- published: 08 Nov 2010
- views: 6353
- author: timoncheese
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- Abi Titmuss
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Alford Manor House
The Manor House is a Grade II listed building which can be found on West street within Alford, Lincolnshire, England. It is believed to be the largest thatched manor house in England and was built to a traditional H plan in 1611. It is a very rare example of a composite structure, featuring a wooden frame with reed and plaster (visible from within the house), encased in brick. Ground floor and first floor rooms feature design interventions from Georgian through to Victorian times, whilst the attic floor is virtually untouched since 1611.
The house owes much of its existence to the wealth of one of its owners, Sir Robert Christopher. The house was inherited by his granddaughter, Lucy, who married John Manners, Duke of Rutland. Thereafter Alford Manor House was inhabited by tenants, one of whom was John Higgins, who arrived in about 1820. He was a friend of Charles Darwin's father, Robert, and was the local Land Agent. He established his office in the nineteenth century annex which you can see on the east wing of the house.
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Alford Windmill
Alford Windmill (pron. "Olford Windmill" in Lincolnshire) is a five-sailed windmill in Alford, Lincolnshire and the only surviving windmill out of four. Today the windmill has been restored to working order, and grinds grain to organic flour. It is open as a tourist attraction.
Alford Windmill is a seven-storeyed Lincolnshire type tower windmill with a stage – featuring a slender, tapering brick tower, tarred to keep the moisture out, covered with a white onion-shaped (ogee) cap with fan-stage, huge fantail, and white sails. She has five patent-shutter sails and originally three, later on four pair of stones (two pair of grey or peak stones (cut from rock found in the Peak District) and two French "quartzite" stones).
The mill provides a flywheel at the mill's base connected by pulley to a town gas driven engine in the adjacent shed. This engine makes the mill independent of wind if it is insufficient to drive the sailcross. In its heyday Alford Mill was capable of grinding 4 to 5 tonnes of corn a day.
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Ayscoughfee Hall
Ayscoughfee Hall (
/ˈæskəˌfiː hɔːl/) is a grade II* listed building, located in central Spalding, Lincolnshire, England, and is a landmark on the fen tour.
The house, currently a museum, was built for Richard Ailwyn (or Aldwyn) in the fifteenth century. A dendrological study of the roof timbers reveal that the house was built in one phase, with a completion date of the majority of the present building in 1451. Richard Ailwyn's son, Sir Nicholas Ailwyn, a member of the Mercer's Company, became Lord Mayor of London in 1499. The house is substantially unchanged from that period, and would be recognisable to a visitor from the fifteenth century.
The Hall was reputed to have belonged to the Ayscough (Askew, Ainscough) family in the early part of the 16th century - Fee referring to the Knight's Fee or living from the property. Early records name the house as Ayscough Fee Hall. A grant of land at Spalding was made to Sir William Ayscough (b.1490–d.1541) by Henry VIII. E. H. Gooch writes about "Ayscoughfee Hall" in his book "The History of Spalding", 1940.
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Barrow upon Humber
Coordinates: 53°40′30″N 0°22′55″W / 53.675010°N 0.38184531°W / 53.675010; -0.38184531
Barrow upon Humber is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. Many of the buildings in the centre of the village are of 18th and 19th century origin. There are several buildings of note including Down Hall, Barrow Hall, Forester's Hall and West Cote Farm. There are two public houses: the Royal Oak and the Six Bells. A third public house, the Red Lion, situated in the lower High Street, reverted to a residence in the early 20th century.[citation needed]
According to the 2001 census Barrow upon Humber had a population of 2,745. The village is located near the Humber, about three miles east of Barton-upon-Humber. The small port of Barrow Haven, 1.5 miles north, on the railway line from Cleethorpes and Grimsby to Barton-upon-Humber handles timber from Latvia and Estonia. The village is the home of Barton-upon-Humber Rugby Union Football Club, whose clubhouse is in Mill Lane.[citation needed]
wn.com/Barrow_upon_Humber -
Barton upon Humber
Coordinates: 53°41′00″N 0°27′00″W / 53.6833°N 0.4500°W / 53.6833; -0.4500
Barton-upon-Humber or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary, and at the end of the Humber Bridge. It lies 46 miles (74 km) east of Leeds, 6 miles (10 km) southwest of Hull and 31 miles (50 km) north northeast of the county town of Lincoln. The town was formerly an important centre for the manufacture of bicycles, Hopper's Cycles being established in the town in 1880 in the Hopper Building. Other nearby towns include Scunthorpe to the southwest and Grimsby to the southeast. The civil parish of Barton-Upon-Humber includes the hamlet of Beaumontcote which lies about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south of the town.
The town is the northern terminus at Barton station of a branch line (Barton – Cleethorpes), opened in 1849, from Grimsby and Cleethorpes. Services are provided by Northern Rail. The A15 passes to the west of the town cutting through the Beacon Hill, and has a junction with the A1077 Ferriby Road. The B1218 passes north-south through the town, and leads to Barton Waterside eventually. Kimberly-Clark have a factory on Falkland Way close to the railway, which is known to them as their Barton Plant. This area is known as the Humber Bridge Industrial Estate.
wn.com/Barton_upon_Humber -
BBC Lincolnshire
BBC Radio Lincolnshire is the BBC Local Radio service for the English county of Lincolnshire — apart from the northern parts, which are covered by BBC Radio Humberside. It broadcasts from studios near Newport Arch in Lincoln on 94.9 (whole of the county) and 104.7 (Grantham) FM, 1368 (Swanpool, west Lincoln) AM and online through its website.
The slogan for the station is Live, Local, and Loving Lincolnshire.
Launched on 11 November 1980 at 07:00 with a commissioned peal of bells from Lincoln Cathedral. The first words spoken on BBC Radio Lincolnshire came from Nick Brunger: "And it's a warm welcome for the first time to the programmes of BBC Radio Lincolnshire."
Manx Radio was concerned by the choice of medium wave frequencies given to the station.
In 1988 the station commissioned UK jingle producer Alfasound to compose a jingle package based on the traditional English folk song The Lincolnshire Poacher, continuing on this theme until 2006.
In 2006 it conducted a six month trial of XDA pocket-PCs for the BBC, using Technica Del Arte's Luci mobile (on the hoof) interviewing application. It used to have a BBC Bus, until licence fee cutbacks in early 2008 forced budget priorities to be streamlined.
wn.com/BBC_Lincolnshire -
BBC Radio Humberside
BBC Radio Humberside is a BBC Local Radio service covering the area of the former English county of Humberside, which was returned to North Lincolnshire, North East Lincolnshire the East Riding of Yorkshire and the City of Kingston upon Hull on 1 April 1996.
Simon Pattern is the station's managing editor with Derek McGill as assistant editor.
It began broadcasting in 1971 from studios above a post office on Chapel Street, three years before the county of Humberside was created: It actually outlived the county as Humberside was abolished in 1996.
The first Station Manager was John Cordeaux and the Programme Organiser was David Greddington (later also presented a late night Saturday programme). The first team of presenters included Fiona Cowan (Breakfast), Robin Pulford (who went on to present the very first phone in programme on the station - Countywide), Paul Heiney, Ian Hunter, David Eggleston, Jill Ward, John Withington (news and sport), Keith Barnwell, Al Gilyon and Charles Levitt (News).
wn.com/BBC_Radio_Humberside -
Bedfordshire
Bedfordshire ( /ˈbɛdfərdʃər/ or /ˈbɛdfərdʃɪər/; abbreviated Beds.) is a ceremonial county of historic origin in England that forms part of the East of England region.
It borders Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the south-east.
The highest elevation point is 243 metres (797 ft) on Dunstable Downs in the Chilterns.
As part of a 2002 marketing campaign, the plant conservation charity Plantlife chose the Bee Orchid as the county flower.
The traditional nickname for people from Bedfordshire is "Bedfordshire Bulldogs" or "Clangers", this last deriving from a local dish comprising a suet crust dumpling filled with meat or jam or both.
It is the 14th most densely populated county of England and the fifth most densly populated non-metropolitan county with over half the population of the county living in the two largest built up areas of Bedford (102,000) and Luton (236,000).
The first recorded use of the name was in 1011 as "Bedanfordscir," meaning the shire or county of Bedford, which itself means "Beda's ford" (river crossing).
wn.com/Bedfordshire -
Belchford
Coordinates: 53°15′36″N 0°03′38″W / 53.260089°N 0.060636029°W / 53.260089; -0.060636029
Belchford is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, about 7 miles (11.3 km) north of Horncastle and just to the east of the A153. Village population is about 200.
Village history dates back to the Romans and the Vikings. In 1536, during the Reformation, the vicar of Belchford was hanged, drawn and quartered for treason, after leading a rebellion against the crown.[citation needed]
Steep hills and deep valleys surround the village. Belchford lies in the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty running from Louth in the north, to Horncastle in the south. The village attracts ramblers, and hang-gliders who use the ridges from the Bluestone Heath Road to launch into the valley.[citation needed]
The Viking Way, a national long distance footpath, passes through Belchford by the Blue Bell Inn, on its way from the Humber in the north to Rutland in the south.
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Berkshire
Berkshire ( /ˈbɑrkʃər/ or /ˈbɑrkʃɪər/, abbreviated Berks) is both a ceremonial county and a historic county of England. The administrative county of Berkshire including the Berkshire County Council were abolished in 1998. The county is often referred to as the Royal County of Berkshire because of the presence of the royal residence of Windsor Castle in the county; this usage, which dates to the 19th century at least, was recognised by the Queen in 1957, and letters patent issued confirming this in 1974.
The ceremonial county has the same boundaries as the former administrative county, but historically the county was not co-terminous with this. The county borders the counties of Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Wiltshire and Hampshire. Historically the county included several towns to the northwest of the county (including Abingdon, Didcot and Wantage) that were moved into Oxfordshire in 1974 boundary changes. At the same time the town of Slough was moved into Berkshire from Buckinghamshire.
wn.com/Berkshire -
Billingborough
Coordinates: 52°53′37″N 0°20′25″W / 52.893649°N 0.340233°W / 52.893649; -0.340233
Billingborough is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, about ten miles north of Bourne and ten miles south of Sleaford on the B1177 between Horbling and Pointon just south of the A52.
The name of the village comes from the post-Roman Billings tribe of invaders.
The school name, Aveland, is taken from a pre-conquest Wapentake of that name, dating back to 921. It stretched from Bourne to Threekingham. The Lafford Deanery of the church of England
The area was populous in the Middle Ages, and includes the lost village of Ouseby and shrunken village of Birthorpe.
St Andrews church dates to the 13th century and is in a mixture of Perpendicular Gothic and Decorated period styles.
The village was formerly served by the Billingboro and Horbling railway station.
Billingborough is positioned at the edge of The Fens. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 1,098.
It has a pre-school, a primary school and Aveland High School, formerly a secondary modern school. After a period of criticism over results, in January 2010 the Aveland school merged with a Sleaford school to form St George's Academy. The catchment area for the secondary school spans the boundary of North Kesteven and South Kesteven, with many pupils living just south of Sleaford. Most Lincolnshire school catchment areas do not span district boundaries; the new academy, run from Sleaford, will perpetuate the anomaly.[original research?]
wn.com/Billingborough -
Birmingham
Birmingham (
i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
wn.com/Birmingham -
Bolingbroke Castle
Bolingbroke Castle is a ruined castle in Bolingbroke (or Old Bolingbroke) Lincolnshire, England.
Most of the castle is built of Spilsby greenstone, as are several nearby churches. The local greenstone is a limestone that proved to be porous, prone to rapid deterioration when exposed to weather and a substandard building material. The castle was constructed as an irregular polygonal enclosure. The castle is one of the earliest examples of a uniform castle designed and built without a keep. It originally was surrounded by a large water-filled moat 31 metres (102 ft) wide. The curtain wall was up to 5 metres (16 ft) feet thick and defended by five D-shaped towers and a twin-towered gate house.
Similar to another castle built by Ranulf during the same period at Beeston in Cheshire, Bolingroke had no inner defensive keep. The castle relied instead on thick walls and the five D shaped defensive corner towers. Some design similarities are noted with the contemporary castle at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France that was also constructed without a central donjon.
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Bourne Abbey
Bourne Abbey and the Parish Church of St. Peter and St. Paul is a scheduled Grade I church in Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. The building remains in parochial use, despite the 16th century Dissolution, as the nave was used by the parish, probably from the time of the foundation of the abbey in 1138.
While the Domesday Book makes it clear that there was a church in Bourne in 1066 and there is a suggestion that there was an Anglo-Saxon abbey (see David Roffe's link below), as far as is firmly known, the abbey was founded as a monastic institution, by a charter granted in 1138, by Baldwin fitz Gilbert de Clare (with the consent of Roger his son and Adelina his wife). He was a member of a post-conquest Norman family, settled in Suffolk, which later made its mark in Wales and Ireland. Adelina was a great-granddaughter of Hereward the Wake, though the connection with the Wake family was not made until the generation after Baldwin and Adelina, when their daughter, Emma married Hugh Wake. The house was for up to 14 canons of the Arrouaisian reform of the Augustinian Rule. This was the height of the period of abbey foundation and castle-building in England.
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Bourne Civic Society
Bourne Civic Society is a voluntary organization concerned with the development of the town and community of Bourne, Lincolnshire, England.
It was founded in 1977 at a time of a rapid expansion of the town. Its aim is to carry the good features of the town from the past into the future, while improving the existing structures.
The society arranges talks and visits but its most visible work has gone into its heritage centre in Baldock's Mill.
In the early years of the society's existence, it set up short-term exhibitions in places like the Red Hall, to draw attention to what the town had achieved in the past and to date. A notable one, in 1984, commemorated the town's accommodating Parachute Regiment men, in the months before they flew to Arnhem in 1944.
However it was seen as important that the society should have a base of its own in which a permanent exhibition could be developed for townspeople and visitors. For this purpose, a lease was negotiated with Bourne United Charities, allowing use of Baldock's Mill the former tenant of which, the Red Cross, had moved to new premises. The building was renovated and converted by voluntary work and youth training schemes, under the guidance of a chartered surveyor member of the society.
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Bourne Woods
The woods near Bourne, Lincolnshire, England. In particular, Bourne Wood. National Grid reference TF0821. Co-ordinates: O°24'W, 52°46'N. Bourne Wood is owned by The Forestry Commission England. It is managed by Forest Enterprise (England) as part of Kesteven Forest. Of those close around Bourne Wood, only Fox Wood belongs to the Forestry Commission.
The ridge of Jurassic land which lies to the west of Bourne in Lincolnshire, England, overlooks the town and the reclaimed fens to its east. This statement should not however, be allowed to give an impression of great altitude. This is a region of very gentle relief. The fen edge is at an altitude of about seven metres and 2½ kilometres away, the highest ground in the wood is at about 58 metres. The Jurassic beds (clay and sandy clay) are capped by glacial till or boulder clay, left from glaciations that occurred in the British Isles during the Anglian and Wolstonian stages respectively1. In former times, this till made the land too difficult for the early farmers to use as arable land and too wet and tenacious to be ideal for pasture. It is natural therefore, to find that much of it has been left as woodland, which was in itself, a valuable resource for fuel and constructional material. As far south as Bourne though, the remaining strip of glacial till is narrow and most of Bourne wood is on the Jurassic Kellaways clay and Kellaways sand.
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Branston Hall
Branston Hall is a country house in the Lincolnshire village of Branston. The hall was built between 1884 and 1886 and is set in 3.56 square kilometres (88 acres) of wooded parkland and lakes.
Originally commissioned as the family seat of the Melville family, the house became an RAF hospital during World War II, lay derelict in the 1970s and 1980s, underwent restoration and conversion into a luxury retirement home in the late 1980s, and has now been restored and converted into a popular hotel.
Coordinates: 53°11′39″N 0°28′57″W / 53.19417°N 0.4825°W / 53.19417; -0.4825
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Brigg
Coordinates: 53°33′10″N 0°29′06″W / 53.5529°N 0.4850°W / 53.5529; -0.4850
Brigg (/'brɪg/) is a small market town in North Lincolnshire, England, with a population of 5,076 in 2,213 households (2001 UK census). The town lies at the junction of the River Ancholme and east-west transport routes across northern Lincolnshire. As a formerly important local centre, the town's full name of Glanford Brigg is reflected in the surrounding area and local government district of the same name.
The area of present–day Brigg has been used for thousands of years as both a crossing point of the Ancholme and for access to the river itself. Prehistoric boats of sewn–built and dugout construction have been found in the town, both dating to around 900 BCE. A causeway or jetty also stood on the riverside during the early Iron Age, although its exact use is uncertain.
During the Anglo-Saxon period the area became known as Glanford. The second element of the name is not disputed, but the origin of the first element is unclear. It is possibly derived from the Old English gleam meaning joy or revelry, and thus the full word is interpreted as "ford where sports are held". Another suggestion is that the first element refers to a 'glamping' track—a walkway formed by placing interlocking planks or logs over boggy ground—and thus describes a ford crossed in this manner. A third possibility is that it means "smooth ford" although its etymology is not specified.
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Bristol
Bristoli/ˈbrɪstəl/ is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, with an estimated population of 433,100 for the unitary authority in 2009, and a surrounding Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) with an estimated 1,070,000 residents in 2007. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, one of the group of English Core Cities and the most populous city in South West England.
Historically within Gloucestershire, the city received a Royal Charter in 1155 and was granted County status in 1373. From the 13th century, for half a millennium, it ranked amongst the top three English cities after London, alongside York and Norwich, on the basis of tax receipts, until the rapid rise of Liverpool, Birmingham and Manchester during the Industrial Revolution in the latter part of the 18th century. It borders the counties of Somerset and Gloucestershire, and is also located near the historic cities of Bath to the south east and Gloucester to the north. The city is built around the River Avon, and it also has a short coastline on the Severn Estuary, which flows into the Bristol Channel.
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Buckinghamshire
Buckinghamshire ( /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈbʌkɪŋəmʃɪər/; archaically the County of Buckingham; abbreviated Bucks) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan home county in South East England. The county town is Aylesbury, the largest town in the ceremonial county is Milton Keynes and largest town in the non-metropolitan county is High Wycombe.
The area under the control of Buckinghamshire County Council, or shire county, is divided into four districts—Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks and Wycombe. The Borough of Milton Keynes is a unitary authority and forms part of the county for various functions such as Lord Lieutenant but does not come under county council control. The ceremonial county, the area including Milton Keynes borough, borders Greater London (to the south east), Berkshire (to the south), Oxfordshire (to the west), Northamptonshire (to the north), Bedfordshire (to the north east) and Hertfordshire (to the east).
Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which limits development. It is the location of the nationally important Pinewood Studios and Dorney Lake, which will be holding the rowing events at the 2012 Summer Olympics. It is also well known for the new town of Milton Keynes and the Chiltern Hills area of outstanding natural beauty.
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Burghley House
Burghley House is a grand 16th-century country house near the town of Stamford, Lincolnshire, England (Burghley House itself is just within Cambridgeshire). Its park was laid out by Capability Brown.
Burghley was built for Sir William Cecil, later 1st Baron Burghley, who was Lord High Treasurer to Queen Elizabeth I, between 1558 and 1587 and modelled on the privy lodgings of Richmond Palace. It was subsequently the residence of his descendants, the earls and marquesses of Exeter and, since 1961, is owned by a charitable trust established by the family.
Lady Victoria Leatham, a daughter of the 6th marquess and a well-known antiques expert and television personality, ran the house as a director of the trust from 1982 to 2007. She has been succeeded by her daughter Miranda Rock.
The house is one of the principal examples of 16th-century English Elizabethan architecture and also has a suite of rooms remodelled in the baroque style, with carvings by Grinling Gibbons. The main part of the house has 35 major rooms on the ground and first floors. There are more than 80 lesser rooms and numerous halls, corridors, bathrooms and service areas.
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Butlins Skegness
Butlins Skegness (officially Butlins Resort Skegness), formerly Butlin's Skegness or Funcoast World; is a holiday camp located in Ingoldmells near Skegness in Lincolnshire, England. Sir William Butlin conceived of its creation based on his experiences at a Canadian summer camp in his youth and by observation of the actions of other holiday accommodation providers, both in seaside resort lodging houses and in earlier smaller holiday camps.
Construction of the camp began in 1935 and it was opened in 1936, when it quickly proved to be a success with a need for expansion. The camp included dining and recreation facilities, such as dance halls and sports fields. During World War II, the camp was subject to a short military occupation when it served as a Naval training base, reverting to being a holiday camp in 1946. Over the past 75 years the camp has seen continuous use and development, in the mid 1980s and again in the late 1990s being subject to substantial investment and redevelopment.
The camp has been witness to history as it was written, particularly that of the entertainment industry. From both its entertainment and Redcoat staff have come individuals who have become notable in their own right, in fields such as music, comedy, and acting. In the late 1990s the site was re-branded as a holiday resort, and remains open today as one of three remaining Butlins resorts.
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Cadwell Park
Cadwell Park is a motor racing circuit in Lincolnshire, England, 5 miles (8 km) south of Louth. It is owned and operated by Jonathan Palmer's Motorsport Vision company.
It is sited across a steep-sided valley, giving rise to dips and crests. The circuit features sharp changes in gradient, including one section called The Mountain where bikes can become airborne by up to several feet. Its mix of challenging corners has led to its nickname as the Mini-Nürburgring.
Located in the Lincolnshire Wolds, Cadwell Park was established in 1934 by Mr Mansfield Wilkinson of Louth. His sons originally used the land for racing their own motorbikes against each other and this evolved into the circuit which it is today.
In 1953 the track was lengthened to 1.3 miles (2.1 km), upon the invitation of the 500 cc motorcycle-engined Formula 3 to race in a traditional bike meeting. Around 30,000 spectators attended that particular race.
The original track grew to the current 2.25 miles (3.62 km) layout in 1962 and hosted the British F3 series the next May. Some of the bends are named after family members e.g. Mansfield, Charlie and Chris.
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Caistor
See Caistor St Edmund for the Roman settlement in Norfolk or Caister-on-Sea for the town in Norfolk
Coordinates: 53°29′38″N 0°19′19″W / 53.494°N 0.322°W / 53.494; -0.322
Caistor is a town and civil parish situated in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. As its name implies, it was originally a Roman castrum or fortress. It lies at the north-west edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, on the Viking Way, and just off the A46 between Lincoln and Grimsby, at the A46, A1084, A1173 and B1225 junction. It has a population of 2,601. Its name comes from the Anglo-Saxon ceaster ("Roman camp" or "town") and was given in the Domesday Book as Castre.
Only a few fragments of the 4th century walls remain; for example, the original Roman wall is visible on the southern boundary of the parish church of St. Peter and St. Paul. The area occupied by the fortress is now classified as a Scheduled Ancient Monument. The church of St. Peter and St. Paul which is enclosed within the fortress has an Anglo-Saxon tower. The market square lies at the heart of a conservation area which contains 56, mainly grade II, listed buildings. In numerical terms, the number of listed buildings makes Caistor the most important Conservation Area in the West Lindsey area; many of the buildings are Georgian or Victorian. Notable buildings in the town include Caistor Grammar School, founded in 1633, and Sessions House, built in 1662.
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Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire ( /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃər/ or /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒʃɪər/; also known, archaically, as the County of Cambridge; abbreviated Cambs.) is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west. The principal settlement is the city of Cambridge. Modern Cambridgeshire was formed from the historic counties of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire, together with the Isle of Ely and the Soke of Peterborough; it contains most of the region known as Silicon Fen.
Cambridgeshire is twinned with Kreis Viersen in Germany.
Cambridgeshire is noted as the site of some of the earliest known Neolithic permanent settlements in the United Kingdom, along with sites at Fengate and Balbridie.
Cambridgeshire was recorded in the Domesday Book as "Grantbridgeshire" (or rather Grentebrigescire) (cf the river Granta). Covering a large part of East Anglia, Cambridgeshire today is the result of several local government unifications. In 1888 when county councils were introduced, separate councils were set up, following the traditional division of Cambridgeshire, for
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Chapel St Leonards
Coordinates: 53°13′23″N 0°20′11″E / 53.2230°N 0.3365°E / 53.2230; 0.3365
Chapel St. Leonards is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, situated 5 miles (8.0 km) to the north of the resort of Skegness.
The village is a location for caravan park holidays, is next to several miles of beach, and close to Fantasy Island, market towns, and the Lincolnshire Wolds.
A Chapel St. Leonards landmark is Chapel Point, a mile north of the centre of the village. It is a restored part of a major World War II coastal defence line; the restoration included the Gun Structure and the Viewing Platform. In recent years Chapel Point has become a favourite location for birdwatchers, being frequently visited by a number of overseas birds such as the Mediterranean Gull.
The name of the village derives from a chapel at Mumby dedicated to St Leonard; the village history is tied to that of Mumby, both at one time being part of the same ecclesiastical parish.
The village Anglican church, also dedicated to St Leonard, was rebuilt in 1572 after a flood, and again rebuilt in 1794 on a smaller scale. There was further rebuilding in 1866 and in 1901 when the church was lengthened and the red-tiled tower, unique in Lincolnshire, was added. In 1924 the chapel was again enlarged and lengthened, and a new east window and reredos added. The present church holds parish registers dating from 1665, although Bishop's transcripts go back as far as 1568.[citation needed]
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Church Farm Museum
Church Farm Museum is a museum of local and agricultural history near Skegness, Lincolnshire, England.
There are a number of traditional indigenous buildings, including:
There are exhibitions of 19th and 20th century farm implements and machinery, and displays about traditional breeds such as the Red Poll cattle, and the Longwool Sheep. There are no beasts on site.
The museum is run by volunteers following its closure by Lincolnshire County Council. Opening daily from Easter to 31 October. Admission is free. The museum has twice taken top place in the council's own popularity poll of visitors attractions.[citation needed] In June 2010 it was announced that the Museum is to disappear this because Lincolnshire County Council Wanted to close the museum down, they claim falling visitor numbers.
Church Farm Museum is now being re-branded as The Village - Church Farm since a local fire (of the mud and stud cottage) and cuts by Lincoln County Council.
Gordon Boswell Romany Museum, Spalding
Coordinates: 53°08′46″N 0°19′34″E / 53.146°N 0.326°E / 53.146; 0.326
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City of London
The City of London is an area in central London, England. In the medieval period it constituted most of London, but the conurbation has grown far beyond it. As the City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, it is now only a tiny part of the metropolis, though it remains a notable part of central London, holds city status in its own right, and is a separate ceremonial county.
It is often referred to as the City (often written on maps as "City") or the Square Mile, as it is just over one square mile (1.12 sq mi/2.90 km2) in area. These terms are also often used as metonyms for the United Kingdom's financial services industry, which continues a notable history of being based in the City.
The term London now refers to a much larger conurbation roughly corresponding to Greater London, a local government area which includes 32 London boroughs including the City of Westminster as well as the City of London. The local authority for the City, the City of London Corporation, is unique in the United Kingdom, and has some unusual responsibilities for a local authority in Britain, such as being the police authority for the City. It also has responsibilities and ownerships beyond the City's boundaries. The Corporation is headed by the Lord Mayor of the City of London, an office separate from (and much older than) the Mayor of London.
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Cleethorpes
Coordinates: 53°33′12″N 0°01′18″W / 53.5533°N 0.02155°W / 53.5533; -0.02155
Cleethorpes is a town and unparished area in North East Lincolnshire, England, situated on the estuary of the Humber. It has a population of 31,853 and is a seaside resort.
The name "Cleethorpes" is thought to come from joining the words "clee", an old word for clay, and "thorpes", an Old English/Old Norse word for villages, and is of comparatively modern origin. Before becoming a unified town, Cleethorpes was made up of three small villages, or "thorpes": Itterby, Oole and Thrunscoe, which were part of a wider parish called Clee (not to be confused with Old Clee).
While there are neolithic and Bronze Age remains in the area, permanent occupation appears to date from the 6th century, when the Danes arrived, with substantial communities only appearing in the 9th century.
The manor of Itterby was purchased in 1616 by the trustees of Peter Blundell's charity for the benefit of scholars and fellows at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge from Blundell's School, Tiverton. This is reflected in many of the street and park names in the area.
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Cleethorpes Pier
Cleethorpes Pier is a pleasure pier in the town of Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, England. It originally cost £8,000, which was largely financed by railway companies serving the cities of Sheffield and Manchester and the county of Lincolnshire. It was officially opened on August Bank Holiday Monday 1873.
1,200 feet (370 m) in length (to span the unusually large distance between low and high tide limits), the pier comprised a timber deck and pavilion (constructed in 1888), supported on iron piles. A section was, however, cut out of the pier during the Second World War to impede its use in any German invasion attempt.
The original pavilion was destroyed by fire in 1903 but in 1905 a new one was built, halfway along the pier, and also a cafeteria and shops at the entry from the promenade. The pavilion offered a venue for dances and concerts. Cleethorpes Borough Council assumed ownership of the pier in 1936, the year that the resort gained borough status.
A £50,000 investment in 1968 made the pavilion one of the most modern on the East Coast. As well as traditional summer shows, it housed wrestling, coin & stamp fares and dance festivals. However after a series of losses on the summer show, the council sold the pier in 1981 to Funworld of Skegness, who later themselves put the pier up for sale. The council declined an offer to buy back the pier, saying it would need a £200,000 reconstruction. Following this, nightclub owner Mark Meyer purchased the pier and, after an investment of £300,000, it reopened as 'Pier 39' (a modern nightclub) on 4 September 1985. Following developments included a shelter for those awaiting access to the night-club, and pier widening with new underneath piles distinct from the originals.[citation needed]
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Cogglesford Mill
Cogglesford Mill (sometimes referred to as Coggesford) is a Grade II listed working watermill in Sleaford, Lincolnshire. It is possibly the last working Sheriff's Mill in England. The mill sits to the north of Sleaford on banks of River Slea. There is archaeological evidence of a Saxon mill on the site and records in the Domesday book of later mills; the present redbrick structure dates to the late 18th century, with alterations from the 19th Century.
The ford from which the mill takes its name is where the Roman road now called Mareham Lane crossed the Slea. The original crossing, no longer extant, is a few hundred yards downstream of the mill, close to the current footbridge.
There were many other mills along the river at various times. During the construction of the Sleaford Navigation, in the 1790s, locks were provided at each of the mills to maintain the necessary head. After the navigation closed and as the locks fell into repair they were replaced by weirs, and the weir at Cogglesford is particularly elaborate, having to maintain the head of this still working mill.
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Coningsby
Coordinates: 53°06′18″N 0°10′31″W / 53.1051°N 0.1752°W / 53.1051; -0.1752
Coningsby ( /ˈkʌnɪŋzbɪ/) is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.
Taking its name from the Old Norse 'konungr' meaning 'King' with an Old Norse suffix 'by' meaning 'the settlement of' which gives Coningsby the meaning 'The Settlement of the King'. Coningsby lies 8 miles (13 km) south of Horncastle on the A153 Horncastle to Sleaford road, with the Lincolnshire Wolds to the west and the Fens to the east. The B1192 Kirton to Woodhall Spa road passes through the town. At its western end it meets the village of Tattershall, demarcated by the River Bain. A railway line once passed through the village which opened on 1 July 1913 and closed on 5 July 1970. The Coldham Road Industrial Estate now occupies the site of the Former Railway Station. The Line was officially known as 'The Kirkstead and Little Steeping Railway' though it was universally known by the local people and the railway workers as 'The New Line'.
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Corby Glen
Corby Glen is a village in southwest Lincolnshire, England.
The village of Corby Glen (grid reference TF0025) is in South Kesteven District in Lincolnshire. It lies mainly to the north of the A151, a former toll road, and to the east of the West Glen River, near where the Glen flows through a small graben in the Jurassic limestone.
Until the 1950s the name of the village was simply Corby, Lincs. However, in the nearby county of Northamptonshire another Corby had been greatly enlarged by the addition of a steel works and housing to match. Some confusion arose between the two Corbys, so British Railways consulted the villagers to choose an additional name to distinguish the two. The villagers chose "Glen" in reference to the western branch of the River Glen which flows through the village.
The Church of England parish church of Saint John the Evangelist dates in part from the 12th century and has a notable collection of 14th and 15th century murals. Corby Glen's other Christian congregations are the Roman Catholic church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and a Methodist chapel.
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Cornwall
Cornwall ( /ˈkɔrnwɔːl/ or /ˈkɔrnwəl/;Cornish: Kernow [ˈkɛrnɔʊ]; Latin: Cornubia or Cornuvia) is a unitary authority and ceremonial county of England, within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of 537,400 and covers an area of 3,563 km2 (1,376 sq mi). The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, and later (in the Iron Age) by Brythons with distinctive cultural relations to neighbouring Wales and Brittany. There is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. Cornwall was a division of the Dumnonii tribe—whose tribal centre was in the modern county of Devon—known as the Cornovii, separated from Wales after the Battle of Deorham, often coming into conflict with the expanding English kingdom of Wessex before King Athelstan in AD 936 set the boundary between English and Cornish at the Tamar. From the early Middle Ages, British language and culture was apparently shared by Brythons trading across both sides of the Channel, evidenced by the corresponding high medieval Breton kingdoms of Domnonee and Cornouaille and the Celtic Christianity common to both territories.
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County Durham
County Durham /ˈdʌrəm/ is a ceremonial county and (smaller) unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county (in its own unitary Borough) is the town of Darlington. The county has a mixture of mining and farming heritage, as well as a heavy railway industry, particularity in the southwest of the county in Darlington, Shildon and Stockton. Its economy was historically based on coal and iron mining. It is an area of regeneration and promoted as a tourist destination.
The ceremonial county borders Tyne and Wear, North Yorkshire and Northumberland forms part of the North East England region.
Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. The county is commonly known as County Durham but was officially named Durham until at least 1997. The structural change legislation in 2009, however, referred to the county of County Durham. The former postal county was known as "County Durham" to distinguish it from the post town of Durham. Durham is the only English county name to be prefixed with "County" in common usage - a practice more common in Ireland.
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Crowland
Coordinates: 52°40′36″N 0°10′08″W / 52.6768°N 0.1688°W / 52.6768; -0.1688
Crowland (modern usage) or Croyland (medieval era name and the one still in ecclesiastical use) is a small town in south Lincolnshire, England, positioned between Peterborough and Spalding, with two sites of historical interest.
From 1894 the parish, being the only part of the Peterborough Rural Sanitary District in Lincolnshire, formed its own Crowland Rural District. This was merged into Spalding Rural District under a County Review Order in the 1930s. It has formed part of the South Holland district since April 1974.
Crowland falls within the drainage area of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.
Crowland is nearer to the outskirts of Peterborough than Spalding, and (similar to other settlements of the Welland) is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the Lincolnshire boundary with the City of Peterborough. The main road is the A16, which provides connections with Spalding to the north and Peterborough to the south (via the A47). The east-west B1166 connects with Deeping St. James along the north side of the Welland to the west and Holbeach Drove to the east, and Thorney is accessed via the B1040 to the south-east.
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Crowland Abbey
Crowland Abbey (also spelled Croyland Abbey) is a Church of England parish church, formerly part of a Benedictine abbey church, in Crowland in the English county of Lincolnshire.
A monk named Guthlac came to what was then an island in the Fens to live the life of a hermit and he dwelt at Croyland between 699 and 714. Following in Guthlac’s footsteps, a monastic community came into being here in the 8th century. Croyland Abbey was dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin, Saint Bartholomew and Saint Guthlac. During the third quarter of the 10th century, Crowland came into the possession of the nobleman Turketul, a relative of Osketel, Archbishop of York. Turketul, a cleric, became abbot there and endowed the abbey with many estates. It is thought that, about this time, Crowland adopted the Benedictine rule.
In 1537, the abbot of Croyland wrote to Thomas Cromwell, sending him a gift of fish: "ryght mekely besechyng yow lordship favorablye to accepte the same fyshe, and to be gud and favorable lorde unto me and my pore house". Despite these representations, the abbey was dissolved in 1539. The monastic buildings, including the chancel, transepts and crossing of the church appear to have been demolished fairly promptly but the nave and aisles had been used as the parish church and continued in that role.
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Cumbria
Cumbria ( /ˈkʌmbriə/, locally [ˈkʊmbɾiə]) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local authority, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. Cumbria's largest settlement and county town is Carlisle and the only other major urban area is the town of Barrow-in-Furness on the south-western tip of the county. It consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a population of just under half a million. Cumbria is one of the most sparsely populated counties in the United Kingdom, with 73.4 people per km2 (190/sq mi). In comparison, the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness, in the south, has a population density over twelve times this at 921/km2 (2,385.3/sq mi).
Cumbria, the third largest ceremonial county in England by area, is bounded to the north by the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders, to the west by the Irish Sea, to the south by Lancashire, to the southeast by North Yorkshire, and to the east by County Durham and Northumberland.
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Danelaw
The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to be geographical. The areas that comprised the Danelaw are in northern and eastern England. The origins of the Danelaw arose from the Viking expansion of the 9th century, although the term was not used to describe a geographic area until the 11th century. With the increase in population and productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, "proceeded to plough and support themselves", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for the year 876.
Danelaw is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the English king, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878. In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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Devon
Coordinates: 50°42′N 3°48′W / 50.7°N 3.8°W / 50.7; -3.8
Devon ( /ˈdɛvən/) is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although it has never been officially "shired" and that use often indicates a traditional or historical context. Nowadays, "Devonshire" is mostly a demonym.
The county shares borders with Cornwall to the west and Dorset and Somerset to the east. Its southern coast abuts the English Channel and its northern coast the Bristol Channel and Celtic Sea. The name "Devon" derives from the ancient Dumnonia, which was home to the independent kingdom of Brythonic Celtic speaking people who inhabited this area of the southwestern peninsula of Britain continuously from through the Roman era until partial absorption into the English-speaking Kingdom of Wessex some time in the eighth or ninth century, with some emigration to the sister Kingdom of Domnonee in Brittany taking place.
Devon is the fourth largest of the English counties by area and has a population of 1,141,600 making it the 11th most populous. The county town is the cathedral city of Exeter. In addition to Devon County Council, the county contains two unitary authorities (independent from Devon County Council's control): the port city of Plymouth and Torbay, a conurbation of seaside resorts. Plymouth is also the largest city in Devon. Much of the county is rural (including national park) land, with a low population density by British standards. It contains Dartmoor 954 km2 (368 sq mi), the largest open space in southern England. It is the only English county to have two separate coastlines – a north and southern coastline.
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Diocese of Lincoln
The Diocese of Lincoln forms part of the Province of Canterbury in England. The present diocese covers the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire.
The diocese traces its roots in an unbroken line to the Diocese of Lindine (or Lindsey) founded in 678. The see of Lindsey was united with the bishopric of Dorchester in the early 11th century. The diocese was then the largest in England, extending from the River Thames to the Humber Estuary. In 1072, Bishop Remigius de Fécamp under William the Conqueror moved the see to Lincoln, although the Bishops of Lincoln retained significant landholdings within Oxfordshire. Because of this historic link, for a long time Banbury remained a peculier of the Bishop of Lincoln.
The dioceses of Oxford and Peterborough were created in 1541 out of parts of the diocese, which left the diocese with two disconnected fragments, north and south. In 1837 the southern part was transferred to other dioceses: Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire to the Diocese of Ely, Hertfordshire to the Diocese of Rochester and Buckinghamshire to the Diocese of Oxford. Also in 1837 the county of Leicestershire was transferred from Lincoln to Peterborough (and became the independent Diocese of Leicester in 1927).
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Dogdyke Engine
The Dogdyke Engine is a drainage engine near Tattershall, Lincolnshire, in England. 2,500 acres (1,012 ha) of land around Tattershall was authorised for drainage in 1796, and came under the control of the Witham Third District commissioners in 1844
The building dates to 1856 when a rotative beam engine was built to replace windmill style engines possibly dating to 1540 and draining land between the rivers Bain and Witham. The engine discharged into the River Witham, but has a long fetch from a drain parallel to the river called The Dogdyke engine drain originating just south of Kirkstead at a place called Parkbeck.
1856 is relatively late and Wheeler does say that the 1856 engine replaces one installed in 1841, but the location of that is unknown.
The building is a grade II listed ancient monument.
The steam engine is maintained by a preservation trust, and steamed on weekends throughout the summer. Although the Pinchbeck Engine is older, it can no longer be steamed. The preservation trust claim this is the oldest working steam drainage engine.
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Doncaster
Coordinates: 53°30′58″N 1°07′59″W / 53.516°N 1.133°W / 53.516; -1.133
Doncaster ( /ˈdɒŋkæstə/, /ˈdɒŋkəstə/ or /ˈdɒŋkɑːstə/,Old English: Donne ceaster) is a town in South Yorkshire, England, and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. The town is about 20 miles (32 km) from Sheffield and is popularly referred to as "Donny". Doncaster has an international airport, and in recent years its centre has undergone regeneration including the development of an Education City campus, currently the largest education investment of its kind in the UK. Doncaster has also recently extended the Frenchgate Centre, a shopping centre and transport interchange.
Over the few years the Doncaster Lakeside, which is home to the Doncaster Rovers ground has undergone major development. With the opening of the Lakeside Village, a major retail outlet with some 45 retail shops and restaurants, the area is becoming more attractive to tourists.
According to the 2001 census, the urban sub-area of Doncaster had a population of 67,977. Together with Bentley and Armthorpe, it forms an urban area with a population of 127,851. The wider metropolitan borough had a 2001 population of around 286,866 projected as nearly 297,000 for 2011.
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Donna Nook
Donna Nook is a point on the low-lying coast of Lincolnshire, England, north of the village of North Somercotes. The area is salt marsh, and is used by a number of Royal Air Force bases in Lincolnshire for bombing practice. The site was also made available to commercial organisations such as BMARC for firing tests. Wildlife seem to have become accustomed to regular aircraft bombing.[says who?]
The coastline is managed by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust as a nature reserve. The Grey Seal population return to breed from October to December every year. In 2007, the seal colony had its best breeding season on record, with about 1,194 pups born to the 3,500 resident grey seal colony. A double wooden fence was erected in 2007 to stop people touching the newborn pups.
The reserve, staffed by volunteer wardens, is accessible to the public. Media coverage of Donna Nook has led to a big increase in visitor numbers; it was visited by about 43,000 people in 2006. Surplus money collected through sales is used to further support the protection of seals.
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Dorset
Dorset (
/ˈdɔrsɨt/) (or archaically, Dorsetshire), is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The county town is Dorchester which is situated in the south. The Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch joined the county with the reorganisation of local government in 1974. The ceremonial county comprises the area covered by the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, together with the unitary authorities of Poole and Bournemouth. Dorset covers an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi); it borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. Around half of Dorset's population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
The county has a long history of human settlement and some notable archaeology, including the hill forts of Maiden Castle and Hod Hill. A large defensive ditch, Bokerley Dyke, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset for up to 150 years. In 1348 the black death came ashore at Melcombe Regis and spread throughout England, killing a third of the population. Dorset has seen much civil unrest: the first trade union was formed by farm labourers from Tolpuddle in 1834, the Glorious Revolution was instigated in an ice-house at Charborough Park, and the Duke of Monmouth and his rebels landed at Lyme Regis. During the English Civil War (1642–1651) angry yokels fought with Cromwell's forces near Shaftesbury. The naval base at Portland has had a pivotal role in the nation's defence for many years, and with Weymouth and Poole was one of the main embarkation points on D-Day.
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Dunston Pillar
Dunston Pillar is a grade II listed stone tower in Lincolnshire, England and a former 'land lighthouse'. It stands beside the A15 road approximately 10 km (6 mi) south of Lincoln near the junction of the B1178 (also known as Tower Lane), in the village of Dunston.
The original land lighthouse was commissioned by Sir Francis Dashwood (better known as the founder of the Knights of St. Francis, which became the Monks of Medmenham, later called a Hellfire Club) in 1751 as a gift to his wife Sarah (Ellys) Dashwood, who feared crossing the dark heath near her childhood home, Nocton. The purpose of the land lighthouse was to improve the safety of 18th century travellers crossing a particularly treacherous area of the county known for its many incidents of highway robbery (including a number believed to have been carried out by the notorious highwayman, Dick Turpin).
The structure originally stood 30 metres high (90 ft) with a large octagonal lantern on top of the tower. The lantern was regularly lit until 1788 and was used for the last time in 1808 by which time improvements in the local road network had effectively made it obsolete.
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East Anglia
East Anglia is a traditional name for a region of eastern England, named after an ancient Anglo-Saxon kingdom, the Kingdom of the East Angles. The Angles took their name from their homeland Angeln, in northern Germany. East Anglia initially consisted of Norfolk and Suffolk, but upon the marriage of the East Anglian princess Etheldreda, the Isle of Ely also became part of the kingdom. Formerly a standard statistical region, for administrative purposes East Anglia now forms part of the East of England government office region and is defined as a Level 2 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, comprising the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Cambridgeshire including the city of Peterborough unitary authority area.
The Kingdom of the East Angles, formed about the year 520 by the merging of the North and the South Folk (Angles who had settled in the former lands of the Iceni during the previous century) was one of the seven Anglo-Saxon heptarchy kingdoms (as defined in the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon). For a brief period following a victory over the rival kingdom of Northumbria around the year 616, East Anglia was the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, and its king Raedwald was Bretwalda (overlord of the Anglo-Saxons kingdoms). But this did not last: over the next forty years, East Anglia was defeated by the Mercians twice, and it continued to weaken relative to the other kingdoms until in 794, Offa of Mercia had its king Æthelberht killed and took control of the kingdom himself.
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East Lindsey
East Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England. The council is based in Manby near Louth, and other major settlements in the district include Alford, Spilsby, Mablethorpe, Skegness, Horncastle and Chapel St Leonards.
There is no overall control of the council, due to many independent councillors on the district council. The East Lindsey Independent Group has 19 councillors. The largest group is Conservative with 27, and, the next largest, Labour have 8 with four seats in Skegness, three in Louth and one in Mablethorpe. The leader of the council is the Conservative councillor for North Thoresby.
It has an area of 1,760 km², making it the fifth largest district in England. It was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from the south-eastern area of the former administrative county of Lindsey. It was a merger of the municipal borough of Louth along with Alford, Horncastle, Mablethorpe and Sutton, Skegness and Woodhall Spa urban districts, along with Horncastle Rural District, Louth Rural District and Spilsby Rural District.
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East Midlands
The East Midlands is one of the regions of England, consisting of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. It encompasses the combined area of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Rutland, Northamptonshire and most of Lincolnshire.
A looser definition of the East Midlands might also include the City of Peterborough (once part of Northamptonshire, but now Cambridgeshire), and North Lincolnshire.[citation needed]
The highest point in the region is Kinder Scout in the Peak District, at 2,088 ft (636 m). The centre of the East Midlands area lies roughly between Bingham and Bottesford. The geographical centre of England lies in Higham on the Hill in west Leicestershire, close to the boundary between the East and West Midlands. 88% of the land is rural, although agriculture accounts for less than three percent of the region's jobs. All of the coastline within the region falls within Lincolnshire.
The region is home to large quantities of limestone, and the East Midlands Oil Province. Charnwood Forest is noted for its abundant levels of volcanic rock, estimated to be approximately 600 million years old.
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.
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Forestry Commission
The Forestry Commission is a non-ministerial government department responsible for forestry in Great Britain. It was set up in 1919 to expand Britain's forests and woodland after depletion during the First World War. To do this the commission bought large amounts of former agricultural land, eventually becoming the largest land owner in Britain.
Over time the purpose of the Commission broadened to include many other activities beyond timber production. One major activity is scientific research, carried out at several designated "research forests" across Britain. Recreation is also important, with several outdoor activities being actively promoted. Protecting and improving biodiversity within Britain's forests are both part of the Forestry Commission's remit.
The Forestry Commission manages almost one million hectares of land in Great Britain, making it the country's biggest land manager. The majority of the land (60%) is in Scotland, 26% of the landholding is in England and the remainder in Wales. Some of Britain's best-loved and most spectacular landscapes are in its care. Activities carried out on the forest estate include maintenance and improvement of the natural environment and the provision of recreation, timber harvesting to supply domestic industry, regenerating brownfield and replanting of harvested areas.
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Gainsthorpe
Gainsthorpe is a deserted medieval village (DMV) site in a field which is part of the present Gainsthorpe Farm in Lincolnshire, England. The site is in Hibaldstow parish located on a minor road west of the A15 road, south of Hibaldstow and 5 miles south-west of Brigg.
It is now in the care of English Heritage. There is a small car park from where a footpath of about two hundred metres leads to the site. The typical medieval layout of sunken roads and raised rectangular tofts and crofts is clearly seen in the humps and hollows of the field.
