Orinoco

Tuesday, 01 January 2013

Enya - Orinoco Flow (Official HD Music Video)

Orinoco Flow (Sail Away) - Enya (with lyrics)

Celtic Woman - A New Journey - Orinoco Flow

Die Antwoord vs Enya - ORINOCO NINJA FLOW (SAIL-AWAY MOTHERFUCKER REMIX)

Open Collage in a new Window

Email the Collage

Loading suggestions ...

Arauca River
The Arauca River (Spanish: Río Arauca) rises in the Andes Mountains of north-central Colombia and ends at the Orinoco in Venezuela. For part of its run it is the boundary between Colombia and Venezuela. The major city on its banks is Arauca, Colombia.
The Arauca is typical of the rivers that flow east across the Llanos Orientales starting as a swift mountain stream and becoming wider and slower as it crosses the plains. It starts high in the Andes, in the Páramo del Almorzadero at over 4,000 meters above sea level. Initially it is called the Chitagá, it receives inflows from the Carabo and the Cacota, and then twists its course towards the east joining with the Culaga and the Bochaga. At which point its name changes to the Margua. The Negro, the Colorado and the San Lorenzo then flow into it. From the right bank come the Cubugón and the Cobar from the Sierra Nevada de Chita. In this stretch the Tunebo Indians call the river the Sarare. Now flowing across a flat zone, it divides to form the Charo Island. Serving as the demarcation line between Colombia and Venezuela for 296 kilometers of border, on the right side the rivers Royata, Bojabá and Banadía flow in, whereas on the left the Cutufí river enters. From this point it takes the name Arauca in tribute to the Araucana tribe who inhabited the mountain ranges of the upper course and belonged to the great Arawak family. Now in the savannas of the Llanos Orientales it often becomes a braided river with the main course splitting to form the subsidiary channels, such as the one called Agua Limón. Various subsidiary channels are extensively used for transportation from the town of Arauca down to its mouth on the Orinoco. The course of the river is 80 percent navigable in small boats.

wn.com/Arauca_River
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.

wn.com/Atlantic_Ocean
Brazil
Brazil ⁱ/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.

wn.com/Brazil
Caroní River
The Caroni River is the second most important river of Venezuela, the second in flow, and one of the longest, 952 km from the Tepui Kuquenan, where she originates with the same name Kuquenan, up to its confluence with the River Orinoco to which basin she belongs. She gets the name "Caroni" starting from the confluence of the Kuquenan with the Yuruani, at 182 km from the source of the Kuquenan and 770 km from her discharge in the Orinoco. The meeting takes place in the south of Venezuela, in the Bolivar State, being the most important tributary of the Orinoco, mostly because of her high discharge rate. The higher basin of the Caroni is situated in the Gran Sabana (Canaima National Park) close to the border with Brazil.
The Caroni is one of the rivers with the highest discharge rates in the world, with respect to the area of her basin. Her average discharge is 4.850 m3/s, with variations caused by the wet/dry seasons. Her average maximum discharge is 6.260m3/s and the average minimum is 3.570 m3/s. Among the historic extremes are 17.576 m3/s. The Caroni supplies 15,5% of the discharge of the Orinoco river. One of the characteristics of her water is the dark color, caused by the high amount of humic acids due to the incomplete decomposition of the phenol content of the vegetation. The Caroni therefore belongs to the blackwater rivers, as does the Negro River, or Rio Negro in Brazil.

wn.com/Caroní_River
Casiquiare canal
The Casiquiare river is a distributary of the upper Orinoco flowing southward into the Rio Negro, in Venezuela, South America. As such, it forms a unique natural canal between the Orinoco and Amazon river systems. It is the largest river on the planet that links two major river systems, a so-called bifurcation. The area forms a water divide, more dramatically at regional flood stage. Another river that links two river basins is the Echimamish River in Canada.
In 1744 a Jesuit priest named Father Roman, while ascending the Orinoco River, met some Portuguese slave-traders from the settlements on the Rio Negro. He accompanied them on their return, by way of the Casiquiare canal, and afterwards retraced his route to the Orinoco. Charles Marie de La Condamine, seven months later, was able to give to the Académie française an account of Father Roman's voyage, and thus confirm the existence of this waterway, first reported by Father Acuña in 1639.
But little credence was given to Father Roman's statement until it was verified, in 1756, by the Spanish Boundary-line Commission of Yturriaga and Solano. In 1800 German scientist Alexander von Humboldt and French botanist Aimé Bonpland explored the river. During a 1924–25 expedition, Alexander H. Rice, Jr. of Harvard University traveled up the Orinoco, traversed the Casiquiare canal, and descended the Rio Negro to the Amazon at Manaus. It was the first expedition to use aerial photography and shortwave radio for mapping of the region. In 1968 the Casiquiare was navigated by an SRN6 hovercraft during a National Geographic expedition.

