city population is 191,719, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and the 22nd largest city in the state of California. It is also one of the two large cities in the United States that shares its name with a larger American city (Glendale, Arizona).[citation needed]
Glendale lies at the eastern end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains, and is a suburb in the Greater Los Angeles Area. The city is bordered to the northwest by the Sun Valley and Tujunga neighborhoods of Los Angeles; to the northeast by La Cañada Flintridge and the unincorporated area of La Crescenta; to the west by Burbank and Griffith Park; to the east by Eagle Rock and Pasadena; to the south by the Atwater Village neighborhood of Los Angeles; and to the southeast by Glassell Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city.
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Gold Country
Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a region in the central and northeastern part of California. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.
State Route 49 was built through the Gold Country, stretching from Mariposa County in the south, to Sierra County in the north.
It includes parts of twelve California counties: Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sierra, Tuolumne, Plumas and Yuba.
The Gold Country lies on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, reaching down to the Sacramento Valley. The oldest geology can be found along the easternmost portions of this region, closer to the Sierra Nevada summits. It consists of ancient sea floor and portions of islands which were added onto the western edge of North America during the late Paleozoic, about 275 million years ago. The western sections of the Mother Lode are significantly younger, from the mid Mesozoic about 150 million years ago, and also consist of material that was solidified on the ocean floor to the continental edge. Massive intrusions of granite forced their way into these formations. After ten miles of overlying material was eroded over the last 70 million years, these intrusions became visible throughout the Sierra Nevada. Over the last 50 million years, rivers and volcanoes deposited materials; these built up in thick layers found atop many of the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada foothills.
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Goldleaf, California
Coordinates: 36°43′20″N 119°43′05″W / 36.72222°N 119.71806°W / 36.72222; -119.71806
Goldleaf is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 3 miles (4.8 km) north-northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 312 feet (95 m).
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Goleta, California
Goleta ( /ɡəˈliːtə/; Spanish: [ɡoˈleta], "schooner") is a city in southern Santa Barbara County, California, USA. It was incorporated as a city in 2002, after a long period as the largest unincorporated, populated area in the county. As of the 2000 census, the Census-designated place (CDP) had a total population of 55,204, however, a significant portion of the census territory of 2000 did not incorporate into the new city. The population was 29,888 at the 2010 census.
It is known for being near the University of California, Santa Barbara campus, although the CDP of Isla Vista is closer to the campus.
The area of present-day Goleta was populated for thousands of years by the native Chumash people. Locally they were known by the first European settlers as Canaliños (for the canoes they built for travel to the Channel Islands). One of the largest villages, S'axpilil, was north of the Goleta Slough, not far from the present-day Santa Barbara Airport.
The first European visitor was Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who sailed past in 1542. During the 1980s, discovery of some 16th-century cannon on the beach led to the advancement of a theory that Sir Francis Drake sailed into the Goleta Slough in 1579, where he may have spent several weeks repairing his ship.
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Goodmill, California
Coordinates: 36°46′51″N 119°01′24″W / 36.78083°N 119.02333°W / 36.78083; -119.02333
Goodmill is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on Mill Flat Creek 10 miles (16 km) south-southeast of Balch Camp, at an elevation of 3,717 ft (1,133 m).
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Gordon, California
Coordinates: 36°53′46″N 119°43′48″W / 36.89611°N 119.73°W / 36.89611; -119.73
Gordon (formerly, Gordon Siding) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 5.25 miles (8 km) north-northwest of Clovis, at an elevation of 394 feet (120 m).
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Granz, California
Coordinates: 36°44′49″N 119°42′34″W / 36.74694°N 119.70944°W / 36.74694; -119.70944
Granz is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located near Sunnyside, at an elevation of 325 feet (99 m). Granz still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Hanford, California
Hanford is an important commercial and cultural center in the south central San Joaquin Valley and is the county seat of Kings County, California. It is the principal city of the Hanford-Corcoran, California Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA Code 25260), which encompasses all of Kings County, including the cities of Hanford and Corcoran. The ZIP Code is 93230 (93232 for post office boxes). The city of Hanford is surrounded by communities that do not fall within the city limits but use the same zip code. These communities include Grangeville, Hardwick and Home Garden.
The population was 53,967 at the 2010 census. The California Department of Finance estimated that the city's population was 55,123 as of January 1, 2012.
Hanford is located at 36°19′39″N 119°38′44″W / 36.3275°N 119.64556°W / 36.3275; -119.64556 (36.3275, -119.6457). It is situated in the south central portion of California's San Joaquin Valley, 28 miles (45 km) SSE of the city of Fresno, at an elevation of 249 feet (76 m) above sea level. The terrain is level. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 16.6 square miles (43 km2), all of which is land not covered by water. The only natural watercourse is Mussel Slough, remnants of which still exist on the city's western edge. The Kings River is about 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north of Hanford. The People's Ditch, an irrigation canal dug in the 1870s, traverses Hanford from north to south.
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Hayes, California
Hayes is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Mendota.
A post office operated at Hayes from 1893 to 1902. The place was named for its first postmaster, William J. Hayes.
Coordinates: 34°04′27″N 118°01′22″W / 34.07417°N 118.02278°W / 34.07417; -118.02278
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Hayward, California
Hayward ( /ˈheɪwərd/; formerly, Haywards, Haywards Station, and Haywood) is a city located in the East Bay in Alameda County, California. With a population of 144,186, Hayward is the sixth largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area and the third largest in Alameda County. Hayward was ranked as the 37th most populous municipality in California. It is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont Metropolitan Statistical Area by the US Census. It is located primarily between Castro Valley and Union City, and lies at the eastern terminus of the San Mateo-Hayward Bridge. The city was devastated early in its history by the namesake 1868 Hayward earthquake. From the early 20th century until the beginning of the 1980s, Hayward's economy was dominated by its food canning industry.
Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from at least 4000 B.C.E.. The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native American Ohlone people.
In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part of Rancho San Lorenzo, a Spanish land grant to Guillermo Castro in 1841. The site of his home was on the former El Camino Viejo, or Castro Street (now Mission Boulevard) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the 1868 Hayward earthquake, with the Hayward Fault running directly under its location. Most of the city's structures were destroyed in the earthquake, the last major earthquake on the fault. In 1930, that site was chosen for the construction of the City Hall, which served the city until 1969. The surrounding area is still the center of town.[citation needed]
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Helm, California
Coordinates: 36°31′54″N 120°05′54″W / 36.53167°N 120.09833°W / 36.53167; -120.09833
Helm is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 13 miles (21 km) south of Kerman, at an elevation of 187 feet (57 m).
The first post office opened in Helm in 1913. The name is from William Helm, sheep rancher who arrived in 1859.
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Henry Perea
Henry T. Perea (born June 29, 1977 in Fresno, California) was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2010. He is a Democrat representing the 31st District, encompassing parts of Fresno and Tulare counties including Cutler-Orosi, Dinuba, Firebaugh, Fowler, Kerman, Mendota, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, San Joaquin, Selma and the city of Fresno.
He is currently Chair of the Assembly Revenue and Taxation Committee and also sits on the Agriculture Committee, the Banking and Finance Committee, Governmental Organization Committee, and the Select Committee on the Renewable Energy Economy in Rural California.
Prior to his election to the Assembly, Perea served on the Fresno city council from 2003 to 2010. He was first elected to the council at the age of 25 and served as council president in 2007.
He is married to Yahaira Garcia-Perea and they have one daughter, Ava.
His father, Henry R. Perea, is a member of the Fresno County Board of Supervisors.
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Herndon, California
Coordinates: 36°50′12″N 119°55′03″W / 36.83667°N 119.9175°W / 36.83667; -119.9175
Herndon (formerly, Sycamore) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 9 miles (14 km) northwest of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 299 feet (91 m).
The town was originally called Sycamore in 1872. The Herndon post office opened in 1887, closed in 1893, and re-opened in 1907.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Hub, California
Hub is an unincorporated community in Kings and Fresno Counties, California. It is located near the former right-of-way of the Southern Pacific Railroad 7.25 miles (12 km) north-northwest of Lemoore at the intersection of California State Route 41 and Excelsior Avenue, at an elevation of 233 feet (71 m). The only business in the rural community is a beer bar called "The Hub."
Hub is an unincorporated community in Kings and Fresno Counties, California. It is located near the former right-of-way of the Southern Pacific Railroad 7.25 miles (12 km) north-northwest of Lemoore at the intersection of California State Route 41 and Excelsior Avenue, at an elevation of 233 feet (71 m). The only business in the rural community is a restaurant with a full bar called "The Hub."
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Huron, California
Huron is a small city in Fresno County, California, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,754, up from 6,306 at the 2000 census. During the harvest season, the population swells to over 15,000 people due to the influx of migrant farm workers. Huron is located 15 miles (24 km) east-northeast of Coalinga, at an elevation of 374 feet (114 m). Huron was the city with the highest proportion of Hispanic or Latino in the United States; according to the 2000 United States Census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2), all of it land.
The community of Huron was founded in 1888 as a water stop along the Union Pacific Railroad’s western route, approximately 15 miles northeast of Coalinga. One of the first structures in the community was the Huron Post Office which operated from 1877 to 1883 and then from 1886 to the present. Huron became a boomtown in the early 20th century and has grown steadily ever since.
Joseph Mouren and his family were largely responsible for the expansion of the community of Huron in the late 19th century and fueled the city's growth into the 20th century by investment. Mouren Drive was named after Joseph Mouren, who is considered by many to be one of the city's founding fathers. In the early 20th century, Huron became one of the largest producers of wool in the nation.
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis /ˌɪndiəˈnæpɵlɨs/ (abbreviated Indy /ˈɪndi/) is the capital of the US state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 829,718. It is Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S. Census, is the 12th largest city in the U.S., the second largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also one of the fastest growing regions in the United States.
For much of its history, Indianapolis has oriented itself around government and industry, particularly manufacturing. Today, Indianapolis has a much more diversified economy, contributing to the fields of education, health care, and finance. Tourism is also a vital part of the economy of Indianapolis, and the city plays host to numerous conventions and sporting events. Of these, perhaps the most well known is the annual Indianapolis 500 and the NHRA U.S. Nationals. Other major sporting events include the Brickyard 400 and the Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments. 2012 marked the first time Indianapolis hosted the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVI was played at Lucas Oil Stadium, on February 5, 2012 in Downtown Indianapolis. Also held in Lucas Oil Stadium is the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships.
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Ingle, California
Coordinates: 36°43′17″N 120°15′24″W / 36.72139°N 120.25667°W / 36.72139; -120.25667
Ingle is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 7.25 miles (11.7 km) east-southeast of Mendota, at an elevation of 164 feet (50 m).
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Irvine, California
Irvine ( /ˈɜrvaɪn/ UR-vyn) is a suburban incorporated city in Orange County, California, United States. It is a planned city, mainly developed by the Irvine Company since the 1960s. Formally incorporated on December 28, 1971, the 66 square miles (170 km2) city has a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census. However, the California Department of Finance estimates its 2012 population to be 223,729. It has annexed in the past an undeveloped area to the north, and has also annexed the former El Toro Marine Corps Air Station, most of which is planned to be converted into the Orange County Great Park.
Because of its good schools, jobs, and housing, the city was chosen in 2008 by CNNMoney.com as the fourth best place to live in the United States; in September 2011, Businessweek listed Irvine as the 5th best city in the US. In June 2010, the Federal Bureau of Investigation reported that Irvine had the lowest violent crime rate among cities in the United States with populations of more than 100,000, and in August 2008 the Census Bureau ranked Irvine as having the seventh highest median income among cities in the United States with populations of more than 65,000.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Ivesta, California
Coordinates: 36°43′19″N 119°38′11″W / 36.72194°N 119.63639°W / 36.72194; -119.63639
Ivesta (formerly, Ive and Minneola) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 6 miles (9.7 km) east-northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 341 feet (104 m).
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Jackson, California
Jackson (formerly, Botilleas, Botilleas Spring, Bottileas, Bottle Spring, and Botellas) is the county seat of Amador County, California. The population was 4,651 at the 2010 census, up from 3,989 at the 2000 census. The city is accessible by both State Route 49 and State Route 88.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), all of it land. Jackson Creek traverses the city. Alluvial soils such as Pardee Cobbly Loam is found throughout the Jackson area.
The area was inhabited by the Northern Sierra Indians, who occupied areas along creeks, spring and seep areas, including permanent and seasonal drainages, flat ridges and terraces. Therefore, areas along watercourses are considered likely locations for prehistoric cultural resources. Permanent villages were usually placed on elevations above seasonal flood levels. Surrounding areas were used for hunting and seed, acorn, and grass gathering.
Jackson, named after Colonel Alden Jackson, was founded in 1848 around a year-round spring. Settlement of the region by American pioneers was stimulated by the discovery of gold in the Sierra foothills around 1848. The settlement was named for a local lawyer who was liked by miners named Alden Appola Moore Jackson. Although Amador County was an important mining center, its County seat of Jackson was not typical of the early gold camps. The camp grew quickly, as besides being a popular mining spot, it was also a convenient stopping place on the road from Sacramento to the Southern Mines. The camp became an important supply and transportation center for the neighboring towns, and by 1850 the population had reached an estimated 1,500. Jackson grew first as a watering hole for cattle, then as one of the earliest and most durable of the Mother Lode's hardrock mining areas.
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Jamesan, California
Coordinates: 36°43′12″N 120°12′36″W / 36.72°N 120.21°W / 36.72; -120.21
Jamesan (formerly, Jamison and Jameson) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 8 miles (13 km) west of Kerman, at an elevation of 177 feet (54 m).
Jamison post office opened in 1893, the name was changed to Jameson in 1911, and the post office closed in 1912. The name honors J.G. James, its first postmaster.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Kerman, California
Kerman (formerly, Collis) is a city at the intersection of State Route 180 and State Route 145 in Fresno County, California, USA. The population was 13,544 at the 2010 census. Kerman is located 15 miles (24 km) west of Fresno, at an elevation of 220 feet (67 m).
Around 1891, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company constructed a new line between Tracy and Fresno. A watering tank and pump on that line was the beginning of Kerman, which was christened Collis in honor of the President of the road, Collis Potter Huntington. The first inhabitant, the caretaker of the pump and tank, kept the tank full of water for the thirsty engines with their long and lumbering trains. After some months, he resigned his job, not because of the work, he said, but because it was too lonesome and he was tired of being a hermit. He said he never saw anyone but the train crews and they were always in too big a hurry to carry on a conversation.
As a speculative venture, the old and very rich Bank of California purchased a huge tract of land in every County of California. The arid, barren land around Kerman seemed to be a good venture, so that happened to be the allotment for Fresno County.
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KOND
KOND is located in the Fresno, California, area and broadcasts at 92.1 FM. It is owned by Univision, and broadcasts a Regional Mexican format.
Coordinates: 37°07′41″N 119°40′41″W / 37.128°N 119.678°W / 37.128; -119.678
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Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
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Lacjac, California
Coordinates: 36°36′42″N 119°29′02″W / 36.61167°N 119.48389°W / 36.61167; -119.48389
Lacjac is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 2 miles (3.2 km) west-northwest of Reedley, at an elevation of 348 feet (106 m).
Daniel J. Ellis built a winery and distillery in 1899 and bestowed the name from the firm Lachman & Jacobi.
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Lahore
Lahore (Punjabi: لہور, Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich history dating back over a millennium, Lahore is a main cultural centre of Pakistan. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains an economic, political, transportation, entertainment, and educational hub.
Lahore successively served as regional capital of the empires of the Shahi kingdoms in the 11th century, the Ghaznavids in the 12th century, the Ghurid State in the 12th and 13th centuries the Mughal Empire in the 16th century, the Sikh expansion in the early 19th century, and it was the capital of the Punjab region under the British Raj in the mid 19th and early 20th century. The traditional capital of Punjab for a thousand years, Lahore was the cultural center of the northern Indian subcontinent which extends from the eastern banks of the Indus River to New Delhi. Mughal structures such as the Badshahi Mosque, the Lahore Fort, Shalimar Gardens, and the mausolea of Jehangir and Nur Jehan are tourist attractions. Lahore is also home to many British colonial structures built in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the Lahore High Court, the General Post Office, Lahore Museum and many older universities including the University of the Punjab. The Lahore Zoo, thought to be the fourth oldest in the world, is also situated here.
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Lakeport, California
Lakeport (formerly, Forbestown, Rocky Point, Stony Point, and Tuckertown) is an incorporated city and county seat of Lake County, California. Lakeport is located on the west shore of Clear Lake, at an elevation of 1355 feet (413 m). The population was 4,753 at the 2010 census, down from 4,820 at the time of the 2000 census.
Lakeport was first settled by Native Americans several thousand years ago. At the coming of the settlers, the Kabe-napos, a subtribe of the Pomo people, lived here within their main village. The village name was Kaci-Badon, after the water lily plant Kaci and badon which was the native name for island.
The first business in Lakeport was established in 1855. Goods were traded to the natives for their wares and baskets. The business was run by a man named Johnson, but he did not have a store location. The first shop built in the Lakeport area was constructed by Dr. Boynton.
It was William Forbes and James Parrish, however, who created the first shop in the main Lakeport area. Parish was a blacksmith and Forbes was a wagon maker. Forbes was also a pioneer undertaker. It was this investment as well as the land grant Forbes bestowed upon the county, which earned Lakeport its first name: Forbestown.
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Lamont, California
Lamont is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Lamont is located 9 miles (14 km) south-southeast of downtown Bakersfield, at an elevation of 404 feet (123 m). The population was 15,120 at the 2010 census, up from 13,296 at the 2000 census.
Lamont is located at 35°15′35″N 118°54′51″W / 35.25972°N 118.91417°W / 35.25972; -118.91417.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.6 square miles (12 km2), of which, 4.6 square miles (12 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.65%) is water.
Lamont was founded in 1923. The first post office opened in 1947.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Lamont had a population of 15,120. The population density was 3,268.6 people per square mile (1,262.0/km²). The racial makeup of Lamont was 6,677 (44.2%) White, 130 (0.9%) African American, 230 (1.5%) Native American, 72 (0.5%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 7,351 (48.6%) from other races, and 651 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,293 persons (94.5%).
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Lanare, California
Lanare is a community and census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 589 at the 2010 census, up from 540 at the 2000 census. Lanare is located 24 miles (39 km) south-southwest of Fresno, at an elevation of 207 feet (63 m). The name is derived from Llewellyn A. Nares, the community developer.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
The name honors Llewellyn A. Nares, who owned the Rancho Laguna de Tache Mexican land grant. A post office operated at Lanare from 1912 to 1925. The Laton and Western Railway was built to Lanare in 1911.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Lanare had a population of 589. The population density was 291.8 people per square mile (112.7/km²). The racial makeup of Lanare was 181 (30.7%) White, 57 (9.7%) African American, 5 (0.8%) Native American, 2 (0.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 300 (50.9%) from other races, and 44 (7.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 519 persons (88.1%).
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Las Vegas, Nevada
Las Vegas (/lɑːs ˈveɪɡəs/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Nevada and the county seat of Clark County. Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city for gambling, shopping, and fine dining. The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World, and is famous for its consolidated casino–hotels and associated entertainment. A growing retirement and family city, Las Vegas is the 28th-most populous city in the United States, with a population at the 2010 census of 583,756. The 2010 population of the Las Vegas metropolitan area was 1,951,269.
Established in 1905, Las Vegas was incorporated as a city in 1911. At the close of the 20th century, Las Vegas was the most populous American city founded in that century (a distinction held by Chicago in the 19th century). The city's tolerance for various forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City, and this image has made Las Vegas a popular setting for films and television programs. There are numerous outdoor lighting displays on Fremont Street, as well as elsewhere in the city.
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Lathrop, California
Lathrop is a city located in San Joaquin County, California. At the 2010 census Lathrop’s population was 18,023. The city is located in Northern California at the intersection of I-5 and 120 freeways.
Lathrop is located at 37°49′1″N 121°17′19″W / 37.81694°N 121.28861°W / 37.81694; -121.28861 (37.816904, -121.288633). The San Joaquin River is on the east side of Lathrop and has elevation of 20 feet (7 m).
Neighboring towns include Manteca, Ripon and Tracy.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers an area of 23.0 square miles (60 km2), 21.9 square miles (57 km2) of it land, and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km2) of it (4.79%) water.
The Mayor of Lathrop is J "Chaka" Santos. He was elected in 2010 and his term ends in 2012. The current City Council is composed of Vice-Mayor Christopher Mateo, Councilmember Sonny Dhaliwal, Councilmember Martha Salcedo, and Councilmember Omar Ornelas.
Lathrop made history in December of 2010 by appointing Omar Ornelas, 19 at the time, to fill a vacancy on the council. Ornelas came in third in that years election and when the winning councilmember resigned the position the current council elected to appoint Ornelas. Omar is a full time student studying Political Science. He currents attends San Joaquin Delta College and is set to transfer in the Fall of 2012. His term runs until 2014.
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Laton, California
Laton (/ˈleɪtən/) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 1,824 at the 2010 census, up from 1,236 at the 2000 census. Laton is located 23 miles (37 km) south-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 259 feet (79 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2), all of it land.
Laton's first post office opened in 1900, having been transferred from Lillis. The name honors Charles A. Laton, who owned the Rancho Laguna de Tache Mexican land grant.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Laton had a population of 1,824. The population density was 941.5 people per square mile (363.5/km²). The racial makeup of Laton was 1,001 (54.9%) White, 4 (0.2%) African American, 13 (0.7%) Native American, 10 (0.5%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 744 (40.8%) from other races, and 52 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,393 persons (76.4%).
The Census reported that 1,824 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
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Lemoore, California
Lemoore (formerly, La Tache and Lee Moore's) is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is located 7.5 miles (12 km) west-southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of 230 feet (70 m). It is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 24,531 at the 2010 Census. The California Department of Finance estimated that Lemoore's population was 24,815 on January 1, 2012.
Lemoore is located at 36°18′03″N 119°46′58″W / 36.30083°N 119.78278°W / 36.30083; -119.78278.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.5 square miles (22 km2), all of it land.
The James Oliveira Cinematography District was formed in 1990 and recently established to bring about promising futures to youths ranging in ages between 18 and 25. This program established by James Oliveira will seek to promote interest in the field of cinematography. James Oliveira graduated from Lemoore High School and boasts a film studies degree.
The Sarah A. Mooney Memorial Museum is a Victorian house museum that was built in 1893 by Aaron and Sarah Mooney. The home is decorated in the Victorian period, with many of the pieces in the house donated by local families. It is also the headquarters of the mixed martial arts organization Tachi Palace Fights.
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Lerona, California
Coordinates: 37°07′46″N 119°25′52″W / 37.12944°N 119.43111°W / 37.12944; -119.43111
Lerona is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 6.5 miles (10 km) west-northwest of Shaver Lake Heights, at an elevation of 2789 feet (850 m).
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Letcher, California
Coordinates: 36°54′28″N 119°31′06″W / 36.90778°N 119.51833°W / 36.90778; -119.51833
Letcher is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located 12 miles (19 km) east-southeast of Clovis, at an elevation of 610 feet (186 m). Letcher still appeared on maps as of 1923.
A post office operated at Letcher from 1886 to 1915. The name honors F.F. Letcher, county supervisor.
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Levis, California
Coordinates: 36°37′25″N 120°24′23″W / 36.62361°N 120.40639°W / 36.62361; -120.40639
Levis is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 9 miles (14 km) west-southwest of Tranquillity, at an elevation of 210 feet (64 m).
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Lillis, California
Coordinates: 36°26′18″N 119°43′03″W / 36.43833°N 119.7175°W / 36.43833; -119.7175
Lillis (formerly, Sans Tache) is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the railroad 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Laton, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m). Lillis still appeared on maps as of 1927.
The name honors Simon C. Lillis, ranch superintendent. A post office operated at Lillis from 1890, to 1900 when the service transferred to Laton.
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Linda Halderman
Linda Halderman is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. She is a Republican representing the 29th district, encompassing parts of Fresno and Madera counties.
Linda Halderman is a board-certified General Surgeon who specializes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Halderman graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a bachelor's degree in English from the University of Illinois. She earned a Medical Degree and completed residency training at the UCSF-Fresno general surgery program.
Halderman is currently sitting on these committees in the California State Legislature:
Halderman is currently sitting on the these caucus in the California State Legislature:
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Lindsay, California
Lindsay is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 11,768 at the 2010 census. Lindsay is located southeast of Visalia and north of Porterville and is considered part of the Visalia-Porterville Metropolitan Area and the Porterville Urban Area by the United States Census Bureau.
The Yandanche tribe of Native Americans came to hunt and fish at the future site of Lindsay for centuries. Future Military Governor of California John C. Fremont passed through twice by way of the Stockton - Los Angeles Road and the later Butterfield Overland Mail route on two of his four exploration trips. Julius Orton, a seventh generation descendant of Thomas, served as security for a pack train headed for Placerville, a booming California gold mining town, motivated by his futile search for gold. In 1859, with his wife and two small daughters, and driving a small herd of cattle, walked more than 200 miles (320 km) from the coast near Sacramento, to a homestead along the Tule River, southwest of Lindsay. In the 1880s, Julius Orton homesteaded another (160 acres (0.65 km2)) piece of land bordering on the property of pioneers Lewis and John Keeley, brothers who had taken on a homestead just a few miles southwest of Lindsay in the mid 1870's.
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Locans, California
Coordinates: 36°43′25″N 119°39′47″W / 36.72361°N 119.66306°W / 36.72361; -119.66306
Locans (formerly, Logan) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 328 feet (100 m).
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Lodi, California
Lodi ( /ˈloʊdaɪ/) is a city located in San Joaquin County, California, in the northern portion of California's Central Valley. The population was 62,134 at the 2010 census. The California Department of Finance's population estimate as of January 1, 2011 is 62,473.
Lodi is best known for being the center of wine production (the "Zinfandel Capital of the World"), although its vintages have traditionally been less prestigious than those of Sonoma and Napa counties. However, in recent years, the Lodi Appellation has become increasingly respected for its Zinfandel wine and other eclectic varietals. Lodi's first national recognition comes from the Creedence Clearwater Revival song "Lodi." Nearby Woodbridge is the home of the well known winery, Woodbridge by Robert Mondavi. Mondavi grew up in Lodi, and Mondavi Winery is considered one of the most influential in the American wine industry.
Lodi gained international attention in 2005 when local residents Hamid and Umer Hayat were arrested and charged in the first terrorism trial in the state of California.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Louisville, Kentucky
Louisville (i/ˈluːiːvɪl/, local i/ˈluːəvəl/ or i/ˈlʌvəl/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kentucky, and the county seat of Jefferson County. Since 2003, the city's borders have been coterminous with those of the county because of a city-county merger. The city's total consolidated population at the 2010 census was 741,096 (Louisville's balance total, 597,337, excludes semi-autonomous towns and is the population listed in most sources and national rankings). An important internal shipping port in the 19th century, Louisville today is best known as the location of the Kentucky Derby, the first of three annual thoroughbred horse races making up the Triple Crown.
Louisville is southeasterly situated along the border between Kentucky and Indiana, the Ohio River, in north-central Kentucky at the Falls of the Ohio. The Louisville metropolitan area is often referred to as Kentuckiana because it includes counties in Southern Indiana. A resident of Louisville is referred to as a Louisvillian. Although situated in a Southern state, Louisville is influenced by both Southern and Midwestern culture. It is sometimes referred to as either one of the most northernmost Southern cities or as on of the southernmost Northern cities in the United States along with St. Louis, Missouri and Washington, D.C.
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Madera, California
Madera is a city in and the county seat of Madera County, California, United States. It is a principal city of the Madera–Chowchilla Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Madera County, and Metropolitan Fresno. It is located in California's San Joaquin Valley. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 61,416, up from 43,207 at the 2000 census. The City of Madera is home to the Madera Unified School District.
Madera is located at 36°57′41″N 120°03′39″W / 36.96139°N 120.06083°W / 36.96139; -120.06083.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.8 square miles (41 km2), all of it land.
Madera is the location of the Madera American Viticultural Area.
38 Miles east of Madera is the geographic center of California. Geographic centers of the United States
Average January temperatures are a maximum of 53.9 °F (12.2 °C) and a minimum of 35.9 °F (2.2 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 98.3 °F (36.8 °C) and a minimum of 61.4 °F (16.3 °C). Annually, there are an average of 105.2 days with highs of 90°F (32°C) or higher and an average of 30.8 days with lows of 32°F (0°C) or lower. The record high temperature was 116 °F (47 °C) on July 13, 1961. The record low temperature was 15 °F (−9 °C) on January 10, 1949.
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Malaga, California
Malaga (formerly, Tokay) is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California. It is located 6 miles (9.7 km) south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 295 feet (90 m). As of the 2010 census, Malaga had a population of 947.
The post office, originally named Tokay, opened in 1886 and was renamed Malaga later that year. The post office closed in 1964, and reopened in 1965. The town was named for the Malaga grape.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Malaga had a population of 947. The population density was 3,457.2 people per square mile (1,334.8/km²). The racial makeup of Malaga was 418 (44.1%) White, 12 (1.3%) African American, 15 (1.6%) Native American, 11 (1.2%) Asian, 2 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 464 (49.0%) from other races, and 25 (2.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 891 persons (94.1%).
The Census reported that 947 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Manteca, California
Manteca is a city in San Joaquin County, California, USA. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 67,096.
Manteca is a city in the Central Valley of California, 76 miles east of San Francisco. It was founded in 1861 by Joshua Cowell. Cowell claimed around 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) and built houses on what is now the corner of Main and Yosemite where Bank of America now stands. In 1873, the Central Pacific Railroad laid track directly through the area. The residents wanted to refer to their new train station as "Cowell Station", but there was already a Cowell Station near Tracy. So, the residents agreed to change the name of the community, choosing "Monteca" as the new name. This was misprinted as "Manteca" (Spanish for lard) by the railroad, and the misspelled version was eventually accepted as the name of the town. Hence in 1918, Manteca was incorporated as a city and Joshua Cowell became its first mayor.
Manteca fashions itself the "Family City", and it lies at a crossroads of major highways and railroads. As recently as the 1970s Manteca existed primarily on agriculture, and was still barely a stop between two freeways, Interstate 5 and State Route 99. The continuing rise in bay area housing prices caused Bay Area residents to look further eastward for cheaper places to live. Since the construction of the 120 bypass portion of State Route 120, Manteca has become a popular choice for these commuters. The 1990s saw an increase in the city's population, and the construction of its third high school, the first two being Manteca High School and East Union High School. The population of Manteca continues to increase, with some housing being constructed on what was once farmland to the north and southeast.
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Mariposa, California
Mariposa (formerly Logtown) is a census-designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 2,173 at the 2010 census, up from 1,373 at the 2000 census. Its name is Spanish for "butterfly", after the flocks of Monarchs seen overwintering there by early explorers.
Mariposa is located at 37°29′06″N 119°57′59″W / 37.485°N 119.96639°W / 37.485; -119.96639, at 1,949 feet (594 m) in elevation. It lies in the rugged foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Mariposa Creek flows through the town.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33 km2), all but 0.23% of it land.
Mariposa County includes much of Yosemite National Park, and a good deal of the local economy is related to the Park and to tourism. The county courthouse, constructed in 1854, is the oldest in continuous use west of the Rockies. Tours are available.
The county lies at the southern end of the Mother Lode, and Europeans were attracted to Mariposa by gold. During the 19th century California Gold Rush, its streams were panned and deep mines worked the underground veins. At one time John C. Frémont lived here and owned claims to much of the mineral wealth of Mariposa. He later was the first United States Senator from the state, and the first Republican candidate for President.
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Martinez, California
Martinez (/mɑrˈtiːnɨs/ mar-TEE-niss or /mɑrˈtiːnɛz/ mar-TEE-nezz; Spanish: Martínez, meaning: Martinson) is a city and the county seat of Contra Costa County, California, United States. The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census. The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings. Martinez is located on the south side of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area, directly facing the city of Benicia.
In 1824 the Alhambra Valley was included in the Rancho El Pinole Mexican land grant to Ygnacio Martínez. In 1847, Dr. Robert Semple contracted to provide ferry service from Martinez to Benicia, which for many years was the only crossing on the Carquinez Strait. By 1849, Martínez served as a way station for the California Gold Rush. The town was laid out in 1849 by Col. William M. Smith and named for Martinez. It became the county seat in 1850, but could not incorporate at the time because it lacked the 200 registered voters required, and only became a city in 1876.
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Mashhad
Mashhad (Persian: مشهد) is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located 850 kilometres (530 mi) east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its population was 2,427,316 at the 2006 population census. It was a major oasis along the ancient Silk Road connecting with Merv in the East.
Now Mashhad is notably known as the resting place of the Imam Reza. A shrine was later built there to commemorate the Imam, which in turn gave rise to increasing demographic development.
Mashhad is also known as the city of Ferdowsi, the Iranian poet of Shahnameh, which is considered to be the national epic of Iran.
The city is located at 36.20º North latitude and 59.35º East longitude, in the valley of the Kashaf River near Turkmenistan, between the two mountain ranges of Binalood and Hezar-masjed. The city benefits from the proximity of the mountains, having cool winters, pleasant springs, mild summers, and beautiful autumns. It is only about 250 km (160 mi) from Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.
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Mattei, California
Coordinates: 36°42′01″N 119°41′30″W / 36.70028°N 119.69167°W / 36.70028; -119.69167
Mattei is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 2.5 miles (4 km) east-northeast of Malaga, at an elevation of 315 feet (96 m).
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McMullin, California
Coordinates: 36°39′27″N 119°58′08″W / 36.6575°N 119.96889°W / 36.6575; -119.96889
McMullin is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 12.5 miles (20 km) southwest of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 226 feet (69 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.
Memphis had a population of 662,897 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee, the third largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 20th largest in the United States. The greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2010 population of 1,316,100. This makes Memphis the second largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed only by metropolitan Nashville, which has overtaken Memphis in recent years. Memphis is the youngest of Tennessee's major cities. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as the "Mid-South".
Because it occupies a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis is a natural location for settlement. The area was first settled by the Mississippian Culture and then by the Chickasaw Indian tribe. For 10,000 years they occupied the bluffs along the river, building a large mound on the bluff. European exploration came later, beginning in the 16th century with Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle.
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Mendota, California
Mendota is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 11,014 at the 2010 census. The State Routes 180 and 33 run through the agricultural city. Mendota is located 8.5 miles (14 km) south-southeast of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km2), over 99% of it land. At the 2000 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2), all of it land. It is located next to the San Joaquin River, near where the Delta-Mendota Canal intercepts it to bring extra water to the dry riverbed.
Beginning in 1891, Mendota thrived as a Southern Pacific Railroad storage and switching facility site. Southern Pacific management borrowed the name from Mendota, Illinois. The first post office opened in 1892. The city incorporated in 1942, and is mostly recognized for its immense production of cantaloupes. Appropriately, the city of Mendota is identified as The Cantaloupe Center of the World. State water projects brought irrigation to the region, setting the stage for the tremendous growth of agriculture.
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Merced, California
Merced /mərˈsɛd/ is a city in, and the county seat of, Merced County, California in the San Joaquin Valley of Northern California. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 78,958. Incorporated in 1889, Merced is a charter city that operates under a council-manager government. It is named after the Merced River, which flows nearby.
Merced, known as the "Gateway to Yosemite," is less than two hours by automobile from Yosemite National Park to the east and Monterey Bay, the Pacific Ocean, and several beaches to the west. The community is served by the rail passenger service Amtrak, a major airline through Merced Regional Airport, and three bus lines. It is approximately 110 miles (180 km) from Sacramento, 130 miles (210 km) from San Francisco, 45 miles (72 km) from Fresno, and 270 miles (430 km) from Los Angeles.
In 2005, the city became home to the tenth University of California campus, University of California, Merced (UCM), the first research university built in the U.S. in the 21st century.