Coordinates: 53°29′53″N 0°33′37″W / 53.49792°N 0.56031°W / 53.49792; -0.56031
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Gibraltar Point
Coordinates: 53°05′47″N 0°19′42″E / 53.09641°N 0.32838°E / 53.09641; 0.32838
Gibraltar Point National Nature Reserve is an area of approximately 4.3 km2 (1.7 sq mi) in Lincolnshire, England.
The reserve is owned by Lincolnshire County Council and East Lindsey District Council and is administered by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust. The reserve comprises two parallel ridges of sand dunes—the "east dunes" and the "west dunes"—separated by approximately half a kilometre of salt marsh; and an area on the seaward side with further salt marsh and sand, shingle and muddy beaches. The reserve extends for a distance of about 5 km (3 mi) along the coast, from the southern end of Skegness to the northern corner of The Wash (Gibraltar Point itself is at the southernmost tip, and marks the point where the North Sea coast turns southwest towards Boston). A golf course occupies much of the west dunes (the inland side) at the Skegness end of the area. Gibraltar Point is an area of coastal deposition—at the end of the 18th century the west dunes were by the shore, but they are now a kilometre inland.
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Gloucestershire
Gloucestershire (i/ˈɡlɒstərʃər/ GLOSS-tər-shər; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.
The county town is the city of Gloucester, and other principal towns include Cheltenham, Cirencester, Stroud, and Tewkesbury.
When considered as a ceremonial county, Gloucestershire borders the preserved county of Gwent in Wales (now Monmouthshire), and in England the ceremonial counties of Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire and Somerset. Ceremonially, it includes the area covered by the South Gloucestershire unitary authority.
According to a 2002 campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Gloucestershire is the Wild Daffodil.
Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century, though the areas of Winchcombe and the Forest of Dean were not added until the late 11th century. Gloucestershire originally included the then "small town" of Bristol. The "local" rural community moved to the port city, (as Bristol was to become) and Bristol's population growth accelerated during the industrial revolution. Bristol became part of the administrative County of Avon in 1974.
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Gosberton
Coordinates: 52°51′N 0°09′W / 52.85°N 0.15°W / 52.85; -0.15
Gosberton is a village and civil parish in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies 9 miles (14.5 km) south-west from Boston, 6 miles (9.7 km) north from Spalding and 8.5 miles (13.7 km) north-west from Holbeach. The parish includes the hamlets of Gosberton Clough and Gosberton Risegate. The population of Gosberton is about 2500.[citation needed]
The village was skirted by the A16 road but has been bypassed and sits on the crossroads of the B1397 (Dowsby to Boston road) and the A152 (Donington to Surfleet road). The Peterborough to Lincoln railway line passes across the B1397, at a level crossing in Risegate, and through the hamlet of Westhorpe further north. On this line, when known as the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Railway, was a railway station.[citation needed]
The parish church of Gosberton is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul, and is under the Diocese of Lincoln. Gosberton Clough's wooden church is dedicated to St Gilbert and St Hugh. These two churches and that at Quadring are in the same group, based in Gosberton.[citation needed]
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Grange de Lings
Coordinates: 53°17′00″N 0°31′12″W / 53.2834°N 0.520°W / 53.2834; -0.520
Grange de Lings is a civil parish in West Lindsey in north-west Lincolnshire.
Grange de Lings is often quoted as the address for the Lincolnshire Showground, just off the west of the A15, but the parish actually lies entirely east of the A15, and the Lincolnshire Showground is in the parish of North Carlton. The parish is sometimes hyphenated as Grange-de-Lings.
The north-western corner of the parish is at the A1500 junction with the A15, at a roundabout. The boundary follows Horncastle Lane eastwards where it neighbours Welton, to the north. At Dunholme, it follows southwards across the old runways of RAF Dunholme Lodge, of which the western end was in Grange de Lings. It briefly meets Scothern, and a small section of the parish extends between Scothern and Nettleham, to meet the A46, which it follows for around 200 metres. The boundary with Nettleham passes westwards, then south-west across Hall Lane, then meets Riseholme, where it follows a line due west to the A15 (Ermine Street), meeting South Carlton just south of the pylons across the A15. The western boundary of the parish is the A15, and just north of Watering Dyke Houses, it meets North Carlton at the perimeter fence of the Lincolnshire Showground (wholly outside the parish).
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Grantham
Coordinates: 52°55′05″N 0°38′17″W / 52.918°N 0.638°W / 52.918; -0.638
Grantham is a market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It bestrides the London to Edinburgh East Coast Main Line railway and the River Witham, and lies close to the A1 main north-south road.
Grantham is located approximately 26 miles (42 km) south of the city of Lincoln, and approximately 24 miles (39 km) east of the city of Nottingham. The resident population at the 2001 census was 34,592 in around 18,000 households, excluding the adjacent village of Great Gonerby. With the housing estates in Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without (around a population of 4,500), this figure would be around 42,000.[says who?]
The town is best known as the birthplace of former prime minister Margaret Thatcher, and the place where Isaac Newton went to school. It is close to an ancient Roman road, and was the scene of Oliver Cromwell's first advantage over Royalists during the English Civil War at Gonerby Moor.[citation needed] Grantham is also notable for having the first female police officers in the United Kingdom, in 1914, and producing the first running diesel engine in 1892, and the UK's first tractor in 1896.
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Grantham Museum
Grantham Museum is located at St Peter's Hill, Grantham, Lincolnshire, England in the building provided for it in 1926. The building also housed the public library, and was partly funded by the Carnegie UK Trust which was continuing Andrew Carnegie's project of building libraries across the United Kingdom. Grantham's library is now located in the Isaac Newton Centre, and the museum occupies the whole of the 1926 building.
The idea of a museum can be traced back to meetings of the Grantham Scientific society in the 1890s. The basis of the collection is material provided by Henry Preston, the first Curator and Founder, and 20th century additions have included material about Sir Isaac Newton, Edith Smith and Margaret Thatcher. There is also material about the Dambusters Raid. Current acquisitions policy concentrates only on local material.
Formerly run by Lincolnshire County Council, the museum closed to the public. It is currently being managed by the Grantham Community Heritage Association (GCHA), a charity formed in 2011 with the purpose of managing and re-opening the museum to the public. The charity is staging its re-opening in time for the Queen's Jubilee in June 2012.
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Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative division of England covering London. It was created in 1965 and spans the City of London and the 32 London boroughs. This territory has the same boundaries as the London Government Office Region and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GVA per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1,572 km2 (607 sq mi) and had a 2009 mid-year estimated population of 7,753,600. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
In addition to its administrative and statistical functions, Greater London (excluding the City of London) is one of the 48 ceremonial counties of England, and is under the Greater London Lieutenancy.
Instead of forming a single political unit, London is divided into the small, interior City of London and the much wider Greater London. This arrangement has come about because as the area of London grew and absorbed neighbouring settlements, a series of administrative reforms did not fully amalgamate the City of London with the metropolitan area, and its unique political structure was retained. Outside the limited boundaries of the old city, a variety of arrangements governed the wider area since 1855, culminating with the creation of the Greater London administrative area in 1965.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Grimsby
Coordinates: 53°33′34″N 0°04′05″W / 53.5595°N 0.0680°W / 53.5595; -0.0680
Grimsby (or archaically Great Grimsby) is a seaport on the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, England. It has been the administrative centre of the unitary authority area of North East Lincolnshire since 1996. According to legend, Grimsby was first founded by Grim, a Danish fisherman, 'By' means 'village' in Old Norse and modern Swedish and 'city' or 'town' in modern Danish and Norwegian.
The town was previously titled "Great Grimsby" to distinguish it from Little Grimsby, a village about 14 miles (22 km) to the south, near Louth. People from Grimsby are called Grimbarians.
The town itself has a population of 87,574. It is physically linked to the adjoining town of Cleethorpes, and 11,000 of its inhabitants live in the village of Scartho which was absorbed into Grimsby before laws on the green belt were put in place. All three areas come under the jurisdiction of the same council, North East Lincolnshire. It is close to the main terminus of the A180, which ends in Cleethorpes. 22 January is Great Grimsby Day.
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Grimsby Dock Tower
Grimsby Dock Tower is a hydraulic accumulator tower and a famous maritime landmark in Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire, England. It was completed on 27 March 1852 with the purpose of containing a 30,000 UK gallon (136 m³) hydraulic wrought iron reservoir at a height of 200 feet (61 m), to provide hydraulic power (rather than a supply of water) to the lock gates and cranes of Grimsby Docks. The extreme height of the tower was necessary to achieve sufficient pressure. Water towers for water supply purposes don't need anything approaching this height.
An outline of the development of different methods of supplying water under pressure for operating hydraulic appliances may be of assistance in setting the Grimsby Tower in its context. The first hydraulic operation was in 1846 when William Armstrong built a crane powered by water from the town mains at Newcastle. Further cranes followed but one major problem was the fluctuating pressure of water in the town mains. At Grimsby Docks, Armstrong decided that the hydraulic machinery (for cranes, lock gates and sluices) should have its own constant pressure supply, so the tower was built to carry a tank 200 feet (61 m) above the ground with a direct feed into the machinery. Small pumps topped up the tank as the hydraulic machinery drew off water. The tower system was brought into use in 1852 working the machinery of the lock gates, dry-docks and fifteen quayside cranes, and also to supply fresh water to ships and the dwelling houses on the dock premises. The water was obtained from a well, fifteen feet in diameter and forty-seven feet deep, with a boring of five inches in diameter to the chalk rock in the centre, situated near to where the Grimsby Evening Telegraph has its present offices. The well was also fed by seven borings of five inches in diameter, at intervals in a length of three hundred feet, which discharged into the well by a brick culvert three feet in diameter.
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Grimsthorpe Castle
Grimsthorpe Castle is a country house in Lincolnshire, England four miles (6 km) north-west of Bourne on the A151. It lies within a 3,000 acre (12 km²) park of rolling pastures, lakes, and woodland landscaped by Capability Brown. While Grimsthorpe is not a castle in the strict sense of the word, its character is massive and martial – the towers and outlying pavilions recalling the bastions of a great fortress in classical dress. Grimsthorpe has been the home of the de Eresby family since 1516. The present owner is Jane Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 28th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby, granddaughter of Nancy Astor, who died at Grimsthorpe in 1964.
The building was originally a small castle on the crest of a ridge on the road inland from the Lincolnshire fen edge towards the Great North Road. It is said to have been begun by Gilbert de Gant, Earl of Lincoln in the early 13th century. However, he was the first and last in this creation of the Earldom of Lincoln and he died in 1156. Gilbert's heyday was the peak time of castle building in England, during the Anarchy. It is quite possible that the castle was built around 1140. However, the tower at the south-east corner of the present building is usually said to have been part of the original castle and it is known as King John's Tower. The naming of King John's tower seems to have led to a misattribution of the castle's origin to his time.
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Gunby Hall
Gunby Hall is a country house in Gunby, near Spilsby, in Lincolnshire, England, reached by a half mile long private drive. The Estate comprises the 42 room Gunby Hall, listed Grade I, a fine Clocktower, listed Grade II* and a Carriage House and Stable Block which are listed Grade II. It was given to the National Trust in 1944 by the trustees of the Gunby Hall Estate: Lady Montgomery-Massingberd, Major Norman Leith-Hay-Clarke and Field Marshal Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd. together with its contents and approximately 1,500 acres of land.
"Gunby is on the edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, near Spilsby, some eight miles from Skegness and not far from Tennyson's home at Somersby. It was of Gunby that Tennyson wrote the lines a haunt of ancient peace."
The last notable resident owner was Lady Montgomery-Massingberd (1873–1963) born Diana Langton.
The house is built from red brick, and was constructed in 1700 for Sir William Massingberd. Many of the interiors of the house are wood panelled, and it has 8 acres of Victorian walled gardens, which contain traditional English flowers, fruits and vegetables. The Hall is a Grade 1 listed building. It was substantially extended in 1873 and again in 1898 with the addition of the North Wing and Clock Tower.
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Hampshire
Hampshire (i/ˈhæmpʃɪər/ or /ˈhæmpʃər/; abbreviated Hants) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the former capital city of England. Hampshire is the most populous ceremonial county in the United Kingdom and if excluding newly formed metropolitan counties such as the West Midlands, Hampshire would be the most populous county in the whole of the United Kingdom. Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. The ceremonial county borders Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, and West Sussex to the east. The southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and The Solent.
Hampshire is the largest county in South East England and the third largest shire county in the United Kingdom despite losing more land than any other English county during the Local Government Act 1972 boundary changes. At its greatest size in 1889, Hampshire was the fifth largest county in England. It now has an overall area of 3,700 square kilometres (1,400 sq mi), and measures approximately 86 kilometres (53 mi) east–west and 76 kilometres (47 mi) north–south.
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Harlaxton Manor
Coordinates: 52°52′50.56″N 0°40′16.67″W / 52.8807111°N 0.6712972°W / 52.8807111; -0.6712972
Harlaxton Manor, built in 1837, is a manor house in Harlaxton, Lincolnshire, England. Its architecture, which combines elements of Jacobean and Elizabethan styles with symmetrical Baroque massing, renders the mansion unique among surviving Jacobethan manors.
The manor is a popular location for filming. Exterior and interior shots have been featured in the films The Ruling Class, The Last Days of Patton, The Lady and the Highwayman, The Haunting, and The Young Visiters. More recently, the building was used as a site in the reality television series Australian Princess.
The manor currently serves as the University of Evansville's British campus.
Harlaxton is first recorded in the Domesday Book as Harleston.
The current mansion is the second Harlaxton Manor. The first was built on a different site during the 14th century and was used as a hunting lodge by John of Gaunt. By 1475, the de Ligne family had purchased the manor. The original house was deserted after 1780; it was inherited by Gregory Gregory, who had it torn down in 1857.
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Heckington
Coordinates: 52°58′55″N 0°18′14″W / 52.982°N 0.304°W / 52.982; -0.304
Heckington is a village and civil parish in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies between Sleaford and Swineshead Bridge, south of the A17 road. Heckington, with 1,491 households, is one of the largest villages in Lincolnshire.[citation needed]
Heckington Grade I listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St Andrew. It is of cruciform plan and in a complete Decorated style. The original 14th century church was acquired by Bardney Abbey in 1345, and subsequently a new chancel was built by vicar Richard de Potesgrave, chaplain to Edward III. Potesgrave's damaged effigy is within the church; other memorials include brasses to John Cawdron (d. 1438), and William Cawdron "baylyf of Hekington" and his two wives. The steeple is from 1360-70; it was rebuilt in 1888 as part of a restoration, after a previous church restoration of 1867. Over the south porch are the arms of Edward the Confessor, adopted by Richard II in 1380.
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Heckington Windmill
Heckington Windmill is the only 8-sailed tower windmill still standing in the United Kingdom with its sails intact.
Heckington is located about midway between Sleaford and Boston in Lincolnshire. The mill stands very close to Heckington railway station, hence its previous name of the Station Mill in the 19th century.
It was built in 1830 to plans by millwright Edward Ingeldew (who also built, among others, Wragby tower mill in 1831, Waltham Windmill in 1837, and the former Pickworth tower mill) for her first owner and founder Michael Hare of red brick, the outer walls being tarred (provided with a black bitumen paint in order to successfully keep moisture out), as a five-sailed windmill (very similar to Alford Windmill) with Sutton's single patent sails (15 feet tip-width and 12 feet heel-width) providing longitudinal shutters on both sides of the backs (36 feet in length). The mill has six storeys called "floors": ground floor, meal floor, stone (stage) floor, lower bin floor, upper bin floor (hoist floor), dust or cap floor.
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Herefordshire
Herefordshire ( /ˈhɛrɨfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herefs.) is a historic and ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG11) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire" NUTS 2 region. It also forms a unitary district known as the County of Herefordshire. It borders the English ceremonial counties of Shropshire to the north, Worcestershire to the east, Gloucestershire to the south-east, and the Welsh preserved counties of Gwent to the south-west and Powys to the west. Hereford is a cathedral city and is the county town; with a population of approximately 55,800 inhabitants it is also the largest settlement.
The county is one of the most rural and sparsely populated in England, with a population density of 82/km² (212/sq mi). The land use is predominantly agricultural and the county is well known for its fruit and cider production, and the Hereford cattle breed.
From 1974 to 1998, Herefordshire was part of the former non-metropolitan county of Hereford and Worcester.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Holbeach
Coordinates: 52°48′13″N 0°00′55″E / 52.8037°N 0.0154°E / 52.8037; 0.0154
Holbeach is a fenland market town with 6,457 residents in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies 8 miles (13 km) from Spalding; 17 miles (27 km) from Boston; 20 miles (32 km) from King's Lynn; 23 miles (37 km) from Peterborough; and 43 miles (69 km) by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515.
The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach.
A number of Roman and Romano-British pottery finds have been made in and about the town.[citation needed]
The town's market charter was awarded in 1252 to Thomas de Moulton, a local baron. All Saints' Church was built in the 14th century and incorporated parts of de Moulton's ruined castle[citation needed]. The associated All Saints' Hospital, for a warden and fifteen poor persons, was founded by Sir John of Kirton, in 1351. It had ceased to exist before the suppression of chantries and hospitals. The antiquarian William Stukeley reported that his father removed the ruins from the site now occupied by the Chequers Inn.
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Hubbards Hills
Hubbard's Hills is a public park near Louth, Lincolnshire, England dedicated to the memory of Annie Pahud.
Hubbard’s Hills is a glacial overspill channel formed as the last ice age ended about 40,000 years ago. A marginal lake of meltwater trapped between glacial ice sheet and the Lincolnshire Wolds poured over a chalk ridge and gouged a 125-foot-deep (38 m), steep-sided valley. The River Lud now meanders along the flat bottom of the valley.
Hubbard's Hills was donated to the town of Louth by the trustees of Auguste Alphonse Pahud, and opened to the public on 1 August 1907. Auguste Pahud was a Swiss who moved to Louth in 1875 to take up duties as a German and French teacher at the grammar school. He married a local girl, Annie, daughter of William and Maria Grant. They were wealthy farmers living at the manor in Withern about six miles south east of Louth.
Annie Pahud died in 1889 and Auguste never got over this, committing suicide in 1902. They were buried at Withern Church, but their gravestones were removed after it was declared redundant in July 1980. The church was sold as a private residence in 1983. Annie and Auguste's gravestones are still visible on the pathway beside what used to be the church.
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Humber
The Humber ( /ˈhʌmbər/) is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal River Ouse and the tidal River Trent. From here to the North Sea, it forms part of the boundary between the East Riding of Yorkshire on the north bank and North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire on the south bank. Although the Humber is an estuary from the point at which it is formed, many maps show it as the River Humber.
Below Trent Falls, the Humber passes the junction with the Market Weighton Canal on the north shore, the confluence of the River Ancholme on the south shore; between North Ferriby and South Ferriby and under the Humber Bridge; between Barton-upon-Humber on the south bank and Kingston upon Hull on the North bank (where the River Hull joins), then meets the North Sea between Cleethorpes on the Lincolnshire side and the long and thin (but rapidly changing) headland of Spurn Head to the North.
Ports on the Humber include Kingston upon Hull (better known as simply Hull), Grimsby, Immingham, New Holland and Killingholme. The estuary is navigable here for the largest of deep-sea vessels. Inland connections for smaller craft are extensive but currently only handle one quarter of the goods traffic handled in the Thames.
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Humberside Airport
Humberside Airport (IATA: HUY, ICAO: EGNJ) is situated at Kirmington in the Borough of North Lincolnshire, England, 10 NM (19 km; 12 mi) west of Grimsby and around 15 mi (24 km) from both Kingston upon Hull and Scunthorpe, on the A18. It is a small international airport, owned by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), the largest UK-owned airport group, which acquired Humberside Airport in 1999.
The airport faces competition for flights from East Midlands Airport (70 mi (110 km)), Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield (28 mi (45 km)) which opened in 2005 and Leeds Bradford International Airport (74 mi (119 km)); all of these airports offer a substantially wider range of scheduled flights than Humberside Airport, although Robin Hood Airport has also seen large reductions in holiday flights during the last 12 months. Passenger numbers at the airport peaked in the early to mid-2000s when the facility was used by around 500,000 passengers per year, however this had fallen to around 275,000 passengers in 2011. Cargo throughput at Humberside, however, reached record levels in 2011 at over 1,100 tonnes, around 10 times the level seen in 2005.
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Humberston
Coordinates: 53°31′41″N 0°01′30″W / 53.52807°N 0.02489°W / 53.52807; -0.02489
Humberston is a large village and civil parish to the south of Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, England (the boundary with Cleethorpes runs along North Sea Lane and Humberston Road). Its population at the 2001 census was 5,384. However, it is likely to have increased in the past 10 years.
The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Humberston and runs through Thorpe Park caravan site.[citation needed]
There is one comprehensive school in Humberston - 'The Humberston Academy', which was formerly known as 'The Humberston School' and 'The Humberston Maths and Computing College'. This school is situated on Humberston Avenue.[citation needed] One of the Primary schools in Humberston is 'Humberston Cloverfields Primay School', which is situated next the 'The Humberston Academy', with and entrance off Humberston Avenue and also a main entrance on St Thomas Close.
Humberston, or Humberstone as the village was known at first, takes its name from a large boulder, the Humber Stone, which was deposited on the site of the former Midfield Farm on the east side of the village during the last ice age.[citation needed] This boulder can still be seen at the entrance to the village library, near St Peters Church. The "e" at the end of the name was later dropped, to avoid confusion with other places of the same name i.e Humberstone in Leicestershire.
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Immingham
Coordinates: 53°36′50″N 0°13′06″W / 53.6139°N 0.2183°W / 53.6139; -0.2183
Immingham (sometimes known locally as Ming-Ming or simply Ming) is a town in the North East Lincolnshire unitary authority of England, located on the south bank of the Humber Estuary. It is six miles (10 km) north west of Grimsby.
Immingham is sandwiched between the A180 to the south and the A1173 (Manby Road and Kings Road) to the north, which is also the access road between both gates of the port. From the west, it has no direct link to the A180; access is via the A1173 towards Grimsby, or more conveniently via the Brocklesby Interchange and the A160 and through the petrochemical works at South Killingholme (in North Lincolnshire). The A1173 has a spur for the east gate of the docks - Queens Road. The B1210 carries traffic to the west of the town, from Stallingborough to Habrough.
The medieval village of Immingham is on the outskirts of the town to the north west near St Andrew's Church.
The north-west corner of the civil parish is at End End Farm, next to South Killingholme and North Lincolnshire. The boundary with Habrough crosses the A180 just west of both Luxmore (Total) service stations, named after Immingham's Luxmore Farm, just to the north on the B1210. The boundary passes to the west of the medieval village of Roxton, now part of Immingham. The south-west corner of the parish takes in the east of Roxton Wood, and borders Lincolnshire in the wood, extending as far south as New Beck Drain. Eastwards from Roxton Wood there is a boundary with Stallingborough. This boundary crosses the A180 just west of the A1173 junction and follows North Beck drain along the western edge of the Kiln Lane industrial estate, and is also the postcode boundary (DN41 and DN40), and meets the Humber just east of Cray Valley Chemicals (owned by Total).
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Ingoldmells
Coordinates: 53°11′31″N 0°20′08″E / 53.192047°N 0.33560943°E / 53.192047; 0.33560943
Ingoldmells is a coastal village, civil parish and resort in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, on the A52.
In terms of villages it is relatively large, and receives a lot of tourism yearly due its close position to Skegness. Most housing is found in the west of the village in large council complexes. The primary school is on Simpson Court Close by to the west is the village of Addlethorpe. There are fish and chip shops near the beach.
The parish church is a grade I listed building dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul and dating from 1200. The chancel was demolished in 1706 and it was restored in 1858 and 1892. The west tower dates from the 14th century, and the benches and font are 15th century. In the churchyard, the War Memorial is a grade II listed former churchyard cross and sundial dating from 1600 and restored in 1919.
During World War II, RAF Ingoldmells was a Chain Home Low radar station, providing low-altitude short-range warning, with a rotating antenna. RAF Stenigot on the Lincolnshire Wolds provided longer-range warning for the area. RAF Skendleby was the other Chain Home Low station in Lincolnshire near Skendleby, Spilsby.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Kent
Kent /ˈkɛnt/ is a county in South East England, and one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the Thames Estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent and the unitary borough of Medway. Kent has a nominal border with France halfway through the Channel Tunnel. Maidstone is its county town and historically Rochester and Canterbury have been accorded city status, though only the latter still holds it.
Kent's location between London and the continental Europe has led to its being in the front line of several conflicts, including the Battle of Britain during World War II. East Kent was known as Hell Fire Corner during the conflict. England has relied on the county's ports to provide warships through much of the past 800 years; the Cinque Ports in the 12th–14th centuries and Chatham Dockyard in the 16th–20th centuries were of particular importance to the country's security. France can be seen clearly in fine weather from Folkestone, and the iconic White Cliffs of Dover.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Kirton in Lindsey
Coordinates: 53°28′33″N 0°35′19″W / 53.4759°N 0.5887°W / 53.4759; -0.5887
Kirton-in-Lindsey, also abbreviated to Kirton Lindsey, is a small town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England.
The town was the home of Catherine Parr, the sixth wife of Henry VIII after she had been married to her first husband, Sir Edward Burgh. Edward's father, Sir Thomas Burgh, 1st Baron Burgh was a steward to the manor of the soke of Kirton-in-Lindsey. In October 1530, Sir Thomas secured a joint patent in survivorship with his son, Sir Edward Burgh, granting them a modest manor.
Historically part of the West Riding of the parts of Lindsey, in the county of Lincolnshire, Kirton became part of Glanford Brigg poor law union in the 19th century and thus ended up in Glanford Brigg Rural District from 1894 and then from 1974 to 1996 the Glanford district of Humberside. This became part of North Lincolnshire in 1996.
Kirton-in-Lindsey[1] is distinguished from another Kirton in Lincolnshire, Kirton in Holland. The 2001 Census recorded a total resident population of 2,694.[citation needed]
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Lincoln Castle
Lincoln Castle is a major castle constructed in Lincoln, England during the late 11th century by William the Conqueror on the site of a pre-existing Roman fortress. The castle is unusual in that it has two mottes. It is only one of two such castles in the country, the other being at Lewes in Sussex. Lincoln Castle remained in use as a prison and law court into modern times, and is one of the better preserved castles in England; the Crown Courts continue to this day. It is open to the public as a museum.
When William the Conqueror defeated Harold Godwinson and the English at The Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066, he continued to face resistance to his rule in the north of England. For a number of years, William's position was very insecure. In order to project his influence northwards to control the people of the Danelaw (an area traditionally under the control of Scandinavian settlers), he constructed a number of major castles in the north and midlands of England. It was at this time that the new king built major castles at Warwick, Nottingham and York. After gaining control of York, the Conqueror turned southwards and arrived at the Roman and Viking city of Lincoln.
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Lincoln Cathedral
Lincoln Cathedral (in full The Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Lincoln, or sometimes St. Mary's Cathedral) is a historic cathedral located in Lincoln in England and seat of the Bishop of Lincoln in the Church of England. Building commenced in 1088 and continued in several phases throughout the medieval period. It was reputedly the tallest building in the world for 249 years (1300–1549). The central spire collapsed in 1549 and was not rebuilt. It is highly regarded by architectural scholars; the eminent Victorian writer John Ruskin declared: "I have always held... that the cathedral of Lincoln is out and out the most precious piece of architecture in the British Isles and roughly speaking worth any two other cathedrals we have."
Remigius de Fécamp, the first bishop of Lincoln, moved the Episcopal seat there "some time between 1072 and 1092" About this, James Essex writes "Remigius ... laid the foundations of his Cathedral in 1088", and "it is probable that he, being a Norman, employed Norman masons to superintend the building ... though he could not complete the whole before his death."
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Lincolnshire
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
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Little Bytham
Coordinates: 52°45′00″N 0°30′04″W / 52.750030°N 0.501121°W / 52.750030; -0.501121
Little Bytham is a village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the on the B1176, 4 miles (6.4 km) south from Corby Glen and 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north from Stamford .
The East Coast Main Line railway cuts through the eastern side of the village over viaducts. On the edge of Little Bytham to the east is the West Glen River. Further east lie Witham on the Hill and Grimsthorpe Castle estate. To the west is Castle Bytham and, over the Rutland county boundary, is Clipsham. Careby is just to the south.
The village was formerly an important railway interchange.[citation needed]
The name 'Bytham' is first recorded in 1067 (as a monastery that rapidly translated to Vaudey Abbey), and comes from the Old English word bythme meaning Valley bottom, broad valley..
The church is a Grade I listed building. It is dedicated to two 6th-century French saints, St Medard and St Gildard (or Medardus and Gildardus); the dedication is unique in the UK. Virtually unknown in Britain, St Medard is still well-known in France, with at least 25 towns or villages named after him (as St Médard or St Méard). Gildard, thought to be his brother, is less well known. The village fête is held annually on or near St Medard's feast day, 8 June.
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M180 motorway
The M180 motorway is a short but major (25 miles (40 km)) motorway in England from junction 5 on the M18 motorway in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster to a point close to Humberside Airport some 5 miles (8 km) from the ports of Immingham and Grimsby and the east coast and provides access for major routes to Cleethorpes, Grimsby, Hull (via the Humber Bridge), Immingham, Lincoln, Scunthorpe and also provides major access for Humberside Airport and the Killingholme Oil Refineries. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E22 and is the main route along the south bank of the Humber Estuary. It is the longest motorway in the United Kingdom to carry a three digit number.
The motorway bypass around Brigg was discussed for many years, but the Flixborough explosion gave it more importance, and was built three years later in 1977 as the second section of the motorway. At this time the A15 ran through Hibaldstow and Redbourne to Brigg, and the junction with the motorway was at Castlethorpe Corner, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the current A15 junction on the line of the Roman Ermine Street. The initial, and somewhat diminutive section of the motorway was the short-lived A18(M) also known as the Tudworth Link, which connected the roundabout junction with the M18 to the A18/A614. The easterly A18(M) sliproad is still used, though the original roundabout at junction 1 has now been replaced by a bridge close to Tudworth Hall Farm. The last section to be built was the Trent viaduct, opened in October 1979 by Kenneth Clarke, despite being 43 weeks late on account of strikes and bad weather.
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Mablethorpe
Coordinates: 53°20′27″N 0°15′40″E / 53.3409°N 0.261°E / 53.3409; 0.261
Mablethorpe is a small seaside town in East Lindsey on the coast of Lincolnshire, England.
Several small caravan parks exist around Mablethorpe. The town is administered with Sutton-on-Sea and Trusthorpe, as the civil parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton. The former parish of Mablethorpe covers a rectangular area inland along the A1104 Alford Road towards Maltby le Marsh as far as the boundary between the LN12 and LN13 postcode at Grange Leisure Park where Earl's Bridge crosses West Bank. The southern boundary of the former parish follows the Trusthorpe Drains which are crossed at Bamber's Bridge on Mile Lane. Out towards Alford near Strubby was the former RAF Strubby, now called Strubby Airfield. To the north is the parish of Theddlethorpe St Helen, which is much bigger in geographic area than the former parish of Mablethorpe, extending up to the River Great Eau at Saltfleetby. The town is the eastern terminus of the A52. However, the town is best accessed via the A1104 and A16 through Alford. The A157 to Louth is the sixth bendiest road in the UK.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC), is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England. In 2011 it was third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, and the 23rd busiest airport in Europe. Manchester Airport is the largest outside the London region with over double the passengers of its nearest non-London rival, Edinburgh Airport.
The terminals are 7.5 NM (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south of Manchester city centre. It officially opened on 25 June 1938 and was initially known as Ringway Airport. During World War II, it was called RAF Ringway and from 1975 until 1986 Manchester International Airport. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), a holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. A Category 10 airport, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and a railway station. It is the only British airport other than London Heathrow to have two runways over 3,000 metres in length.
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Market Deeping
Coordinates: 52°40′39″N 0°19′02″W / 52.6776°N 0.3173°W / 52.6776; -0.3173
Market Deeping is a market town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, on the north bank of the River Welland and the A15 road.
The town's market has been held since at least 1220.[citation needed]
On 15 September 1995 Anne, Princess Royal visited the Manor House on Church Street, as Patron of SENSE (for deafblind people).[citation needed]
The £10 million 4 miles (6.4 km) long A15 and A16 bypass opened in July 1998, which incorporates a 2.5 miles (4 km) stretch of single and dual-carriageway. The A16 has now moved to the former A1073 from Crowland to Spalding, and the bypass became the A1175 in October 2011.
In 2007, at the behest of Whitehall, South Kesteven District Council was obliged to provide sites for travellers within South Kesteven; 19 sites were proposed, of which 5 were in or near Market Deeping. A public gathering in opposition to the sites was held on 11 July in Market Deeping town centre outside the council chambers. On 27 July 2007, opposition was expressed at a public meeting of 2,000 residents chaired by the local MP, John Hayes, who expressed his opposition to sites within The Deepings. Proposed sites in South Kesteven apart from The Deepings were in Bourne, Grantham and Stamford.[citation needed]
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Market Rasen
Coordinates: 53°23′14″N 0°20′08″W / 53.38713°N 0.33550°W / 53.38713; -0.33550
Market Rasen is a town and civil parish within the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the River Rase 13.8 miles (22 km) northeast of Lincoln, 18 miles (29 km) east of Gainsborough and 16.3 miles (26 km) southwest of Grimsby. According to the 2001 census, it has a population of 3,200.
Market Rasen is a small market town on the edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds. The town lies on the main road between Lincoln and Grimsby, the A46, and is also on National Cycle Route 1 (part of EuroVelo 12) of the National Cycle Network.
The town centre has a homogeneous 19th century red brick appearance of mainly Georgian and Victorian architecture, centred around an active market place dominated by a medieval church albeit much "restored" in the 19th century.
The town is known for its racecourse, as well as its rugby and golf clubs.
The River Rase flows through the town and can be crossed via Jameson Bridge, Caistor Road Bridge and Crane Bridge. The town apparently takes its name from the Anglo-Saxon version of this name, meaning "plank".
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Maud Foster Windmill
Maud Foster Windmill is a seven-storey, five sail windmill located by the Maud Foster Drain in Skirbeck, Boston, Lincolnshire, which she takes her name from. She is one of the largest operating windmills in England being 80 feet (24.38 m) tall to the cap ball.
One of the best sited and proportioned mills in Lincolnshire[citation needed], this beautiful tower mill was erected for Thomas and Isaac Reckitt in 1819 by the Hull millwrights Norman and Smithson to grind corn that was brought in by barge along the drain. The original drawings and accounts survive, telling us that it cost £1826-10s-6d, which was a large sum in those days. It shows just how far advanced millwrighting was in this area by 1819, with all-iron gearing, patent sails and a tall, well-proportioned, and untarred tower showing the fine masonry. In her heyday in the mid-19th-century five- and sixed-sailed windmills were not that rare and unusual as they are today.
Sold in 1835 the mill changed hands to various owners. In 1914 Alfred Ostler bought the mill and run her until 1942 when he gave up business and closed her down. She was preserved as a landmark in 1953, the last of more than a dozen mills in the town.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Minting
Coordinates: 53°14′42″N 0°13′12″W / 53.245040°N 0.220070°W / 53.245040; -0.220070
Minting is a small village and civil parish just off the A158 road, in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England.
Minting is one of the Thankful Villages that suffered no fatalities during the Great War of 1914 to 1918.
Minting Priory was located here. Today it is a small village that has a population of about 167 people. The pub, The Sebastopol Inn, is in the centre of the village.[citation needed]
Media related to Minting at Wikimedia Commons
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Mount Pleasant Mill
Mount Pleasant Mill is a windmill north of Kirton-in-Lindsey on the North Cliff Road in North Lincolnshire in the east of England (Yorkshire and the Humber).
It was built in 1875 for miller Edric Lansdall as a four-patent-sailed, slightly tapering four-storeyed tarred tower mill with onion-shaped cap and fantail on top of the remaining roundhouse of a previously erected post-mill. The junction between the former roundhouse wall of hand-made bricks and the newly superimposed tower made of machine-moulded bricks is almost indistinguishable. On the second floor, the stone floor, originally three pairs of millstones (two pairs of peak stones (grey stones or greys) and one pair of quartzite (French stone)) were driven, of which only one grey pair remained. This peak stone is cut from rock millstone grit quarried in the Peak District of southwest Yorkshire and northeast Derbyshire, England.
The mill has had a namesake windmill in Stockton-on-Tees, built around 1790 as a 8-storeyed four-sailed stage-windmill of ca. 80 ft height in reverse colours (white painted tower with black onion-shaped cap) and demolished around the late 1920s.
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Navenby
Coordinates: 53°06′36″N 0°31′26″W / 53.110°N 0.524°W / 53.110; -0.524
Navenby ( /ˈneɪvənbi/) is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. Lying 8.7 miles (14 km) south of Lincoln and 8.9 miles (14 km) north-northwest of Sleaford, Navenby has a population of 1,666 and is a dormitory village for Lincoln. It forms part of the North Kesteven local government district and, in March 2011, it was named as the 'Best Value Village' in England following a national survey.
A Bronze Age cemetery has been discovered in the village, as well as the remains of an Iron Age settlement. Historians also believe Navenby was a significant staging point on the Roman Ermine Street, as the Romans are reported to have maintained a small base or garrison in the village. Navenby became a market town after receiving a charter from Edward the Confessor in the 11th century. The charter was later renewed by William Rufus, Edward III and Richard II. When the market fell into disuse in the early 19th century, Navenby returned to being a village.
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New Waltham
Coordinates: 53°31′31″N 0°03′40″W / 53.525175°N 0.061009°W / 53.525175; -0.061009
New Waltham is a village and civil parish in North East Lincolnshire, England.
The village is located just south of Grimsby and Cleethorpes close to the A16 (Louth Road), and is situated between the villages of Waltham and Humberston. Previously part of Waltham parish, the parish of New Waltham was created in 1961. Its population at the 2001 census was 4,557.
The main road is Station Road / Humberston Avenue (B1219), which is named after the former station on the East Lincolnshire railway from Grimsby to Louth, which ran through the village. The boundary of North East Lincolnshire and East Lindsey is at the southern part of the village, near Enfield Primary School, and the Lincolnshire village of Holton le Clay is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) to the south. The B1219 and A16 meet at Toll Bar Roundabout.
The village has three schools: Enfield Primary School, New Waltham Primary School and the secondary school, Tollbar Business and Enterprise College, which is the largest in the region and between the village and Waltham.
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Norfolk
Norfolk ( /ˈnɔrfək/) is a low-lying county in the East of England. It has borders with Lincolnshire to the west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea coast and to the north-west the county is bordered by The Wash. The city of Norwich is the county town at Norfolk which is fifth largest ceremonial county in England, with an area of 5,371 km² (2,074 sq mi).
Of the 34 non-metropolitan English counties, Norfolk is the seventh most populous, with a population of 850,800 (mid 2008). However, as a largely rural county it has a low population density, 155 people per square kilometre (or 401 per square mile). Norfolk has about one-thirtieth the population density of central London, the tenth lowest density county in the country, with 38% of the county’s population living in the four major built up areas of Norwich (195,000), Great Yarmouth (67,000), King's Lynn (41,000) and Thetford (22,000).The Broads, a well known network of rivers and lakes, is located towards the county's east coast, bordering Suffolk. The area has the status of a National Park and is protected by the Broads Authority. Historical sites, such as those in the centre of Norwich, also contribute to tourism.
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Normanby Hall
Normanby Hall is a classic English mansion, located near the village of Burton-upon-Stather, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire.
The present Hall was built in 1825–30 to the designs of Robert Smirke for Sir Robert Sheffield (1786–1862), whose family had lived on the site since 1539. It replaced a previous 17th century building. The family moved out of Normanby Hall in 1963. The Hall is now in the care of the North Lincolnshire Council. The former 350 acre (1.4 km²) estate around the Hall is now a Country Park. Within it, there are a restored working Victorian walled garden, a farming museum, a stableyard, duck ponds, a deer sanctuary, a fishing lake, a miniature railway and broadleaf woodland.
Samantha Cameron, wife of the Conservative party leader and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, grew up on the Normanby Hall estate.
Hall front entrance
Hall side view
Miniature Railway station
Country Park broadleaf woodlands
Deer sanctuary
Old kennels
Coordinates: 53°38′16″N 0°39′35″W / 53.63778°N 0.65972°W / 53.63778; -0.65972
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North Hykeham
Coordinates: 53°10′55″N 0°35′06″W / 53.1819°N 0.5849°W / 53.1819; -0.5849
North Hykeham is administratively a town immediately south-south-west of Lincoln, in the county of Lincolnshire, England. Geographically it is part of the greater Lincoln urban sprawl, and comprises 4,915 dwellings. It was originally spelt "North Hyckham", and is commonly referred to as just 'Hykeham'.
Much of Hykeham developed during the middle of the 20th century but there has been evidence of settlement since Roman times.[citation needed] This is noted in the name of The Forum shopping plaza built in the 1960s.[citation needed]
Newark Road is built directly on top of the old Roman road, Fosse Way; it has been numbered as the A1434 road, though until December 1985 it was the A46. North of the road is Hykeham railway station on the Nottingham to Lincoln Line, which has only a few trains that stop each day. Further along Mill Lane to the south is South Hykeham.
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North Kesteven
North Kesteven is a local government district in the East Midlands. Just over 100 miles (160 km) north of London, it is east of Nottingham and south of Lincoln. North Kesteven is one of seven districts in Lincolnshire, England and is in the centre of the County. Its council, North Kesteven District Council, is based in Sleaford in the former offices of Kesteven County Council.
It was originally planned to have the council offices in Bracebridge Hall on Newark Road in Lincoln, then the base of North Kesteven Rural District. In November 1973, a decision was taken to base it in The Hoplands in Sleaford, the base of East Kesteven Rural District. In January 1974 it was realised that this building was far too small for the size needed, and the 81 rooms of Kesteven County Council's headquarters on East Road in Sleaford would suit the new council instead. The Hoplands has now been demolished for housing.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972. It was a merger of the previous urban district of Sleaford, along with East Kesteven Rural District and North Kesteven Rural District, all from the administrative county of Kesteven.
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North Lincolnshire
North Lincolnshire is a unitary authority area in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. For ceremonial purposes it is part of Lincolnshire. There are three significant towns: Scunthorpe (the administrative centre), Brigg and Barton-upon-Humber.
It is also home to the Haxey Hood, which is a traditional event which takes place in Haxey on 6 January in the afternoon and is a kind of large rugby football scrum where a leather tube (called the "hood") is pushed to 1 of 4 pubs, where it remains until next year's game.
The 846 km2 (327 sq mi) council area lies on the south side of the Humber estuary and consists mainly of agricultural land, including land on either side of the River Trent. It borders onto North East Lincolnshire, Lincolnshire, South Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire. The council's administrative base is at Pittwood House in Scunthorpe.
Before the creation of Humberside in 1974, it was part of Lincolnshire, becoming North Lincolnshire only in 1996, on the abolition of Humberside. Until 1 April 1996, the area had been part of Humberside. The district was formed by a merger of the boroughs of Glanford and Scunthorpe, and southern Boothferry.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northamptonshire
Coordinates: 52°17′N 0°50′W / 52.283°N 0.833°W / 52.283; -0.833
Northamptonshire ( /nɔrˈθæmptənʃər/ or /nɔrθˈhæmptənʃɪər/; archaically, the County of Northampton; abbreviated Northants. or N/hants) is a landlocked ceremonial county in the East Midlands region of England. Its population is 629,676 as at the 2001 census. It has boundaries with eight other ceremonial counties: Warwickshire to the west, Leicestershire and Rutland to the north, Cambridgeshire to the east, Bedfordshire to the south-east, Buckinghamshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the south-west and Lincolnshire to the north-east – England's shortest county boundary at 19 metres (21 yd). The county seat is Northampton. Other large population centres include Kettering, Corby, Wellingborough, Rushden and Daventry.
Northamptonshire's county flower is the cowslip[citation needed].
Much of Northamptonshire’s countryside appears to have remained somewhat intractable with regards to early human occupation, resulting in an apparently sparse population and relatively few finds from the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. In about 500 BC the Iron Age was introduced into the area by a continental people in the form of the Hallstatt culture, and over the next century a series of hill-forts were constructed at Arbury Camp, Rainsborough camp, Borough Hill, Castle Dykes, Guilsborough, Irthlingborough, and most notably of all, Hunsbury Hill. There are two more possible hill-forts at Arbury Hill (Badby) and Thenford.
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Northern England
Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North or the North Country, is a cultural region of England. It is not an official government region, but rather an informal amalgamation of counties. The southern extent of the region is roughly the River Trent, while the North is bordered by Scotland.
Northern England comprises three regions of England - the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. The counties of Northern England combined have a population of around 14.5 million covering an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi).
During antiquity most of the area was part of Brigantia — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred around Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952.
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Northumberland
Northumberland ( /nɔrˈθʌmbərlənd/; abbreviated Northumb. or Northd, the latter being preferred by the Royal Mail) is the northernmost ceremonial county and a unitary district in North East England. It borders Cumbria to the west, County Durham to the south and Tyne and Wear to the south east and the Scottish Borders council area to the north. Its North Sea coastline is a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty with a 64 mile (103 km) long distance path. Since 1981, the county council has been located in Morpeth, situated in the east of the county.
The historical boundaries of the county of Northumberland included Newcastle upon Tyne, the traditional county town, as well as Tynemouth and other settlements in North Tyneside, all areas transferred to Tyne and Wear in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The historical county boundaries are sometimes taken to exclude Islandshire, Bedlingtonshire and Norhamshire (collectively North Durham), exclaves of County Durham which were incorporated into Northumberland in 1844. For Eurostat purposes Northumberland is a NUTS 3 region (code UKC21) and is one of three local authority areas that comprise the "Northumberland and Tyne and Wear" NUTS 2 region.
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Norwich
Norwich (i/ˈnɒrɪdʒ/ NORR-ij, (also /ˈnɒrɪtʃ/ NORR-ich) is a city on the River Wensum in England. It is the regional administrative centre and county town of Norfolk. During the 11th century, Norwich was the largest city in England after London, and one of the most important places in the kingdom. Until the Industrial Revolution, Norwich was the capital of England's most populous county and vied with Bristol as England's second city.
The urban area of Norwich has a population of 194,839. This area extends beyond the city boundary, with extensive suburban areas on the western, northern and eastern sides, including Costessey, Hellesdon, Bowthorpe, Old Catton, Sprowston and Thorpe St Andrew. The parliamentary seats cross over into adjacent local government districts. 135,800 (2008 est.) people live in the City of Norwich and the population of the Norwich Travel to Work Area (i.e. the area of Norwich in which most people both live and work) is 367,035 (the 1991 figure was 351,340)[citation needed]. Norwich is the fourth most densely populated local government district within the East of England with 3,480 people per square kilometre (8,993 per square mile).
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( /ˈɒksfərdʃər/ or /ˈɒksfərdʃɪər/; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the South East region of England, bordering on Warwickshire and Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the southwest) and Gloucestershire (to the west).
The county has major education and tourist industries. The area is noted for the concentration of performance motorsport companies and facilities. Oxford University Press is the largest firm among a concentration of print and publishing firms; the University of Oxford is also linked to the concentration of local biotechnology companies.
The main centre of population is the city of Oxford. Other significant settlements are Banbury, Bicester, Kidlington, and Chipping Norton to the north of Oxford; Witney to the west; Thame and Chinnor to the east; and Abingdon, Wantage, Didcot, Wallingford and Henley-on-Thames to the south. Future population growth in the county is hoped[clarification needed] to be concentrated around Oxford, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot and Witney, near the South Midlands growth area.
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Pinchbeck Engine
The Pinchbeck Engine is a drainage engine, a rotative beam engine built in 1833 to drain Pinchbeck Marsh, to the north of Spalding, Lincolnshire, in England. The engine discharged into the Blue Gowt which joins the River Glen at Surfleet Seas End.
In 1952 the engine was rendered obsolete by modern electric pumps, and stood forgotten until being opened to the public as a museum in 1979. The coal store was cleared and now houses the associated Museum of Land Drainage. The museum complex includes the blacksmith's shop, still in its original condition. The museum is operated by the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board, successors to the commissioners who erected the engine. The buildings are Grade II listed and also a Scheduled Ancient Monument.
The Chimmey was demolished in 1952, and no actions were taken to preserve the boiler, which is no longer in a fit state to be used. The engine is a static exhibit, which can be rotated by an electric motor for demonstration purposes.