wn.com/Casiquiare_canal
Ciudad Bolívar
Ciudad Bolívar (Spanish pronunciation: [sjuˈðað βoˈliβar]) (English: Bolivar City) is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolivar State. It was founded with the name Angostura in 1764, renamed in 1846, and, as of 2010, had an estimated population of 350,691.^{[citation needed]}
The town's original name was a contraction of its full descriptive name, Santo Tomé de Guayana de Angostura del Orinoco (Saint Thomas of Guiana of the narrows of the Orinoco). The town also gave its name to the Angostura tree (Cusparia febrifuga) which grows in the area. Angostura bitters were invented there,^{[citation needed]} though the company which produced them has since moved to Trinidad and Tobago. Ciudad Bolívar's historic center is well preserved, with original colonial buildings around the Plaza Bolívar, including a cathedral.
Ciudad Bolívar lies at a spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about 1 mile (1.6 km) in width, and is the site of the first bridge across the river. It serves as an important port on the Orinoco River for the eastern regions of Venezuela. One of the Orinoco Basin's chief commercial centers, its main products include gold, iron ore, cattle, hides and rare woods.

wn.com/Ciudad_Bolívar
Ciudad Guayana
Guayana City, in Spanish Ciudad Guayana, is a city in Bolívar State, Venezuela. It lies south of the Orinoco, where the river is joined by the Caroní River. The city, officially founded in 1961, is actually composed of the old town of San Félix at the east and the new town of Puerto Ordaz at the west, which lie either banks of the Caroní and are connected by three bridges. The city stretches 40 kilometers along the south bank of the Orinoco. With approximately one million people, it is a large city by Venezuelan standards. It is also the country's fastest-growing city,^{[citation needed]} due to its important iron industry.
It is one of Venezuela's five most important ports, since most goods produced in Bolívar are shipped through it into the Atlantic Ocean, via the Orinoco river. Ciudad Guayana is also the location of the Second Orinoco crossing.
It is served by Manuel Carlos Piar Guayana Airport.
Since its foundation it has grown from two fledgling towns into the Guayana region's most important industrial center, and a hub of growth in an otherwise typically underpopulated region of Venezuela.

wn.com/Ciudad_Guayana
Colombia
Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.

wn.com/Colombia
Delta Amacuro
Delta Amacuro State (Spanish: Estado Delta Amacuro, IPA: [esˈtaðo ˈðelta amaˈkuɾo]) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, and is the location of the Orinoco Delta. The Paria Gulf and the Atlantic Ocean are found to the north, Bolívar State is found to the south, the Atlantic Ocean and Guyana are found to the east, and Monagas State is found to the west. The state capital city is Tucupita.
Delta Amacuro State covers a total surface area of 40,200 km² and, in 2007, had an estimated population of 152,700.
Child malnutrition has reached a level of 30 percent of the population under age five, according to United Nations statistics; this is the fraction of the child population classified as stunted or wasted.
The Warao people have lived in this region since well before the Europeans arrived in America. Thanks to the remoteness of the Delta, the Warao managed to keep a certain independence from the European and later criollo colonizers.
Columbus arrived at the coast off the Delta on 1 August 1498 during his third voyage to America. He wrote about the macareo, the noise that occurs when a large river flow (the Orinoco river) meets the ocean currents.

wn.com/Delta_Amacuro
Guaviare River
The Guaviare is a tributary of the Orinoco located in Colombia.
The Guaviare has its source in two other rivers, the Ariari and the Guayabero, which in turn have their own sources in the eastern part of the Andes. At 1,497 km (930 mi) long, it is the longest river on the Orinoco and is navigable for 630 km (390 mi) of its total length. The Guaviare is considered the border between the Llanos and the Amazon Rainforest. Its main tributary is the Inírida River.
Coordinates: 4°02′34″N 67°42′41″W / 4.0427°N 67.7115°W / 4.0427; -67.7115

wn.com/Guaviare_River
Guiana Shield
The Guiana Shield is one of the three cratons of the South American Plate. It is a 1.7 billion year old Precambrian geological formation in northeast South America that forms a portion of the northern coast. The higher elevations on the shield are called the Guiana Highlands, which is where the impressive and mysterious table-like mountains called tepuis are found. The Guiana Highlands are also the source of some of the world's most spectacular waterfalls such as Angel Falls, Kaieteur Falls and Kuquenan Falls.
The Guiana Shield underlies Guyana (previously British Guiana), Suriname (previously Dutch Guiana) and French Guiana (or Guyane), as well as parts of Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. The rocks of the Guiana Shield consist of metasediments and metavolcanics (greenstones) overlain by quasi-horizontal layers of sandstones, quartzites, shales and conglomerates intruded by sills of younger mafic intrusives such as gabbros.
There are three upland areas of the Guiana Shield:
The north-central part of the Guiana Highlands is dominated by high flat-topped peaks called tepuis, of the Roraima supergroup and Quasi-Roraima formation, and the rounded granite peaks of the Parguaza and Imataca complexes to the north and southwestern edges of the area. The highest point in the shield is Pico da Neblina in Brazil (next to the Venezuelan border) at 2,994 m (9,822 ft). Pico da Neblina is the highest summit of the larger Neblina massif, a highly eroded sandstone plateau that straddles de Venezuelan-Brasil border and that has lost the typical tabletop shape of the other tepuis in the region.