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Mesa, Arizona
Mesa ( /ˈmɛsə/ MES-ə) is a city in Maricopa County, in the U.S. state of Arizona and is a suburb located about 20 miles (32 km) east of Phoenix. Mesa is in the East Valley section of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area. It is bordered by Tempe on the west, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler and Gilbert on the south, and Apache Junction on the east. As of the 2010 Census Mesa became Arizona's center of population.
Mesa is the third-largest city in Arizona, after Phoenix and Tucson, the 38th-largest city and largest suburb in the US[clarification needed]. Despite being home to 439,041 as of 2010, reported by the Census Bureau, making its population larger than more recognizable cities such as Atlanta, Miami, Minneapolis, St. Louis, and Cleveland, Note that the city of Mesa 132.93 sq mi whereas the cities of Miami (35.68 sq mi), Minneapolis (54.9 sq mi), St. Louis (61.9 sq mi), and Cleveland (77.6 sq mi) are much smaller in terms of land area. If these cities were 133 sq. miles, their populations would be much larger. Minneapolis, for example, would have a population of over 761,000 in 132.9 sq. miles. Mesa is decidedly a bedroom community. Mesa is home to the Polytechnic campus of Arizona State University.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Miley, California
Coordinates: 36°37′20″N 119°32′49″W / 36.62222°N 119.54694°W / 36.62222; -119.54694
Miley is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 5 miles (8 km) northeast of Selma, at an elevation of 341 feet (104 m).
A post office operated at Miley from 1899 to 1902. The name honors Julian J. Miley, its first postmaster.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
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Minkler, California
Minkler is a census-designated place in eastern Fresno County, California. It is located on Highway 180, 2.25 miles (3.6 km) east-southeast of Centerville, at an elevation of 397 feet (121 m). It has a population of 1,003 people. The town is named for Charles O. Minkler, a local farmer.
Minkler made headlines in February 2010 for a police shootout that took the lives of Fresno County Sheriff's Deputy Joel Whalenmair and Reedley Police Department officer Javier Bejar, as well as the shooter, Rick Liles.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Minkler had a population of 1,003. The population density was 171.1 people per square mile (66.0/km²). The racial makeup of Minkler was 818 (81.6%) White, 4 (0.4%) African American, 20 (2.0%) Native American, 23 (2.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 108 (10.8%) from other races, and 30 (3.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 302 persons (30.1%).
The Census reported that 1,003 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
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Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation:i/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.
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Modesto, California
Modesto is a city in, and is the county seat of, Stanislaus County, California. With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census, Modesto ranks as the 18th largest city in the state of California.
Modesto is located in the central valley area of Northern California, 90 miles north of Fresno, 92 miles east of San Francisco, 68 miles south of the state capital of Sacramento,66 miles west of Yosemite National Park, and 24 miles south of Stockton. Modesto, a 29-time Tree City USA honoree, is surrounded by rich farmland, lending to a ranking for the county as 6th among all California counties in farm production. Led by milk, almonds, chickens, cattle, and walnuts, the county grossed nearly $2.5 billion in agricultural production in 2007.
Locally, Modesto is home to the critically acclaimed Gallo Center for the Arts, Prospect Theater Project, The Modesto Symphony Orchestra, The State Theater, the Modesto Nuts (a Colorado Rockies MLB affiliate), the Amgen Tour of California, and the Modesto Christian High School 2009 State Championship Football Team. The Xclamation Festival (X-Fest), has become the city’s largest entertainment and cultural gathering, recently celebrating its 10th year. The event in 2009 had an estimated 16,000 attendees enjoy music and food on the streets of downtown Modesto. Modesto also encompasses various cultural and social diverse schools. Among the oldest are Modesto Junior College (MJC), Thomas Downey High School, Grace M. Davis High School, and Modesto High School (MHS), being the oldest high school in Modesto. Embodies a rigorous academic and physical curriculum for students such as the International Baccalaureate program, AVID, and more.
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Monmouth, California
Monmouth is a census-designated place in Fresno County, California. It is located 7.25 miles (12 km) west of Selma, at an elevation of 276 feet (84 m). At the 2010 census, Monmouth had a population of 152.
Officials of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad named the place after Monmouth, Illinois.
A post office operated at Monmouth from 1908 to 1919.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Monmouth had a population of 152. The population density was 493.4 people per square mile (190.5/km²). The racial makeup of Monmouth was 82 (53.9%) White, 6 (3.9%) African American, 1 (0.7%) Native American, 5 (3.3%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 47 (30.9%) from other races, and 11 (7.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 107 persons (70.4%).
The Census reported that 152 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 42 households, out of which 16 (38.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 15 (35.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1 (2.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 4 (9.5%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 0 (0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2 households (4.8%) were made up of individuals and 0 (0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.62. There were 37 families (88.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.70.
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Murrieta, California
Murrieta is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States. The population of Murrieta was 103,466 at the 2010 census. Murrieta experienced over a 100% population increase between 2000 and 2010 according to the most recent census, making Murrieta one of the fastest growing cities in the state. Largely residential in character, Murrieta is largely a commuter town, with many of its residents commuting to jobs in San Diego County, Orange County, the more commercialized neighboring city of Temecula to the south, and Camp Pendleton.
Murrieta is bordered by Temecula to the south and the newly incorporated cities of Menifee and Wildomar to the north. With neighboring Temecula, Murrieta forms the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region. It is almost equidistant to San Diego, Los Angeles, and Orange County, California.
Murrieta is distinct from Rancho Murieta, a census-designated place (CDP) and guard-gated community in Sacramento County, California, United States. Esequial Murrieta is credited with founding Murrieta. He is unrelated to Southern California bandit Joaquin Murrieta.
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Muscatel, California
Coordinates: 36°47′34″N 119°51′34″W / 36.79278°N 119.85944°W / 36.79278; -119.85944
Muscatel is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 4.5 miles (7.2 km) west-northwest of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 299 feet (91 m).
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Napa, California
Napa is the county seat of Napa County, California. It is the principal city of the Napa county Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses Napa county. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 76,915. The area was settled in the 1830s. It was incorporated as a city in 1872.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2). 17.8 square miles (46 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (1.69%) is water. The Napa River traverses the city on its journey to the San Pablo Bay. The city has conducted a variety of waterfront development along the banks of the river including certain fill operations governed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers regulations. The Napa River Flood Project has been in progress since the late 1990s with the goal of mitigating the risk of flooding along a 6-mile (9.7 km) stretch of the River and 1-mile (1.6 km) of Napa Creek.
Napa has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with cool, wet winters and very warm, dry summers. In January, average temperatures range from 58.5 °F (14.7 °C) to 38.9 °F (3.8 °C). In July, average temperatures range from 82.1 °F (27.8 °C) to 55.0 °F (12.8 °C). There are an average of 25.3 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 6.4 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record high temperature was 113 °F (45 °C) on June 14, 1961. The record low temperature was 14 °F (−10 °C) on December 22, 1990.
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Nares, California
Coordinates: 36°32′12″N 120°06′02″W / 36.53667°N 120.10056°W / 36.53667; -120.10056
Nares is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 0.5 miles (0.80 km) northwest of Helm, at an elevation of 187 feet (57 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1925.
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Nashville, Tennessee
Nashville is the capital of Tennessee and the county seat of Davidson County. It is located on the Cumberland River in the north-central part of the state. The city is a center for the health care, publishing, banking and transportation industries, and is home to a large number of colleges and universities. It is most notably known as a center of the music industry, earning it the nickname "Music City".
Nashville has a consolidated city–county government which includes seven smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. As of the 2010 census the population of the city of Nashville, not including the semi-independent municipalities, stood at 601,222. The population of Davidson County as a whole, including all municipalities, was 626,681. Nashville is the second largest city in Tennessee, after Memphis, and the fourth largest city in the Southeastern United States. The 2010 population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area was 1,589,934, making it the largest Metropolitan Statistical Area in the state. The 2010 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area, a larger trade area, was 1,670,890.
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Nevills, California
Coordinates: 36°44′47″N 119°54′12″W / 36.74639°N 119.90333°W / 36.74639; -119.90333
Nevills is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 6.5 miles (10 km) west of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 262 feet (80 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Northern California
Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. The San Francisco Bay Area (which includes the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and the largest city of the region, San Jose), and Sacramento (the state capital) as well as its metropolitan area are the main population centers. It also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada including Yosemite Valley and Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and the northern half of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.
The area also contains one of the 11 megaregions of the United States, spanning from the San Francisco Bay Area east to the Lake Tahoe-Reno area, and from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento.
Native Americans arrived in Northern California at least as early as 8,000 to 5,000 BC and perhaps even much before, and successive waves of arrivals led to one of the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries, did not establish European settlements in Northern California. In 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County.
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Norwalk, California
Norwalk is a suburban city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 105,549 at the 2010 census, up from 103,298 at the 2000 census, making it the 58th most populous city in California and the 255th nationally.
Founded in the late 19th century, Norwalk was incorporated in as a city in 1957. It is located 17 miles (27 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles, and 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Garden Grove.
Norwalk operates under a Council/Manager form of government, established by the Charter of the City of Norwalk which was drafted in 1957. The five-member City Council acts as the City's chief policy-making body. Every two years, Councilmembers are elected by the citizens of Norwalk to serve four-year, overlapping terms. Councilmembers are not limited to the number of terms they may serve. The Mayor is selected by the Council and serves a one-year term.
Norwalk is a member of the Gateway Cities Council of Governments. Norwalk's sister cities are Morelia, Michoacán, and Hermosillo, Sonora, in Mexico.[1]
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Oakdale, California
Oakdale is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States. It is part of the Modesto Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was founded in 1871 when the Stockton & Visalia Railroad met the Copperopolis Railroad. Oakdale goes by the slogan "Cowboy Capital of the World." The population was 20,675 at the 2010 census, up from 15,503 at the 2000 census.
The city is located in the east-central portion of the Central Valley, adjacent to the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. California State Routes 108 and 120 (Tioga Pass Road) intersect in the city.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.1 square miles (16 km2), of which 6.0 square miles (16 km2) is land and 0.05 square miles (0.13 km2) (0.81%) is water.
The National Weather Service has maintained a cooperative weather station at Woodward Dam for many years. In January, average temperatures are a maximum of 52.4°F (11.33°C) and a minimum of 35.1°F (1.72°C). In July, average temperatures are a maximum of 102.8°F (39.33°C) and a minimum of 58.4°F (14.67°C). The record high temperature was 114°F (45.56°C) on July 18, 1925. The record low temperature was 12°F (-11.11°C) on December 11, 1932. Annually, there are an average of 84.6 days with highs of 90°F (32°C) or higher and an average of 30.8 days with lows of 32°F (0°C) or lower.
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Oakland, California
Oakland ( /ˈoʊklənd/) is a major West Coast port city on San Francisco Bay in the U.S. state of California. It is the eighth-largest city in the state and the 47th-largest in the U.S. with a population of 390,724 according to the 2010 census. Incorporated in 1852, Oakland is the county seat of Alameda County and is a central hub city for a region of the San Francisco Bay Area known as the East Bay. The city lies directly across the bay from San Francisco.
Oakland's territory covers what was once a mosaic of coastal terrace prairie, oak woodland, and north coastal scrub. Oakland served as a rich resource when its hillside oak and redwood timber were logged to build San Francisco, and Oakland's fertile flatland soils helped it become a prolific agricultural region. During the California Gold Rush, Oakland became the main staging post for passengers and cargo journeying between the Bay Area and the Sierra foothills. In the late 1860s, Oakland was selected as the western terminal of the Transcontinental Railroad. It continued to grow into the 20th century with its busy port, shipyards, and a thriving automobile industry. Following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many San Franciscans left that city's destruction, and a great number of Oakland's homes were built during the 1910s and 1920s. An extensive streetcar network connected most of Oakland's neighbourhoods to inter-city rail lines, most of whose routes continue as bus lines today. Ferry lines connected Oakland to San Francisco and other cities.
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Ockenden, California
Coordinates: 37°05′20″N 119°19′03″W / 37.08889°N 119.3175°W / 37.08889; -119.3175
Ockenden is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 1.25 miles (2.0 km) south of Shaver Lake Heights, at an elevation of 5568 feet (1697 m).
A post office operated at Ockenden from 1893 to 1918. The name commemorates Thomas J. Ockenden, its first postmaster.
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Oildale, California
Oildale (formerly, Waits and North Side) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Kern County, California, United States. Oildale is located 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-northwest of downtown Bakersfield, at an elevation of 469 feet (143 m). The population was 32,684 at the 2010 census, up from 27,885 at the 2000 census. It is an unincorporated suburban town just north of Bakersfield across the Kern River, west of the Kern River Oilfield, and east of Highway 99.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6.5 square miles (16.8 km2), all of it land.
Oildale is adjacent to three large oil fields, including two of the largest in California. The enormous Kern River Oil Field to the east and northeast has more active oil wells (9,183 at the end of 2006) than any other field in California except for the Midway-Sunset Oil Field in southwestern Kern County (which has 11,145). Also adjacent is the huge Kern Front Oil Field, north of town, and the smaller Fruitvale Oil Field, to the southwest.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Oleander, California
Coordinates: 36°38′04″N 119°45′18″W / 36.63444°N 119.755°W / 36.63444; -119.755
Oleander is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 9 miles (14 km) south-southeast of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 285 feet (87 m).
A post office operated at Oleander from 1881 to 1935, moving in 1899. The name honors its first postmaster, William Oleander Johnson.
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Omaha, Nebraska
Omaha /ˈoʊməhɑː/ is the largest city in the state of Nebraska, United States, and is the county seat of Douglas County. It is located in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River, about 20 miles (30 km) north of the mouth of the Platte River. Omaha is the anchor of the Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area, which includes Council Bluffs, Iowa, across the Missouri River from Omaha.
According to the 2010 Census, Omaha's population was 408,958, making it the nation's 42nd-largest city. Including its suburbs, Omaha formed the 60th-largest metropolitan area in the United States in 2010, with an estimated population of 877,110 residing in eight counties. There are more than 1.2 million residents within a 50-mile (80-km) radius of the city's center, forming the Greater Omaha area.
Omaha's pioneer period began in 1854 when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs, Iowa. The city was founded along the Missouri River, and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname, the "Gateway to the West." It introduced this new West to the world when in 1898 it played host to the World's Fair, dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. During the 19th century, Omaha's central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the transportation and jobbing sectors were important in the city, along with its railroads and breweries. In the 20th century, the Omaha Stockyards, once the world's largest, and its meatpacking plants, gained international prominence.
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Ontario, California
Ontario is a city located in south west San Bernardino County, California, United States, 35 miles east of downtown Los Angeles. Located in the western part of the Inland Empire region, it lies just east of the Los Angeles county line and is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 163,924, down from 170,373 at the 2000 census, making it the county's fourth most populous city after San Bernardino, Fontana, and Rancho Cucamonga.
The city is home to the LA/Ontario International Airport which is the 15th busiest cargo airport in the United States. Ontario handles the mass of freight traffic between the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach and the rest of the country. It is also the home of Ontario Mills and former home of the Ontario Motor Speedway.
It takes its name from the Ontario Model Colony development established in 1882 by the Canadian engineer George Chaffey and his brothers William Chaffey and Charles Chaffey. They named the settlement after their home province of Ontario, Canada.
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Ora, California
Coordinates: 36°09′05″N 120°19′36″W / 36.15139°N 120.32667°W / 36.15139; -120.32667
Ora is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2 miles (3.2 km) east-northeast of Coalinga, at an elevation of 643 feet (196 m).
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Orange, California
The city of Orange is located in Orange County, California. It is approximately 3 miles (4.8 kilometers) north of the county seat, Santa Ana. Orange is unusual in that many of the homes in its Old Town District were built prior to 1920; whereas many other cities in the region demolished such houses in the 1960s, Orange decided to preserve them. The small affluent city of Villa Park is surrounded by the city of Orange. The population was 136,416 at the 2010 census.
Members of the Tongva and Juaneño/Luiseño ethnic group long inhabited this area. After the 1769 expedition of Gaspar de Portolà, an expedition out of San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico, led by Father Junípero Serra, named the area Vallejo de Santa Ana (Valley of Saint Anne). On November 1, 1776, Mission San Juan Capistrano became the area's first permanent European settlement in Alta California, New Spain.
In 1801, the Spanish Empire granted 62,500 acres (253 km2) to José Antonio Yorba, which he named Rancho San Antonio. Yorba's great rancho included the lands where the cities of Olive, Orange, Villa Park, Santa Ana, Tustin, Costa Mesa and Newport Beach stand today. Smaller ranchos evolved from this large rancho, including the Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana.
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Oro Loma, California
Coordinates: 36°53′27″N 120°41′26″W / 36.89083°N 120.69056°W / 36.89083; -120.69056
Oro Loma is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 13 miles (21 km) west of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 174 feet (53 m).
A post office operated at Oro Loma from 1914 to 1929.
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Oroville, California
Oroville (formerly, Ophir City) is the county seat of Butte County, California. The population was 15,506 at the 2010 census, up from 13,004 at the 2000 census. The Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California is headquartered here.
Oroville is situated on the banks of the Feather River where it flows out of the Sierra Nevada onto the flat floor of the California Central Valley. It was established as the head of navigation on the Feather River to supply gold miners during the California Gold Rush.
The town was originally called Ophir City; the name was changed to Oroville when the first post office opened in 1854.
Gold found at Bidwell Bar, one of the first gold mining sites in California, brought thousands of prospectors to the Oroville area seeking riches. Now under the enormous Lake Oroville, Bidwell Bar is memorialized by the Bidwell Bar Bridge, an original remnant from the area and the first suspension bridge in California (California Historical Landmark #314). In the early 20th century the Western Pacific Railroad completed construction of the all-weather Feather River Canyon route through the Sierra Nevadas giving it the nickname of "The Feather River Route". Oroville would serve as an important stop for the famous California Zephyr during its 20 year run. In 1983, this became a part of the Union Pacific Railroad as their Feather River Canyon Subdivision. A major highway, State Route 70, roughly parallels the railroad line through the canyon.
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Oxalis, California
Coordinates: 36°54′43″N 120°33′00″W / 36.91194°N 120.55°W / 36.91194; -120.55
Oxalis is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 6.5 miles (10 km) northwest of Firebaugh, at an elevation of 138 feet (42 m).
Officials of the railroad bestowed the name Oxalis, which is the Latin name for wood sorrel.
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Oxnard, California
Oxnard ( /ˈɒksnɑrd/) is a city in the United States, located in the state of California. Situated in the southern portion of the state, it is the 19th most populous city in California and the most populous in Ventura County. It is located at the western edge of the fertile Oxnard Plain, sitting adjacent to an agricultural center of strawberries and lima beans. Founded in 1903, it is the most populous city in the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metropolitan area. The city lies approximately 35 miles west of the Los Angeles city limits, and is part of the larger Greater Los Angeles combined statistical area. The population of Oxnard is 197,899 as of the 2010 U.S. Census.
Oxnard is also a major transportation hub in Southern California, with Amtrak, Union Pacific, Metrolink, Greyhound, and Intercalifornia stopping in Oxnard. Oxnard also has a small regional airport called Oxnard Airport (OXR).
The city is known colloquially, especially to residents, as "The 'Nard."
Before the arrival of Europeans, the area that is now Oxnard was inhabited by Chumash Native Americans. The first European to encounter the area was Portuguese explorer Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho, who claimed it for Spain in 1542. During the mission period, it was serviced by the Mission San Buenaventura, established in 1782.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Palmdale, California
Palmdale is a city located in the center of northern Los Angeles County, California, United States.
Palmdale was the first community within the Antelope Valley to incorporate as a city on August 24, 1962; 47 years later, voters approved creating a charter city in November, 2009. Palmdale is separated from Los Angeles by the San Gabriel Mountain range. Palmdale's population was 152,750 at the 2010 census, up from 116,670 as of the 2000 census. Palmdale is the 32nd most populous city in California and ranks 158th nationally. According to the Greater Antelope Valley Economic Alliance report of 2009 the Palmdale / Lancaster, CA Urbanized Area (a US Census Bureau defined term) has a population of 483,998.
Over the last 25 years this city has consistently been ranked in the top 25 fastest growing cities in the United States (based on percentage change). As of the 2010 census, the population was 152,750, sixth largest, and fastest growing city in Los Angeles County. With 106 square miles (275 km2) of land in its incorporated boundaries, the city is in the top 100 largest cities in the United States in geographic area. Palmdale is also one of the largest cities in the United States that is not currently served by either an Interstate Freeway or a U.S. Highway. Sierra Highway was at one time labeled as U.S. Highway 6 until the State of California truncated it at Bishop.
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Parlier, California
Parlier is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 9,494, down from 11,145 at the 2000 census. The city has one of the state's highest percentage of Latinos, a large majority of them are seasonal migrant laborers who arrive and temporarily work in the area's agricultural sector. Parlier is located 5.5 miles (9 km) east-southeast of Selma, at an elevation of 344 feet (105 m).
Parlier is located at 36°36'42" North, 119°31'37" West.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.2 square miles (5.7 km2), of which, 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
The town's first post office opened in 1898. The town was named for its first postmaster, I. N. Parlier. Parlier incorporated in 1921.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Parlier had a population of 14,494. The population density was 6,606.9 people per square mile (2,550.9/km²). The racial makeup of Parlier was 7,251 (50.0%) White, 85 (0.6%) African American, 180 (1.2%) Native American, 77 (0.5%) Asian, 9 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 6,387 (44.1%) from other races, and 505 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14,137 persons (97.5%).
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Pasadena, California
Pasadena ( /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Although famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is also the home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena City College (PCC), Fuller Theological Seminary, Art Center College of Design, the Pasadena Playhouse, the Norton Simon Museum of Art and the Pacific Asia Museum.
As of 2010 United States Census, the population of Pasadena was 137,122, making it the 180th-largest city in the United States, down from 168th place in 2009. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, and on June 19, 1886, became the fourth to be incorporated in Los Angeles County, after Anaheim (March 18, 1876) and Santa Ana (June 1, 1886), which were part of Los Angeles County until Orange County was formed in 1889. It is one of the primary cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley.
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Petaluma, California
Petaluma /pɛtəˈluːmə/ is a city in Sonoma County, California, in the United States. In the 2010 Census the population was 57,941.
Located in Petaluma is the Rancho Petaluma Adobe, a National Historic Landmark. It was built beginning in 1836 by General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, then Commandant of the San Francisco Presidio. It was the center of a vast 66,000 acre (270-km²) ranch stretching from Petaluma River to Sonoma Creek. The adobe is considered one of the best preserved buildings of its era in Northern California.
Petaluma is a transliteration of the Coast Miwok phrase péta lúuma which means hill backside and probably refers to Petaluma's proximity to Sonoma Mountain.
Petaluma has a well-preserved, historic city center which includes many buildings that survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Petaluma had a population of 57,941. The population density was 3,998.9 people per square mile (1,544.0/km²). The racial makeup of Petaluma was 46,566 (80.4%) White, 801 (1.4%) African American, 353 (0.6%) Native American, 2,607 (4.5%) Asian, 129 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 5,103 (8.8%) from other races, and 2,382 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12,453 persons (21.5%).
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Pete Beiden Field
Pete Beiden Field, formerly Varsity Park, is a baseball stadium on the campus of the California State University, Fresno in Fresno, California, United States. It was built in 1966. The field is the home of the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball team and named after former Fresno State baseball coach Pete Beiden. The park was redesigned in 1983 and now holds 5,757 people. Prior to the 2002 opening of Grizzlies Stadium, the park also was the home of the Fresno Grizzlies minor league baseball team of the triple-A Pacific Coast League.
Originally known as Varsity Park, the field was dedicated in 1972 to Pete Beiden, Fresno State baseball coach from 1948-1969. Beiden, who led the program to 600 wins in his 21 seasons, was inducted in 1972 into the College Baseball Coaches Association Hall of Fame.
Stadium lighting was installed in 1969 and updated in 1996. In 1983, the venue underwent a $2.2 million redesign. In 1998, a new scoreboard, PA system, and bleacher sections along both foul lines were added. In 1999, the natural grass infield was renovated. In 2004, the left field bleacher section (added in 1998) was removed to allow for indoor batting cages and a clubhouse to be built. Following the 2010 season, further renovations added a turf "halo" surrounding the infield and a new sound system.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix ( /ˈfiːnɪks/ FEE-niks; O'odham: Ski:kigk; Yavapai: Wathinka or Wakatehe; Western Apache: Fiinigis; Navajo: Hoozdoh; Mojave: Hachpa 'Anya Nyava) is the capital, and largest city, of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the sixth most populous city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,445,632 people according to the official 2010 U.S. Census Bureau data. It is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area (also known as the Valley of the Sun), and is the 12th largest metro area by population in the United States with about 4.2 million people in 2010. In addition, Phoenix is the county seat of Maricopa County, and is one of the largest cities in the United States by land area. Phoenix is the largest capital city in the United States and the only state capital with over 1,000,000 people.
Phoenix was incorporated as a city in 1881, after being founded in 1861 near the Salt River, close to the confluence with the Gila River. The city has a notable and famous political culture and has been home to numerous influential American politicians and other dignitaries, including Barry Goldwater, William Rehnquist, John McCain, Carl Hayden, and Sandra Day O'Connor. Residents of the city are known as Phoenicians.
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Piedra, California
Coordinates: 36°48′37″N 119°22′55″W / 36.81028°N 119.38194°W / 36.81028; -119.38194
Piedra (formerly, Del Piedra and Delpiedra) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the south bank of the Kings River 23 miles (37 km) east of Fresno, at an elevation of 538 feet (164 m).
In 1911, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad built a branch line to a nearby quarry and bestowed the name ("Piedra" is Spanish for "rock" or "stone").
The Delpiedra post office operated from 1920 to 1943. The Piedra post office was established in 1949.
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Pinedale, California
Coordinates: 36°50′34″N 119°47′24″W / 36.84278°N 119.79°W / 36.84278; -119.79
Pinedale is a previously unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It lies at an elevation of 348 feet (106 m). It was once a rural community six miles north of downtown Fresno but has since become surrounded and annexed by the city of Fresno. Millerton Lake State Recreational Area is to its NE. The ZIP Code is 93650, and the community is inside area code 559.
The first post office in Pinedale opened in 1923.
The community was the site of one of several temporary detention camps (also known as 'assembly centers') located throughout the West that represented the first phase of the mass incarceration of 97,785 Californians of Japanese ancestry during World War II. Pursuant to Executive Order 9066 signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, thirteen makeshift detention facilities were constructed at various California racetracks, fairgrounds, and labor camps. These facilities were intended to confine Japanese Americans until more permanent internment camps, such as those at Manzanar and Tule Lake in California, could be built in isolated areas of the country. Beginning on March 30, 1942, all native-born Americans and long-time legal residents of Japanese ancestry living in California were ordered to surrender themselves for detention.
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Pomona, California
Pomona is the seventh largest city in Los Angeles County, California. Pomona is located in between the Inland Empire and the San Gabriel Valley. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 149,058.
The city is the site of the Fairplex, which hosts the L.A. County Fair and the NHRA Auto Club Raceway at Pomona, (formerly known as Pomona Raceway) Powerade Winternationals Drag Racing competition. The city also hosts the Pomona Swap Meet and Classic Car Show is considered by many[who?] to be a Southern California classic. It is one of seven major events hosted at the Fairplex each year. It's also home of Cal Poly Pomona, a polytechnic university in the city's western edge.
Since the 1980s, Pomona's newest neighborhood Phillips Ranch, experienced rapid growth with homes still being built in the hilly area between Downtown and Diamond Bar. Today, Phillips Ranch is nearly all residential. Northern Pomona has seen some gentrification with additional housing units added and revamped streetscapes.
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Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the U.S. state of Oregon, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States. Portland is Oregon's most populous city, and the third most populous city in the Pacific Northwest region, after Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. Approximately 2,260,000 people live in the Portland metropolitan area (MSA), the 23rd most populous in the United States.
Portland was incorporated in 1851 and is the county seat of Multnomah County. The city extends west into the Cedar Mill neighborhood in Washington County and south towards Lake Oswego in Clackamas County. With a commission-based government headed by a mayor and four other commissioners, the city and region are noted for strong land-use planning and investment in light rail, supported by Metro, a distinctive regional government. Because of its public transportation networks and efficient land use planning, Portland has been referred to as one of the most environmentally friendly, or "green", cities in the world.
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Prather, California
Coordinates: 37°02′15″N 119°30′50″W / 37.0375°N 119.51389°W / 37.0375; -119.51389
Prather is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 1657 feet (505 m).
The post office in Prather first opened in 1914, closed in 1935, re-opened in 1936, and moved in 1939. The name honors Joseph L. Prather who came to California in 1872 and whose ranch became the site of the town.
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Pratton, California
Coordinates: 36°44′48″N 119°53′59″W / 36.74667°N 119.89972°W / 36.74667; -119.89972
Pratton is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 6 miles (9.7 km) west of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 262 feet (80 m).
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Quincy, California
Quincy (formerly, Quinsy) is a census-designated place and the county seat of Plumas County, California. The population was 1,728 at the 2010 census, down from 1,879 at the 2000 census. Quincy is named after the city of Quincy, Illinois. The town is noted as being the home of the High Sierra Music Festival, which is celebrating its 22nd year in 2012.
Quincy is located at 39°56′11″N 120°56′53″W / 39.93639°N 120.94806°W / 39.93639; -120.94806 (39.936279, -120.947921).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.2 square miles (11 km2), all of it is land.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Quincy had a population of 1,728. The population density was 407.6 people per square mile (157.4/km²). The racial makeup of Quincy was 1,500 (86.8%) White, 37 (2.1%) African American, 29 (1.7%) Native American, 19 (1.1%) Asian, 2 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 66 (3.8%) from other races, and 75 (4.3%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 132 persons (7.6%).
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Raco, California
Coordinates: 36°48′02″N 119°58′45″W / 36.80056°N 119.97917°W / 36.80056; -119.97917
Raco is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 4.25 miles (6.8 km) southwest of Herndon, at an elevation of 269 feet (82 m).
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Redding, California
Redding is a city in far-Northern California, located on Interstate 5 exactly halfway between the Canada and Mexico borders,[citation needed], and the Sacramento River courses through the city. It is the county seat of Shasta County, California, USA. With a population of 89,861 as of the 2010 Census, Redding is the largest city in the Shasta Cascade region and is the fourth largest city in the Sacramento Valley behind Sacramento, Elk Grove, and Roseville.
Situated along the Siskiyou Trail, Redding was a trade and travel route connecting California's Central Valley and the Pacific Northwest. The site of Redding was occupied by Native Americans of the Wintu tribe from about the year 1000. During the early 19th century, Hudson's Bay Company trappers and members of the United States Exploring Expedition passed through the site of Redding while traveling along the Siskiyou Trail.
The first nonnative settler in the area was Pierson B. Reading, an early California pioneer. Reading was an admirer of John Sutter, and in 1844, Reading received the Rancho Buena Ventura Mexican land grant for the area occupied by today's Redding and Cottonwood, California, along the Sacramento River. At the time it was (by more than 100 miles) the northernmost nonnative settlement in California.
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Reedley, California
Reedley is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. Reedley is located 22 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 348 feet (106 m). The population at the 2010 census was 24,194. Its chief economic source is agriculture, particularly fruit and vegetable cultivation. The city is dubbed as "The World's Fruit Basket". Reedley holds many festivals year round. The city of Reedley hosts the annual Reedley Fiesta in October, the Reedley Electrical Christmas Parade in December, the Reedley Street Faire in May, the Reedley Certified Farmers Market (Wednesday evening, in the summer), the Reedley Taste of the Town in September, and many other festivities to keep the residents and visitors busy and entertained. Reedley is situated along the Kings River and in the summer, many local residents and visitors drive to Cricket Hollow Park and Reedley Beach.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.2 square miles (13 km2), of which, 5.1 square miles (13 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (1.39%) is water.
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Reka, California
Coordinates: 36°41′20″N 119°33′06″W / 36.68889°N 119.55167°W / 36.68889; -119.55167
Reka is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 1 mile (1.6 km) south-southeast of Sanger, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m). Reka still appeared on maps as of 1923.
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Richmond, California
Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ RICH-mənd) is a city in western Contra Costa County, California, United States. The city was incorporated on August 7, 1905. It is located in the East Bay, part of the San Francisco Bay Area. It is the site of heavy industry, which has been undergoing a shift towards a service and commercial economy since the 1970s. Richmond almost completely surrounds the city of San Pablo and the unincorporated areas of North Richmond, El Sobrante and East Richmond Heights. The city has a reputation for being crime-plagued, although this problem is centralized in the urban core, with many parts of Richmond having a low crime rate. The city's own police department, however, has described the city as having a chronic violent crime problem for "decades" and in 2010, Richmond was ranked the 6th most dangerous city in the United States.
The city is headed by mayor Gayle McLaughlin, making Richmond the largest city in the country with a Green Party mayor. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the city's population is at 103,701. This makes Richmond the 61st largest city in the state. Richmond has been called a company town based on its relationship with Chevron Corporation and has been referred to as "Refinery Town".
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Ripon, California
Ripon is a city located in San Joaquin County, California. The population was 14,297 at the 2010 census.
Ripon, on the site previously known as Murphy's Ferry, Stanislaus City, & Stanislaus Station, was renamed for Ripon, Wisconsin, which was itself named for a city in Yorkshire, England. Ripon's economy is largely agriculture based, known especially for its high almond production.
Ripon is located at 37°44′26″N 121°07′42″W / 37.7405°N 121.1282°W / 37.7405; -121.1282 (37.740478, -121.128224).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.5 square miles (14.2 km2), of which, 5.3 square miles (13.7 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.5 km2) of it (3.47%) is water.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Ripon had a population of 14,297. The population density was 2,601.8 people per square mile (1,004.5/km²). The racial makeup of Ripon was 11,392 (79.7%) White, 221 (1.5%) African American, 125 (0.9%) Native American, 599 (4.2%) Asian, 36 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 1,208 (8.4%) from other races, and 716 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,177 persons (22.2%).
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Robinson, California
Coordinates: 36°24′08″N 119°50′33″W / 36.40222°N 119.8425°W / 36.40222; -119.8425
Robinson is a former settlement in Fresno and Kings Counties, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 8 miles (13 km) north-northwest of Lemoore, at an elevation of 226 feet (69 m).
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Roeding Park
Roeding Park is one of four regional city parks in Fresno, California - the others are Woodward Park. Kearney Park[1] and the Regional Sports Park.[2] The 90-acre (360,000 m2) Roeding Park includes a lake, several ponds, and groves of ash, cedar, pine, and eucalyptus, maple, and redwood trees and houses the Fresno Chaffee Zoo as well as picnic areas, tennis courts and horseshoe pits. The park also has a Japanese War Memorial.
The park also has an amusement park (Playland) operated by local area rotary clubs and Storyland, an amusement park with a fairy tale theme. Storyland is geared toward younger children. The park has a series of interactive scenes from well-known stories and fairytales. During the summer, a troupe of local students performs plays at an amphitheatre in the park based on fairytales. This is a time of change in Roeding Park. In the last year the park has been working hard to raise attendance and remind people of their mission. [3] Further in 2006 a new Executive Director, Barry Falke was hired. Storyland & Playland are both 501(c)(3) organizations.
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Rolinda, California
Coordinates: 36°44′07″N 119°57′43″W / 36.73528°N 119.96194°W / 36.73528; -119.96194
Rolinda is a small agricultural unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 10 miles (16 km) west of downtown Fresno, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m). It is located along State Route 180. Official U.S. Geological Survey coordinates for the community are 36°44′07″N 119°57′43″W / 36.73528°N 119.96194°W / 36.73528; -119.96194. The community is in area code 559. It does not have a ZIP Code and mail uses the Fresno zip code of 93706.
Land surrounding the small community is mostly irrigated, laser-leveled agricultural land. Row crops include feed crops such as Alfalfa. It's common to see Cattle Egrets patrolling the fields for insect life. Raptors including Red-shouldered Hawks are also widely visible during daylight hours.