The engine is a 20 horsepower (15 kW) condensing steam engine with an overhead beam supported by an 'A'-frame. It was built by the Butterley Company of Leeds. It has a single cylinder of 35 inches (89 cm) bore and 56 inches (1.42 m) stroke. The flywheel is 18 feet 6 inches (5.64 m) in diameter. The engine ran at up to 30 rpm.
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Portugal
Portugali/ˈpɔrtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula . Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are part of Portugal. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale.
The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times: occupied by Celts like the Gallaeci and the Lusitanians, integrated into the Roman Republic and later settled by Germanic peoples such as the Suebi, Swabians, Vandals and the Visigoths. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, which were later expelled by the Knights Templar under the Order of Christ. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation state.
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RAF Scampton
Royal Air Force Scampton is an operational Royal Air Force station located adjacent to the A15 road, near to the village of Scampton, Lincolnshire and six miles (9.7 kiliometres) north west of county town Lincoln in England.
RAF Scampton stands on the site of a First World War Royal Flying Corps landing field, originally called Brattleby. The station has remained in operation almost uninterrupted ever since and has provided a base for fighters in the First World War, bombers during the Second World War and V-force Avro Vulcans during the Cold War.
After a short period of closure in the 1990s Scampton reopened and is now home to the Royal Air Force Aerobatic Team, otherwise known as the Red Arrows, who are expected to remain on site until 2014.
Home Defence Flight Station Brattleby (also known as Brattleby Cliff) was opened on the site of the current RAF Scampton in late 1916. The first operational unit was A Flight, 33 Sqn RFC, which flew FE2bs defending against the Zeppelin threat. The site then developed into a training aerodrome, supporting No. 60 Training Sqn, followed by No. 81 and No. 11 Training Sqns, flying the Sopwith Camel, Pup and Dolphin. The station was renamed as Scampton in 1917. It was closed in April 1919. The area was then returned to its previous owners and by 1920 all the buildings, including the hangars, had been removed.
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RAF Waddington
RAF Waddington (IATA: WTN, ICAO: EGXW) is a Royal Air Force station in Lincolnshire, England.
Waddington opened as a Royal Flying Corps flying training station in 1916 until 1920, when the station went into care and maintenance.
It reopened as a bomber base on 12 March 1937, with squadrons flying the Bristol Blenheim and later Handley Page Hampdens.
In November 1940 it was the first station to receive the Avro Manchester heavy bomber.
44 Sqn was the first in RAF Bomber Command to fly operationally with the Lancaster on 2 March 1942 from Waddington.
On 17 April 1942 at around 3pm, six Avro Lancasters from 44 Sqn left in daylight for the MAN diesel engine (for U-boats) factory at Augsburg in southern Germany (Bavaria). Four Lancasters were shot down and Squadron Leader John Dering Nettleton received a VC, piloting R5508. He survived due to the German fighters running out of fuel, and lack of daylight.
In the Cold War, RAF Waddington became an Avro Vulcan V-bomber bomber base, with 83 Sqn being the first in the RAF to receive the Vulcan in May 1957. It continued in this role until 1984 when the last Vulcan squadron, No. 50, disbanded. From 1968, the UK nuclear deterrent was transferred to Polaris submarines, starting with HMS Resolution.
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River Ancholme
The River Ancholme is a river in North Lincolnshire, England, and a tributary of the Humber estuary. It rises south of Bishopbridge (west of Market Rasen) and passes through many Lincolnshire villages and the market town of Brigg before flowing north into the Humber at South Ferriby.
North of Bishopbridge, where the River Rase joins the Ancholme, the river runs in two intertwining channels. In the town of Brigg, the river splits into two, the 'Old River Ancholme', which maintains its natural course through the centre of the town, and the man-made 'New River Ancholme' which flows almost straight through some of the former industrial areas of the town. The two rivers create an 'island' in the centre of Brigg, known as 'Island Carr'.
Today the river is mostly used for recreation, with over 600 boats registered. Responsibility for navigation rests with the Environment Agency. The river is large enough to support small barges, and medium-large cabin cruisers. The river is also extremely popular with rowing, kayak and canoe clubs, with 2 nationally known clubs being based in Brigg. The Ancholme Rowing Club is the Rowing Club on the Ancholme, based in Brigg. The waterway is managed by the Environment Agency, which requires all vessels on the Ancholme to be registered and in possession of an up to date licence.
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Rutland
Coordinates: 52°39′20.00″N 0°39′30.00″W / 52.65556°N 0.65833°W / 52.65556; -0.65833
Rutland ( /ˈrʌtlənd/) is a landlocked county in central England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire and southeast by Peterborough (a unitary authority ceremonially in Cambridgeshire) and Northamptonshire.
Its greatest length north to south is only 18 miles (29.0 km), greatest breadth east to west, 17 miles (27.4 km). It is the smallest (in terms of population) normal unitary authority in mainland England (only the City of London is smaller in terms of area), and is 348th of the 354 districts in terms of population. It is the smallest historic English county, leading to the adoption of the Latin motto Multum In Parvo or "much in little" by the county council in 1950. Among modern ceremonial counties the Isle of Wight, City of London and City of Bristol are all smaller. The former County of London, in existence 1889 to 1965, also had a smaller area.
The only towns in Rutland are Oakham, the county town, and Uppingham. At the centre of the county is the large artificial reservoir, Rutland Water, with a similar surface area to Windermere. It is an important nature reserve serving as an overwintering site for wildfowl and a breeding site for ospreys. The town of Stamford is just over the border in a protruding part of Lincolnshire.
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Salmonby
Coordinates: 53°14′29″N 0°00′54″W / 53.2414870°N 0.0148829°W / 53.2414870; -0.0148829
Salmonby is a village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north-east from Horncastle, 10 miles (16 km) south from Louth and 8 miles (13 km) north-west from Spilsby. Salmonby lies within the Lincolnshire Wolds, a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Tetford lies to the north-east and Somersby to the south.
The parish covers about 1,000 acres (4.0 km2), and contains a chalybeate spring, whose waters eventually join the Steeping River near Spilsby.
An upper palaeolithic core (a piece of flint which has been repeatedly used to flake material from, in order to make flint tools) was found near Salmonby. The core was in good condition and has much good quality usable material, suggesting[according to whom?] that it was probably lost rather than discarded, and has been dated at 50,000 - 10,000 years old.[citation needed] Only one other core of this type has ever been found.[where?] The area was a source of blue phosphate of iron and a great deal of iron oxide ore.[citation needed]
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Saltfleetby
Coordinates: 53°23′47″N 0°11′20″E / 53.396272°N 0.188776°E / 53.396272; 0.188776
Saltfleetby is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the coast of the North Sea, and is approximately 7 miles (11 km) east from Louth and 10 miles (16 km) north from Mablethorpe. The village had a population of 599 at the 2001 Census.
Until 1999 the village comprised three parishes, Saltfleetby St Peter, Saltfleetby All Saints and Saltfleetby St Clement, each one centered around the church that gave it its name. However, the village has operated as one entity for many years.[vague] The hamlet of Three Bridges lies to the south of Saltfleetby St Peter.
A section of the village seashore is part of the Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes National Nature Reserve, which comprises sea dunes and both saltwater and freshwater marshes. The reserve is one of only five locations in the UK where the natterjack toad can be found.[citation needed]
Saltfleetby Gas Field, situated at the far north of North End Lane, is part of the neighbouring village of South Cockerington.
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Saxilby
Coordinates: 53°16′17″N 0°39′22″W / 53.271434°N 0.655977°W / 53.271434; -0.655977
Saxilby is a large village in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England, about 6 miles (9.7 km) north-west from Lincoln, on the A57 road at the junction of the B1241. It is part of the civil parish of Saxilby and Ingleby, which includes the village of Ingleby. Other nearby villages are Broadholme, Burton, Broxholme, Drinsey Nook and Hardwick. The population of the civil parish in 2001 was 3,679.
The village lies on the north bank of the Roman Fossdyke Navigation; there are remains of a Roman camp just outside the village. The name is of Viking origin, Saksulfr+by, or "farmstead of a man called Saksulfr" and it appears as "Saxebi" in the Domesday Book (1086).[citation needed] In archived documents the village is often referred to as "Saxelby", with the current spelling of Saxilby only being found in common use from the late 19th century onwards.[citation needed]
Saxilby has a 12th-century church dedicated to Saint Botolph, and buildings from the 15th century (Saxilby Old Hall) and 16th century (manor house).[citation needed]
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Scartho
Coordinates: 53°32′24″N 0°05′33″W / 53.53992°N 0.09257°W / 53.53992; -0.09257
Scartho is a suburb located in the southern part of Grimsby, England, in the county of North East Lincolnshire. with a population of around 11,000. Up until the end of the Second World War it was a village; subsequent post-war expansion on the greenfield areas between Scartho and Grimsby has resulted in the village becoming a suburb. Its population has been boosted due to recent urban developments such as the one at Scartho Top.
Like 'Grimsby' the etymology of the word Scartho can be traced back to having Old Norse origin, more than likely due to the ancestry of the surrounding area. It is believed that the name is a mutation of the words Skarth and haugr meaning 'gap' and 'mound' respectively. Alternatively, but less likely, there is a theory that it comes from the Old Norse skafr and cormorant, roughly translated as 'cormorant mound/hill'.[citation needed]
Although Anglo Saxon in origin, the earliest recorded reference to Scartho was in the Domesday Book in 1086. The Church of 1086, which incorporated Saxon work said to date from 1042, is substantially the same today,[says who?] although with more recent extensions. The tower was probably completed in the early 11th century.[citation needed] The church is dedicated to Saint Giles.
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Scunthorpe
Coordinates: 53°34′51″N 0°39′01″W / 53.5809°N 0.6502°W / 53.5809; -0.6502
Scunthorpe is a town in North Lincolnshire, England. It is the administrative centre of the North Lincolnshire unitary authority, and had an estimated total resident population of 72,514 in 2010. A predominantly industrial town, Scunthorpe, the United Kingdom's largest steel processing centre, is also known as the "Industrial Garden Town". It is the third largest settlement in Lincolnshire after Grimsby and Lincoln.
The town appears in the Domesday Book (1086) as Escumetorp, which is Old Norse for "Skuma's homestead", a site which is believed to be in the town centre close to where the present-day Market Hill is located.
Scunthorpe was close to the epicentre (this was centred at Ludford, near Louth) of one of the largest earthquakes experienced in the British Isles on 27 February 2008, with a magnitude of 5.2. Significant shocks were felt in Scunthorpe and the surrounding North Lincolnshire area. The main 10-second quake, which struck at 00:56 GMT at a depth of 9.6 mi (15.4 km), was the biggest recorded example since one with a magnitude of 5.4 struck north Wales in 1984.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Sibsey
Coordinates: 53°02′14″N 0°00′59″E / 53.0371370°N 0.01627162°E / 53.0371370; 0.01627162
Sibsey is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated at the junction of the A16 and B1184 roads, 4 miles (6.4 km) north from Boston. Sibsey Northlands is to the north of the village. The Prime Meridian passes just to the west of Sibsey, crossing the Stone Bridge Drain canal. At the 2001 census, Sibsey had a population of 1,996.
Set in the fens of Lincolnshire, Sibsey is a focus of the farming community. The village is surrounded by farmland. The village won an award for best-kept village in 1989. The village has a village hall, a post office with shop, and a public house, The White Hart, on Main Road. Although the postal address for residences includes nearby Boston, it is not in that borough.
Sibsey's most prominent feature is the grade I listed and scheduledSibsey Trader Mill. This six-storey windmill, which was built to replace an earlier post mill, has six sails and was completed in 1877 by Sanderson and Son of Louth. In 1954 it ceased working under wind-power, and fell into disuse. It was restored to working order with engine-driven mill stones in 1981, and is under the guardianship of English Heritage. It is still in operation.
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Skegness
Coordinates: 53°08′N 0°20′E / 53.14°N 0.34°E / 53.14; 0.34
Skegness is a seaside town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. Located on the Lincolnshire coast of the North Sea, 43 miles (69 km) east of the city of Lincoln it has a total resident population of 18,910.
The first Butlins holiday resort was opened in Skegness in 1936. Partially owing to this, the resort is one of the better known seaside resorts in the United Kingdom.
Longshore drift carries particles of sediment southwards along the Lincolnshire coast but at Skegness, the sand settles out in banks (tombolos) which run at a slight angle to the coast forming the beard. The slightly elevated dune land sheltered the small natural harbour which the Danes found behind the banks. The finer sediment drifts on to find a home in the mud of The Wash, beyond Gibraltar Point.
The civil parish extends westwards along the A158 to the west side of the South View Hotel, and the boundary follows North Drain, bodering with Burgh le Marsh. Just north of Mill Hill, it borders with Addlethorpe, passing to the west of Ash Tree Farm, the airfield and Skegness Water Leisure Park. At the north end of the leisure park it borders with Ingoldmells, and the boundary follows to the south of Wall's Lane. The boundary crosses the A52 at a subway across the road, just south of the Butlins camp.
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Skegness Stadium
Skegness Stadium is a short circuit tarmac oval racing circuit, located just outside Skegness. It hosts British stock car racing throughout the year, alongside special events such as truck racing, stunt shows, firework displays and caravan racing. Speedway racing was first staged at the stadium in 1997.
Coordinates: 53°11′12″N 0°16′58″E / 53.18657°N 0.28283°E / 53.18657; 0.28283
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Sleaford
Coordinates: 52°59′46″N 0°24′47″W / 52.996°N 0.413°W / 52.996; -0.413
Sleaford is a town in the North Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It is located 13 miles (21 km) north-east of Grantham, 17 miles (27 km) west of Boston, and 19 miles (30 km) south of Lincoln, and had a total resident population of around 14,500 in 6,167 households at the time of the 2001 census.
The name Sleaford is from the Old English esla+forde, meaning "ford over a muddy stream" (now known as the River Slea). In 852 the name first appears as Slioford whilst in the 1086 Domesday book it is recorded as Eslaforde'. The river was the main trade route for the town for many years. In 1794, the Slea was canalised; known as the Sleaford Navigation, it operated until superseded by the railways in the mid 1850s.
Until recently, Sleaford was primarily an agricultural town, supporting a cattle market and seed companies such as Hubbard and Phillips, and Sharpes International Seeds. More recently, Sleaford is developing as a tourist and craft destination.
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Snipe Dales
Snipe Dales Country Park and Nature Reserve is a protected park in the heart of the Lincolnshire Wolds, and AONB, located just south of Hagworthingham and about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of Horncastle. It is one of the few remaining examples of what the Wolds used to be like with its razed heathland in the western half and a more un-natural mostly coniferous woodland in the eastern half. It is located in one main steep sided valley containing within it many small streams, sourced from springs, that all flow into one that then becomes a tributary to the River Lymn.
The park is 220 acres (0.89 km2) in total of which 90 is woodland previously owned by the Forestry Commission and now by the Lincolnshire Wildlife Trust. Lincolnshire County Council own the nature reserve and both work together to maintain the park with the help from two full time wardens and many volunteers. Car parking now costs 75 pence and access is only on foot or wheelchair, bicycles and horses being disallowed. Dogs are permitted to roam free in the wooded area but are not allowed in the reserve. Snipe dales also intersects the Prime Meridian, and a plaque is placed upon the point where it intersects.
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Somerset
The ceremonial and non-metropolitan county of Somerset (i/ˈsʌmərsɛt/ or /ˈsʌmərsɨt/) in South West England borders Bristol and Gloucestershire to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east, and Devon to the south-west. It is partly bounded to the north and west by the Bristol Channel and the estuary of the River Severn. Its traditional northern border is the River Avon, but the administrative boundary has crept southwards with the creation and expansion of the City of Bristol, and latterly the county of Avon and its successor unitary authorities to the north. Somerset's county town, Taunton, is in the south.
Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Palaeolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. The county played a significant part in the consolidation of power and rise of King Alfred the Great, and later in the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion.
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Somerton Castle
Somerton Castle is located approximately one mile west of the hamlet of Boothby Graffoe in Lincolnshire, England.
Inherited from his mother, the castle was rebuilt in the latter part of the 13th century by Antony Bek, then Bishop of Durham, who was granted a licence to crenellate in 1281. In 1309 Bek gave the castle as a gift to King Edward II.
The property and estate were later bought by the notable Lincolnshire and Sussex landowners, Marfleet Battle in 1812, from Sir Montague Cholmondeley, Baronet. The property and estate later passed on to several of the family's descendants.
King John II of France was imprisoned at Somerton Castle between 1359 and 1360, having been take prisoner after the Battle of Poitiers.
Some prominent and visible earthworks still enclose the site, including parts of the moat. What remains of the castle walls are incorporated into the present farmhouse. The castle has been recognised as an important building and has been classified as a Grade I listed building.
Coordinates: 53°07′01″N 0°34′30″W / 53.117°N 0.575°W / 53.117; -0.575
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South Kesteven
South Kesteven is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England, forming part of the traditional Kesteven division of the county. It covers Grantham, Stamford, Bourne and Market Deeping.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Grantham and Stamford, along with Bourne Urban district, South Kesteven Rural District and West Kesteven Rural District. Previously the district was run by Kesteven County Council, based in Sleaford.
In the discussions around 1972 that split off the north of Lindsey, to become South Humberside, there were also radical plans to split off the south of Kesteven to make a county based on Peterborough. Neighbouring Rutland would have also joined, but instead was consumed by Leicestershire.
South Kesteven borders North Kesteven to the north, as far east as Horbling, where the A52 crosses the South Forty-Foot Drain. From there south it borders South Holland along the South Forty-Foot Drain, crossing the A151 just west of Guthram Gowt. The border follows the River Glen near to Tongue End where at Baston, the boundary crosses north-south over Baston and Langtoft fens. It crosses the A16 at the B1525 junction (the end of the Deepings bypass), then meets the Welland about two miles west of Crowland at a point called Kennulph's Stone. The parish of Deeping St. James is the south-east corner of the district, where the district borders the unitary authority of City of Peterborough. The boundary follows the Welland to Stamford, briefly following the B1443 (Barnack Road) where it skirts the edge of Burghley Park.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield. South Yorkshire was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Lying on the east side of the Pennines, South Yorkshire is landlocked, and borders Derbyshire (to the south-west), West Yorkshire (to the northwest), North Yorkshire (to the north), the East Riding of Yorkshire (to the northeast), Lincolnshire (to the east) and Nottinghamshire (to the southeast). The Sheffield Urban Area is the ninth most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the western half of South Yorkshire with over half of the county's population living within it.
South Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authority areas; however, the metropolitan county, which is some 1,552 square kilometres (599 sq mi), continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference. As a ceremonial county, South Yorkshire has a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff.
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Spilsby
Coordinates: 53°10′22″N 0°05′35″E / 53.17270°N 0.09310°E / 53.17270; 0.09310
Spilsby is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The town is situated adjacent to the main A16 Trunk Road, 33 miles (53 km) east from the county town of Lincoln, 17 miles (27 km) north-east from Boston and 13 miles (21 km) north-west from Skegness. It lies at the southern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds and north of the Fenlands.
The town has been a rural market town for more than 700 years. It has changed little in size since the beginning of the 19th century. The town centre includes a range of small supermarkets, banks, traditional newsagents, baker, butchers, jewellers and clothing stores, together with public houses, cafes and ethnic fast-food takeaways.
At the centre of town is an open square or traditional market place, from which the four main town streets radiate. Markets take place on a Monday. As Spilsby is located within a predominantly agricultural area, much of the market produce consists of locally grown vegetables and meat.
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Staffordshire
Staffordshire (/ˈstæfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈstæfərdʃaɪər/; abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. Part of the National Forest lies within its borders. It adjoins the ceremonial counties of Cheshire (to the north west), Derbyshire (to the east), Leicestershire (to the east), Warwickshire (to the south east), West Midlands (to the south), Worcestershire (to the south), and Shropshire (to the west).
The largest city in Staffordshire is Stoke-on-Trent, which is administered separately from the rest of the county as an independent unitary authority. Lichfield also has city status, although this is a considerably smaller cathedral city. Major towns include Stafford (the county town), Burton upon Trent, Cannock, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Leek and Tamworth.
Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Bromwich and Smethwick were also in Staffordshire until local government reorganisation in 1974, but are now within the West Midlands County in the West Midlands Conurbation.
With the exception of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire is divided into the districts of Cannock Chase, East Staffordshire, Lichfield, Newcastle-under-Lyme, South Staffordshire, Stafford, Staffordshire Moorlands, and Tamworth.
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Stamford Museum
Stamford Museum was located in Stamford, Lincolnshire in Great Britain. It was housed in a Victorian building in Broad Street, Stamford and was run by the museum services of Lincolnshire County Council from 1980 to 2011.
The building was built in 1895 as a technical school and has the words School of Art and the town crest carved above its doorway. It is built from oolitic limestone and designed by local architect, John Charles Traylen. The museum moved to these premises in 1980, having originally been located in the library on High Street.
Stamford was declared England's first Conservation Area in 1967. The town has been here since Anglo-Saxon and Viking times. Five medieval churches, a 15th century almshouse as well as many other historic buildings remain.
The museum interpreted the town's history, including Stamford Ware Pottery and the eighteenth century Daniel Lambert, renowned for his girth. Notable exhibits included a Blackstone oil engine and the only known fragment of the Stamford Eleanor Cross.
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Suffolk
Suffolk ( /ˈsʌfək/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in East Anglia, England. It has borders with Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south. The North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowestoft, Bury St Edmunds and Felixstowe, one of the largest container ports in Europe. It is one of the few counties in the United Kingdom that does not contain a city.
The county is low-lying with very few hills, and is largely arable land with the wetlands of The Broads in the North. The Suffolk Coast and Heaths are an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
By the 5th century the Angles, after whom East Anglia and England itself are named, had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", hence, "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Suffolk, and several adjacent areas, became the kingdom of East Anglia, which was settled by the Angles in the 5th century AD, later merging with Mercia and then Wessex.
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Surrey
Surrey /ˈsʌri/ is a county in the South East of England, and one of the home counties. The county borders Greater London, Kent, East Sussex, West Sussex, Hampshire, and Berkshire. The historic county town is Guildford.Surrey County Council sits at Kingston upon Thames, although this has been part of Greater London since 1965. The London boroughs of Lambeth, Wandsworth and Southwark were considered part of Surrey until 1889; and Croydon, Kingston, Merton, Sutton, Barnes and Richmond - all now reclassified as part of Greater London - were part of Surrey until 1965.
Surrey is divided into 11 boroughs and districts: Elmbridge, Epsom and Ewell, Guildford, Mole Valley, Reigate and Banstead, Runnymede, Spelthorne, Surrey Heath, Tandridge, Waverley, Woking. After the elections of 1 May 2008, the Conservatives are in control of 10 out of 11 councils in Surrey, with Epsom and Ewell in Residents Association control. The Conservatives hold all 11 Parliamentary constituencies within the county borders.
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Sutton Bridge
Coordinates: 52°46′16″N 0°11′15″E / 52.77102°N 0.187415°E / 52.77102; 0.187415
Sutton Bridge is a village and civil parish in southeastern Lincolnshire, England on the west bank of the River Nene in the district of South Holland.
It is close to the border with Norfolk and Cambridgeshire. Sutton Bridge and the surrounding area has recently seen an influx of new residents, mostly from the southern part of the United Kingdom. This has resulted in a healthy housing construction and improvement plan. Among notable residents is Ian Cashmore the presenter of television's Ghosthunters show. Sutton Bridge Power Station is a 790 MW gas-fired power station that was opened in 1999. It is situated on Centenary Way, close to the Nene.
The parish boundary to the east, next to the Wash, meets Terrington St Clement and Norfolk. A mile north of the A17, it meets Walpole Cross Keys. At King John Bank it crosses the A17, meeting Walpole. At the junction of the North Level Main Drain with the River Nene, it follows the Nene northwards, meeting Tydd St Mary (Lincolnshire). At South Holland Bridge it follows South Holland Main Drain westwards to South Holland Lodge, where it meets Little Sutton, and follows Hospital Drove northwards, crossing the A17 where the pylons cross the bypass. It crosses the former A17 next to the large Premier Foods factory. At Maze Farm it briefly meets Long Sutton then meets Lutton. It follows the Lutton Leam eastwards through Old Leam Farm.
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Tattershall College
Tattershall College was a grammar school in Tattershall, Lincolnshire. The college was established in 1439 and the building which still stands today was constructed between 1454 and 1460. This building was built by the 3rd Baron Cromwell for the education of the church choristers and was once a splendid example of the perpendicular style of Gothic architecture. Although the school was formally dissolved in 1545, it is thought that teaching may have continued for some years afterwards.
In the late 18th century, it was converted into a brewery before being left empty and allowed to deteriorate into the ruin that it now is with those walls that remain standing shored up by modern brick. Heritage Lincolnshire is presently managing the site.
Coordinates: 53°6′14.4″N 0°11′22.8″W / 53.104°N 0.189667°W / 53.104; -0.189667
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Tetford
Coordinates: 53°15′N 0°01′W / 53.25°N 0.01°W / 53.25; -0.01
Tetford is both a village and a parish in the Lincolnshire Wolds, 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northeast of Horncastle, 10 miles (16 km) south of Louth and 8 miles (13 km) northwest of Spilsby. It is in a shallow valley, situated at the bottom of a 98 m (320 feet) high ridge on which runs the Bluestone Heath Road. The parish covers about 1,730 acres (7.0 km2).
The Prime Meridian passes just to the east of Tetford.
The roads in the village form a figure eight.
Tetford was recorded as "Tesforde" in the Domesday Book and as having a mill, probably on the site of the present 17th century watermill near the centre of the village.
The parish contains traces of ancient encampments thought to be from Saxon times. It is reputed to be the site where Raengeires, a Briton, defeated the Saxon general Horsa in a great battle.
In 1841, the parish was noted for its fertiliser production (from burnt limestone).
Tetford lies in the Lincolnshire Wolds, which are a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, running from Louth in the north, to Horncastle in the south.
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The Deepings
The Deepings (grid reference TF150094) is a collective term used to describe adjoining villages near the River Welland, 8 miles to the north of Peterborough and 10 miles or so east of Stamford in England. The area is just north of the Peterborough border in the Lincolnshire fens. The Deepings include: Deeping Gate, Deeping St James, Deeping St Nicholas, Market Deeping and West Deeping.
The area is very low-lying, and gave The Deepings their name (a Saxon name translatable as either 'deep places' or 'deep lands'). The villages are mentioned in the Domesday Book. Deeping Fen lies to the North, and the drainage of it was an important part of seventeenth and eighteenth century land reclamation. It is now the responsibility of the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.
The town has a total population of approximately 14,900, 98% of whom are of white ethnicity, and many of whom are retired. The town is a close-knit community. It has a large church-going population to the two limestone churches, one in Market Deeping (Saint Guthlac's church), and the other in the village of Deeping St James (the parish church of Deeping St James). However, recently there has been a decline in the proportion of the population attending the churches with many families moving in because of the four well-performing primary schools and the excellent secondary School in the area. A skatepark and BMX track have been constructed with council funding to accommodate the growing number of teenagers in the area. The local fish and chip shops that are beside the River Welland are popular.
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The Fens
The Fens, also known as the Fenland(s), are a naturally marshy region in eastern England. Most of the fens were drained several centuries ago, resulting in a flat, damp, low-lying agricultural region.
A fen is the local name for an individual area of marshland or former marshland and also designates the type of marsh typical of the area, which has neutral or alkaline water chemistry and relatively large quantities of dissolved minerals, but few other plant nutrients.
The Fenland primarily lies around the coast of the Wash; it reaches into two of the nine official regions of England (the East of England and the East Midlands), four ceremonial counties (Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk and a small area of Suffolk), eleven District Councils and six postcode areas (LN, PE, CB, IP, NR and NG). The whole occupies an area of nearly 1,500 sq mi (3,900 km2).
Most of the Fenland lies within a few metres of sea-level. As with similar areas in the Netherlands, much of the Fenland originally consisted of fresh- or salt-water wetlands, which have been artificially drained and continue to be protected from floods by drainage banks and pumps. With the support of this drainage system, the Fenland has become a major arable agricultural region in Britain for grains and vegetables. The Fens are particularly fertile, containing around half of the grade 1 agricultural land in England.
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The Wash
The Wash is the square-mouthed bay and estuary on the northwest margin of East Anglia on the east coast of England, where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire. It is among the largest estuaries in the United Kingdom. It is fed by the Rivers Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse.
The Wash shows as a large indentation in the coastline of the map of Eastern England, separating the curved coast of East Anglia from Lincolnshire. It is formed by a large bay with three roughly straight sides meeting at right angles, each about 15 miles (25 km) in length. The eastern coast of the Wash is entirely within Norfolk, and extends from a point a little north of Hunstanton in the north to the mouth of the River Great Ouse at King's Lynn in the south. The opposing coast, which is roughly parallel to the east coast, runs from Gibraltar Point to the mouth of the River Welland, all within Lincolnshire. The southern coast runs roughly northwest-southeast, connects these two river mouths and is punctuated by the mouth of a third river, the River Nene.
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Theddlethorpe
Theddlethorpe comprises two close villages and civil parishes, Theddlethorpe St Helen, and Theddlethorpe All Saints, in the East Lindsey district of the county of Lincolnshire, England. These two villages have operated as one entity for many years. They are situated approximately four miles north of Mablethorpe and on the coast of the North Sea.
The National Grid plc owned Theddlethorpe Gas Terminal processes natural gas extracted from beneath the North Sea for use in the UK.
A section of the seashore of the village is part of the Saltfleetby-Theddlethorpe Dunes National Nature Reserve, which comprises sea dunes and both saltwater and freshwater marshes. The reserve is one of only five locations in the UK where the natterjack toad can be found.
Theddlethorpe St Helen has a primary school.
53°22′16″N 0°11′55″W / 53.370989°N 0.198730°W / 53.370989; -0.198730
Located about 9 miles (14 km) east of the town of Louth. Population according to the 2001 census was 212.
The parish church is dedicated to All Saints and is a grade I listed building dating from the 12th century, 1380–1400, late 17th and 1865/6 when it underwent minor repairs. It was built of greenstone and limestone and has a 15th-century font. At the west end is preserved the 15th-century wooden pinnacle from the tower roof. In the south aisle chapel is a brass to Sir Robert Hayton who died in 1424. Nearby is the matrix for a double brass of which only one brass shield remains. In the chancel are two early 18th-century marble wall plaques to members of the Newcomen family. A marble monument to Charles Bertie and his wife Mary died 1727, made by Andrew Carpenter, London. All Saints was declared redundant by the Diocese of Lincoln in 1973 and it is now in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust.
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Thornton Abbey
Thornton Abbey was founded as a priory in 1139 by William le Gros, the Earl of Yorkshire, and raised to the status of Abbey in 1148. It was a house for Augustinian or black canons. These priests lived a communal life under the Rule of St Augustine but also undertook pastoral duties outside of the Abbey. Officers within the Abbey besides the abbot and prior included a cellarer, bursar, chamberlain, sacrist, kitchener and an infirmer. It is located close to the small North Lincolnshire village of Thornton Curtis.
The abbey was closed in 1539 by Henry VIII as part of the dissolution. Thornton was a wealthy and prestigious house valued at the dissolution at the considerable sum of £591 0s 2 ¾ d.
Thornton Abbey railway station is nearby.
The founding abbey building from the 12th century was Romanesque in style, but nothing of it remains above ground.
The later abbey from the 13th/14th centuries was built in Early Gothic style. Little remains of the building, except for three walls of the chapter house and part of the cloister, though the groundplan of the abbey is traced out.
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Tolethorpe Hall
Tolethope Hall in the parish of Little Casterton, Rutland, England, PE9 4BH is a country house near Stamford, Lincolnshire at grid reference TF023104. It is now the location of the Rutland Theatre of the Stamford Shakespeare Company.
The hall was the home of the Browne family, a notable member of which Robert (c. 1550-c. 1633), was born there. He was the leader of the Brownists, early advocates of a congregational form of organization for the Church of England. Having in 1580, attempted to set up a separate Church in Norwich, Norfolk, England, he was obliged to move to Middelburg in the Netherlands in 1581. See Congregational church. or, for more history with pictures, Stamford Shakespeare Company.
The hall and its gardens are now noted as an outdoor Shakespearian theatre. The hall itself stands on the middle of three terraces cut in sloping ground. Its raked auditorium is arranged on the lower one, looking outward across the lower terrace which forms the open air stage behind which, is the open country of the Gwash Valley. The auditorium is permanently covered. The Stamford Shakespeare Company presents a three-month season each summer. Normally there are two Shakespeare plays and one by another playwright.
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Trusthorpe
Coordinates: 53°19′32″N 0°16′16″E / 53.325624°N 0.27122028°E / 53.325624; 0.27122028
Trusthorpe is a small village on the east coast of England. It is in the county of Lincolnshire and is 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Mablethorpe and 12 miles (19 km) north of Skegness. It forms part of the parish of Mablethorpe and Sutton, and about 1 mile (1.6 km) to the west is the hamlet of Thorpe.
The church is dedicated to Saint Peter and is Grade II listed, dating from the 14th century with alterations in 1522, 1606, 1842 and 1941. It is built of red brick with ashlar dressings, and the three stage tower has stepped corner buttresses, and just below the second stage is an ashlar datestone inscribed "1606 Anthone Swell." The nave dates from 1842, the chancel 1941, and the font dates from 13th century. At the east end of the nave is a wall monument to William Loft who died in 1854.
Trusthorpe CE School was built in 1856 in memory of William Loft, as a National School. It closed on 21 December 1927.
Trusthorpe windmill was originally erected at Newland, near Hull. Mr Charles Foster bought it and moved it to Trusthorpe where it was incorporated into a new mill. The post mill was demolished and replaced in 1901 when a new tower mill was built, which lasted until 1935 and was then converted into a house.
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Tyne and Wear
Tyne and Wear /ˌtaɪn ənd ˈwɪər/ is a metropolitan county in north east England around the mouths of the Rivers Tyne and Wear. It came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. It consists of the five metropolitan boroughs of South Tyneside, North Tyneside, City of Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and the City of Sunderland.
Prior to reforms in 1974, the territory comprising the county of Tyne and Wear straddled the border between the counties of Northumberland and County Durham. North Tyneside and Newcastle upon Tyne had previously existed within of Northumberland, whereas South Tyneside, Gateshead and Sunderland were all previously within the borders of County Durham, with the River Tyne forming the border of the two counties.
Tyne and Wear is bounded on the east by the North Sea, and as a ceremonial county, shares borders with Northumberland to the north and County Durham to the south.
Tyne and Wear County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county continues to exist in law and as a geographic frame of reference.
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Waltham Windmill
Waltham Windmill is a six-sailed windmill located in the village of Waltham, five miles from Grimsby in North East Lincolnshire. It is renowned in the area for having all six sails still in full working capacity, being one of the very few windmills like this in the United Kingdom.
The first mill on this site was built in 1666 and was a trestle post mill. The location was well set on the Brigsley Road with good transport into Grimsby and out towards the farms of the Lincolnshire Wolds. This mill was blown down in 1744, but soon replaced with another post mill to continue the job of the old. Unfortunately for the residents of the area, this one suffered a similar fate, being blown down in 1873.
Construction of the one that stands today began in 1878 and was completed by the accomplished water-colour painter John Saunderson from Louth, Lincolnshire in 1880. (A painting of Louth Parish Church (south elevation) remains to this day in his descendants family.) The new windmill was constructed of local brick and coated with a layer of tar as a seal against the elements. The six-storied mill had a greater capacity than the previous post mills and featured 6 double-sided sails, driving four pairs of grinding stones for the production of flour (two so-called greystones (peak stones, cut from rock of the Peak District) and two French quartzite stones).
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Warwickshire
Warwickshire (i/ˈwɒrɨkʃər/ or /ˈwɒrɨkʃɪər/) is a landlocked non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands region of England. The county town is Warwick, although the largest town is Nuneaton. The county is famous for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare and George Elliot. Commonly used abbreviations for the county are Warks or Warwicks.
The five districts of North Warwickshire, Nuneaton & Bedworth, Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-on-Avon together form the Warwickshire County Council area, and are within the 1974 boundaries. The shape of the administrative area of Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county, which also includes the now autonomous unitary authorities of Coventry and Solihull, as well as a small area around central and northeast Birmingham.
For Eurostat purposes it is a NUTS 3 region (code UKG13) and is one of three counties that comprise the "Herefordshire, Worcestershire and Warwickshire" NUTS 2 region.
Warwickshire is bounded to the north-west by the West Midlands metropolitan county and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the north-east, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south and Gloucestershire to the south-west. The northern tip of the county is only 3 miles (5 km) from the Derbyshire border. An average-sized English county covering an area of almost 2,000 km2, it runs some 60 miles (97 km) north to south.
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West Lindsey
West Lindsey is a local government district in Lincolnshire, England.
The district was formed on 1 April 1974, from the urban districts of Gainsborough, Market Rasen, along with Caistor Rural District, Gainsborough Rural District and Welton Rural District. The district council moved to new offices in Marshall's Yard in Gainsborough in January 2008.
Since the inception of the council in 1974 councillors have been elected in ‘thirds’, serving a period of four years. This means that elections have been held every year apart from the fourth year when County Council elections are held. In December 2010 the Council decided to change the system from ‘thirds’ to ‘all out’ elections commencing in May 2011.
The election for all 37 members representing 25 wards were held on 5 May 2011. All seats were contested. The total electorate entitled to vote at the elections was 71959 from which 31207 electors voted (43.37%). The result produced a Conservative majority of 5 seats over all other parties. The current membership of the Council is Conservatives 21, Independents 3, Labour 2 and Liberal Democrats 11.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
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Wiltshire
Wiltshire ( /ˈwɪltʃər/ or /ˈwɪltʃɪər/, formerly /ˈwɪlʃər/; or the County of Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. It contains the unitary authority of Swindon and covers 3,485 km2 (1,346 square miles). The ancient county town was Wilton, but since 1930 Wiltshire County Council and its successor Wiltshire Council (from 2009) have been based at Trowbridge.
Wiltshire is characterised by its high downland and wide valleys. Salisbury Plain is famous as the location of the Stonehenge and Avebury stone circles and other ancient landmarks and as the main training area in the UK of the British Army. The city of Salisbury is notable for its mediaeval cathedral. Important country houses open to the public include Longleat, near Warminster, and the National Trust's Stourhead, near Mere.
The county, in the 9th century written as Wiltunscir, later Wiltonshire, is named after the former county town of Wilton, itself named after the river Wylye, one of eight rivers which drain the county.
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Woodhall Spa
Coordinates: 53°09′05″N 0°13′06″W / 53.1515°N 0.2183°W / 53.1515; -0.2183
Woodhall Spa is a civil parish and village in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England within a wooded area on the Southern edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds, about 6 miles (10 km) south-west of Horncastle and about 15 miles (24 km) east-south-east of Lincoln. It is noted for its mineral springs, cinema, and its World War II association with the RAF 617 Squadron.
Twin Towns
Woodhall Spa came about by accident in 1811 after John Parkinson, of Old Bolingbroke made several attempts to find coal. After spending several thousand pounds, and sinking a shaft over 1,000 feet deep, the enterprise was abandoned on account of the now rising spring. The spring flows daily through soft spongy rock, at a depth of 520 feet.
About 1834, the then Lord of the Manor, Thomas Hotchkin, ascertained by analysis that the water was in fact valuable, being an iodine and bromine containing mineral spring. He spent nearly £30,000 sinking the well and erecting the Spa Baths and the Victoria Hotel.
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Woolsthorpe Manor
Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, was the birthplace of Sir Isaac Newton on 25 December 1642 (old calendar). At that time it was a yeoman's farmstead, principally rearing sheep (hence the wool reference in the name — thorpe comes from a Viking word meaning farmstead[citation needed]).
Newton returned here when Cambridge University closed due to the plague, and here he performed many of his most famous experiments, most notably his work on light and optics. This is also believed to be the site where Newton observed an apple fall from a tree, inspiring him to formulate his law of universal gravitation.
Now in the hands of the National Trust and open to the public from spring to autumn, it is presented as a typical seventeenth century yeoman's farmhouse (or as near to that as possible, taking into account modern living, health and safety requirements and structural changes that have been made to the house since Newton's time).
New areas of the house, once private, were opened up to the public in 2003, with the old rear steps (that once led up to the hay loft and grain store and often seen in drawings of the period) being rebuilt, and the old walled kitchen garden, to the rear of the house, being restored.
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Worcestershire
Worcestershire (i/ˈwʊstərʃər/ WUUS-tər-shər or /ˈwʊstərʃɪər/ WUUS-tər-sheer ; abbreviated Worcs) is a non-metropolitan county in the West Midlands of England. In 1974, it merged with the neighbouring county of Herefordshire to form Hereford and Worcester. This was divided in 1998, re-establishing Worcestershire as a county. The Malvern Hills forms the east–west border between the two counties, with the exception of West Malvern in Worcestershire.
The county borders Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, West Midlands, Warwickshire and Gloucestershire. To the west, the county is bordered by the Malvern Hills and the spa town of Malvern. The southern part of the county is bordered by Gloucestershire and the northern edge of the Cotswolds; to the east is Warwickshire. There are two major rivers flowing through the county, the Severn and the Avon.
The cathedral city of Worcester is the largest settlement and administrative seat of the county, which includes the principal settlements of Bromsgrove, Stourport-on-Severn, Droitwich, Evesham, Kidderminster, Malvern, and the largest town, Redditch, and a number of smaller towns such as Pershore, Tenbury Wells and Upton upon Severn. The north of the county includes part of the industrial West Midlands conurbation while the south of the county is largely rural. The average salary is £20,300.
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Wragby
Coordinates: 53°17′14″N 0°18′09″W / 53.287282°N 0.30260110°W / 53.287282; -0.30260110
Wragby is a small town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) north-west from Horncastle and about 11 miles (18 km) north east of the city of Lincoln.
Wragby is named in the Domesday Book as Waragebi, when it consisted of 23 households a mill and a church.
The 'Rout Yard', a scheduled monument in the form of two moated islands and associated ditched enclosures, is the remains of a medieval manorial complex. In 1086 there were two manors at Wragby, one in the possession of Erenis of Buron, the other, Waldin the Artificer. The surviving remains possibly represent the Buron manor which held responsibility for a church. The church was dismantled in 1836 when a new church was established closer to the modern village centre. The 18th century brick-built chancel was kept as a cemetery chapel until the 1980s when it too was demolished.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
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Abi Titmuss
Abi Titmuss, (born 8 February 1976 in Newark, Nottinghamshire), is an English actress, television personality, former glamour model and nurse.
Abi Titmuss grew up in Heckington, Lincolnshire where her parents were teachers, and she took her A levels at Kesteven and Sleaford High School where she played the clarinet. She briefly dated cartoonist B.P. Perry before moving to Ruskington. Her parents divorced when she was 17, and her father moved to Argyll, Scotland, where he remarried. Her mother was secretary of Sleaford Museum Trust.
Titmuss graduated from City University in St Bartholomew's Hospital in 1998. She did a nursing diploma because her A-levels were not good enough to be a doctor and became a staff nurse at London's University College Hospital.
Titmuss was hired as a roving reporter on the Channel 4 programme Richard & Judy but was sacked in January 2004 when it emerged that she had been filmed having sex and the tape became public. Titmuss appeared on ITV1's Celebrity Love Island where she was called "a big fat slag" by fellow contestant Jayne Middlemiss. Titmuss had become close to ex-footballer Lee Sharpe, whom Middlemiss had designs on. Titmuss managed to lose her bikini in the swimming pool showing off a glimpse of nipple. Her other television work includes training as a chef on the 2004 series of Hell's Kitchen, and in 2005, she appeared on Channel 4's The Friday Night Project as a regular guest feature, and in Abi Titmuss: A Modern Day Morality Tale, a fly-on-the-wall documentary for Channel 4. She has also starred on a celebrity edition of Channel 4's Come Dine With Me with Paul Ross, Lesley Joseph, Linda Lusardi and Rodney Marsh but didn't enjoy the experience. Lusardi won.
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Alfred Lord Tennyson
Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, FRS (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom during much of Queen Victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular poets in the English language.
Tennyson excelled at penning short lyrics, such as "In the Valley of Cauteretz", "Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade", "Tears, Idle Tears" and "Crossing the Bar". Much of his verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as Ulysses, although In Memoriam A.H.H. was written to commemorate his best friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and fellow student at Trinity College, Cambridge, who was engaged to Tennyson's sister, but died from a brain haemorrhage before they could marry. Tennyson also wrote some notable blank verse including Idylls of the King, "Ulysses," and "Tithonus." During his career, Tennyson attempted drama, but his plays enjoyed little success.
A number of phrases from Tennyson's work have become commonplaces of the English language, including "Nature, red in tooth and claw", "'Tis better to have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all", "Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die", "My strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is pure", "Knowledge comes, but Wisdom lingers", and "The old order changeth, yielding place to new". He is the ninth most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations.
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Alfred Piccaver
Alfred Piccaver (5 February 1884 - 23 September 1958, in Vienna) was a British-American operatic tenor. He was particularly noted for his performances as Rodolfo in Giacomo Puccini's La bohème and other popular mainstream operatic roles.
Piccaver was born on 5 February 1884 in the Lincolnshire town of Long Sutton. Before he reached the age of two his parents emigrated to the United States of America and took out American citizenship. Alfred was trained as an electrical engineer but he had a talent for singing and in 1905 he enrolled at the Metropolitan School of Opera. The school's director Heinrich Conried recognised his considerable vocal ability and in 1907 sent the young Alfred to Prague, where he studied with Ludmilla Prochazka-Neumann (1872–1954).
His studies led to a three-year contract with the Deutsches Landes-Theater in Prague where he made his debut on 9 September 1907 in Otto Nicolai's The Merry Wives of Windsor. In the following three years, he sang in operas by Flotow, Verdi, Wagner, Mozart, Puccini and Gounod. This variety stood him in good stead, because in 1910, he was invited to appear as a guest in Mattia Battistini’s touring company that was performing in Prague. He must have impressed Battistini because Piccaver was persuaded to travel with the company to their next venue in Vienna where the Vienna Hofoper showed an interest in him. However, he continued to sing with the Prague company for the remainder of his contract and it was not until 6 September 1912 that he gave his first performance with the Vienna State Opera as a permanent member.
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Andrew Percy
Andrew Percy (born 1977) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected Member of Parliament for Brigg and Goole in 2010.
Born in Hull, he was brought up in the city, attending the all-boys (11-16) William Gee School on Bishop Alcock Road off Bricknell Road (it closed in August 2001 to merge with Amy Johnson School on Ringrose Street to form Endeavour High School). Percy gained a degree at the University of York and studied at the University of Leeds as a post-graduate. He worked as a secondary school history teacher and taught in several schools. He serves as a parish councillor for Airmyn. Before being elected to Parliament he served for ten years as a councillor on Hull City Council from 2000. He contested Normanton in 2005.
Percy was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Brigg and Goole in the 2010 general election by a majority of 5,147.
Percy is rated as one of the Conservatives' most rebellious MPs and has voted with Labour on key issues like loan sharking, EMA and student fees.
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Anne Askew
Anne Askew (née Anne Ayscough, married name Anne Kyme) (born 1520/1521 – died 16 July 1546) was an English poet and Protestant who was condemned as a heretic. She is the only woman on record known to have been both tortured in the Tower of London and burnt at the stake.
Born at Stallingborough in 1520 or 1521 into a gentry family of Lincolnshire, she was forced by her father, Sir William Askew (1490–1541), to marry Thomas Kyme when she was fifteen, as a substitute for her sister Martha who had recently died. Anne rebelled against her husband by refusing to adopt his surname. She had at least one child, a son, William Askew.
The Dictionary of National Biography says no more than that she left her children to go "gospelling". Her marriage did not go well, not least because of her strong Protestant beliefs. When she returned from London, where she had gone to teach against the doctrine of transubstantiation, her husband turned her out of the house. She then went again to London to ask for a divorce, justifying it from scripture (1 Corinthians 7:15), on the grounds that her husband was not a believer. Eventually, Askew left her husband and went to London where she gave sermons and distributed Protestant books. These books had been banned and so she was arrested. Her husband was sent for and ordered to take her home to Lincolnshire. She escaped and not long after was back preaching in London.[citation needed]
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Anne Bradstreet
Anne Dudley Bradstreet (born Anne Dudley; c. 1612 – September 16, 1672) was the first poet and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published. Her first volume of poetry was the Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, published in 1650. It was met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World.