wn.com/Guiana_Shield
Guárico River
Guárico River is a river in Venezuela.
Coordinates: 7°52′52″N 67°25′43″W / 7.88111°N 67.42861°W / 7.88111; -67.42861

wn.com/Guárico_River
Inírida River
Inírida River is a river of Colombia. It is part of the Orinoco River basin.
Coordinates: 3°54′30″N 67°55′00″W / 3.90833°N 67.9166667°W / 3.90833; -67.9166667

wn.com/Inírida_River
Meta River
The Meta River is formed in the Meta Department, Colombia by the confluence of the Humea, Guatiquía and Guayuriba rivers. It flows east-northeastward across the Llanos Orientales plains of Colombia through an ancient fault. The Meta forms the northern boundary of Vichada Department, first with Casanare Department, then with Arauca Department, and finally with Venezuela, down to Puerto Carreño where it flows into the Orinoco.
The Meta river is 804 kilometres (500 mi) long and its drainage basin is 93,800 square kilometres (36,200 sq mi). The Meta divides the Colombian llanos in two different realms: the western portion on the left is more humid, receives the relatively nutrient-rich sediments from the Andean mountain range and therefore soils and tributaries are also nutrient-rich, while the eastern portion, high plain or altillanura, drains not to the Meta river but to the Orinoco, has a longer dry season and soils and surface waters are oligotrophic (nutrient poor).
The major tributaries of the Meta are the Cravo Sur, the Casanare, the Cusiana, the Upía and the Manacacías.

wn.com/Meta_River
Orinoco delta
The Orinoco Delta is a vast river delta of the Orinoco River, located in eastern Venezuela.
The Orinoco Delta is fan-shaped, formed by the Orinoco River as it splits into numerous distributaries, called caños, which meander through the delta on their way to the sea. The main distributary is called the Rio Grande, which empties south-southeast through the southern portion of the delta, and the second major distributary is Caño Manamo, which runs northward along the western edge of the delta.
The delta includes large areas of permanent wetlands as well as seasonally-flooded freshwater swamp forests. The river margins of the delta are fringed with mangroves. Also, daily tides bring upstream – the "caños" – sea water which is responsible for the "macareo" or pororoca and also for inversion of flow direction of water, at least, on its surface.
The Orinoco Delta is characterized by being non-centric, lagoon lacking, and oceanic, somewhat similar to the delta of the Niger River. It is divided into two sections: the principal, at the northernmost part of the system, located between Caño Manamo and the left shore of Caño Araguao, where the majority of villages are established, including the state capital, Tucupita; and the secondary, between the right shore of Caño Araguao and Río Grande.

wn.com/Orinoco_delta
Pitch Lake
The Pitch Lake is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world, located at La Brea in southwest Trinidad, within the Siparia Regional Corporation. The lake covers about 40 ha and is reported to be 75 m deep.^{[citation needed]}
Pitch Lake is a tourist attraction that attracts about 20,000 visitors annually. It is also mined for asphalt by Lake Asphalt of Trinidad and Tobago.
Pitch Lake has fascinated explorers and scientists, as well as attracting tourists, since its discovery by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1595. Raleigh himself found immediate use for the asphalt to caulk his ship. Exported asphalt from Pitch Lake was also used to pave the streets of some regions of New York City. Since its re-discovery, there have been numerous research investigations into the use and chemical composition of this material. Above all, there have been countless theories, postulations, and conclusions as to the size, source, and origin of the asphalt.
Evidence of an active microbiological ecosystem have been reported. Archaeal and bacterial community co-exists with novel species being discovered from Pitch Lake samples. Besides this, novel fungal life forms are described which can grow on the available asphaltenes as a sole carbon and energy source.

wn.com/Pitch_Lake
Puerto Ayacucho
Puerto Ayacucho (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpweɾto aʝaˈkutʃo]) is the capital and largest city of Amazonas State in Venezuela. Puerto Ayacucho is located across the Orinoco River from the Colombian village of Casuarito.
The city was founded to facilitate the transport of goods past the Atures Rapids on the Orinoco River in the late 19th century (mostly rubber). Now the economy is supported by both national and international tourism. Also based here is the Venezuelan army and navy, conducting a continuous low level campaign against incursions and drug-runners from nearby Colombia. The climate is equatorial and the surrounding rainforests are some of the worlds least explored and most untouched. The nearby forested mountains (Tepuis) contain some of the worlds least investigated micro systems.
200 km to the south is one of the natural world's great wonders, the Casiquiare canal, a waterway that links South America's two greatest river systems, the Amazon and the Orinoco. This was first reported in the 17th century and explored in 1800 by naturalist Alexander von Humboldt, who commented on the recent extinction of the Aturès Indians for whom the Atures Rapids had been named. The water in the Casiquiare flows from the Orinoco River into the Rio Negro, tributary of the Amazon, though much more is gathered en route from numerous tributaries. Nowadays tourists can organise a trip along it from Puerto Ayacucho.