A landmark south of town is the Houghton-Kearney Elementary School, 8905 W. Kearney Blvd., operated by a K-12 district named Central Unified School District. The facility is located at 36°43′39″N 119°57′01″W / 36.7275°N 119.95028°W / 36.7275; -119.95028.
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Rugg, California
Coordinates: 36°43′54″N 120°00′19″W / 36.73167°N 120.00528°W / 36.73167; -120.00528
Rugg is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 3 miles (4.8 km) east-northeast of Kerman, at an elevation of 239 feet (73 m).
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Sacramento Valley
The Sacramento Valley is the portion of the California Central Valley that lies to the north of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in the U.S. state of California. It encompasses all or parts of ten counties.
The Sacramento River and its tributaries dominate the geography of the Sacramento Valley. Rising in the various mountain ranges (the various Northern Coast Ranges to the west, the southern Siskiyou Mountains to the north, and the northern Sierra Nevada to the east) that define the shape of the valley, they provide water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and recreation uses. Most of the rivers are heavily dammed and diverted.
The terrain of the Sacramento Valley is primarily flat grasslands that become lusher as one moves east from the rain shadow of the Coast Ranges toward the Sierras. Unlike the San Joaquin Valley, which in its pre-irrigation state was a vegetation-hostile desert, the somewhat less arid Sacramento Valley had significant tracts of forest prior to the arrival of settlers of European ancestry. Most of it was cut down during the California Gold Rush and the ensuing wave of white American settlement. Although there are still some heavily tree-populated areas such as the greater Sacramento area.
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Salinas, California
Salinas is the county seat and largest municipality of Monterey County, California. Salinas is located 10 miles (16 km) east-southeast of the mouth of the Salinas River, at an elevation of about 52 feet (16 m) above sea level. The population was 150,441 at the 2010 census. The mostly suburban city is located at the mouth of the Salinas Valley roughly eight miles from the Pacific Ocean and has a mild climate. The city consists mostly of late 20th century single family homes, some low-level apartments, ranging from modest bungalows to spacious luxury homes. The climate is ideal for the floral industry and grape vineyards planted by world-famous vintners. Salinas is an agricultural center and the hometown of writer and Nobel Prize in Literature laureate John Steinbeck, who based several of his novels there, including Of Mice and Men.
The land currently occupied by the City of Salinas is thought to have been settled by native Americans known as the Esselen prior to 200 AD. Between 200 and 500 AD, they were displaced by the Rumsen group of Ohlone speaking people, who were the inhabitants at contact with the Spanish. Large Spanish land grants for the Catholic Missions and as bonuses to soldiers gave way to Mexican land grants for smaller ranchos where mostly cattle were grazed, and a thriving trade in cattle hide came through the Port of Monterey.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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San Diego–Tijuana
Coordinates: 32°32′31.87″N 117°01′46.63″W / 32.5421861°N 117.0296194°W / 32.5421861; -117.0296194
San Diego–Tijuana, also known as Tijuana–San Diego, is an international metropolitan area, or conurbation, on the border between the two large North American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. The region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Rosarito Beach, and Tecate in Mexico. The 2010 population of the region was 5,105,769, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico. The region maintains global cities and is known for its culture, history, technological innovations, natural geography, and tourism.
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San Fernando Valley
The San Fernando Valley (locally known as "The Valley") is an urbanized valley located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of southern California, United States, defined by the dramatic mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. Home to 1.76 million people, it lies north of the larger and more populous Los Angeles Basin.
Nearly two thirds of the Valley's land area is part of the city of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the valley are Burbank, Glendale, San Fernando, Hidden Hills and Calabasas.
The San Fernando Valley is about 260 square miles (670 km2) bounded by the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest, the Simi Hills to the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south, the Verdugo Mountains to the east, and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast. The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwestern Topatopa Mountains, southern Santa Ana Mountains, and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley /ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ is the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in Stockton. Although most of the valley is rural, it does contain MSAs (urban cities and suburbs) such as Delano, Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, Modesto, Visalia, Porterville, Merced, Madera, and Hanford.
The San Joaquin Valley extends from the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in the north to the Tehachapi Mountains in the south, and from the various California coastal ranges (from the Diablo Range in the north to the Temblor Range in the south) in the west to the Sierra Nevada in the east. Unlike the Sacramento Valley, the river system for which the San Joaquin Valley is named does not extend very far along the valley. Most of the valley south of Fresno instead drains into Tulare Lake, which no longer exists continuously due to diversion of its sources. The valley's primary river is the San Joaquin, which drains north through about half of the valley into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Kings, and Kern rivers are in the southern endorheic basin of the valley, all of which have been largely diverted for agricultural uses and are mostly dry in their lower reaches.
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San Jose, California
San Jose ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈseɪ/; Spanish: St. Joseph) is the third-largest city in California, the tenth-largest in the U.S., and the county seat of Santa Clara County which is located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay. The San Jose/Silicon Valley area is a major component of the greater San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people and the sixth largest metropolitan area (CSA) in the United States. It is also the most populous city in Northern California.
San Jose was founded on November 29, 1777, as El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California, which later became Alta California. The city served as a farming community to support Spanish military installations at San Francisco and Monterey. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose served as its first capital.
After more than 150 years as a small farming city, San Jose and the surrounding Santa Clara Valley became the last (and largest) contiguous area of undeveloped land surrounding the San Francisco Bay. San Jose experienced increased demand for housing from soldiers and veterans returning from World War II. San Jose then continued its aggressive expansion during the 1950s and 1960s by annexing more land area. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from an agricultural center, to an urbanized metropolitan area.
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Sanders, California
Sanders is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located 8 miles (13 km) northeast of Kingsburg.
A post office operated at Sanders from 1879 to 1894. The place was named for its first postmaster, Charlotte E. Sanders.
Coordinates: 39°12′10″N 121°39′43″W / 39.20278°N 121.66194°W / 39.20278; -121.66194
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Sanger, California
Sanger is a city in Fresno County, California, United States. The population was 24,270 at the 2010 census, up from 18,731 at the 2000 census. Sanger is located 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 371 feet (113 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.5 square miles (14 km2), all of it land.
The first post office opened in Sanger in 1888. The city incorporated in 1911. The name commemorates Joseph Sanger Jr., secretary-treasurer of the Railroad Yardmasters Association, who visited California in 1887.
The Sanger Railroad Depot was built in 1887 next to the Southern Pacific Railroad line that connected Fresno to Porterville. Sanger became a center for shipping grain, citrus and lumber from the nearby mountains. When the depot was retired, it was the oldest building in the city and was donated to the Sanger Historical Society which turned it into the Sanger Depot Museum in 1977.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Sanger had a population of 24,270. The population density was 4,393.7 people per square mile (1,696.4/km²). The racial makeup of Sanger was 14,454 (59.6%) White, 219 (0.9%) African American, 311 (1.3%) Native American, 758 (3.1%) Asian, 39 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 7,645 (31.5%) from other races, and 844 (3.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,537 persons (80.5%).
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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Selma, California
Selma is a city in Fresno County, California. The population was 23,219 at the 2010 census, up from 19,240 at the 2000 census. Selma is located 16 miles (26 km) southeast of Fresno, at an elevation of 308 feet (94 m).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Selma had a population of 23,219. The population density was 4,520.6 people per square mile (1,745.4/km²). The racial makeup of Selma was 12,869 (55.4%) White, 284 (1.2%) African American, 479 (2.1%) Native American, 1,057 (4.6%) Asian, 9 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 7,630 (32.9%) from other races, and 891 (3.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18,014 persons (77.6%).
The Census reported that 23,054 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 50 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 115 (0.5%) were institutionalized.
There were 6,416 households, out of which 3,411 (53.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 3,553 (55.4%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,158 (18.0%) had a female householder with no husband present, 560 (8.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 516 (8.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 27 (0.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 939 households (14.6%) were made up of individuals and 481 (7.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.59. There were 5,271 families (82.2% of all households); the average family size was 3.89.
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Sentinel, California
Coordinates: 36°57′51″N 119°29′34″W / 36.96417°N 119.49278°W / 36.96417; -119.49278
Sentinel is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located 2.5 miles (4 km) west of Humphreys Station, at an elevation of 843 feet (257 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1924.
A post office operated at Sentinel from 1880 to 1883, from 1888 to 1897, and from 1905 to 1910.
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Shafter, California
Shafter is a city in Kern County, California, United States. It is located 18 miles (29 km) west-northwest of Bakersfield. The population was 16,988 at the 2010 census, up from 12,736 at the 2000 census. Wired telephone numbers in Shafter follow the format (661) 746-xxxx and the ZIP Code is 93263.
The city is located along State Route 43. Suburbs of Shafter include areas or communities named:
The city of Shafter began as a loading dock along the Santa Fe Railroad right-of-way. The community was named for General William Rufus Shafter who commanded US Forces in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. Property was sold beginning in 1914 and the city incorporated in 1938.
The first post office opened in 1898, moved in 1902, closed in 1905. A new postal service started in 1914.
Also of historical note, Shafter is home to Minter Field, which began operations in June 1941 and saw heavy use during World War II. Approximately 7,000 troops were stationed at the airstrip which hosted up to 600 prisoners of war as well. Today it is publicly owned and administered by the Minter Field Airport District and serves as an industrial center and airport for crop dusters and private aircraft. The Minter Field Museum is maintained on location as well.
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Shipp, California
Coordinates: 36°56′43″N 119°40′31″W / 36.94528°N 119.67528°W / 36.94528; -119.67528
Shipp is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It was located on the San Joaquin and Eastern Railroad 8.5 miles (14 km) north of Clovis, at an elevation of 420 feet (128 m). It still appeared on maps as of 1922.
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third (1/3) of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula Valley, and the southern East Bay.
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph Vaerst, a successful Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled "Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.
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Sonora, California
Sonora is the county seat of Tuolumne County, California. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 4,903, up from 4,423 at the 2000 census. Sonora is the only incorporated community in Tuolumne County.
Sonora is located at 37°59′04″N 120°22′54″W / 37.984361°N 120.381767°W / 37.984361; -120.381767, around the intersection of California State Highways 49 and 108 The altitude is 1,825 feet (556 m). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km2), 99.55% of it land and 0.45% of it water.
Sonora has cool, wet winters and hot, mostly dry summers. Average January temperatures are a maximum of 54.5 °F (12.5 °C) and a minimum of 33.5 °F (0.8 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 94.6 °F (34.8 °C) and a minimum of 58.8 °F (14.9 °C). There are an average of 75.5 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 52.2 days annually with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record high temperature was 113 °F (45 °C) on June 22, 1961, and July 15, 1972. The record low temperature was 8 °F (−13 °C) on December 9, 1972.
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South Bay, San Diego
South Bay is a region in southwestern San Diego County, California consisting of the communities and cities of Bonita, Chula Vista, Imperial Beach, Lincoln Acres, National City, and South San Diego.
South Bay is traditionally calmer than the busier parts of the metropolitan area. One of its cities, Imperial Beach, bills itself as Classic Southern California for being relatively untouched in terms of other coastal cities.
The area encompassing the South Bay was originally inhabited by the Kumeyaay peoples. Under Mexican rule, several Mexican land grants were established in the region, including Rancho Janal, Rancho Otay, and Rancho de la Nación. National City was incorporated in 1887, Chula Vista in 1911, and Imperial Beach in 1956. South San Diego, including the communities of San Ysidro, Nestor, Palm City, and Otay Mesa, were annexed by the city of San Diego in 1957.
The term "South Bay" has referred to the region since at least the early 20th century, with one reference dating from 1918.
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Southern California
Southern California (SoCal) is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego. The United States - Mexico border makes up the southern border. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the nation.
Southern California's population encompasses five metropolitan, or MSA, areas: Los Angeles County and Orange County together make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; the Inland Empire consists of such cities as Riverside, Ontario, and San Bernardino; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metro area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas; the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over 4 million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; with San Diego as Southern California's other CSA metropolitan area. With over 22 million people, roughly 60% of California's population resides in Southern California.
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Stockton, California
Stockton, California, the seat of San Joaquin County, is the fourth-largest city in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California. With a population of 291,707 at the 2010 census, Stockton ranks as the state's 13th largest city. The city is located in Northern California, south of the state capital Sacramento and north of Modesto.
Stockton is along Interstate 5, State Route 99 and State Route 4 amid the farmland of the California Central Valley. It is connected westward with San Francisco Bay by the San Joaquin River's 78-mile (126 km) channel, and is, with Sacramento, one of the state's two inland sea ports. In and around Stockton are thousands of miles of waterways and rivers that make up the California Delta.
The city hosts the annual Asparagus Festival and is the location of Haggin Museum, an art and history museum built in Victory Park in 1931. The museum displays 19th and 20th century works of art and houses local historical exhibits. For much of the later 19th century, starting with the Gold Rush, Stockton was one of the largest cities in the state, for a while the third largest city.
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Taraz
Taraz (Kazakh: Тараз / Taraz), is a city and a center of the Jambyl Province in Kazakhstan. It is located in the south of Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan, on the Talas River (Taraz River). It has a population of 330,100 (1999 census), up 9% from 1989, making it one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, after Astana and Türkistan.
Taraz was formerly known as Jambyl or Zhambyl (Kazakh: Жамбыл / Jambıl, until 1997), Dzhambul (Russian: Джамбул, until 1993), Mirzoyan (Russian: Мирзоян, until 1938), Aulie-Ata (Russian: Аулие-Ата, Kazakh: Әулие-Ата / Äwlïe-Ata, Chagatai: اولياه اتا, Persian: تراز, until 1936) and Talas (Талас, until 1856),
One of the oldest cities in Kazakhstan and in Transoxania, Taraz celebrated its official 2000 anniversary (recognized by UNESCO) in 2001, dating from a fortress built in the area by a Xiongnu Chanyu named Zhizhi and was a site of the Battle of Zhizhi in 36 BCE. The city was first recorded under the name "Talas" in 568 CE by Menander Protector, the medieval city of Talas was a major trade centre along the Silk Road. Talas was later described by Xuanzang, who passed Talas in 629 and later wrote: Traveling westward from the Thousand Springs 140 or 150 li, we come to the city of Daluosi. The city is 8 or 9 li in diameter; and was settled by Hu ("foreign, non-Oriental") merchants from various nations. The products and the climate are about the same as Suyab. The Talas alphabet, a variant of the Turkic "runiform" Orkhon script, is named for the town. Talas secured a place in history by virtue of the Battle of Talas (751 CE), which was fought between forces of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and those of the Arab Umayyad Caliphate. The battle took place somewhere along the Talas River in the Talas valley. One of its indirect outcomes was the introduction of paper to the west, via the Arab capture of Chinese paper makers.
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Tarpey, California
Coordinates: 36°47′16″N 119°42′03″W / 36.78778°N 119.70083°W / 36.78778; -119.70083
Tarpey is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2.25 miles (3.6 km) south of Clovis, at an elevation of 344 feet (105 m).
A post office operated at Tarpey from 1892 to 1914 and from 1958 to 1961. The name honors Arthur B. Tarpey.
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Temecula, California
Temecula is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, United States with a population of 100,097 according to the 2010 United States Census. It was incorporated on December 1, 1989. Temecula is bordered by Murrieta on the northwest and the Pechanga Indian Reservation on the south, with unincorporated areas of Riverside County on all of its other borders. It is served by Interstate 15 (Temecula Valley Freeway), Interstate 215 and California State Route 79 (Winchester Road to the northeast and Temecula Parkway to the southeast).
With neighboring Murrieta, Temecula forms the southwestern anchor of the Inland Empire region. It is almost equidistant to San Diego, Los Angeles, and Orange County, California. Temecula is also home to military families from nearby Camp Pendleton, MCAS Miramar, March Air Reserve Base and the Naval bases in San Diego.
The area was inhabited by the Temecula natives for many hundreds of years before their first meeting with the Spanish missionaries (the people are now generally known as the Luiseños, after the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia). The Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians believe their ancestors have lived in the Temecula area for more than 10,000 years. In Pechanga mythology, life on earth began in the Temecula Valley. They call it, "Exva Temeeku", the place of the union of Sky— father, and Earth— mother ("Tuukumit'pi Tamaayowit"). The Temecula Indians ("Temeekuyam") lived at "Temeekunga"— "the place of the sun".Pechanga Band of Luiseño Indians
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Torrance, California
Torrance is a city incorporated in 1921 and located in the South Bay (southwestern) region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Torrance has 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of shore-front beaches on the Pacific Ocean, quieter and less well known by tourists than others on the Santa Monica Bay, such as those of neighboring Redondo Beach and Manhattan Beach. Torrance enjoys a moderate year-round climate with warm temperatures, sea breezes, low humidity and an average rainfall of 12.55 inches per year.
The Torrance population was 145,438 at the 2010 census. This residential and light-high-tech industries city has 90,000 street trees and 30 city parks. Torrance is the birthplace of the AYSO – American Youth Soccer Organization.
Torrance was originally part of the Tongva Native American homeland for thousands of years. In 1784 the Spanish land grant for Rancho San Pedro, in the upper Las Californias Province of New Spain and encompassing present day Torrance, was issued to Juan Jose Dominguez by King Carlos III—the Spanish Empire. It was later divided in 1846 with Governor Pío Pico granting Rancho de los Palos Verdes to José Loreto and Juan Capistrano Sepulveda, in the Alta California territory of independent Mexico.
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Torreón
Torreón is a city and seat of the surrounding municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Coahuila. As of 2010, the city's population was 608,836 with 639,629 in the municipality.[citation needed] The metropolitan population, including Matamoros, Coahuila, and Gómez Palacio and Lerdo in adjacent Durango, was 1,215,993.[citation needed] It is the ninth-biggest metropolitan area in the country and is one of Mexico's most important economic and industrial centers. Torreón is served by Francisco Sarabia International Airport, a small airport with flights to several cities in Mexico and the United States.
According to archaeological findings, the area of Torreón was populated around the 10th millennium BC.
The first Spanish mission arrived in 1566, led by Fr. Pedro Espinareda. However, the city developed only in the independent Mexican era, around a Torreón ("Big Tower") built to monitor Río Nazas's floods, in conjunction with the creation of a railroad connecting to the US border. The population grew from 200 in 1892 to 34,000 in 1910. Torreón received city status in 1907.
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Tracy, California
Tracy is the second most populated city in San Joaquin County, California, United States and an exurb of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 82,922 at the 2010 census. Tracy is located inside a triangle formed by Interstate 205 on the north side of the city, Interstate 5 to the east, and Interstate 580 to the southwest, This has given rise to Tracy's motto, now recorded on the city's website: "Think Inside the Triangle".
The origins of Tracy are related to the mid-19th century construction of Central Pacific Railroad lines running from Sacramento through Stockton and to the San Francisco Bay Area. A number of small communities sprang up along these lines, including the one named for railroad director Lathrop J. Tracy. Incorporated in 1910, Tracy grew rapidly and prospered as an agricultural area even when railroad operations began to decline in the 1950s. Beginning in the 1980s, Tracy experienced a growth spurt as people migrated to the city looking for a more affordable alternative to Bay Area home prices and also for a less hectic lifestyle. A steady period of growth ensued, as many companies found Tracy an ideal location for their distribution facilities. The city today is home to several of these distribution facilities and is setting its sights on newer industries, including expansion of hi-tech companies from their existing Silicon Valley bases.
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Tri-Valley
Coordinates: 37°42′4.35″N 121°55′22.21″W / 37.7012083°N 121.9228361°W / 37.7012083; -121.9228361 Tri-Valley is a triangle-shaped region in the eastern San Francisco Bay Area. The area is 18 miles southeast of Oakland and 33 miles from San Francisco. It is based around the cities of Pleasanton, Sunol, Livermore, Dublin, San Ramon and Danville which includes Blackhawk-Camino Tassajara in the three valleys from which it takes its name: Amador Valley, Livermore Valley and San Ramon Valley. The region is well known for its Mediterranean climate, wine region, historic downtown areas and fine dining. It is a primarily affluent suburban area with a population of about 300,000.
There are a number of groups that work together in this area including Tri-Valley CAREs which is a community group formed in opposition of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory but has grown to become an environmental lobby group; CACC which promotes and facilitates the cultural and business exchanges between the peoples of the United States and the Greater China and also operates a popular Chinese School.
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Trimmer, California
Coordinates: 36°54′18″N 119°17′46″W / 36.905°N 119.29611°W / 36.905; -119.29611
Trimmer is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located 8 miles (13 km) north-northeast of Piedra, at an elevation of 1030 feet (314 m).
A post office operated at Trimmer from 1889 to 1890, from 1892 to 1919, moving in 1894 and 1895. The name honors Morris Trimmer, who opened a resort called Trimmer Springs before 1911. The site of the resort is now covered by the waters of Pine Flat Reservoir.
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Truckee, California
Truckee (originally, Coburn Station) is an incorporated town in Nevada County, California, United States. The population was 16,180 at the 2010 census, up from 13,864 at the 2000 census.
The town's original name was Coburn Station, commemorating a saloon keeper.
Truckee was named after a Paiute chief. His assumed Paiute name was Tru-ki-zo. He was the father of Chief Winnemucca and grandfather of Sarah Winnemucca. The first Europeans who came to cross the Sierra Nevada encountered his tribe. The friendly Chief rode toward them yelling "Tro-kay!", which is Paiute for "Everything is all right". The unaware travelers assumed he was yelling his name. Chief Truckee later served as a guide for John C. Frémont.
Truckee is located along Interstate 80 at 39°20′32″N 120°12′13″W / 39.34222°N 120.20361°W / 39.34222; -120.20361 (39.342163, -120.203568).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 33.7 square miles (87 km2), of which, 32.3 square miles (84 km2) of it is land and 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2) of it (3.96%) is water, mostly the Truckee River, the only outlet of Lake Tahoe.
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Tucson, Arizona
Tucson ( /ˈtuːsɒn/ TOO-son) is the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and is the home to University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116, while the 2011 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan area was 989,569. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, which both anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 118 miles (188 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles (98 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley.
Major incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Tanque Verde, Tortilita, New Pascua, Sahuarita and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metro area include Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.
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Tulare, California
Tulare ( /tuːˈlɛəriː/) is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 59,278 at the 2010 census.
Tulare is located in the heart of the Central Valley, eight miles (13 km) south of Visalia, and is considered part of the Census Bureau's designation of the Visalia-Porterville Metropolitan Area. The city is named for the currently dry Tulare Lake, once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes. The city's mission statement is: "To promote a quality of life making Tulare the most desirable community in which to live, learn, play, work, worship and prosper." The Stockton seaport is only 170 miles (270 km) away, and the Sacramento port is 207 miles (333 km) away. The Los Angeles and San Francisco ports are each approximately 200 miles (320 km) away, making Tulare a hub or central location for product movement. Despite this, the expression "out in the tules (toolies)", referring to the tule rush plant that lined the lakeshore, is still common in the dialect of old Californian families and means "beyond far away."
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Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa ( /ˈtʌlsə/) is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 46th-largest city in the United States. With a population of 391,906 as of the 2010 census, it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 937,478 (2010) residents in the MSA and 988,454 (2010) in the CSA. Tulsa's CSA is projected to reach one million between 2010 and 2012. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, and extends into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.
Tulsa was first settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. In 1921, it was the site of the infamous Tulsa Race Riot, one of the largest and most destructive acts of racial violence in the history of the United States. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname "Oil Capital of the World" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry. Tulsa, along with several other cities, claims to be the birthplace of U.S. Route 66 and is also known for its Western Swing music.
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Turk, California
Coordinates: 36°10′16″N 120°13′20″W / 36.17111°N 120.22222°W / 36.17111; -120.22222
Turk (formerly, Stanley) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 8 miles (13 km) east-northeast of Coalinga, at an elevation of 502 feet (153 m).
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Turlock, California
Turlock is a city in Stanislaus County, California, United States, part of the Turlock Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 Census, Turlock had a population of 68,549, up from 55,810 at the 2000 census, making it the second-largest city in Stanislaus County.
Turlock lies in the Stanislaus County, at 37°30′21″N 120°50′56″W / 37.50583°N 120.84889°W / 37.50583; -120.84889 (37.505725, -120.849019), between Modesto, California and Merced, California, at the intersection of State Route 99 and State Route 165. Its elevation is about 31 m (101 ft) above MSL.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 16.9 square miles (44 km2), all land.
Turlock has hot, mostly dry summers and cool, wet winters. Average January temperatures are a maximum of 53.7 °F (12.1 °C) and a minimum of 38.1 °F (3.4 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 94.7 °F (34.8 °C) and a minimum of 62.6 °F (17.0 °C). There are an average of 78.0 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 19.8 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record high temperature was 114 °F (46 °C) on July 9, 1896. The record low temperature was 18 °F (−8 °C) on January 21, 1922, and December 19, 1924.
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Ukiah, California
Ukiah ( /juːˈkaɪ.ə/ yew-KY-ə; formerly, Ukiah City) is the county seat and largest city of Mendocino County, California. With its accessible location (along the U.S. Route 101 corridor several miles south of CA 20), Ukiah serves as the city center for Mendocino County and much of neighboring Lake County. In 1996, Ukiah was ranked the #1 best small town to live in California and the sixth-best place to live in the United States. The population was 16,075 at the 2010 census.
Ukiah is located in the Ukiah Valley at 39°09′01″N 123°12′28″W / 39.15028°N 123.20778°W / 39.15028; -123.20778, with an elevation of 633 ft (193 m) above sea level.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city covers an area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), 98.89% of it land, and 1.11% of it water.
Ukiah has a temperate Mediterranean climate. Average rainfall for the area is 36.96 in (939 mm) per year. Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 82.1 days per year. The greatest monthly precipitation was 24.76 in (628.9 mm) in January 1995 and the greatest 24-hour precipitation was 6.18 in (157.0 mm) on December 22, 1964. Light snowfall occurs about every other year. The greatest recorded snowfall was 1.5 in (3.8 cm) on March 2, 1976.
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Uva, California
Coordinates: 36°37′08″N 119°29′23″W / 36.61889°N 119.48972°W / 36.61889; -119.48972
Uva is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of Reedley, at an elevation of 354 feet (108 m).
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Vallejo, California
Vallejo ( /vəˈleɪ.oʊ/ or /vəˈleɪhoʊ/; Spanish: [baˈʎexo]) is the largest city in Solano County, California, United States. The population was 115,942 at the 2010 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay. Vallejo is named for General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.
Vallejo is home to the Six Flags Discovery Kingdom theme park (formerly Marine World and Marine World Africa USA) ; the now-defunct Mare Island Naval Shipyard; the regional office for Region 5 of the United States Forest Service; the California Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system); the Vallejo Center campus of Solano Community College; and Touro University, an osteopathic medical college. Ferry service runs from a terminal on Mare Island Strait to San Francisco, through Vallejo Transit's BayLink division.
Vallejo has twice served as the capital of the state of California: once in 1852 and again in 1853, both periods being brief. Some of the first Europeans drawn to the Vallejo area were attracted by the sulfur springs; in the year 1902 the area was named Blue Rock Springs. In 2008, Vallejo became the largest California city ever to file for bankruptcy.
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Vanguard, California
Coordinates: 36°15′19″N 119°57′32″W / 36.25528°N 119.95889°W / 36.25528; -119.95889
Vanguard is an unincorporated community in Fresno and Kings Counties, California. It is located 10 miles (16 km) west-southwest of Lemoore, at an elevation of 253 feet (77 m).
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Vanris, California
Coordinates: 36°46′33″N 119°42′02″W / 36.77583°N 119.70056°W / 36.77583; -119.70056
Vanris is a former settlement in Fresno County, California. It lay at an elevation of 338 feet (103 m).
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Ventura, California
Ventura (officially the City of San Buenaventura; commonly called San Buenaventura before 1891) is the county seat of Ventura County, California, United States, incorporated in 1866. The population was 106,433 at the 2010 census, up from 100,916 at the 2000 census. Ventura is accessible via U.S. Route 101, State Route 33, and State Route 126.
Father Junípero Serra founded Mission San Buenaventura in 1782, forming the basis of what would become the city. The mission was named for St. Bonaventure, a Thirteenth Century Franciscan saint and a Doctor of the Church. On July 6, 1841, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Miguel to Felipe Lorenzana and Raymundo Olivas, whose Olivas Adobe on the banks of the Santa Clara River was the most magnificent hacienda south of Monterey.
The inhabitants at the time of the arrival of the Spanish in the late 18th Century were a local band of the Chumash tribe (the Mitskanaka). Archaeological research demonstrates that the Chumash have deep roots in central and southern coastal regions of California, and lived here for millennia. [14][15]
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Verona
Verona (Italian pronunciation: [veˈroːna] ( listen); Venetian Verona (pron. Veròna); German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of northeast Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona covers an area of 1,426 km2 (550.58 sq mi) and has a population of 714,274 inhabitants. It is one of the main tourist destinations in northern Italy, owing to its artistic heritage, several annual fairs, shows, and operas, such as the lyrical season in the Arena, the ancient amphitheatre built by the Romans.
The city has been awarded World Heritage Site status by UNESCO because of its urban structure and architecture.
The precise details of Verona's early history remain a mystery. The origin of the name Verona is also unknown. One theory is it was a city of the Euganei, who were obliged to give it up to the Cenomani (550 BC). With the conquest of the Vaecame Roman (about 300 BC) Verona became a Roman colonia in 89 BC, and then a municipium in 49 BC; Verona had the franchise in 59.
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Visalia, California
Visalia ( /vaɪˈseɪljə/ vy-SAYL-yə) is a Central California city situated in the heart of California’s agricultural San Joaquin Valley, approximately 230 miles (370 km) southeast of San Francisco and 190 miles (310 km) north of Los Angeles. The population was 124,442 at the 2010 census.
Visalia is the 44th largest city in the state of California and the 201 largest in the United States.
Often referred to as the Gateway to the Sequoias, Visalia has an estimated population of 125,921 and spans over 28.6 square miles (74.1 km2) in Central California. Its inhabitants are known as "Visalians". In 2007, Visalia was named the 3rd fastest growing city in California and 19th fastest growing city in the U.S.
Settled in 1852, Visalia is the oldest permanent inland settlement between Stockton and Los Angeles. As the county seat and largest city of Tulare County, Visalia serves as the economic center to the region known as the Sequoia Valley, one of the most productive single agricultural areas in the United States. Visalia lies within miles of the tallest mountain range in the contiguous United States, the Sierra Nevada (U.S.) (see Mount Whitney, which is located in Tulare and Inyo counties), and is the closest major city to Sequoia National Park, home to some of the largest living things on Earth, the Giant Sequoia trees. It is known as "Where The Valley Meets The Giants."
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Wahtoke, California
Coordinates: 36°40′37″N 119°27′28″W / 36.67694°N 119.45778°W / 36.67694; -119.45778
Wahtoke (formerly, Wahtoka) is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 4.5 miles (7.2 km) south-southeast of Centerville, at an elevation of 361 feet (110 m).
The Wahtoka post office operated from 1905 to 1916.
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Wasco, California
Wasco (formerly, Dewey and Deweyville) is a city in the San Joaquin Valley, in Kern County, California, United States. Wasco is located 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Bakersfield, at an elevation of 328 feet (100 m). The population was 25,545 at the 2010 census, up from 21,263 at the 2000 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.4 square miles (24 km2), all of it land. At the 2000 census, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 7.6 square miles (20 km2), all of it land. Wasco is located on the floor of the San Joaquin Valley, at the intersection of California State Routes 43, which runs north-south, and 46, which runs east-west.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Wasco had a population of 25,545. The population density was 2,710.1 people per square mile (1,046.4/km²). The racial makeup of Wasco was 12,579 (49.2%) White, 1,951 (7.6%) African American, 283 (1.1%) Native American, 180 (0.7%) Asian, 12 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 9,714 (38.0%) from other races, and 826 (3.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19,585 persons (76.7%).
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a federal district to become the national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution. The District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state. It was formed from land along the Potomac River donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
A new capital city named after George Washington was founded in 1791 to the east of the preexisting port of Georgetown. Congress consolidated the City of Washington, Georgetown, and the remaining unincorporated area within the District under a single municipal government in 1871. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, located on the country's Pacific coast.
Washington, D.C., had an estimated population of 617,996 in 2011. The city was the 24th most populous place in the United States as of 2010. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's population to over one million during the workweek. The Washington Metropolitan Area, of which the District is a part, has a population of nearly 5.6 million, the seventh-largest metropolitan area in the country.
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Wichita, Kansas
Wichita /ˈwɪtʃɨtɔː/ WICH-ə-taw is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 382,368. Located in south-central Kansas on the Arkansas River, Wichita is the county seat of Sedgwick County and the principal city of the Wichita metropolitan area. As of 2011, the metro area had a population of 630,721.
The city was incorporated in 1870, based on the success of businessmen who came to hunt and trade with native populations. Its position on the Chisholm Trail made it a destination for cattle drives heading north to access railroads to eastern markets. In the 20th century, aircraft pioneers such as Clyde Cessna, Walter Beech and Bill Lear began projects that would lead to Wichita's nicknaming as the Air Capital of the World. The aircraft corporations Stearman, Cessna, Mooney and Beechcraft were all founded in Wichita in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Cessna and Hawker Beechcraft remain based in Wichita today, along with Learjet and Spirit AeroSystems, and both Airbus and Boeing maintain a workforce in Wichita. The city was also at one time the headquarters of the former Derby Oil Company, which was purchased by Coastal Corporation in 1988.
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Willows, California
Willows (formerly, Willow) is the county seat of Glenn County, California. As the county seat, the city is a home to regional government offices, including the California Highway Patrol, California Department of Motor Vehicles, the United States Bureau of Reclamation and the main offices of the Mendocino National Forest, which comprises about one million acres of Federal land located mostly in mountainous terrain west of Willows. The population was 6,166 at the 2010 census, down from 6,220 at the 2000 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2), of which, 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2) of it is land and 0.03 square miles (0.078 km2) of it (0.92%) is water.
The Willow post office opened in 1862; the name was changed to Willows in 1916.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Willows had a population of 6,166. The population density was 2,146.2 people per square mile (828.7/km²). The racial makeup of Willows was 4,304 (69.8%) White, 78 (1.3%) African American, 138 (2.2%) Native American, 312 (5.1%) Asian, 11 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,099 (17.8%) from other races, and 224 (3.6%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,020 persons (32.8%).
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Wineland, California
Coordinates: 36°32′30″N 119°35′01″W / 36.54167°N 119.58361°W / 36.54167; -119.58361
Wineland is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Southern Pacific Railroad 2.25 miles (3.6 km) southeast of Selma, at an elevation of 308 feet (94 m).
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Woodland, California
Woodland (formerly Yolo City) is the county seat of Yolo County, California, located approximately 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Sacramento, and is a part of the Sacramento - Arden-Arcade - Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 55,468 at the 2010 census.
Woodland's origins trace back to 1850 when California gained its statehood and Yolo County was established. Since the town started growing in population and resources, it has not stopped. The area was well irrigated due to the efforts of James Monroe, and this drew people out to try their hand at farming. The endeavor was successful as people found the soil in the area very fertile. The city gained a federal post office and the next year the county seat was moved from Washington (present day West Sacramento, California) to Woodland after Washington was flooded. The addition of a railroad line, the close proximity to Sacramento, and the more recent addition of Interstate 5, helped create a thriving city.
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Yreka, California
Yreka ( /waɪˈriːkə/ wy-REE-kə) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 7,765 at the 2010 census, up from 7,290 at the 2000 census.