Anne Bradstreet was born in Northampton, England, 1612. She was the daughter of Thomas Dudley, a steward of the Earl of Lincoln, and Dorothy Yorke. Due to her family's position she grew up in cultured circumstances and was a well-educated woman for her time, being tutored in history, several languages and literature. At the age of sixteen she married Simon Bradstreet. Both Anne's father and husband were later to serve as governors of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Anne and Simon, along with Anne's parents, immigrated to America aboard the Arbella as part of the Winthrop Fleet of Puritan emigrants in 1630.
Anne Bradstreet first touched American soil on June 14, 1630 at what is now Pioneer Village (Salem, Massachusetts) with Simon, her parents and other voyagers, part of the Migration to New England (1620-1640). Their stay was very brief due to the illness and starvation of Gov. John Endecott and other residents of the village. Most moved immediately south along the coast to Charlestown, Massachusetts for another short stay before moving south along the Charles River to found "the City on the Hill," Boston, Massachusetts.
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Antonio Berardi
Antonio Berardi (born 1968, Grantham, Lincolnshire, England), is a British fashion designer of Sicilian descent, known especially for his dresses. He currently shows his collection at London fashion week, but has shown at Milan in the past.
Berardi's parents were Sicilians who emigrated to Britain in the 1950s. He developed an interest in fashion at a young age. As a nine-year-old he saved his money for Armani shirts with leather gusset shoulders. After secondary (high) school he decided on a career in design and, after attending Lincoln College of Art and Design, applied to the fashion Bachelor of Arts program at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design at the University of the Arts London. However, Berardi's application was rejected and he began working as an assistant to John Galliano shortly after. In 1990 he applied to Central Saint Martins for a third time and was accepted. He graduated from the college in 1993, and in 1994 created his graduate collection which caught the attention of Angela Quaintrell, a buyer for London fashion holding group Liberty. With financial backing from Liberty he produced his first fashion week collection in 1995, under his own eponymous label. Kylie Minogue was the show's main model, and accessories were designed by Manolo Blahnik and Philip Treacy. In 1998 Berardi also designed under Italian label Ruffo Research, while maintaining his own label. The following year he negotiated a partnership with Italian label Extè. He became the label's head designer, and Extè also produced his own line. Berardi left Extè in 2001, and since then his label has been backed by fashion group Gibo.[citation needed]
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Arthur Lucan
Arthur Lucan (16 September 1885, Sibsey, Lincolnshire – 17 May 1954, Hull) was an English actor who gained fame as Old Mother Riley on stage, radio and also screen, with a series of comedy films between the late 1930s and early 1950s.
Lucan was born as Arthur Towle, the third of seven children born to Tom Towle, a groom, and his wife Lucy Ann Mawer. When he was five years old, the family moved to nearby Boston, Lincolnshire, later making his first acting appearance at the town's Shodfriars Hall. After leaving school, he left home to pursue a career in music hall. He gained a job with a family troupe called the Musical Cliftons, and later as sidekick to a comedian called Will Pepper.
Lucan was appearing in Dublin where he met and married the 16 year old Kitty McShane in 1913. The couple had one son, Donald Daniel Towle (b. 2 October 1915, Dublin –d. 1970), and became an incredibly successful double act. They achieved some success with a sketch called "Bridget's Night Out". For this he first wore drag, and began to develop the character of Old Mother Riley. Whilst in Dublin, he changed his name to Lucan, and they continued to perform as 'Lucan and McShane'. The act was so successful, they played it to the 1934 Royal Command Performance at the London Palladium, the most prestigious engagement of its time. However, their marriage proved to be a volatile union, and Lucan and McShane separated in 1951.
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Austin Mitchell
Austin Vernon Mitchell (born 19 September 1934) is a British Labour Party politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Great Grimsby since a 1977 by-election.
Born in Bradford, Mitchell was educated at Woodbottom Council School, Bingley Grammar School, the University of Manchester and Nuffield College, Oxford.
From 1959–63 he lectured in History at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. While lecturing in sociology, from 1963–67, at the University of Canterbury, Mitchell wrote a popular book about New Zealand, The Half Gallon Quarter Acre Pavlova Paradise (1972). The book title became a phrase in the New Zealand English lexicon. In the 1960s and 70s, New Zealand had been a socialist laboratory. In the 80s and 90s, it was transformed into an open market economy. These drastic changes provided ample subject matter for social analysis, and thirty years later Mitchell wrote Pavlova Paradise Revisited (2002), after another New Zealand expedition. From 1967–69, Mitchell was an Official Fellow at Nuffield College.
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Benjamin Huntsman
Benjamin Huntsman (4 June 1704 – 20 June 1776) was an English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel.
Huntsman was born the third son of a Quaker farmer in Epworth, Lincolnshire. His parents were Germans who had emigrated only a few years before his birth.
Huntsman started business as a clock, lock and tool maker in Doncaster. His reputation enabled him to also practice surgery in an experimental fashion and was also consulted as an oculist.
Huntsman experimented in steel manufacture, first at Doncaster. Then in 1740 he moved to Handsworth, near Sheffield. Eventually, after many experiments, Huntsman was able to make satisfactory cast steel, in clay pots or crucibles holding about 34 pounds of blistered steel each. A flux was added and they were covered and heated by means of coke for about three hours. The molten steel is then poured into moulds and the crucibles reused. The local cutlery manufacturers refused to buy it as it was harder than the German steel they were accustomed to using. For a long time Huntsman exported his whole output to France.
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Bernie Taupin
Bernard John "Bernie" Taupin (born 22 May 1950) is an English lyricist, poet, and singer, best known for his long-term collaboration with Elton John, writing the lyrics for the majority of the star's songs, making his lyrics some of the best known in pop-rock's history.
In 1967, Taupin answered an advertisement in the UK's music paper New Musical Express that was seeking new songwriters. Around the same time Elton John submitted samples of his work to the paper, and the pair were brought together, collaborating on many projects since.
Much of Taupin's childhood is reflected in his lyrics and poetry. He was born at Flatters Farmhouse which is located between the village of Anwick and the town of Sleaford in the southern part of Lincolnshire, England. Of French ancestry, his father was educated in Dijon and was employed as a stockman by a large farm estate near the town of Market Rasen and his mother worked as a nanny, having previously lived in Switzerland. The family later relocated to Rowston Manor, a significant step up from Flatters Farmhouse which had no electricity.
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Chad Varah
Reverend Prebendary Edward Chad Varah, CH, CBE (12 November 1911 – 8 November 2007) was a British Anglican priest. He is best remembered as the founder of The Samaritans, established in 1953 as the world's first crisis hotline organisation, offering non-religious telephone support to those contemplating suicide.
Varah was born in the town of Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, the eldest of nine children of the vicar at the Anglican church of St Peter. His father, Canon William Edward Varah, a strict Tractarian, named him after St Chad, who, according to Bede, had founded the seventh century monastery 'ad Bearum', 'at Barrow', which may have occupied an Anglo-Saxon enclosure next to Barton Vicarage.[citation needed]
He was educated at Worksop College in north Nottinghamshire and won an exhibition to read natural sciences at Keble College, Oxford University, quickly switching to Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE). He was involved in the university Russian and Slavonic clubs, and was founder-president of the Scandinavian Club. He graduated with a third-class degree in 1933.[citation needed]
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Charles Wesley
Charles Wesley (18 December 1707 – 29 March 1788) was an English leader of the Methodist movement, son of Anglican clergyman and poet Samuel Wesley, the younger brother of Anglican clergyman John Wesley and Anglican clergyman Samuel Wesley (the Younger), and father of musician Samuel Wesley, and grandfather of musician Samuel Sebastian Wesley. Despite their closeness, Charles and his brother John did not always agree on questions relating to their beliefs. In particular, Charles was strongly opposed to the idea of a breach with the Church of England into which they had been ordained. Charles Wesley is chiefly remembered for the many hymns he wrote. He ministered for part of his life in The New Room Chapel in Bristol. His house, located nearby, can still be visited today.
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Colin Dexter
Norman Colin Dexter, OBE, (born 29 September 1930) is an English crime writer, known for his Inspector Morse novels which were written between 1975 and 1999 and adapted as a television series from 1987 to 2000.
Dexter was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, and was educated at Stamford School, where his brother, John Dexter, had been before him. After completing his National Service with the Royal Corps of Signals he read classics at Christ's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1953 and receiving an honorary Masters Degree in 1958.
In 1954, he started his teaching career in the East Midlands, becoming assistant classics master at Wyggeston School, Leicester. A post at Loughborough Grammar School followed, before he took up the position of senior classics teacher at Corby Grammar School, Northamptonshire, in 1959.
In 1966, he was forced by the onset of deafness to retire from teaching, and took up the post of Senior Assistant Secretary at the University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations (UODLE) in Oxford – a job he held until his retirement in 1988.
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Danelaw
The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (also known as the Danelagh; Old English: Dena lagu; Danish: Danelagen), is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to be geographical. The areas that comprised the Danelaw are in northern and eastern England. The origins of the Danelaw arose from the Viking expansion of the 9th century, although the term was not used to describe a geographic area until the 11th century. With the increase in population and productivity in Scandinavia, Viking warriors, having sought treasure and glory in the nearby British Isles, "proceeded to plough and support themselves", in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for the year 876.
Danelaw is also used to describe the set of legal terms and definitions created in the treaties between the English king, Alfred the Great, and the Danish warlord, Guthrum, written following Guthrum's defeat at the Battle of Edington in 878. In 886, the Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum was formalised, defining the boundaries of their kingdoms, with provisions for peaceful relations between the English and the Vikings.
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Douglas Bader
Group Captain Sir Douglas Robert Steuart Bader ( /ˈbɑːdər/) CBE, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar, FRAeS, DL (21 February 1910 – 5 September 1982) was a Royal Air Force (RAF) fighter ace during the Second World War. He was credited with 20 aerial victories, four shared victories, six probables, one shared probable and 11 enemy aircraft damaged.
Bader joined the RAF in 1928, and was commissioned in 1930. In December 1931, while attempting some aerobatics, he crashed and lost both his legs. Having been on the brink of death, he recovered, retook flight training, passed his check flights and then requested reactivation as a pilot. Although there were no regulations applicable to his situation, he was retired on medical grounds. After the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, however, Bader returned to the RAF and was accepted as a pilot. He scored his first victories over Dunkirk during the Battle of France in 1940. He then took part in the Battle of Britain and became a friend and supporter of Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory and his "Big Wing" experiments.
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Edward Leigh
Edward Julian Egerton Leigh (born 20 July 1950) is a British Conservative politician. He has sat in the House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for Gainsborough in Lincolnshire since 1997, and for its predecessor constituency of Gainsborough and Horncastle between 1983 and 1997. He served as Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee since 2001, but stepped down at the end of the parliamentary session in 2010 as it is customary for a member of the opposition party to hold this post.
Apart from being dubbed "the Viscount" upon his arrival in the Commons, in allusion to his landed gentry background, he also gained a reputation owing to his staunch opposition to abortion, contraception and genetic research, for his support of capital punishment and for his defence of Section 28, which made Local Authorities not allowed to "promote the teaching in any maintained-school of the acceptability of homosexuality as a pretended family relationship". However, he has since reversed his support for capital punishment.
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Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor of Castile (1241 – 28 November 1290) was the first queen consort of Edward I of England. She was also Countess of Ponthieu in her own right from 1279 until her death in 1290, succeeding her mother and ruling together with her husband.
Eleanor was born in Castile, actual Spain, daughter of Saint Ferdinand, King of Castile and Leon and his second wife, Joan, Countess of Ponthieu. Her Castilian name, Leonor, became Alienor or Alianor in England, and Eleanor in modern English. She was named after her great-grandmother, Eleanor of England.
Eleanor was the second of five children born to Ferdinand and Joan. Her elder brother Ferdinand was born in 1239/40, her younger brother Louis in 1242/43; two sons born after Louis died young. For the ceremonies in 1291 marking the first anniversary of Eleanor's death, 49 candlebearers were paid to walk in the public procession to commemorate each year of her life. This would date her birth to the year 1241. Since her parents were apart from each other for 13 months while King Ferdinand conducted a military campaign in Andalusia from which he returned to the north of Spain only in February 1241, Eleanor was probably born toward the end of that year. Both the court of her father and her half-brother Alfonso X of Castile were known for its literary atmosphere. Growing up in such an environment probably influenced her later literary activities as queen. She was said to have been at her father's deathbed in Seville in 1252.
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Elizabeth Jennings
Elizabeth Jennings (20 July 1926 – 25 October 2001) was an English poet.
Jennings was born in Boston, Lincolnshire. When she was six, her family moved to Oxford, where she remained for the rest of her life. There she later attended St Anne's College. After graduation, she became a librarian.
Jennings' early poetry was published in journals such as Oxford Poetry, New English Weekly, The Spectator, Outposts and Poetry Review, but her first book was not published until she was 27. The lyrical poets she cited as having influenced her were Hopkins, Auden, Graves and Muir. Her second book, A Way of Looking, won the Somerset Maugham award and marked a turning point, as the prize money allowed her to spend nearly three months in Rome, which was a revelation. It brought a new dimension to her religious belief and inspired her imagination.
Regarded as traditionalist rather than an innovator, Jennings is known for her lyric poetry and mastery of form. Her work displays a simplicity of metre and rhyme shared with Philip Larkin, Kingsley Amis and Thom Gunn, all members of the group of English poets known as The Movement. She always made it clear that, whilst her life, which included a spell of severe mental illness, contributed to the themes contained within her work, she did not write explicitly autobiographical poetry. Her deeply held Roman Catholicism coloured much of her work.
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Francis Hill
Sir James William Francis Hill CBE (1899–1980) was a solicitor and leading historian of Lincoln and Lincolnshire. He was the third Chancellor of the University of Nottingham. He also served as a Councillor, Alderman and Mayor of Lincoln.
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Frank Bramley
Frank Bramley (6 May 1857 – 9 Aug 1915) was an English post-impressionist genre painter of the Newlyn School.
Bramley was born in Sibsey in Lincolnshire and studied at the Lincoln School of Art from 1873 to 1878, later under Charles Verlat at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Antwerp from 1879 to 1882. After staying in Venice from 1882 to 1884, he moved to the Newlyn School artist colony in Cornwall.
In contrast to other members of the Newlyn school, Bramley specialised in interiors and worked on combining natural and artificial light in his paintings. His A Hopeless Dawn (1888) was bought by the Tate gallery, and is probably one of the most widely admired of Bramley's, and the school's, works. He became a Royal Academician (RA) in 1911, and was also a gold medal winner at the Paris Salon.
Bramley married fellow artist Katherine Graham in 1891. In 1895 they moved to Droitwich in the West Midlands, and by 1900 had settled at Grasmere in the Lake District.
Bramley died in Chalford Hill, Gloucestershire in August 1915.
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Frank Pick
Frank Pick LLB Hon. RIBA (23 November 1878 – 7 November 1941) was a British transport administrator. After qualifying as a solicitor in 1902, he worked at the North Eastern Railway, before moving to the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1906. At the UERL he rose through the corporate ranks, becoming joint assistant managing director in 1921 and managing director in 1928. He was chief executive officer and vice-chairman of the London Passenger Transport Board from its creation in 1933 until 1940.
He steered the development of the London Underground's corporate identity by commissioning eye-catching commercial art, graphic design and modern architecture, establishing a highly recognisable brand. Pick's interest in design extended beyond his own organisation and he was a founding member and later served as President of the Design and Industries Association. He was also the first chairman of the Council for Art and Industry.
Frank Pick was born on 23 November 1878 at Spalding, Lincolnshire. He was the first child of five born to draper Francis Pick and his wife Fanny Pick (née Clarke). Pick's paternal grandfather, Charles Pick, was a farmer in Spalding who died in his forties leaving eight children. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Clarke, was a blacksmith and Wesleyan lay preacher. As a child, Frank Pick was bookish, preferring to read and build collections of moths and butterflies and objects found on the beach rather than take part in sports.
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Frank Whittle
Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 – 9 August 1996) was a British Royal Air Force (RAF) engineer officer. He is credited with independently inventing the turbojet engine (some years earlier than Germany's Dr. Hans von Ohain) and is regarded by many as the father of jet propulsion.
From an early age Whittle demonstrated an aptitude for engineering and an interest in flying. Determined to be a pilot, he overcame his physical limitations to be accepted into the RAF, where his abilities earned him a place on the officer training course at Cranwell. He excelled in his studies and became an accomplished pilot. While writing his thesis there he formulated the fundamental concepts that led to the creation of the turbojet engine, taking out a patent on his design in 1930. His performance on an officers' engineering course earned him a place on a further course at the University of Cambridge where he graduated with a First.
Without Air Ministry support, he and two retired RAF servicemen formed Power Jets Ltd to build his engine with assistance from the firm of British Thomson-Houston. Despite limited funding, a prototype was created, which first ran in 1937. Official interest was forthcoming following this success, with contracts being placed to develop further engines, but the continuing stress seriously affected Whittle's health, eventually resulting in a nervous breakdown in 1940. In 1944 when Power Jets was nationalised he again suffered a nervous breakdown, and resigned from the board in 1946.
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Geoff Capes
Geoffrey Lewis Capes (born 23 August 1949) is a former athlete, strongman and professional Highland Games competitor. As an athlete he represented both England and Great Britain in field athletics, specialising in the shot put an event in which he was twice Commonwealth champion, twice European champion, and three time Olympian. As a strongman, he twice won the title of World's Strongest Man, was World Muscle Power champion on two occasions, and also had numerous other titles including Europe's Strongest Man and Britain's Strongest Man As a Highland Games competitor he was six times world champion, first winning the title in Lagos in 1981 and held world records in numerous events. Following retirement from competitive sport he continued to be involved in strength athletics as a referee, event promoter and coach. He also ran a sportswear retail shop and became renowned as a world-class breeder of birds. Capes stood 6 feet 5.5 inches (196.9 cm) and weighed 23 stone (150 kg) at his peak condition.
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George Bass
George Bass (30 January 1771 - after 5 February 1803) was a British naval surgeon and explorer of Australia.
He was born on 30 January 1771 at Aswarby, a hamlet near Sleaford, Lincolnshire, the son of a tenant farmer, George Bass, and a local beauty named Sarah Nee Newman. His father died in 1777 when Bass was 6. He had attended Boston Grammar School and later trained in medicine at the hospital at Boston, Lincolnshire. At the age of 18 he was accepted in London as a member of the Company of Surgeons, and in 1794 he joined the Royal Navy as a surgeon.
He arrived in Sydney in New South Wales on HMS Reliance on 7 September 1795. Also on the voyage were Matthew Flinders, John Hunter, Bennelong, and his surgeon's assistant William Martin.
Bass had brought with him on the Reliance a small boat with an 8-foot (2.4 m) keel and 5-foot (1.5 m) beam, which he called the Tom Thumb on account of its size. In October 1795 Bass and Flinders, accompanied by William Martin sailed the Tom Thumb out of Port Jackson to Botany Bay and explored the Georges River further upstream than had been done previously by the colonists. Their reports on their return led to the settlement of Banks' Town.
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George Boole
George Boole ( /ˈbuːl/; 2 November 1815 – 8 December 1864) was an English-born mathematician and logician. His work was in the fields of differential equations and algebraic logic, and he is now best known as the author of The Laws of Thought. As the inventor of the prototype of what is now called Boolean logic, which became the basis of the modern digital computer, Boole is regarded in hindsight as a founder of the field of computer science. Boole said,
... no general method for the solution of questions in the theory of probabilities can be established which does not explicitly recognise ... those universal laws of thought which are the basis of all reasoning ...
George Boole's father, John Boole (1779–1848), was a tradesman in Lincoln and gave him lessons. He had an elementary school education, but little further formal and academic teaching. William Brooke, a bookseller in Lincoln, may have helped him with Latin; which he may also have learned at the school of Thomas Bainbridge. He was self-taught in modern languages. At age 16 Boole took up a junior teaching position in Doncaster, at Heigham's School, being at this point the breadwinner for his parents and three younger siblings. He taught also in Liverpool, briefly.
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Gillian Merron
Gillian Joanna Merron (born 12 April 1959) was a British Labour Party politician, who was also the Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln from 1997 to 2010. From 2009 to 2010 she was Minister of State with responsibility for Public Health at the Department of Health.
Merron was born in Ilford, Essex to a Jewish family, and was educated at Wanstead High School in Wanstead in east London. She went on to attend Lancaster University Management School, gaining a BSc (Hons) in Management Sciences. She worked as a local government officer, and a UNISON and NUPE union official.
Merron joined the Labour party in 1984. Before becoming an MP, Merron was the vice 'chair' for the regional Labour Party executive. She co-ordinated the shadow cabinet central region campaign in the 1992 general election and the 1994 European Parliamentary Election.[citation needed]
Since leaving Parliament, following her defeat in the 2010 general election, Merron has become Chair of Bus Users UK formerly known as The National Federation of Bus Users.
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Guthlac of Crowland
Saint Guthlac of Crowland (Old English: Gūðlāc) (673–714) was a Christian saint from Lincolnshire in England. He is particularly venerated in the Fens of eastern England.
Guthlac was the son of Penwalh or Penwald, a noble of the English kingdom of Mercia, and his wife Tette. His sister is also venerated as Saint Pega. As a young man, he fought in the army of Æthelred of Mercia and subsequently became a monk at Repton Monastery in Derbyshire at age twenty-four. Two years later he sought to live the life of a hermit, and moved out to the island of Croyland, now called Crowland on St Bartholomew's Day, AD 699. His early biographer Felix asserts that Guthlac could understand the strimulentes loquelas of the British-speaking demons who haunted him there, only because Guthlac had spent some time in exile among British-speaking people.
Guthlac built a small oratory and cells to live in in the side of a plundered barrow on the island, and he lived there the rest of his life until his death on April 11 in AD 714. Felix, writing within living memory of Guthlac, described his eremitic life as follows:
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Guy Gibson
Wing Commander Guy Penrose Gibson VC DSO (bar) DFC (bar), RAF (12 August 1918 – 19 September 1944), was the first CO of the Royal Air Force's 617 Squadron, which he led in the "Dam Busters" raid (Operation Chastise) in 1943, resulting in the destruction of two large dams in the Ruhr area. He was awarded the Victoria Cross and died later in the war. He had completed over 170 operations at the age of 24 and was affectionately known as 'The Arch-Bastard' by his squadron.
Gibson was born in Simla, India, during the British Raj, the son of Alexander James Gibson and Norah Gibson. He moved with his family to Porthleven, Cornwall, England in 1924 aged six. At the age of eight, he attended St Georges's Prep School in Folkestone, Kent. His education continued at St Edward's School, Oxford.
In 1936 he joined the RAF, becoming an Acting Pilot Officer with effect from and with seniority of 31 January 1937 and a Pilot Officer on 16 November 1937, learning to fly at No.2 Flying Training School at RAF Scopwick in Lincolnshire. By the outbreak of the Second World War he was a bomber pilot with 83 Squadron, flying the Handley Page Hampden. In July 1940 he won the Distinguished Flying Cross. On the night of 24/25 August 1940 his gunners claimed the probable destruction of a Dornier Do 17 over Lorient docks. After completing his first tour of duty of 27 operational sorties, Gibson volunteered for RAF Fighter Command, avoiding the normal six-month rest from operations at a flying training establishment. He was posted to 29 Squadron flying Bristol Blenheims in a day fighter and bomber escort role.
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Guy Martin
Guy Martin (born 4 November 1981 in Kirmington, North Lincolnshire, England) is a British motorcycle racer and lorry mechanic. He has primarily competed in road racing events.
Martin decided to follow his father Ian's footsteps by racing motorcycles and moved to Ireland to join Team Racing.
After a highly successful debut year on the roads, that saw him win the Cock o' the North and International Gold Cup races at Oliver's Mount, Scarborough as well as the Irish 750cc Support Championship, he moved to the Uel Duncan Racing team for 2004. It was another successful year as he retained the Gold Cup whilst he also made his debut at the International road races with the highlight being 7th in the Senior TT. His best lap was 122.10 mph which, at the time, was the fastest ever lap set by a newcomer and almost 6 mph quicker than the previous best.
Staying with the team for 2005, Martin made further strides forward and at the TT he was the only rider to finish all five of his races inside the top six. A debut podium in the Senior was backed up with a fourth, two fifths and a sixth whilst he improved his lap speeds to in excess of 126 mph. He also took the Scarborough Gold Cup for the third successive year.
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Halford Mackinder
Sir Halford John Mackinder PC (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was an English geographer and is considered one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy.
He was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England, the son of a doctor, and educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Gainsborough (now Queen Elizabeth's High School), Epsom College and Christ Church, Oxford. At Oxford he started studying natural sciences, specialising in zoology under Henry Nottidge Moseley, who had been the naturalist on Challenger expedition. When he turned to the study of history, he remarked that he was returning "to an old interest and took up modern history with the idea of seeing how the theory of evolution would appear in human development". He was a strong proponent of treating both physical geography and human geography as a single discipline. Mackinder served as President of the Oxford Union in 1883.
In 1887, he published "On the Scope and Methods of Geography", a manifesto for the New Geography. A few months later, he was appointed as Reader in Geography at the University of Oxford, where he introduced the teaching of the subject. As Mackinder himself put it, "a platform has been given to a geographer". This was arguably at the time the most prestigious academic position for a British geographer.
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Helen Fospero
Helen Jane Fospero (born 28 November 1966) is an English television newsreader and journalist.
Born Helen Jane Morton in Cleethorpes, she grew up in Grimsby, North East Lincolnshire and attended Whitgift School, Crosland Road, Grimsby. She left school just before her 18th birthday and started her career at the local weekly newspaper. A short time later she joined a national news agency, writing for tabloids and broadsheets in Fleet Street.
Morton's television career began when she was one of the first journalists to be recruited by Sky Television at the end of the 1980s. She was a home news editor when the channel launched in 1989, and took on many roles in her nine years there, including reporter and presenter on Sunrise and Live at Five. In 1997, she was poached by Breakfast Television station GMTV, where she met John Stapleton, who acts as a mentor to her. Fospero was initially the Showbiz correspondent, then later became the United States correspondent, based in New York.
In November 2002, when the BBC launched the new Yorkshire & Lincolnshire area, Fospero was appointed by Greg Dyke to front the new version of regional news magazine programme Look North along with Peter Levy.
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Henry IV of England
Henry IV (possibly 3 April 1366 – 20 March 1413) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399–1413). He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry (of) Bolingbroke ( /ˈbɒlɪŋbrʊk/). His father, John of Gaunt, was the third son of Edward III, and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of Henry's cousin Richard II, whom Henry eventually deposed. Henry's mother was Blanche, heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates, thus he became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenets, one of the two family branches that were belligerents in the War of the Roses. The other one was the York branch, initiated by his uncle Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (see section "Seniority in line from Edward III" below).
One of Henry's elder sisters, Philippa of Lancaster, married John I of Portugal, and his younger sister Elizabeth was the mother of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter. His younger half-sister Catherine, the daughter of his father's second wife, Constance of Castile, was queen consort of Castile. He also had four half-siblings by Katherine Swynford, originally his sisters' governess, then his father's longstanding mistress, and later his third wife. These four children were given the surname Beaufort after a castle their father held in Champagne, France.
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Herbert Ingram
Herbert Ingram (27 May 1811-8 September 1860) was considered the father of pictorial journalism through his founding of The Illustrated London News. He was a Liberal politician who favoured social reform and represented Boston for four years until his early death in a shipping accident.
Ingram was born at Paddock Grove, Boston, Lincolnshire, the son of a butcher,. After being educated at Laughton's Charity School and the free school in Wormgate (a street in Boston), he was apprenticed as a fourteen-year-old to town printer Joseph Clarke. When Ingram finished his training he moved to London where he worked as a journeyman printer.
In 1832 Ingram established his own printing and newsagents business in Nottingham, in partnership with his brother-in-law, Nathaniel Cooke. As a newsagent he noticed that when newspapers included woodcuts, their sales increased. He concluded that it would be possible to make a good profit from a magazine that included a large number of illustrations. However, it was to be a while before he could put this theory into practice. The newsagent business failed to make much progress until Ingram purchased the rights to a laxative known as Parr's Life Pills. The profits from marketing these pills provided the capital which enabled him to set up and publish The Illustrated London News.
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Hereward the Wake
Hereward the Wake (c. 1035 – 1072), known in his own times as Hereward the Outlaw or Hereward the Exile, was an 11th-century leader of local resistance to the Norman conquest of England.
Hereward's base was in the Isle of Ely, and according to legend he roamed The Fens, covering North Cambridgeshire, Southern Lincolnshire and West Norfolk, leading popular opposition to William the Conqueror. The name Hereward is composed of Old English roots here = army, and weard = guard, and is cognate with Old High German Heriwart and modern German Heerwart. The title "the Wake" (meaning "watcher") was popularly assigned to him many years after his death.
Several primary sources exist for Hereward's life, though the accuracy of their information is difficult to evaluate. They are the version of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle written at Peterborough Abbey (ASC), the Domesday Book (DB), the Liber Eliensis (Book of Ely) and, much the most detailed, the Gesta Herewardi (Gesta). To a small extent, they are sometimes mutually contradictory. This probably indicates, as the preface to the Gesta suggests, that conflicting oral legends about Hereward were already current in the Fenland in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries. In addition, there may be some partisan bias in the early writers: the notice of Hereward in the Peterborough Chronicle, for instance, was written in a monastery which he was said to have sacked, some fifty years after the date of the raid. On the other hand, the original version of the Gesta was written in explicit praise of Hereward,; much of its information was provided by men who knew him personally, principally, if the preface is to be believed, a former colleague in arms and member of his father's former household named Leofric the Deacon.
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Hugh of Lincoln
Hugh of Lincoln (also Hugh of Avalon or Hugh of Burgundy; 1135/1140 – London, 16 November 1200) was at the time of the Reformation the best-known English saint after Thomas Becket.
Hugh was born at the château of Avalon, at the border of the Dauphiné with Savoy, the son of William, seigneur of Avalon. His mother Anna died when he was eight, and his father retired to the nearby priory of Villard Benoît at Pontcharra near Grenoble, taking his young son with him.
Hugh did very well, and was suited to the monastic religious life, becoming deacon at the age of nineteen. About 1159 he was sent to be prior of the monastery nearby at Saint-Maximin, then entered the Grande Chartreuse, at the height of its reputation for the rigid austerity of its rules and the earnest piety of its members. There he rose to become procurator, until he was sent in 1179 to become prior of Witham in Somerset, the first English Carthusian house.
Henry II of England, as part of his penance for the murder of Thomas Becket, in lieu of going on crusade as he had promised in his first remorse, had established a Carthusian monastery (charterhouse) some time before, which was settled by monks brought from the Grande Chartreuse. There were difficulties in advancing the building works, however, and the first prior was retired and a second soon died. Henry learned of Hugh and sent an influential embassy to demand his services. Most reluctantly, the Carthusians let him go.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton PRS MP (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727 [NS: 4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727]) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived." His monograph Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, lays the foundations for most of classical mechanics. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
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Jean Ingelow
Jean Ingelow (17 March 1820 – 20 July 1897), was an English poet and novelist.
Born at Boston, Lincolnshire, she was the daughter of William Ingelow, a banker. As a girl she contributed verses and tales to magazines under the pseudonym of Orris, but her first (anonymous) volume, A Rhyming Chronicle of Incidents and Feelings, did not appear until her thirtieth year. This was called charming by Tennyson, who declared he should like to know the author; they later became friends.
Jean Ingelow followed this book of verse in 1851 with a story, Allerton and Dreux, but it was the publication of her Poems in 1863 which suddenly made her a popular writer. They ran rapidly through numerous editions and were set to music, proving very popular for English domestic entertainment. Her work often focused on religious introspection. In the United States, her poems obtained great public acclaim. In 1867 she published The Story of Doom and other Poems, and then gave up verse for a while and became industrious as a novelist. Off the Skelligs appeared in 1872, Fated to be Free in 1873, Sarah de Berenger in 1880, and John Jerome in 1886. She also wrote Studies for Stories (1864), Stories told to a Child (1865), Mopsa the Fairy (1869), and other stories for children. Ingelow's children's stories were influenced by Lewis Carroll and George MacDonald.Mopsa the Fairy, about a boy who discovers a nest of fairies and discovers a fairyland while riding on the back of a pelican) was one of her most popular works (it was reprinted in 1927 with illustrations by Dorothy Lathrop). Anne Thaxter Eaton, writing in A Critical History of Children's Literature, calls the book "a well-constructed tale", with "charm and a kind of logical make-believe." Her third series of Poems was published in 1885. The last years of her life were spent in Kensington, and she outlived her popularity as a poet.
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Jennifer Saunders
Jennifer Jane Saunders (born 6 July 1958) is an English comedienne, screenwriter, singer and actress. She has won two BAFTAs, an International Emmy Award, a British Comedy Award, a Rose d'Or Light Entertainment Festival Award, two Writers' Guild of Great Britain Awards, and a People's Choice Award.
She first came into widespread attention in the 1980s and early 1990s when she became a member of the Comic Strip after graduating from the Central School of Speech and Drama. With her comedy partner Dawn French, she writes and stars in their eponymous sketch show, French & Saunders, for which she and French received a BAFTA fellowship in 2009, and she has received international acclaim for writing and playing the lead role of Edina Monsoon in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous.
She has guest starred in the American sitcoms Roseanne and Friends, and won the American People's Choice Award for voicing the wicked Fairy Godmother in DreamWorks' animated Shrek 2.
Saunders was born in Sleaford, Lincolnshire on 6 July 1958. Her mother was a biology teacher, and her father served as a pilot in the Royal Air Force (RAF), reached the rank of Air Marshal and later worked for British Aerospace. Because her father was in the armed forces, Saunders moved to different schools many times. She was educated from the age of five to 18 in boarding schools and then at St Paul's Girls' School, an independent school in west London. After school, she worked for a year in Italy as an au pair.
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Jim Broadbent
James "Jim" Broadbent (born 24 May 1949) is an English theatre, film, and television actor. He is known for his roles in Iris, Moulin Rouge!, Topsy-Turvy, Hot Fuzz, and Bridget Jones' Diary. He also appears in the Harry Potter films as Horace Slughorn.
Broadbent was born in Holton cum Beckering, the son of Doreen "Dee" Broadbent (née Findlay), a sculptor, and Roy Laverick Broadbent, an artist, sculptor, interior designer, and furniture maker who turned a former church into a theatre named after him. Broadbent's parents were both amateur actors who co-founded the Holton Players acting troupe at Holton cum Beckering; the two were described by the BBC as conscientious objectors who "worked the land" rather than participate in World War II. He had a twin sister who died at birth. Broadbent was educated at Leighton Park School, a Quaker school in Reading, and briefly attended art college before transferring to the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art from which he graduated in 1972.
Broadbent's early stagework included a number of productions for The National Theatre of Brent, as the downtrodden assistant Wallace to Patrick Barlow's self-important actor/manager character Desmond Olivier Dingle. Broadbent and Barlow played many male and female character roles in comically less-than-epic tellings of historical and religious stories such as The Messiah, The Complete Guide to Sex, The Greatest Story Ever Told, Revolution!!, and All The World's A Globe. These were hits at the Edinburgh Fringe, in London, and on tour. Later stage work included the original productions of Kafka's Dick (1986) and Our Country's Good (1988) at the Royal Court Theatre and work for the Royal National Theatre including "The Government Inspector". Work on the stage with Mike Leigh includes Goosepimples and Ecstasy.
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Joan Plowright
Joan Ann Plowright, Lady Olivier, DBE (born 28 October 1929), better known as Dame Joan Plowright, is an English actress, whose career has spanned over sixty years. Throughout her career she has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy, and two BAFTA Awards. Joan Plowright is also one of only four actresses to have won two Golden Globes in the same year.
Plowright was born in Brigg, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Daisy Margaret (née Burton) and William Ernest Plowright, who was a journalist and newspaper editor. She attended Scunthorpe Grammar School and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.
Plowright made her stage debut at Croydon in 1948 and her London debut in 1954. In 1956 she joined the English Stage Company at the Royal Court Theatre and was cast as Margery Pinchwife in The Country Wife. She appeared with George Devine in the Eugène Ionesco play, The Chairs, Shaw's Major Barbara and Saint Joan. In 1957 she co-starred with Sir Laurence Olivier in the original London production of John Osborne's The Entertainer, taking over the role of Jean Rice from Dorothy Tutin when the play transferred from the Royal Court to the Palace Theatre.
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John Foxe
John Foxe (1517 – 18 April 1587) was an English historian and martyrologist, the author of what is popularly known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs (properly The Acts and Monuments), an account of Christian martyrs throughout Western history but emphasizing the sufferings of English Protestants and proto-Protestants from the fourteenth century through the reign of Mary I. Widely owned and read by English Puritans, the book helped mould British popular opinion about the Catholic Church for several centuries.
Foxe was born in Boston, in Lincolnshire, England of a middlingly prominent family and seems to have been an unusually studious and devout child. In about 1534, when he was about sixteen, he entered Brasenose College, Oxford, where he was the pupil of John Hawarden (or Harding), a fellow of the college. In 1535 Foxe was admitted to Magdalen College School, where he may either have been improving his Latin or acting as a junior instructor. He became a probationer fellow in July 1538 and a full fellow the following July.
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John George Haigh
John George Haigh (24 July 1909 – 10 August 1949), commonly known as the "Acid Bath Murderer", was an English serial killer during the 1940s. He was convicted of the murders of six people, although he claimed to have killed nine. He did not use acid actually to kill his victims, but rather as (he believed) a foolproof method of body disposal – dissolving their bodies in concentrated sulphuric acid before forging papers in order to sell their possessions and collect substantial sums of money. During the investigation, it became apparent that Haigh was using the acid to destroy victims' bodies because he misunderstood the term corpus delicti, thinking that if victims' bodies could not be found, then a murder conviction would not be possible. The substantial forensic evidence, notwithstanding the absence of his victims' bodies, was sufficient for him to be convicted for the murders and subsequently executed.
John George Haigh was born in Stamford, Lincolnshire, and grew up in the village of Outwood, West Yorkshire. His parents, John Robert, an engineer, and Emily, née Hudson, were members of the Plymouth Brethren, a conservative Protestant sect who advocated austere lifestyles. He was confined to living within a 10 ft (3 m) fence that his father put up around their garden to lock out the outside world. Haigh would later claim he suffered from recurring religious nightmares in his childhood. Despite these limitations, Haigh developed great proficiency in the piano, which he learned at home.
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John Harrison
John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and later a clockmaker. He invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought device in solving the problem of establishing the East-West position or longitude of a ship at sea, thus revolutionising and extending the possibility of safe long distance sea travel in the Age of Sail. The problem was considered so intractable that the British Parliament offered a prize of £20,000 (comparable to £2.87 million in modern currency) for the solution.
Harrison came 39th in the BBC's 2002 public poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.
John Harrison was born in Foulby, near Wakefield in West Yorkshire, the first of five children in his family. His father worked as a carpenter at the nearby Nostell Priory estate. A house on the site of what may have been the family home bears a blue plaque.
Around 1700, the family moved to the North Lincolnshire village of Barrow upon Humber. Following his father's trade as a carpenter, Harrison built and repaired clocks in his spare time. Legend has it that at the age of six while in bed with smallpox he was given a watch to amuse himself, spending hours listening to it and studying its moving parts.
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John Hunsley
John Hunsley was a bagpiper from Manton, North Lincolnshire and last known player of the Lincolnshire bagpipes, which he played until shortly before his death at around 1850.
Hunsley's music was described as unrefined, or "unmelodious", but popular amongst his peers. Hunsley was known to play for rioutous parties where guests "danced until the brick dust came through the soles of their feet." One commentator noted that Hunsley's bagpipe was "little more than the Oaten Pipe improved with a bag."Organologist Anthony Baines notes that Hunsley used to send his pipes to be "tuned" in Edinburgh. Another reference claimed that he took the pipes himself, on a white pony. The same authority recorded that he was a champion boxer and wrestler, defeated only once in his life.
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John Wesley
John Wesley ( /ˈwɛzlɪ/; 28 June [O.S. 17 June] 1703 – 2 March 1791) was a Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother Charles Wesley, as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to George Whitefield. In contrast to George Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced the Arminian doctrines that were dominant in the 18th-century Church of England. Methodism in both forms was a highly successful evangelical movement in the United Kingdom, which encouraged people to experience Jesus Christ personally.
Wesley's teachings, known as Wesleyanism, provided the seeds for both the modern Methodist movement, the Holiness movement, Pentecostalism, the Charismatic Movement, and Neo-charismatic churches, which encompass numerous denominations across the world. In addition, he refined Arminianism with a strong evangelical emphasis on the Reformed doctrine of justification by faith.
Wesley helped to organize and form societies of Christians throughout England, Scotland, Wales, North America and Ireland as small groups that developed intensive, personal accountability, discipleship and religious instruction among members. His great contribution was to appoint itinerant, unordained preachers who travelled widely to evangelise and care for people in the societies. Young men who acted as their assistants, known as "exhorters", emulated the twelve apostles after the ascension of Jesus.[citation needed]
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John Whitgift
John Whitgift (c. 1530 – 29 February 1604) was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1583 to his death. Noted for his hospitality, he was somewhat ostentatious in his habits, sometimes visiting Canterbury and other towns attended by a retinue of 800 horsemen. Whitgift's theological views were often controversial.
He was the eldest son of Henry Whitgift, a merchant, of Great Grimsby, Lincolnshire, where he was born. His date of birth was probably somewhere between 1530 and 1533. His early education was entrusted to his uncle, Robert Whitgift, abbot of the neighbouring monastery of Wellow, by whose advice he was afterwards sent to St Anthony's School, London. In 1549 he matriculated at Queens' College, Cambridge, and in May 1550 he moved to Pembroke Hall, where the martyr John Bradford was his tutor. In May 1555 he became a fellow of Peterhouse.
Dr. Whitgift is believed to have taught Francis Bacon at Cambridge University in the 1570s.
Having taken orders in 1560, he became chaplain to Richard Cox, Bishop of Ely, who collated him to the rectory of Teversham, Cambridgeshire. In 1563 he was appointed Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, and his lectures gave such satisfaction to the authorities that on 5 July 1566 they considerably augmented his stipend. The following year he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity, and also became master first of Pembroke Hall and then of Trinity. He had a principal share in compiling the statutes of the university, which passed the great seal on 25 September 1570, and in November following he was chosen as vice-chancellor.
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Jonathan Kerrigan
Jonathan Kerrigan (born 14 October 1972 in Lincolnshire) is an English actor well known for his portrayal of gay nurse Sam Colloby in the BBC medical dramas Casualty and Holby City, and as police officers in the series Merseybeat and Heartbeat.
On 5 September 2004, Kerrigan made his first ever episode as the handsome police constable Rob Walker in the British highly popular and long-running primetime television drama series "Heartbeat", set in the 1960s of Yorkshire. Kerrigan made great impressions on the show and gained popularity for the role.
As well as starring in Merseybeat, Kerrigan also composed the theme tune.
In April 2007, Jonathan announced his decision to quit his role as PC Rob Walker, (whom he had played since 2004) in long-running Yorkshire drama Heartbeat. Scottish actor Joseph McFadden replaced him as village constable Joe Mason in the following series of the show. Kerrigan's departure marked the end of another chapter in the series history, as the viewers of the show saw PC Rob Walker ride off on his motorcycle in the sunset.
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Joseph Banks
Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS (24 February [O.S. 13 February] 1743 – 19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771). Banks is credited with the introduction to the Western world of eucalyptus, acacia, mimosa and the genus named after him, Banksia. Approximately 80 species of plants bear Banks's name. Banks was also the leading founder of the African Association, a British organization dedicated to the exploration of Africa, and a member of the Society of Dilettanti, which helped to establish the Royal Academy.
Banks was born in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. Joseph was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9, and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included Constantine John Phipps. As a boy Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside, and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17 he was inoculated with smallpox, but he became ill and did not return to school. In late 1760 he was enrolled as a gentleman-commoner at Oxford University. At Oxford he matriculated at Christ Church, where his studies were largely focused on natural history rather than the classical curriculum. Determined to receive botanical instruction, he paid the Cambridge botanist Israel Lyons to deliver a series of lectures at Oxford in 1764.
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Joseph Ruston
Joseph Ruston (1835 – 11 June 1897) was an English engineer and manufacturer and Liberal Party politician.
Ruston was the son of Robert Ruston a farmer of Chatteris, Isle of Ely and his wife Margaret Seward. He was educated at Wesley College, Sheffield and became an apprentice at the Sheffield cutlery firm of George Wostenholme. On completing his apprenticeship in 1856 with a good commercial training and having a modest inheritance from his father's estate he went into business with Burton and Proctor of Lincoln. He thus became head of the firm of Ruston, Proctor and Company, agricultural implement makers and engineers. In 1870 Ruston was Mayor of Lincoln. He was also a J.P..
Ruston was elected as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln in a by-election in June 1884. He was reelected at the 1885 general election but did not stand again in 1886.
Ruston married Jane Brown in 1859.
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Karl McCartney
Karl Ian McCartney (born 25 October 1968, Birkenhead) is a politician in the United Kingdom. He is Conservative Party member of Parliament for Lincoln, and was first elected in 2010.
McCartney attended Birkenhead School from 1980–1986 and went on to study Geography at St David's University College in Lampeter (now University of Wales, Lampeter) from 1988. At Lampeter he was student union president from 1991–1992 and captained the Welsh Universities First XI football team from 1990–1991.
After completing university in 1992 McCartney worked in the City of London. He has been a school governor since 1995. In 1999 he completed an MBA from Kingston Business School and became a magistrate. As of November 2007 he has had the role of Campaign Director for the Sir Keith Park Memorial Campaign.
McCartney was elected to parliament as MP for Lincoln on in the May 2010 general elections, ousting Gillian Merron.
In 2012 McCartney came under criticism because of a reply to a constituent's letter. In his reply he suggested that legalising gay marriage would lead to "multi-partnership marriages... [and] a reduction in the age of permitted marriage".
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Kate Haywood
Kate Emma Haywood (born 1 April 1987 in Grimsby, England) is an English swimmer. She was the youngest swimmer to represent England in the Commonwealth Games when she qualified for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, where she won a bronze medal in the 4×100 m medley relay. Despite missing out on qualification for the United Kingdom swim squad at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, Haywood qualified for the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia, where she won a silver medal in the 4×100 m medley relay.
She won a joint silver medal (with Sarah Katoulis of Australia) in the 50 m breaststroke at the 2008 World Short Course Championships. She competed at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, finishing in 4th place in the British 4×100 m medley relay team, and reaching the semi-finals in the 100 m breaststroke. She was forced to miss the 2009 Swimming World Championships in Rome due to a hip injury."I'll not hurry back, vows battling Kate". Grimsby Telegraph. 2009-10-29. http://www.sportgrimsby.co.uk/headlines/ll-hurry-vows-battling-Kate/article-1461697-detail/article.html. Retrieved 2009-11-10.
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Katherine Swynford
Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (also spelled Synford), née (de) Roet (also spelled (de) Rouet, (de) Roët, or (de) Roelt) (probably 25 November 1350 – 10 May 1403), was the daughter of Sir Payne (or Paen/Pain/Paon) (de) Roet (also spelled (de) Rouet, (de) Roët or (de) Roelt), originally a Flemish herald from County of Hainaut, later knighted.
Katherine became the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and their descendants were the Beaufort family, which played a major role in the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII, who became King of England in 1485, derived his claim to the throne from his mother Lady Margaret Beaufort, who was a great-granddaughter of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford.
The children of Paganus Ruet (argued by modern-day genealogist Lindsay Brook and followed by biographer Alison Weir as "probably christened as Gilles") included Katherine, her sister Philippa, a son, Walter, and the eldest sister, Isabel (also called Elizabeth) de Roet (Canoness of the convent of St. Waudru's, Mons, c. 1366). Katherine is generally held to have been his youngest child. Weir argues that Philippa was the junior and that both were children of a second marriage.
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Kelly Adams
Kelly Adams (born 16 October 1979 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire) is an English actress.
A pupil of North Kesteven School in North Hykeham, Adams trained at the Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts in Wood Green, London. Initially playing Tara Palmer-Tomkinson in a docu-soap about Prince William, she later appeared in Doctors before playing Mickie Hendrie in Holby City from 2004 to 2006. Her ambitious character left for Newcastle Medical school to study to be a doctor. Adams has since appeared as the servant Eve in the Robin Hood episode "A Thing or Two About Loyalty".