wn.com/Puerto_Ayacucho
Puerto Carreño
Puerto Carreño is the departmental capital, and a municipality, of the department of Vichada in the llanos of Colombia.
In 1913 the Colombian government created the province (comisaria) of Vichada and it was decided that its capital should be at the convergence of the Orinoco and Meta rivers where there was a small village known locally as El Picacho. In 1934 the town was renamed after Pedro Maria Carreño, the Colombian Minister of External Relations from 1912 to 1913. The "municipio" (similar to county in the U.S.) was created in 1974. On July 5, 1991, Vichada's status was updated to "departamento" under the Colombian Constitution and Puerto Carreño was ratified as its capital.
The DANE (Colombian government's bureau for statistics) projected Puerto Carreño's municipal population to be around 10,034 for 2005, based on the 1993 Census. There are some Indigenous tribes within Puerto Carreño's administrative zone as well.
The municipality of Puerto Carreño is located on the extreme northeastern part of the Department of Vichada bordering to the north and east with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela using the Meta and Orinoco rivers as borders. To the south Puerto Carreño limits with the municipality of Cumaribo and to the west with the municipality of La Primavera.

wn.com/Puerto_Carreño
Santa Ana de Coro
Coro (also known as Santa Ana de Coro, Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsanta ˈana ðe ˈkoɾo]) is the capital of Falcón State and the oldest city in the west of Venezuela. It was founded on July 26, 1527 by Juan de Ampíes. It is established at the south of the Paraguaná Peninsula in a coastal plain, flanked by the Médanos de Coro National Park to the north and the sierra de Coro to the south, at a few kilometers from its port (La Vela de Coro) in the Caribbean Sea at a point equidistant between the Ensenada de La Vela and Golfete de Coro.
It has a wide cultural tradition that comes from being the urban settlement founded by the Spanish conquerors who colonized the interior of the continent. It was the first capital of the Venezuela Province and head of the first bishop founded in South America in 1531. The precursor movement of the independence and of vindication of the dominated classes in Venezuela originated in this region; it is also considered to be the cradle of the Venezuelan federalist movement in the Republican era.

wn.com/Santa_Ana_de_Coro
Venezuela
Venezuela (ⁱ/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

wn.com/Venezuela

Ambrosius Ehinger
Ambrosius Ehinger, also (Ambrosio Alfínger in Spanish) Dalfinger, Thalfinger, (ca. 1500 in Thalfingen near Ulm, Bavaria – 31 May 1533 near Chinácota Colombia) was a German conquistador and the first governor of the Welser concession, also known as “Little Venice” (Klein-Venedig), in New Granada, now Venezuela and Colombia.
Ehinger was a factor in Madrid for the Welser banking family when they began planning for the colonization of New Granada. The Welsers appointed him as the first governor, and sent as his deputy the Spaniard Luis González de Leyva. They arrived in Coro in 1529 with 281 colonists and called the new colony “Little Venice” (Klein-Venedig). Almost immediately Ehinger replaced González de Leyva with Nicolaus Federmann.
In August 1529 Ehinger made his first expedition to Lake Maracaibo which was bitterly opposed by the indigenous people, the Coquibacao. After winning a series of bloody battles, he founded the settlement at Maracaibo on September 8, 1529. Ehinger named the city Neu Nürnberg (New Nuremberg) and the lake after the valiant chieftain of the Coquibacao, who had died in the fighting. The city was renamed Maracaibo after the Spanish took possession.

wn.com/Ambrosius_Ehinger
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an explorer, colonizer, and navigator, born in the Republic of Genoa, in what is today northwestern Italy. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led to general European awareness of the American continents. Those voyages, and his efforts to establish permanent settlements in the island of Hispaniola, initiated the process of Spanish colonization, which foreshadowed the general European colonization of what became known as the "New World".
In the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establishment of trade routes and colonies, Columbus's speculative proposal to reach the East Indies by sailing westward received the support of the Spanish crown, which saw in it a promise, however remote, of gaining the upper hand over rival powers in the contest for the lucrative spice trade with Asia. During his first voyage in 1492, instead of reaching Japan as he had intended, Columbus landed in the Bahamas archipelago, at a locale he named San Salvador. Over the course of three more voyages, Columbus visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast of Venezuela and Central America, claiming them for the Spanish Empire.

wn.com/Christopher_Columbus
Diego de Ordaz
Diego de Ordaz (also Diego de Ordás), born in Castroverde de Campos, Zamora province, Spain, in 1480, died in Venezuela in 1532, was a Spanish explorer and soldier.
Diego de Ordaz arrived in Cuba at a young age. Serving under the orders of Diego de Velázquez, he participated in the earliest exploratory expeditions to Colombia And Panamá.
De Ordaz accompanied Hernán Cortés on his expedition of conquest to the Mexican mainland. He was recognized for his contribution to the victory over the Aztecs obtained at the Battle of Centla near Río Grijalva in Tabasco on March 25, 1519.
Together with two comrades, he was the first European to climb to the top of the volcano Popocatépetl - a feat which made a great impression on the indigenous allies accompanying Cortės. In recognition of De Ordaz's military deeds, the emperor Charles V on October 22, 1525 issued a decree permitting him to use a coat-of-arms featuring a view of the volcano.
De Ordaz participated in the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital. When prior to the final conquest, the Spaniards were forced to flee from the capital in a nocturnal action known as La Noche Triste ("the sad night"), De Ordaz was wounded.

wn.com/Diego_de_Ordaz

Enya - Orinoco Flow (Official HD Music Video)

published: 01 Feb 2012

author: Jackie Cane

Enya.. Orinoco Flow..