In March 1851 Abraham Thompson, a mule train packer, discovered gold near Rocky Gulch while traveling along the Siskiyou Trail from southern Oregon. This discovery sparked the California Gold Rush from California's Sierra Nevada into Northern California. By April 1851, 2,000 miners had arrived in "Thompson's Dry Diggings" to test their luck, and by June 1851, a gold rush "boomtown" of tents, shanties, and a few rough cabins had sprung up. Several name changes occurred until the little city was called Yreka. The name comes from the Shasta /wáik'a/, for which Mount Shasta is named. The word means "north mountain" or "white mountain".Mark Twain, in his Autobiography (p. 162, Harper/Perennial Literary, 1990), tells a different story:
Well-known poet Joaquin Miller described Yreka during 1853–1854 as a bustling place with "... a tide of people up and down and across other streets, as strong as if a city on the East Coast". Incorporation proceedings were completed on April 21, 1857.
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Zediker, California
Coordinates: 36°45′26″N 119°31′26″W / 36.75722°N 119.52389°W / 36.75722; -119.52389
Zediker is an unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. It is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad 11 miles (18 km) east-southeast of Clovis, at an elevation of 400 feet (122 m).
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Andranik Ozanian
Andranik Ozanian (Armenian: Անդրանիկ Օզանեան), more commonly known as General Andranik (Զորավար Անդրանիկ, Zoravar Andranik) (February 25, 1865 – August 31, 1927) was an Armenian freedom fighter (fedayee), a key leader of the Armenian national movement of late 19th and early 20th centuries, political and public activist, greatly admired as a national hero.
Andranik joined the fedayee movement in late 1880s. First fighting against the Turks in ranks of the Hunchaks, later as a Dashnak. His revolutionary activities lasted until 1907, when he left ARF because of disagreement with cooperation with the Young Turks.
In 1912-1913, together with Garegin Nzhdeh, Andranik led the Armenian volunteer company of the Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps against the Ottomans duirng the First Balkan War.
From 1914 to 1918, Andranik stood at the head of the first Armenian volunteer battalion under the direct commandership of the Caucasus Army of Imperial Russian Army, which occupied most of the Armenian-inhabited areas of the Ottoman Empire, but retreated after the Russian Revolution of 1917, leaving the Armenian volunteers alone against the Ottoman army, which was about to wipe off Armenia from the face of the Earth.
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Audra McDonald
Audra Ann McDonald (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer. She starred in the ABC television drama Private Practice as Dr. Naomi Bennett. She has appeared on the stage in both musicals and dramas, such as Ragtime and A Raisin in the Sun. She maintains an active concert and recording career, performing song cycles and operas as well as performing in concert throughout the US. She has won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress four times, twice each for plays and musicals.
Born in Berlin, Germany and raised in Fresno, California, the elder of two daughters, she began to study acting at a young age to counteract her diagnosis as "hyperactive". McDonald graduated from the Roosevelt School of the Arts program within Theodore Roosevelt High School in Fresno. She got her start in acting with Dan Pessano and Good Company Players, beginning in their Junior Company. "I knew I wanted to be involved in theater when I had my first chance to perform with the Good Company Players Junior Company." "The people who have had the most impact on my life: Good Company director Dan Pessano and my mother." She studied classical voice as an undergraduate under Ellen Faull at the Juilliard School, graduating in 1993.
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Bill Bogaard
William Joseph "Bill" Bogaard (born 1938 in Sioux City, Iowa) is an American Democratic politician, and the current mayor of Pasadena, California, elected in 1999, and re-elected with an overwhelming majority of the vote (over 85%) in 2003. Bogaard is the first elected mayor of Pasadena since the 1940s, the longest serving mayor in Pasadena's history, and the only mayor to serve non-consecutive terms (Bogaard served a two-year term as mayor in the 1980s).
Prior to being elected mayor, Bogaard was a lawyer, and taught at the University of Michigan and the University of Southern California. He graduated from Loyola Marymount University and was a captain in the U.S. Air Force. He obtained his juris doctorate degree from the University of Michigan. His wife is Claire Bogaard, who moved with Bill to Pasadena in 1971, and they have four children.
In the 2006 election, Bogaard sought re-election for a third term as Mayor. His opponent was Aaron Proctor. The election was held on March 6, 2007.
Bogaard easily won the March 6, 2007 election against Proctor, getting 11,558 votes (88.7% of the vote).
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Britney Spears
Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American recording artist and entertainer. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, Spears began performing as a child, landing acting roles in stage productions and television shows. She signed with Jive Records in 1997 and released her debut album ...Baby One More Time in 1999, which became the best-selling album by a teenage solo artist. During her first decade in the music industry, she became a prominent figure in mainstream popular music and popular culture, followed by a much-publicized personal life. Her first two albums established her as a pop icon and broke sales records, while title tracks "...Baby One More Time" and "Oops!... I Did It Again" became international number-one hits. Spears was credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s, and became the 'best-selling teen aged artist of all time' before she turned 20, garnering her the honorific title of "Princess of Pop".
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Cambodian American
A Cambodian American is an American who is born, raised, or from Cambodia usually of Khmer descent but also including Chinese Cambodians, Vietnamese Cambodians, Cham people and other ethnicities of Cambodia. The term may also refer to Americans who have ancestors that are born, raised or from Cambodia.
Prior to 1975, most of the few Cambodians in the United States were children of upper income families or having government funded scholarships sent abroad to attend school. After the fall of Phnom Penh to the communist Khmer Rouge in 1975, a few Cambodians managed to escape, but not until the Khmer Rouge was overthrown in 1979 did large waves of Cambodians began immigrating to the United States as refugees. In order to encourage rapid assimilation into American culture and to spread the economic impact, the U.S. government settled the 150,000 refugees in various towns and cities throughout the country. However, once established enough to be able to communicate and travel, many Cambodians began migrating within the U.S. to certain localities where the climate was more like home, where they knew friends and relatives had been sent, or where there were rumored to be familiar jobs or higher government benefits. Consequently, large communities of Cambodians took root in cities such as Long Beach, Fresno and Stockton in California, Providence, Rhode Island, as well as Lynn and Lowell in Massachusetts, and in the Pacific Northwest, Seattle and Portland.
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Carol Burnett
Carol Creighton Burnett (born April 26, 1933) is an American actress, comedian, singer, dancer and writer. Burnett started her career in New York. After becoming a hit on Broadway, she made her television debut. After successful appearances on The Garry Moore Show, Burnett moved to Los Angeles and began an eleven-year run on The Carol Burnett Show which was aired on CBS television from 1967 to 1978. With roots in vaudeville, The Carol Burnett Show was a variety show which combined comedy sketches, song, and dance. The comedy sketches included film parodies and character pieces. Burnett created many characters during the show's television run.
Burnett was born in San Antonio, Texas, the daughter of Ina Louise (née Creighton), a publicity writer for movie studios, and Joseph Thomas Burnett, a movie theater manager. Both of her parents suffered from alcoholism, and at a young age she was left with her grandmother, Mabel Eudora White. Her parents divorced in the late 1930s, and Burnett and her grandmother moved to an apartment near her mother’s in an impoverished area of Hollywood. There, they stayed in a boarding house with her younger half-sister Chrissy.
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Carson Palmer
Carson Palmer (born December 27, 1979) is an American professional football quarterback for the Oakland Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Southern California and won the Heisman Trophy in 2002. He was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals first overall in the 2003 NFL Draft. He has been selected to two Pro Bowls.
Palmer was born in Fresno, California. He attended Santa Margarita Catholic High School in Rancho Santa Margarita, California.
By the time he was in seventh grade, Palmer had remarkable size and arm strength for his age. His father, Bill Palmer, enrolled him in private classes in Orange County taught by quarterback guru Bob Johnson.
Palmer's father was working on the East Coast when Palmer was scheduled to enroll in Santa Margarita Catholic High School as a freshman. Initially, the plan was to move the family to the East Coast but after careful consideration, Bill Palmer realized that the level of competition in California was best for Palmer. Palmer enrolled at Santa Margarita and Bill Palmer commuted home on weekends via airplane.
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Charles Grodin
Charles Grodin (born April 21, 1935) is an American actor, comedian, author and former cable talk show host. Grodin began his acting career in the 1960s appearing in TV serials including The Virginian. He had a small part as an obstetrician in Roman Polanski's Rosemary's Baby in 1968. In the 1970s he moved into film acting, including playing the lead in The Heartbreak Kid and a supporting role in Catch-22. He became a familiar face as a supporting actor in many 1980s Hollywood comedies, including Midnight Run, Taking Care of Business, Seems Like Old Times, The Great Muppet Caper, The Woman in Red, The Lonely Guy, Ishtar and The Couch Trip. He is probably best known for his role as George Newton in the 1990s John Hughes comedy franchise Beethoven.
Grodin has won several acting awards, including American Comedy Award for Funniest Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture for 1993's Dave, Best Actor at the 1988 Valladolid International Film Festival (for Midnight Run). He was nominated for Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for The Heartbreak Kid in 1972. He also shared a 1978 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program for his work on The Paul Simon Special.
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Cheryl Cox
Cheryl Cox (born 1949) is the mayor of Chula Vista, California.
Cox, daughter of retired United States Navy Officer, John Willett. Cox, and her husband of 30 years, San Diego County Supervisor and former Chula Vista Mayor Greg Cox, have two daughters, Elizabeth and Emmie. Both Cheryl and her two daughters have graduated from Chula Vista's Hilltop High School.
Cox received Master's degree in Political Science from San Diego State University and a Doctorate in Education from the University of Southern California. She worked for 30 years as a teacher, principal, and administrator in the Chula Vista Elementary School District; she was also an assistant professor at National University before being elected to the Chula Vista Elementary School District Board of Trustees in 2000. Dr. Cox was elected the 39th Mayor of Chula Vista, the second largest city in the County of San Diego, in 2006. Currently she is a member of the City of Chula Vista Charter Review Commission, Nature Center Board of Trustees and the President of the Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center Board of Directors. She is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino.
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Chinese American
Chinese Americans (Chinese: trad. 華裔美國人, simp. 华裔美国人, pin. Huáyì Měiguórén; t 美籍華人, s 美籍华人, p Měijí Huárén) are Americans of Chinese – particularly Han Chinese – descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and other countries in Southeast Asia and South America that include large populations of Chinese diaspora. Overall demographic research tends to include immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese who have immigrated from South East Asia into the broadly defined Chinese American category as both the governments of the Republic of China and the United States refer Taiwanese Americans as a separate subgroup of Chinese Americans.
The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community in North America, closely followed by the Chinese communities in Canada and Mexico. It is also the fourth largest in the Chinese diaspora, behind the Chinese communities in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The Chinese American community is the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans, comprising 25.9% of the Asian American population as of 2010. They constitute 1.2% of the United States, including those with partial Chinese ancestry. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million.
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Christopher Gorham
Christopher David Gorham (born August 14, 1974) is an American actor. He was known by the series, ABC hit Ugly Betty, Popular, Odyssey 5, Jake 2.0, Medical Investigation, Out of Practice, Harper's Island and Covert Affairs.
Gorham was born in Fresno, California to David Gorham, a certified public accountant and Cathryn Gorham, a school nurse. He attended high school at Roosevelt School of the Arts and graduated from UCLA with a BA in Film & Theater Arts. While in college, he participated in many sports including martial arts, stage combat, fencing, rollerblading, and ballroom dancing.
His first job in the business was as an intern on Baywatch (1989). Gorham has appeared in a number of science fiction TV series, ranging from a starring role in Odyssey 5 to the title character in Jake 2.0. He also had roles on Party of Five, Felicity and Without a Trace. Gorham has also acted in films, including 2001's The Other Side of Heaven co-starring Anne Hathaway.
Gorham played Harrison John in the WB series Popular, Dr. Miles McCabe in the NBC drama Medical Investigation, and played the lead role in the short lived CBS series Out of Practice. He was also the lead of ABC Family's original movie Relative Chaos.
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Chuck Reed
Charles Rufus "Chuck" Reed (born August 15, 1948) is an American politician and lawyer. Reed has served as the 64th Mayor of San Jose, California since 2007.
Reed was born in Garden City, Kansas. Reed's high school basketball team became Kansas State Champions. He joined the United States Air Force in 1970 after attending the United States Air Force Academy. At the Academy, he graduated number one in his class and served as cadet wing commander, the highest position a USAFA cadet can achieve. Reed was only the 9th person in the history of the United States Air Force Academy to max out (top score) on the Physical Fitness Test.[citation needed]
While in the Air Force, Reed attended Princeton University and received a Master's Degree in Public Affairs. Later, during the Vietnam War, he served in Thailand. He left the Air Force in 1975, having reached the rank of Captain, and attended Stanford Law School where he earned a Law degree in 1978.
After passing the bar, Reed moved to San Jose and began work as a private attorney. He specialized in environmental, employment, land use and real estate law, and commercial litigation.[citation needed]
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Dale Doig
Dale Doig was a local school teacher,[citation needed] who later served as mayor of Fresno, California between 1985 and 1989.
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Devin Nunes
Devin Nunes (born October 1, 1973) is the U.S. Representative for California's 21st congressional district, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district, located in the San Joaquin Valley, includes all of Tulare County, as well as much of eastern Fresno County. He is also the author of the book Restoring the Republic, published by WND Books in September 2010. Time magazine named Nunes one of the rising stars of American politics under 40, in their list of ″40 under 40″; that is, the top forty civic leaders under 40 years of age. Nunes is a member of two committees in the House of Representatives, Ways and Means and Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. He is also co-chair of the Brazil Caucus and the U.S.-Mexico Friendship Caucus.
Nunes was born in Tulare, California. His family has operated a farm in Tulare County for three generations. The Nunes family is of Portuguese descent, immigrating from the Azores to California.
Nunes graduated from Tulare Union High School. He is the second Member of Congress to attend Tulare Union, following Olympic gold medalist Bob Mathias three-decades later, who served in House of Representatives from 1967-1975. After associate's work at College of the Sequoias, Nunes graduated from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, where he received a bachelor’s degree in agricultural business and a master’s degree in agriculture.
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Dinuba, California
Dinuba is a city in Tulare County, California, United States. The population was 21,453 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Visalia Metropolitan Statistical Area according to the United States Census Bureau. The Alta District Museum is located in Dinuba in a restored railroad station; the museum has a collection of materials to illustrate local history.
Dinuba is located at 36°32′42″N 119°23′21″W / 36.545°N 119.38917°W / 36.545; -119.38917 (36.544898, -119.389260).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.5 square miles (17 km2), all of it land. The general topography is quite level ground, at an elevation of approximately 345 feet (105 m) above mean sea datum. The gradient is approximately ten feet per mile, from east-northeast to west-southwest. Groundwater generally also flows with the surface of the terrain, that is, from the northeast to the southwest. There are small hills to the northeast side of Dinuba with some elevations achieving heights of 526 feet (160 m).
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Don Kurth
Donald J. Kurth, Jr. (born April 26, 1949) is a physician, businessowner, educator, and mayor of the City of Rancho Cucamonga, California. He was elected President of the Rancho Cucamonga Chamber of Commerce in 1994, Director of the Cucamonga County Water District in 1996, appointed to the Rancho Cucamonga City Council in 2002, and elected mayor of Rancho Cucamonga on November 7, 2006.
Donald James Kurth, Jr. was born in Newport, Rhode Island where his father, also named Donald James Kurth, was stationed in the United States Navy. Don’s father and mother, Isabelle, both served in the hospital corps in the Navy throughout World War II. His mother taught Navy carrier pilots how to use oxygen masks for high altitude missions. His father served on the famous and highly decorated heavy cruiser, the USS New Orleans, in many battles including Pearl Harbor, Coral Sea, Midway, Eastern Solomons and Tassafaronga. During the night Battle of Tassafaronga in November 1942, the New Orleans engaged the famous “Tokyo Express” troop convoy which was supplying troops and supplies to block the United States Marine invasion of Gaudalcanal.
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Ernest Gutierrez
Ernest Gutierrez is the former mayor of El Monte, California.
Gutierrez was elected to the El Monte City Council in 2001 and was elected mayor two years later in 2003. He has been re-elected two times.
Gutierrez has been the subject of a large amount of negative publicity over the last year, as he was accused of being intoxicated at a city-sponsored event, implementing improvements on the street that his girlfriend, Graciela Solano, lives on, and being arrested for domestic violence.
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Filipino American
Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry, including those who migrated from the Philippines. There are over 3.4 million people of Filipino descent residing in the United States, according to the 2010 United States Census. Filipino Americans make up about 1.1% of the country's population and making them the second largest Asian American subgroup. The Philippines is also one of the major sources of immigration into the United States.
The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to "Fil-Ams", or "Pinoy". Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by the early Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines.
Filipinos in what is now the United States were first documented in the 16th century, with small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. The Philippines' independence recognized by the United States on July 4, 1946. Immigration was reduced significantly during the 1930s, except for those who served in the United States Navy, and increased following immigration reform in the 1960s.
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Gayle McLaughlin
Gayle McLaughlin ( /məˈklɔːflɨn/; born 1952 in Chicago, Illinois) is a California politician. She is a member of the Green Party and, since 2006, the mayor of Richmond, California. McLaughlin was elected on November 7, 2006 by a 242-vote margin over incumbent mayor Irma A. Anderson. Richmond is, as of 2009, the largest city in the country with a Green Party mayor.
McLaughlin is a social activist who has participated in the peace, social justice, civil rights, and environmental movements. She holds a Bachelor of Science degree in psychology, with graduate study in psychology and education.
She was First elected to the City Council in 2004, winning one of five open seats, with 11,191 votes or 10% in 2004. She has lived in Richmond since 2001..
McLaughlin was born into a working class union family. She is the middle child of five daughters born to a unionized carpenter and a housewife.
During the 1980s, McLaughlin was an activist with the Central American solidarity movement and a steering committee member of CISPES (Committee In Solidarity with the People of El Salvador). She also played an active role in the North Star Network, a national networking effort to unite progressives, and in coalition-building efforts with Rainbow/PUSH.
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Harvey Hall
Harvey L. Hall is the current mayor of Bakersfield, California, serving his third term, having last been re-elected in June 2008. Hall was first elected in 2000, and first re-elected in 2004. One of his focuses as mayor has been beautification, through "Keep Bakersfield Beautiful" and the creation of, and participation in, monthly "Mayor’s Freeway Cleanups", trash pickups on local freeways. Hall has donated his mayor’s salary to the Kern Community Foundation, which provides scholarships to local colleges, and to California State University, Bakersfield, for local students. He is the 25th mayor of the city.
Hall is the founder and current president of Hall Ambulance Service.
Halls employees qualify for food stamps
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Henry Perea
Henry T. Perea (born June 29, 1977 in Fresno, California) was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2010. He is a Democrat representing the 31st District, encompassing parts of Fresno and Tulare counties including Cutler-Orosi, Dinuba, Firebaugh, Fowler, Kerman, Mendota, Parlier, Reedley, Sanger, San Joaquin, Selma and the city of Fresno.
He is currently Chair of the Assembly Revenue and Taxation Committee and also sits on the Agriculture Committee, the Banking and Finance Committee, Governmental Organization Committee, and the Select Committee on the Renewable Energy Economy in Rural California.
Prior to his election to the Assembly, Perea served on the Fresno city council from 2003 to 2010. He was first elected to the council at the age of 25 and served as council president in 2007.
He is married to Yahaira Garcia-Perea and they have one daughter, Ava.
His father, Henry R. Perea, is a member of the Fresno County Board of Supervisors.
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Hmong American
A Hmong American is a resident of the United States who is of ethnic Hmong descent. Hmong Americans are one group of Asian Americans. Many Lao Hmong war refugees resettled in the U.S. following the communist takeover of Laos in 1975. Beginning in December of that year, the first Hmong refugees arrived in the U.S., mainly from refugee camps in Thailand; however, only 3,466 were granted asylum at this time under the Refugee Assistance Act of 1975.
In May 1976, another 11,000 Hmong were allowed to enter the United States. By 1978 some 30,000 Hmong had immigrated to the U.S. This first wave was made up primarily of men directly associated with General Vang Pao's Secret Army, which had been aligned with U.S. war efforts during the Vietnam War. Vang Pao's Secret Army, which was subsidized by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, fought mostly along the Ho Chi Minh Trail, where his forces sought to disrupt North Vietnamese weapons supply efforts to the communist VietCong rebel forces in South Vietnam. Four years later, with the passage of the Refugee Act of 1980, families of the Secret Army were also permitted to immigrate to the U.S., representing the second-wave of Hmong immigration to the U.S. The clans which the Hmong take their surnames from are: Chang (Tsaab) or Cha (Tsab), Chao (Tsom), Cheng (Tsheej), Chue (Tswb), Fang (Faaj) or Fa (Faj), Hang (Haam) or Ha (Ham), Her (Hawj), Khang (Khaab) or Kha (Khab), Kong (Koo) or Soung (Xoom), Kue (Kwm), Lee (Lis), Lor (Lauj), Moua (Muas), Thao (Thoj), Vang (Vaaj) or Va (Vaj), Vue (Vwj), Xiong (Xyooj) and Yang (Yaaj) or Ya (Yaj).
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Hmong people
The Hmong (RPA: Hmoob/Moob, IPA: [m̥ɔ̃ŋ]), are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity (苗族) in southern China. Hmong groups began a gradual southward migration in the 18th century due to political unrest and to find more arable land.
A number of Hmong people fought against the communist Pathet Lao during the Laotian Civil War. Hmong people were singled out for retribution when the Pathet Lao took over the Laotian government in 1975, and tens of thousands fled to Thailand seeking political asylum. Thousands of these refugees have resettled in Western countries since the late 1970s, mostly the United States but also in Australia, France, French Guiana, Canada, and South America. Others have been returned to Laos under United Nations-sponsored repatriation programs. Around 8,000 Hmong refugees remain in Thailand.
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Indian American
Indian Americans are Americans whose ancestral roots lie in India. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the indigenous peoples of the Americas commonly referred to as American Indians.
In North America, the term Indian has an ambiguous meaning. In the western hemisphere, historically and currently, Indian has been commonly used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Qualifying terms such as American Indian and East Indian were and are commonly used to avoid ambiguity.
While East Indian remains in use, South Asian is often chosen instead. The U.S. government coined Native American to refer to the indigenous peoples of the United States, but American Indian remains popular among the indigenous and general populations.
People of Indian origin often prefer the term Desi to refer to the diasporic subculture of South Asians. Indian Americans are categorized as Asian Indian (and more broadly, Asian American) by the United States Census Bureau.
It was after the Luce–Celler Act of 1946, that Indian Americans were restored naturalization rights in the United States. A number of Indian Americans came to the U.S. via Indian communities in other countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada, in both of which 2% of the population is currently of Indian origin,Mauritius, nations of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Guyana, Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Trinidad & Tobago, and Jamaica.
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James T Butts Jr
James T. Butts Jr.
James T. Butts, Jr. (born August 1, 1953) is the 12th and current Mayor of the City of Inglewood, California. He is the 4th African-American Mayor of the City of Inglewood. Previously he served the City of Inglewood for 19 years where he received several promotions until he was sworn in as Deputy Chief of Police for the City of Inglewood. In September 1991 he was sworn in as Chief of Police for the City of Santa Monica, California serving from 1991 to 2006. In August 2006 he was appointed to the position of Deputy Executive Director for Public Safety for the Los Angeles World Airports.
Mr. James T. Butts, Jr. is a graduate of Cal Poly Univ-Pomona where he received an MBA in June 1994. He was a California State University-Los Angeles (CSULA) graduate with a Bachelor's Degree before earning his MBA. He also holds a number of command and management certificates from the California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST). He is a graduate of the POST Command College and a past president of the Peace Officers Association of Los Angeles County. He has received several certifications and training from the National Incident Management System - Federal Emergency Management Agency.
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Japanese American
Japanese Americans (日系米国人, Nikkei Beikokujin?) are American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades, it have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,304,286, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702.
People from Japan began migrating to the U.S. in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Particularly after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Japanese immigrants were sought by industrialists to replace the Chinese immigrants. In 1907, the "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the governments of Japan and the U.S. ended immigration of Japanese workers (i.e., men), but permitted the immigration of spouses of Japanese immigrants already in the U.S. The Immigration Act of 1924 banned the immigration of all but a token few Japanese.
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Japanese Americans
Japanese Americans (日系米国人, Nikkei Beikokujin?) are American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades, it have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,304,286, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702.
People from Japan began migrating to the U.S. in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Particularly after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Japanese immigrants were sought by industrialists to replace the Chinese immigrants. In 1907, the "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the governments of Japan and the U.S. ended immigration of Japanese workers (i.e., men), but permitted the immigration of spouses of Japanese immigrants already in the U.S. The Immigration Act of 1924 banned the immigration of all but a token few Japanese.
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Jean Quan
Jean Quan (Chinese: 關麗珍; pinyin: Guān Lìzhēn; born October 21, 1949) is the Democratic mayor of Oakland, California. She previously served as City Council member for Oakland's 4th District. Upon inauguration on January 3, 2011, she became Oakland's first female mayor.
Mayor Quan received national criticism for her handling of the Occupy Oakland protests in late October 2011.
Quan's husband, Dr. Floyd Huen, is a doctor of internal medicine for Alameda County. They met at UC Berkeley as activists on Asian-American issues.
Quan was on the Oakland School Board for 12 years, starting in 1990 after organizing a citywide parent organization, Save Our Schools. As a parent leader she helped save the music program in the Oakland Schools. She served as chair of the California Urban Schools Association, the Asian Pacific Islanders School Board Members Association (APISBMA), and the Council of Urban Boards Association (the urban caucus of the National School Board Association representing the nation's 100 largest districts). She was appointed by the Clinton Administration to represent School Boards on the Title I Rules Making Committee.[citation needed] In these roles she advocated for more funding for urban and immigrant students, more inclusion of minority community history in textbooks, comprehensive school services and after school programs, and expansion of pre-school and adult education programs.
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Jim Costa
James Manuel "Jim" Costa (born April 13, 1952) is the U.S. Representative for California's 20th congressional district, serving since his initial election in 2004. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district takes in large and predominantly Latino portions of Fresno and Bakersfield in the Central Valley.
Born in Fresno, Costa is a third-generation family farmer. His grandparents emigrated from Portugal's Azores Islands in the early 20th century. He attended San Joaquin Memorial High School and graduated in the class of 1970. He then graduated in 1974 from Fresno State, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.[citation needed] He worked as a special assistant to Congressman John Krebs from 1975 to 1976, and as administrative assistant to Assemblyman Richard Lehman from 1976 to 1978.
Costa represented part of Fresno in the state legislature for 24 years, serving in the California State Assembly from 1978 until 1994, and in the California State Senate from 1994 until 2002.
Like most Democrats from the Central Valley, Costa is somewhat more conservative than is typical for Democrats from California. He is a member of the Blue Dog Coalition.
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Josh Koscheck
Josh D. Koscheck (born November 30, 1977) is an American mixed martial artist from Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, a former collegiate wrestling champion and is currently fighting at welterweight for the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He made his debut with the organization on the first season of the reality television show, The Ultimate Fighter. Koscheck has fought for the company a record 19 times since 2005. Koscheck is often ranked among the top ten welterweights in the world by leading mixed martial arts publications. Sherdog currently ranks Koscheck at No. 7.
Josh Koscheck has a strong, well-documented base in collegiate wrestling, dating back to his years at Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, where he attended the university on an athletic scholarship. In 2001, during his Junior season, Koscheck won all 42 of his wrestling matches and went on to become the NCAA Division I Champion in the 174 lb weight class.
In addition to being a four-time NCAA Division I All-American (placing 4th, 2nd, 1st and 3rd respectively), Koscheck is a three-time recipient of the PSAC Wrestler of the Year award and earned the Eastern Wrestling League Achievement Award twice.
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Karen Humphrey
Karen Humphrey was a local news reporter, who later served as mayor of Fresno, California between 1989 and 1993. She was Fresno's first female mayor. She lost re-election to businessman Jim Patterson, not only losing in the primary, but only receiving 18% of the vote, and finishing third overall.
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Kevin Federline
Kevin Earl Federline (born March 21, 1978) is an American dancer, rapper, fashion model, and actor. Previously engaged to actress Shar Jackson, Federline is well known for his two-year marriage to Britney Spears. The couple's divorce was highly publicized and was followed by an ongoing legal battle for the custody of their two sons, Sean Preston Federline and Jayden James Federline.
Federline was born to parents Mike, a car mechanic, and Julie, a former bank teller from Oregon; the name Federline is of German origin. Federline has one brother, Chris. His parents divorced when he was eight years old. When Federline was eleven, he and Chris moved back to his father's Fresno house. Federline dropped out of high school in the ninth grade and soon started dancing with a nonprofit organization called Dance Empowerment. Federline later earned a GED.
Federline was a backup dancer for a number of years for Michael Jackson, Justin Timberlake, Destiny's Child, Pink, and LFO.
Federline initially released two singles, "Y'all Ain't Ready" and "PopoZão," shortly after his marriage to Spears. Following poor critical reaction, neither song was included on his debut album. Instead, the first official single was "Lose Control," which he premiered on the Teen Choice Awards show on the Fox network in late summer 2006. He released his debut album, Playing with Fire, on October 31, 2006, which became one of the worst-received albums in recent music history, receiving the lowest score in an overwhelming majority of reviews as well as lackluster sales.
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Kevin Johnson
Kevin Maurice Johnson (born March 4, 1966) is the current mayor of Sacramento, the capital city of the U.S. state of California. He is Sacramento's first African American mayor. Prior to entering politics, Johnson was a professional basketball player in the NBA, playing point guard for the Cleveland Cavaliers and the Phoenix Suns. As a player, he was a three-time NBA All-Star and five-time All-NBA selection who holds many records for the Phoenix Suns franchise. At University of California, Berkeley, Johnson had been a two-time All-Pac-10 Conference player who was also an honorable-mention All-American by the Associated Press sportswriters. Johnson was a 2000 graduate of the Harvard Divinity School Summer Leadership Institute, a program that prepares students for work in faith-based urban economic revitalization. He also has a B.A. in Political Science from UC Berkeley that he completed after his initial retirement from the NBA.
Johnson, the son of Georgia West and Lawrence Johnson, was born March 4, 1966 in Sacramento. After Johnson's father drowned in an accident in the Sacramento River, he was raised by his grandparents, the Peat family. He attended Sacramento High School, where he starred in both baseball and basketball and led the state of California in scoring (32.5 ppg) during his senior year.
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Korean American
Korean Americans (Korean: 한국계 미국인, Hanja: 韓國系美國人, Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent, mostly from South Korea, with a small minority from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.6% of the United States population, or about 1.7 million people, and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The U.S. is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after the People's Republic of China.
While people living in North Korea cannot leave or emigrate from their country with rare exceptions, there are numbers of people of North Korean origin living in the U.S., primarily those who fled to the south during the Korean War and then later migrated to the United States. Also, since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 allowed North Korean defectors to be admitted as refugees, about 130 have settled in the U.S. under that status.
According to the 2010 Census, there were approximately 1.7 million people of Korean descent residing in the United States, making it the country with the second largest Korean population living outside Korea (after the People's Republic of China). The ten states with the largest estimated Korean American populations were California (452,000; 1.2%), New York (141,000, 0.7%), New Jersey (94,000, 1.1%), Virginia (71,000, 0.9%), Texas (68,000, 0.3%), Washington (62,400, 0.9%), Illinois (61,500, 0.5%), Georgia (52,500, 0.5%), Maryland (49,000, 0.8%), and Pennsylvania (41,000, 0.3%). Hawaii was the state with the highest concentration of Korean Americans, at 1.8%, or 23,200 people.
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Laotian American
A Laotian American is a resident of the United States who was originally from Laos, a person of Laotian descent residing in America, or a citizen born in the United States whose parents were originally from Laos. Laotian Americans are included in the larger category of Asian Americans. The major immigrant generation were generally refugees who escaped Laos during the warfare and disruption of the 1970s, and entered refugee camps in Thailand across the Mekong River. They emigrated to the United States during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s.
Although many Hmong people are from Laos, they have a distinct culture, language and ethnicity, and identify as a different ethnic group. They generally identify as Hmong Americans, rather than Lao American.
The "national origin" category of Laotian American, which is different than ethnic groups, includes all ethnic groups who lived within the borders of Laos, such as the Hmong, ethnic Chinese, ethnic Vietnamese, and ethnic French or other Europeans.
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Linda Halderman
Linda Halderman is an American politician currently serving in the California State Assembly. She is a Republican representing the 29th district, encompassing parts of Fresno and Madera counties.
Linda Halderman is a board-certified General Surgeon who specializes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Halderman graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a bachelor's degree in English from the University of Illinois. She earned a Medical Degree and completed residency training at the UCSF-Fresno general surgery program.
Halderman is currently sitting on these committees in the California State Legislature:
Halderman is currently sitting on the these caucus in the California State Legislature:
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Mexican American
Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican descent. As of July 2009, Mexican Americans make up 10.3% of the United States' population with over 31,689,000 Americans listed as of Mexican ancestry. Mexican Americans comprise 66% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second largest Mexican community in the world second only to Mexico itself comprising nearly 22% of the entire Mexican origin population of the world. Canada is a distant third with a Mexican origin population of 37,000 as of 2001 although increasing to 61,505 as of 2006. In addition, as of 2008 there were approximately 7,000,000 undocumented Mexicans living in the United States which if included in the count would increase the US share to over 28% of the world's Mexican origin population (Note that some of the undocumented would be captured in the US Census count depending on their willingness to provide information). Over 60% of all Mexican Americans reside in the states of California and Texas. Most Mexican Americans are the descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico and/or Europeans, especially Spaniards.
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Non-Hispanic Whites
Non-Hispanic Whites or White, Not Hispanic or Latino are people in the United States, as defined by the Census Bureau, who are of the White race and are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity. Hence the designation is exclusive in the sense that it defines who is not included as opposed to who is. Non-Hispanic Whites are a subset of White Americans, the other being White Hispanic and Latino Americans.
The vast majority of Non-Hispanic Whites trace their origins to Europe. A small number have origin in North Africa or the Middle East. In the U.S., this population was first derived from British and French colonization, as well as settlement by other Europeans, such as the Germans and Dutch that began in the 17th century (see History of the United States). Continued growth since the early 1800s is attributed to massive immigration from European countries, mainly Germany, Ireland, Italy, Sweden, Poland, Russia, among other nations. At an estimated 199.3 million in 2009, Non-Hispanic Whites compose a solid majority of the United States population.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire or Turkish Empire or Sublime Ottoman State or sometimes also referred to as Turkey (Ottoman Turkish: دَوْلَتِ عَلِيّهٔ عُثمَانِیّه Devlet-i ʿAliyye-yi ʿOsmâniyye (also عثمانلى دولتى Osmanlı Devleti),Modern Turkish: Osmanlı Devleti or Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was a Turkish empire which lasted from 27 July 1299 to 1 November 1922, when the Sultanate was abolished.
The Ottoman Empire was one of the largest and longest lasting empires in history; such that the Ottoman State, its politics, conflicts, and cultural heritage in a vast geography provide one of the longest continuous narratives. During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire was one of the most powerful states in the world – a multinational, multilingual empire that stretched from the southern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to the outskirts of Vienna, Royal Hungary (modern Slovakia) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the north to Yemen and Eritrea in the south; from Algeria in the west to Azerbaijan in the east; controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, some of which were later absorbed into the empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.
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Philip Levine (poet)
Philip Levine (b. January 10, 1928, Detroit, Michigan) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American poet best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. He taught for over thirty years at the English Department of California State University, Fresno and held teaching positions at other universities as well. He is appointed to serve as the Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012.
Philip Levine grew up in industrial Detroit, the second of three sons and the first of identical twins of Jewish immigrant parents. His father, Harry Levine, owned a used auto parts business, his mother, Esther Priscol (Prisckulnick) Levine, was a bookseller. When Levine was five years old, his father died. Growing up, he faced the anti-Semitism embodied by the pro-Hitler radio priest Father Coughlin.
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Puerto Rican people
A Puerto Rican (Spanish: puertorriqueño) (Taíno term: boricua) is a person who was born in Puerto Rico.