In 2009 Adams joined the cast of long-running BBC1 drama series Hustle for its fifth season, playing the role of Emma Kennedy, a new member of Mickey Bricks' crew of con artists. She has continued in the role of Emma for three further seasons of the drama, the most recent of which (Season 8) aired from 3 February 2012. In an episode of Series 6 Adams plays the role of Kylie Minogue as a parody of Adams' slight resemblance to the Australian singer.
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Kingdom of Lindsey
Lindsey or Linnuis (Old English Lindesege) is the name of a petty Anglo-Saxon kingdom, absorbed into Northumbria in the 7th century.
It lay between the Humber and the Wash, forming its inland boundaries from the course of the Witham and Trent rivers (with the inclusion of an area inside of a marshy region south of the Humber known as the Isle of Axholme), and the Foss Dyke between them. It is believed that Roman Lindum (Lincoln) was the capital of this kingdom, with continuity of the place-name suggesting continuity of settlement traditions: in 625, Bede recounts, the missionary Paulinus of York was received by the praefectus of Lindum. Place-name evidence indicates that the Anglian settlement known as Lindisfaras spread from the Humber coast. Compare Winta and Winteringham.
Its name means the 'island of Lincoln'. This derives from the fact that it was surrounded by water and very wet land and had Lincoln towards its south-west corner. In the period of Anglo-Saxon settlement in Great Britain beginning in about 450, the kingdom of Lindsey was one of the lesser kingdoms within the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. Although it has its own list of kings, at an early date it came under external influence. It was from time to time effectively part of Deira, the Northumbrian kingdom and particularly later, of Mercia. Lindsey's independence was gone well before the arrival of the Danish Settlers.
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Lady Charlotte Guest
Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest, (née Bertie) (19 May 1812 – 15 January 1895), later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, was an English translator and business woman. An important figure in the study of Welsh language and literature, she is best known for her pioneering translation into English of the major medieval work, the Mabinogion.
Guest was born at Uffington House in Uffington, Lincolnshire, the daughter of Albemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey and his second wife Charlotte Susanna Elizabeth Layard. Her father died when she was six, and her mother married secondly the Reverend Peter Pegus, whom Charlotte disliked. She showed a great talent for study and taught herself Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian.
After what may have been a brief flirtation with the future Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, she escaped her unhappy home life through marriage in 1833, which was, however, not a conventional one for her age. Her husband, John Josiah Guest, was an industrialist in Wales, the owner of the Dowlais Iron Company and rather older than she was; he was 49 while she was 21. They moved to Dowlais in Merthyr Tydfil after he was elected as Member of Parliament for Merthyr in 1832. Charlotte was very happy in her marriage, which produced ten children. She took an enthusiastic interest in her husband's philanthropic activities on behalf of the local community and also became involved in the business of the iron works, translating technical documents into French. John Guest was created a baronet in 1838.
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Lee Chapman
Lee Chapman (born Lincoln, 5 December 1959) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker from 1978 until 1996, in which he scored almost 200 first-team goals.
He is best known for spells with Stoke City, Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday, Nottingham Forest and West Ham United. He also played for Plymouth Argyle, Arsenal, Sunderland, Portsmouth, Southend United, Ipswich Town and Swansea City. As well as this he played in both France and Norway for Chamois Niortais and Strømsgodset IF, and was capped by both the England U21 and England B teams.
Chapman began his career at Stoke City, but made his league debut whilst on loan at Plymouth Argyle. On his return to Stoke, Chapman quickly became a first team regular, scoring made 34 goals in 99 appearances between 1979 and 1982.
His goal scoring abilities brought him to the attention of Division One clubs, and in August 1982 Chapman moved to Arsenal for £500,000. However, the move was not a success - he made only 23 appearances for the club between 1982 and 1984, and scored a meagre 4 goals. Chapman moved on to Sunderland for the 1983-84 season, but again failed to establish himself in the team, scoring just 3 goals in 15 appearances.
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Luke Wright
Luke James Wright (born 7 March 1985) is an English cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium bowler. Born in Grantham, Wright joined Sussex in 2004, having started his career at Leicestershire. He was named in England's squad for the Under-19 World Cup in 2004, and joined the International Twenty20 squad for the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship in September 2007. He made his One Day International debut on 5 September 2007 against India.
Wright hit a century on debut for Sussex, and has won the Denis Compton medal on three separate occasions during his domestic career. On 26 June 2007 he smashed his maiden domestic Twenty20 Cup century, scoring 103 from only 45 balls, including 11 fours and six sixes before being bowled by Yasir Arafat in Sussex's 7 wicket win over Kent at Canterbury. Although Sussex were defeated in the semi-finals, Wright ended up as the highest run scorer of the competition. Wright has also found success in the longer one day formats, hitting 125 against Gloucestershire from 73 deliveries.
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Madge Kendal
Dame Madge Kendal GBE (15 March 1848 – 14 September 1935), born as Margaret Shafto Robertson, was an English actress of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, best known for her roles in Shakespeare and English comedies. Together with her husband, W. H. Kendal, she became an important theatre manager.
Kendal was born in Great Grimsby, reportedly the youngest of 22 children of Margharetta Elisabetta Robertson (née Marinus; died 1876), a native of Denmark, and her English husband, William Robertson (died 1872), who joined his wife's family of actors and became their manager in 1830. One of Kendal's brothers was T. W. Robertson, a dramatist who led the movement toward naturalistic acting and design in theatre. One of her sisters, Fanny Robertson, was also an actress.
In 1854, Kendal had her first speaking role as Marie in the drama The Struggle for Gold by Edward Stirling under her father's management. She next appeared with her family as a blind girl, Jeannie, in the stage adaptation of The Seven Poor Travellers by Charles Dickens. Her family was engaged by in Bristol the next year, where Kendal played in an adaptation of Uncle Tom's Cabin as Eva. Although she sang well as a child, she contracted diphtheria, and her voice suffered after the removal of her tonsils. Nevertheless, she played a singing role in A Midsummer Night's Dream, with songs by Felix Mendelssohn, at the Bath Theatre in 1863, starring Ellen Terry as Titania and Kate Terry as Oberon. Throughout this period, she performed with her family in Bristol and Bath.
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Margaret Thatcher
Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC, FRS, née Roberts (born 13 October 1925) is a British politician and the longest-serving (1979–1990) British prime minister of the 20th century, and the only woman ever to have held the post. A Soviet journalist nicknamed her the "Iron Lady", which later became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. As prime minister, she implemented conservative policies that have come to be known as Thatcherism.
Originally a research chemist before becoming a barrister, Thatcher was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Finchley in 1959. Edward Heath appointed her Secretary of State for Education and Science in his 1970 government. In 1975 Thatcher defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election and became Leader of the Opposition, as well as the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom. She became prime minister after winning the 1979 general election.
After entering 10 Downing Street, Thatcher introduced a series of political and economic initiatives to reverse what she perceived as Britain's precipitous national decline. Her political philosophy and economic policies emphasised deregulation (particularly of the financial sector), flexible labour markets, the privatisation of state-owned companies, and reducing the power and influence of trade unions. Thatcher's popularity during her first years in office waned amid recession and high unemployment, until economic recovery and the 1982 Falklands War brought a resurgence of support, resulting in her re-election in 1983. Thatcher was re-elected for a third term in 1987, but her Community Charge (popularly referred to as "poll tax") was widely unpopular and her views on the European Community were not shared by others in her Cabinet. She resigned as Prime Minister and party leader in November 1990, after Michael Heseltine launched a challenge to her leadership.
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Mark Simmonds
Mark Jonathon Mortlock Simmonds (born 12 April 1964) is a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Boston and Skegness in Lincolnshire, and was first elected in 2001, succeeding Sir Richard Body. He was re-elected in 2005 with a greatly increased majority.
Born in Worksop, Simmonds went to Worksop College, then Trent Polytechnic, where he obtained a BSc (Hons) degree in Urban Estate Surveying in 1986. He became an Associate of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors in 1987. He worked as a surveyor for Savills from 1986–88, then was a Partner in Strutt & Parker from 1988-96. He was a Director of Hillier Parker from 1997-9, then Managing Director of Mortlock Simmonds from 1999 until becoming an MP, becoming Chairman.
He contested the Ashfield seat in 1997. Simmonds was promoted to Shadow Health Minister in 2007.
He married Lizbeth Hanomancin Garcia in December 1994 in London, and they have two daughters (born March 1999 and October 2000) and a son (born April 2002).
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Martin Vickers
Martin John Vickers (born 13 September 1950) is a British Conservative Party politician. He was elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cleethorpes at the 2010 general election.
Born in Cleethorpes, North East Lincolnshire, Vickers was educated at Havelock School and Grimsby College. He attained a politics degree at the University of Lincoln after six years as a part-time student in 2004. In 2011, he stepped down as a Conservative councillor on North East Lincolnshire Council for the Scartho ward. Before being elected an MP he served as full-time Conservative agent for an MP in a nearby constituency.[citation needed]
Vickers was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for Cleethorpes in the 2010 general election by a majority of 4,298. On 24 October 2011, Vickers joined the Conservative backbench rebellion to vote in favour of a national referendum on the European Union.
He is married to Ann and has one daughter.
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Matthew Flinders
Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a distinguished navigator and cartographer, who was the first to circumnavigate Australia and identify it as a continent.
On his first voyage to New South Wales, he made friends with the ship's surgeon George Bass, and the two of them presently sailed through what became the Bass Strait, confirming that Tasmania was an island. In 1801 he was commissioned to chart the whole coastline of New Holland, and he specially noted the fertile land around Port Phillip, today's Melbourne.
Heading back to England in 1803, his vessel needed urgent repairs at Mauritius. Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella-term for New Holland and New South Wales - a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.
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Michael Foale
Colin Michael Foale, CBE, PhD (born 6 January 1957) is a British-American astrophysicist with dual citizenship and a NASA astronaut. He is a veteran of six space shuttle missions and extended stays on both Mir and the International Space Station. He was the first Briton to perform a space walk, and until 17 April 2008, he held the record for most time spent in space by a US citizen: 374 days, 11 hours, 19 minutes. He still holds the cumulative-time-in-space record for a UK citizen.
Born in Louth, England (where Michael Foale Lane is named after him), to English father Colin and American mother Mary, he was raised in Cambridge and educated at The King's School, Canterbury. A member of the Air Training Corps, he studied at Queens' College, Cambridge, (with Stephen Fry who when he told him he was going to space mocked him) receiving a doctorate in laboratory astrophysics in 1982. When he left university he: "owned two pairs of jeans, a donkey jacket, a bicycle and a pilot’s licence; which shows I had my priorities absolutely right.”
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Neville Marriner
Sir Neville Marriner (born 15 April 1924) is an English conductor and violinist.
Marriner was born in Lincoln and studied at the Royal College of Music and the Paris Conservatoire. He played the violin in the Philharmonia Orchestra, the Martin String Quartet and London Symphony Orchestra, playing with the latter two for 13 years. He later formed the Jacobean Ensemble with Thurston Dart before going to Hancock, Maine in the United States to study conducting with Pierre Monteux at his school there. In 1959, he founded the Academy of St Martin in the Fields chamber orchestra and recorded profusely with them.
Marriner was the first music director of the Los Angeles Chamber Orchestra, from 1969 to 1978. From 1979 to 1986, he was music director of the Minnesota Orchestra. He was principal conductor of the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1986 to 1989.
Marriner has recorded for various labels, including Argo, L'Oiseau Lyre, Philips and EMI Classics. His recorded repertoire ranges from the baroque era to 20th century British music, as well as opera. Among his recordings are two CDs of British music for Philips Classics with Julian Lloyd Webber, including acclaimed performances of Benjamin Britten's Cello Symphony and Sir William Walton's Cello Concerto. Marriner also supervised the Mozart selections for the soundtrack of the 1984 film Amadeus.
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Nic Dakin
Nicholas Dakin (born 10 July 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Scunthorpe since 2010.
He was educated at Longslade Upper School (now called Longslade Community College) on Wanlip Lane in Birstall, Leicestershire, the University of Hull, and King's College London.
Before his career as an MP began, he was the Principal of John Leggott College Scunthorpe. He was the Leader of North Lincolnshire Council from 1997-2003. after leaving university he taught English at Greatfield High School in Hull (his parliamentary predecessor had also taught at this school). He then taught English in Gävle in eastern Sweden then came to teach English at the John Leggott College.
He was selected in October 2009 to represent Scunthorpe County and won the seat in May 2010 with a majority of 2,549.
He represents many issues related to Education and is a member of the Education Select Committee.
Issues of interest include debt regulation and he recently initiated a Westminster Hall Debate on Debt Management Plans.
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Nicholas Boles
Nicholas Edward Coleridge "Nick" Boles (born 2 November 1965) is a British Conservative Party politician who is the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Grantham and Stamford constituency in Lincolnshire. He was previously a Westminster City councillor and the Director of Policy Exchange, a think tank based in Westminster.
Boles was a scholar at Winchester College before studying PPE at Magdalen College, Oxford, then winning a Kennedy Scholarship to study for a Master's in Public Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University.[citation needed]
In 1995, he founded a small DIY supply small business—Longwall Holdings Limited—of which he is non-executive chairman, having served as the chief executive until 2000. In 1998, he was elected to Westminster City Council for the West End ward comprising Mayfair and Soho. He was chairman of the Housing Committee from 1999 to 2001, before stepping down in 2002. During much of this time, Boles flatshared with fellow Conservative activists Michael Gove and Ivan Massow. He and Gove, along with fellow Westminster Conservatives Ed Vaizey, David Cameron, George Osborne and Rachel Whetstone, are sometimes referred to as the 'Notting Hill Set' an influential group of relatively young Conservatives. He founded the think tank Policy Exchange in 2002 and served as the Director until leaving the organisation in 2007 to avoid a potential conflict of interest. During his tenure Policy Exchange became one of the most influential think tanks in the country, especially after David Cameron was elected Conservative Party leader in 2005.
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Nicholas Parsons
Christopher Nicholas Parsons OBE (born 10 October 1923) is a British radio and television presenter and actor.
Parsons was born at 1 Castlegate, Grantham, Lincolnshire, the middle child, with an older brother and a younger sister. His father was a general practitioner in Vine Street, whose patients included the parents of Margaret Thatcher. It is possible he delivered the future Prime Minister in 1925. His mother, born in Bristol to a founder of local company WB Maggs & Co., was training as a nurse when she met Parsons' father in a hospital.
Parsons was born left-handed but was made to write with his right hand. As a child, Parsons had a stutter, which he overcame by the age of 15, and was slow to learn owing to dyslexia. He also suffered migraines. Educated at St Paul's School in London, he wanted to be an actor. However, his parents considered that a career in engineering would be better, as he had repaired clocks and was good with his hands.
After he had left school, his family contacted relatives in Scotland who arranged a job for him in Clydebank near Glasgow, where he spent five years employed in the shipyards of Clydeside by Drysdales, in the manufacture of pumps. Whilst there he also had two six-month periods studying engineering at the University of Glasgow. Although he never graduated, he gained enough qualifications to become a marine engineer and was given a position in the Merchant Navy during World War II, which he never took up owing to illness.
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Old Mother Riley
Old Mother Riley was a music hall act which originally ran from about 1934 to 1954 played by Arthur Lucan, then from 1954 to 1977 by Roy Rolland.
Old Mother Riley was an Irish washerwoman character, devised by Lucan (born Arthur Towle). His wife Kitty McShane played Old Mother Riley's daughter, Kitty. It was essentially a drag act but also a double act. They were hugely successful at the time, playing music halls, theatres, radio and films. They also gave Jimmy Clitheroe his big break in 1939 in an Old Mother Riley pantomime called The Old Woman who Lives in a Shoe, and then the following year a part in their film, Old Mother Riley in Society.
After Lucan's death, the Old Mother Riley character was played by Roy Rolland (1921–1977), although occasionally called Old Mother Kelly and, for pantomime, Old Mother Goose. Rolland's Old Mother Riley was a regular on the 1970's children's variety show Junior Showtime, and at the end of his life he performed with Danny La Rue, who played daughter Kitty.
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Patricia Hodge
Patricia Ann Hodge (born on 29 September 1946 in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire) is an English actor.
The daughter of the Royal Hotel owner/manager Eric and his wife Marion (née Phillips), Hodge attended Wintringham Girls' Grammar School on Weelsby Avenue in Grimsby and then St. Helen's School, Northwood, Middlesex; before attending Maria Grey College (became West London Institute of Higher Education in 1976 then the Twickenham campus of Brunel University from 1995–2005), Twickenham to train as a teacher. She undertook teaching drama in a primary school for a year, whilst also applying to London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art,. She started at LAMDA when she was 22, being awarded on graduation the Eveline Evans Award for Best Actress.
After graduation, she concentrated on theatre work and 18 months later worked with Bob Fosse on Pippin. However, she found when applying for television work she had become classed as a theatre actress. Having made the break-through in the role of Phyllida (Trant) Erskine-Brown in Rumpole of the Bailey, she found when trying to make the occasional return to theatre work that she had been classed as a television actress. Finding the need to have a flexible career to care for her young children, Hodge made the decision to focus her career on the stage, and hence is mainly seen on television in focus parts and singular roles in-between chosen different theatre roles.
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Paul Mayo
Paul Mayo (born 13 October 1981 in Lincoln) is an English footballer, who currently plays for Stamford. His preferred positions are left-sided full-back role or left wing-back and notably played for his home town team Lincoln City, having two separate spells at the club but despite being a relative success his professional career peaked at an early age.
Mayo has also played for Dagenham & Redbridge, Watford, Notts County, Darlington, Mansfield Town, Corby Town and Gainsborough Trinity.
Mayo was educated in Lincolnshire at Robert Pattinson School.[citation needed] He started his career at Lincoln City, playing over 100 times for the club and featuring in their Division Three play-off semi-final defeat to Bournemouth in the 2002–03 season. Whilst in his first spell with the club Mayo made a name for himself while under the management tenure of Keith Alexander.
In March 2004 he was signed by Division One side Watford for £65,000. Replacing Paul Robinson, who had been sold to West Brom the previous autumn, he played regularly for the remainder of the 2003–04 season. He started in the side the next season, but dropped out of the side in October and only played twice more for the club. New Watford boss Aidy Boothroyd deemed him surplus to requirements.
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Percy Grainger
George Percy Aldridge Grainger (8 July 1882 – 20 February 1961), known as Percy Grainger, was an Australian-born composer, arranger and pianist. In the course of a long and innovative career he played a prominent role in the revival of interest in British folk music in the early years of the 20th century. He also made many adaptations of other composers' works. Although much of his work was experimental and unusual, the piece with which he is most generally associated is his piano arrangement of the folk-dance tune "Country Gardens".
Grainger left Australia at the age of 13 to attend the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. Between 1901 and 1914 he was based in London, where he established himself first as a society pianist and later as a concert performer, composer and collector of original folk melodies. As his reputation grew he met many of the significant figures in European music, forming important friendships with Frederick Delius and Edvard Grieg. He became a champion of Nordic music and culture, his enthusiasm for which he often expressed in private letters in explicitly racist and anti-Semitic terms.
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Peter De Wint
Peter De Wint (21 January 1784 – 30 January 1849) was an English landscape painter. A number of his pictures are in the National Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum and The Collection, Lincoln. He died in London.
De Wint was the son of an English physician of Dutch extraction who had come to England from New York. He was born in Stone, Staffordshire. He moved to London in 1802, and was apprenticed to John Raphael Smith, the mezzotint engraver and portrait painter. He bought his freedom from Smith in 1806, on condition that he supplied eighteen oil paintings over the following two years.
In 1806 he visited Lincoln for the first time, with the painter of historical subjects William Hilton, R.A., whose sister Harriet he married in 1810. De Wint and Hilton lived together in Broad Street, Golden Square, where John Varley also lived. Varley gave De Wint further lessons and introduced him to Dr Monro, who ran an informal academy for young artists.
De Wint first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1807, and the following year at the Gallery of Associated Artists in Watercolours. In 1809 entered the Royal Academy schools. He was elected an Associate of the Old Watercolour Society in 1810 and was made a full member the following year. By that time, as an established drawing-master, he was spending his summers teaching well-to-do provincial families. In 1812 he became a member of the Society of Painters in Watercolours, where he exhibited largely for many years, as well as at the Academy.
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Poles
The Polish people, or Poles (Polish: Polacy [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular: Polak), are a nation indigenous to Poland. They speak the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe. The Polish word for a Polish person is "Polak" (masculine) and "Polka" (feminine).
The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland. Poland's inhabitants live in the following historic regions of the country: Wielkopolska, Małopolska, Mazovia, Pomerania, Warmia, Mazury, Podlasie, Kujawy and Silesia. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine), the Americas (the United States, Brazil and Argentina) and Australia. Chicago, in the United States, has the world's largest urban Polish population after Warsaw.
Over a thousand years ago, the Polans of Giecz, Gniezno and Poznań — an influential tribe in Wielkopolska — succeeded in uniting Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving rise to the Polish state.
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Richard Foxe
Richard Foxe (sometimes Richard Fox) (c. 1448–5 October 1528) was an English churchman, successively Bishop of Exeter, Bath and Wells, Durham, and Winchester, Lord Privy Seal, and founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
Foxe was born at Ropsley near Grantham, Lincolnshire. His parents belonged to the yeoman class, and little is known about Foxe's early career. He is thought to have gone to Magdalen College, Oxford, from which he drew many members of his subsequent foundation, Corpus Christi. He also appears to have studied at Cambridge University, but nothing definite is known of his first thirty-five years.
In 1484, Foxe was in Paris possibly for the sake of learning or because he had made himself unpopular with Richard III. There he came into contact with Henry Tudor, who was beginning his quest for the English throne, and was taken into his service. In January 1485 Richard intervened to prevent Foxe's appointment to the vicarage of Stepney on the ground that he was keeping company with the "great rebel, Henry ap Tuddor."
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Robert Grosseteste
Robert Grosseteste ( /ˈɡroʊstɛst/ GROHS-test) or Grossetete (/ˈɡroʊsteɪt/ GROHS-tayt; c. 1175 – 9 October 1253) was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of humble parents at Stradbroke in Suffolk. A.C. Crombie calls him "the real founder of the tradition of scientific thought in medieval Oxford, and in some ways, of the modern English intellectual tradition".
There is very little direct evidence about Grosseteste's education. He may have received training in the Liberal Arts at Hereford, in light of his connection to the Bishop of Hereford in the 1190s and a recommendation from Giraldus Cambrensis. It is fairly certain that Grosseteste was a master by 1192, but whether that indicated he completed a course of studies is unclear. Grosseteste acquired a position in the bishop's household, but at the death of this patron, he disappeared from the historical record. He appears again in the early thirteenth century as a judge-delegate in Hereford, but there are no specific details of where he resided or whether he had continued to study.
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Robert Tighe
Robert Tighe (or Teigh or Tjghe, sometimes misspelled Leigh), (born in Deeping, Lincolnshire, died 1620) was an English cleric and linguist. He was educated at both Oxford and Cambridge and served as Archdeacon of Middlesex and Vicar of the Church of All Hallows Barking, London. He left his son an unusually large estate of £1000 per annum. He was among the "First Westminster Company" charged by James I of England with the translation of the first 12 books of the King James Version of the Bible.
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Rod Temperton
Rodney Lynn "Rod" Temperton (born October 15, 1947 in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire, England) is an English songwriter, record producer and musician most famous for writing a number of songs performed by Michael Jackson, including the title track of Jackson's Thriller, the biggest-selling album of all time.
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Samantha Cameron
Samantha Gwendoline Cameron (née Sheffield; born 18 April 1971 ) is a British business executive and wife of David Cameron MP, the leader of the Conservative Party and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Until 13 May 2010 Cameron was the creative director of stationers Smythson of Bond Street. She took on a part time consultancy role after her husband became Prime Minister.
Cameron is the elder daughter of Sir Reginald Adrian Berkeley Sheffield, 8th Baronet (a landowner descended from King Charles II of England) and his first wife Annabel Lucy Veronica Jones. Cameron is a distant cousin of Diana, Princess of Wales. Sir Reginald and Annabel married on 11 November 1969; Samantha was born in 1971, Emily in 1973; the couple divorced in 1974. Her mother remarried William Waldorf Astor, 4th Viscount Astor.
Cameron grew up on the 300-acre (121-hectare) estate of Normanby Hall, five miles (8 km) north of Scunthorpe in North Lincolnshire. Her family also owns a large Yorkshire estate called Sutton Park.
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Samuel Eyles Pierce
The Rev. Samuel Eyles Pierce (Upottery, Devonshire, England, 23 June 1746 - Clapham, Surrey, England 10 May 1829) was an English preacher, theologian, and Calvinist divine. A Dissenter from the Honiton area, Pierce was an evangelical church minister aligned with Calvinist Baptist theology. He wrote more than fifty books and many sermons.
Pierce was born on June 23, 1746 at the Vicarage House, at Upottery Rectory, near Honiton, Devon, the son of Adam Pierce (1717–1785), cabinet-maker, and Susannah (c.1710–1770), daughter of Joseph Chilcott, vicar of Upottery. A shy boy, he was brought up in a Christian household and was educated by his maternal grandfather, master of the grammar school in Honiton. He was apprenticed to a trade he was discontented with and soon developed a sense of doom over numerous natural disasters during this period such as the Lisbon earthquake, the Sherborne comet of 1768, local fires and a lightning strike on Moorfields Tabernacle which killed a worshipper.
He was inspired to become a preacher after reading Anthony Horneck's The Crucified Jesus, and soon began reading St Augustine, Philip Doddridge's The Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul, sermons by James Hervey and George Whitfield. He gained experience in London February 1772 and August 1775, influenced by William Romaine. He was particular opposed to the Methodist teachings of John Wesley and encountered hostility from the Methodists throughout his career. In 1775, he was admitted to Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon's Coleg Trefeca, but again discontent, he was sent by Lady Huntingdon to serve the church in Gainsborough where he was ousted within a short period after the congregation accused him of antinomianism and soon transferred to Lincoln. He returned several times to Trefeca between 1776 and 1780 for Lady Huntington and gained some experience in Lincolnshire, Somerset, Sussex, Kent, and Cornwall.
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Sarah Swift
Dame Sarah Ann Swift, GBE, RRC (22 November 1854, Kirton Skeldyke, Lincolnshire – 27 June 1937, Marylebone) was a nurse and founder in 1916 of the Royal College of Nursing, thereby introducing Nurse registration.
She was born on the Blossom Hall Estate at Kirton Skeldyke in Holland, Lincolnshire, the daughter of a tenant farmer.
Previously, she had been Matron of Guy's Hospital (1901-09), then retired, but in the First World War she returned to this position for the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St John of Jerusalem in England.
With help from the Hon. Arthur Stanley (Chairman of the War Committee) she set up the College of Nursing. A letter was sent out to all the training hospitals outlining the idea pointing out that although there was disagreement on issues relating to registration there was a need to coordinated nursing and all trained nurses should unite in one democratic organisation with the power in the hands of the membership.
By 1918 there were 13,000 Members. They elected the first council and set up Centres (later to be called Branches). The College of Nursing later became the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) modelled on the Royal College of Physicians and surgeons. On 27 March 1916 the College of Nursing was registered. It became the Royal College of Nursing in 1947.
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Sheridan Smith
Sheridan Smith (born 25 June 1981) is an English actress and singer known for her contributions to the British sitcoms Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps, Gavin & Stacey and Benidorm. She is also a critically acclaimed West End theatre actress; winning 2 prestigious Laurence Olivier Awards in 2 consecutive years. In 2011, she won the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for originating the role of Elle Woods in Legally Blonde the Musical and, in 2012, received the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role for her performance as Doris in the revival of Flare Path.
Smith was born in Epworth, Lincolnshire and from an early age studied dance with the Joyce Mason School of Dancing in Scunthorpe She also trained in movement and dance with Kay Traviss. She attended South Axholme Community School where she studied Performing Arts. She was a member of the National Youth Music Theatre from 1995–2001, performing a number of lead roles in productions such as Bugsy Malone and Into the Woods.
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Sybil Thorndike
Dame Agnes Sybil Thorndike CH DBE (24 October 1882 – 9 June 1976) was a British actress.
She was born in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire to Arthur Thorndike and Agnes Macdonald. Her father was a Canon of Rochester Cathedral. She was educated at Rochester Grammar School for Girls, and first trained as a classical pianist, making weekly visits to London for music lessons at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama.
She gave her first public performance as a pianist at the age of 11, but in 1899 was forced to give up playing owing to piano cramp. At the instigation of her brother, the author Russell Thorndike, she then trained as an actress.
At the age of 21 she was offered her first professional contract: a tour of the United States with the actor-manager Ben Greet's company. She made her first stage appearance in Greet's 1904 production of Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor. She went on to tour the U.S. in Shakespearean repertory for four years, playing some 112 roles.
In 1908 Sybil was spotted by the playwright George Bernard Shaw when she understudied the leading role of Candida in a tour directed by Shaw himself. There she also met her future husband, Lewis Casson. They were married in December 1908, and had four children - John (1909–1999), Christopher (1912–1996), Mary (1914–2009) and Ann (1915–1990).
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Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine (January 29, 1737 (NS February 9, 1737) – June 8, 1809) was an English-American author, pamphleteer, radical, inventor, intellectual, revolutionary, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He has been called "a corsetmaker by trade, a journalist by profession, and a propagandist by inclination."
Born in Thetford, England, in the county of Norfolk, Paine immigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 in time to participate in the American Revolution. His principal contributions were the powerful, widely read pamphlet Common Sense (1776), the all-time best-selling American book that advocated colonial America's independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain, and The American Crisis (1776–83), a pro-revolutionary pamphlet series. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said, "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain.”
Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. He wrote the Rights of Man (1791), in part a defense of the French Revolution against its critics. His attacks on British writer Edmund Burke led to a trial and conviction in absentia in 1792 for the crime of seditious libel. In 1792, despite not speaking French, he was elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December of 1793, he was arrested and imprisoned in Paris, then released in 1794. He became notorious because of The Age of Reason (1793–94), his book that advocates deism, promotes reason and freethinking, and argues against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular. He also wrote the pamphlet Agrarian Justice (1795), discussing the origins of property, and introduced the concept of a guaranteed minimum income.
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Thomas Turgoose
Thomas Aiden Turgoose (born 11 February 1992) is an English actor.
Turgoose was born on 11 February 1992 and brought up in Grimsby, Lincolnshire. He attended Wintringham School.[citation needed]
In his first film role in 2006, aged 14, he played the lead character, Shaun, in This Is England, written and directed by Shane Meadows. On television he played the character Dizzy, a young boy mentored by Adam Solomons (Luke Treadaway), in the 2006 BBC drama series The Innocence Project. The programme was cancelled after eight episodes due to poor ratings and negative reviews. Turgoose's character was in six of the eight episodes. But, in 2008 he was again in a Shane Meadows film, Somers Town, where he co-starred in a comedy role with young Polish actor Piotr Jagiello. Both young actors shared the "Best Actor in a Narrative Feature" award at New York's Tribeca Film Festival. He is in the current film The Scouting Book For Boys, and appeared in This Is England '86, a 4-part TV series for Channel 4 looking at characters from This is England three years on. A year later, he appeared in the three-part series This is England 88, aired just before Christmas 2011, and during 2012 is set to appear in a further series This is England 90.
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Tony Jacklin
Anthony Jacklin CBE (born 7 July 1944) is an English golfer, who was the most successful British player of his generation. He was also the most successful European Ryder Cup captain ever.
Jacklin was born in the North Lincolnshire town of Scunthorpe in 1944, the son of a truck driver. He attended Henderson Avenue Primary School in the town. He turned professional in 1962.
Jacklin won two majors. In 1969, he became the first British player to win The Open Championship for 18 years. The following season he won the U.S. Open. It was the only victory by a European player in an 84-year span (1926–2009); Northern Ireland's Graeme McDowell ended that streak in 2010.
Jacklin won eight events on the European Tour between its first season in 1972 and 1982. He also won tournaments in Europe prior to the European Tour era, and in the United States, South America, South Africa and Australasia. His 1968 PGA Tour win at the Jacksonville Open Invitational was the first by a European player on the U.S. Tour since the 1920s; Jacklin was the first British player since the 1940s and Henry Cotton to devote much of his effort to American Tour events.
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William Byrd
William Byrd (1540 or late 1539 – 4 July 1623) was an English composer of the Renaissance. He wrote in many of the forms current in England at the time, including various types of sacred and secular polyphony, keyboard (the so-called Virginalist school) and consort music.
Knowledge of Byrd's biography expanded in the late 20th century, thanks largely to the research of John Harley (Harley, 1997). Following the discovery of a document dated 2 October 1598 in which Byrd's age is given as "58 years or there abouts," it now appears that he was born in 1540. The older dating 1542–3 is derived from Byrd's will (endorsed on 22 November 1622) which describes him as 'in the 80th year of my age'. It now becomes clear that it must have been drafted about three years earlier than the date of endorsement. Byrd was born in London, the son of a Thomas Byrd (not Thomas Byrd of the Chapel Royal) about whom little is known. Byrd had two brothers, Symon'd and John, and four sisters. It is clear from a reference in the prefatory material in the Tallis/Byrd Cantiones of 1575 that Byrd was a pupil of Thomas Tallis, then the leading composing member of the Chapel Royal Choir. Byrd also worked in collaboration with two other Chapel Royal singing-men, John Sheppard and William Mundy, on one of his earliest compositions, a contribution to a joint setting of the alternatim psalm In exitu Israel composed for the procession to the font at the Paschal Vigil. As an item for the Sarum liturgy this was presumably composed near the end of the reign of Mary Tudor (1553–1558), whose Catholic beliefs impelled her to revive Sarum liturgical practices during her brief reign. In view of these contacts it is reasonable to speculate that Byrd was a Chapel Royal choirboy, though the surviving records do not name the choristers individually.
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William Stukeley
William Stukeley FRS, FRCP, FSA (7 November 1687 – 3 March 1765) was an English antiquarian who pioneered the archaeological investigation of the prehistoric monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury, work for which he has been remembered as "probably... the most important of the early forerunners of the discipline of archaeology". Stukeley was also one of the first biographers of Isaac Newton, of whom he was a friend.
Becoming involved in the newly fashionable organisation of Freemasonry, he also began to describe himself as a "druid", and incorrectly believed that the prehistoric megalithic monuments were a part of the druidic religion. However, despite this he has been noted as being a significant figure in the early development of the modern movement known as Neo-druidry.
William Stukeley was the son of a lawyer at Holbeach in Lincolnshire on the site of Stukeley Hall, a primary school that now bears his name. After taking his M.B. degree at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, Stukeley went to London and studied medicine at St Thomas' Hospital. In 1710, he started in practice in Boston, Lincolnshire, becoming a member of Spalding Gentlemen's Society (founded by his friend Maurice Johnson II), before returning in 1717 to London. In the same year, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and, in 1718, joined in the establishment of the Society of Antiquaries, acting for nine years as its secretary. In 1719 Stukeley took his M.D. degree, and in 1720 became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, publishing in the same year his first contribution to antiquarian literature.
wn.com/William_Stukeley -
William Tritton
Sir William Ashbee Tritton, M.I.Mech.E., J.P. (born 1875, London; died September 1946, Lincoln) was an expert in agricultural machinery, and was directly involved, together with Major Walter Gordon Wilson, in the development of the tank. Early in the First World War he was asked to produce designs for caterpillar tracked tractors for moving naval guns, the result being eventually the first modern tanks. He was the son of a London stockbroker, educated at Christ's College Finchley and King's College London. In 1906 he joined William Foster & Co. Ltd in Lincoln, and from 1911 until 1939, he was chairman of the company, after which he became managing director.
In 1916 he married Isobel Grahame Gillies. He was knighted in 1917.
He died in Lincoln aged 70 in September 1946. Tritton Road in Lincoln is named after him and a blue plaque is located at the entrance of a supermarket at the northern end of the road around the site of the original factories.
wn.com/William_Tritton
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Lincolnshire Roadtrip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Like 'Road Trip' the movie, but in Lincolnshire. We just drove around a bit to see what fun we could find. We found a cloud factory! If the Lincolnshire tourist board had commissioned this, they would have paid us millions. Follow on Twitter: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Roadtrip
Like 'Road Trip' the movie, but in Lincolnshire. We just drove around a bit to see what fun we could find. We found a cloud factory! If the Lincolnshire tourist board had commissioned this, they would have paid us millions. Follow on Twitter: www.twitter.com
British Drama League : "The Lincolnshire Accent" by Arthur Newstead
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
The Lincolnshire Accent spoken by Arthur Newstead of Lincoln Fen
http://wn.com/British_Drama_League_The_Lincolnshire_Accent_by_Arthur_Newstead
The Lincolnshire Accent spoken by Arthur Newstead of Lincoln Fen
- published: 23 Dec 2010
- views: 5860
- author: EMGColonel
1_06: The Lincolnshire Poacher
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Track Name: The Lincolnshire Poacher Disk: 1 Track: 06 Language: English This station ruined that song for me.
http://wn.com/1_06_The_Lincolnshire_Poacher
Track Name: The Lincolnshire Poacher Disk: 1 Track: 06 Language: English This station ruined that song for me.
- published: 19 Jan 2011
- views: 34971
- author: TheConetArchive
Lincolnshire Posy - I. Lisbon By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:29
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy I. Lisbon (Sailors Song) The main theme of the movement is presented first in the muted trumpets and is set against a war-like motif in the horns. Like the fourth movement, this movement ends in a serene, suspended pianissimo that contrasts the general tone of the movement as a whole.
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_I_Lisbon_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy I. Lisbon (Sailors Song) The main theme of the movement is presented first in the muted trumpets and is set against a war-like motif in the horns. Like the fourth movement, this movement ends in a serene, suspended pianissimo that contrasts the general tone of the movement as a whole.
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 77896
- author: concertbandland
Lincolnshire Roadtrip
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:10
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
Two blog posts about our trip: www.gemsmaquillage.com www.gemsmaquillage.com The hotel we stayed at: thegolf-hotel.com The Kinema in the Woods: www.thekinemainthewoods.co.uk Daily Posts on: www.gemsmaquillage.com My Beauty Channel www.youtube.com My Health Channel: www.youtube.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com GoodReads: www.goodreads.com The music in the video is "She Will Stay Beneath the Moon" by Adam Barnes. Available here for 99p itunes.apple.com His EP Blisters £4.49 here itunes.apple.com I have permission to use this track from Lab Records. labrecs.com FTC - This video is not sponsored, all opinions are my own. Some affiliate links used when linking to books. xoxo
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Roadtrip
Two blog posts about our trip: www.gemsmaquillage.com www.gemsmaquillage.com The hotel we stayed at: thegolf-hotel.com The Kinema in the Woods: www.thekinemainthewoods.co.uk Daily Posts on: www.gemsmaquillage.com My Beauty Channel www.youtube.com My Health Channel: www.youtube.com Twitter: www.twitter.com Facebook: www.facebook.com GoodReads: www.goodreads.com The music in the video is "She Will Stay Beneath the Moon" by Adam Barnes. Available here for 99p itunes.apple.com His EP Blisters £4.49 here itunes.apple.com I have permission to use this track from Lab Records. labrecs.com FTC - This video is not sponsored, all opinions are my own. Some affiliate links used when linking to books. xoxo
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 5685
- author: unicyclephysics
Lincolnshire Posy - II. Horkstow Grange By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy II. Horkstow Grange (The Miser and his Man) In Horkstow Grange there lives an old miser, you all do know him as I've heard tell, It was him and his man that was called John Bowlin', they fell out one market day.
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_II_Horkstow_Grange_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy II. Horkstow Grange (The Miser and his Man) In Horkstow Grange there lives an old miser, you all do know him as I've heard tell, It was him and his man that was called John Bowlin', they fell out one market day.
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 82258
- author: concertbandland
Lincolnshire Posy (Complete) / Carrollton Wind Symphony
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:08
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
I. Lisbon -- 0:00 II. Horkstow Grange -- 1:31 III. Rufford Park Poachers -- 4:43 IV. The Brisk Young Sailor -- 9:05 V. Lord Melbourne -- 10:55 VI. The Lost Lady Found -- 14:14 Conducted by Jim McDaniel. May 27, 2011.
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_Complete_Carrollton_Wind_Symphony
I. Lisbon -- 0:00 II. Horkstow Grange -- 1:31 III. Rufford Park Poachers -- 4:43 IV. The Brisk Young Sailor -- 9:05 V. Lord Melbourne -- 10:55 VI. The Lost Lady Found -- 14:14 Conducted by Jim McDaniel. May 27, 2011.
- published: 28 May 2011
- views: 7965
- author: David Binford
Earthquake Hits UK Britain Earth Tremor 27/2/08 Market Rasen
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 31 May 2012
People from across large parts of England have reported an earth tremor. The BBC received calls from people in Yorkshire, the Midlands, Manchester, the Thames Valley, Norfolk, Preston, Newcastle and London about a "quake". The tremor was felt at about 0100 GMT and lasted for nearly 10 seconds but it is unclear if it has caused any damage. The British Geological Survey said it believed the quake was of the magnitude of 5.1 and said the epicentre was close to Grimsby in north-east Lincolnshire
http://wn.com/Earthquake_Hits_UK_Britain_Earth_Tremor_27_2_08_Market_Rasen
People from across large parts of England have reported an earth tremor. The BBC received calls from people in Yorkshire, the Midlands, Manchester, the Thames Valley, Norfolk, Preston, Newcastle and London about a "quake". The tremor was felt at about 0100 GMT and lasted for nearly 10 seconds but it is unclear if it has caused any damage. The British Geological Survey said it believed the quake was of the magnitude of 5.1 and said the epicentre was close to Grimsby in north-east Lincolnshire
- published: 27 Feb 2008
- views: 32156
- author: Olivermedia
BBC Radio 4 Broadcast of "Tracking The Lincolnshire Poacher"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:44
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
The BBC Radio 4 Broadcast of "Tracking The Lincolnshire Poacher," first aired in 2005. "BBC Radio's Simon Fanshawe embarks on a detective journey into the clandestine world of radio cryptography and attempts to solve one of the most unusual broadcast mysteries of all time." The phenomenon of so-called "number stations," mysterious shortwave radio broadcasts that seem to exist only to transmit spoken-word numbers, snippets of weird songs and enigmatic codes, is a genuine mystery. Exactly who is broadcasting these transmissions and why is unknown. One theory holds that the transmissions are part of espionage efforts by the intelligence agencies of different countries, another, that they are the work of organized drug smugglers, while still another claims that they are actually communications between extraterrestrial space aliens! (One commentator on an Internet message board even referred to them as "the aural equivalent of crop circles"). The espionage theory seems to be the most plausible. Akin Fernandez, creator of The Conet Project CD, states that, "Shortwave numbers stations are a perfect method of anonymous, one way communication. Spies located anywhere in the world can be communicated to by their masters via small, locally available, and unmodified shortwave receivers. The encryption system used by numbers stations, known as a "one time pad" is unbreakable. Combine this with the fact that it is almost impossible to track down the message recipients once they are ...
http://wn.com/BBC_Radio_4_Broadcast_of_Tracking_The_Lincolnshire_Poacher
The BBC Radio 4 Broadcast of "Tracking The Lincolnshire Poacher," first aired in 2005. "BBC Radio's Simon Fanshawe embarks on a detective journey into the clandestine world of radio cryptography and attempts to solve one of the most unusual broadcast mysteries of all time." The phenomenon of so-called "number stations," mysterious shortwave radio broadcasts that seem to exist only to transmit spoken-word numbers, snippets of weird songs and enigmatic codes, is a genuine mystery. Exactly who is broadcasting these transmissions and why is unknown. One theory holds that the transmissions are part of espionage efforts by the intelligence agencies of different countries, another, that they are the work of organized drug smugglers, while still another claims that they are actually communications between extraterrestrial space aliens! (One commentator on an Internet message board even referred to them as "the aural equivalent of crop circles"). The espionage theory seems to be the most plausible. Akin Fernandez, creator of The Conet Project CD, states that, "Shortwave numbers stations are a perfect method of anonymous, one way communication. Spies located anywhere in the world can be communicated to by their masters via small, locally available, and unmodified shortwave receivers. The encryption system used by numbers stations, known as a "one time pad" is unbreakable. Combine this with the fact that it is almost impossible to track down the message recipients once they are ...
- published: 28 May 2011
- views: 11332
- author: Curt Rowlett
Lincolnshire Posy - IV. The Brisk Young Sailor By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy IV. The Brisk Young Sailor (Who returned to wed his True Love)
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_IV_The_Brisk_Young_Sailor_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy IV. The Brisk Young Sailor (Who returned to wed his True Love)
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 57344
- author: concertbandland
Lincolnshire Poacher Numbers Station
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
The 'Numbers' station - Lincolnshire Poacher, Enigma Classifiacation : E3.
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Poacher_Numbers_Station
The 'Numbers' station - Lincolnshire Poacher, Enigma Classifiacation : E3.
- published: 17 May 2008
- views: 71434
- author: Hanglands
Lincolnshire Posy - V. Lord Melbourne By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy V. Lord Melbourne (War Song)
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_V_Lord_Melbourne_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy V. Lord Melbourne (War Song)
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 44886
- author: concertbandland
Lincolnshire Posy - VI. The Lost Lady Found By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy VI. The Lost Lady Found (Dance Song)
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_VI_The_Lost_Lady_Found_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy VI. The Lost Lady Found (Dance Song)
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 73968
- author: concertbandland
Chris Sarjeant - The Lincolnshire Poacher
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Chris Sarjeant - in fine voice at The MondayMonday Folk Night, The Wilmington Arms, Clerkenwell, London 2nd November 2009 See www.myspace.com for more details
http://wn.com/Chris_Sarjeant_The_Lincolnshire_Poacher
Chris Sarjeant - in fine voice at The MondayMonday Folk Night, The Wilmington Arms, Clerkenwell, London 2nd November 2009 See www.myspace.com for more details
- published: 03 Nov 2009
- views: 8136
- author: folkandroots
Lincolnshire Posy - III. Rufford Park Poachers By Percy Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy III. Rufford Park Poachers (Poaching Song) FUN FACT: At the time of the suites premier this movement was not performed due to the fact that the professional wind band Grainger had chosen was unable to play the movement.
http://wn.com/Lincolnshire_Posy_III_Rufford_Park_Poachers_By_Percy_Grainger
Performed by the North Texas Wind Symphony Lincolnshire Posy III. Rufford Park Poachers (Poaching Song) FUN FACT: At the time of the suites premier this movement was not performed due to the fact that the professional wind band Grainger had chosen was unable to play the movement.
- published: 18 Mar 2010
- views: 51806
- author: concertbandland
Air Force Concert Band Plays Lincolnshire Posy by Grainger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Performed at a concert on June 11, 2008 at the Air Force Memorial.
http://wn.com/Air_Force_Concert_Band_Plays_Lincolnshire_Posy_by_Grainger
Performed at a concert on June 11, 2008 at the Air Force Memorial.
- published: 25 Jun 2008
- views: 28699
- author: RRPiccolo
BRASS MONKEY - 'The Lincolnshire Hornpipe' - live at THE PLOUGH ARTS CENTRE, TORRINGTON. DEVON
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:26
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Brass Monkey, English folk band featuring John Kirkpatrick,Martin Carthy, Martin Brinsford, Roger Williams and Paul Archibald and the innovative sounds of brass with traditional acoustic folk instruments. playing at The Plough Arts centre, Gt Torrington, Devon Oct 23 2010.
http://wn.com/BRASS_MONKEY_'The_Lincolnshire_Hornpipe'_live_at_THE_PLOUGH_ARTS_CENTRE,_TORRINGTON_DEVON
Brass Monkey, English folk band featuring John Kirkpatrick,Martin Carthy, Martin Brinsford, Roger Williams and Paul Archibald and the innovative sounds of brass with traditional acoustic folk instruments. playing at The Plough Arts centre, Gt Torrington, Devon Oct 23 2010.
- published: 30 Nov 2010
- views: 6328
- author: soundmeister1
Lee DeWyze - Sings Hallelujah - Viper Alley , Lincolnshire, March 10, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Lee DeWyze returns to Chicago for Viper Alley's One Year Anniversary, March 10, 2012. Viper Alley (viper-alley.com) is a revolutionary boutique concert/private event facility located in Lincolnshire, Ill. Lee DeWyze sings old and new songs including his newest songs from his up-coming album. Lee DeWyze is an American singer-songwriter from Mount Prospect, Illinois, and the winner of the ninth season of American Idol.
http://wn.com/Lee_DeWyze_Sings_Hallelujah_Viper_Alley_,_Lincolnshire,_March_10,_2012
Lee DeWyze returns to Chicago for Viper Alley's One Year Anniversary, March 10, 2012. Viper Alley (viper-alley.com) is a revolutionary boutique concert/private event facility located in Lincolnshire, Ill. Lee DeWyze sings old and new songs including his newest songs from his up-coming album. Lee DeWyze is an American singer-songwriter from Mount Prospect, Illinois, and the winner of the ninth season of American Idol.