A lovely song by Enya one of her first songs......

published: 21 Dec 2007

author: hippylove28

Enya - Orinoco Flow (video)

published: 27 Oct 2009

author: warnerbrosrecords

Orinoco Flow (Sail Away) - Enya (with lyrics)

This is my favorite of Enya's songs, Orinoco Flow. I recently saw a video just like this o...

published: 29 Dec 2009

author: pinkpumpkinn

Celtic Woman - A New Journey - Orinoco Flow

Purchase Info and Tour Dates: www.celticwoman.com Celtic Woman - A New Journey: Live at Sl...

published: 12 May 2007

author: CelticLadies

Celtic Woman - Orinoco Flow

Purchase Info and Tour Dates: www.celticwoman.com Celtic Woman 2005 Song: Orinoco Flow Sin...

published: 25 May 2007

author: CelticLadies

ORINOCO FLOW with lyrics -Enya

....

published: 20 May 2009

author: walamagz2

Libera Orinoco Flow

Libera make a guest appearance on The Last Choir Standing programme, and sing "Orinoco Flo...

published: 27 Jul 2008

author: skypilot87uk

Enya - Sail Away(Orinoco Flow)

boy i love this song its a relaxing song man its a good one...

published: 22 Jan 2009

author: thomashuggins

Enya-Orinoco Flow( performing)

Japan Happy Xmas Show (NTV) 23/12/2008...

published: 21 Jul 2009

author: dreams1848

Enya - Orinoco Flow (Official Video)

Diretamente do DVD - The Video Collection...

published: 06 Jun 2010

author: 13somber

Die Antwoord vs Enya - ORINOCO NINJA FLOW (SAIL-AWAY MOTHERFUCKER REMIX)

Wedding DJ's Remix. Listen Up...

published: 16 Feb 2010

author: DocGraham911

Riesenwelse am Orinoco

Tief im Süden Venezuelas, in den menschenleeren Gebieten am oberen Orinoco, haben große Ra...

published: 28 Feb 2011

author: aquamediaTV

Rincon Morales - Orinoco

Orinoco con Pablito Grey -verso I- Un paraiso vegetal lo enmarca todo frutas maduras parec...

published: 26 Dec 2008

author: Gaitaszulianas

<li class="playlistitemli thumbnail border_color">
        <div class="video_facebook">
            <a href="http://web.archive.org./web/20130101110709/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http://wn.com/orinoco&t=<%= title %>" title="Share this video" data-title="Share this video" target="_blank" style="target-name: new; target-new: tab;"></a>
        </div>

photo: AP / New York City Police Department

In this image provided by the New York City Police Department, a composite sketch showing the woman believed to have pushed a man to his death in front of a subway train on Thursday, Dec. 27, 2012 is shown.

US woman charged with hate crime in subway death

Taipei Times

30 Dec 2012

A woman who told police she shoved a man to his death off a subway platform because she has hated Muslims since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on the US and thought he was one was charged on Saturday with murder as a hate crime, prosecutors said ... Menendez, 31, was awaiting arraignment on the charge on Saturday evening, Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said. She faces 25 years to life in prison if convicted ... On Dec ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

photo: AP / Altaf Qadri

Indian anti-riot personnel stand guard at a check point after security was beefed up following the death of a young woman who was recently gang-raped in a moving bus in New Delhi, India, Saturday, Dec. 29, 2012.

India appeal for calm after Delhi gang-rape victim dies

BBC News

29 Dec 2012

Police in India have sealed off much of the capital, Delhi, and issued an appeal for calm after the death of a woman who was gang-raped in the city. The 23-year old woman, who has not been identified, died early on Saturday at a hospital in Singapore, where she had been taken for specialist treatment. Her body is to be flown back to India for burial ... Gatherings of more than five people have been banned in the city centre ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)

photo: AP / Shaam News Network

In this image taken from video obtained from the Shaam News Network, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, smoke rises from buildings from heavy shelling in Homs, Syria, on Thursday, Dec. 27, 2012.

Syria risks becoming ‘new Somalia’: UN envoy

Zeenews

30 Dec 2012

London. UN-Arab League envoy to Damascus, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said that a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Syria seemed far away, adding that the country risked being slithering into ‘hell’ ... (ANI). For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest. First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: WN / Bhaskar Mallick

India Bright Moon on the City Sky in Kolkata on Monday 03 July 2012 in Eastern India City

A science news preview of 2013

BBC News

30 Dec 2012

Comet Ison is likely to light up the skies in 2013. David Shukman, science editor, BBC News Continue reading the main story Related Stories. A science news preview of 2012. As the Philippines, New Jersey and Britain count the cost of ferocious flooding, expect another year in which extreme weather exacts a human toll. Partly this is because more and more of us live in harm's way on coasts and flood plains ... ....(size: 9.2Kb)

photo: AP / Arshad Butt

Security men gather at the site of a suicide bombing in Quetta, Pakistan, Sunday, Dec. 30, 2012.