People born and raised in other parts of the world, most notably in the continental United States, of Puerto Rican parents are also sometimes referred to as Puerto Ricans, even though they were not born in Puerto Rico themselves. Since 2007, the government of Puerto Rico has been granting Certificates of Puerto Rican citizenship to any person born on the island as well as to those born outside of the island that have at least one parent who was born on the island.
Puerto Ricans, who also commonly refer to themselves as "boricuas", are largely the descendants of Europeans, Taíno, Africans or a blend of these groups which has produced a very diversified population. The population of Puerto Ricans and descendants is estimated to be between 8 to 10 million worldwide, with most living within the islands of Puerto Rico, Central Florida, Chicago Metropolitan Area and in New York City, where there is a large Nuyorican community.
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Ronald O. Loveridge
Ronald O. Loveridge is the current mayor of Riverside, California, United States. He resides in Riverside with his wife Marsha and has two adult children. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of the Pacific and his doctorate from Stanford and teaches a Political Science course at UC Riverside.
He was elected to the Riverside City council in 1979, and served in that role until 1993. He was elected as the Mayor of Riverside in 1993, and has been re-elected in 1997, 2001, 2005, and 2009. His 5th term will end in 2012.
Loveridge has presented his stance on environmental issues in a public document titled "The Mayor’s Call to Action for a Sustainable Riverside."
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Salvadoran American
Salvadoran Americans are citizens or residents of the United States of Salvadoran descent. As of 2010 there are 1.6 million Salvadoran Americans in the United States, the fourth-largest Hispanic community by nation of ancestry.
One of the largest populations of Salvadoran Americans resides in the Greater Los Angeles area, including Orange County, California, the Inland Empire, as well as in San Diego. Other metropolitan areas with a major Salvadoran American presence include other California regions outside of Los Angeles such as the San Francisco Bay Area; the Washington Metropolitan Area, with most concentrated in the suburbs in Northern Virginia and Maryland; Central Florida and South Florida; Texas, especially in Houston, Austin, Dallas and Fort Worth; the New York City area such as Northern New Jersey, Flushing, Queens and Long Island; Atlanta; northern Georgia; New Orleans; and the Chicago metro area.
Salvadoran immigration to the United States is a fairly recent phenomenon historically, with the movement small in comparison to some of the great immigration waves of the past, but it has had a profound significance for both El Salvador and the United States.
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Shinzen Young
Shinzen Young (真善, Shinzen?) is an American meditation teacher. He leads residential meditation retreats for students interested in learning the Vipassana (mindfulness) tradition of Buddhism. Although Vipassana is traditionally a Theravada technique, Shinzen was originally ordained in Japan as a monk in the Shingon (Japanese Vajrayana) tradition. He has studied and practiced extensively in other traditions, including Zen and Native American traditions.
He frequently uses concepts from mathematics as a metaphor to illustrate the abstract concepts of meditation. As a result, his teachings tend to be popular among academics and professionals. His interest in integrating meditation with scientific paradigms has led to collaborations with neuroscientists at UCLA and the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is working on various ways to bring a secular mindfulness practice to a wider audience, using revamped terminology and techniques and automated expert systems.
Shinzen was born Steve Young in Los Angeles, California. He had a strong interest in Japanese language and Asian culture in high school, which led to him living as an exchange student in Japan. There he was exposed to Buddhism and Buddhist teachers, which eventually led him to become a monk.
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Sukhee Kang
Sukhee Kang (Korean: 강석희; born September 15, 1952) is the current mayor of Irvine, California. Kang is a Korean American Democrat. On July 6, 2011, he announced his candidacy for the United States Congress. If elected, he would be the only Korean-American in Congress, and only the second ever to serve after Republican representative Jay Kim.
Sukhee Kang (강석희) was born at Yeji-dong near Jongno 5-ga in Seoul, South Korea to merchant parents from the city of Kaesong. He served military draft duty in the Republic of Korea Army from 1973-75 and immigrated to the United States in June 1977 from South Korea after receiving his Bachelor’s degree in agricultural economics from Korea University in Seongbuk-gu, Seoul. When he was in a college, he joined the English debating club named Seoul PTC (Pine Tree Club) and served as the president from 1971-72. He received an honorary doctoral degree in Business Administration from Dongseo University in Busan, South Korea in March 2011.
He began his professional career at Circuit City as a sales and customer service representative for 15 years (1977-92) , then since 1992, volunteered at KASF(Korean American Scholarship Foundation), KACF(Korean American Community Foundation) and the Orange County Branch of Korean American Corporation, serving as the president in KADC(Korean American Democratic Committee) .
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Teri Garr
Terry Ann "Teri" Garr (born December 11, 1947) is an American film , theatre and television actress and dancer best known for her roles in Young Frankenstein, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Tootsie, Mr. Mom. After Hours, One From the Heart and Friends.
Garr was born in Lakewood, Ohio in 1947. Her father, Eddie Garr (born Edward Leo Gonnoud), was a vaudeville performer, comedian and actor whose career peaked when he briefly took over the lead role in the Broadway drama Tobacco Road. Her mother, Phyllis Lind (née Emma Schmotzer), was a dancer, a Rockette, wardrobe mistress, and model. Her father was of Irish descent and her maternal grandparents were Austrian immigrants.
Early in her career, she was credited, variously, as Terri Garr, Terry Garr, Teri Hope, or Terry Carr. Garr's movie debut was as an extra in 1963's A Swingin' Affair. At the end of her senior year, Garr auditioned for the cast of the Los Angeles Road Company production of West Side Story, where she met one of the most important people in her early career, David Winters, who became her friend, her dance teacher, and her mentor and cast her in many of his early movies and projects.
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Tom Bates
Thomas H. Bates (born February 9, 1938) is an American politician and is currently serving as the Mayor of Berkeley, California. He previously served 20 years as a member of the California State Assembly before being termed out in 1996. Bates is married to Loni Hancock, a former mayor of Berkeley and State Assembly member who currently serves in the California State Senate. Bates is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley and was a member of the Golden Bears' 1959 Rose Bowl team. Bates was a Captain in the United States Army Reserves after graduating from college and served in Germany. He worked in real estate prior to his service in the state legislature. Bates also served as a member of the Alameda County Board of Supervisors.
Bates served in the California State Assembly representing the 14th District (the East Bay Area) from 1976 to 1996. During those 20 years, Bates was known as one of the legislature's most liberal members. Under Republican governors, Bates authored over 220 bills that became law, including the creation of the East Bay Shoreline State Park, a number of progressive social policy laws, and the founding of the first Community Bank in the Bay Area. Bates authored the first legislation in the country allowing "brew pubs" - establishments that brew their own beer for sales on and off the premises and are typically combined with a restaurant.
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Vietnamese American
A Vietnamese American (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt) is an American of Vietnamese descent. They make up about half of all overseas Vietnamese (Người Việt Hải Ngoại) and are the fourth-largest Asian American group.
Mass Vietnamese immigration to the United States started after 1975, after the end of the Vietnam War. Early immigrants were refugee boat people fleeing persecution or poverty. Forced to flee from their homeland and often thrust into poor urban neighborhoods, these newcomers have nevertheless managed to establish strong communities in a short amount of time. More than sixty percent of Vietnamese Americans reside in the states of California, Texas, Washington, Florida, and Virginia.
As a relatively recent immigrant group, most Vietnamese Americans are either first- or second-generation Americans. They have the lowest distribution of people with more than one race among the major Asian American groups. As many as one million people who are five years and older speak Vietnamese at home—making it the seventh-most spoken language in the United States. As refugees, Vietnamese Americans have some of the highest rates of naturalization. In the 2006 American Community Survey, 72% of foreign-born Vietnamese are naturalized US citizens; this combined with the 36% who are born in the United States makes 82% of them United States citizen in total. Of those born outside the United States, 46.5% entered before 1990, 38.8% between 1990 and 2000, and 14.6% entered after 2000.
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William Saroyan
William Saroyan ( /səˈrɔɪ.ən/; Armenian: Ուիլյամ Սարոեան Vilyam Saroyan; 31 August 1908 – 18 May 1981) was an Armenian American dramatist and author. The setting of many of his stories and plays is the center of Armenian-American life in California in his native Fresno.
Saroyan was born in Fresno, California, to Armenian immigrants who came to the United States from Bitlis, which was located in the Ottoman Empire. At the age of three, after his father's death, Saroyan, along with his brother and sister, was placed in an orphanage in Oakland, California. He later went on to describe his experience in the orphanage in his writings. Five years later, the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takoohi, had already secured work at a cannery. He continued his education on his own, supporting himself with jobs, such as working as an office manager for the San Francisco Telegraph Company.
Saroyan decided to become a writer after his mother showed him some of his father's writings. A few of his early short articles were published in Overland Monthly. His first stories appeared in the 1930s. Among these was "The Broken Wheel", written under the name Sirak Goryan and published in the Armenian journal Hairenik in 1933. Many of Saroyan's stories were based on his childhood experiences among the Armenian-American fruit growers of the San Joaquin Valley or dealt with the rootlessness of the immigrant. The short story collection My Name is Aram (1940), an international bestseller, was about a young boy and the colorful characters of his immigrant family. It has been translated into many languages.
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Fresno, California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Fresno, California...559
http://wn.com/Fresno,_California
CA 99 (North) Fresno, California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:21
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
CA 99 north through the Metropolitan Area of Fresno. Includes lots of information on CA 99 and Fresno. Sorry about it being dark in the beginning. It has a little cloudy in the southern part of the valley that day. Its sunny by the time we hit Downtown. Facebook Page: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/CA_99_North_Fresno,_California
CA 99 north through the Metropolitan Area of Fresno. Includes lots of information on CA 99 and Fresno. Sorry about it being dark in the beginning. It has a little cloudy in the southern part of the valley that day. Its sunny by the time we hit Downtown. Facebook Page: www.facebook.com
- published: 26 Jun 2012
- views: 1090
- author: InterstateKyle
Strange Alien Stick-like creatures caught on security camera above Fresno in Yosemite (Video Tests)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
I did more tests on the original video. Here it is with my tests. I added music so it would not be silent for 3 minutes. Show it to everyone you know and hopefully someone will know what these are! -- A retired couple was having trouble with break-ins in their Yosemite private property and aimed their security camera at the driveway to video visitors. They caught these things on their security camera and called me over to see because they know I am interested in the paranormal. They gave me this digital copy but I can't figure out what the crap they are! They remind me of the Fresno Stick-like creatures but they seem to transfer weight and there are two here. Is one a baby? What are these!? Nightcrawlers? Stickmen? Something new? What?
http://wn.com/Strange_Alien_Stick-like_creatures_caught_on_security_camera_above_Fresno_in_Yosemite_Video_Tests
I did more tests on the original video. Here it is with my tests. I added music so it would not be silent for 3 minutes. Show it to everyone you know and hopefully someone will know what these are! -- A retired couple was having trouble with break-ins in their Yosemite private property and aimed their security camera at the driveway to video visitors. They caught these things on their security camera and called me over to see because they know I am interested in the paranormal. They gave me this digital copy but I can't figure out what the crap they are! They remind me of the Fresno Stick-like creatures but they seem to transfer weight and there are two here. Is one a baby? What are these!? Nightcrawlers? Stickmen? Something new? What?
- published: 06 Apr 2011
- views: 336727
- author: sierraparahunter
Fresno (A Drive Thru Fresno California Central Valley)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
A Drive Thru Fresno California The Biggest City in The Central Valley is The City of Fresno California the Closest big Cities to Fresno would have to be in Los Angeles vicinity or the San Francisco Bay Area ... Music by : Zeropage Website : www.jamendo.com Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 creativecommons.org
http://wn.com/Fresno_A_Drive_Thru_Fresno_California_Central_Valley
A Drive Thru Fresno California The Biggest City in The Central Valley is The City of Fresno California the Closest big Cities to Fresno would have to be in Los Angeles vicinity or the San Francisco Bay Area ... Music by : Zeropage Website : www.jamendo.com Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 creativecommons.org
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 1842
- author: TVNacos
UFO cruzing around fresno california
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 06 Sep 2012
kingufokid morphing plane ufo WATCH WHEN IT GOES BEHIND TREE !hologram triangle ovnis ufohunter friedman area51 secret air base ufotv mausson pheonix lights orb probe alien spave ship craft flying saucer unknown best ever caught on tape demon paranormal and orbs
http://wn.com/UFO_cruzing_around_fresno_california
kingufokid morphing plane ufo WATCH WHEN IT GOES BEHIND TREE !hologram triangle ovnis ufohunter friedman area51 secret air base ufotv mausson pheonix lights orb probe alien spave ship craft flying saucer unknown best ever caught on tape demon paranormal and orbs
- published: 27 Jul 2009
- views: 10769
- author: ufoattacks
LATEST UFO VIDEO MASS SIGHTING Fresno Kevin Williams GoNewsNOW MAY 2012 Double UFOs KSEE TV NBC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:24
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
LATEST NEW FRESNO UFO VIDEO OF TWO UFO'S DOUBLE UFO SIGHTING BRIGHT FLASHING OBJECTS OVER FRESNO CALIFORNIA AMAZING MASS SIGHTING This is the ONLY VIDEO OF THE orginal morning sighting by Kevin Williams that alerted ALL OF FRESNO TO THE DAYS EVENTS and triggered the KSEE Interview with Kevin Williams of GoNewsNOW.TV A THIRD UFO WAS LATER SEEN AROUND 6:30PM BY MOST OF FRESNO AND THE OTHER VIDEOGRAPHERS...I will post my video of the third UFO soon. Thanks to Kevin and KSEE for BREAKING NEWS to the world! AND STARTING THE MASS SIGHTING ! Glowing sparkling colorful hovering near airplane near by moon daytime commentary real actual two objects in sky with commentary SEE THE NBC KSEE 24 NEWS REPORT FEATURING THIS VIDEO AND KEVIN WILLIAMS RIGHT HERE: www.gonewsnow.net
http://wn.com/LATEST_UFO_VIDEO_MASS_SIGHTING_Fresno_Kevin_Williams_GoNewsNOW_MAY_2012_Double_UFOs_KSEE_TV_NBC
LATEST NEW FRESNO UFO VIDEO OF TWO UFO'S DOUBLE UFO SIGHTING BRIGHT FLASHING OBJECTS OVER FRESNO CALIFORNIA AMAZING MASS SIGHTING This is the ONLY VIDEO OF THE orginal morning sighting by Kevin Williams that alerted ALL OF FRESNO TO THE DAYS EVENTS and triggered the KSEE Interview with Kevin Williams of GoNewsNOW.TV A THIRD UFO WAS LATER SEEN AROUND 6:30PM BY MOST OF FRESNO AND THE OTHER VIDEOGRAPHERS...I will post my video of the third UFO soon. Thanks to Kevin and KSEE for BREAKING NEWS to the world! AND STARTING THE MASS SIGHTING ! Glowing sparkling colorful hovering near airplane near by moon daytime commentary real actual two objects in sky with commentary SEE THE NBC KSEE 24 NEWS REPORT FEATURING THIS VIDEO AND KEVIN WILLIAMS RIGHT HERE: www.gonewsnow.net
- published: 14 May 2012
- views: 180210
- author: GoNewsNOW
Homeless in Fresno California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 05 May 2012
http://wn.com/Homeless_in_Fresno_California
Paisajes en fresno california
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:58
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
este lugar esta en fresno ca. esta muy paradiciaco
http://wn.com/Paisajes_en_fresno_california
este lugar esta en fresno ca. esta muy paradiciaco
- published: 03 Jan 2010
- views: 2943
- author: aflojamas
Fresno California Water Park
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Having fun.
http://wn.com/Fresno_California_Water_Park
Murderabilia - Serial Killers Ink on News Fresno, California ABC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 15 Apr 2012
Serial Killers Ink on the News ABC - Fresno, California. regarding Murderabilia and the website Serial Killers Ink
http://wn.com/Murderabilia_Serial_Killers_Ink_on_News_Fresno,_California_ABC
Serial Killers Ink on the News ABC - Fresno, California. regarding Murderabilia and the website Serial Killers Ink
- published: 17 Nov 2009
- views: 4998
- author: ericgein
Fresno, California Economic And Housing Market Forecasts (part 1 of 4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:26
- Updated: 04 Aug 2010
Part 1 of 4 Fresno, California Economic And Housing Market Forecasts: Years 2008 - 2010 & 5 Year Forecast: This video covers housing market conditions, housing price trends, housing sales volume trends, distribution of sales by price range, distressed housing trends and forecasts, housing construction, employment conditions, economic conditions, 30-year fixed mortgage interest rates, population growth, housing demand and supply, housing over / under supply, housing valuation, price trends, year over year price changes, and many other topics.
http://wn.com/Fresno,_California_Economic_And_Housing_Market_Forecasts_part_1_of_4
Part 1 of 4 Fresno, California Economic And Housing Market Forecasts: Years 2008 - 2010 & 5 Year Forecast: This video covers housing market conditions, housing price trends, housing sales volume trends, distribution of sales by price range, distressed housing trends and forecasts, housing construction, employment conditions, economic conditions, 30-year fixed mortgage interest rates, population growth, housing demand and supply, housing over / under supply, housing valuation, price trends, year over year price changes, and many other topics.
- published: 30 Jun 2010
- views: 554
- author: realestateeconomics
Fresno California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Un paseo por algunos rincones de la Ciudad de Fresno, California, USA; donde actualmente vivo
http://wn.com/Fresno_California
Un paseo por algunos rincones de la Ciudad de Fresno, California, USA; donde actualmente vivo
- published: 28 Oct 2008
- views: 6613
- author: Baltazar Avila
Table Mountain Casino near Fresno California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Table Mountain Casino is one awesome place to go play Slot Machines at anytime day or night to enjoy a wondeful fun time with friends or family near Fresno California The Video game slots is awesome to play and win some money enjoying different kinds of slots fom change machines to dollar machines Table Mountain Casino is one awesome place to go & enjoy a wonderful Weekend or Weekday with friends and family I sure hope you all enjoy this Video i put together of the Table Mountain Casino near the city of Fresno California enjoy. Music by Cronista do Apocalipse Website www.jamendo.com Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 creativecommons.org
http://wn.com/Table_Mountain_Casino_near_Fresno_California
Table Mountain Casino is one awesome place to go play Slot Machines at anytime day or night to enjoy a wondeful fun time with friends or family near Fresno California The Video game slots is awesome to play and win some money enjoying different kinds of slots fom change machines to dollar machines Table Mountain Casino is one awesome place to go & enjoy a wonderful Weekend or Weekday with friends and family I sure hope you all enjoy this Video i put together of the Table Mountain Casino near the city of Fresno California enjoy. Music by Cronista do Apocalipse Website www.jamendo.com Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 creativecommons.org
- published: 09 Jun 2012
- views: 887
- author: TVNacos
Craigslist Fresno CA Used Cars and Trucks - Vehicles Searched Under $1200
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
www.waltermartinsales.com - Millions of hard working California residents are looking for great sales and deals on used cars and trucks. When looking on Craigslist Fresno CA most will find a plethora of vehicles under $1200. Some of the vehicles noted in this video include a Chevrolet Silverado, Toyota 4Runner and Dodge Dakota. Always do some extra research and find the best opportunities in your area. Google+ Craigslist Fresno Used Cars Post: plus.google.com
http://wn.com/Craigslist_Fresno_CA_Used_Cars_and_Trucks_Vehicles_Searched_Under_1200
www.waltermartinsales.com - Millions of hard working California residents are looking for great sales and deals on used cars and trucks. When looking on Craigslist Fresno CA most will find a plethora of vehicles under $1200. Some of the vehicles noted in this video include a Chevrolet Silverado, Toyota 4Runner and Dodge Dakota. Always do some extra research and find the best opportunities in your area. Google+ Craigslist Fresno Used Cars Post: plus.google.com
- published: 25 Apr 2012
- views: 7020
- author: WalterMartinSales
Main Street USA - Fresno California - 17 Sep 07 - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:13
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
The harsh struggles faced by Oaxacan farmworkers in California's central valley.
http://wn.com/Main_Street_USA_Fresno_California_17_Sep_07_Part_1
The harsh struggles faced by Oaxacan farmworkers in California's central valley.
- published: 19 Sep 2007
- views: 3821
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Daniil Trifonov, pianist performs in Fresno, California and gives an interview following his recital
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:32
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
Philip Lorenz Memorial Keyboard Concerts, Feb. 19, 2012, Andreas Werz, Artistic Director, Fresno, Californiaarioso7.wordpress.com
http://wn.com/Daniil_Trifonov,_pianist_performs_in_Fresno,_California_and_gives_an_interview_following_his_recital
Philip Lorenz Memorial Keyboard Concerts, Feb. 19, 2012, Andreas Werz, Artistic Director, Fresno, Californiaarioso7.wordpress.com
- published: 20 Feb 2012
- views: 8817
- author: arioso7
Main Street USA - Fresno California - 17 Sep 07 - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:15
- Updated: 12 Jun 2012
The harsh struggles faced by Oaxacan farmworkers in California's central valley.
http://wn.com/Main_Street_USA_Fresno_California_17_Sep_07_Part_2
The harsh struggles faced by Oaxacan farmworkers in California's central valley.
- published: 19 Sep 2007
- views: 1188
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Snow in Fresno, California 12/19/1998
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:15
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Snow in Fresno, CA on 12/19/98. Riding Go Karts and playing in the snow in our backyard.
http://wn.com/Snow_in_Fresno,_California_12_19_1998
Snow in Fresno, CA on 12/19/98. Riding Go Karts and playing in the snow in our backyard.
- published: 20 Jun 2008
- views: 5502
- author: Joe Khoe
Election Day Apple Valley Farms Shooting - Fresno California Mass 7 Wounded
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Lets pray for the families.
http://wn.com/Election_Day_Apple_Valley_Farms_Shooting_Fresno_California_Mass_7_Wounded
Khmer New Year, Fresno, California, April 19, 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Khmer New Year in Fresno, California. It is on Saturday and Sunday, April 18-19, 2009. They have Chhayam by Khmers of Fresno, Khmer Traditional Dance by Khmer students of Fresno State University, and live band by Bad Boys from Lowel, MA. Enjoy the video...........HAPPY KHMER NEW YEAR !!!!!!!!
http://wn.com/Khmer_New_Year,_Fresno,_California,_April_19,_2009
Khmer New Year in Fresno, California. It is on Saturday and Sunday, April 18-19, 2009. They have Chhayam by Khmers of Fresno, Khmer Traditional Dance by Khmer students of Fresno State University, and live band by Bad Boys from Lowel, MA. Enjoy the video...........HAPPY KHMER NEW YEAR !!!!!!!!
- published: 28 Apr 2009
- views: 3454
- author: samrong2008
Fresno Alien, Nightcrawler, Stick Figure Surveilence Analysis - Higher Quality
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
DVD footage that I obtained in July 2008. Close up enhancement of the 2nd figure that crosses the yard in Fresno California. Even though I have enhanced this , wish there was at least 10-15% more detail to the video. This is probably the best quality that we will ever see. It's a shame there was never a direct transfer from the CCTV System.
http://wn.com/Fresno_Alien,_Nightcrawler,_Stick_Figure_Surveilence_Analysis_Higher_Quality
DVD footage that I obtained in July 2008. Close up enhancement of the 2nd figure that crosses the yard in Fresno California. Even though I have enhanced this , wish there was at least 10-15% more detail to the video. This is probably the best quality that we will ever see. It's a shame there was never a direct transfer from the CCTV System.
- published: 30 Jul 2010
- views: 307172
- author: DPJTRON
Fresno California LDS (Mormon) Temple - Mormonism
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 04 Apr 2012
MormonTempleCeremony.net explainsMormon temples and their purpose. Information and pictures from http and Wikipedia about LDS (Mormon) Temple. For more information about Mormon beliefs and temples built by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, visit www.mormon.org.
http://wn.com/Fresno_California_LDS_Mormon_Temple_Mormonism
MormonTempleCeremony.net explainsMormon temples and their purpose. Information and pictures from http and Wikipedia about LDS (Mormon) Temple. For more information about Mormon beliefs and temples built by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, visit www.mormon.org.
- published: 13 May 2008
- views: 3133
- author: lds9999
Vegetable Garden 2011 in Fresno California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 20 May 2012
Vegetable Garden Spring 2011
http://wn.com/Vegetable_Garden_2011_in_Fresno_California
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
16 Dec 2012
NEWTOWN, Conn. — The gunman in the Connecticut shooting rampage committed suicide as first responders closed in, the governor said Sunday, raising the specter that Adam Lanza had planned an even more gruesome massacre and was stopped short. Lanza blasted his way into the building and used a high-power rifle to kill 20 children and six adults, including the principal who tried to stop him, authorities said ... Among the questions ... H ... The Rev....(size: 8.8Kb)
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
18 Dec 2012
The UN's humanitarian chief has called on Syria to urgently allow fuel imports for aid deliveries and give access to 10 more aid agencies. Valerie Amos met government officials in the capital, Damascus, to discuss the growing humanitarian crisis. UN workers also needed to freely move into opposition-controlled areas to step up their aid efforts, she said ... 'Greater rebel contact' ... The claim could not be independently verified ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre ... "He is heartened... "It's going to be strong, and it's going to be definitive," she said ... But the California senator said that the tragedy was so acute in Newtown, a "sea change" in gun politics was possible ... -AFP. ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: AP / Jason DeCrow
18 Dec 2012
An increasing number of US congressmen have called for a national dialogue about measures to curb gun violence following the shooting last week at a primary school in Connecticut that killed 26 people, including 20 children and six adults. White House officials have said that President Barack Obama would make preventing gun-related violence a priority in his second term in office and stricter laws would be part of the effort. ... ....(size: 19.2Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
19 Dec 2012
UCLA vs. Fresno State. Saturday vs. Fresno State, 8 p.m ... Junior guard Allen Huddleston leads Fresno State in scoring (11.7 points per game). After this game, UCLA has one nonconference game to play (Missouri, Dec. 28) before it begins Pac-12 Conference play. Copyright © 2012,. 0. ... ... Times - California ... Times - California ... Times - California ... Times - California ... Los Angeles Times, 202 West 1st Street, Los Angeles, California, 90012 ....(size: 34.3Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
19 Dec 2012
Fresno officer shoots armed suspect ... California lawmakers move to make state's tough gun laws even tougher ... FRESNO, Calif. — Police officers searching for a gang shooting suspect have shot and killed an armed man outside a Fresno apartment complex. The Fresno Bee ( http.//bit.ly/WqYlnT) says officers ... The Fresno Bee, http.//www.fresnobee.com....(size: 13.1Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
19 Dec 2012
Capitol Alert ... 6 minutes ago ... 16 minutes ago ... California firefighters' political spending reflects grudge ... FRESNO, Calif. — Two teenage brothers convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the Fresno shooting deaths of two other teens have been ordered to serve time in prison. A Fresno County judge on Monday sentenced 19-year-old Jarrad Beard to 34 years in prison and his 16-year-old brother, Jerry Beard, to 10 years ... ....(size: 13.1Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
19 Dec 2012
As SMU prepares to take on Fresno State in the Hawaii Bowl on Christmas eve, here’s a look at what Pony fans can expect from their bowl opponent next week. ... Fresno State, ... It’s not all about offense for Fresno State ... Fresno State is solid in kicking and punting....(size: 1.4Kb)
Fresno Bee
19 Dec 2012
Overnight lows could dip to 31 degrees in Fresno and to as low as 25 degrees in outlying areas, he said ... Bob Blakely, director of industry relations for the Exeter-based California Citrus ......(size: 1.0Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
Registered nurses say they will picket 21 Kaiser Permanente hospitals stretching from from Santa Rosa to Fresno today, protesting what they say is inadequate nurse staffing in emergency care ......(size: 1.0Kb)
Reuters
19 Dec 2012
... and underlying rating on Fresno California's senior-lien water revenue refunding bonds to A-plus from A....(size: 0.6Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
19 Dec 2012
As the SMU Mustangs prepare for their Hawaii Bowl match up with Fresno State on Christmas eve, here’s a look at five opposing offensive players that Pony fans should know. ... Carr was actually recruited by SMU coming out of high school, but he chose to follow in his brother’s footsteps and picked Fresno State ... Adams led Fresno State with 1,168 yards and 13 touchdowns this season....(size: 2.1Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
19 Dec 2012
World War II vet's medals stolen from Vista home. 4 minutes ago. Fresno officer shoots armed suspect. 14 minutes ago. Oceanside couple pleads not guilty to child sex. 14 minutes ago. Latest winners of Carnegie Hero medals. California lawmakers move to make state's tough gun laws even tougher. Deals!. View All. . . . . . ... Next Story > Fresno officer shoots armed suspect ... ....(size: 12.9Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
Fresno Bee
19 Dec 2012
Netafim Irrigation has a Christmas tradition going at Easterby Elementary School, a Fresno Unified school in southeast Fresno....(size: 0.6Kb)
Sacramento Bee
19 Dec 2012
FRESNO, Calif. -- Police officers searching for a gang shooting suspect have shot and killed an armed man outside a Fresno apartment complex. The Fresno Bee ( ......(size: 0.9Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
19 Dec 2012
California tries a new way to reform education ... Old liquor law faces a new test in California Legislature ... Old California budget issues remain despite new taxes ... Will California's wealthy residents vote with their feet to avoid new income tax? ... For instance, Fresno Unified, one of the state's largest and most troubled districts, has begun experimenting with a computerized system of tracking students' progress....(size: 11.1Kb)
"Fresno" redirects here. For other uses, see Fresno (disambiguation).
| Fresno | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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 Fresno
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| Coordinates: 36°44′52″N 119°46′21″W / 36.74778°N 119.7725°W / 36.74778; -119.7725Coordinates: 36°44′52″N 119°46′21″W / 36.74778°N 119.7725°W / 36.74778; -119.7725 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | California | ||
| County | Fresno | ||
| Founded | 1872 | ||
| Incorporated | October 12, 1885 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor-Council | ||
| • City Council | Mayor Ashley Swearengin Blong Xiong Andreas Borgeas Oliver Baines Larry Westerlund Sal Quintero Lee Brand Clint Olivier |
||
| • City Manager | Mark Scott | ||
| Area[1] | |||
| • Total | 112.308 sq mi (290.877 km2) | ||
| • Land | 111.957 sq mi (289.967 km2) | ||
| • Water | 0.351 sq mi (0.91 km2) 0.31% | ||
| Elevation | 296 ft (90 m) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Total | 510,365 | ||
| • Rank | 1st in Fresno County 5th in California 34th in the United States |
||
| • Density | 4,500/sq mi (1,800/km2) | ||
| • Demonym | Fresnan | ||
| Time zone | PST (UTC-8) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | PDT (UTC-7) | ||
| ZIP code | 93650, 93701-06, 93710, 93711, 93720-23, 93725-28, 93730, 93740, 93888 | ||
| Area code | 559 | ||
| FIPS code | 06-27000[2] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 0277606[3] | ||
| Website | www.fresno.gov | ||
Fresno ( /ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh) is a city in central California, United States, the county seat of Fresno County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 510,365, making it the fifth largest city in California, the largest inland city in California and the 34th largest in the nation. Fresno is located in the center of the San Joaquin Valley of Central California, approximately 200 miles (322 km) north of Los Angeles, and 170 miles (274 km) south of the state capital, Sacramento. Metropolitan Fresno has a population of 1,107,416.[citation needed] The name Fresno is the Spanish language word for the ash tree, and an ash leaf is featured on the city's flag.
Contents |
History[link]
The original inhabitants of the San Joaquin Valley region were the Yokut people, who engaged in trading with other California tribes of Native Americans including coastal peoples such as the Chumash of the Central California coast, with whom they are thought to have traded plant and animal products.
The County of Fresno was formed in 1856 after the California Gold Rush. It was named for the abundant mountain ash trees lining the San Joaquin River. Fresno is the Spanish word for white ash trees. The county was much larger than it is today as part of Tulare County, comprising its current area plus all of what became Madera County and parts of what are now San Benito, Kings, Inyo, and Mono counties.
Millerton, then on the banks of the free-flowing San Joaquin River and close to Fort Miller, became the county seat after becoming a focal point for settlers. Other early county settlements included Firebaugh's Ferry, Scottsburg and Elkhorn Springs.
The San Joaquin River flooded on December 24, 1867, inundating Millerton. Some residents rebuilt, others moved. Flooding also destroyed the town of Scottsburg that winter. Rebuilt on higher ground, Scottsburg was renamed Centerville.
In 1867, Anthony "McQeen" Easterby purchased land bounded by the present Chestnut, Belmont, Clovis and California avenues. Unable to grow wheat for lack of water, he hired Moses J. Church in 1871 to build an irrigation canal. Church then formed the Fresno Canal and Irrigation Company, a predecessor of the Fresno Irrigation District.
In 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad established a station near Easterby's farm for its new Southern Pacific line. Soon there was a store. Around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station, later called Fresno. Many Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding, moved to the new community. Fresno became an incorporated city in 1885.
Two years after the station was established, county residents voted to move the county seat from Millerton to Fresno. When the Friant Dam was completed in 1944, the site of Millerton became inundated by the waters of Millerton Lake. In extreme droughts, when the reservoir shrinks, ruins of the original county seat can still be observed.
In the nineteenth century, with so much wooden construction and in the absence of sophisticated firefighting resources, fires often ravaged American frontier towns. The greatest of Fresno's early-day fires, in 1882, destroyed an entire block of the city. Another devastating blaze struck in 1883.
In 1909, Fresno's first and oldest synagogue, Temple Beth Israel, was founded.
The population of Fresno proper soared in the second half of the 20th century. It entered the ranks of the 100 largest United States cities in 1960 census with a population of 134,000. In the 1990 census it moved up to 47th place with 354,000, and in the census of 2000 it achieved 37th place with 428,000, a 21 percent increase during the preceding decade.[4]
The Fresno Municipal Sanitary Landfill was the first modern landfill in the United States, and incorporated several important innovations to waste disposal, including trenching, compacting, and the daily covering of trash with dirt. It was opened in 1937 and closed in 1987. Today, it has the unusual distinction of being a National Historic Landmark as well as a Superfund site.[5]
Before World War II, Fresno had many ethnic neighborhoods, including Little Armenia, German Town, Little Italy, and Chinatown. (Incongruously, Chinatown was primarily a Japanese neighborhood and today Japanese-American businesses still remain). During 1942, Pinedale, in what is now North Fresno, was the site of the Pinedale Assembly Center, an interim facility for the relocation of Fresno area Japanese Americans to internment camps.[6] The Fresno Fairgrounds was also utilized as an assembly center.
Row crops and orchards gave way to urban development particularly in the period after World War II; this transition was particularly vividly demonstrated in locations such as the Blackstone Avenue corridor.
In September 1958, Bank of America launched a new product called BankAmericard in Fresno. After a troubled gestation during which its creator resigned, BankAmericard went on to become the first successful credit card; that is, a financial instrument which was usable across a large number of merchants and also allowed cardholders to revolve a balance (earlier financial products could do one or the other but not both). In 1976, BankAmericard was renamed and spun off into a separate company known today as Visa Inc.
The dance style commonly known as popping evolved in Fresno in the 1970s.[7]
In the 1970s the city was the subject of a song, Walking Into Fresno,' written by Hall Of Fame guitarist Bill Aken and recorded by Bob Gallion of the world-famous "WWVA Jamboree" radio and television show in Wheeling, West Virginia. Aken, adopted by Mexican movie actress Lupe Mayorga, grew up in the neighboring town of Madera and his song chronicled the hardships faced by the migrant farm workers he saw as a child. Aken also made his first TV appearance playing guitar on the old country-western show at The Fresno Barn.
Fictional residents of the town were portrayed in a 1986 comedic mini series titled "Fresno", featuring Carol Burnett, Dabney Coleman, Teri Garr and Charles Grodin, along with numerous other celebrities. The mini series was presented as a parody of the prime time soap operas popular in the 1980s.