- published: 15 Mar 2012
- views: 3743
- author: Viper Alley
TERRY McGEECHAN - Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Terry McGeechan is a tremendous pigeon fancier who has developed a top performance loft through hard work and meticulous stockmanship. Terry has developed a winning family based on GEVAERT VAN SCHOORISSE bloodlines crossed with some of the best JANSSEN based families. He flies with CORONATION FC in Scunthorpe and the ASHBY CONSTITUTIONAL FC also of Scunthorpe. The old Scunthorpe Federation has now been superceded by the new SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE FEDERATION which regularly flies up to 6000 birds. Terrys pigeons regularly win at both Club and Federation level and some of his recent results include; 2007 - Coronation FC flew 10 OLD BIRD races and won 6 x 1sts whilst never out of the top 6. Ashby Constitutional FC won 8 x 1sts and top prizewinner (this was for 7 years in a row), Scunthorpe Federation had 7 x 1sts. Flew 5 YOUNG BIRD races and took 3 x 1sts Fed, Old Bird Inland Averages, Top Performance Bird in the Federation (6 times out of the last 7 years), Top Performance Channel Bird in the Federation (3 years in a row), Best Overall Loft Performance in the Federation, MIDLANDS NATIONAL FLYING CLUB - Champion Cock, The Prince, 3 x 1sts East Section Yearlings National. 1st, 2nd & 3rd East Section Gold Ring (only sent 3 Gold Rings), RPRA North East Region Sprint Award Winner 2005 Champion Federation Performance Bird 2000, RPRA National Award Winner, Best Young Bird 2000 (Three Times A Lady) Champion Federation Performance Bird 2007, Champion Federation Channel Performance Bird ...
http://wn.com/TERRY_McGEECHAN_Scunthorpe,_Lincolnshire
Terry McGeechan is a tremendous pigeon fancier who has developed a top performance loft through hard work and meticulous stockmanship. Terry has developed a winning family based on GEVAERT VAN SCHOORISSE bloodlines crossed with some of the best JANSSEN based families. He flies with CORONATION FC in Scunthorpe and the ASHBY CONSTITUTIONAL FC also of Scunthorpe. The old Scunthorpe Federation has now been superceded by the new SOUTH LINCOLNSHIRE FEDERATION which regularly flies up to 6000 birds. Terrys pigeons regularly win at both Club and Federation level and some of his recent results include; 2007 - Coronation FC flew 10 OLD BIRD races and won 6 x 1sts whilst never out of the top 6. Ashby Constitutional FC won 8 x 1sts and top prizewinner (this was for 7 years in a row), Scunthorpe Federation had 7 x 1sts. Flew 5 YOUNG BIRD races and took 3 x 1sts Fed, Old Bird Inland Averages, Top Performance Bird in the Federation (6 times out of the last 7 years), Top Performance Channel Bird in the Federation (3 years in a row), Best Overall Loft Performance in the Federation, MIDLANDS NATIONAL FLYING CLUB - Champion Cock, The Prince, 3 x 1sts East Section Yearlings National. 1st, 2nd & 3rd East Section Gold Ring (only sent 3 Gold Rings), RPRA North East Region Sprint Award Winner 2005 Champion Federation Performance Bird 2000, RPRA National Award Winner, Best Young Bird 2000 (Three Times A Lady) Champion Federation Performance Bird 2007, Champion Federation Channel Performance Bird ...
- published: 08 Feb 2009
- views: 19499
- author: ukpigeons
The Lincolnshire Poacher (MI6 number station)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious, powerful shortwave numbers station that used two bars from its namesake English folk song tune as an interval signal. The station was believed to be operated by the British Secret Intelligence Service and emanated from the island of Cyprus. Amateur direction finding linked it with the Royal Air Force base at Akrotiri, Cyprus. en.wikipedia.org ----- Lincolnshire Poacher era el apodo de una misteriosa y potente emisora de números de onda corta que usaba dos compases de la canción popular inglesa del mismo nombre como señal de intervalo. Se creía que era operada por el Servicio Secreto Británico de Inteligencia y emanaba de la isla de Chipre. Rastreos de radioaficionados la enlazaron con la base de la Real Fuerza Aerea en Akrotiri, Chipre.
http://wn.com/The_Lincolnshire_Poacher_MI6_number_station
The Lincolnshire Poacher was the nickname of a mysterious, powerful shortwave numbers station that used two bars from its namesake English folk song tune as an interval signal. The station was believed to be operated by the British Secret Intelligence Service and emanated from the island of Cyprus. Amateur direction finding linked it with the Royal Air Force base at Akrotiri, Cyprus. en.wikipedia.org ----- Lincolnshire Poacher era el apodo de una misteriosa y potente emisora de números de onda corta que usaba dos compases de la canción popular inglesa del mismo nombre como señal de intervalo. Se creía que era operada por el Servicio Secreto Británico de Inteligencia y emanaba de la isla de Chipre. Rastreos de radioaficionados la enlazaron con la base de la Real Fuerza Aerea en Akrotiri, Chipre.
- published: 31 Dec 2006
- views: 60990
- author: stg7
Rachelle Ferrell & Jennifer Hudson, March 3, 2012, Viper Alley, Lincolnshire, Illinois on Stage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:49
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Rachelle Ferrell with Jennifer Hudson, Viper Alley, Lincolnshire, Illinois, March 3rd, 2012. For more pictures and information visit: www.viper-alley.com and Facebook.com/ViperAlley.
http://wn.com/Rachelle_Ferrell_Jennifer_Hudson,_March_3,_2012,_Viper_Alley,_Lincolnshire,_Illinois_on_Stage
Rachelle Ferrell with Jennifer Hudson, Viper Alley, Lincolnshire, Illinois, March 3rd, 2012. For more pictures and information visit: www.viper-alley.com and Facebook.com/ViperAlley.
- published: 06 Mar 2012
- views: 69940
- author: Viper Alley
MSU Wind Symphony - Lincolnshire Posy - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:10
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
"Lincolnshire Posy" (1937) Michigan State University College of Music Wind Symphony Guest Conductor: Colin R. McKenzie 9/30/10 7:30 pm Part 1 of 2
http://wn.com/MSU_Wind_Symphony_Lincolnshire_Posy_Part_1
"Lincolnshire Posy" (1937) Michigan State University College of Music Wind Symphony Guest Conductor: Colin R. McKenzie 9/30/10 7:30 pm Part 1 of 2
- published: 09 Nov 2010
- views: 2620
- author: banddirectorcom
Lincoln Drug Operation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:56
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Lincolnshire Police has responded to public concerns over the supply and use of controlled drugs in licensed premises in Lincoln. Search warrants were executed at two city licensed premises last night. One man, a staff member at one of the premises, was arrested on suspicion of possession of controlled drugs with intent to supply. He has been interviewed and released on police bail pending further enquiries. A further two people, both staff at the various premises, were arrested for further possession of controlled drugs offences. They too have been interviewed at Lincoln Police Station. A quantity of drugs, believed at this stage to be cocaine was recovered from both premises. Insp Mark Garthwaite said: "This action was taken in response to community concerns and we hope it sends out a clear message to those enjoying themselves in Lincoln over the festive period. "We are also grateful for those people who share our concerns and provided us with the information on which we were able to act last night. "The distribution and consumption of controlled drugs will not be tolerated and we will take tough action." No one had been charged at this stage. An update will follow on Monday. No further information will be released over the weekend and no one will be available for interview. There are no issues with the use of the Youtube audio and visuals.
http://wn.com/Lincoln_Drug_Operation
Lincolnshire Police has responded to public concerns over the supply and use of controlled drugs in licensed premises in Lincoln. Search warrants were executed at two city licensed premises last night. One man, a staff member at one of the premises, was arrested on suspicion of possession of controlled drugs with intent to supply. He has been interviewed and released on police bail pending further enquiries. A further two people, both staff at the various premises, were arrested for further possession of controlled drugs offences. They too have been interviewed at Lincoln Police Station. A quantity of drugs, believed at this stage to be cocaine was recovered from both premises. Insp Mark Garthwaite said: "This action was taken in response to community concerns and we hope it sends out a clear message to those enjoying themselves in Lincoln over the festive period. "We are also grateful for those people who share our concerns and provided us with the information on which we were able to act last night. "The distribution and consumption of controlled drugs will not be tolerated and we will take tough action." No one had been charged at this stage. An update will follow on Monday. No further information will be released over the weekend and no one will be available for interview. There are no issues with the use of the Youtube audio and visuals.
- published: 22 Dec 2012
- views: 1575
- author: LincsPolice
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
Orange News
28 Dec 2012
Police calls for an improved, national service stepped up in the wake of an inquest into the gangland killings of a middle-aged Lincolnshire couple in 2004 ... The inquest heard that, despite Mrs Stirland speaking to her family liaison officer shortly before 2pm on August 8 to report a stalker, the couple did not receive a visit from Lincolnshire Police until 9.30pm that evening....(size: 2.5Kb)
BBC News
28 Dec 2012
In August 2010, meanwhile, a coroner called for a review of systems to protect vulnerable witnesses following the 2004 murder of Joan and John Stirland at their home in Trusthorpe, Lincolnshire ... The couple fled to Lincolnshire eight months before their deaths after shots were fired at their former home in Carlton, Nottingham....(size: 3.8Kb)
BBC News
28 Dec 2012
The government has announced the launch of the UK's first national witness protection service. But what is it like to be put under police protection? ... He also agreed to give evidence against his co-conspirators ... "But there was no deal with prosecutors." ... Friday's announcement of a reorganisation of protection services is partly a response to the 2010 inquest into the deaths of John and Joan Stirland, in Lincolnshire ... ....(size: 3.3Kb)
The Independent
28 Dec 2012
Supergrasses are to protected by a national body by the first time after ministers conceded that the present system had failed to prevent the intimidation and even murder of key witnesses ... "I was sent to prison under my own name," he said ... It wasn't their fault ... In 2004, the Lincolnshire couple Joan and John Stirland were shot dead in retaliation after Ms Stirland's son Michael O'Brien shot the nephew of a gangster....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Guardian
28 Dec 2012
UK Protected Persons Service, say police, will enhance support and safeguards for those who risk life giving evidence in court ... Photograph. PA ... The initiative is a demonstration of the coalition's promise to prioritise support for victims and follows concerns over the murder by gangland gunmen of a middle-aged couple, John and Joan Stirland, at their Lincolnshire bungalow in 2004 ... About £19m a year is spent on protection schemes ... " ... ....(size: 7.6Kb)
Chicago Sun-Times
28 Dec 2012
Updated. December 27, 2012 7.13PM. Any year that can bring both a riveting revival of “The Iceman Cometh” and a rip-roaring tour of “The Book of Mormon” to the stage is enough to win extended applause. By every measure, 2012 was an exceptionally good year for Chicago theater ... “Amazing; only in this city.”. And “only in this city” is the essential phrase ... Best of the year ... “My One and Only,” at the Marriott Theatre in Lincolnshire ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)
The Independent
27 Dec 2012
Lincolnshire Police were called to the A15 Leasingham bypass at about 2.50am today ... Separately, a 23-year-old man killed in a crash on Christmas Eve in Lincolnshire was today named by police as Christopher Edward Jones of Water Lane, North Witham, near Grantham....(size: 1.2Kb)
The Independent
27 Dec 2012
The woman was arrested by Lincolnshire Police after the car she was driving left the road and hit a tree ... Separately, a 23-year-old man killed in a crash on Christmas Eve in Lincolnshire was today named by police as ... A spokesman for Lincolnshire Police said....(size: 1.3Kb)
BBC News
27 Dec 2012
Two passengers have died after a single-car crash in Lincolnshire ... hours of Thursday morning, Lincolnshire Police said....(size: 0.6Kb)
BBC News
27 Dec 2012
A council has expressed "concerns" over plans to close more than 50 ambulance stations in the East Midlands ... "We didn't think two hubs was enough in the county. Lincolnshire had six - we had two ... EMAS says the plans also involve putting in place 131 standby and community ambulance across the six counties - Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Rutland, Leicestershire and Northamptonshire ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
BBC News
27 Dec 2012
The Dunham toll bridge on the A57 near Saxilby in Lincolnshire is closed because of flooding on the River Trent, the Environment Agency said ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)
BBC News
27 Dec 2012
Six people have been arrested following the death of a 21-year-old Latvian man in Lincolnshire ... They were all later released on bail ... ....(size: 0.7Kb)
BBC News
27 Dec 2012
... has been arrested on suspicion of causing death by careless driving after two men died in a single-car crash in Lincolnshire....(size: 0.7Kb)
For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
| Lincolnshire | |
|---|---|
| Lincolnshire Flag Flag |
|
| Motto of County Council: Land and God | |
 |
|
| Geography | |
| Status | Ceremonial and (smaller) non-metropolitan county |
| Region | East Midlands Yorkshire and the Humber (North Lincolnshire & North East Lincolnshire) |
| Area - Total - Admin. council - Admin. area |
Ranked 2nd 6,959 km2 (2,687 sq mi) Ranked 4th 5,921 km2 (2,286 sq mi) |
| Admin HQ | Lincoln |
| ISO 3166-2 | GB-LIN |
| ONS code | 32 |
| NUTS 3 | UKF30 |
| Demography | |
| Population - Total (2010 est.) - Density - Admin. council - Admin. pop. |
Ranked 18th 1,021,600 147 /km2 (380 /sq mi) Ranked 14th 703,000 |
| Ethnicity | 98.5% White |
| Politics | |
Lincolnshire County Council http://www.lincolnshire.gov.uk/ |
|
| Executive | Conservative |
| Members of Parliament | |
| Districts | |
|
|
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary.[1] The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
Lincolnshire has produced one Prime Minister: Margaret Thatcher.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire derived from the merging of the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Lindsey with that controlled by the Danelaw borough of Stamford. For some time the entire county was called "Lindsey", and it is recorded as such in the Domesday Book. Later, Lindsey was applied to the northern core, around Lincoln, and emerged as one of the three Parts of Lincolnshire, along with the Parts of Holland in the south-east and the Parts of Kesteven in the south-west, which each had separate Quarter Sessions as their county administrations.
In 1888 when county councils were set up, Lindsey, Holland and Kesteven each received their own separate one. These survived until 1974, when Holland, Kesteven, and most of Lindsey were unified into Lincolnshire, and the northern part, including Scunthorpe Municipal Borough and Grimsby County Borough, was incorporated into the newly formed non-metropolitan county of Humberside, along with most of the East Riding of Yorkshire.
A further local government reform in 1996 abolished Humberside, and the land south of the Humber was allocated to the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire. These two areas became part of Lincolnshire for ceremonial purposes such as the Lord-Lieutenancy, but are not covered by the Lincolnshire police and are in the Yorkshire and the Humber region.
The remaining districts of Lincolnshire are Boston, East Lindsey, Lincoln, South Holland, North Kesteven, South Kesteven, and West Lindsey. They are part of the East Midlands region.
A more recent event was the 27 February 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake, reaching between 4.7 and 5.3 on the Richter scale; it was one of the largest earthquakes to affect Britain in recent years.
Economy[link]
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Lincolnshire at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.
| Year | Regional Gross Value Added (millions of GB₤)[a] | Agriculture[b] | Industry[c] | Services[d] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 5,719 | 657 | 1,769 | 3,292 |
| 2000 | 6,512 | 452 | 2,046 | 4,013 |
| 2003 | 8,419 | 518 | 2,518 | 5,383 |
- a Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
- b includes hunting and forestry
- c includes energy and construction
- d includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
Agriculture[link]
Lincolnshire is an agricultural area, growing large amounts of wheat, barley, sugar beet, and oilseed rape. In South Lincolnshire, where the soil is particularly rich in nutrients, some of the most common crops include cabbages, cauliflowers, and onions.
Mechanisation around the turn of the 20th century greatly diminished the number of workers required to operate the county's relatively large farms, and the proportion of workers in the agricultural sector dropped substantially during this period. Several major engineering companies developed in Lincoln, Gainsborough and Grantham to support those changes, perhaps most famously Fosters of Lincoln, who built the first tank, and Richard Hornsby & Sons of Grantham. Most such companies are long gone, and Lincolnshire is no longer an engineering centre.
Today, immigrant workers mainly from new member states of the European Union in Central and Eastern Europe comprise a very large component of the seasonal agricultural workforce, particularly in the south of the county where more labour-intensive crops such as small vegetables and cut flowers are typically grown. This seasonal influx of migrant labour occasionally causes tension between the migrant workforce and local people, in a county which is still relatively unaccustomed to the large-scale immigration experienced by other parts of the United Kingdom. However as a result of the current economic climate some food production facilities have closed down, this has caused some reduction in the levels of migrant workers. The large number of people from Portugal is still very obvious in the town of Boston, and in Grantham the large number of Polish workers is still very apparent.[2][3]
Services and retail[link]
According to an IGGI study in 2000,[4] the town centres were ranked by area thus (including North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire areas):
- Lincoln
- Grantham
- Grimsby
- Boston and Scunthorpe (equal)
- Spalding
- Stamford
- Skegness
- Louth
- Sleaford
- Gainsborough
- Brigg
- Cleethorpes
- Bourne
- Horncastle and Mablethorpe (equal)
Public services[link]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Lincolnshire
Lincolnshire is one of the few counties within the UK that still uses the Eleven plus to decide who may attend grammar school. As a result, many towns in Lincolnshire have both a grammar school and a secondary modern school. Lincolnshire's rural character means that some larger villages also have primary schools and are served by buses to nearby high schools.
Lincoln itself, however, is primarily non-selective, as is the area within a radius of about seven miles. Within this area, almost all children attend comprehensive schools, though it is still possible to opt into the Eleven plus system. This gives rise to the unusual result that those who pass the Eleven plus can attend a Grammar School outside the Lincoln Comprehensive area, but those who do not pass still attend a non-selective Comprehensive school.
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Lincolnshire
Being on the economic periphery of England, Lincolnshire's transport links are poorly developed compared with many other parts of the United Kingdom. The road network within the county is dominated by single carriageway A roads and local roads (B roads) as opposed to motorways and dual carriageways – the administrative county of Lincolnshire is one of the few UK counties without a motorway, and until several years ago, it was said that there was only about 35 km (22 mi) of dual carriageway in the whole of Lincolnshire. The M180 motorway passes through North Lincolnshire, splitting into two dual-carriageway trunk roads to the Humber Bridge and Grimsby, and the A46 is now dual carriageway between Newark and Lincoln.
The low population density of the county means that the number of railway stations and train services is very low in comparison to the county's large area. Many of the county's railway stations were permanently closed following the Beeching Report of 1963. The most notable re-opening has been the line and two stations between Lincoln and Sleaford which re-opened within months of the Beeching closure. Most other closed lines within the county were long ago lifted and much of the trackbed has returned to agricultural use.
A daily through train service operated between Cleethorpes and London King’s Cross via Grimsby, Market Rasen and Lincoln until the late 1980s. The Humberlincs Executive as the service was known was operated by a HST125 unit but was discontinued following the electrification of the East Coast Main Line. Passengers now have to change trains at Newark when travelling to and from London. However, the East Coast Main Line passes through the county and one can catch direct trains to London from Grantham.
A proposed 2 hourly service promised by National Express East Coast (who lost the franchise on 13 November 2009) between Lincoln and Kings Cross has yet to start running, though was promised to start running by 2010.
Most rail services are currently provided by East Midlands Trains and Northern Rail. East Coast and Cross Country Trains have services which pass through the county, with East coast trains frequently passing and stopping at Grantham on the East Coast mainline and a daily return train to Lincoln which is at the end of the branch line, while Cross country trains stop at Stamford on their way between Birmingham and Stanstead Airport. Stations along the Humber are served by First Transpennine Express services between Manchester Airport and Cleethorpes. Lincolnshire boasts one of the most infrequent services in the UK. Services on the Sheffield-Gainsborough Central-Cleethorpes line sees trains only on a Saturday with three trains in both directions. This line is, however, used for freight. Calls have been made to re-introduce an hourly service on the line.
As of 22 May 2011 East Coast have started running a Lincoln-London service. One train travels both ways each day, and a north bound service is there on a Sunday. East Midlands Trains also run a daily (Mon-Sat) service each way between Lincoln and London St Pancras, though the service is more a stopping service and takes around 3 hours via Nottingham, compared to East Coast's service to London Kings Cross which takes around 1h 50 minutes.
The only airport in Lincolnshire is Humberside Airport, near Brigg. While small, it serves all of Lincolnshire. Robin Hood Airport near Doncaster is within travelling distance of much of Lincolnshire and provide a wider range of flights.
The county's biggest bus companies are Stagecoach Grimsby-Cleethorpes (formerly Grimsby-Cleethorpes Transport) and Stagecoach in Lincolnshire, (formerly Lincolnshire Road Car). Several other small companies also operate including Delaine of Bourne and Hornsby's of Scunthorpe.[5]
A Sustrans cycle route runs from Lincoln to Boston in the South of the county.[6]
Health care[link]
The United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust is one of the largest trusts in the country, employing almost 4,000 staff and with an annual budget of over £200 million. The north of the county is served by the Northern Lincolnshire and Goole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
Lincolnshire shares the problems of elsewhere in the country when it comes to finding an NHS dentist, with waiting lists of eight months not uncommon.
Some of the larger hospitals in the county include:
- Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, Grimsby
- Scunthorpe General Hospital
- Boston Pilgrim Hospital
- Lincoln County Hospital
Since April 1994, Lincolnshire has had an Air Ambulance service.[7] The air ambulance is stationed at RAF Waddington near Lincoln and can reach emergencies in Lincolnshire within 25 minutes. An A&E hospital is only 10 minutes away by helicopter from any accident in Lincolnshire.
Drainage[link]
Separately to the commercial water companies the low-lying parts of the county are drained by various internal drainage boards, such as the Black Sluice Internal Drainage Board,Witham 4th District IDB, Lindsey Marsh Drainage Board, or the Welland and Deepings Internal Drainage Board.[8]
Politics[link]
Westminster Parliamentary[link]
| General Election 2010 : Lincolnshire | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Labour | Liberal Democrats | UKIP | BNP | Others | English Democrats | Green | Turnout |
| 235,502 +63,170 |
122,634 −42,694 |
99,595 +20,063 |
25,018 +2,201 |
18,076 +15,713 |
4,775 +3,764 |
1,121 +347 |
1,120 +39 |
507,841 +62,603 |
| Overall Number of seats as of 2010 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Labour | Liberal Democrats | UKIP | BNP | Others | English Democrats | Green | |
| 9 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
The Conservative Party won 9 seats in the 2010 general election and clearly became the largest party in Lincolnshire, considerably increasing their vote share at the expense of Labour, the most high profile casualty being Gillian Merron who lost her long serving Lincoln constituency.
| Parliamentary Constituencies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Constituency | District | MP | Party |
| Boston and Skegness | Boston, East Lindsey | Mark Simmonds | Conservative |
| Brigg and Goole | North Lincolnshire (plus part in East Riding of Yorkshire) | Andrew Percy | Conservative |
| Cleethorpes | North East Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire | Martin Vickers | Conservative |
| Gainsborough | West Lindsey, East Lindsey | Edward Leigh | Conservative |
| Grantham and Stamford | South Kesteven | Nicholas Boles | Conservative |
| Great Grimsby | North East Lincolnshire | Austin Mitchell | Labour |
| Lincoln | Lincoln, North Kesteven | Karl McCartney | Conservative |
| Louth and Horncastle | East Lindsey | Sir Peter Tapsell | Conservative |
| Scunthorpe | North Lincolnshire | Nic Dakin | Labour |
| Sleaford and North Hykeham | North Kesteven, South Kesteven | Stephen Phillips | Conservative |
| South Holland and The Deepings | South Holland, South Kesteven | John Henry Hayes | Conservative |
Lincolnshire County Council[link]
The Conservative Party comfortably controls the County Council, following the 2009 local elections in which they increased their majority to 43 seats. The Labour Party lost a total of 15 seats including 7 in Lincoln, whilst the Liberal Democrats lost three. The Lincolnshire Independents Party gained a total of four seats, although one of their number moved to the Conservative group during 2010, increasing the number of Conservative seats to 61. The collective group of the Lincolnshire Independents, the Boston Bypass Party and other independent councillors form the opposition for the four year term.
| Lincolnshire County Council Election, 2009 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/- | ||
| Conservative | 60 | +14 | 78 | 47 | 87,764 | +14 | ||||
| Liberal Democrat | 8 | 10.4 | 19.4 | 36,485 | -3 | |||||
| Labour | 4 | 0 | 15 | -15 | 5.2 | 10.8 | 20,199 | -15 | ||
| Lincolnshire Independents | 4 | 5.2 | 9.4 | 17,634 | ||||||
| Independent | 3 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 9,947 | ||||||
| Boston Bypass Independents | 1 | 1.3 | 1 | 1,935 | ||||||
| BNP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 6,544 | |||
| UKIP | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5,608 | |||
| Green | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6 | 1,110 | |||
| "No Political Affiliation" | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.17 | 315 | |||
| Socialist Alliance | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 124 | |||
2011 AV Referendum[link]
The AV referendum was the first to be held within Lincolnshire since the 1975 EC referendum and was only the second time ever that the people of Lincolnshire have been asked to vote in a referendum. The referendum asked voters whether to replace the present "first-past-the-post" (simple plurality) system with the "alternative vote" (AV) method for electing MPs to the House of Commons in future general elections. The proposal to introduce AV was overwhelmingly rejected by voters with all eight counting areas within Lincolnshire returning missive “no” votes.
| County | No votes | Yes votes | No % | Yes % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lincolnshire | 232,034 | 76,570 | 75.19 | 24.81 |
The seven shire-districts, and two unitary authorities within Lincolnshire were used as the Counting Areas.
| Counting Areas | Turnout % | No votes | Yes votes | No % | Yes % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boston | 39.58 | &1000000000001333700000013,337 | &100000000000039580000003,958 | 77.11 | 22.89 |
| East Lindsey | 42.60 | &1000000000003404500000034,045 | &1000000000001057100000010,571 | 76.31 | 23.69 |
| Lincoln | 36.68 | &1000000000001609900000016,099 | &100000000000069510000006,951 | 69.84 | 30.16 |
| North East Lincolnshire | 34.23 | &1000000000002948400000029,484 | &100000000000095490000009,549 | 75.54 | 24.46 |
| North Lincolnshire | 39.57 | &1000000000003603100000036,031 | &1000000000001254200000012,542 | 74.18 | 25.82 |
| North Kesteven | 42.95 | &1000000000002739700000027,397 | &100000000000079260000007,926 | 77.56 | 22.44 |
| South Holland | 39.83 | &1000000000002054200000020,542 | &100000000000056030000005,603 | 78.57 | 21.43 |
| South Kesteven | 42.63 | &1000000000003221700000032,217 | &1000000000001124700000011,247 | 74.12 | 25.88 |
| West Lindsey | 43.70 | &1000000000002288200000022,882 | &100000000000082230000008,223 | 73.56 | 26.44 |
Towns and villages[link]
.svg){kind=spacer}
The non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire is characterised by the absence of any major urban areas, apart from the areas in and around Lincoln and Boston. However, the Skegness, Ingoldmells and Chapel St Leonards areas (and to a lesser extent the Sutton-on-Sea and Mablethorpe areas) along the Lincolnshire Coast are becoming increasingly urbanised as people holiday at large caravan sites during the summer months. These holidaymakers are not reflected in census or local population figures, though it is estimated that during the height of the summer months there are over 100,000 such people residing in these areas along the Lincolnshire Coast. This has an appreciable impact on the local infrastructure and amenities.
The principal settlements and their populations are: Lincoln (85,595),[9] Boston (55,750),[10] Grantham (33,243),[11] Spalding (30,000),[11] Gainsborough (20,110), Skegness (18,910), Stamford (17,492),[11] Louth (17,000), Bourne (11,933), Mablethorpe (11,700), North Hykeham (11,538), Sleaford (10,388),[11] Holbeach (9,448), Deeping St. James (6,923), Market Deeping (6,200), Horncastle (6,090), Waddington (6,086), Long Sutton (5,037), Sutton Bridge (3,936), Ingoldmells (3,888), Saxilby (3,660), Woodhall Spa (3,657), Crowland (3,607), Coningsby (3,238), Market Rasen (3,230), Heckington (3,069), Alford (2,700), Caistor (2,601), and Spilsby (2,336). Other places of interest include Ancaster, Corby Glen, Belmont, Donington, Billingborough, Chapel St Leonards, Sutton-on-Sea, Wainfleet All Saints and Donna Nook. Many of the towns in the county continue to hold a weekly market, a centuries-old tradition reinvigorated recently by the growth of farmers' markets.
Most of the urbanised area of Lincolnshire is on the Humber estuary, where two unitary authorities are located:
- North East Lincolnshire, where the two towns of Great Grimsby (87,574)[10] and Cleethorpes (34,907) have become one large conurbation, and between them have a population of over 120,000: the largest single settlement in the whole of the ceremonial county of Lincolnshire. The next largest town is Immingham (12,200) followed by Scartho (9,380), Waltham (6,425), Humberston (5,375) and New Waltham (4,557)
- North Lincolnshire has the larger area of the two unitary authority areas and it includes Scunthorpe (75,514) (including Bottesford).[11] The next largest town is Barton-upon-Humber (9,334), followed by Brigg (5,076), Winterton (4,729), Crowle (4,090), Epworth (3,734), Kirton in Lindsey (2,964) and Barrow upon Humber (2,745).
For a full list of Lincolnshire towns and villages see the List of places in Lincolnshire page.
Coastal tourism[link]
File:Skegness beach.jpg
Skegness seafront and Pier
The majority of tourism in Lincolnshire relies on the coastal resorts and towns which lie to the east of the Lincolnshire Wolds. The county is home to some of the most well known seaside resorts within the United Kingdom and is a major attraction to visitors from across England, especially the East Midlands and parts of Yorkshire. There are three main coastal resorts within Lincolnshire along with a number of smaller village resorts.
The main county seaside resort of Skegness with its famous Jolly Fisherman mascot and famous slogan “Skegness is so bracing” with its neighbouring large village coastal resorts of Ingoldmells and Chapel St. Leonards provides the biggest concatenation of resorts along the Lincolnshire Coast due to their close proximity of each other and due to the number of large caravan and holiday sites. The resorts offers many amusements, leisure activities and beaches and retail shopping and is home to Butlins Skegness, Fantasy Island, Church Farm Museum, Natureland Seal Sanctuary, Skegness Stadium, Skegness Pier and several well known local golf courses as well as good road, bus and rail links to the rest of the county.
The second largest concatenation of resorts along the coast is the small seaside town of Mablethorpe, famous for its golden sands and its neighbouring village resorts of Trusthorpe and Sutton-on-Sea, these areas also offer leisure activities and is also home to large caravan and holiday sites although the area is less developed with fewer amusement arcades and nightclubs and poorer road links to the rest of the county although the area offers a more traditional seaside setting.
The third concatenation of resorts is the seaside town of Cleethorpes and the large village resort of Humberston within North East Lincolnshire and is home to Pleasure Island Family Theme Park, Cleethorpes Coast Light Railway and Cleethorpes Pier along with its local golf courses and caravan and holiday sites are a major attraction to visitors from the north of the county and across the north of England.
Nature is an attraction for many tourists: the south-east of the county is mainly fenland that attracts many species of birds, as do the nature reserves at Gibraltar Point, Saltfleetby and Theddlethorpe. The reserve at Donna Nook also has a native seal colony popular with nature lovers.
The market towns of the Lincolnshire Wolds, Louth, Alford, Horncastle, Caistor and Spilsby are also attractive, with several having historic links. The wolds are quite popular for cycling and walking, with regular events such as the Lincolnshire Wolds Walking Festival.
Culture[link]
Lincolnshire is a rural area where the pace of life is generally much slower than in much of the United Kingdom. Sunday is still largely a day of rest, with only shops in Lincoln, larger market towns, and resorts and industrial towns of the North Sea coast generally remaining open. Some towns and villages in the county still observe half-day closing on Thursdays. Due to the large distances between the towns, many villages have remained very self-contained, with many still having shops, pubs, local halls and local chapels and churches, offering a variety of social activities for residents. Fishing (in the extensive river and drainage system in the fens) and shooting are popular activities.
Lincolnshire's unofficial county anthem is the Lincolnshire Poacher.
A Lincolnshire tradition is that front doors are used for only three things: a new baby, a bride, and a coffin.[12]
People[link]
Lincolnshire is relatively unusual in the composition of its population, being one of the least ethnically diverse counties of the United Kingdom (98.5% of the population describe themselves as "white"). Over recent years inward migration by people from ethnic minority communities has increased (particularly to population centres such as Lincoln and Boston) but the absolute number of non-white Lincolnshire residents remains very low.
Recently, the county has also witnessed a growing trend towards immigration of retired people from other parts of the United Kingdom, particularly those from the southern counties of England attracted by the generally lower property prices and the slower and more relaxed pace of life. The relatively high proportion of elderly and retired people is reflected in many of the services, activities and events. Sleaford is considered one of the fastest growing towns in the East Midlands, with many professional people moving there to benefit from (relatively) low house prices, average crime rate and the selective education offered.
Those born in Lincolnshire are sometimes given the nickname of Yellowbellies (often spelt "Yeller Bellies", to reflect the pronunciation of the phrase by the typical Lincolnshire farmer). The origin of this term is debated, but is most commonly believed to derive from the uniforms of the 10th Regiment of Foot (later the Lincolnshire Regiment) who wore a very bright yellow waistcoat for identification on the battle field. For this reason, the coat of arms of Lincolnshire County Council is supported by two officers of the regiment.[13]
Notable people[link]
Lincolnshire has many notable people associated with it, as
.jpg)
- Guthlac of Crowland
- Hereward the Wake
- Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln
- Bishops of Lincoln Hugh of Lincoln and Robert Grosseteste
- Eleanor of Castile
- Katherine Swynford
- King Henry IV of England
- Composer William Byrd
- Chief Advisor to Queen Elizabeth I William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley
- Scientist Sir Isaac Newton
- Havelok the Dane
- Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin
- Botanist and plant collector Joseph Banks
- Navigator and cartographer Matthew Flinders
- Geographer Halford Mackinder
- Explorer of Australia George Bass
- Mathematician George Boole
- One of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Thomas Paine, who was appointed as a Grantham-based excise officer in December 1762.
- Chronometer innovator John Harrison
- Antiquarian William Stukeley
- Artists Frank Bramley and Peter De Wint
- Journalist Herbert Ingram
- Poets Alfred Lord Tennyson, Jean Ingelow, Anne Bradstreet and Elizabeth Jennings
- Bishop and founder of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, Richard Foxe
- Protestant martyr Anne Askew
- Founder of the Baptist denomination John Smyth (Baptist minister)
- Archbishop of Canterbury John Whitgift
- Translator on the Committee for The King James Bible Robert Tighe
- Author of "Foxe's Book of Martyrs" John Foxe
- Puritan John Cotton
- Founders of the Methodist movement John Wesley and Charles Wesley.
- Preacher Samuel Eyles Pierce
- Theologian and Methodist writer Richard Watson
- Bible commentator and co-founder of Church Missionary Society Thomas Scott (commentator)
- Leader of the settlement Jamestown, Virginia, Captain John Smith
- Actor Neil McCarthy
- Actresses Madge Kendal and Sybil Thorndike
- A part of the Music Hall Act Old Mother Riley, Arthur Lucan
- Railway administrator Frank Pick
- "The Acid Bath Murderer" John George Haigh
- Businesswoman and Welsh language translator Lady Charlotte Guest
- Inventor of Crucible Steel Benjamin Huntsman
- Tenor Alfred Piccaver
- Field Marshal William Robertson
- Founder of "The Samaritans" Chad Varah
- Industrialists Joseph Ruston and William Tritton
- R.A.F personnel Douglas Bader, Leslie Manser, Frank Whittle, Guy Gibson
- Victoria Cross recipient Harold Jackson (VC)
- Founder of Royal College of Nursing Sarah Swift
- Historian Francis Hill
- Lincoln City F.C. Manager Keith Alexander
Present day figures include
- Actors Thomas Turgoose, Jim Broadbent, Jonathan Kerrigan and Neil McCarthy
- Actresses Patricia Hodge, Joan Plowright, Liz Smith, Kelly Adams and Sheridan Smith
- Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher
- Actress and comedienne Jennifer Saunders
- Radio and TV presenter Nicholas Parsons
- Crime writer Colin Dexter
- Astronaut Michael Foale
- Songwriters Bernie Taupin and Rod Temperton
- Military historian and author Bruce Barrymore Halpenny
- Actor and comedian Robert Webb
- Actor and geologist Nick Schofield
- Musicians Jane Taylor and Neville Marriner
- Golfer Tony Jacklin
- Shotputter Geoff Capes
- Swimmers Paul Palmer and Kate Haywood
- Footballers Lee Chapman and Paul Mayo
- Cricketer Luke Wright
- Fashion designer Antonio Berardi
- Glamour model Abi Titmuss
- Motorcycle racer and television presenter Guy Martin
- Business executive and wife of British Prime Minister, Samantha Cameron
- Newsreader and journalist Helen Fospero
Language[link]
The accent and dialect words of Lincolnshire are little known outside the county, especially compared with more familiar accents, e.g. Geordie and Cockney. The effects of modern media, education, and immigration to the county have substantially diluted the traditional accent, and many dialect words have been lost over recent years. However, the accent exists, and a native "Yeller Belly" will still pick out a Lincolnshire speaker, possibly even being able to distinguish where in the county the speaker is from. The northern residents of Lindsey tend towards a Yorkshire-like dialect, as do people from Lincoln. People from Grimsby and Cleethorpes have an accent of their own, rather than similar to that of Hull, though both bear some resemblance in sound to Liverpool Scouse. The accent of the south-east of the county (Holland and the Fens) is more similar to that of East Anglia, notably north Cambridgeshire and north Norfolk (though not "deepest" Norfolk, which is different), yet Grantham and Stamford, though very close geographically, are famed for having a rather "posh" accent, at least among the middle-class, Stamford having in fact been determined to have the accent closest to the Queen's English. That leaves the East Lindsey area from the Wolds to the coast, in which the "truest" Lincolnshire accent is present. Elements of this remain widespread in that area among old and young alike, while certain individual speakers – especially of older generations – have full mastery of this quite specific tongue.
In common with most other Northern and Midlands dialects in England, "flat" a is preferred, i.e. /ˈbæθ/ over /ˈbɑːθ/, and also in words like water, pronounced /ˈwætər/ watter (though such a pronunciation is rarely heard nowadays). Similarly, /ʌ/ is usually replaced by /ʊ/. Features rather more confined to Lincolnshire include:
- Elaboration of standard English /eɪ/ or /iː/ into a complex triphthong approximating, and often transcribed -air- or -yair-. For example: "mate" [m(j)ɛːət]; "beast" [b(j)ɛːəst]; "tates" (potatoes) [t(j)ɛːəts].
- An equivalent elaboration of standard English /oʊ/ – commonly [oː] in Northern England – into -ooa-. For example "boat" [bʊːət].
- Insertion of an extra schwa into the standard English diphthong /aʊ/.
- Vocabulary: "duck" as a term of endearment or informal address, "mardy" meaning upset or angry, "mowt" (pronounced like mout) for might,"while" as a substitute for standard English "until", "frit" meaning frightened, "grufty" meaning dirty or disgusting, and the inimitable salutation "now then!?" (hello), sometimes written nairn to reflect pronunciation, but often drawn out into a sing-song nyEEEAaairn-myeeeaaairt!!! in the mouth of the more rural and traditional speaker.
- In the north east of the county, around Grimsby and Immingham, the nurse-square merger can be heard, as is also the case along the east coast of Yorkshire and coincidentally also in Liverpool. Words that take /ɜː/ in RP take /ɛː/ in these areas.
Lincolnshire has its own dialect "champion", a farmer from the village of Minting called Farmer Wink (real name Robert Carlton), who has produced videos about rural life, narrated in his broad Lincolnshire accent, and who has a regular slot on BBC Radio Lincolnshire. A resident of Woodhall Spa, ironically one of the Lincolnshire settlements least aligned to the county's architectural style, has published a dictionary of words once prevalent in parts of the county.[14]
Music[link]
Lincolnshire was historically associated with the Lincolnshire bagpipe, an instrument derided as a coarse and unpleasant instrument in contemporary literature, but noted as very popular in the county. The last player, John Hunsley of Middle Manton,[15] died in 1851,[16] and since then the instrument has been extinct.
In 1937, Percy Grainger wrote his Lincolnshire Posy for wind band. The piece is a compilation of folksongs "musical wildflowers" collected by the composer in and around the county of Lincolnshire.
Food[link]
Lincolnshire has a number of local dishes:
- Stuffed chine – this is salted neck-chine of a pig taken from between the shoulder blades, salted for up to ten months and stuffed with parsley stuffing (other ingredients are normally kept secret), and served cold.
- haslet – a type of pork loaf, also flavoured with sage (pronounced HAYSS-let in Lincolnshire but HAZ-let in many other parts of the country).
- Lincolnshire pork sausages – most butchers in Lincolnshire have their own secret recipe for these and a competition is held each year to judge the best sausages in the county. Traditional Lincolnshire sausage's are made entirely from minced pork, stale bread crumb (rusk is used nowadays) pepper, sage and salt. The skins should be natural casings which are made from the intestines of either sheep or pig.
- Pork pies – the same pork butchers will take a pride in their unique recipe for pork pies.
- Plum bread – as with plum pudding, plum refers to dried fruit, namely currants, raisins and sultanas, sometimes soaked in tea.
- Grantham Gingerbread – a hard white ginger biscuit.
- Lincolnshire Poacher cheese – cheddar cheese produced in Alford. Lincolnshire Poacher has won numerous awards over the years including Supreme Champion at the 1996/7 British Cheese Awards and Best British Cheese at the World Cheese awards in 2001/2. There have also been several Gold Medals at the British Cheese Awards, including 2003/4 for both Lincolnshire Poacher and Smoked Lincolnshire Poacher. In October 2006, Lincolnshire Poacher was awarded Best Export Cheese at the British Cheese Awards, and most recently at the 2009/10 awards were awarded Best Modern British Cheese (for Lincolnshire Poacher) and Best Flavour Added Cheese (for Smoked Poacher).
- Batemans ales – a beer brewed in Wainfleet and served in many pubs, such as Willoughby Arms in Little Bytham, in the county and further afield.
- There are several small breweries, such as Newby Wyke Brewery.
- Grimsby is renowned for its fishing industry, and historically Grimsby Fish has carried a premium price. Since the decline of the fishing industry following entry to the European Economic Community in the 1970s this is no longer the case, with the majority of fish sold at the town's fish market being brought overland from other ports. However Grimsby Fish is still a recognised product, one associated with a particular area that specialises in and has expertise in a particular trade (cf Sheffield steel). In 2009 smoked fish from the town was granted Protected Geographical Indication by the European Union, reflecting the unique smoking methods used by certain local fish companies.[17]
Events[link]
Every year the Lincolnshire Agricultural Society, founded in 1869, stages the Lincolnshire Agricultural Show.[18] It is held on the Wednesday and Thursday of the last whole week of June at its showground at Grange de Lings, a few miles north of Lincoln on the A15. The show was first held here in 1958. First held around the year 1884, it is one of the largest agricultural shows in the country, and is attended by around 100,000 people over its two days. The showground is in regular use throughout the year for a wide range of other events and functions.
Smaller local agricultural shows, such as the Deeping Show[19] or the Heckington Show[20] can still be found. Corby Glen sheep fair[21] has been held every year since 1238.
Each year RAF Waddington is the home to the RAF Waddington Air Show. The two day event attracts around 40,000 people and usually takes place during the last weekend of June.
On the Monday before Easter, an unusual auction takes place in Bourne to let the grazing rights of the Whitebread Meadow.[23] Bidding takes place while two boys race toward the Queen's Bridge in Eastgate, the end of which dash is equivalent to the falling of the gavel. The whole affair dates back to the 1742 will of William Clay.
The Haxey Hood village competition takes place every January, as it has for over 700 years.
Stamford Mid-Lent fair sees showmen converge on the town the week after Mothering Sunday, with rides and sideshows filling Broad Street, the Sheepmarket and the Meadows for a week. Stalls selling Grantham gingerbread and nougat are a traditional feature. The following week sees them in Grantham, on the way North for the Summer. Roger Tuby brings a small funfair to Bourne and then to Spalding in Spring and returns in Autumn at the end of the season.
The villages of Tetford and Salmonby hold an annual Scarecrow Festival in May every year.
The Belchford Downhill Challenge which is held every two years: soapbox racers race down the hill at up to 30 km/h. The turnout has been up to 1,000.
In recent years Lincoln Christmas Market, a street market throughout historic area of the city, has been held at the start of December. Around the same time Christmas lights are turned on in Bourne, Sleaford, Skegness, and other towns.
Throughout the summer the Stamford Shakespeare Company[24] presents the Bard's plays in the open air theatre at Tolethorpe Hall, which is actually in Rutland.
The Spalding Flower Parade is held in late spring every year. Colourful floats decorated with tulip heads compete for a cup. The tradition was started in 1959, and draws coach tours from across Britain. There was talk of 2008 being the last parade, but a smaller event planned for 2009[25] may set the pattern for future years.
Sport[link]
The main sports played in the county are football, cricket and rugby union. Lincolnshire does not have high sporting profile, mainly due to the lack of facilities. Probably the most well known sporting venue in Lincolnshire is Cadwell Park near Louth, where a round of the British Motorbike Championship is held on the last Monday of August every year.
- One team from Lincolnshire plays in the Football League: Scunthorpe United play in Football League One. In non-league football both Lincoln City and Grimsby Town play in the Conference National, whilst Boston United and Gainsborough Trinity play in the Conference North Division.
- In cricket Lincolnshire are a minor county and play in the Minor Counties Championship.[26]
- There is no major rugby union team from Lincolnshire; however the sport is played in many schools throughout the county.
- Lincolnshire is home to one racecourse, at Market Rasen.
- Cadwell Park is the only motor racing course in Lincolnshire. There is a speedway track in Scunthorpe, home of the Scorpions, and stock-car racing at a stadium at Orby, near Skegness.
- Lincolnshire is home to the UK roller derby team the Lincolnshire Bombers Roller Girls, who are sponsored by Motorhead.[27]
Symbols[link]
The unofficial anthem of the county is the traditional folk song, "The Lincolnshire Poacher", which dates from around 1776. A version of the song was the theme to BBC Radio Lincolnshire for many years.
According to a 2002 marketing campaign by the charity Plantlife, the county flower of Lincolnshire is the Common Dog-violet.
In August 2005, BBC Radio Lincolnshire and Lincolnshire Life magazine launched a vote for a flag to represent the county. Six competing designs were voted upon by locals. The winning submission was unveiled in October 2005.[28][29] Lincoln has its own flag – St George's flag with a Fleur-de-Lys.
The Lincoln Imp has symbolised Cathedral, City, and county for many years. In 2006 it was replaced as the brand of Lincolnshire County Council by the stylised version seen on the header here [1] which has lost even the unique pose of the carving.
Press[link]
The county is home to two daily newspapers, and one weekly. The Lincolnshire Echo is published weekly from Lincoln and covers the majority of the county, reaching as far north as Louth.
The Grimsby Telegraph, as the name suggests, is published in the town and its circulation area ostensibly covers North East Lincolnshire, although it reaches as far south as Louth and Alford and as west as Brigg. Its sister title is the Scunthorpe Telegraph and covers North Lincolnshire. All three are ultimately owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust.
There are also a number of weekly papers serving individual towns published in the county by Johnston Press. One of these, the Stamford Mercury claims to be Britain's oldest newspaper, although it is now a typical local weekly and no longer covers stories from the whole East Midlands as the archived copies did.
Television[link]
With the exception of a small area to the south-west of the county,[30] Lincolnshire is served from the Belmont transmitter,[31] receiving programmes from ITV1 Yorkshire and BBC One Yorkshire and Lincolnshire regions.
The BBC has, since 2003, provided the area with its twelfth regional service: BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, carrying a local "Look North" news programme from the main studio in Hull, with input from other studios in Lincoln and Grimsby.