Car bombing leaves at least 19 dead, 25 injured in Pakistan

The Los Angeles Times

30 Dec 2012

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan – At least 19 people were killed by a car bomb in Pakistan on Sunday, the latest in a pattern of escalating attacks by militants in recent weeks. An explosives-laden car was detonated next to a convoy of three buses carrying Shiite Muslim pilgrims from Pakistan’s western Baluchistan province to Iran. The blast also injured 25 people ... “The other two buses were partially damaged.” ... ALSO. ... 0 ... ... . ... ....(size: 29.9Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

Brazil: Structural changes on the way

IMC

20 Dec 2012

Brazil ... Dilma Rousseff, besides having vast resources intended for new railways and highways, studies in partnership with Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay, the construction of the waterway north-south or Caribbean-River Plate, which requires only modest interventions in Casiquiare and Guaporé rivers, to make connections of the basins of the Orinoco and the Amazon, and of this with the Plate river basin ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)

Northrop Grumman Deploys Proxim Broadband Radios for U.S. Air Force Digital Wireless System

Stockhouse

20 Dec 2012

http.//media.marketwire.com/attachments/201007/9656_ProximLogo.gifhttp.//at.marketwire.com/accesstracking/AccessTrackingLogServlet?PrId=967506&ProfileId=051205&sourceType=1 ... About Proxim Wireless ... Our ORiNOCO® and Tsunami® product lines are sold to service providers, governments and enterprises with over 2 million devices shipped to 250,000+ customers in more than 65 countries worldwide ... Safe Harbor Statement ... David L ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)

Possible Chavez demise seen having minimal impact on PDVSA

Reuters

19 Dec 2012

The likelihood is that things continue much as they are including joint ventures with Chevron and Spain's Repsol in the Orinoco extra heavy crude belt adding a small amount to the country's current production of around 3 million barrels per day (bpd) ... "These Orinoco belt projects can work under different political circumstances ... in the Orinoco belt....(size: 5.7Kb)

Chavez 'stable' after post-op scare

Belfast Telegraph

19 Dec 2012

Venezuela's president Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba and must have "complete rest" for the next few days, the government said ... "It has been controlled," Mr Villegas said ... Concluding the statement, he said. "Long live Chavez!" ... His elder brother Adan planned to travel to Cuba to visit the president, the government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)

Hugo Chavez suffers respiratory infection after surgery

The Times of India

19 Dec 2012

CARACAS, ( Venezuela). Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba, the government said amid uncertainty and concern over his delicate condition ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said, without elaborating ... Concluding the statement, Villegas said. "Long live Chavez!" ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)

Chavez suffers respiratory infection after surgery

Zeenews

19 Dec 2012

Caracas (Venezuela). Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba, the government said amid uncertainty and concern over his delicate condition ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said, without elaborating ... Concluding the statement, Villegas said. "Long live Chavez!" ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... PTI ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)

Hugo Chavez's brother to visit Venezuelan leader

The Wichita Eagle

19 Dec 2012

CARACAS, Venezuela — President Hugo Chavez's elder brother reportedly was heading to Cuba on Tuesday to visit the Venezuelan leader amid uncertainty and concern at home over his condition after a fourth cancer-related surgery. The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... In a radio interview, he said a peaceful and problem-free change would have "no repercussion in the region." ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)

>Chavez suffers respiratory infection after surgery

Seattle Post

19 Dec 2012

CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) — Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba, the government said on Tuesday amid uncertainty and concern over his delicate condition ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said, without elaborating ... Concluding the statement, Villegas said. "Long live Chavez!" ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... 10 ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)

Hugo Chavez has respiratory infection after surgery

CBC

19 Dec 2012

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba, the government said on Tuesday amid uncertainty and concern over his delicate condition ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said, without elaborating. Chavez's doctors have recommended "complete rest in the coming days," Villegas said ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... 10 ... 10 ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)

Hugo Chavez Cancer Surgery: Venezuelan President Suffers Respiratory Infection After Undergoing Procedure

Huffington Post

19 Dec 2012

CARACAS, Venezuela — Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba, the government said on Tuesday amid uncertainty and concern over his delicate condition ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said, without elaborating ... Concluding the statement, Villegas said. "Long live Chavez!" ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... 10 ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)

Hugo Chavez 'stable' after respiratory infection

Newsday

19 Dec 2012

Photos. CARACAS, Venezuela - (AP) -- Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba and must have "complete rest" for the next few days, the government said Tuesday ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said ... Concluding the statement, he said ... Chavez's elder brother, Adan, planned to travel to Cuba on Tuesday to visit the president, the government newspaper Correo del Orinoco reported ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)

>Hugo Chavez 'stable' after respiratory infection

Seattle Post

19 Dec 2012

CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) — Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba and must have "complete rest" for the next few days, the government said Tuesday ... "It has been controlled," Villegas said ... Concluding the statement, he said ... Chavez's elder brother, Adan, planned to travel to Cuba on Tuesday to visit the president, the government newspaper Correo del Orinoco reported ... 10 ... 10 ... ___ ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)

Hugo Chavez suffering from respiratory infection

The Daily Telegraph

19 Dec 2012

Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez is suffering from a respiratory infection after undergoing cancer surgery in Cuba. Members of the Venezuelan army attend a mass for the health of President Hugo Chavez in Caracas Photo. JUAN BARRETO/AFP/Getty Images. 12.56AM GMT 19 Dec 2012 ... "It has been controlled," Mr Villegas said, without elaborating ... The government newspaper Correo del Orinoco said Adan Chavez planned to leave in the afternoon ... ....(size: 10.5Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

For other uses, see Orinoco (disambiguation).