In 1995, the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Operation Rezone sting resulted in several prominent Fresno and Clovis politicians being charged in connection with taking bribes in return for rezoning farmland for housing developments. Before the sting brought a halt to it, housing developers could buy farmland cheaply, pay off council members to have it rezoned, and make a large profit building and selling inexpensive housing. Sixteen people were eventually convicted as a result of the sting.[8]
In 2009 and 2010, Fresno was ranked last and third from last respectively in a study of the smartest cities in the United States.[9] [10][11]
Geography[link]
Fresno is located at 36°44′52″N 119°46′21″W / 36.74778°N 119.7725°W / 36.74778; -119.7725.[12] as having a total area of 112.3 square miles (291 km2) with 99.69% land covering 112.0 square miles (290 km2), and 0.31% water, 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2).
Fresno's location, very near the geographical center of California, places the city a comfortable distance from several of the major recreation areas and urban centers in the state. Just 60 mi (97 km) south of Yosemite National Park, it is the nearest major city to the park. Likewise, Sierra National Forest is 40 mi (64 km), Kings Canyon National Park is 60 mi (97 km) and Sequoia National Park is 75 mi (121 km).
Because Fresno sits at the junction of Highways 41 and 99 (41 is Yosemite National Park's southern access road, and 99 branches east from Interstate 5 to serve the urban centers of the San Joaquin Valley), the city is a major gateway for Yosemite visitors coming from Los Angeles. The city also serves as an entrance into Sierra National Forest via highway 168, and Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks via Highway 180.
Fresno has three large public parks, two located in the city limits and one in county land to the southwest. Woodward Park, which features the Shinzen Japanese Gardens, numerous picnic areas and several miles of trails, is located in North Fresno and is adjacent to the San Joaquin River Parkway. Roeding Park, located near Downtown Fresno, is home to the Fresno Chaffee Zoo, and Rotary Storyland and Playland. Kearney Park is the largest of the Fresno region's park system and is home to historic Kearney Mansion and plays host to the annual Civil War Revisited, the largest reenactment of the Civil War in the west coast of the U.S.[13][14]
Climate[link]
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Fresno is marked by a semi-arid climate (Köppen Bsh), with mild, moderately wet winters and hot and dry summers, thus displaying Mediterranean characteristics.[15] December is the coldest month, and averages 53.4 °F (11.9 °C) during the day; July high temperatures average 96.6 °F (35.9 °C), though summer temperatures can occasionally soar to highs of 113 °F (45.0 °C) or more. Summers provide considerable sunshine, with July peaking at 97 percent of the total possible sunlight hours; conversely, January is the lowest with only 46 percent of the daylight time in sunlight because of thick tule fog. However, the year averages 81% of possible sunshine, for a total of 3550 hours.[16] Average annual precipitation is around 11.2 inches (284 mm), which, by definition, would classify the area as a semidesert and very close to a climate where agriculture is only possible through the use of extensive irrigation; rainfall is high in the winter and spring seasons, with the summers typically being very dry. Most of the wind rose direction occurrences derive from the northwest, as winds are driven downward along the axis of the California Central Valley; in December, January and February there is an increased presence of southeastern wind directions in the wind rose statistics.[17] Fresno meteorology was selected in a national U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study for analysis of equilibrium temperature for use of ten-year meteorological data to represent a warm, dry western United States locale.[18]
| Climate data for Fresno, California (Fresno Airport), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 78 (26) |
84 (29) |
90 (32) |
101 (38) |
110 (43) |
112 (44) |
115 (46) |
113 (45) |
111 (44) |
102 (39) |
89 (32) |
77 (25) |
115 (46) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 55.0 (12.8) |
61.8 (16.6) |
67.7 (19.8) |
74.8 (23.8) |
84.3 (29.1) |
92.2 (33.4) |
98.5 (36.9) |
97.1 (36.2) |
90.9 (32.7) |
79.4 (26.3) |
65.0 (18.3) |
55.0 (12.8) |
76.81 (24.89) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 38.8 (3.8) |
41.9 (5.5) |
45.7 (7.6) |
49.2 (9.6) |
56.1 (13.4) |
62.1 (16.7) |
67.5 (19.7) |
66.0 (18.9) |
61.4 (16.3) |
52.8 (11.6) |
43.6 (6.4) |
38.3 (3.5) |
51.95 (11.08) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 17 (−8) |
24 (−4) |
26 (−3) |
32 (0) |
36 (2) |
42 (6) |
50 (10) |
49 (9) |
37 (3) |
27 (−3) |
26 (−3) |
18 (−8) |
17 (−8) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.19 (55.6) |
2.03 (51.6) |
2.03 (51.6) |
0.95 (24.1) |
0.43 (10.9) |
0.21 (5.3) |
0.01 (0.3) |
0.01 (0.3) |
0.17 (4.3) |
0.63 (16) |
1.06 (26.9) |
1.77 (45) |
11.47 (291.3) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 7.6 | 8.6 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 48.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 142.6 | 197.8 | 285.2 | 336.0 | 399.9 | 411.0 | 427.8 | 399.9 | 345.0 | 288.3 | 189.0 | 127.1 | 3,549.6 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [19] Weather.com (extremes) [20] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO [16] | |||||||||||||
The highest temperature recorded at the Fresno air terminal was 113 °F (45 °C) on July 23, 2006; the lowest temperature recorded was 17 °F (−8 °C) on January 10, 1949, and December 23, 1990. Temperatures reach 90 °F (32 °C) or higher on an average of 106.4 days annually and drop to 32 °F (0 °C) or lower on an average of 21.2 days annually. The wettest year at the airport was 1983 with 21.61 inches (549 mm) and the dryest year was 1966 with 6.07 inches (154 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 8.56 inches (217 mm) in January 1969 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was 2.38 inches (60 mm) on March 10, 1995. Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 46 days annually. Snow is a rarity; the heaviest snowfall at the airport was 2.2 inches (56 mm) on January 21, 1962.[21]
Demographics[link]
Fresno Metropolitan Statistical Area
Madera Metropolitan Statistical Area
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1880 | 1,112 |
|
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| 1890 | 10,818 | 872.8% | |
| 1900 | 12,470 | 15.3% | |
| 1910 | 24,892 | 99.6% | |
| 1920 | 45,086 | 81.1% | |
| 1930 | 52,513 | 16.5% | |
| 1940 | 60,685 | 15.6% | |
| 1950 | 91,669 | 51.1% | |
| 1960 | 133,929 | 46.1% | |
| 1970 | 165,655 | 23.7% | |
| 1980 | 217,129 | 31.1% | |
| 1990 | 354,202 | 63.1% | |
| 2000 | 427,652 | 20.7% | |
| 2010 | 494,665 | 15.7% | |
Fresno is the larger principal city of the Fresno-Madera CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Fresno (Fresno County) and Madera (Madera County) metropolitan areas,[22][23] which had a combined population of 922,516 at the 2000 census.[2]
2010[link]
The 2010 United States Census[24] reported that Fresno had a population of 494,665. The population density was 4,404.5 people per square mile (1,700.6/km²). The racial makeup of Fresno was 245,306 (49.6%) White, 40,960 (8.3%) African American, 8,525 (1.7%) Native American, 62,528 (12.6%) Asian (4.6% Hmong, 1.7% Indian, 1.2% Filipino, 1.2% Laotian, 0.8% Cambodian, 0.7% Chinese, 0.5% Japanese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Korean), 849 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 111,984 (22.6%) from other races, and 24,513 (5.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 232,055 persons (46.9%). Among the Hispanic population, 42.7% of the total population are Mexican, 0.4% Salvadoran, and 0.4% Puerto Rican. Non-Hispanic Whites were 32.7% of the population in 2010,[25] down from 72.6% in 1970.[26]
The Census reported that 485,798 people (98.2% of the population) lived in households, 4,315 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 4,552 (0.9%) were institutionalized.
There were 158,349 households, out of which 68,511 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 69,284 (43.8%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 30,547 (19.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11,698 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 12,843 (8.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 1,388 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 35,064 households (22.1%) were made up of individuals and 12,344 (7.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.07. There were 111,529 families (70.4% of all households); the average family size was 3.62.
The population was spread out with 148,823 people (30.1%) under the age of 18, 62,601 people (12.7%) aged 18 to 24, 135,076 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 102,064 people (20.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 46,101 people (9.3%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.5 males.
There were 171,288 housing units at an average density of 1,525.2 per square mile (588.9/km²), of which 77,757 (49.1%) were owner-occupied, and 80,592 (50.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.6%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 235,430 people (47.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 250,368 people (50.6%) lived in rental housing units.
2000[link]
As of the census[2] of 2000, there were 427,652 people, 140,079 households, and 97,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,097.9 people per square mile (1,582.2/km²). There were 149,025 housing units at an average density of 1,427.9 square miles (3,698 km2). The racial makeup of the city was 50.2% White, 8.4% Black or African American, 1.6% Native American, 11.2% Asian (mostly Hmong), 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.4% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 39.9% of the population.
There were 140,079 households out of which 40.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.1% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.99 and the average family size was 3.57.
In the city the age distribution of the population shows 32.9% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females there were 96.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,236, and the median income for a family was $35,892. Males had a median income of $32,279 versus $26,551 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,010. About 20.5% of families and 26.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.5% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.
The population as of July 1, 2007 was estimated to be 470,508 by the US Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program.[27] The Fresno Metropolitan Statistical Area population was estimated at 899,348.[28]
Armenian population[link]
The first Armenians to move to Fresno were the brothers Hagop and Garabed Seropian, who arrived in 1881. Their letters to their home village of Marsovan in the Ottoman Empire brought more immigrants to the San Joaquin Valley, which reminded them so much of home. By 1894 the Armenian population in Fresno was 360, a number which grew rapidly with the onset of the Hamidian Massacres in 1895-96. Many of the immigrants were Protestant converts, the result of heavy missionary activity in Armenia by American Christians seeking converts from the Armenian Church[disambiguation needed 
]. During and after the genocide even more Armenians came until the restrictions on immigration in 1921 and 1924 brought this to a virtual end. Los Angeles also became a focus of Armenian immigration, and some Armenians from Fresno moved there as well. The number of Armenians in LA surpassed those in Fresno in 1930 – partly because of the agricultural depression in the valley during the 1920s.
The early immigrants were primarily involved with farming and agriculture, with the ultimate goal almost always that of land ownership. By 1930 Armenians owned 40% of the raisin acreage in Fresno County. They were pioneers in the melon and fig production as well.
From the very beginning, bigotry against Armenians was common, and led many to Anglicize their names. In the 1890s Armenian Protestants were stripped of membership in local churches. Fear of Armenian land ownership caused the passage of laws restricting their rights to freely buy land. This attitude towards the tight knit Armenian community led some to try to assimilate, while having the opposite effect on others. The problem lasted for many decades, finally abating in the 1950s.
After World War II, displaced Soviet Armenians came from Germany, and a natural population flow of Armenians from east to west in the US also contributed to growth.
Today, the number of Armenians in Fresno is thought to number 25-30,000.
- 1881 – first Armenians move to Fresno
- 1894 – large influx due to Hamidian Massacres
- 1897 – First Armenian Presbyterian Church constructed
- 1900 – Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church built, which burned in 1914 and was rebuilt in a new location in the heart of "Little Armenia".
- 1901 – Pilgrim Armenian Congregational Church
- 1902 – Kaghakatsi (meaning Citizen) founded, renamed Nor Or (meaning New Day) in 1923.
- 1908 – Asbarez (meaning Arena) newspaper founded.
- 1957 – The California Courier, which was California's first English-language Armenian newspaper.
- 1970s – Establishment of Armenian Community School of Fresno and the Armenian Studies department at California State University Fresno.
Economy[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) |
Fresno serves as the economic hub of Fresno County and California's San Joaquin Valley. The unincorporated area and rural cities surrounding Fresno remain predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production.Sony Music Distribution/Sony Computer Entertainment is in Fresno,CA.
Top employers[link]
According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[29] the top employers in the city are:
| # | Employer | # of Employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Community Medical Centers | 6,000 |
| 2 | City of Fresno | 4,158 |
| 3 | Kaiser Permanente | 2,603 |
| 4 | Saint Agnes Medical Center | 2,031 |
| 5 | Quinn CAT | 1,178 |
| 6 | Foster Farms | 1,100 |
| 7 | AT&T | 1,000 |
| 8 | Cargill Meat Solutions | 999 |
| 9 | Zacky Farms | 975 |
| 10 | Aetna | 950 |
Government[link]
Fresno has a modified strong-mayor form of local government and seven City Council members (Legislative branch) elected for no more than two 4-year terms. The City council and the mayor are nonpartisan, not affiliated with any political party. Alan Autry was first elected in November 2000, reelected on March 2, 2004, and served until January 2009. Ashley Swearengin was sworn in as Mayor on January 6, 2009.
President, Board of Trustees[link]
Prior to 1901, Fresno was governed by a board of trustees.[30]
- William Faymonville – October 27, 1885 to April 25, 1887
- W.L. Graves – April 25, 1887 to October 31, 1887
- A.M. Clark – October 31, 1887 to April 15, 1889
- A.J. Pedlar – April 15, 1889 to unknown
- C.J. Craycroft – October 27, 1895 to 1901
Mayor[link]
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† Died in office
City Council[link]
City council is made up of seven members, elected by district:
- District 1 (west-central) – Blong Xiong
- District 2 (northwest) – Andreas Borgeas
- District 3 (southwest and downtown) – Oliver Baines
- District 4 (east-central) – Larry Westerlund
- District 5 (southeast) – Sal Quintero
- District 6 (northeast) – Lee Brand
- District 7 (central) – Clint Olivier (Council President)
Department heads[link]
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Courts[link]
Fresno is the county seat of Fresno County. It maintains the main county courthouse located on Van Ness in the Fresno County Plaza for criminal and some civil court cases.
The United States District Court, Eastern District of California, has one of its six divisions based in the Robert E. Coyle Courthouse. The new courthouse replaced the B.F. Sisk Federal Building in 2006 because it did not have enough space for the growing Fresno Division. After extensive renovation, the building reopened in November 2010 as the B.F. Sisk Courthouse serving the Fresno County Superior Court.
Fresno is also the seat of the Fifth Appellate District of the State of California Court of Appeal where a new courthouse was built in the old Armenian Town section of downtown Fresno in 2007 across from the Fresno Convention Center. The Fifth District Court of Appeal Courthouse is named after former Senator and Associate Justice of the Fifth District, George N. Zenovich.
Politics[link]
File:Fresno City Hall.JPG
Fresno City Hall.
According to Fresno County Registrar of Voters, the majority of registered voters in both the city and county of Fresno are registered to the Democratic Party. According to the county registrar's official final reportU.S. President Barack Obama carried the county 49.99%.
The citizens of Fresno are represented in the California State Senate by Tom Berryhill (R) and Michael Rubio (D) and in the California State Assembly by Linda Halderman (R) and Henry Perea (D). The citizens of Fresno are represented in the United States Congress by Jeff Denham (R) in California's 19th congressional district, Jim Costa (D) in California's 20th congressional district and Devin Nunes (R) in California's 21st congressional district.
Education[link]
Four-year institutions[link]
- Alliant International University (Private)
- California Christian College (Private/Freewill Baptist)
- California State University, Fresno
- Fresno Pacific University (Private/Mennonite Brethren)
- Fresno Pacific University Biblical Seminary
- Maric College – Fresno
- National University, Fresno campus
- San Joaquin College of Law (Private Law School)
- University of California, San Francisco – Fresno Medical Education Program
- University of Phoenix
- DeVry University (Private)
Two-year institutions[link]
- Fresno City College
- Willow International Center (Reedley College North Center)
Career colleges[link]
High schools[link]
- Buchanan High School
- Bullard High School
- Central High School, East Campus
- Central High School, West Campus
- Clovis High School
- Clovis East High School
- Clovis North High School
- Clovis West High School
- Edison High School
- Design Science High School
- DeWolf High School
- Duncan Polytechnical High School
- Fresno High School
- Hoover High School
- McLane High School
- Roosevelt High School
- San Joaquin Memorial High School (Private)
- Sunnyside High School
- University High School
- Washington Union High School
K-12, districts[link]
- Central Unified School District (Public)
- Clovis Unified School District (Public)
- Fresno Unified School District (Public)
- West Fresno Elementary School District (Public)
Private schools[link]
- Acsof Armenian Community School
- Carden School Of Fresno
- Fairmont Private School
- First Church Christian Academy
- Fresno Christian High School
- Fresno Adventist Academy
- Our Lady of Perpetual Help[disambiguation needed ]
- Our Lady of Victory School
- Sacred Heart Elementary School
- St. Anthony Elementary School
- St. Helen's Catholic School
- San Joaquin Memorial High School
- Truth Tabernacle Christian School
Neighborhoods[link]
Downtown[link]
Through the 1990s, downtown was one of the last remaining examples of untouched architecture in California, but it has recently been subjected to a mixed revitalization effort.[citation needed] While many of the buildings that were once abandoned for many years have been remodeled, many have been demolished or are under threat of being demolished to be replaced with new structures. Recently added new structures such as Grizzlies Stadium, now Chukchansi Park and the Federal Courthouse, and plans to eventually erect new high-rise buildings, threaten the unique and increasingly rare twentieth century architecture.
A victim of this redevelopment was the Vagabond Hotel, unique in its relevance in popular culture. The Vagabond, which had a pool that was an important location in modern skateboarding history and a prime example of mid-century modern googie "roadside" architecture, was demolished in 2004 and replaced by concrete commercial lots and lofts in 2006. The old Army Induction Center, which was used during the Vietnam War, was also recently destroyed in the next development project on H St and Amador.
The historic Fulton Mall and Chinatown are two downtown areas which still retain an exceptional amount of historic buildings and architecture of contextual, associative and memorial value in comparison with other cities of California and the Western United States, and are being considered for preservation as historic districts.
Sunnyside[link]
The neighborhood of Sunnyside is located on Fresno's far southeast side, bounded by Chestnut Avenue to the West. Its major thoroughfares are Kings Canyon Avenue and Clovis Avenue. Although parts of Sunnyside are within the City of Fresno, much of the neighborhood is a "county island" within Fresno County. Largely developed in the 1950s through the 1970s, it has recently experienced a surge in new home construction. It is also the home of the Sunnyside Country Club, which maintains a golf course designed by William Bell.
Old Fig Garden[link]
First started as a development known as Forkner-Giffen Fig Garden Estates #1 the now historic community set among mature trees of Old Fig Garden has long been one of Fresno's most prestigious neighborhoods. Fig Garden is an area of approximately 6 sq mi (16 km2), once on the northern fringe of Fresno, but the city has since incorporated all of the surrounding land, making Fig Garden a county "island." The city's annual "Christmas Tree Lane" is found on a section of Van Ness Boulevard during the holiday season.
Christmas Tree Lane is located on Van Ness Boulevard in between Shields Avenue and Shaw Avenue and runs through Old Fig Garden. It was started in 1920 when a single tree in the front yard of one of the houses on Van Ness Boulevard was decorated with lights to honor their teenage son who was killed by an accident at the family home. After that, more and more houses began decorating their front yard trees and soon enough Christmas Tree Lane was born. In 1941 the lane was unable to light the trees due to wartime restrictions and another time in 1973 due to an energy crisis. December 2011 marks the 89th anniversary for Christmas Tree Lane which makes it one of the longest running Christmas traditions in the country. Christmas Tree Lane is so well known that it made the Washington Post. Over 100,000 people make the effort to either walk or drive down Christmas Tree Lane every year. Many homes on Christmas Tree Lane hold parties at their homes in order to see the annual parade on the opening night. Many neighborhoods in Fresno have started their own holiday light lanes, but to this day Christmas Tree Lane is still the one that people line up to see.
Tower District[link]
The popular neighborhood known as the Tower District is centered around the historic Tower Theatre, which is included on the National List of Historic Places.[32] The theater was built in 1939 and is located at Olive and Wishon Avenues in the heart of the Tower District. (The name of the theater refers to a well-known landmark water tower which is actually located in another nearby area). The Tower District neighborhood is located just north of downtown Fresno proper, and one-half mile south of Fresno City College.[33] Although the neighborhood was known as a residential area prior, the early commercial establishments of the Tower District began with small shops and services that flocked to the area shortly after World War II. The character of small local businesses largely remains today, despite the presence of national chain Starbucks. To some extent, the businesses of the Tower District were developed due to the proximity of the original Fresno Normal School, (later renamed California State University at Fresno). In 1916 the college moved to what is now the site of Fresno City College one-half mile north [34] of the Tower District.
This vibrant and culturally diverse area of retail businesses and residences experienced a renewal after a significant decline in the late 1960s and 1970s. After decades of neglect and suburban flight, the neighborhood revival followed the re-opening of the Tower Theater in the late 1970s, which at that time showed second and third run movies, along with classic films. Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & Good Company Players also opened nearby in 1978, at Olive and Wishon Avenues. Fresno native Audra McDonald performed in the leading roles of Evita and The Wiz at the theater while she was a high school student. Ms. McDonald subsequently became a leading performer on Broadway in New York City and a Tony award winning actress. Also in the Tower District is Good Company Players' 2nd Space Theatre.
The Tower District has become a hub for community events such as Jamaica My Weekend, Mardi Gras in February, Car Shows, A Taste of The Tower, Halloween in the Tower, and the opened Farmer's Market on the North-West Corner of Olive and Van Ness.
The neighborhood features some notable restaurants, live Theatre and nightclubs, as well as several independent shops and bookstores, currently operating on or near Olive Avenue, and all within a few hundred feet of each other. Since renewal, the Tower District has become an attractive area for restaurant and other local businesses. Today, the Tower District is also known as the center of Fresno's LGBT and Hipster Communities.;[35] Additionally, Tower District is also known as the center of Fresno's local punk/goth/deathrock and heavy metal community.[citation needed]
The area is also known for its early twentieth century homes, many of which have been restored in recent decades. The area includes many California Bungalow and American Craftsman style homes, Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture, Mediterranean Revival Style architecture, Mission Revival Style architecture, and many Storybook houses designed by Fresno architects, Hilliard, Taylor & Wheeler. The residential architecture of the Tower District contrasts with the newer areas of tract homes urban sprawl in north and east areas of Fresno.
Huntington Boulevard[link]
Homes from the early 20th century line this boulevard in the heart of the historic Alta Vista Tract. The section of Huntington Boulevard between First Street on the west to Cedar Avenue on the east is the home to many large, stately homes. The original development of this area began circa 1910, on 190 acres of what had been an alfalfa field. The Alta Vista Tract, as the land would become known, was mapped by William Stranahan for the Pacific Improvement Corporation, and was officially platted in 1911. The tract's boundaries were Balch Avenue on the south, Cedar Avenue on the east, the rear property line of Platt Avenue (east of Sixth Street) and Platt Avenue (west of Sixth Street) on the north, and First Street on the west. The subdivision was annexed to the City in January 1912, in an election that was the first in which women voted in the community. At the time of its admission to the City, the Alta Vista Tract was uninhabited but landscaped, although the trees had to be watered by tank wagon. In 1914 developers Billings & Meyering acquired the tract, completed street development, provided the last of the necessary municipal improvements including water service, and began marketing the property with fervor. A mere half decade later the tract had 267 homes. This rapid development was no doubt hastened by the Fresno Traction Company right-of-way along Huntington Boulevard, which provided streetcar connections between downtown and the County Hospital.
The surrounding streets, Kerckhoff and Balch Avenues (which are part of the original Alta Vista tract), have homes from the Arts and Crafts era which, like the downtown, are being renovated and brought back to their historic roots. During Christmas, the homes along the boulevard are adorned with lights and decorations. The nation's tallest living Christmas Tree, located at Huntington and 6th Street, is the highlight of the event.
Huntington Boulevard has been referred to as Fresno's "anti-gated community".[36]
Van Ness Extension[link]
North of Shaw Avenue, Van Ness continues as the Van Ness Extension, located between Marks Avenue and West Avenue. Van Ness Extension is considered the most prestigious neighborhood in the city, and boasts some of Fresno's most elaborate homes and most affluent citizens.
Residents include many notable doctors, business owners, entrepreneurs, and stock traders.
West Side[link]
The "West Side" of Fresno, also often called "Southwest Fresno", is one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city. The neighborhood lies southwest of the 99 freeway (which divides it from Downtown Fresno), west of the 41 freeway and south of Nielsen Ave (or the newly-constructed 180 Freeway), and extends to the city limits to the west and south. The neighborhood is traditionally considered to be the center of Fresno's African-American community. It is culturally diverse and also includes significant Mexican-American and Asian-American (principally Hmong or Laotian) populations.
The neighborhood includes Kearney Boulevard, named after early 20th century entrepreneur and millionaire M. Theo Kearney, which extends from Fresno Street in Southwest Fresno about 20 mi (32 km) west to Kerman, California. A small, two-lane rural road for most of its length, Kearney Boulevard is lined with tall palm trees. The roughly half-mile stretch of Kearney Boulevard between Fresno Street and Thorne Ave was at one time the preferred neighborhood for Fresno's elite African-American families. Another section, Brookhaven, on the southern edge of the West Side south of Jensen and west of Elm, was given the name by the Fresno City Council in an effort to revitalize the neighborhood's image. The isolated subdivision was for years known as the "Dogg Pound" in reference to a local gang, and as of late 2008 was still known for high levels of violent crime.
While many homes in the neighborhood date back to the 1930s or before, the neighborhood is also home to several public housing developments built between the 1960s and 1990s by the Fresno Housing Authority. The US Department of Housing and Urban Development has also built small subdivisions of single-family homes in the area for purchase by low-income working families. There have been numerous attempts to revitalize the neighborhood, including the construction of a modern shopping center on the corner of Fresno and B streets, an aborted attempt to build luxury homes and a golf course on the western edge of the neighborhood, and some new section 8 apartments have been built along Church Ave west of Elm St. Cargill Meat Solutions and Foster Farms both have large processing facilities in the neighborhood, and the stench from these (and other small industrial facilities) has long plagued area residents. The Fresno Chandler Executive Airport is also located on the West Side. Due to its position on the edge of the city and years of neglect by developers, is not a true "inner-city" neighborhood, and there are many vacant lots, strawberry fields and vineyards throughout the neighborhood. The neighborhood has very little retail activity, aside from the area near Fresno Street and State Route 99 Freeway (Kearney Palm Shopping Center, built in the late 1990s) and small corner markets scattered throughout.
Woodward Park[link]
Located in the north eastern part of Fresno, Woodward Park was founded by the late Ralph Woodward, a long-time Fresno resident. He bequeathed a major portion of his estate in 1968 to provide a regional park and bird sanctuary in Northeast Fresno. The park lies on the South bank of the San Joaquin River between Highway 41 and Friant Road. The initial 235 acres (0.95 km2), combined with additional acres acquired later by the City, brings the park to an amazing 300 acres (1.2 km2). Now packed with amenities, Woodward Park is the only Regional Park of its size in the Central Valley. The Southeast corner of the park harbors numerous bird species offering bird enthusiasts an excellent opportunity for viewing. The park has a multi-use amphitheatre that seats up to 2,500 people, authentic Japanese Garden, fenced dog park, two-mile (3 km) equestrian trail, exercise par course, three children's playgrounds, a lake, 3 small ponds, 7 picnic areas and five miles (8 km) of multipurpose trails that are part of the San Joaquin River Parkway's Lewis S. Eaton Trail. When complete, the Lewis S. Eaton trail system will cover 22 miles (35 km) between Highway 99 and Friant Dam. The park's numerous picnic tables make for a great picnic destination and a convenient escape from city life. The park's amphetheatre was renovated in 2010, and has hosted performances by acts such as Deftones, Tech N9ne, and Sevendust as well as numerous others. The park is open April through October, 6am to 10pm and November through March, 6am to 7pm.
Sierra Sky Park[link]
Formed in 1946, Sierra Sky Park Airport is a residential airport community born of a unique agreement in transportation law to allow personal aircraft and automobiles to share certain roads. Sierra Sky Park was the first aviation community to be built[citation needed] and there are now numerous such communities across the United States and around the world. Developer William Smilie created the nation's first planned aviation community. Still in operation today, the public use airport provides a unique neighborhood which spawned interest and similar communities nationwide.
Unincorporated communities[link]
- Calwa
- Highway City
- Muscatel
- Butler Park, California The neighborhood south of Butler Street, between Maple Ave. And Chestnut Street.
Culture[link]
Performing arts and music[link]
- Artists' Repertory Theatre
- Children's Musical Theatreworks
- Center State Productions
- Fresno Grand Opera
- Fresno Philharmonic
- Roger Rocka's Dinner Theater & 2nd Space Theatre (Good Company Players)
- Youth Orchestras of Fresno
Historic theaters[link]
- Azteca Theater
- Crest Theatre
- Liberty Theatre – currently Victory Church
- Saroyan Theatre
- Tower Theatre – Tower Theatre for the Performing Arts
- Warnors Theatre – Warnor's Center for the Performing Arts
- Wilson Theatre – currently Cornerstone Church
- Veteran's Memorial Auditorium
Museums and other attractions[link]
- African-American Museum of the San Joaquin Valley
- Arte Américas
- Discovery Center
- Forestiere Underground Gardens
- Fresno Art Museum
- Fresno Metropolitan Museum of Art and Science (defunct)
- Kearney Mansion Museum
- Legion of Valor Museum
- Meux Home Museum
- Old Fresno Water Tower Tourist Center
- Fresno's Chaffee Zoo
- Sierra Endangered Cat Haven (Fresno County)
Annual events[link]
- ArtHop
- Big Fresno Fair
- Central California Rib Cook-Off
- Central California Taco Truck Throwdown
- Christmas Tree Lane
- Fall Wine Cornucopia
- Fresno County Blossom Trail
- Fresno Film Festival
- Fresno Greek Fest
- Fresno Sweded Film Festival (Swede Fest)
- Fresno Urban Sound Experience
- Miss California Pageant
- Reel Pride Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
- Rev Fest
- Rogue Performing Arts Festival
- Sudz in the City
- Tri-Tip Cook-Off
- Woodward Shakespeare Festival
Sports[link]
Fresno-based sports organizations include:
- The Save Mart Center at Fresno State is a multi-purpose arena on the campus of the California State University, Fresno. It is home to the Fresno State Bulldogs basketball team and, for the first five seasons in the ECHL (2003–08) hosted the Fresno Falcons ice hockey team. It also hosts a wide range of musical acts.
- Also on the campus of Fresno State is Bulldog Stadium, a 41,031 seat football stadium. It is home to the Fresno State Bulldogs football program.
- Located next to Bulldog Stadium is Pete Beiden Field. It is home to the Fresno State Bulldogs baseball program and was home to the Fresno Grizzlies before their moved to Chukchansi Park in Downtown Fresno.
- Fresno's Woodward Park is the location of the CIF Cross Country State Championships, where high schoolers from around the state compete. Additionally the BMX course located in the park plays host to the National Bicycle League State Championships.
- Ratcliffe Stadium, located on the campus of Fresno City College, is a 13,000 seat track and field stadium. The stadium played host to the West Coast Relays. It is home to the college's football program and is also host to high school football games and track and field events.
Notable residents[link]
- William Saroyan 8/31/1908 - 5/18/1981 American dramatist and author, known for The Human Comedy, My Name Is Aram, The Time Of Your Life
- Andranik Ozanian, Armenian general, national hero
- Lorraine Collett Petersen 12/9/1892 - 3/3/1983 Original model for the Sun-Maid Raisin girl.
- Audra McDonald (actress, singer) winner of Tony award and Emmy award nominee, graduated Roosevelt School of the Arts Fresno
- Philip Levine, Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012
- Kevin Federline, dancer and second husband of pop star Britney Spears
- Christopher Gorham, actor best known for his work on Ugly Betty and Covert Affairs
- Steven Anthony Lawrence, child actor best known for his work on Even Stevens
- Carson Palmer, Oakland Raiders Quarterback NFL, 2002 Heisman winner, 2007 Pro Bowl MVP; born in Fresno
- Josh Koscheck, UFC fighter
Media[link]
Newspapers[link]
- The Fresno Bee
- The Community Alliance
- The Business Journal (Fresno)
- The Charger
- The Collegian
- The Vantage
- The California Advocate
- The Rampage
Magazines[link]
Radio[link]
88.1 KFCF is Fresno's Pacifica station, and one of Fresno's few non-commercial, non-corporate radio stations.
KMJ was Fresno's first radio station; it began broadcasting in 1922. Over the years its powerful 50,000-watt signal could clearly be heard throughout much of California. Here are the Fresno radio stations currently broadcasting:
- FM Stations
- AM Stations
Television[link]
To avoid interference with existing VHF television stations in the San Francisco Bay Area and those planned for Chico, Sacramento, Salinas, and Stockton, the Federal Communications Commission decided that Fresno would only have UHF television stations. The very first Fresno television station to begin broadcasting was KMJ-TV, now known as KSEE, Channel 24, which began broadcasting on June 1, 1953. Here are the Fresno television stations currently on the air:
Sister cities[link]
Fresno has several sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI).
Torreón, Mexico
Mashhad, Iran
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Kōchi, Japan
Afula, Israel
Ejmiatsin, Armenia
Münster, Germany
Verona, Italy
Taraz, Kazakhstan
Lahore, Pakistan [37]
Transportation[link]
Highways[link]
Fresno is served by State Route 99, the main north/south freeway that connects the major population centers of the California Central Valley. State Route 168, the Sierra Freeway, heads east to the city of Clovis and Huntington Lake. State Route 41 (Yosemite Freeway/Eisenhower Freeway) comes into Fresno from Atascadero in the south, and then heads north to Yosemite. State Route 180 (Kings Canyon Freeway) comes from the west via Mendota, and from the east in Kings Canyon National Park going towards the city of Reedley.
Fresno is the largest U.S. city not directly linked to an Interstate highway.[38] When the Interstate Highway System was created in the 1950s, the decision was made to build what is now Interstate 5 on the west side of the Central Valley, and thus bypass many of the population centers in the region, instead of upgrading what is now State Route 99.[39] Due to rapidly raising population and traffic in cities along SR 99, as well as the desirability of Federal funding, much discussion has been made to upgrade it to interstate standards and eventually incorporate it into the interstate system, most likely as Interstate 9. Major improvements to signage, lane width, median separation, vertical clearance, and other concerns are currently underway.
Airports[link]
Fresno Yosemite International Airport (FAT), formerly known as Fresno Air Terminal, provides regularly scheduled commercial airline service. The airport serves an estimated 1.3 million passengers annually to domestic and two international destinations.
Fresno Chandler Executive Airport (FCH) is located 2 mi (3.2 km) southwest of Downtown Fresno. Built in the 1920s by the Works Projects Administration, it is one of the oldest operational airports in California. The airport currently serves as a general aviation airport.
Sierra Sky Park Airport, located in Northwest Fresno, is a privately owned airport, but is open to the public. The airport was America's first aviation community[citation needed]. Extra-wide streets surrounding the airport allow for residents of the community to land, taxi down extra-wide avenues, and park in the driveway at home.[40]
Rail[link]
Passenger rail service is provided by Amtrak San Joaquins. The main passenger rail station is the recently renovated historic Santa Fe Railroad Depot located in Downtown Fresno. The Bakersfield-Stockton mainlines of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway and Union Pacific Railroad railroads cross in Fresno, and both railroads maintain railyards within the city; the San Joaquin Valley Railroad also operates former Southern Pacific branchlines heading west and south out of the city. The city of Fresno is planned to serve the future California High Speed Rail.[41]
Public transportation[link]
Public transit is provided by the Fresno Area Express. It consists entirely on buses serving the greater Fresno metropolitan area. Intercity and long-distance bus service is provided by Greyhound and Orange Belt Stages.
The city once provided trolley service during the late 19th and early 20th century. Known as the Fresno City Railway Company and later the Fresno Traction Company, the service operated horse-drawn streetcars from 1887 to 1901. Electric streetcars were introduced in 1903. The electric streetcars were used until 1939.[42]
Walkability[link]
A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Fresno 26th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.[43]
Military units[link]
US Army[link]
US Army Reserve, 63rd Regional Support Command All at the US Army Reserve Center at the Fresno Chandler Executive Airport
Army Maintenance Support Activity 14
729 Training Camp Company
924 Training Camp Detachment[44]
US Marine Corps[link]
US Marine Corps Forces Reserve, Marine Wing Support Squadron 473 Detachment Alpha[45] formerly located at The Fresno Yosemite international Airport. The unit is now based out of Lemoore Naval Air Station in Lemoore, California, about 30 miles outside Fresno.