ITV provides coverage through its evening news programme "Calendar". Until late 2008 the station provided a separate edition for the Belmont transmitter (although it was still broadcast from Leeds). From January 2009 the area is now covered by a programme that covers the entire ITV Yorkshire region.
From 1959 to July 1974 ITV programmes were provided by Anglia Television (although some coverage could be received from the Manchester-based Granada and ABC Weekend). Based in Norwich the company had news offices in Grimsby.[32] Following a transmitter change ITV services were provided by Yorkshire Television. This company kept open the offices in Grimsby and opened further facilities in Lincoln, although both of these closed in the mid-1990s.
South-West Lincolnshire receives BBC East Midlands and ITV Central which are broadcast from the Waltham on The Wolds Transmitting Station. Although subject to co-channel interference from the Waltham transmitter, a small number of households in the southern tip of the county[33] are able to receive regional programming from BBC East and ITV Anglia.
Radio[link]
The area is covered by several local radio stations including:
- BBC Lincolnshire Can be heard throughout historic Lincolnshire although its broadcast remit is the present county of Lincolnshire
- BBC Radio Humberside The counties of northern Lincolnshire that were formerly known as South Humberside
- Boundary Sound Newark
- Compass FM Grimsby, Cleethorpes and Immingham
- Heart Peterborough and South Lincolnshire
- Lincs FM Historic Lincolnshire
- Gravity FM Grantham
- Siren FM Lincoln
- Endeavour FM (formerly Stump Radio) Boston
- Endeavour Radio Boston
- Tulip Radio Spalding and South Holland
- Viking FM Northern Lincolnshire and the East Yorkshire, formerly the constituent areas of Humberside
Places of interest[link]
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See also[link]
- Outline of England
- Earl of Lincoln is a title that has been created eight times in the Peerage of England and is currently represented.
- Lord Lieutenants of Lincolnshire
- Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire - List of Keepers of the Rolls for Lincolnshire
- List of High Sheriffs of Lincolnshire
- Lincolnshire (UK Parliament constituency) List of MPs for the Lincolnshire constituency
- Lincs Wind Farm
- List of companies in Lincolnshire – Current and former companies
- List of monastic houses in Lincolnshire
References[link]
- ^ "Lincolnshire County Council". Thebythams.org.uk. 24 October 2005. http://www.thebythams.org.uk/localgovernment/lincolnshire-cc/index.html. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ www.granthamjournal.co.uk
- ^ "UPDATED: Fenland Foods workers to protest – Features". Grantham Journal. 13 May 2008. http://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/news/UPDATED-Fenland-Foods-workers-to.4075959.jp. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ http://www.iggi.gov.uk/towncent/2000/towncentres.txt[dead link] Archived March 9, 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Home. Hornsby Travel. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ Sustrans Lincolnshire. Sustrans.org.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ thisislincolnshire.co.uk
- ^ Map of Lincolnshire IDBs[dead link]
- ^ Census 2001 – Population Pyramids – Lincoln. Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ a b Census 2001 – Population Pyramids – Boston. Statistics.gov.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Pears Cyclopedia, 107th Edition,Penguin, London
- ^ Lincolnshire Sayings and Traditions.
- ^ Civic Heraldry visited 22 December 2006. Civicheraldry.co.uk. Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
- ^ thisislincolnshire.co.uk
- ^ Binnall, P.B.B., "A Man of Might" in FOLKLORE Vol.52, p.73, 1941
- ^ Binnall, P.B.G. "A Man of Might", in FOLKLORE Vol.52, p.74, 1941
- ^ Elliott, Valerie (17 November 2009). "Traditional Grimsby Smoked Fish is granted European PGI status". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/food_and_drink/article6919386.ece.
- ^ "Lincolnshire Events Centre". Lincolnshire Showground. http://www.lincolnshireshowground.co.uk. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Stephen McKenna (6 June 2010). "The Deeping Show". The Deeping Show. http://www.deepingshow.co.uk/. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "The Largest Village Show In England". Heckingtonshow.org.uk. http://www.heckingtonshow.org.uk/. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Corby Glen Sheep Fair Gallery". Corbyglen.com. http://www.corbyglen.com/sheepfair/gallery.html. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "RAF Red Arrows – Home". Raf.mod.uk. 11 January 2010. http://www.raf.mod.uk/reds/. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "The White Bread Meadow". Homepages.which.net. http://homepages.which.net/~rex/bourne/wbmeadow.htm. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Stamford Shakespeare Company". Stamfordshakespeare.co.uk. http://www.stamfordshakespeare.co.uk/. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Not the end of Spalding Flower Parade". Spalding Today. http://www.spaldingtoday.co.uk/news/Not-the-end-of-Spalding.4433345.jp. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Play-Sport New Media (13 June 2002). "Play-Cricket the ECB Cricket Network". Lincscb.play-cricket.com. http://lincscb.play-cricket.com/. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ "Now sponsored by MOTÖRHEAD! – Lincolnshire Bombers:". Lincolnshire Bombers' News forum. 1 April 2009. http://lincolnshire-bombers.com/sponsorship_motorhead.htm. Retrieved 11 January 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "New county flag design unveiled". BBC News. 24 October 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/lincolnshire/4371070.stm. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
- ^ "Lincolnshire flag at the self-appointed flag registry". http://www.flaginstitute.org/index.php?location=10&flagtype=county&flagid=112.
- ^ Map of area served by the Waltham UHF analogue TV transmitter
- ^ Map of area served by the Belmont UHF TV transmitter
- ^ ITV 1968 – A Guide to Independent Television, Independent Television Authority, London, 1967, page 175
- ^ Map of area served by the Sandy Heath UHF analogue TV transmitter
- Foster, C. W.; Longley, Thomas, eds. (1924). The Lincolnshire Domesday and Lindsey Survey. Annual works of the society. 19. Horncastle: Lincoln Record Society.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lincolnshire |
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Wikisource has the text of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.) article Lincoln. |
- Lincolnshire County Council website
- Visitlincolnshire.com
- Lincolnshire Show official website
- Pathe newsreel of motor tractors at 1919 agricultural show, thought to be Lincoln show
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincolnshire
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
George Percy Aldridge Grainger (8 July 1882 – 20 February 1961), known as Percy Grainger, was an Australian-born composer, arranger and pianist. In the course of a long and innovative career he played a prominent role in the revival of interest in British folk music in the early years of the 20th century. He also made many adaptations of other composers' works. Although much of his work was experimental and unusual, the piece with which he is most generally associated is his piano arrangement of the folk-dance tune "Country Gardens".
Grainger left Australia at the age of 13 to attend the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. Between 1901 and 1914 he was based in London, where he established himself first as a society pianist and later as a concert performer, composer and collector of original folk melodies. As his reputation grew he met many of the significant figures in European music, forming important friendships with Frederick Delius and Edvard Grieg. He became a champion of Nordic music and culture, his enthusiasm for which he often expressed in private letters in explicitly racist and anti-Semitic terms.
In 1914 Grainger moved to the United States, where he lived for the rest of his life, though he travelled widely in Europe and in Australasia. He served briefly as a bandsman in the US Army during 1917–18, and took US citizenship in 1918. After his mother's suicide in 1922 he became increasingly involved in educational work. He also experimented with music machines that he hoped would supersede human interpretation. In the 1930s he set up the Grainger Museum in Melbourne, his birthplace, as a monument to his life and works and as a future research archive. As he grew older he continued to give concerts and to revise and rearrange his own compositions, while writing little new music. After the Second World War, ill health reduced his levels of activity, and he considered his career a failure. He gave his last concert in 1960, less than a year before his death.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Family background[link]
Percy Grainger's father, John Grainger (1854–1917),[n 1] was a British-born architect who emigrated to Australia in 1877. He won professional recognition for his design of the Princes Bridge across the Yarra River in Melbourne.[2] In October 1880 he married Rose Annie Aldridge, daughter of an Adelaide hotel-keeper; the couple settled in New St, Brighton, a suburb of Melbourne, where their only son, christened George Percy Grainger, was born on 8 July 1882.[3] The Grainger house at 305 New St, Brighton has recently been redeveloped, with the original structure intact.
John Grainger was an accomplished artist, with broad cultural interests and a wide circle of friends.[4] These included David Mitchell, whose daughter Helen later gained worldwide fame as an operatic soprano under the name Nellie Melba. John's claims to have "discovered" her are unfounded, although he may have offered her encouragement.[5] John was a heavy drinker and a womaniser who, Rose learned after the marriage, had fathered a child in England before coming to Australia. His promiscuous lifestyle placed heavy strains upon the relationship, particularly when Rose discovered shortly after Percy's birth that she had contracted a form of syphilis from her husband.[3][4] Despite this, the Graingers stayed together until 1890, when John went to England for medical treatment. After his return to Australia they lived apart; the burden of raising Percy fell to Rose,[6] while John pursued his career as chief architect to the Western Australian Department of Public Works. He also designed Nellie Melba's home, Coombe Cottage, at Coldstream.[2]
Childhood[link]
Except for three months' formal schooling as a 12-year-old, during which he was bullied and ridiculed by his classmates, Percy was educated at home.[4] Rose, an autodidact with a dominating presence, supervised his music and literature studies and engaged other tutors for languages, art and drama. From his earliest lessons Percy developed a lifelong fascination with Nordic culture; writing late in life he maintained that the Icelandic "Saga of Grettir the Strong" was "the strongest single artistic influence on my life".[7][8][9] As well as showing precocious musical talents, he displayed considerable early gifts as an artist, to the extent that his tutors thought his future might lie in art rather than music.[10] At the age of 10 he began studying piano under Louis Pabst, a German emigré then considered to be Melbourne's leading piano teacher. Grainger's first known composition, "A Birthday Gift to Mother", is dated 1893.[2] Pabst arranged Grainger's first public concert appearances, at Melbourne's Masonic Hall in July and September 1894. The boy played works by Bach, Beethoven, Schumann and Scarlatti, and was warmly complimented in the Melbourne press.[11]
After Pabst returned to Europe in the autumn of 1894, Grainger's new piano tutor, Adelaide Burkitt, arranged for his appearances at a series of concerts in October 1894, at Melbourne's Royal Exhibition Building. The size of this enormous venue horrified the young pianist; nevertheless, his performance delighted the Melbourne critics who dubbed him "the flaxen haired phenomenon who plays like a master".[12] This public acclaim helped Rose to decide that her son should continue his studies at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt am Main, Germany – she had been recommended to this institution by William Laver, head of piano studies at Melbourne's Conservatorium of music. Financial assistance was secured through a fund-raising benefit concert in Melbourne and a final recital in Adelaide, after which mother and son left Australia for Europe on 29 May 1895.[13] Although he never returned permanently to Australia, Grainger maintained considerable patriotic feelings for his native land,[14] and was proud of his Australian heritage.[2]
Frankfurt[link]
File:Percy Grainger in 1901.jpg
Grainger aged 18, towards the end of his Frankfurt years
In Frankfurt, Rose established herself as a teacher of English; her earnings were supplemented by contributions from John Grainger, who had settled in Perth. The Hoch Conservatory's reputation for piano teaching had been enhanced by the tenure, until 1892, of Clara Schumann as head of piano studies. Grainger's piano tutor was James Kwast, who developed his young pupil's skills to the extent that, within a year, Grainger was being lauded as a prodigy.[15] Grainger had difficult relations with his original composition teacher, Iwan Knorr;[4] he withdrew from Knorr's classes to study composition privately with an amateur composer and folk-music enthusiast, Karl Klimsch, whom he would later honour as "my only composition teacher".[2]
Together with a group of slightly older British students – Roger Quilter, Balfour Gardiner, Cyril Scott and Norman O'Neill, all of whom became his friends – Grainger helped form the "Frankfurt Group", whose long-term objective was to rescue British and Scandinavian music from what they considered the negative influences of central European music.[4] Encouraged by Klimsch, Grainger turned away from composing classical pastiches reminiscent of Handel, Haydn and Mozart,[16] and developed a personal compositional style the originality and maturity of which quickly impressed and astonished his friends.[14] At this time Grainger discovered the poetry of Rudyard Kipling and began setting it to music; according to Scott, "No poet and composer have been so suitably wedded since Heine & Schumann".[14]
After accompanying her son on an extended European tour in the summer of 1900 Rose, whose health had been poor for some time, suffered a nervous collapse and could no longer work.[17] To replace lost income Grainger began giving piano lessons and public performances; his first solo recital was in Frankfurt on 6 December 1900.[2] Meanwhile he continued his studies with Kwast, and increased his repertoire until he was confident he could maintain himself and his mother as a concert pianist. Having chosen London as his future base, in May 1901 Grainger abandoned his studies and, with Rose, left Frankfurt for England.[17]
Before leaving Frankfurt, Grainger had fallen in love with Kwast's daughter Mimi;[17] in an autobiographical essay dated 1947 he admits to being "already sex-crazy" at this time.[18] (Mimi Kwast, who was the grand-daughter of Ferdinand Hiller, married another of her father's pupils, Hans Pfitzner.) John Bird, Grainger's biographer, also records that during his Frankfurt years Grainger began to develop sexual appetites that were "distinctly abnormal"; by the age of 16 he had started to experiment in flagellation and other sado-masochistic practices, which he continued to pursue through most of his adult life. Bird surmises that Grainger's fascination with themes of punishment and pain derived from the harsh discipline to which Rose had subjected him as a child.[18]
London years[link]
Concert pianist[link]
In London, Grainger's charm, good looks and talent (with some assistance from the local Australian community) ensured that he was quickly taken up as a pianist by wealthy patrons, and was soon performing in concerts in private homes. The Times critic recorded after one such appearance that Grainger's playing "revealed rare intelligence and a good deal of artistic insight".[19] In 1902 he was presented by the socialite Lillith Lowrey to Queen Alexandra, who thereafter frequently attended his London recitals.[20] Lowrey, 20 years Grainger's senior, traded patronage and contacts for sexual favours – he termed the relationship a "love-serve job".[8] She was the first woman with whom he had sex; he later wrote of this initial encounter that he had experienced "an overpowering landslide" of feeling, and that "I thought I was about to die. If I remember correctly, I only experienced fear of death. I don't think that any joy entered into it".[21]
In February 1902 Grainger made his first appearance as a piano soloist with an orchestra, playing Tchaikovsky's first piano concerto with the Bath Pump Room Orchestra. In October of that year he toured Britain in a concert party with Adelina Patti, the Italian-born opera singer. Patti was greatly taken by the young pianist and prophesied a glorious career for him.[22] The following year he met the German-Italian composer and pianist Ferruccio Busoni. Initially the two men were on cordial terms (Busoni offered to give Grainger lessons free of charge) and as a result, Grainger spent part of the 1903 summer in Berlin as Busoni's pupil.[2] However, the visit was not a success; as Bird notes, Busoni had expected "a willing slave and adoring disciple", a role Grainger was not willing to fulfil.[23] Grainger returned to London in July 1903; almost immediately he departed with Rose on a 10-month tour of Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, as a member of a party organised by the Australian contralto Ada Crossley.[24]
Emergent composer[link]
File:Percy Grainger at the Aeolian.jpg
Notice for a 1907 Grainger recital, Aeolian Hall, London
Before going to London Grainger had composed numerous Kipling settings, and his first mature orchestral pieces.[25] In London, when he found time he continued to compose; a letter to Balfour Gardiner dated 21 July 1901 indicates that he was working on his Marching Song of Democracy (a Walt Whitman setting), and had made good progress with the experimental works Train Music and Charging Irishrey.[26] In his early London years he also composed Hill Song Number 1 (1902), an instrumental piece much admired by Busoni.[25][27]
In 1905, inspired by a lecture given by the pioneer folksong historian Lucy Broadwood, Grainger began to collect original folksongs. Starting at Brigg in Lincolnshire, over the next five years he gathered and transcribed more than 300 songs from all over the country, including much material that had never been written down before. From 1906 Grainger used a phonograph, one of the first collectors to do so, and by this means he assembled more than 200 Edison cylinder recordings of native folk singers.[28][29] These activities coincided with what Bird calls "the halcyon days of the 'First English Folksong Revival'".[30]
As his stature in the music world increased, Grainger became acquainted with many of its leading figures, including Vaughan Williams, Elgar, Richard Strauss and Debussy.[28] In 1907 he met Frederick Delius, with whom he achieved an immediate rapport – the two musicians had similar ideas about composition and harmony, and shared a dislike for the classical German masters.[31] Both were inspired by folk music;[32] Grainger gave Delius his setting of the folksong Brigg Fair, which the older composer developed into his famous orchestral rhapsody, dedicated to Grainger.[31] The two remained close friends until Delius's death in 1934.[33]
Grainger first met Grieg at the home of the London financier Sir Edgar Speyer, in May 1906.[34] As a student Grainger had learned to appreciate the Norwegian's harmonic originality, and by 1906 had several Grieg pieces in his concert repertoire, including the piano concerto.[35] Grieg was greatly impressed with Grainger's playing, and wrote that the Australian was "a genius that we Scandinavians cannot do other than love."[36] Through 1906–7 the two maintained a mutually complimentary correspondence, which culminated in Grainger's ten-day visit in July 1907 to the composer's Norwegian home, "Troldhaugen" near Bergen. Here the two spent much time revising and rehearsing the piano concerto in preparation for that year's Leeds Festival. Their plans for a long-term working relationship were thwarted by Grieg's sudden death in September 1907; this relatively brief acquaintance had a considerable impact on Grainger, and he championed Grieg's music for the rest of his life.[35]
File:GraingerandGrieg1907.jpg
Grainger (centre), with Edvard Grieg (left of picture), Nina Grieg and Julius Röntgen, at "Troldhaugen", July 1907.
After fulfilling a hectic schedule of concert engagements in Britain and continental Europe, in August 1908 Grainger accompanied Ada Crossley on a second Australasian tour, during which he added several cylinders of Maori and Polynesian music to his collection of recordings.[28] He had resolved to establish himself as a top-ranking pianist before promoting himself as a composer,[9] though he continued to compose both original works and folksong settings. Some of his most successful and most characteristic pieces, such as "Mock Morris", "Handel in the Strand", "Shepherd's Hey" and "Molly on the Shore" date from this period. In 1908 he obtained the tune of "Country Gardens" from the folk music specialist Cecil Sharp, though he did not fashion it into a performable piece for another ten years.[37][38] In 1911 Grainger finally felt confident enough of his standing as a pianist to begin large-scale publishing of his compositions, at the same time adopting the professional name of "Percy Aldridge Grainger".[8][39]
In a series of concerts arranged by Balfour Gardiner at London's Queen's Hall in March 1912, five of Grainger's works were performed to great public acclaim; the band of thirty guitars and mandolins for the performance of "Fathers and Daughters" created a particular impression.[40] On 21 May 1912 Grainger presented the first concert devoted entirely to his own compositions, at the Aeolian Hall, London;[9] the concert was, he reported, "a sensational success".[41] A similarly enthusiastic reception was given to Grainger's music at a second series of Gardiner concerts the following year.[42]
In 1905 Grainger began a close friendship with Karen Holten, a Danish music student who had been recommended to him as a piano pupil. She became an important confidante; the relationship persisted for eight years, largely through correspondence.[43][n 2] After her marriage in 1916 she and Grainger continued to correspond and occasionally meet until her death in 1953. Grainger was briefly engaged in 1913 to another pupil, Margot Harrison, but the relationship foundered through a mixture of Rose's over-possessiveness and Grainger's indecision.[45][46]
Maturity[link]
Departure for America[link]
In April 1914 Grainger gave his first performance of Delius's piano concerto, at a music festival in Torquay. Thomas Beecham, who was one of the festival's guest conductors, reported to Delius that "Percy was good in the forte passages, but made far too much noise in the quieter bits".[47] Grainger was receiving increasing recognition as a composer; leading musicians and orchestras were adding his works to their repertoires.[45] His decision to leave England for America in early September 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War, damaged his reputation among his patriotically minded British friends.[2] Grainger wrote that the reason for this abrupt departure was "to give mother a change".[48] However, according to Bird, Grainger often explained that his reason for leaving London was that "he wanted to emerge as Australia's first composer of worth, and to have laid himself open to the possibility of being killed would have rendered his goal unattainable".[49] The Daily Telegraph music critic Robin Legge accused him of cowardice, and told him not to expect a welcome in England after the war,[8] words that hurt Grainger deeply.[50]
Grainger's first American tour began on 11 February 1915 with a recital at New York's Aeolian Hall. He played works by Bach, Brahms, Handel and Chopin alongside two of his own compositions: "Colonial Song" and "Mock Morris". In July 1915 Grainger had formally registered his intention to apply for US citizenship.[51] Over the next two years his engagements included concerts with Nellie Melba in Boston and Pittsburgh and a command performance before President Woodrow Wilson. In addition to his concert performances, Grainger secured a contract with the Duo-Art Company for making pianola rolls, and signed a recording contract with Columbia.[9]
In April 1917 Grainger received news of John Grainger's death in Perth.[52] On 9 June 1917, after America's entry into the war, he enlisted as a bandsman in the Coast Artillery Corps of the US Army. He had joined as a saxophonist,[n 3] though he records learning the oboe: "I long for the time when I can blow my oboe well enough to play in the band".[55] In his 18 months' service, Grainger made frequent appearances as a pianist at Red Cross and Liberty bond concerts. As a regular encore he began to play a piano setting of the tune "Country Gardens". The piece became instantly popular; sheet music sales quickly broke many publishing records.[56] The work was to become synonymous with Grainger's name through the rest of his life, though he came in time to detest it.[57] On 3 June 1918 he became a naturalised American citizen.[58]
Career zenith[link]
After leaving the army in January 1919, Grainger refused an offer to become conductor of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra and resumed his career as a concert pianist.[59] He was soon performing around 120 concerts a year,[60] generally to great critical acclaim, and in April 1921 reached a wider audience by performing in a cinema, New York's Capitol Theatre. Grainger commented that the huge audiences at these cinema concerts often showed greater appreciation for his playing than those at established concert venues such as Carnegie Hall and the Aeolian.[61] In the summer of 1919 he led a course in piano technique at Chicago Musical College, the first of many such educational duties he would undertake in later years.[62][63]
Amid his concert and teaching duties, Grainger found time to rescore many of his works (a habit he continued throughout his life) and also to compose new pieces: his "Children's March: Over the Hills and Far Away", and the orchestral version of "The Power of Rome and the Christian Heart" both originated in this period.[64] He also began to develop the technique of elastic scoring, a form of flexible orchestration which enabled works to be performed by different numbers of players and instrument types, from small chamber groups up to full orchestral strength.[65]
In April 1921 Grainger moved with his mother to a large house in White Plains, New York. This was his home for the remainder of his life.[8] From the beginning of 1922 Rose's health deteriorated sharply; she was suffering from delusions and nightmares, and became fearful that her illness would harm her son's career.[66] Because of the closeness of the bond between the two, there had long been rumours that their relationship was incestuous;[57] in April 1922 Rose was directly challenged over this issue by her friend Lotta Hough.[67] From her last letter to Grainger, dated 29 April, it seems that this confrontation unbalanced Rose; on 30 April, while Grainger was touring on the West Coast, she jumped to her death from an office window on the 18th floor of the Aeolian Building in New York City.[68] The letter, which began "I am out of my mind and cannot think properly", asked Grainger if he had ever spoken to Lotta of "improper love". She signed the letter: "Your poor insane mother".[69]
Inter-war years[link]
Traveller[link]
File:Fritz Delius (1907).jpg
Frederick Delius, with whom Grainger enjoyed a long professional and personal relationship
After Rose's funeral, Grainger sought solace in a return to work. In autumn 1922 he left for a year-long trip to Europe, where he collected and recorded Danish folksongs before a concert tour that took him to Norway, Holland, Germany and England. In Norway he stayed with Delius at the latter's summer home. Delius was by now almost blind; Grainger helped fulfil his friend's wish to see a Norwegian sunset by carrying him (with some assistance) to the top of a nearby mountain peak.[70] He returned to White Plains in August 1923.[71]
Although now less committed to a year-round schedule of concerts, Grainger remained a very popular performer. His eccentricities, often exaggerated for publicity reasons, reportedly included running into auditoriums in gym kit and leaping over the grand piano to create a grand entrance.[72] While he continued to revise and rescore his compositions, he increasingly worked on arrangements of music by other composers,[73] in particular works by Bach, Brahms, Fauré and Delius.[74] Away from music, Grainger's preoccupation with Nordic culture led him to develop a form of English which, he maintained, reflected the character of the language before the Norman conquest. Words of Norman or Latin origin were replaced by supposedly Nordic word-forms, such as "blend-band" (orchestra), "forthspeaker" (lecturer) and "writ-piece" (article). He called this "blue-eyed" English.[75] His convictions of Nordic superiority eventually led Grainger, in letters to friends, to express his views in crudely racial and anti-Semitic terms; the music historian David Pear describes Grainger as, "at root, a racial bigot of no small order".[76][n 4]
Grainger made further trips to Europe in 1925 and 1927, collecting more Danish folk music with the aid of the octogenarian ethnologist Evald Tang Kristensen; this work formed the basis of the Suite on Danish Folksongs of 1928–30.[9] He also visited Australia and New Zealand, in 1924 and again in 1926. In November 1926, while returning to America, he met Ella Ström, a Swedish-born artist with whom he developed a close friendship. On arrival in America the pair separated, but were reunited in England the following autumn after Grainger's final folksong expedition to Denmark. In October 1927 the couple agreed to marry.[80] Ella had a daughter, Elsie, who had been born out of wedlock in 1909. Grainger always acknowledged her as a family member, and developed a warm personal relationship with her.[81]
Although Bird asserts that before her marriage, Ella knew nothing of Grainger's sado-masochistic interests,[82] in a letter dated 23 April 1928 (four months before the wedding) Grainger writes to her: "As far as my taste goes, blows [with the whip] are most thrilling on breasts, bottom, inner thighs, sexparts". He later adds, "I shall thoroly thoroly [sic] understand if you cannot in any way see yr way to follow up this hot wish of mine".[83] The couple were married on 9 August 1928 at the Hollywood Bowl, at the end of a concert which, in honour of the bride, had included the first performance of Grainger's bridal song "To a Nordic Princess".[9]
Educator[link]
From the late 1920s and early 1930s Grainger became involved increasingly with educational work in schools and colleges,[9] and in late 1931 accepted a year's appointment for 1932–33 as professor of music at New York University (NYU). In this role he delivered a series of lectures under the heading "A General Study of the Manifold Nature of Music", which introduced his students to a wide range of ancient and modern works.[9] On 25 October 1932 his lecture was illustrated by Duke Ellington and his band, who appeared in person; Grainger admired Ellington's music, seeing harmonic similarities with Delius. On the whole, however, Grainger did not enjoy his tenure at NYU; he disliked the institutional formality, and found the university generally unreceptive to his ideas. Despite many offers he never accepted another formal academic appointment, and refused all offers of honorary degrees.[84][n 5] His New York lectures became the basis for a series of radio talks which he gave for the Australian Broadcasting Commission in 1934–35; these were later summarised and published as Music: A Commonsense View of All Types.[2] On 3 and 4 September 1934 Grainger adjudicated at the Sydney Eisteddfod on Sections 10 (Vocal Ensemble) and 45 (String Ensemble) for which he selected and provided the music. In 1937 Grainger began an association with the Interlochen International Music Camp, and taught regularly at its summer schools until 1944.[86]
Innovator[link]
Further information: Grainger Museum
The idea of establishing a Grainger Museum in Australia had first occurred to Grainger in 1932. He began collecting and recovering from friends letters and artefacts, even those demonstrating the most private aspects of his life,[87] such as whips, bloodstained shirts and revealing photographs.[88] In September 1933 he and Ella went to Australia to begin supervising the building work. To finance the project, Grainger embarked on a series of concerts and broadcasts,[89] in which he subjected his audiences to a vast range of the world's music in accordance with his "universalist" view. Controversially, he argued for the superior achievements of Nordic composers over traditionally recognised masters such as Mozart and Beethoven.[2]
Among various new ideas, Grainger introduced his so-called "free-music" theories. He believed that conformity with the traditional rules of set scales, rhythms and harmonic procedures amounted to "absurd goose-stepping", from which music should be set free.[90] He demonstrated two experimental compositions of free music, performed initially by a string quartet and later by the use of electronic theremins.[8] He believed that ideally, free music required non-human performance, and spent much of his later life developing machines to fulfil this vision.[91]
While the building of the museum proceeded, the Graingers visited England for several months in 1936, during which Grainger made his first BBC broadcast. In this, he conducted "Love Verses from The Song of Solomon" in which the tenor soloist was the then unknown Peter Pears.[92] After spending 1937 in America, Grainger returned to Melbourne in 1938 for the official opening of the Museum; among those present at the ceremony was his old piano teacher Adelaide Burkitt. The museum did not open to the general public during Grainger's lifetime, but was available to scholars for research.[93][94]
In the late 1930s Grainger spent much time arranging his works in settings for wind bands. He wrote A Lincolnshire Posy for the March 1937 convention of the American Band Masters' Association in Milwaukee,[95] and in 1939, on his last visit to England before the Second World War, he composed "The Duke of Marlborough's Fanfare", giving it the subtitle "British War Mood Grows".[93]
Later career[link]
Second World War[link]
The outbreak of war in Europe in September 1939 curtailed Grainger's overseas travelling. In the autumn of 1940, alarmed that the war might precipitate an invasion of the United States eastern seaboard, he and Ella moved to Springfield, Missouri, in the centre of the continent.[96] From 1940 Grainger played regularly in charity concerts, especially after the attack on Pearl Harbor brought the United States into the war in December 1941; the historian Robert Simon calculates that Grainger made a total of 274 charity appearances during the war years, many of them at Army and Air force camps.[94] In 1942 a collection of his Kipling settings, the Jungle Book cycle, was performed in eight cities by the choir of the Gustavus Adolphus College from St. Peter, Minnesota.[97]
Postwar decline[link]
Exhausted from his wartime concerts routine, Grainger spent much of 1946 on holiday in Europe. He was experiencing a sense of career failure; in 1947, when refusing the Chair of Music at Adelaide University, he wrote: "If I were 40 years younger, and not so crushed by defeat in every branch of music I have essayed, I am sure I would have welcomed such a chance".[98] In January 1948 he conducted the premiere of his wind band setting of "The Power of Rome and the Christian Heart", written for the Goldman Band to celebrate the 70th birthday of its founder. Afterwards, Grainger denigrated his own music as "commonplace" while praising Darius Milhaud's Suite Française, with which it had shared the programme.[99]
On 10 August 1948, Grainger appeared at the London Proms, playing the piano part in his Suite on Danish Folksongs with the London Symphony Orchestra under Basil Cameron. On 18 September he attended the Last Night of the Proms, standing in the promenade section for Delius's Brigg Fair.[100] Over the next few years several friends died: Gardiner in 1950, Quilter and Karen Holten in 1953. In October 1953 Grainger was operated on for abdominal cancer; his fight against this disease would last for the rest of his life.[101] He continued to appear at concerts, often in church halls and educational establishments rather than major concert venues.[9] In 1954, after his last Carnegie Hall appearance, Grainger's long promotion of Grieg's music was recognised when he was awarded the St. Olav Medal by King Haakon of Norway.[102] However, a growing bitterness was becoming evident in his writings and correspondence; in a letter to his lifelong friend, the Danish composer Herman Sandby, he bemoaned the continuing ascendency in music of the "German form", and asserted that "all my compositional life I have been a leader without followers".[102]
After 1950 Grainger virtually ceased to compose. His principal creative activity in the last decade of his life was his work with Burnett Cross, a young physics teacher, on free music machines. The first of these was a relatively simple device controlled by an adapted pianola.[103] Next was the "Estey-reed tone-tool", a form of giant harmonica which, Grainger expectantly informed his stepdaughter Elsie in April 1951, would be ready to play free music "in a few weeks".[104] A third machine, the "Cross-Grainger Kangaroo-pouch", was completed by 1952. Developments in transistor technology encouraged Grainger and Cross to begin work on a fourth, entirely electronic machine, which was incomplete when Grainger died.[8][103]
In September 1955 Grainger made his final visit to Australia, where he spent nine months organising and arranging exhibits for the Grainger Museum. He refused to consider a "Grainger Festival", as suggested by the Australian Broadcasting Commission, because he felt that his homeland had rejected him and his music. Before leaving Melbourne, he deposited in a bank a parcel that contained an essay and photographs related to his sex life, not to be opened until 10 years after his death.[105]
Last years[link]
By 1957 Grainger's physical health had markedly declined, as had his powers of concentration.[106] Nevertheless, he continued to visit Britain regularly; in May of that year he made his only television appearance, in a BBC "Concert Hour" programme when he played "Handel in the Strand" on the piano. Back home, after further surgery he recovered sufficiently to undertake a modest winter concerts season.[107] On his 1958 visit to England he met Benjamin Britten, the two having previously maintained a mutually complimentary correspondence.[108] He agreed to visit Britten's Aldeburgh Festival in 1959, but was prevented by illness. Sensing that death was drawing near, he made a new will, bequeathing his skeleton "for preservation and possible display in the Grainger Museum". This wish was not carried out.[109]
Through the winter of 1959–60 Grainger continued to perform his own music, often covering long distances by bus or train; he would not travel by air. On 29 April 1960 he gave his last public concert, at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, although by now his illness was affecting his concentration. On this occasion his morning recital went well, but his conducting in the afternoon was, in his own words, "a fiasco".[110][111] Subsequently confined to his home, he continued to revise his music and arrange that of others; in August he informed Elsie that he was working on an adaptation of one of Cyril Scott's early songs.[112] His last letters, written from hospital in December 1960 and January 1961, record attempts to work, despite failing eyesight and hallucinations: "I have been trying to write score for several days. But I have not succeeded yet."[113]
Grainger died in the White Plains hospital on 20 February 1961, at the age of 78. His body was flown to Adelaide where, on 2 March, he was buried in the Aldridge family vault in the West Terrace Cemetery, alongside Rose's ashes.[8] Ella survived him by 18 years; in 1972, aged 83, she married a young archivist, Stewart Manville. She died at White Plains on 17 July 1979.[2][114]
Music[link]
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A United States Navy Band Sea Chanters ensemble rendition of the 1912 Percy Grainger version of "Seventeen Come Sunday"
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For a listing of Grainger's musical works, see List of compositions by Percy Grainger.
Grainger's own works fall into two categories: original compositions and folk music arrangements. Besides these, he wrote many settings of other composers' works.[8][9] Despite his conservatory training he rebelled against the disciplines of the central European tradition, largely rejecting conventional forms such as symphony, sonata, concerto and opera. With few exceptions his original compositions are miniatures, lasting between two and eight minutes. Only a few of his works originated as piano pieces, though in due course almost all of them were, in his phrase, "dished up" in piano versions.[9]
The conductor John Eliot Gardiner describes Grainger as "a true original in terms of orchestration and imaginative instrumentation", whose terseness of expression is reminiscent in style both of the 20th century Second Viennese School and the Italian madrigalists of the 16th and 17th centuries.[115] Malcolm Gillies, a Grainger scholar, writes of Grainger's style that "you know it is 'Grainger' when you have heard about one second of a piece".[116] The music's most individual characteristic, Gillies argues, is its texture – "the weft of the fabric", according to Grainger.[117] Different textures are defined by Grainger as "smooth", "grained" and "prickly".[9]
Grainger was a musical democrat; he believed that in a performance each player's role should be of equal importance. His elastic scoring technique was developed to enable groups of all sizes and combinations of instruments to give effective performances of his music. Experimentation is evident in Grainger's earliest works; irregular rhythms based on rapid changes of time signature were employed in Love Verses from "The Song of Solomon" (1899), and Train Music (1901), long before Stravinsky adopted this practice.[4] In search of specific sounds Grainger employed unconventional instruments and techniques: solovoxes, theremins, marimbas, musical glasses, harmoniums, banjos, and ukuleles.[109][118] In one early concert of folk music, Quilter and Scott were conscripted as performers, to whistle various parts.[119] In "Random Round" (1912–14), inspired by the communal music-making he had heard in the Pacific Islands on his second Australasian tour, Grainger introduced an element of chance into performances; individual vocalists and instrumentalists could make random choices from a menu of variations.[9] This experiment in "aleatory" composition presaged by many decades the use of similar procedures by avant-garde composers such as Berio and Stockhausen.[120]
The brief "Sea Song" of 1907 was an early attempt by Grainger to write "beatless" music. This work, initially set over 14 irregular bars and occupying about 15 seconds of performing time,[121] was a forerunner of Grainger's free music experiments of the 1930s. Grainger wrote: "It seems to me absurd to live in an age of flying, and yet not be able to execute tonal glides and curves". The idea of tonal freedom, he said, had been in his head since as a boy of eleven or twelve he had observed the wave-movements in the sea. "Out in nature we hear all kinds of lovely and touching "free" (non-harmonic) combinations of tones; yet we are unable to take up these beauties ... into the art of music because of our archaic notions of harmony".[90] In a 1941 letter to Scott, Grainger acknowledged that he had failed to produce any large-scale works in the manner of a Bach oratorio, a Wagner opera or a Brahms symphony, but excused this failure on the grounds that all his works prior to the mid-1930s had been mere preparations for his free music.[122]
As a student, Grainger had learned to appreciate the music of Grieg, and came to regard the Norwegian as a paragon of Nordic beauty and greatness. Grieg in turn described Grainger as a new way forward for English composition, "quite different from Elgar, very original". After a lifetime interpreting Grieg's works, in 1944 Grainger began adapting the Norwegian's E minor Piano Sonata, Op. 7 as a "Grieg-Grainger Symphony", but abandoned the project after writing 16 bars of music. By this time, Grainger acknowledged that he had not fulfilled Grieg's high expectations of him, either as a composer or as a pianist. He also reflected on whether it would have been better, from the point of view of his development as a composer, had he never met the Griegs, "sweet and dear though they were to me".[123]
Grainger was known for his musical experimentation and did not hesitate to exploit the capabilities of the orchestra. Train Music was intended for 150 players and Country Gardens has some lush harmonic invention. Perhaps his most ambitious work was The Warriors, an 18 minute 'imaginary ballet' of frenzied 'danceable music', entrusted to a huge orchestral ensemble incorporating a large 'tuneful percussion' mixture alongside at least three pianos – in one performance, Grainger used nineteen pianos with thirty pianists – to be played by "exceptionally strong vigorous players".[124]
Legacy[link]
Grainger considered himself an Australian composer who, he said, wrote music "in the hopes of bringing honor and fame to my native land".[125] However, much of Grainger's working life was spent elsewhere, and the extent to which he influenced Australian music, within his lifetime and thereafter, is debatable.[126] His efforts to educate the Australian musical public in the mid-1930s were indifferently received, and did not attract disciples;[127] writing in 2010, the academic and critic Roger Covell identifies only one significant contemporary Australian musician – the English-born horn player, pianist and conductor David Stanhope – working in the Grainger idiom.[126] In 1956, the suggestion by the composer Keith Humble that Grainger be invited to write music for the opening of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne had been rejected by the organisers of the Games.[105]
Grainger was a life long atheist and believed he would only endure in the body of work he left behind.[128] He took an unusual course of action to ensure that survival by establishing a personal museum dedicated to his own life. The Grainger Museum was given little attention before the mid-1970s;[9] it was initially regarded as evidence either of an over-large ego or of extreme eccentricity.[129] Since then the University of Melbourne's commitment to the museum has, Covell asserts, "rescued [it] permanently from academic denigration and belittlement".[129] Its vast quantities of materials have been used to investigate not only Grainger's life and works, but those of contemporaries whom Grainger had known: Grieg, Delius, Scott and others.[130] The Grainger home at 7 Cromwell Place, White Plains, is now the Percy Grainger Library and is a further repository of memorabilia and historic performance material, open to researchers and visitors.[9][131]
In Britain, Grainger's main legacy is the revival of interest in folk music. His pioneering work in the recording and setting of folksongs greatly influenced the following generation of English composers; Benjamin Britten acknowledged the Australian as his master in this respect.[132] After hearing a broadcast of some Grainger settings, Britten reportedly declared that these "[knocked] all the Vaughan Williams and R. O. Morris arrangements into a cocked hat".[133] In the United States, Grainger left a strong educational legacy through his involvement, over 40 years, with high school, summer school and college students. Likewise, his innovative approaches to instrumentation and scoring have left their mark on modern American band music;[9] Timothy Reynish, a conductor and teacher of band music in Europe and America, has described him as "the only composer of stature to consider military bands the equal, if not the superior, in expressive potential to symphony orchestras."[134] Grainger's attempts to produce "free music" by mechanical and later electronic means, which he considered his most important work, produced no follow-up; they were quickly overtaken and nullified by new technological advances. Covell nevertheless remarks that in this endeavour, Grainger's dogged resourcefulness and ingenious use of available materials demonstrate a particularly Australian aspect of the composer's character – one of which Grainger would have been proud.[135]
Assessment[link]
File:Grainger stone.jpg
Percy Grainger's tombstone "World famous composer and pianist"
In 1945 Grainger devised an informal ratings system for composers and musical styles, based on criteria that included originality, complexity and beauty. Of forty composers and styles, he ranked himself equal ninth—behind Wagner and Delius, but well ahead of Grieg and Tchaikovsky.[123] Nevertheless, in his later years he frequently denigrated his career, for example writing to Scott: "I have never been a true musician or true artist".[136] His failure to be recognised as a composer for anything beyond his popular folk-song arrangements was a source of frustration and disappointment;[137] for years after his death the bulk of his output remained largely unperformed.[138] From the 1990s an increase in the number of Grainger recordings has brought a revival of interest in his works, and has enhanced his reputation as a composer.[2] An unsigned tribute published on the Gramophone website in February 2011 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Grainger's death opined that "though he would never be put on a pedestal to join the pantheon of immortals, he is unorthodox, original and deserves better than to be dismissed by the more snooty arbiters of musical taste".[109]
Of Grainger the pianist, The New York Times critic Harold Schonberg wrote that his unique style was expressed with "amazing skill, personality and vigor".[139] The early enthusiasm which had greeted his concert appearances became muted in later years, and reviews of his performances during the final ten years of his life were often harsh.[140] However, Britten regarded Grainger's late recording of the Grieg concerto, from a live performance at Aarhus in 1957, as "one of the noblest ever committed to record" – despite the suppression of the disc for many years, because of the proliferation of wrong notes and other faults.[141] Brian Allison from the Grainger Museum, referring to Grainger's early displays of artistic skills, has speculated that had John Grainger's influence not been removed, "Percy Aldridge Grainger may today be remembered as one of Australia's leading painters and designers, who just happened to have a latent talent as a pianist and composer".[142] The ethnomusicologist John Blacking, while acknowledging Grainger's contribution to social and cultural aspects of music, nevertheless writes that if the continental foundation of Grainger's musical education had not been "undermined by dilettantism and the disastrous influence of his mother, I am sure that his ultimate contribution to the world of music would have been much greater".[143]
Recordings[link]
Between 1908 and 1957 Grainger made numerous recordings, usually as pianist or conductor, of his own and other composers' music. His first recordings, for The Gramophone Company Ltd (later HMV), included the cadenza to Grieg's piano concerto; he did not record a complete version of this work on disc until 1945. Much of his recording work was done between 1917 and 1931, under contract with Columbia. At other times he recorded for Decca (1944–45 and 1957), and Vanguard (1957). Of his own compositions and arrangements, "Country Gardens", "Shepherd's Hey" and "Molly on the Shore" were recorded most frequently; in recordings of other composers, piano works by Bach, Brahms, Chopin, Grieg, Liszt and Schumann figure most often.[144] Grainger's complete 78 rpm solo piano recordings are now available on compact disc as a CD box set on APR records in transfers made by Ward Marston.[145] During his association with the Duo-Art company between 1915 and 1932, Grainger made around 80 piano rolls of his own and others' music, many of which have subsequently been transferred to CD, using a wooden robot designed to play a concert grand piano via an array of precision mechanical fingers and feet.[146][147][148] This reproduction system allowed Grainger to make a posthumous appearance in the Albert Hall, London, during the 1988 last night of the Proms as soloist with the BBC Symphony Orchestra in Grieg's Piano Concerto.[149]
Since Grainger's death, recordings of his works have been undertaken by many artists and issued under many different labels. In 1995 Chandos Records began to compile a complete recorded edition of Grainger's original compositions and folk settings.[150] Of 25 anticipated volumes, 19 had been completed as of 2010;[151] these were issued as a CD boxed set in 2011, to mark the 50th anniversary of the composer's death.[152]
Media portrayals[link]
Percy Grainger has been portrayed on screen more than once. In Song of Summer, a 1968 Ken Russell film mainly about Frederick Delius and Eric Fenby, he was played by David Collings. Passion (also known as Passion: The Story of Percy Grainger) was a 1999 Australian biopic about some episodes in Grainger's life during the early part of his career. It starred Richard Roxburgh as the composer and Barbara Hershey as Rose Grainger.
Notes and references[link]
- Notes
- ^ Although most sources give 1855 as the birth year, the Grainger Museum states that 1854 is the correct year.[1]
- ^ The correspondence was conducted largely in Danish, at which Grainger was fluent. His first letter to Holten, dated 12 August 1905, begins "Dear Miss Holten"; by the end of the year she is "My dear Karen". During their long separations Grainger's letters become a diary of his activities.[44]
- ^ There is no evidence up to this time that Grainger could play the saxophone,[53] but in an official listing of the band's personnel as of April 1918 he is listed as a saxophone soloist.[54]
- ^ Some of Grainger's earliest published letters contain anti-Semitic comments, for example to Karen Holten in 1905.[77] He later asserted that the Jewish race was less capable of producing good music than the Nordic races,[78] and his letter to Quilter of 25 February 1939 is cited by Gillies and Pear as an example of his racial intolerance.[76][79]
- ^ In April 1945 Grainger declined an honorary doctorate from McGill University in Montreal, on the grounds that having had only three months' formal schooling, his music "must be regarded as a product of non-education".[85]
- References
- ^ "John Grainger: A Brief Biographical Background". Grainger Museum (University of Melbourne). http://www.grainger.unimelb.edu.au/percy/john.html. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Dreyfus, Kay (2006). "Grainger, George Percy (1882 - 1961)". Australian Dictionary of Biography online. http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A090072b.htm. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 2–6
- ^ a b c d e f Simon, pp. 2–3
- ^ Bird, p. 9
- ^ Bird, pp. 14–15
- ^ Bird, p. 11
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Gillies, Malcolm (2004). "Grainger, Percy Aldridge". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online. http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/41/101041081/. Retrieved 20 April 2011. (Subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Gillies, Malcolm; Pear, David (2007). "Grainger, (George) Percy (Aldridge)". Oxford Music Online. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/11596?q=Percy+Grainger&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1. Retrieved 20 April 2011. (Subscription required)
- ^ Bird, p. 13
- ^ Bird, pp. 20–22
- ^ Bird, p. 23
- ^ Bird, pp. 24–25
- ^ a b c Scott, pp. 51–54
- ^ Bird, pp. 26–29
- ^ Bird, p. 35
- ^ a b c Bird, pp. 39–41
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 42–43
- ^ Bird, pp. 63–65
- ^ Bird, pp. 66 and 73
- ^ Pear ("Grainger: The Formative Years"), p. 6
- ^ Bird, p. 69
- ^ Bird, p. 81
- ^ Bird, pp. 83–88
- ^ a b Thwaites (ed.) p. xx
- ^ Dreyfus (ed.), p. 2
- ^ Bird, p. 79
- ^ a b c Simon, pp. 5–6
- ^ Tall, pp. 55–56
- ^ Bird, p. 102
- ^ a b Carley, pp. 33–34
- ^ Palmer, pp. 79–82
- ^ Carley, pp. 49–50
- ^ Bird, p. 116
- ^ a b Gillies, Malcolm; Pear, David (Autumn 2007). "Great Expectations: Grieg and Granger". The Musical Times 148 (1900): pp. 7–9. http://www.jstor.org/pss/25434475. (Subscription required)
- ^ Bird, p. 117
- ^ Tall, p. 63
- ^ Ould, p. 26
- ^ Thwaites (ed.), p. xxi
- ^ Bird, p. 144
- ^ Dreyfus, pp. 454, 458
- ^ Bird, p. 147
- ^ Dreyfus, p. xiv
- ^ Dreyfus, pp. 47, 54, 55 and others
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 148–49
- ^ Dreyfus, p. 492
- ^ Bird, pp. 150–51
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 13
- ^ Bird, p. 152
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 35–39
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 36
- ^ Bird, p. 158
- ^ Bird, p. 159
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 132–33
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 39–40
- ^ Foreman ("Miscellaneous Works"), pp. 137–38
- ^ a b Simon, p. 7
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. xv
- ^ Bird, p. 162
- ^ Tan, p. 15
- ^ Bird, pp, 167–68
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. xv
- ^ Bird, p. 166
- ^ Bird, pp. 163–64
- ^ Fairfax, pp. 75–77
- ^ Bird, p. 170
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 52
- ^ Bird, pp. 173–74
- ^ Bird, p. 175
- ^ Fenby, pp. 74–75
- ^ Bird, p. 183
- ^ Simon, p. 9
- ^ Ould, p. 25
- ^ Bird, pp. 279–81
- ^ Bird, p. 53. See also Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 107
- ^ a b Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 4–6
- ^ Dreyfus (ed.), p. 54
- ^ Pear ("Grainger the Social Commentator"), p. 36
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 156–63
- ^ Bird, pp. 194–96
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. xix
- ^ Bird. pp. 200–01
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 94–100
- ^ Bird, pp. 204–05
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 197–98
- ^ Bird, p. 213
- ^ Bird, p. 203
- ^ Piggott, p. 42
- ^ Bird, pp. 206–07
- ^ a b Statement by Percy Grainger entitled "Free Music", dated 6 December 1938, in Thwaites (ed.), pp. 207–08
- ^ Simon, p.12
- ^ Bird, p. 210
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 214–15
- ^ a b Simon, p. 11
- ^ Bird, p. 212
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 170
- ^ Bird, pp. 217–18
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 214–219
- ^ Bird, pp. 224–25
- ^ Bird, p. 226
- ^ Bird, pp. 238 and 242
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 241–42
- ^ a b Davies, Hugh (2007). "Cross-Grainger free music machine". Oxford Music Online. http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/47637. Retrieved 2 May 2011. (Subscription required)
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 248
- ^ a b Bird, pp. 243–45
- ^ Gillies and Pear, p. xvii
- ^ Bird, pp. 247–48
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), pp. 266–67
- ^ a b c "Percy Grainger (1882-1961) - the composer, 50 years on". Gramophone. 3 February 2011. http://www.gramophone.co.uk/features/focus/percy-grainger-1882-1961-the-composer-50-years-on.