Coordinates: 8°37′N 62°15′W / 8.617°N 62.25°W

Orinoco River
Río Orinoco
River
Bridge over the Orinoco at Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela
Countries	Venezuela, Colombia
District	South America


Source
- location	Cerro Delgado-Chalbaud, Parima, Venezuela & Brazil
- elevation	1,047 m (3,435 ft)
- coordinates	02°19′05″N 63°21′42″W / 2.31806°N 63.36167°W / 2.31806; -63.36167
Mouth	Delta Amacuro
- location	Atlantic Ocean, Venezuela
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
- coordinates	8°37′N 62°15′W / 8.617°N 62.25°W / 8.617; -62.25 ^[1]

Length	2,140 km (1,330 mi)
Basin	880,000 km² (339,770 sq mi)
Discharge
- average	33,000 m³/s (1,165,384 cu ft/s)

Orinoco's watershed

The Orinoco is one of the longest rivers in South America at 2,140 km (1,330 mi). Its drainage basin, sometimes called the Orinoquia, covers 880,000 square kilometres (340,000 sq mi), with 76.3% of it in Venezuela and the remainder in Colombia. The Orinoco and its tributaries are the major transportation system for eastern and interior Venezuela and the llanos of Colombia.

1 History
2 Geography
- 2.1 Major rivers in the Orinoco Basin
3 Ecology
4 Economic activity
- 4.1 El Florero Iron Mine
- 4.2 Orinoco Tar Sands
5 Recreation and sports
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links

History [link]

Map of Lower Orinoco 1897

Although the mouth of the Orinoco in the Atlantic Ocean was documented by Columbus on 1 August 1498, during his third voyage, its source at the Cerro Delgado-Chalbaud, in the Parima range, was first explored in 1951, 453 years later. The source, on the Venezuelan-Brazilian border, at 1,047 m (3,435 ft) of elevation (02°19′05″N 63°21′42″W / 2.31806°N 63.36167°W / 2.31806; -63.36167 ), was explored in 1951 by a joint Venezuelan-French team.

The Orinoco delta, and tributaries in the eastern llanos such as the Apure and Meta, were explored in the 16th century by German expeditions under Ambrosius Ehinger and his successors. In 1531 Diego de Ordaz, starting at the principal outlet in the delta, the Boca de Navios, sailed up the river to the Meta, and Antonio de Berrio sailed down the Casanare, to the Meta, and then down the Orinoco and back to Coro.

Alexander von Humboldt explored the basin in 1800, reporting on the pink river dolphins, and publishing extensively on the flora and fauna.^[2]

Geography [link]

The course of the Orinoco forms a wide ellipsoidal arc, surrounding the Guiana Shield; it is divided in four stretches of unequal length that roughly correspond to the longitudinal zonation of a typical large river:

Upper Orinoco— 242 kilometres (150 mi) long, from its headwaters to the rapids Raudales de Guaharibos, flows through mountainous landscape in a northwesterly direction
Middle Orinoco— 750 kilometres (470 mi) long, divided into two sectors, the first of which ca. 480 kilometres (300 mi) long has a general westward direction down to the confluence with the Atabapo and Guaviare rivers at San Fernando de Atabapo; the second flows northward, for about 270 kilometres (170 mi), along the Venezuelan - Colombian border, flanked on both sides by the westernmost granitic upwellings of the Guiana Shield which impede the development of a flood plain, to the Atures rapids near the confluence with the Meta River at Puerto Carreño,
Lower Orinoco— 959 kilometres (596 mi) long with a well-developed alluvial plain, flows in a northeast direction, from Atures rapids down to Piacoa in front of Barrancas
Delta Amacuro— 200 kilometres (120 mi) long that empties into the Gulf of Paría and the Atlantic Ocean, a very large delta, some 22,500 km² (8,700 sq mi) and 370 kilometres (230 mi) at its widest.

Panorama of the Orinoco River.

File:Ciudad guyana.jpg

Orinoco River, the second largest in South America, at its confluence with the Caroní River (lower left).^[3]

Rapids of the Orinoco River, near Puerto Ayacucho airport, Venezuela.

The Orinoco River, here in Amazonas State, Venezuela.

Orinoco River, in Amazonas State, Venezuela.

At its mouth, the Orinoco forms a wide delta that branches off into hundreds of rivers and waterways that flow through 41,000 km² (16,000 sq mi) of swampy forests. In the rainy season, the Orinoco can swell to a breadth of 22 kilometres (14 mi) and a depth of 100 metres (330 ft).

Most of the important Venezuelan rivers are tributaries of the Orinoco, the largest being the Caroní, which joins it at Puerto Ordaz, close to the Llovizna Falls. A peculiarity of the Orinoco river system is the Casiquiare canal, which starts as an arm of the Orinoco, and finds its way to the Rio Negro, a tributary of the Amazon, thus forming a 'natural canal' between Orinoco and Amazon.