US Navy[link]
Naval Air Station Lemoore, the Navy's west coast Master Jet Base is located 30 miles south of downtown Fresno.
United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps, Fresno Battalion Navy Operational Support Center[46]
Navy League Cadet Corps, Training Ship Fresno Navy Operational Support Center[46] Located at The Fresno Armed Forces Reserve Center adjacent to Hammer Army Air Field Armory
US Air Force[link]
Civil Air Patrol, Fresno Composite Squadron 112[47] Located at the Army National Guard Armory on the Fresno Fair grounds, hanger at Fresno Yosemite international Airport.
California Army National Guard[link]
40th Aviation Brigade, 40th Infantry Division[48] located at Hammer Army Air Field Armory
Echo Company, 79th Brigade Support Battalion, 79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, 40th Infantry Division
1106th Theater Aviation Maintenance Sustainment Group, 1106th Aviation Classification Repair Depot[49] Located at the Aviation Classification Repair Depot on the Fresno Yosemite International airport
Detachment 1, 649th MP Company, 49th Military Police Brigade
California Air National Guard[link]
144th Fighter Wing[49] Located at the California Air National Guard Base at Fresno Yosemite International Airport
California State Military Reserve[link]
40th Combat Aviation Brigade (CAB), 100th Troop Command Support Brigade [50] Located at The Fresno Armed Forces Reserve Center adjacent to Hammer Army Air Field Armory
Community-based organizations (nonprofits)[link]
The City of Fresno is home to a number of nonprofits that serve the community, and/or contribute to the local economy by providing employment opportunities. Nonprofits based in Fresno include:
- San Joaquin River Parkway and Conservation Trust
- Central California Legal Services
- GRID Alternatives
- Centro La Familia
- Clovis Amateur Radio Pioneers, an amateur radio club that serves Clovis, Fresno and the Central Valley.
- Fresno Rescue Mission
- Girl Scouts of Central California South
- Marjaree Mason Center
- Poverello House
- ReadFresno
- Tree Fresno
- Reading and Beyond
See also[link]
- Fresno Police Department
- Fresno County Library
- Japanese American internment
- List of people from Fresno, California
- List of tallest buildings in Fresno
References[link]
- ^ U.S. Census
- ^ a b c "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "U.S. Census Bureau, Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 TO 1990". http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab19.txt. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Kevin Enns-Rempel; John Edward Powell. "Fresno Sanitary Landfill (1937)". HistoricFresno.org. http://historicfresno.org/nrhp/landfill.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
- ^ "Pinedale Assembly Center, California". U.s. National Parks Service. http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce16e.htm. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
- ^ Holman, Michael (October 1984). "History". Breaking and the New York City Breakers. Freundlich Books. ISBN 0-88191-016-3. http://www.msu.edu/~okumurak/styles/pop.html. Retrieved 2007-05-15.
- ^ Jim Boren (December 12, 2002). "Lessons learned from Rezone can't be forgotten". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on December 28, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20021228095048/http%3A//www.fresnobee.com/columnists/boren/story/5599730p-6576567c.html. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
- ^ Mike Oz (October 5, 2009). "Fresno: The Dumbest City in America?". The Fresno Bee. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. http://fresnobeehive.com/2009/10/fresno_the_dumb.html. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ The Daily Beast (October 4, 2009). "America's Smartest Cities". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/787/1/?redirectURL=http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2009-10-04/americas-smartest-cities---from-first-to-worst/. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ The Daily Beast (October 24, 2010). "Smartest Cities". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on January 24, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2249/1/. Retrieved 2011-01-24.
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Fresno, California
- ^ "Civil War Revisited Wraps Up". ABC30.com. October 10, 2005. http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=local&id=3522714. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ "The Civil War Revisited". Fresno Historical Society. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070311140721/http://www.civilwarrevisited.com/index.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ "Fresno, California Climate Summary". RSS Feeds World Weather. http://www.rssweather.com/climate/California/Fresno/. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ a b "Climatological Normals of Fresno". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/fresno_e.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-13.
- ^ "Fresno, California Wind Direction Diagram". Causes of Haze Assessment. 2002. http://www.coha.dri.edu/web/state_analysis/California/KingsCanyonNP_metsfcwind_fresno.html. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ Hogan, C. Michael; Patmore, Leda C.;Harry Seidman (August 1973). Statistical Prediction of Dynamic Thermal Equilibrium Temperatures using Standard Meteorological Data Bases. EPA-660/2-73-003. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. http://cave.epa.gov/cgi/nph-bwcgis/BASIS/ncat/dba/ncat/DDW?M=145&W=DATETAG++%3D++1060217. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ^ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=hnx. Retrieved 2012-12-03.
- ^ "Average Weather for Fresno, CA - Temperature and Precipitation". The Weather Channel. http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/fitness/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA0406. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ "FRESNO WSO AP, CALIFORNIA – Climate Summary". Wrcc.dri.edu. http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca3257. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2008-08-01. Archived March 7, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ COMBINED STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENT CORE BASED STATISTICAL AREAS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Retrieved 2008-08-01. Archived April 3, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
- ^ "Fresno County, California". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06019.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "California - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2007 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007" (CSV). 2007 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2008-07-10. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2007-01.csv. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
- ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007". US Census Bureau, Population Division. 2008-03-27. http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2007/CBSA-EST2007-01.csv. Retrieved 2008-12-01.
- ^ City of Fresno, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2010
- ^ "Mayors of U.S. Cities A–L". WorldStatesmen.org. 1 August 2010. http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_Mayors.html#Fresno. Retrieved 1 August 2010.
- ^ History, SCCC Foundation: Old Administration Building. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "building # 92001276 on the national register of historic places". Nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com. http://nationalregisterofhistoricplaces.com/ca/Fresno/state.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Fresno's Historic Tower Theatre". Tower2000.com. http://www.tower2000.com/history/index.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "The Old Administration Building at Fresno City College :: A Legacy Renewed". Oabalegacyrenewed.com. http://www.oabalegacyrenewed.com/history.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2007/04/24/remembering-the-life-of-a-corporate-sellout/
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Lahore Sister Cities". Chicago Sister Cities International Program. Archived from the original on October 19, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071019155908/http://www.chicagosistercities.com/explore.php?pagename=Lahore+-+Lahore+Sister+Cities§ion=Lahore. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
- ^ "American FactFinder". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov. . San Francisco is the only possible alternative, but two interstates still enter it.
- ^ Highways-Routes 1-8. California Highways. Accessed 2011-01-01
- ^ "The Front-Door Fliers". Time Magazine. December 10, 1965. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,898437,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
- ^ "High Speed Train Project". DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. http://www.thefederalregister.com/d.p/2009-10-01-E9-23749. Retrieved 2010.
- ^ "Fulton Berry's Street: From Street Cars To No Cars At All, Almost". Fresno Historical Society. Archived from the original on February 23, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070223054804/http://valleyhistory.org/PandP/fultonstreet.html. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ "2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings". Walk Score. 2011. http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/. Retrieved Aug 28, 2011.
- ^ John Pike. "63rd Regional Readiness Command". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/63rsc.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Official Website for Marine Wing Support Squadron 473 Detachment Alpha". Mfr.usmc.mil. http://www.mfr.usmc.mil/4thmaw/mwsg47/mwss473/deta/default.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ a b "USNSCC Unit Locator". Dolphin.seacadets.org. http://dolphin.seacadets.org/US_units/unitlist_public.asp?stateid=ca#Fresno. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ ": The Civil Air Patrol :". Cap.findlocation.com. http://cap.findlocation.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Where Are The Divisions". Strategypage.com. 2004-11-08. http://www.strategypage.com/fyeo/howtomakewar/databases/wherearethedivisions.asp. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ a b John Pike. "Fresno Air National Guard Base". Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/fresno.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Unit Contacts". Calguard.ca.gov. http://www.calguard.ca.gov/casmr/Pages/unit_contact.aspx. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fresno, California |
- City of Fresno Official website
- City of Fresno Developer's Guide for Downtown Housing
- Guide to Historic Architecture in Fresno, California at FresnoHistory.org
- Fresno, California at the Open Directory Project
- Fresno City and County Historical Society
- Fresno Convention & Visitor Bureau
- Greater Fresno Area Chamber of Commerce
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresno,_California
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see California (disambiguation).
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California (pronounced i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state,[10] and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland).[11] The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.[12]
The name California once referred to a large area of North America claimed by Spain that included much of modern-day Southwestern United States and the Baja California peninsula. Beginning in the late 18th century, the area known as Alta California, comprising the California territory north of the Baja Peninsula, was colonized by the Spanish Empire as part of New Spain. In 1821, Alta California became a part of Mexico following its successful war for independence. Shortly after the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, a group of American settlers in Sonoma declared an independent California Republic in Alta California. Though its existence was short-lived, its flag became the precursor for California's current state flag. American victory in the war led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in which Mexico ceded Alta California to the United States. Western areas of Alta California became the state of California, which was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.
The California Gold Rush beginning in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic change, with large scale immigration from the U.S. and abroad and an accompanying economic boom. Key developments in the early 20th century included the emergence of Los Angeles as the center of the American entertainment industry, and the growth of a large, state-wide tourism sector. The late 20th century saw the development of the technology and information sectors, punctuated by the growth of Silicon Valley. California's prosperous agricultural industry also emerged; at least half of the fresh fruit produced in the United States are now cultivated in California, and the state also leads in the production of vegetables.[13] Other important contributors to its economy include aerospace, education, and manufacturing. If California were a country, it would be the eighth-largest economy in the world[14] and the 34th most populous nation.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Main article: Origin of the name California
The word California originally referred to the entire region composed of the Baja California peninsula of Mexico, the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
The name California is most commonly believed to have derived from a fictional paradise peopled by Black Amazons and ruled by Queen Calafia.[15][16] The story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo.[17][18][19] The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a remote land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts, and rich in gold.
Know ye that at the right hand of the Indies there is an island called California, very close to that part of the Terrestrial Paradise, which was inhabited by black women without a single man among them, and they lived in the manner of Amazons. They were robust of body with strong passionate hearts and great virtue. The island itself is one of the wildest in the world on account of the bold and craggy rocks.
— Chapter CLVII of The Adventures of Esplandián[20]
The name California is the fifth oldest surviving European place-name in the US and was applied to what is now the southern tip of Baja California peninsula as the Island of California by a Spanish expedition led by Diego de Becerra and Fortún Ximénez, who landed there in 1533 at the behest of Hernán Cortés.[note 1]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of California
California adjoins the Pacific Ocean to the west, Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With an area of 160,000 square miles (414,000 km2), it is the third-largest state in the United States in size, after Alaska and Texas.[22] If it were a country, California would be the 59th-largest in the world in area.
In the middle of the state lies the California Central Valley, bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's agricultural heartland and grows approximately one-third of the nation's food.[23][24]
Divided in two by the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as the watershed of the Sacramento River, while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River; both areas derive their names from the rivers that transit them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained sufficiently deep that several inland cities are seaports.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta serves as a critical water supply hub for the state. Water is routed through an extensive network of canals and pumps out of the delta, that traverse nearly the length of the state, including the Central Valley Project and the State Water Project. Water from the Delta provides drinking water for nearly 23 million people, almost two-thirds of the state's population, and provides water to farmers on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. The Channel Islands are located off the southern coast.
The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range") includes the highest peak in the contiguous forty-eight states, Mount Whitney, at 14,505 ft (4421 m).[4][5][6] The range embraces Yosemite Valley, famous for its glacially carved domes, and Sequoia National Park, home to the giant sequoia trees, the largest living organisms on Earth, and the deep freshwater lake, Lake Tahoe, the largest lake in the state by volume.
To the east of the Sierra Nevada are Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential migratory bird habitat. In the western part of the state is Clear Lake, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Though Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States.
About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests,[25] and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; one Bristlecone pine has an age of 4,700 years.
In the south is a large inland salt lake, the Salton Sea. The south-central desert is called the Mojave; to the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest and hottest place in North America, the Badwater Basin at −282 feet (−86.0 m).[8] The horizontal distance from the nadir of Death Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water.
Along the California coast are several major metropolitan areas, including Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area.
As part of the Ring of Fire, California is subject to tsunamis, floods, droughts, Santa Ana winds, wildfires, landslides on steep terrain, and has several volcanoes. It sees numerous earthquakes due to several faults, in particular the San Andreas Fault.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of California
California's climate varies from Mediterranean to subarctic.
Much of the state has a Mediterranean climate, with cool, rainy winters and dry summers. The cool California Current offshore often creates summer fog near the coast. Farther inland, one encounters colder winters and hotter summers.
Northern parts of the state average higher annual rainfall than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate, and the Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate but with greater temperature extremes than the coast. The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer.
The east side of California's mountains produce a rain shadow, creating expansive deserts. The higher elevation deserts of eastern California see hot summers and cold winters, while the low deserts east of the southern California mountains experience hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. Death Valley, a desert with large expanses below sea level, is considered the hottest location in North America; the highest temperature in the Western Hemisphere, 134 °F (57 °C), was recorded there on July 10, 1913. The lowest temperature in California was −45 °F in 1937 in Boca.
Ecology[link]
Main article: Ecology of California
California is one of the richest and most diverse parts of the world, and includes some of the most endangered ecological communities. California is part of the Nearctic ecozone and spans a number of terrestrial ecoregions.[26]
California's large number of endemic species includes relict species, which have died out elsewhere, such as the Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus). Many other endemics originated through differentiation or adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species develop from a common ancestor to take advantage of diverse ecological conditions such as the California lilac (Ceanothus). Many California endemics have become endangered, as urbanization, logging, overgrazing, and the introduction of exotic species have encroached on their habitat.
Flora and fauna[link]
California boasts several superlatives in its collection of flora: the largest trees, the tallest trees, and the oldest trees. California's native grasses are perennial plants.[27] After European contact, these were generally replaced by invasive species of European annual grasses; and, in modern times, California's hills turn a characteristic golden-brown in summer.[28]
Because California has the greatest diversity of climate and terrain, the state has six life zones which are the lower Sonoran (desert); upper Sonoran (foothill regions and some coastal lands), transition (coastal areas and moist northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic Zones, comprising the state's highest elevations.[29]
Plant life in the dry climate of the lower Sonoran zone contains a diversity of native cactus, mesquite, and paloverde. The Joshua tree is found in the Mojave Desert. Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of asters. Fremont cottonwood and valley oak thrive in the Central Valley. The upper Sonoran zone includes the chaparral belt, characterized by forests of small shrubs, stunted trees, and herbaceous plants. Nemophila, mint, phacelia, viola, and the California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica) – the state flower – also flourish in this zone, along with the lupine, more species of which occur here than anywhere else in the world.[29]
The transition zone includes most of California's forests with the redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the "big tree" or giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea), among the oldest living things on earth (some are said to have lived at least 4,000 years). Tanbark oak, California laurel, Sugar Pine, madrona, broad-leaved maple, and Douglas-fir also grow here. Forest floors are covered with swordfern, alumnroot, barrenwort, and trillium, and there are tickets of huckleberry, azalea, elder, and wild currant. Characteristic wild flowers include varieties of mariposa, tulip, and tiger and leopard lilies.[30]
The high elevations of the Canadian zone allow the Jeffrey Pine, red fir, and Lodgepole Pine to thrive. Brushy areas are abundant with dwarf manzanita and ceanothus; the unique Sierra puffball is also found here. Right below the timeberline, in the Hudsonian zone, the whitebark, foxtail, and silver pines grow. At about 10,500 ft (3,200 m), begins the Arctic zone, a treeless region whose flora include a number of wildflowers, including Sierra primrose, yellow columbine, alpine buttercup, and alpine shooting star.[29][31]
Common plants that have been introduced to the state include the eucalyptus, acacia, pepper tree, geranium, and Scotch broom. The species that are federally classified as endangered are the Contra Costa wallflower, Antioch Dunes evening primrose, Solano Grass, San Clemente Island larkspur, salt marsh bird's beak, McDonald's rock-cress, and Santa Barbara Island Liveforever. As of December 1997[update], 85 plant species were listed as threatened or endangered.[29]
In the deserts of the lower Sonoran zone, the mammals include the jackrabbit, kangaroo rat, squirrel, and opossum. Common birds include the owl, roadrunner, Cactus Wren, and various species of hawk. The area's reptilian life include the sidewinder viper, desert tortoise, and horned toad. The upper Sonoran zone boasts mammals such as the antelope, brown-footed woodrat, and Ring-tailed Cat. Birds unique to this zone are the California thrasher, bushtit, and California Condor.[29][32][33][34]
In the transition zone, there are Colombian Black-tailed Deer, black bears, gray foxes, cougars, bobcats, and Roosevelt elk. Reptiles such as the garter snakes and rattlesnakes inhabit the zone. In addition, amphibians such as the water puppy and redwood salamander are common too. Birds such as the kingfisher, chickadee, towhee, and hummingbird thrive here as well.[29][35]
The Canadian zone mammals include the Mountain Weasel, Snowshoe Hare, and several species of chipmunks. Conspicuous birds include the blue-fronted jay, Sierra chickadee. Sierra hermit thrush, water ouzel, and Townsend's solitaire. As one ascends into the Hudsonian zone, birds become scarcer. While the Sierra rosy finch is the only bird native to the high Arctic region, other bird species such as the hummingbird and Clark's Nutcracker. Principal mammals found in this region include the Sierra coney, White-tailed Jackrabbit, and the Bighorn Sheep. As of April 2003[update], the Bighorn Sheep was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The fauna found throughout several zones are the mule deer, coyote, mountain lion, Northern Flicker, and several species of hawk and sparrow.[29]
Aquatic life in California thrives, from the state's mountain lakes and streams to the rocky Pacific coastline. Numerous trout species are found, among them rainbow, golden, and Tahoe. Migratory species of salmon are common as well. Deep-sea life forms include sea bass, yellowfin tuna, barracuda, and several types of whale. Native to the cliffs of northern California are seals, sea lions, and many types of shorebirds, including migratory species.[29]
As of April 2003, 118 California animals were on the federal endangered list; 181 plants were listed as endangered or threatened. Endangered animals include the San Joaquin kitfox, Point Arena mountain beaver, Pacific pocket mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, Morro Bay kangaroo rat (and five other species of kangaroo rat), Amargosa vole, California Least Tern, California Condor, Loggerhead Shrike, San Clemente sage sparrow, San Francisco garter snake, five species of salamander, three species of chub, and two species of pupfish. Eleven butterflies are also endangered and two that are threatened are on the federal list. Among threatened animals are the coastal California Gnatcatcher, Paiute cutthroat trout, southern sea otter, and Northern Spotted Owl. California has a total of 290,821 acres (1,176.91 km2) of National Wildlife Refuges.[29] As of September 2010[update], 123 California animals were listed as either endangered or threatened on the federal list provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.[36] Also, as of the same year[update], 178 species of California plants were listed either as endangered or threatened on this federal list.[36]
Rivers[link]
Main article: List of rivers of California
The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are looked after by the California Coastal Commission.
The two most prominent rivers within California are the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River, which drain the Central Valley and the west slope of the Sierra Nevada and flow to the Pacific Ocean through San Francisco Bay. Several major tributaries feed into the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, including the Pit River, the Tuolumne River, and the Feather River.
The Owens River takes runoff from the southeastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and flows into Owens Lake. The Eel River and Salinas River each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively. The Mojave River is the primary watercourse in the Mojave Desert, and the Santa Ana River drains much of the Transverse Ranges as it bisects Southern California.
Some other important rivers are the Klamath River and the Trinity River in the far north coast, and the Colorado River on the southeast border with Arizona.
Regions[link]
for more, see List of regions of California and List of places in California.
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Mount Whitney (l), the highest point in the Contiguous U.S., is less than 90 miles (140 km) away from Badwater Basin in Death Valley (r), the lowest point in North America
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History[link]
| History of California | |
|---|---|
 This article is part of a series |
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| Timeline | |
| To 1899 | |
| Gold Rush (1848) | |
| US Civil War (1861-1865) | |
| Since 1900 | |
| Topics | |
| Maritime · Railroad · | |
| Highways · Slavery | |
| Cities | |
| Los Angeles · San Franicsco · | |
| San Diego · San Jose · | |
| Sacramento | |
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California Portal |
Main article: History of California
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America; The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.
The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565.[37] Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain.
Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the U.S. and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross.
Spanish missionaries began setting up 21 California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios. In 1821 the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California) independence from Spain; for the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos, emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants, and traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.
In 1846 settlers rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's first and only president was William B. Ide,[38] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt.
The California Republic was short lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States, Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the U.S. forces. After a series of defensive battles in Southern California, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing American control in California. Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war, the region was divided between Mexico and the U.S.; the western territory of Alta California, was to become the U.S. state of California, and Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah became U.S. Territories, while the lower region of California, the Baja Peninsula, remained in the possession of Mexico.
In 1848 the non-native population of California was estimated to be no more than 15,000. After gold was discovered, the population burgeoned with U.S. citizens, Europeans and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By 1854 over 300,000 settlers had come.[39] On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the United States undivided as a free state, denying the expansion of slavery to the Pacific Coast.
However, California's native population precipitously declined due to murder, starvation, and infections. Like in other states, the native inhabitants were forcefully removed from their lands by incoming miners, ranchers, and farmers. And despite the fact that California entered the union as a free state, the Native population was enslaved under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.[40] There were several massacres, including the Yontoket Massacre, the Bloody Island Massacre at Clear Lake, and the Old Shasta Massacre, in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed. Between 1850 and 1860, California paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government)[41] to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In subsequent decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often very small and isolated and lacked adequate natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them.[40] As a result, the rise of California brought great hardship for the native inhabitants. Several scholars, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.[42]
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule was located at Monterey from 1777 until 1835, when Mexican authorities abandoned[dubious – discuss] California, leaving their missions and military forts behind.[43] In 1849 the Constitutional Convention was first held there. Among the duties was the task of determining the location for the new state capital. The first legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854[44] with only a short break in 1861 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento.
Initially, travel between California and the rest of the continental U.S. was time consuming and dangerous. A more direct connection came in 1869 with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad through Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Once completed, hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens came west, where new Californians were discovering that land in the state, if irrigated during the dry summer months, was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
Migration to California accelerated during the early-20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union. In order to meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. A couple of decades later, Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley.[45] As a result of these efforts, California is currently regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology and engineering businesses, and as the U.S. center of agricultural production.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of California
Population[link]
| Historical populations | |||
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| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 92,597 |
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| 1860 | 379,994 | 310.4% | |
| 1870 | 560,247 | 47.4% | |
| 1880 | 864,694 | 54.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,213,398 | 40.3% | |
| 1900 | 1,485,053 | 22.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,377,549 | 60.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,426,861 | 44.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,677,251 | 65.7% | |
| 1940 | 6,907,387 | 21.7% | |
| 1950 | 10,586,223 | 53.3% | |
| 1960 | 15,717,204 | 48.5% | |
| 1970 | 19,953,134 | 27.0% | |
| 1980 | 23,667,902 | 18.6% | |
| 1990 | 29,760,021 | 25.7% | |
| 2000 | 33,871,648 | 13.8% | |
| 2010 | 37,253,956 | 10.0% | |
| Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010[46][47] Chart does not include Indigenous population figures. Studies indicate that the Native American population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000 before declining to 15,000 by 1900.[40][48] |
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The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of California was 37,691,912 on July 1, 2011, a 1.2% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[3] Between 2000 and 2009, there was a natural increase of 3,090,016 (5,058,440 births minus 2,179,958 deaths).[49] During this time period, international migration produced a net increase of 1,816,633 people while domestic migration produced a net decrease of 1,509,708, resulting in a net in-migration of 306,925 people.[49] The State of California's own statistics show a population of 38,292,687 for January 1, 2009.[11]
California is the second-most-populous sub-national entity in the Western Hemisphere and the Americas, with a population second to that of State of São Paulo, Brazil.[50] California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world.[51][52] Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states.[53][54] In addition, California is home to eight of the 50 most populous cities in the United States: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), San Francisco (13th), Fresno (34th), Sacramento (35th), Long Beach (36th), and Oakland (47th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County.[note 2]
In 2010, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 7.3 percent of the population, the third highest percentage of any state in the country,[56][57] totaling nearly 2.6 million.[58] More than half originate from Mexico.[58]
Starting in the year 2010, for the first time since the California Gold Rush, California-born residents make up the majority of the state's population.[59]
Racial and ancestral makeup[link]
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This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (October 2011) |
According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:
- 57.6% White (40.1% Non-Hispanic White)
- 13.0% Asian (3.2% Chinese, 3.2% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Indian, 1.2% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.2% Hmong, 0.2% Cambodian, 0.2% Laotian, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% Pakistani)
- 6.2% Black or African American
- 1.0% Native American
- 4.9% Multiracial (1.3% White and "Some Other Race", 1.2% White and Asian, 0.6% White and Native American, 0.5% White and Black, 1.3% Other)
- 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Guamanian or Chamorro, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, 0.2% "Other Pacific Islander")
- 37.6% are Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (30.7% Mexican, 1.5% Salvadoran, 0.9% Guatemalan, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Nicaraguan, 0.2% Honduran, 0.2% Cuban, 0.2% Colombian, 0.2% Peruvian)
The principal ancestries of California's residents in 2009 has been surveyed to be:[60]
With regard to demographics, California has the largest population of White Americans in the U.S., an estimated 22,189,514 residents, although most demographic surveys do not measure actual genetic ancestry. The state has the fifth-largest population of African Americans in the U.S., an estimated 2,250,630 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, approximately one-third of the nation's 13.1 million Asian Americans. California's Native American population of 285,162 is the most of any state.[61]
According to estimates from 2008, California has the largest minority population in the United States by numbers, making up 57% of the state population.[47] In 2000, Hispanics comprised 32% of the population; that number grew to 37% in 2008.[62] Non-Hispanic whites decreased from 80% of the state's population in 1970 to 42% in 2008.[47][63]
Approximately 26% of California's public school students in the 2011–12 school year identified themselves as white (non-Hispanic), and 52.1% of the state's students identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino. The following ethnic groups that made up the statewide public school student body were Asians (11.1%), African Americans (6.5%), Native Americans (0.7%), and Pacific Islanders (0.6%). Students of mixed race made up 2.1% of the public schools. Hispanics made up the majority of the state's public schools since 2010. Los Angeles Unified School District, the largest school district in California and second largest in the nation, is 73.4% Hispanic, 9.5% African American, 9.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 6.2% Asian, 0.5% Native American, and 0.4% Pacific Islander.[64][65] While the population of minorities accounts for 102 million of 301 million U.S. residents, 20% of the national total live in California.[61][66]
Languages[link]
As of 2005, 57.6% of California residents age five and older spoke English as a first language at home, while 28.2% spoke Spanish. In addition to English and Spanish, 2.0% spoke Filipino, 1.6% spoke Chinese (which included Cantonese [0.6%] and Mandarin [0.4%]), 1.4% spoke Vietnamese, and 1.1% spoke Korean as their mother tongue. In total, 42.4% of the population spoke languages other than English.[67][68] California was historically one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world, and is home to more than 70 indigenous languages derived from 64 root languages in 6 language families.[69][70] About half of the indigenous languages are no longer spoken, and all of California's living indigenous languages are endangered. There are some efforts toward language revitalization, such as for the Karuk language.
The official language of California has been English since the passage of Proposition 63 in 1986.[71] However, many state, city, and local government agencies still continue to print official public documents in numerous languages.[72] For example, the California Department of Motor Vehicles offers the written exam for the standard C Class driver's license in 31 languages along with English, and the audio exam in 11 languages.[73]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of California
The culture of California is a Western culture and most clearly has its modern roots in the culture of the United States, but also, historically, many Hispanic influences. As a border and coastal state, Californian culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America.[74]
California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise. In the early 20th century, fueled by the efforts of state and local boosters, many Americans saw the Golden State as an ideal resort destination, sunny and dry all year round with easy access to the ocean and mountains. In the 1960s, popular music groups such as The Beach Boys promoted the image of Californians as laid-back, tanned beach-goers.
In terms of socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more liberal than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. In some ways, California is the quintessential Blue State – accepting of alternative lifestyles, not uniformly religious, and preoccupied with environmental issues.
The gold rush of the 1850s is still seen as a symbol of California's economic style, which tends to generate technology, social, entertainment, and economic fads and booms and related busts.
LGBT[link]
Main articles: LGBT rights in California and LGBT history in California
California is considered generally liberal in its policies regarding the LGBT community, and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people have received greater recognition since 1960 at both the state and municipal level. California is home to a number of gay villages such as the Castro District in San Francisco, Hillcrest in San Diego, and West Hollywood.
Through the Domestic Partnership Act of 1999, California became the first state in the United States to recognize same-sex relationships in any legal capacity. However, the status of same-sex marriage in California is unique among the other U.S. states, in that California formerly granted marriage licenses to same-sex couples, but has discontinued doing so. In 2000, voters passed Proposition 22, which restricted state recognition of marriage to opposite-sex couples. However, in May 2008, the California Supreme Court struck down the initiative in In re Marriage Cases, leading to the marriage of over 85500 same-sex couples between May and November of that year. In November of the same year, the Supreme Court ruling was overruled when voters passed Proposition 8, an amendment to the California Constitution that limited marriages to those between one man and one woman, resulting in protests and further judicial cases.
In 2011, the State Legislature passed the FAIR Education Act, making California the first state to enforce the teaching of LGBT history and social sciences in the public school curriculum, while also prohibiting educational discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in California
The largest religious denominations by number of adherents as a percentage of California's population in 2008 were the Catholic Church with 31 percent; Evangelical Protestants with 18 percent; and Mainline Protestants with 14 percent. Those unaffiliated with any religion represented 21 percent of the population.[75] The American Jewish Yearbook placed the total Jewish population of California at about 1,194,190 in 2006.[76]
The first priests to come to California were Roman Catholic missionaries from Spain. Roman Catholics founded 21 missions along the California coast, as well as the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. California continues to have a large Roman Catholic population due to the large numbers of Mexicans and Central Americans living within its borders. California has twelve dioceses and two archdioceses, the Archdiocese of Los Angeles and the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the former being the largest archdiocese in the United States.
A Pew Research Center survey revealed that California is somewhat less religious than the rest of the US: 62 percent of Californians say they are "absolutely certain" of the belief in God, while in the nation 71 percent say so. The survey also revealed 48 percent of Californians say religion is "very important," compared to 56 percent nationally.[77]
Armed forces[link]
In California, as of 2002[update], the US Department of Defense had[78][unreliable source?]
- 123,948 active-duty military personnel
- 7,932 US Army personnel
- 96,047 US Navy (including 20,000+US Marines)
- 19,969 Air Force
- 58,076 DOD civilian personnel
In California, as of 2000[update] there were 2,569,340 veterans of US military service: 504,010 served in World War II, 301,034 in the Korean War, 754,682 during the Vietnam War, and 278,003 during 1990–2000 (including the Persian Gulf War).[78]
California's military forces consist of the Army and Air National Guard, the naval and state military reserve (militia), and the California Cadet Corps.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of California
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As of 2010, the gross state product (GSP) is about $1.9 trillion, the largest in the United States.[81] California is responsible for 13 percent of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). As of 2006, California's GDP is larger than all but eight countries in the world (all but eleven countries by Purchasing Power Parity). In terms of taxation and regulations, workforce quality, and living environment, Chief Executive Group has ranked the state as the worst place to do business in the United States.[82]
In terms of jobs, the five largest sectors in California are trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality. In terms of output, the five largest sectors are financial services, followed by trade, transportation, and utilities; education and health services; government; and manufacturing.[83]
California currently has the 5th highest unemployment rate in the nation at 12.5% as of January 2010[update] and had continued to rise, up significantly from 5.9% in 2007.[84][85]
California's economy is very dependent on trade and international related commerce accounts for approximately one-quarter of the state’s economy. In 2008, California exported $144 billion worth of goods, up from $134 billion in 2007 and $127 billion in 2006.[86] Computers and electronic products are California's top export, accounting for 42 percent of all the state's exports in 2008.[86]
Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004.[87] This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production.[87] In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue.[88]
Per capita GDP in 2007 was $38,956, ranking eleventh in the nation.[89] Per capita income varies widely by geographic region and profession. The Central Valley is the most impoverished, with migrant farm workers making less than minimum wage. Recently, the San Joaquin Valley was characterized as one of the most economically depressed regions in the U.S., on par with the region of Appalachia.[90] Many coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the U.S. The high-technology sectors in Northern California, specifically Silicon Valley, in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, have emerged from the economic downturn caused by the dot-com bust.
In 2010, there were more than 663,000 millionaires in the state, more than any other state in the nation.[91]
State finances[link]
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This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (May 2012) |
Main article: California state finances
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California levies a 9.3 percent maximum variable rate income tax, with six tax brackets, collecting about $40 billion per year (representing approximately 51% of General Fund revenue and 40% of tax revenue overall in FY2007).[92] California has a state sales tax of 8.25%, which can total up to 10.75% with local sales tax included.[93] All real property is taxable annually, the tax based on the property's fair market value at the time of purchase or completion of new construction. Property tax increases are capped at 2% per year (see Proposition 13).
However, California is facing a $26.3 billion budget deficit for the 2009–2010 budget year.[94] While the legislative bodies appeared to address the problem in 2008 with the three-month delayed passage of a budget they in fact only postponed the deficit to 2009 and due to the late 2008 decline in the economy and the credit crisis the problem became urgent in November 2008.
One potential problem is that a substantial portion of the state's income comes from income taxes on a small proportion of wealthy citizens. For example, it is estimated that in 2004 the richest 3% of state taxpayers (those with tax returns showing over $200,000 in yearly income) paid approximately 60% of state income taxes.[95] The taxable income of this population is highly dependent upon capital gains, which has been severely impacted by the stock market declines of this period. The governor has proposed a combination of extensive program cuts and tax increases to address this problem, but owing to longstanding problems in the legislature these proposals are likely to be difficult to pass as legislation.
State spending increased from $56 billion in 1998 to $131 billion in 2008, and the state was facing a budget deficit of $40 billion in 2008.[96] California is facing another budget gap for 2010,[97] with $72 billion in debt.[98] California faces a massive and still-growing debt.[99]
In 2009 the California economic crisis became severe as the state faced insolvency.[100][dated info] In June 2009 Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger said "Our wallet is empty, our bank is closed and our credit is dried up."[101] He called for massive budget cuts of $24 billion, about 1⁄4 of the state's budget.[101] California, with 12% of the U.S. population, has one-third of the nation's welfare recipients.[102]
Infrastructure[link]
Energy[link]
Main article: Energy use in California
Because it is the most populous U.S. state, California is one of the country's largest users of energy. However because of its mild weather and strong environmental movement, its per capita energy use is one of the smallest of any U.S. state.[103] Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.[104]
As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has the some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.[105] Currently, several solar power plants such as the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility are located in the Mojave Desert. California's wind farms include Altamont Pass, San Gorgonio Pass, and Tehachapi Pass. And a number of dams across the state also provide hydro-electric power.
The state’s crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in the Central Valley and along the coast, including the large Midway-Sunset Oil Field. Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of State electricity generation.
California is also home to two major nuclear power plants: Diablo Canyon and San Onofre. However, voters banned the approval of new nuclear power plants since the late 1970s because of concerns over radioactive waste disposal.[106][note 3] In addition, several cities such as Oakland, Berkeley and Davis have declared themselves as nuclear-free zones.
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation of California
California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of controlled-access highways ('freeways'), limited-access roads ('expressways'), and highways. California is known for its car culture, giving California's cities a reputation for severe traffic congestion. Construction and maintenance of state roads and statewide transportation planning are primarily the responsibility of the California Department of Transportation, nicknamed "Caltrans". The rapidly growing population of the state is straining all of its transportation networks, and California has some of the worst roads in the United States.[108][109] The Reason Foundation's 19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems ranked California's highways the third-worst of any state, with Alaska second, and Rhode Island first.[110]
The state has been a pioneer in road construction. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the Golden Gate Bridge, was once the longest suspension bridge main span in the world at 4,200 feet (1,300 m) when it opened in 1937. With its orange paint and panoramic views of the bay, this highway bridge is a popular tourist attraction and also accommodates pedestrians and bicyclists. The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge (often abbreviated the "Bay Bridge"), completed in 1936, transports approximately 280,000 vehicles per day on two-decks. Its two sections meet at Yerba Buena Island through the world's largest diameter transportation bore tunnel, at 76 feet (23 m) wide by 58 feet (18 m) high.[111] The Arroyo Seco Parkway, connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena, opened in 1940 as the first freeway in the Western United States.[112] It was later extended south to the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles, regarded as the first stack interchange ever built.[113]
Los Angeles International Airport and San Francisco International Airport are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state.
California also has several important seaports. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the country and responsible for handling about a fourth of all container cargo traffic in the United States. The Port of Oakland, fourth largest in the nation, handles trade from the Pacific Rim and delivers most of the ocean containers passing through Northern California to the entire USA.
The California Highway Patrol is the largest statewide police agency in the United States in terms of employment with over 10,000 employees. They are responsible for providing any police-sanctioned service to anyone on California's state maintained highways and on state property.
The California Department of Motor Vehicles is by far the largest in North America. By the end of 2009, the California DMV had 26,555,006 driver's licenses and ID cards on file.[114] In 2010, there were 1.17 million new vehicle registrations in force.[115]
Intercity rail travel is provided by Amtrak California, which manages the three busiest intercity rail lines in the U.S. outside the Northeast Corridor, all of which are funded by Caltrans. This service is becoming increasingly popular over flying and ridership is continuing to set records, especially on the LAX-SFO route.[116] Integrated subway and light rail networks are found in Los Angeles (Metro Rail) and San Francisco (MUNI Metro). Light rail systems are also found in San Jose (VTA), San Diego (San Diego Trolley), Sacramento (RT Light Rail), and Northern San Diego County (Sprinter). Furthermore, commuter rail networks serve the San Francisco Bay Area (ACE, BART, Caltrain), Greater Los Angeles (Metrolink), and San Diego County (Coaster).
The California High-Speed Rail Authority was created in 1996 by the state to implement an extensive 700 mile (1127 km) rail system. Construction was approved by the voters during the November 2008 general election, a $9.95 billion state bond will go toward its construction.[117] Nearly all counties operate bus lines, and many cities operate their own bus lines as well. Intercity bus travel is provided by Greyhound and Amtrak Thruway Coach.
In March 2011, California ranked as a top BEST state in the American State Litter Scorecard for overall effectiveness and quality of its public space cleanliness – primarily roadway litter–from state and related debris removal efforts.[118]
Government and politics[link]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of California
California is governed as a republic, with three branches of government – the executive branch consisting of the Governor and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the Assembly and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts of California. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification. California allows each political party to choose whether to have a closed primary or a primary where only party members and independents vote. The state's capital is Sacramento.
The Governor of California and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The California State Legislature consists of a 40-member Senate and 80-member Assembly. Senators serve four-year terms and Assembly members two. Members of the Assembly are subject to term limits of three terms, and members of the Senate are subject to term limits of two terms.
California's legal system is explicitly based upon English common law[119] (as is the case with all other states except Louisiana) but carries a few features from Spanish civil law, such as community property. Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment and the state has the largest "Death Row" population in the country (though Texas is far more active in carrying out executions). California's "Death Row" is in San Quentin State Prison situated north of San Francisco in Marin County. Executions in California are currently on hold indefinitely as human rights issues are addressed.[120] California's prison population grew from 25,000 in 1980 to over 170,000 in 2007.[121]
California's judiciary is the largest in the United States (with a total of 1,600 judges, while the federal system has only about 840). It is supervised by the seven Justices of the Supreme Court of California. Justices of the Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal are appointed by the Governor, but are subject to retention by the electorate every 12 years.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of California
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 36.91% 5,011,781 | 60.94% 8,274,473 |
| 2004 | 44.36% 5,509,826 | 54.40% 6,745,485 |
| 2000 | 41.65% 4,567,429 | 53.45% 5,861,203 |
| 1996 | 38.21% 3,828,380 | 51.10% 5,119,835 |
| 1992 | 32.61% 3,630,574 | 46.01% 5,121,325 |
| 1988 | 51.13% 5,054,917 | 47.56% 4,702,233 |
| 1984 | 57.51% 5,467,009 | 41.27% 3,922,519 |
| 1980 | 52.69% 4,524,858 | 35.91% 3,083,661 |
| 1976 | 49.35% 3,882,244 | 47.57% 3,742,284 |
| 1972 | 55.01% 4,602,096 | 41.54% 3,475,847 |
| 1968 | 47.82% 3,467,664 | 44.74% 3,244,318 |
| 1964 | 40.79% 2,879,108 | 59.11% 4,171,877 |
| 1960 | 50.10% 3,259,722 | 49.55% 3,224,099 |
California has an idiosyncratic political culture compared to the rest of the country, and is sometimes regarded as a trendsetter.[122] It was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by voters (including Proposition 8 in 2008). Voters also passed Proposition 71 in 2004 to fund stem cell research, and Proposition 14 in 2010 to completely change the state's primary election process. California has also experienced disputes over water rights; and a tax revolt, culminating with the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, limiting state property taxes.
What has been consistent in the last few decades is that California politics has trended towards the Democratic Party and away from the Republican Party. From 1899 to 1939, California had Republican governors. Once very conservative, having elected Republicans until 1958, California is now a reliable liberal, Democratic state. Since 1990, California has generally elected Democratic candidates to federal, state and local offices, including current Governor Jerry Brown; however, the state has elected Republican Governors, though many of its Republican Governors, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, tend to be considered "Moderate Republicans" and more centrist than the national party.
The Democrats also hold a majority in both houses of the state legislature. There are currently 52 Democrats and 27 Republicans in the Assembly; and 25 Democrats and 15 Republicans in the Senate.
The trend towards the Democratic Party is most obvious in presidential elections; the Democratic Party candidate has won California's electoral votes in the last five elections. Additionally, both the state's current Democratic U.S. Senators, Dianne Feinstein, a native and former mayor of San Francisco, and Barbara Boxer, a former congresswoman from Marin County, have held onto their seats since they were first elected in 1992.
In the U.S. House, the Democrats have held a 34–19 edge since the seating of the 110th United States Congress in 2007. As the result of gerrymandering, the districts in California are usually dominated by one or the other party with very few districts that could be considered competitive.
In general, Democratic strength is centered in coastal regions of Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area. Republican strength is still greatest in eastern parts of the state. Orange County also remains mostly Republican. One study ranked Berkeley, Oakland, Inglewood and San Francisco in the top 10 most liberal American cities; and Bakersfield and Orange in the top 10 most conservative cities.[123]
Cities, towns and counties[link]
For lists of cities, towns, and counties in California, see List of California counties, List of largest California cities by population, List of incorporated cities and towns in California, List of California urban areas, and California locations by per capita income.
The state's local government is divided into 58 counties and 482 incorporated cities and towns; of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. Under California law, the terms "city" and "town" are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)".[124]
Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850.[125] San Jose, San Diego and Benicia tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850.[126][127][128] Jurupa Valley became the state's most recent and 482nd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2011.[129][130]
The majority of these cities and towns are within one of five metropolitan areas. Sixty-eight percent of California's population lives in its three largest metropolitan areas, Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Riverside-San Bernardino Area.[citation needed] Although smaller, the other two large population centers are the San Diego and Greater Sacramento metro areas.
The state recognizes two kinds of cities: charter and general law.[124] General law cities owe their existence to state law and are consequentially governed by it; charter cities are governed by their own city charters. Cities incorporated in the 19th century tend to be charter cities. All ten of the state's most populous cities are charter cities.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in California
Public secondary education consists of high schools that teach elective courses in trades, languages, and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. California's public educational system is supported by a unique constitutional amendment that requires a minimum annual funding level for grades K-12 and community colleges that grows with the economy and student enrollment figures.[131]
California had over 6.2 million school students in the 2005–06 school year. Funding and staffing levels in California schools lag behind other states. In expenditure per pupil, California ranked 29th (of the 50 states and the District of Columbia) in 2005–06. In teaching staff expenditure per pupil, California ranked 49th of 51. In overall teacher-pupil ratio, California was also 49th, with 21 students per teacher. Only Arizona and Utah were lower.[132]
A 2007 study concluded that California's public school system was "broken".[133]
California's public postsecondary education offers a unique three tiered system:
- The research university system in the state is the University of California (UC), a public university system. There are ten general UC campuses, and a number of specialized campuses in the UC system.
- The California State University (CSU) system has almost 450,000 students, making it the largest university system in the United States. It is intended to accept the top one-third of high school students. The 23 CSU schools are primarily intended for undergraduate education.[134]
- The California Community Colleges System provides lower division coursework as well as basic skills and workforce training. It is the largest network of higher education in the US, composed of 110 colleges serving a student population of over 2.9 million.[135]
California is also home to such notable private universities as Stanford University, the University of Southern California, the California Institute of Technology, and the Claremont Colleges. California has hundreds of other private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions.
Sports[link]
Main articles: Sports in California and List of professional sports teams in California
The State of California is the only US state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics were held in Los Angeles. Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics. Multiple games during the 1994 FIFA World Cup took place in California, with the Rose Bowl in Pasadena hosting eight matches including the final, while Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto hosted six matches.
California has nineteen major professional sports league franchises, far more than any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has seven major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. While the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises, it is also the largest metropolitan area not to have a team from the National Football League. San Diego has two major league teams, and Sacramento has one. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium.
Home to some of the most prominent universities in the United States, California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual Rose Bowl, among others.
California has also long been a hub for motorsports and auto racing. The city of Long Beach holds an event every year in the month of April, which is host to IndyCar Series racing through the streets of downtown. Long Beach has hosted Formula One events there in the past, and also currently hosts an event on the American Le Mans Series schedule. Auto Club Speedway is a speedway in Fontana, and currently hosts one to two NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races a year, and used to host CART Indycar races. Infineon Raceway in Sonoma is a multi-purpose facility, featuring a road course and a drag strip. The road course is home to a NASCAR event, an IndyCar event, and used to host an International Motor Sports Association sports car event. The drag strip hosts a yearly NHRA event. Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca is a roadcourse that currently hosts an ALMS event, and formerly hosted CART events. The Auto Club Raceway at Pomona has hosted NHRA drag racing for over 50 years.
Below is a list of major sports teams in California:
| Club | Sport | League |
|---|---|---|
| Oakland Raiders | American football | National Football League |
| San Diego Chargers | American football | National Football League |
| San Francisco 49ers | American football | National Football League |
| Sacramento Mountain Lions | American football | United Football League |
| San Jose SaberCats | Arena football | Arena Football League |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Oakland Athletics | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Diego Padres | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Francisco Giants | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Golden State Warriors | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Clippers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Lakers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Sacramento Kings | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Sparks | Basketball | Women's National Basketball Association |
| Anaheim Ducks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Los Angeles Kings | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| San Jose Sharks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Chivas USA | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| Los Angeles Galaxy | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| San Jose Earthquakes | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| FC Gold Pride | Soccer | Women's Professional Soccer |
| San Diego Sockers | Soccer | Professional Arena Soccer League |
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of people from California
- List of places in California
- National Register of Historic Places listings in California
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to California. |
Notes[link]
- ^ Florida, Dry Tortugas, Cape Canaveral, and Appalachia appeared earlier,....From Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas's accounts, published in 1601.[21][verification needed]
- ^ The coordinates of the center of population are at 35°27′31″N 119°21′19″W / 35.458606°N 119.355165°W / 35.458606; -119.355165.[55]
- ^ Minnesota also has a moratorium on construction of nuclear power plants, which has been in place since 1994.[107]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Government Code Section 420-429.8". State of California Legislative Council. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=00001-01000&file=420-429.8. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
- ^ California – Languages. Census. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ a b "Whitney". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=GT1811. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b c "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ a b c Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ The summit of Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Contiguous United States.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". Reston, Virginia: USGS. April 29, 2005. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011. Originally published in 1995.
- ^ Coté, John (December 31, 2010). "Lt. Gov.-elect Gavin Newsom to be sworn in by Jan. 10". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Newspapers). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/cityinsider/detail?entry_id=80090. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
- ^ "Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). U.S. Census Bureau. December 22, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-01.csv. Retrieved December 24, 2009.
- ^ a b "E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001–2009, with 2000 Benchmark.". Sacramento, California: State of California, Department of Finance. May 2009. http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-4/2001-09/. Retrieved December 24, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Seismo.berkeley.edu. http://seismo.berkeley.edu/faq/rate_of_seism.html. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "Fruits and Vegetables, America Eats, from Life in the USA: The Complete Guide for Immigrants and Americans". Life in the USA. http://www.lifeintheusa.com/food/vegetables.htm. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
- ^ "Calif. retains economy that would be 8th largest", "Businessweek", December 2, 2010, accessed December 2, 2010
- ^ Putnam, Ruth (1917). "Appendix A: Etymology of the Word "California": Surmises and Usage". In Herbert Ingram Priestley. California: the name. Berkeley: University of California. pp. 356–361. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924008278347.
- ^ Vogeley, Nancy (April 20, 2001). "How Chivalry Formed the Myth of California". Modern Language Quarterly (University of Washington) 62 (2): 165–188. DOI:10.1215/00267929-62-2-165. http://mlq.dukejournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/62/2/165.
- ^ Gudde, Erwin G. and William Bright. 2004. California Place Names: The Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. p.59–60
- ^ Lavender, David (1987). California: Land of New Beginnings. University of Nebraska Press. p. 27. ISBN 0-8032-7924-8. OCLC 15315566.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. June 24, 1957. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=california&searchmode=none. Retrieved July 2, 2010.
- ^ Putnam, 1917, p. 306
- ^ Stewart, George (1945). Names on the Land: A Historical Account of Place-Naming in the United States. New York: Random House. pp. 11–17.
- ^ "2000 Census of Population and Housing" (PDF). US Census Bureau. April 2004. p. 29. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc3-us-pt1.pdf. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ Alice Friedemann. "Lessons for California and the U.S. from movie "How Cuba survived Peak Oil"". Culture Change. http://www.culturechange.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=56&Itemid=32. Retrieved June 30, 2007.
- ^ "California's Water Woes Threaten the Entire Country's Food Supply". alternet.org. June 9, 2009. http://www.alternet.org/water/140487/california's_water_woes_threaten_the_entire_country's_food_supply/. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna; Goldman, George; McKillop, William (2003) (PDF). Forestry, Forest Products, and Forest Products Consumption in California. Davis, California: University of California – Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-60107-248-1. http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu/pdf/8070.pdf.
- ^ "Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea of the Nearctic Realm". digitalcommons.unl.edu (University of Nebraska State: Papers in Entomology). 2003. http://www.iscc.ca.gov/docs/CaliforniaInvasiveSpeciesList.pdf. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ David Elstein (May 2004). "Restoring California's Native Grasses". Agricultural Research magazine 52 (5): 17. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/may04/grass0504.htm. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ "The California Invasive Species List". iscc.ca.gov (California Invasive Species Advisory Committee). April 21, 2010. http://www.iscc.ca.gov/docs/CaliforniaInvasiveSpeciesList.pdf. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "California: flora and fauna". city-data.com. 2010. http://www.city-data.com/states/California-Flora-and-fauna.html. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.". fed.us (U.S. Forest Service). http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_1/sequoia/sempervirens.htm. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ "Life Zones of the Central Sierra Nevada". sierrahistorical.org. http://www.sierrahistorical.org/archives/lifezones.html. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "California Condor". The Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2009. http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/California_Condor/id. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ "CalPhotos: Browse Mammal Common Names". calphotos.berkeley.edu (BSCIT University of California, Berkeley). October 2, 2010. http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/fauna/com-Mammal.html. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ^ "Quail Ridge Reserve: UC Davis Natural Reserve System". nrs.ucdavis.edu (University of California at Davis: Natural Reserve System). April 5, 2007. http://nrs.ucdavis.edu/quail/natural/birds_bushtit.htm. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "Black-tailed Deer of California". westernhunter.com. 2000. http://www.westernhunter.com/Pages/Vol02Issue24/blacktail.html. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ a b "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: Species Reports: Listings and occurrences for California". ecos.fws.gov. September 7, 2010. http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListingAndOccurrenceIndividual.jsp?state=CA&s8fid=112761032792&s8fid=112762573902&s8fid=24012838822503. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "Page 1580 of the 1778 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (second edition)". Hyzercreek.com. July 15, 2011. http://www.hyzercreek.com/britannica.htm. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ "William B. Ide Adobe SHP". California State Parks. http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=458. Retrieved December 25, 2009.
- ^ "California Gold Rush, 1848–1864". Learn California.org, a site designed for the California Secretary of State. http://www.learncalifornia.org/doc.asp?id=118. Retrieved July 22, 2008.
- ^ a b c "INDIANS of CALIFORNIA – American Period". Cabrillo.edu. http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/anth6_americanperiod.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ "California Militia and Expeditions Against the Indians, 1850 – 1859". Militarymuseum.org. http://www.militarymuseum.org/MilitiaandIndians.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ see also Benjamin Madley, American Genocide: The California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873, Yale University Press, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ Gilliam, Albert (1846). Travels Over the Table Lands and Cordilleras of Mexico: During the Years 1843 and 44. Philadelphia: John Moore. http://books.google.com/books?id=VzICAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=PA&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
- ^ Wilson, Dotson; Ebbert, Brian S. (2006) (PDF). California's Legislature (2006 ed.). Sacramento: California State Assembly. OCLC 70700867. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pdf/caleg11.pdf.
- ^ Markoff, John (April 17, 2009). "Searching for Silicon Valley". New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://travel.nytimes.com/2009/04/17/travel/escapes/17Amer.html?pagewanted=1. Retrieved February 26, 2011.
- ^ "1990 Census of Population and Housing, Unit Counts,United States, 1990 CPH-2-1". Population and Housing Unit Counts, Population Estimates 1790–1990, pages 26–27. United States Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. August 20, 1993. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cph2/cph-2-1-1.pdf. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c "California QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau:". US Census Bureau. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06000.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "American Indian Civics Project: Indians of Northern California: A Case Study of Federal, State, and Vigilante Intervention, 1850 – 1860". Americanindiantah.com. http://americanindiantah.com/lesson_plans/ml_indians_in_northern_california.html. Retrieved March 21, 2012.
- ^ a b "Table 4. Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Resident Population Change for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009" (CSV). US Census Bureau. December 22, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2009-04.csv. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas". http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
- ^ "International Database – County Rankings". US Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/idb/ranks.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009" (PDF). World Population Prospects: The 2008 Edition, Highlights. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2009. pp. 31–35. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/pdf/WPP2008_Highlights.pdf. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "About Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services". Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services. December 2005. https://dpss.lacounty.gov/dpss/about_dpss/dpss_overview.cfm. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Barrett, Beth (September 19, 2003). "Baby Slump In L.A. County". Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles Newspaper Group): pp. N4. http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/7215/baby_slump_in_la_county/index.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). "New Arizona law puts police in 'tenuous' spot". Washington Post (Washington, DC): pp. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2010/04/29/GR2010042904397.html?sid=ST2010042905051.
- ^ behind Nevada and Arizona
- ^ a b Michael Gardner (April 19, 2011). "Cutting services to illegal immigrants isn’t easy". San Diego Union Tribune. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/apr/19/cutting-services-to-illegal-immigrants-isn't-easy/. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa and Hector Becerra (April 1, 2010) "Native-born Californians regain majority status." Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "California – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007–2009". American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3309&-redoLog=true&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=04000US06&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ^ a b "California – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US06&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Whites in state 'below the replacement' level". San Francisco Chronicle. June 5, 2010.
- ^ "Whites Now A Minority In California". CBC News. March 30, 2001.
- ^ "Enrollment by Ethnicity for 2011-12: Statewide Enrollment by Ethnicity (with county data)". California Department of Education. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Enrollment/EthnicEnr.aspx?cYear=2011-12&cGender=B&cType=ALL&cChoice=StEnrEth2. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ "Latino kids now majority in state's public schools". San Francisco Chronicle. November 13, 2010
- ^ "United States – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Most spoken languages in California in 2005". Modern Language Association. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=6&county_id=&mode=state_tops&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Table 5. Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000" (PDF). Census 2000. US Census Bureau. February 27, 2003. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Coyote Press. Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 (Map) (1966 ed.). http://www.californiaprehistory.com/tribmap.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ California State Parks. California Indians Root Languages and Tribal Groups (Map) (1994 ed.). http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23545. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Wesson, Herb (July 17, 2001). "AB 800 Assembly Bill – Bill Analysis". California State Assembly. p. 3. http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/asm/ab_0751-0800/ab_800_cfa_20020116_162757_sen_comm.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009. "In 1986, California voters amended the state constitution to provide that the: The [sic] Legislature and officials of the State of California shall take all steps necessary to insure that the role of English as the common language of the State of California is preserved and enhanced. The Legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of California.""
- ^ Hull, Dana (May 20, 2006). "English already is "official" in California". San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, California: MediaNews Group). "English has been the "official" language of California since 1986, when voters passed Proposition 63. You'd barely know it. The Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters prints ballots in English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese and Tagalog. California drivers can take the written license exam in 31 languages, from Amharic, which is spoken in Ethiopia, to Thai. You can view the state's online Megan's Law database of registered sex offenders in Portuguese or Punjabi. [..] Proposition 63, which received 73 percent of the vote in 1986, was largely symbolic, sending a message to immigrants that they should learn to speak English if they expected to live in California. The measure directed the state to "preserve, protect and strengthen the English language," but did not call for any specific action or enforcement. Twenty-six other states have official- English laws on the books."
- ^ "What other languages is the written or audio test available in?//Driver License and Identification (ID) Card Information". California Department of Motor Vehicles. http://www.dmv.ca.gov/dl/dl_info.htm#languages.
- ^ Park, Bborie (December 2003). "A World of Opportunity – Which New Languages Davis Students Would Like to Study and Why" (PDF). UC Davis Student Affairs Research and Information. http://www.sariweb.ucdavis.edu/downloads/311AWorldOfOpportunity.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Religious Affi liation by State in the U.S." (PDF). U.S Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center. p. 103. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ Source: Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, “Jewish Population of the United States, 2006,” in the American Jewish Year Book 2006, Volume 106 [1]
- ^ Helfand, Duke (June 24, 2008). "State has a relaxed view on religion – Survey finds Californians are less certain about the existence of God than others in the U.S.". The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/24/local/me-faith24. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ a b "California – Armed forces". city-data.com. Advameg, Inc.. http://www.city-data.com/states/California-Armed-forces.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Regional Economic Accounts (interactive tables)". Bureau of Economic Analysis. http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/gsp/. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "Country Comparison :: GDP (purchasing power parity)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ Donlon, JP (May 2, 2012). "Another Triumph for Texas: Best/Worst States for Business 2012". Chief Executive Group. accessed May 3, 2012
- ^ "2011 CalFacts". Lao.ca.gov. http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2011/calfacts/calfacts_010511.aspx. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Welch, William (February 20, 2009). "In California's meltdown, misery has long reach". USA Today (Gannett Co). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-02-19-california-hurting_N.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ a b "Trade Statistics". California Chamber of Commerce. http://www.calchamber.com/international/trade/pages/tradestatistics.aspx. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "Cal Facts 2006 State Economy". Legislative Analyst's Office of California. August 6, 2007. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2006/cal_facts/2006_calfacts_econ.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Agricultural Production Statistics 2009–2010". cdfa.ca.gov (California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2010. http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "State Personal Income 2006" (Press release). Bureau of Economic Analysis. March 27, 2007. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Cowan, Tadlock (December 12, 2005). "California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Region in Transition" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. p. 2. http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/links/CRS%20San%20Joaquin%20Valley%20Report.pdf. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Scott, Walter (May 2, 2010). "Personality Parade". Parade Magazine. p. 2.
- ^ "California's Tax System: A Primer". http://www.lao.ca.gov/2007/tax_primer/tax_primer_040907.aspx. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ Equalization California Board of (July 2009). "Publication 71, California City and County Sales and Use Tax Rates, April 1, 2009 Edition" (PDF). http://www.boe.ca.gov/pdf/pub71.pdf. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
- ^ Yi, Matthew (July 2, 2009). "State's budget gap deepens $2 billion overnight". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/01/MNV118HCO8.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Pender, Kathleen (May 9, 2006). "Google's April surprise for state". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/09/MNGSVIO7NG1.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Nunes, Devin (January 10, 2009). "California's Gold Rush Has Been Reversed". The Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company): p. A9. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123154816733469917.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Makes Plea for U.S. Aid". The New York Times. Associated Press (The New York Times Company): p. A21. February 6, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/us/07calif.html. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ Christie, Jim; Linnane, Ciara; Parry, John (June 19, 2009). "Moody's warning on California debt stuns state". Reuters. San Francisco: Thomson Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55I52L20090619. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ "State of California Debt Clock"
- ^ "California at Budget Impasse as State Nears Insolvency". Fox News Channel (News Corp.). February 15, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/15/california-budget-impasse-state-nears-insolvency. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "California's time is running out". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-12. June 4, 2009. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/03/ED3T180828.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California's Greek Tragedy". The Wall Street Journal. March 13, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304537904577277242682364690.html.
- ^ Mufson, Steven (February 17, 2007). "In Energy Conservation, Calif. Sees Light". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/16/AR2007021602274.html. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ "California – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. October 20, 2011. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CA. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ California OKs new transmission for renewables Reuters, December 17, 2009.
- ^ Doyle, Jim (March 9, 2009). "Nuclear power industry sees opening for revival". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/08/MN3H16ANEN.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Brunswick, Mark (April 30, 2009). "Minnesota House says no to new nuclear power plants". Star Tribune (Minnesota: Chris Harte). http://www.startribune.com/politics/44101672.html?source=error. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Mieszkowski, Katharine (September 2, 2010). "California Is Tops in Worst Roads – Pulse of the Bay". The Bay Citizen. http://www.baycitizen.org/blogs/pulse-of-the-bay/read-while-you-are-waiting-traffic-clear. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "A bridge too far gone". The Economist. August 9, 2007. http://www.economist.com/node/9621456.
- ^ http://reason.org/files/19th_annual_highway_report.pdf
- ^ "The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge Facts at a glance". California Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/SFOBB/Sfobbfacts.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Pool, Bob (June 25, 2010). "Pasadena Freeway getting a new look and a new name". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/25/local/la-me-parkway-20100625. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "L.A.'s Famous Four-Level Freeway Interchange, 'The Stack,' Turns 58". KCET. September 22, 2011. http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/navigating-the-stack-the-four-level-turns-58.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ http://dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/official.pdf
- ^ "California new-car sales up 13.1 percent in 2010". San Jose Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/business/ci_17197542. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Cabanatuan, Michael (January 8, 2011). "Calif. Amtrak ridership rising on state trains". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/01/05/BAMU1GU16Q.DTL.
- ^ Cabanatuan, Michael (August 17, 2010). "Plan for high-speed rail system released". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/11/08/BAV6140IK5.DTL.
- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for An Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populous.
- ^ "California Codes, Civil Code Section 22-22.2". California Civil Codes. Legislative Counsel of the State of California. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate?WAISdocID=81815814163+15+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Sarhaddi Nelson, Soraya (February 21, 2006). "Morales execution on hold indefinitely". Orange County Register (Freedom Communications). http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/news/homepage/article_1008434.php. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Thompson, Don (December 8, 2007). "Calif. Struggles with sentencing reform". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-08-2244622424_x.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Is A Political Trendsetter". CBS News. October 30, 2006. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/30/eveningnews/main2138297.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- ^ "Study Ranks America's Most Liberal and Conservative Cities". Bay Area Center for Voting Research. August 16, 2005. http://govpro.com/content/gov_imp_31439/index.html. Retrieved February 20. 2011.
- ^ a b "CA Codes (gov:34500-34504)". California State Senate. http://info.sen.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=34001-35000&file=34500-34504. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "Instant City: Sacramento". California State Library. http://www.library.ca.gov/goldrush/sec08.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "San Jose at a Glance". City of San Jose. http://www.sanjoseca.gov/about.asp. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "A History of San Diego Government". City of San Diego. http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/geninfo/history.shtml. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California State Parks: 1846 to 1854". California State Parks. May 23, 2007. http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1096. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "Jurupa Valley Becomes California’s 482nd City". League of California Cities. March 11, 2011. http://newsletter.cacities.org/e_article002045084.cfm. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Stokley, Sandra (June 14, 2011). "JURUPA VALLEY: Rushing to meet a July 1 incorporation". The Press-Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/riverside/stories/PE_News_Local_D_wcode15.40e71cc.html. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ "Proposition 98 Primer". Legislative Analyst's Office of California. February 2005. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2005/prop_98_primer/prop_98_primer_020805.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Comparison". Education Data Partnership. http://www.ed-data.k12.ca.us/Articles/article.asp?title=California%20comparison. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Marshall, Carolyn (March 16, 2007). "Report Says Public Schools in California Are ‘Broken’ – New York Times". The New York Times (California). http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/16/education/16schools.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1313692806-wLcsPvmsQ7+YfX++w1H+lQ. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
- ^ "CSU Facts 2008". California State University Office of Public Affairs. January 21, 2009. http://www.calstate.edu/PA/2008Facts/. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
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Further reading[link]
- Chartkoff, Joseph L.; Chartkoff, Kerry Kona (1984). The archaeology of California. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1157-7. OCLC 11351549.
- Fagan, Brian (2003). Before California: An archaeologist looks at our earliest inhabitants. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-2794-8. OCLC 226025645.
- Hart, James D. (1978). A Companion to California. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502400-1.
- Moratto, Michael J.; Fredrickson, David A. (1984). California archaeology. Orlando: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-506182-X. OCLC 228668979.
External links[link]
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- State of California
- California State Guide, from the Library of Congress
Geographic data related to California at OpenStreetMap- California travel guide from Wikitravel
- California at the Open Directory Project
- 1973 documentary featuring aerial views of the California coastline from Mt. Shasta to Los Angeles
- Time-Lapse Tilt-Shift Portrait of California by Ryan and Sheri Killackey
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| Preceded by Wisconsin |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on September 9, 1850 (31st) |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Daniil Trifonov (Russian: Даниил Трифонов, born March 5, 1991 in Nizhny Novgorod) is a Russian concert pianist.
Biography[link]
Trifonov is a top prize winner of several major international piano competitions, including the International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw, and the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow. At the age of 21, he is quickly emerging as one of the most outstanding pianists of his generation, having the potential to build a major international performing career.
At 17, he won Fifth Prize at the 4th International Scriabin Competition in Moscow, and the first prize at the 3rd International Piano Competition of San Marino,where he also received the Special Prize for the best performance of Chick Corea’s composition.[1]
In 2010, Trifonov became a medalist of the distinguished XVI International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw, where he won Third Prize and the Special Prize of Polish Radio for the best mazurkas performance.[2]
In 2011, Trifonov won the First Prize at the 13th Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition in Tel-Aviv, winning also the Pnina Salzman Prize for the Best Performer of a Chopin piece, the Prize for the Best Performer of Chamber Music and the Audience Favorite Prize .[3]
A few weeks after winning the Rubinstein Competition, Trifonov was awarded the First Prize, Gold Medal, and Grand Prix at the XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow. Trifonov also won the Audience Award and the Award for the Best Performance of a Chamber Concerto. [4]
He recently completed studies at the Gnessin Special School of Music in the class of Tatiana Zelikman, and is currently a student of Sergei Babayan at the Cleveland Institute of Music.
Other scholarships and awards received include the Yuri Rozum International Charity Foundation Scholarship, the Scriabin Scholarship, the “New Names” Scholarship, the “Young Talents of Russia” Foundation Scholarship and the Guzik Foundation Award.
Trifonov has performed around the world, including Austria, Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the USA.
Orchestras with which he has performed include the Mariinsky Theatre Orchestra, Russian National Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Vienna Philharmonic, Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra, Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi, Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, Israel Camerata Orchestra, Israel Sinfonietta Beersheva, Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Sinfonia Varsovia, Poznan Philharmonic Orchestra, Sinfonietta de Lausanne, Republic of San Marino Symphony Orchestra, Moscow Chamber Orchestra, Siberian Symphony Orchestra, Nizhniy Novgorod Philharmonic Orchestra, Yaroslavl Philharmonic Orchestra, and the “Musica Viva” Chamber Orchestra.
Trifonov has also participated in numerous music festivals, including Rheingau Musik Festival (Germany), Easter Festival, Crescendo (Russia), Arpeggione (Austria), Musica in Villa (Italy), Dame Myra Hess Series (USA), the Round Top Festival Institute (USA), International Keyboard Institute & Festival (USA), Santo Stefano (Italy), Rimini Meeting (Italy), Brighton Festival (UK), Wiener Festwochen (Vienna Festival, Austria), and “Trio di Trieste” Piano Festival (Italy), International Music Festival “Chopin and his Europe” (Poland), International Chopin Piano Festival in Duszniki Zdroj (Poland).
Trifonov played his Carnegie Hall debut in May 2009, and has also performed at other prestigious concert venues like the Auditorium di Milano (Milan, Italy),Teatro la Fenice (Venice, Italy), Warsaw Philharmonic Hall, Barbican Hall and Wigmore Hall (London, UK), as well as the Rathausplatz in Vienna's Town Hall Square,[5] where he was awarded Third Prize representing Russia in the Eurovision Young Musicians Competition 2010. In addition to developing an important performing career, Daniil Trifonov is also active as a composer of piano, chamber and orchestral music.
His first CD[6] was released on Decca in 2011, featuring a selection of Chopin solo piano works. He has also made a number of television recordings in Russia, Poland, Japan, the USA and Italy.
Martha Argerich about Daniil Trifonov (Financial Times): “Last night I listened to him again on YouTube – he has everything and more. What he does with his hands is technically incredible. It’s also his touch – he has tenderness and also the demonic element. I never heard anything like that.”[7]
References[link]
- ^ "Results of the 3rd International Piano Competition of San Marino". http://www.allegrovivo.org/focus_eng/default.asp?id=1086.
- ^ "Results of the XVI International Chopin Piano Competition". http://konkurs.chopin.pl/en/edition/xvi/verdicts/1978_results_of_the_competition.
- ^ "Results of the XIII Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Master Competition". http://www.arims.org.il/competition2011/pages/english/prizes.php.
- ^ "Final Results of the XIV International Tchaikovsky Competition". http://www.tchaikovsky-competition.com/en/2011/piano/Final-Results.
- ^ "Eurovision Young Musicians - Final". http://www.youngmusicians.tv/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=11&Itemid=10.
- ^ "TRIFONOV PLAYS CHOPIN - Decca - Universal Music". http://www.universalmusic.it/classica/artista/discografia/?ida=613672.
- ^ "Strains of mood music - Martha Argerich interview – Financial Times". http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/9370c7e4-a31f-11e0-a9a4-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1ZWaDG200.
External links[link]
- Facebook Fan Page
- Official website(English)
- Official blog(English)
- Official website (Russian)
- Artist detail - Studiomusica
- Artist detail - Opus3 Artists
- Artist detail - Intermusica
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Trifonov, Daniil |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 5 March 1991 |
| Place of birth | Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Daniil_Trifonov
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Трифонов, Даниил Олегович
http://fr.wn.com/Daniil Trifonov
http://it.wn.com/Daniil Trifonov
http://pl.wn.com/Daniił Trifonow
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniil_Trifonov
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