Major rivers in the Orinoco Basin [link]

Apure: from Venezuela through the east into the Orinoco
Arauca: from Colombia to Venezuela east into the Orinoco
Atabapo: from the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela north into the Orinoco
Caroní: from the Guiana Highlands of Venezuela north into the Orinoco
Casiquiare canal: in SE Venezuela, a distributary from the Orinoco flowing west to the Negro River, a major affluent to the Amazon
Caura: from eastern Venezuela (Guiana Highlands) north into the Orinoco
Guaviare: from Colombia east into the Orinoco
Inírida: from Colombia southeast into the Guaviare.
Meta: from Colombia, border with Venezuela east into the Orinoco
Ventuari: from eastern Venezuela (the Guiana Highlands) southwest into the Orinoco
Vichada: from Colombia east into the Orinoco

Ecology [link]

The Boto, or Amazon River Dolphin, is also known to inhabit the Orinoco River system. The Orinoco Crocodile is one of the rarest reptiles in the world, with fewer than 250 specimens remaining in the wild. Its present-day range in the wild is restricted to the Orinoco River Basin. The Orinoco is home to the Caribe Piranha or Pygocentrus cariba.

Economic activity [link]

The river is navigable for most of its length, and dredging enables ocean ships to go as far as Ciudad Bolívar, at the confluence of the Caroní River, 435 km (270 mi) upstream. River steamers carry cargo as far as Puerto Ayacucho and the Atures Rapids.

El Florero Iron Mine [link]

In 1926 a Venezuelan mining inspector found one of the richest iron ore deposits near the Orinoco delta, south of the town of San Felix on a mountain name El Florero. Full-scale mining of the ore deposits began after World War II, by a conglomerate of Venezuelan firms and US steel companies. At the start in the early 1950s, about 10,000 tons of ore-bearing soil was mined per day.^[4]

Orinoco Tar Sands [link]

The Orinoco river deposits also contain extensive tar sands in the Orinoco oil belt, which may be a source of future oil production.^[5]

Recreation and sports [link]

Since 1988, the local government of Ciudad Guayana has conducted a swim race in the rivers Orinoco and Caroní, with up to 1000 competitors. Since 1991, the "Paso a Nado Internacional de los Rios Orinoco-Caroní" has been celebrated every year, on a Sunday close to 19 April. Worldwide, this swim-meet has gained in importance, and it has a large number of competitors.^[6]

Notes [link]

^ Orinoco River at GEOnet Names Server
^ Helferich, Gerard (2004) Humboldt's cosmos: Alexander von Humboldt and the Latin American journey that changed the way we see the world Gotham Books, New York, ISBN 1-59240-052-3.
^ "Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela : Image of the Day". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=6215. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ "Venezuela's Magnetic Mountain" Popular Mechanics, July 1949
^ Forero, Juan (1 June 2006) "For Venezuela, A Treasure In Oil Sludge" New York Times Vol. 155 Issue 53597, pC1-C6
^ "Antecedentes y Sumario Paso a Nado Internacional de Los Rios Orinoco/Caroni" Paso Nado Internacional de Los Rios Orinoco y Caroní Official website in Spanish, translation of title: "Antecedents and Summary of the International Swim Meet of the Orinoco and Caroni Rivers"

References [link]

Stark, James H. 1897. Stark's Guide-Book and History of Trinidad including Tobago, Granada, and St. Vincent; also a trip up the Orinoco and a description of the great Venezuelan Pitch Lake. Boston, James H. Stark, publisher; London, Sampson Low, Marston & Company. (This book has an excellent description of a trip up the Orinoco as far as Ciudad Bolívar and a detailed description of the Venezuelan Pitch Lake situated on the western side of the Gulf of Paria opposite.)
MacKee, E.D., Nordin, C.F. and D. Perez-Hernandez (1998). "The Waters and Sediments of the Rio Orinoco and its major Tributaries, Venezuela and Colombia." United States Geological Survey water-supply paper, ISSN 0083; 2326/A-B. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
Weibezahn, F.H., Haymara, A. and M.W. Lewis (1990). The Orinoco River as an ecosystem. Caracas: Universidad Simon Bolivar.
Rawlins, C.B. (1999). The Orinoco River. New York: Franklin Watts.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Orinoco River Basin

"The Orinoco Heavy Oil Belt In Venezuela (or Heavy Oil to the Rescue?)" Department of Earth Science, Rice University

v t e Tributaries of the Orinoco

From the Guiana Highlands	Atabapo · Caroní · Caura · Ventuari

From elsewhere	Apure (Guárico, Portuguesa) · Arauca · Guaviare (Inírida) · Meta · Vichada

Inter-basin links	Casiquiare canal (with Amazon)

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orinoco

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Contents

History [link]

Geography [link]

Major rivers in the Orinoco Basin [link]

Ecology [link]

Economic activity [link]

El Florero Iron Mine [link]

Orinoco Tar Sands [link]

Recreation and sports [link]

Notes [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Orinoco

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Orinoco

http://cs.wn.com/Orinoco

http://es.wn.com/Río Orinoco

http://ru.wn.com/Ориноко

http://nl.wn.com/Orinoco

http://id.wn.com/Sungai Orinoko

http://pl.wn.com/Orinoko

http://fr.wn.com/Orénoque

http://hi.wn.com/ओरिनोको नदी

http://pt.wn.com/Rio Orinoco

http://de.wn.com/Orinoco