- ^ Bird, p. 249
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 283
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 285
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 287
- ^ Thwaites (ed.), p. 166
- ^ Gardiner, John Eliot; Achenbach, Andrew (April 1996). "Happy to talk". Gramophone: p. 20. http://www.gramophone.net/Issue/Page/April%201996/20/805132/Happy+to+talk.
- ^ Gillies, Malcolm (16 October 2010). "Grainger: Fifty Years On". Grainger Museum (University of Melbourne). http://www.grainger.unimelb.edu.au/exhibitions/symposium.html. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 32
- ^ Josephson, pp. 614–17
- ^ Bird, p. 74
- ^ Bird, p. 146
- ^ Fairfax, p. 72
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 172
- ^ a b Gillies, Malcolm; Pear, David (30 May 2007). "Percy Grainger: Grieg's Interpreter and Propagator". International Grieg Society Conference. pp. 2–5. http://www.griegsociety.org/filer/1094.pdf. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
- ^ Servadei, Alessandro and Ould, Barry Peter (1997). "Orchestral works 2 — The Warriors" (CD booklet notes). Chandos Records. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
- ^ Covell, p. 141
- ^ a b Covell, p. 147
- ^ Covell, pp. 145–46
- ^ Thomas P. Lewis (June 1990). A Source Guide to the Music of Percy Grainger. Pro Am Music Resources. ISBN 978-0-912483-56-6. http://www.percygrainger.org/biograf3.htm.
- ^ a b Covell, pp. 142–43
- ^ Foreman ("Editor's Introduction"), p. 11
- ^ Manville, pp. 166–70
- ^ Bird, p. 114
- ^ Lloyd, p. 21
- ^ Reynish, p. 20
- ^ Covell, p. 148
- ^ Gillies and Pear (eds), p. 255
- ^ Pear ("Grainger the Social Commentator"), p. 32
- ^ Ould, p. 29
- ^ Quoted by Bird, pp. 100–01, from Schonberg, Harold (1964): The Great Pianists, London, Victor Gollancz
- ^ Bird, pp. 238–39
- ^ Bird, pp. 246–47
- ^ Allison, p. 53
- ^ Blacking, p. 1
- ^ Thwaites (ed.), pp. 227–32
- ^ Woolf, Jonathan (2011). Percy Grainger; the complete 78rpm solo recordings (review). MusicWeb International. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ Bird, pp. 304–06
- ^ Thwaites (ed.), pp. 233–35
- ^ Dubal, David (1996). Percy Grainger plays Grainger (CD booklet notes). Nimbus Records. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Pianola Institute concerts — archive. Website, www.pianola.org. Retrieved 17 September 2011.
- ^ Thwaites (ed.). p. 108
- ^ Thwaites (ed.), pp. 238–47
- ^ "The Grainger Edition Volumes 1-19". Presto Classical. 2011. http://www.prestoclassical.co.uk/r/Chandos/CHAN10638%252819%2529. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
Sources[link]
- Allison, Brian (2006). "Grainger the Visual Gourmet". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Bird, John (1982). Percy Grainger. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-11717-1.
- Blacking, John (1987). A commonsense View of All Music. Cambridge, UK; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-26500-2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Awo4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+commonsense+view+of+all+music&source=bl&ots=rk0MG0Lpeh&sig=EHEqunWGgV5Evlp6qW6d_fAWfDo&hl=en&ei=h_66TfrKEoW6hAe7wcDNBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Carley, Lionel (1981). "Impulsive Friend: Grainger and Delius". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Triplow, Leighton H. "An Analysis of 'The Warriors' (1916) by Percy Grainger", 2011.
- Covell, Roger (2010). "An Australian Composer?". In Thwaites, Penelope (ed.). The New Percy Grainger Companion. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-601-8.
- Dreyfus, Kay (ed.) (1985). The Farthest North of Humanness: Letters of Percy Grainger 1901–14. Melbourne: Macmillan (Australia). ISBN 0-333-38085-1.
- Fairfax, Brian (1981). "Orchestral Music". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Fenby, Eric (1981). Delius as I knew him. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-11836-4.
- Foreman, Lewis (1981). "Editor's Introduction". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Foreman, Lewis (1981). "Miscellaneous Works". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Gillies, Malcolm; Pear, David (eds) (1994). The All-Round Man: Selected Letters of Percy Grainger 1914–61. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-816377-0.
- Josephson, David (1980). "Grainger (George) Percy (Aldridge)". In Sadie, Stanley (ed.). New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 7. London. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/0-333-32311-1|0-333-32311-1]].
- Lloyd, Stephen (1981). "Grainger In a Nutshell". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Manville, Stewart (2010). "At Home in New York". In Thwaites, Penelope (ed.). The New Percy Grainger Companion. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-601-8.
- Ould, Barry Peter (2006). "Grainger the Music Arranger". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Palmer, Christopher (1976). Delius: Portrait of a Cosmopolitan. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-0773-1.
- Pear, David (2006). "Grainger: The Formative Years". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Pear, David (2006). "Grainger the Social Commentator". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Piggott, Michael (2006). "Grainger the Autoarchivist". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Reynish, Timothy (2010). "Music for Wind Band". In Thwaites, Penelope (ed.). The New Percy Grainger Companion. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-601-8.
- Scott, Cyril (1981). "Grainger in Frankfurt". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Simon, Robert (1983). Percy Grainger: The Pictorial Biography. Albany, New York: Whitston. ISBN 0-87875-281-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6oxc5L6zGI4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Percy+Grainger&source=bl&ots=vk-dZC4LLi&sig=CcUCxQ6rZZjZxjnqQiDgQAlUo5c&hl=en&ei=4YWPTd7MN8yxhAeH6N27Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q&f=false.
- Tall, David (1981). "Grainger and Folksong". In Foreman, Lewis (ed.). The Percy Grainger Companion. London: Thames Publishing. ISBN 0-905210-12-3.
- Tan, Eleanor (2006). "Grainger the Composer". In Pear, David (ed.). Facing Percy Grainger. Canberra: National Library of Australia. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-642-27639-0|978-0-642-27639-0]].
- Thwaites, Penelope (ed.) (2010). The New Percy Grainger Companion. Woodbridge, Suffolk: The Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1- 84383-601-8.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Percy Grainger |
- The International Percy Grainger Society
- The Percy Grainger Society
- The Grainger Museum at the University of Melbourne, Australia
- Grainger Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal
- The Free Music Machines of Percy Grainger Rainer Linz
- "Country Gardens": Performance by Grainger on pianola, 1919
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Grainger, Percy |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Australian-born composer |
| Date of birth | 8 July 1882 |
| Place of birth | Brighton, Melbourne |
| Date of death | 20 February 1961 |
| Place of death | White Plains, New York |
http://wn.com/Percy_Grainger
Related pages:
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http://nl.wn.com/Percy Aldridge Grainger
http://pt.wn.com/Percy Grainger
http://de.wn.com/Percy Grainger
http://fr.wn.com/Percy Grainger
http://it.wn.com/Percy Grainger
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Grainger
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Lee DeWyze | |
|---|---|
 DeWyze performing in June 2010. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Leon James DeWyze, Jr. |
| Born | (1986-04-02) April 2, 1986 (age 26) Mount Prospect, Illinois, U.S. |
| Genres | Rock, alternative rock, indie, folk |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, drums, bass |
| Years active | 2003–Present |
| Labels | WuLi (2007-2010) 19 (2010-present) RCA (2010-2011) |
| Associated acts | Louis Svitek, Lee DeWyze Band |
| Website | www.LeeDeWyzeOfficial.com |
Leon James "Lee" DeWyze, Jr.[1] (born April 2, 1986) is an American singer-songwriter from Mount Prospect, Illinois, and the winner of the ninth season of American Idol. Prior to Idol, DeWyze had a solo career and formed the Lee DeWyze Band. He had also released two independent albums called So I'm Told in 2007 and Slumberland in 2010, both on WuLi Records. His post-Idol album Live It Up was released on November 16, 2010, through 19 Entertainment and RCA Records. WuLi Records, citing demand from DeWyze's fan base, plans to release a third album of pre-Idol recordings, What Once Was, on February 14, 2012.
Contents |
Background[link]
DeWyze was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois, the eldest son of Kathleen (née Donahue)[2] and Leon (Lee) DeWyze, Sr., who worked as a postal carrier in Elk Grove Village, Illinois.[3] He has two older sisters, Shannon and Sarah, and a younger brother, Michael. His musical influences include Cat Stevens, Eric Clapton, Ben Harper, and Simon & Garfunkel.
DeWyze attended St. James Catholic Elementary School in Arlington Heights, Illinois, and Prospect High School in Mount Prospect, Illinois, up until his senior year, due to too many unserved detention hours. After leaving Prospect High, he attended Forest View Alternative School in Arlington Heights, having been inspired both by his teachers and his interest in music to return to his studies.[4] While he never graduated from either high school, he eventually got his GED.[3]
[edit] Pre-Idol career
After leaving school, DeWyze worked as a paint salesman. He also worked as a trading floor clerk at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 2007–2008[5] before returning to work at the Mount Prospect paint store until he auditioned for American Idol and making it through to the Hollywood rounds of the show. The store continued to support him during his American Idol run by selling tee shirts encouraging fans to vote for Lee.[6]
DeWyze started singing at an early age and was discovered by Louis Svitek, who saw DeWyze, then 17, playing guitar and singing at a house party in the northwest suburbs of Chicago. Svitek signed DeWyze to WuLi Records, the independent record label he runs with Ryan McGuire in Chicago. Dewyze formed the "Lee DeWyze Band" with Svitek, McGuire and Jeff Henderson. DeWyze recorded two albums, So I'm Told (2007) and Slumberland (2010), both produced by Ryan McGuire.[7] WuLi released a remixed and remastered edition of So I'm Told in 2010.[8] In 2008, as a favor to band member Jeff Henderson, DeWyze and the band recorded a disc for Square One Organic Baby Food Company, a company owned by Henderson's wife. DeWyze recorded six songs on the "Square One Organic" promotional CD,[9] also produced by Ryan McGuire.
As a result of touring in the area and performing at many venues, DeWyze and his band's music were known locally, even getting radio play on WXRT long before he auditioned for American Idol.[3] The Lee DeWyze Band was featured on a local television sports program, The Chicago Huddle, hosted by ABC 7's Ryan Chiaverini, during the 2008 and 2009 seasons.[10][11]
DeWyze also had an acting role in 2006 in a low-budget short horror film Deadscapes: Broken Road.[12] He played one of a trio of survivors in a land overrun with the undead.
[edit] American Idol
DeWyze auditioned in Chicago at the United Center for the ninth season of American Idol on June 22, 2009, after encouragement from his friend Vincent Ferrara who was also trying out for the contest in Chicago. He auditioned with the song "Ain't No Sunshine". He was one of only 13 people from Chicago, the lowest number out of all 7 audition cities, to make it through to Hollywood week. During Hollywood week his group included Aaron Kelly and Crystal Bowersox, all of whom made the Top 5. Crystal Bowersox and DeWyze made it to that top two, in which he won.
His closest friend among the competitors is Andrew Garcia.[13] Garcia was his roommate throughout the season until he was eliminated in the Top 9. Lee stated that he was generally close to all the Top 10 Idols, but he is also especially close to Siobhan Magnus, Katie Stevens, Michael Lynche, Aaron Kelly, and Alex Lambert and Lacey Brown from Top 16. Before every performance, DeWyze would call his family.
DeWyze was one of two contestants in Season 9 to never land in the bottom three, the other being Crystal Bowersox. The judges praised him for shedding his shy persona throughout the season and showing, with confidence, that he was "in it to win it."
On May 14, 2010, DeWyze performed at the Arlington Park Race Track in Arlington Heights, Illinois, with more than 41,000 people attending as part of his American Idol Homecoming day. Along with performing at the race track he had a parade in Mount Prospect, performed at a local AT&T store, and threw out the opening pitch at a Chicago Cubs baseball game.
On May 26, DeWyze was crowned the winner of American Idol Season 9.[14] As a result of winning the season, DeWyze also won a recording contract.
Performances/results[link]
| Episode | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Order # | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | Auditioner's Choice | "Ain't No Sunshine" | Bill Withers | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood | First Solo | "One of Us" | Joan Osborne[15] | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood | Group Performance | "Get Ready" | The Temptations | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood | Second Solo | "You Found Me" | The Fray | N/A | Advanced |
| Top 24 (12 Men) | Billboard Hot 100 Hits | "Chasing Cars" | Snow Patrol | 7 | Safe |
| Top 20 (10 Men) | "Lips of an Angel" | Hinder | 10 | Safe | |
| Top 16 (8 Men) | "Fireflies" | Owl City | 1 | Safe | |
| Top 12 | The Rolling Stones | "Beast of Burden" | The Rolling Stones | 9 | Safe |
| Top 11 | Billboard #1 Hits | "The Letter" | The Box Tops | 1 | Safe |
| Top 10 | R&B/Soul | "Treat Her Like a Lady"1 | Cornelius Brothers & Sister Rose | 8 | Safe |
| Top 9 | Lennon–McCartney | "Hey Jude" | The Beatles | 9 | Safe |
| Top 92 | Elvis Presley | "A Little Less Conversation" | Elvis Presley | 4 | Safe |
| Top 7 | Inspirational Songs | "The Boxer" | Simon & Garfunkel | 2 | Safe |
| Top 6 | Shania Twain | "You're Still the One" | Shania Twain | 1 | Safe |
| Top 5 | Frank Sinatra | "That's Life" | Frank Sinatra | 5 | Safe |
| Top 4 | Songs of the Cinema | Solo "Kiss from a Rose" — Batman Forever | Seal | 1 | Safe |
| Duet"Falling Slowly" — Once with Crystal Bowersox | Glen Hansard & Markéta Irglová | 3 | |||
| Top 3 | Contestant's Choice | "Simple Man" | Lynyrd Skynyrd | 3 | Safe |
| Judges' Choice3 | "Hallelujah" | Leonard Cohen | 6 | ||
| Top 2 | Contestant's Choice | "The Boxer" | Simon & Garfunkel | 1 | Winner |
| Simon Fuller's Choice | "Everybody Hurts" | R.E.M. | 3 | ||
| Coronation song | "Beautiful Day" | U2 | 5 |
- ^Note 1 Song included on American Idol Season 9 compilation album.
- ^Note 2 Due to the judges using their one save to save Michael Lynche, the Top 9 remained intact for another week.
- ^Note 3 Song selected by Simon Cowell.
[edit] Post-Idol career
DeWyze's Idol coronation song, a cover of U2's "Beautiful Day," was released as a digital single on May 27, 2010.[16] DeWyze has said about the song: "I like that song a lot; it's a really good song (...) Is it something that is necessarily in my genre? No. There were songs on the table, and I went with the one I thought would represent the moment the best."[17]
DeWyze signed with Simon Fuller's 19 Entertainment and RCA Records.[18]
DeWyze performed the national anthem at the Staples Center for Game 2 of the 2010 NBA Finals on June 6, 2010.
As a result of winning American Idol he became the headliner of the 2010 American Idols LIVE! tour. The songs he chose to perform for the tour include "Beautiful Day," "Rocket Man," "Treat Her Like a Lady," "Hallelujah," and "Use Somebody."
DeWyze won "Choice TV: Male Reality/Variety Star" at the Teen Choice Awards on August 8, 2010.[19]
DeWyze returned to Arlington Park Race Track in Arlington Heights, Illinois, for a post-Idol homecoming concert on September 24, 2010, where he performed for more than 20,000 people. His 12-song set of cover songs and pre-Idol originals also included a new song, “Only Dreaming”.[20] On January 23, 2011, DeWyze performed at halftime during the NFC Championship Game between the Chicago Bears and Green Bay Packers at Soldier Field in Chicago.
[edit] Live It Up (2010–present)
In July 2010, DeWyze described his upcoming album:
"It’s gonna be like a whole rock/pop sort of deal. It’s gonna be very chill rock, a little harder stuff. It’s gonna be my vibe — stuff I would have done from day one and what I’ve always done."[21]
On October 7, 2010, DeWyze announced that his debut album, scheduled for a November 16, 2010 release,[22] would be called Live It Up and the first single, also called "Live It Up," would debut October 13 on On Air with Ryan Seacrest.[23]
October 12, 2010, DeWyze announced that his single "Live It Up" would be held off for release. Instead a new single titled "Sweet Serendipity" aired in its place on October 13, 2010. The album Live It Up was released on November 16, 2010. DeWyze performed the second single, "Beautiful Like You", on the American Idol Season 10 Top 12 Results show on March 17, 2011.[24]
DeWyze's first headlining tour kicked off on June 19, 2011, in Columbus, Ohio, and continued through July 22.[25] Singer-songwriter Corey Crowder opened for the first eleven shows.[26]
- June 19: The Basement, Columbus, Ohio
- June 20: Old Rock House, St. Louis, Missouri
- June 22: Varsity, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- June 23: Union Terrace, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- June 24: Turner Hall Ballroom, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- June 25: Davis Park, Rockford, Illinois
- June 27: Musica, Akron, Ohio
- June 28: Altar Bar, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- June 29: Gramercy Theatre, New York, New York
- June 30: Alive at Five, Stamford, Connecticut
- July 1: Brighton Music Hall, Boston, Massachusetts
- July 7: Six Flags Fiesta Texas, San Antonio, Texas
- July 8: Brewster Street Ice House, Corpus Christi, Texas
- July 9: Six Flags Over Texas, Arlington, Texas
- July 10: Antone's, Austin, Texas
- July 11: House of Blues – Bronze Peacock Room, Houston, Texas
- July 20: Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois
- July 21: Simons Estes Amphitheatre, Des Moines, Iowa
- July 22: Campus Martius Park, Detroit, Michigan
Setlist [27] (some variation between shows):
|
|
On October 6, 2011, RCA Records CEO Peter Edge confirmed that the 25-year-old DeWyze was no longer on the label. DeWyze was the last of a nine-year partnership between Idol, 19 Recordings and Sony Music, which had an exclusive license on the show’s music releases. DeWyze’s option officially expired in September.[29]
WuLi Records, citing demand from DeWyze's fan base, has released a third album of pre-Idol recordings, What Once Was, on February 14, 2012. The album has a total of nine tracks.
International Concerts (2011–present)[link]
Lee DeWyze made his début on the international tour scene when he came to South East Asia and China to do his first international concerts, from May 7 to May 17, 2011. He made his first concert stop in Manila, Philippines, doing two straight night concerts. He then travelled for a short stop over to Taiwan, and then went on to Hong Kong for another stop over. He then continued his scheduled concert tours by going to Jakarta, Indonesia, and then to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, for a second two-night concert. Before returning to the United States, he stopped over Bali in Indonesia for a brief tour vacation.
Personal life[link]
DeWyze said in an interview that he owns an English bulldog named Capone, is afraid of heights, and loves playing Scrabble and Poker. He plays guitar, piano and the drums.[30]
DeWyze has some of the lyrics to "Miles From Nowhere", words from a classic Cat Stevens song that say, "Lord, my body has been a good friend but I won't need it when I reach the end" tattooed on his arm.[31][32] He has three other tattoos, including a silhouette of the Chicago flag and tree of life on his right arm and a Shel Silverstein illustration on his left arm.[30][33]
On July 27, 2011, DeWyze announced his engagement to model and actress Jonna Walsh. The couple plan to wed in the fall of 2012.[34]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Album details | Peak | Certifications (sales threshold) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US Digital |
US Heat[35] |
US Indie |
CAN[36] | UK | ||||
| 2007 | So I'm Told[37] | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2010 | Slumberland[39]
|
— | — | 7 | 39 | — | — |
|
|
| Live It Up | 19 | 10 | — | — | 79 | 122 |
|
||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||||||
Digital albums[link]
| Year | Album | Peak | Sales | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Heat |
US Indie |
|||
| 2010 | Season 9 Favorite Performances | 9[43] | 40 |
|
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak | Album | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US[43] | US Adult Pop[45] |
CAN | |||||||
| 2010 | "Beautiful Day" | 24 | — | 13 | non-album single | ||||
| "Sweet Serendipity" | 110 | 23 | 96 | Live It Up | |||||
| 2011 | "Beautiful Like You" | — | — | — | |||||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||||||
Digital singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US[43] | CAN | |||
| 2010 | "Hallelujah" | 44 | 57 | Season 9 Favorite Performances |
| "Falling Slowly" (with Crystal Bowersox) | 66 | 70 | non-album single | |
| "The Boxer" | 88 | 72 | Season 9 Favorite Performances | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||
Collaborations[link]
- 2008: Square One Organic Baby Food Company promotional CD (6 of the songs are sung by Lee DeWyze).
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Presenter | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 2010 Teen Choice Awards | Male Reality/Variety Star | Won |
References[link]
- ^ http://www.lee-dewyze.net/lee/facts/
- ^ "Las Vegas odds say Lee DeWyze will win 'American Idol'". Irish Central. May 21, 2010. http://www.irishcentral.com/story/ent/amyandrews_gossipgirl/las-vegas-odds-say-lee-dewyze-will-win-american-idol-94635424.html.
- ^ a b c Ahern, Sheila (May 13, 2010). "Lee DeWyze: From Mount Prospect to Hollywood and home again". Daily Herald. http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=380561. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ Cantiello, Jim (March 12, 2010). "Lee Dewyze Profile: What Are The Rocker's 'Idol' Chances?". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1633791/20100312/story.jhtml.
- ^ American Idol's Career Secret
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (May 18, 2010). "Lee DeWyze Worked At Paint Store Right Up Until 'American Idol'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1639488/20100518/story.jhtml.
- ^ Interview with Ryan McGuire, co-founder of Wu-Li Records
- ^ "Studiophile: December 2010". Illinois Entertainer. December 1, 2010. http://illinoisentertainer.com/2010/12/studiophile-december-2010/.
- ^ Hoffman, Liz (April 7, 2010). "'American Idol' contestant DeWyze is voice behind River Forest baby food company". Chicago Parent. http://www.chicagoparent.com/magazines/web-only/april-2010/'american-idol'-contestant-lee-dewyze-is-voice-behind-river-forest-baby-food-company.
- ^ "The Chicago Huddle Kicks Off Second Season". ABC 7 Chicago. September 2, 2008. http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=resources/inside_station&id=6365741. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
- ^ "American Idol winner has ABC 7 connection". ABC 7 Chicago. May 27, 2010. http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/entertainment&id=7465107. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
- ^ Deadscapes: Broken Road
- ^ Finalist Diaries: Top 4: Lee DeWyze American Idol May 12, 2010
- ^ Melisurgo, Len (May 26, 2010). "Lee DeWyze is named 'American Idol' 2010 winner". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/entertainment/tv/index.ssf/2010/05/lee_dewyze_is_named_american_i.html.
- ^ "American Idol Performances". Lee DeWyze Fans (fanstar.net). http://www.lee-dewyze.net/lee.php?idol.
- ^ "Beautiful Day – Single by Lee DeWyze – Download Beautiful Day – Single on iTunes". Itunes.apple.com. 1986-04-02. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/beautiful-day/id374979923?i=374979927&v0=WWW-NAUS-ITUHOME-TOPMUSIC&ign-mpt=uo%3D2. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ Lopez, Korina (May 29, 2010). "'Idol' winner Lee DeWyze: 'I'm free to do what I want now'". Usatoday.Com. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2010-05-28-idol-dewyze_N.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-30.
- ^ ‘American Idol’ Finalists Sign Record Deals May 28, 2010
- ^ Seidman, Robert (August 8, 2010). "Winners of ‘Teen Choice 2010‘ Awards Announced; Teens Cast More Than 85 Million Votes". http://tvbythenumbers.com/2010/08/08/winners-of-teen-choice-2010-awards-announced-teens-cast-more-than-85-million-votes/59453.
- ^ Placek, Christopher (September 25, 2010). "Lee remains down-to-earth with fans at home". Daily Herald. http://www.dailyherald.com/story/?id=410748. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
- ^ "Neon Limelight Interview: American Idol Champ Lee Dewyze Dishes On "Very Chill" Debut Album". Neon Limelight. July 29, 2010. http://neonlimelight.com/2010/07/29/neon-limelight-interview-american-idol-champ-lee-dewyze-dishes-on-very-chill-debut-album/.
- ^ Concepcion, Marial (August 19, 2010). "'Idol' Lee DeWyze's Debut Gets Nov. 16 Release Date". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/idol-lee-dewyze-s-debut-gets-nov-16-release-1004110302.story#/news/idol-lee-dewyze-s-debut-gets-nov-16-release-1004110302.story. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ "Lee DeWyze, "Live It Up."". AmericanIdol.com. October 7, 2010. http://www.americanidol.com/news/view/pid/3819/.
- ^ Parker, Lyndsey (March 15, 2011). "Exclusive: Lee DeWyze's Next Single Will Be "Beautiful Like You"". Yahoo Music Reality Rocks. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/realityrocks/422417/exclusive-lee-dewyzes-next-single-will-be-beautiful-like-you/.
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (April 27, 2011). "Lee DeWyze announces headlining tour". USA Today Idol Chatter. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2011/04/lee-dewyze-announces-headlining-tour/1?loc=interstitialskip.
- ^ "Corey Crowder Tours with American Idol Winner – Lee DeWyze". Highwire Daze. June 9, 2011. http://highwiredaze.com/coreynews1.
- ^ Bream, Jon (June 23, 2011). "Lee DeWyze's Varsity set mixed his oldies with new album". StarTribune. http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/blogs/124408614.html.
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (June 24, 2011). "Four for Friday: Idols get management deals and more". USA Today Idol Chatter. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2011/06/five-for-friday/1.
- ^ Halpren, Shirley (October 6, 2011). "Lee DeWyze Dropped By RCA Records". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/idol-worship/lee-dewyze-dropped-by-rca-244580.
- ^ a b "American Idol: Lee DeWyze and Crystal Bowersox duet on 'Take Me Out to the Ball Game'". Lee DeWyze blog (American Idol). May 23, 2010. http://lee-dewyze.blogspot.com/search?updated-max=2010-05-24T06%3A39%3A00-07%3A00&max-results=7.
- ^ Johnson, Steve (May 11, 2010). "Lee DeWyze: The reluctant 'Idol'". Chicago Tribune. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2010-05-11/entertainment/ct-live-0512-lee-dewyze-20100512_1_american-idol-simon-cowell-cheesy.
- ^ "Lee DeWyze Biography". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lee-dewyze/bio/303314. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
- ^ "Lee DeWyze, Siobhan Magnus New Tattoos, S9 Idols at the Shrek Screening in Los Angeles". idoltv.com. April 25, 2010. http://www.idolstartv.com/featured-articles/15866-lee-dewyze-siobhn-magnus-new-tattoos-s9-idols-at-the-shrek-screening-in-los-angeles.html?fontstyle=f-smaller.
- ^ Benet, Lorenzo (July 27, 2011). "Lee DeWyze Is Engaged!". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20513412,00.html. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ "Slumberland – Lee DeWyze". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/#/album/lee-dewyze/slumberland/1335258. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html
- ^ DeWyze, Lee. "So I'm Told". CD Baby. http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/leedewyze.
- ^ http://www.lee-dewyze.net/lee/discography/so-im-told/
- ^ DeWyze, Lee. "Slumberland". WuLi Publishing (CD Baby). http://www.cdbaby.com/cd/leedewyze2.
- ^ http://www.lee-dewyze.net/lee/discography/slumberland/
- ^ Idol Chatter 11-24-2010
- ^ "‘American Idol’ Finalists: From Sanjaya to Taylor Hicks, Where Are They Now?". The Daily Beast. 2012-05-21. http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/05/21/american-idol-finalists-from-sanjaya-to-taylor-hicks-where-are-they-now-photos.html#slide77. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ a b c Trust, Gary (June 3, 2010). "Chart Beat Thursday: Lee & Crystal Rock On". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/chart-beat-thursday-lee-crystal-rock-on-1004095435.story. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
- ^ "Country Idols see sales spike following CMA Music Festival", USA Today, June 16, 2010, http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2010/06/country-idols-see-sales-spike-following-cma-music-festival/1
- ^ "Sweet Serendipity – Lee DeWyze". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/song/lee-dewyze/sweet-serendipity/23031249. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
External links[link]
- Lee DeWyze Official Site at Sony Music
- Lee DeWyze at American Idol
- Lee DeWyze at Billboard.com
- Lee DeWyze site at WuLi Records
- Lee DeWyze at the Internet Movie Database
| Preceded by Kris Allen |
American Idol winner 2010 |
Succeeded by Scotty McCreery |
|
||||||||
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | DeWyze, Lee |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | April 2, 1986 |
| Place of birth | Mount Prospect, Illinois |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lee_DeWyze
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://pt.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://de.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://it.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://pl.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://id.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
http://es.wn.com/Lee DeWyze
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_DeWyze
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Rachelle Ferrell | |
|---|---|
 Ferrell in a performance on June 6, 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1961-01-01) 1 January 1961 (age 51) Berwyn, Pennsylvania United States |
| Genres | Jazz fusion, R&B, pop, Pop rock, classical |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 1974 - current |
| Labels | Blue Note, Capitol |
| Website | Rachelle Ferrell.com |
Rachelle Ferrell (b. January 1, 1961, Berwyn, Pennsylvania) is an American vocalist and musician.[1] Although she has had some success in the mainstream R&B, pop, gospel, and classical music scene, she is noted for her talents as a contemporary jazz singer.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Rachelle Ferrell began singing at age six, and developed a six octave range by adulthood.[2] Her range also includes the ability to sing in the whistle register.[3] Ferrell describes her highest notes in "It only took a minute" as "Minnie Ripperton-like wailing". She received classical training in violin and the piano at an early age and was performing professionally on both instruments and as a vocalist as a teenager. After enrolling in the Berklee College of Music, and graduating a year later, having learned arrangement and developing her abilities in singing and songwriting, she secured a position teaching music for the New Jersey State Council on the Arts alongside Dizzy Gillespie.[1]
From 1975-90, Ferrell sang backup for Lou Rawls, Patti LaBelle, Vanessa Williams, and George Duke. Ferrell's debut, First Instrument, was released in 1990 in Japan, five years prior to its US release. Recorded with bassist Tyrone Brown, pianist Eddie Green and drummer Doug Nally, several famed jazz accompanists also recorded on her album. They include trumpeter Terence Blanchard, pianists Gil Goldstein and Michel Petrucciani, bassists Kenny Davis and Stanley Clarke, tenor saxophonist Wayne Shorter and keyboardist Pete Levin. Her take on standards like Sam Cooke's "You Send Me", Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?", and Rodgers & Hart's "My Funny Valentine", gained her a substantial Japanese jazz audience.[4]
Discography[link]
| Year | Title | Genre | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Live at Montreux 91-97 [Live] | Jazz | Blue Note |
| 2000 | Individuality (Can I Be Me?) | R&B, Gospel, and Jazz | Capitol |
| 1994 | Nothing Has Ever Felt Like This, w/Will Downing | R&B, Pop | Capitol |
| 1993 | Welcome to My Love | R&B, Pop | Capitol |
| 1992 | Rachelle Ferrell | Jazz/Contemporary | Capitol/EMI |
| 1992 | Til You Come Back to Me | Jazz/Contemporary | Capitol |
| 1990 | Somethin' Else | Jazz/Contemporary | Blue Note |
| 1990 | First Instrument | Jazz/Contemporary | EMI (Japan) Blue Note (1995) |
Footnotes[link]
- ^ a b Skelly, Richard (2012). "Rachelle Ferrell : Biography". Microsoft. http://music.msn.com/music/artist-biography/rachelle-ferrell/. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ^ "Rachelle Ferrell on MSN Music". http://music.msn.com/artist/?artist=16077836&.
- ^ Himes, Geoffrey. "Rachelle Ferrell". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Rachelle-Ferrell/dp/B000002UW7.
- ^ Rachelle Ferrell at Blues Alley Jazz Supper Club
External links[link]
- Rachelle Ferrell Official Website
- enotes.com: Ferrell, Rachelle Biography: Contemporary Musician
- Rachelle Ferrell at Allmusic
- Rachelle Ferrell at Wenig-LaMonica Associates
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ferrell, Rachelle |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1961 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rachelle_Ferrell
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Rachelle Ferrell
http://de.wn.com/Rachelle Ferrell
http://it.wn.com/Rachelle Ferrell
http://es.wn.com/Rachell Ferrell
http://pt.wn.com/Rachelle Ferrell
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachelle_Ferrell
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the singer and actress. For her self-titled album, see Jennifer Hudson (album).
| Jennifer Hudson | |
|---|---|
 Hudson at the 83rd Academy Awards in 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Jennifer Kate Hudson |
| Born | (1981-09-12) September 12, 1981 (age 30) Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Genres | R&B, soul |
| Occupations | Singer, actress, spokesperson |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 2004–present |
| Labels | RCA Records (2011–present)[1] Arista |
| Associated acts | Ne-Yo |
| Website | www.jenniferhudson.com |
| Film Awards | |
|---|---|
| Academy Awards | |
| 2006 | Best Supporting Actress |
| British Academy Film Awards | |
| 2006 | Best Actress in a Supporting Role |
| Golden Globe Awards | |
| 2006 | Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture |
| Screen Actors Guild Awards | |
| 2006 | Outstanding Female Actor in Supporting Role |
Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981) is an American recording artist, actress and spokesperson.[2] She came to prominence in 2004 as one of the finalists on the third season of American Idol, coming in seventh place. She made her film debut in the 2006 film Dreamgirls, which won her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, an NAACP Image Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
She won a Grammy Award for her eponymous debut album, Jennifer Hudson, which was released in 2008 on Arista Records and was certified gold by the RIAA for selling over 800,000 copies in the US; sales exceeded 1 million copies worldwide. Additionally, it spawned the hit single Spotlight. Her second album, I Remember Me, was released in March 2011, and reached number two on the Billboard 200, selling 165,000 copies in its first week of release.[3] The album was certified gold by the RIAA, for shipping over 500,000 copies in the US.[4]
In late 2008, after Hudson's mother, brother and nephew were killed in a shooting, Hudson stepped out of the limelight for three months. Hudson resumed her public appearances in 2009, and has since performed at the Super Bowl XLIII, the Grammy Awards, American Idol, and The Oprah Winfrey Show.[5] Hudson has been described as a friend of President Barack Obama, who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills in May 2009.[6] She also performed at the White House at the "Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement" event.[7] Her vocal range is mezzo-soprano.[8] Hudson has sold 1,280,000 albums and 2,237,000 tracks in the United States as of February 2012.[9]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Jennifer Hudson was born on September 12, 1981, in Chicago, Illinois.[10] She is the third and youngest child of Darnell Donnerson (November 7, 1950 – October 24, 2008)[11] and Samuel Simpson[12] (died 1999).[13] She was raised as a Baptist[14] in Englewood[15] and attended Dunbar Vocational High School, from which she graduated in 1999.[16] She cites Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, and Patti LaBelle as her overall biggest influences and inspiration.[17] At the age of 7, she got her start in performing by singing with the church choir and doing community theater with the help of her late maternal grandmother, Julia.[18] She enrolled at Langston University but she left after a semester due to homesickness and unhappiness with the weather, and signed up at Kennedy–King College.[19]
In January 2002, Hudson signed her first recording contract with Righteous Records, a Chicago-based independent record label. The company's president, David Johnson, and his staff put Jennifer through a full year of artist development, working five days a week on live performance, stage presence, songwriting, on-camera interviewing, charm school etiquette and physical fitness. She was released from her five-year contract with Righteous Records so that she could appear on American Idol in 2004, but Jennifer credits David Johnson with teaching her "so much" and preparing her for the successful career she is enjoying today.
[edit] American Idol (2004)
Hudson auditioned for the third season of American Idol, in Atlanta, commenting that she had been singing on Disney Cruise Lines (aboard the Disney Wonder) for the past few months (as one of the Muses from Hercules); and contestant judge Randy Jackson said, "We're expecting more than a cruise ship performance from you."[citation needed] Hudson received the highest number of votes in the "Top 9" after her performance of Elton John's "Circle of Life" on April 6, 2004, but two weeks later was eliminated during the "Top 7" show after performing Barry Manilow's, "Weekend in New England." The bottom three consisting of three African-American females led to controversy.[20][21] In May 2009, MTV listed Hudson as the sixth greatest American Idol and noted her exit was the most shocking of all time.[22] In May 2010, the Los Angeles Times claimed Hudson to be the third greatest Idol contestant in the history of the show, placing behind season one winner Kelly Clarkson and season four winner Carrie Underwood.[23]
Performances
| Theme week | Song sung | Artist | Date sung | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | Share Your Love With Me | Aretha Franklin | – | Advanced |
| Hollywood | [N/A] | [N/A] | – | Advanced |
| Semifinals | Imagine | John Lennon | February 10, 2004 | Eliminated |
| Wild Card | I Believe in You and Me | Four Tops Whitney Houston |
March 9, 2004 | Selected |
| Top 12 Soul Music Week |
Baby, I Love You | Aretha Franklin | March 16, 2004 | Bottom 2 |
| Top 11 Country Week |
No One Else on Earth | Wynonna Judd | March 23, 2004 | Safe |
| Top 10 Motown Week |
(Love Is Like A) Heat Wave | Martha and the Vandellas | March 30, 2004 | Bottom 2 |
| Top 9 Songs of Elton John |
Circle of Life | Elton John | April 6, 2004 | Safe Highest Number of Votes |
| Top 8 Songs of the Cinema |
I Have Nothing from The Bodyguard | Whitney Houston | April 14, 2004 | Safe |
| Top 7 Songs of Barry Manilow |
Weekend in New England | Barry Manilow | April 20, 2004 | Eliminated |
[edit] Dreamgirls (2006-2007)
In September 2006, Hudson performed the song, "Over It," live on Fox Chicago Morning News. In the interview she stated the song would be included on her debut album, to be released in early 2007, however this was before she was signed to a record label.[24] In November 2006, Hudson signed a record deal with Arista Records.[25] On The Oprah Winfrey Show, Hudson announced plans to enter the studio in March 2007.[citation needed] Hudson said on The Tyra Banks Show, on February 23, 2007, that she just finished the first song for the album.[citation needed] Hudson also recorded a song called, "Stand Up", which was available for preview on her fan website which was produced by Chicago natives Earl Powell and Herman Little III, who arranged the song.[citation needed] The power-ballad would later become available on the deluxe edition of Hudson's self-titled album as a bonus track.
In November 2005, Hudson was cast in the role of Effie White for the film adaptation of the musical Dreamgirls, which also starred Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé Knowles and Eddie Murphy. The role, originally created in a Broadway performance by Jennifer Holliday,[citation needed] marked Hudson's debut screen performance. She won the role over hundreds of professional singers and actresses, including Raven-Symoné and Fantasia Barrino.[26] Filming of Dreamgirls began on January 9, 2006, and the film went into limited release on December 25, 2006, and national release on January 12, 2007. Hudson has won particular praise for her show-stopping onscreen rendition of the hit song, "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going", the signature song of the role, which had earlier been recorded, and had already reached the status of musical standard, because of the definitive performance of Jennifer Holliday. The New York Observer described Hudson's performance of the song as "five mellifluous, molto vibrato minutes that have suddenly catapulted Ms. Hudson... into the position of front-runner for the best supporting actress Oscar".[27] Newsweek said that when moviegoers hear Hudson sing the song, she, "is going to raise goose bumps across the land."[28] Variety magazine wrote that Hudson's performance "calls to mind debuts like Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl or Bette Midler in The Rose, with a voice like the young Aretha".[29] Hudson's version of "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going" debuted at number 98 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the January 13, 2007, issue.[citation needed] The Dreamgirls track became Hudson's first top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot Adult R&B Airplay chart on February 24, 2007.[citation needed] "Love You I Do" was nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Original Song and won the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.
As Effie White, Hudson has garnered 29 awards from film critics as Best Supporting Actress and Breakthrough Performer of 2006. She won the Golden Globe Award as Best Actress in a Supporting Role. In addition, she has been named Best Supporting Actress by the Broadcast Film Critics Association and also by the Screen Actors Guild. After seeing Hudson's performance in Dreamgirls, Simon Cowell taped a congratulatory message to her, which aired on The Oprah Winfrey Show.[30] With the March 2007 issue, Jennifer Hudson became the third African-American celebrity, and the first African-American singer, to grace the cover of Vogue magazine.[31] On 11 February 2007 the 60th British Academy Film Awards were held in London, but Hudson was not there to accept her award for BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress. The BAFTA Award went missing and Hudson did not receive her award until April 22, 2011, when it was presented to on the Graham Norton Show. On February 25, 2007, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film. During her acceptance speech, Hudson said: "Oh, my God, I have to just take this moment in. I cannot believe this. Look what God can do. I didn't think I was going to win. [...] If my grandmother was here to see me now. She was my biggest inspiration." She also concluded her speech by thanking Jennifer Holliday.[32] Later in 2007, the Mayor of her home town Chicago, Richard M. Daley, declared March 6 as "Jennifer Hudson Day".[33][34] She was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on June 18, along with 115 other individuals for 2007.[35][36] Entertainment Weekly put her performance on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Sure, Beyoncé's performance was great. And Eddie Murphy's was impressive. But there was really only one reason we all rushed to see 2006's Dreamgirls: Jennifer Hudson's soul-to-the-rafters rendition of the classic 'And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going'. When she sang 'You're gonna love me,' it wasn't just a lyric — it was a fact."[37]
[edit] Winnie (2008)
In May 2008, Hudson appeared in the feature film Sex and the City as Louise, Carrie Bradshaw's assistant. Filming finished in December 2007 and the movie was released on May 30, 2008.[38] In October 2008, Hudson had her third film appearance in The Secret Life of Bees as Rosaleen, the mother figure of Lily Owens (Dakota Fanning). Also starring in the film are fellow Oscar nominees Queen Latifah and Sophie Okonedo, as well as Alicia Keys. The film opened on October 17, 2008, and grossed over $37 million at the box office. The film won two People's Choice Awards in January 2009 in the categories, Favorite Drama Movie and Favorite Independent Movie.[citation needed] The film also received nine Black Reel Awards nominations including three wins.[citation needed] Hudson was nominated for her performance in the film, but lost to Queen Latifah.[citation needed] The film also received eight nominations at the 2009 NAACP Image Awards, including a nomination for Hudson for her performance.[citation needed] In 2009, Hudson starred as Kathy Archenault in Fragments, a film based on the novel by Roy Freirich, with Dakota Fanning and Forest Whitaker. The name of the film was changed from "Winged Creatures" to "Fragments".[citation needed] It was released on DVD on August 4, 2009. In 2010, Hudson started filming an upcoming biopic film Winnie[39] based on the South African politician Winnie Mandela[39] starring alongside Terrence Howard and directed by Darrell J. Roodt.[40] Andre Pieterse and Roodt and Paul L. Johnson based the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life.[41] The Creative Workers Union of South Africa have opposed this choice, stating they will push for a moratorium on the film if the casting is not reversed.[42] Winnie Mandela has threatened legal action over this film, claiming she was not "consulted" about the film.[43] Winnie was scheduled to be released in December 2011; the trailer was released in 2010.[40]
In January 2008 Hudson returned to the studio to record new material for her debut album.[citation needed] Her label was reportedly unhappy with the direction they were sending Hudson musically and decided it would be best to scrap the older songs and instead focus on new ones.[citation needed] Hudson worked with Ryan Tedder and Timbaland on a number of songs. Her debut single, "Spotlight" was released on June 10, 2008 and became Hudson's first top 40 hit peaking at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top 20 hit in the United Kingdom and Turkey. Her debut album, Jennifer Hudson was released on September 30, 2008 on Arista and was written by Ne-Yo, who co-produced along with Stargate. Additional contributors on the album include Timbaland, Missy Elliott, Robin Thicke, Harvey Mason, Jr., Diane Warren, Earl Powell, and Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, among others.[44] The album debuted at number two on the Billboard' 200 with 217,000 copies in the US and opened to positive reviews. As of August 2009, the album has sold 739,000 copies in the US, receiving a Gold certification for surpassing sales of 500,000. She has performed the song, "All Dressed in Love" for the Sex and the City soundtrack, which was released on May 27, 2008.[45] Hudson performed the national anthem at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. The album's second single was to be released in October 2008, and was originally set to be "My Heart" before "If This Isn't Love" was chosen as the official second single.[citation needed] After three of her family members were brutally murdered, the single was rescheduled for a January 2009 release.[citation needed] However, in January 2009, her label decided to postpone the release of the second single once more until, choosing a February 2009 release date.[citation needed] After the release of "If This Isn't Love", the single eventually peaked at number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 37 on the UK Singles Chart. The third single was announced as "Pocketbook" featuring Ludacris in April 2009, for a June 2009 release, despite speculation that the third single would be "My Heart" after it was canceled as the second single.[citation needed] In May 2009, "Pocketbook" was canceled as the third single due to negative reception from fans and critics alike.[citation needed] The third single was then rescheduled as "Giving Myself" and was released on June 2, 2009 to the US. Her debut album garnered Hudson three nominations at the 2009 Grammy Awards; Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Spotlight", Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for "I'm His Only Woman" with Fantasia Barrino, and Best R&B Album for Jennifer Hudson. She won the last of these and performed at the awards ceremony.[46]
Family murders[link]
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In October 2008, Hudson's 57-year-old mother, Darnell Donnerson, and 29-year-old brother, Jason, were found shot to death inside the Chicago home Donnerson shared with Hudson's elder sister, Julia.[47] An AMBER Alert was issued for 7-year-old nephew, Julian King, when Julia reported him missing.[48][49] Chicago police arrested William Balfour, 27, the estranged husband of Hudson's sister Julia the same day, but he was not charged with a crime.[50] Balfour was on parole after spending nearly seven years in prison for attempted murder, vehicular hijacking and possession of a stolen vehicle. The Illinois Department of Corrections' records revealed one of Balfour's addresses to be the home where Donnerson and Jason were murdered.[51]
Three days later the Federal Bureau of Investigation confirmed the body found in Chicago's West Side area in a vehicle that matched the license plate and the vehicle's description given in the AMBER Alert was Julian King.[52][53][54] Autopsy reports indicated that the death was due to "multiple gunshot wounds".[55] A gun, belonging to Jason and missing for several months, was found in a West Side vacant lot and confirmed to be the murder weapon by Chicago police Superintendent Jody Weis on October 31, 2008. Funeral services for the three victims were held on November 3, followed by a private service at Chicago's South Side Apostolic Church of God on November 10. Hudson's family announced creation of The Hudson-King Foundation for Families of Slain Victims, in honor of the three victims.[56]
Because he had not yet been officially charged with the murders, Balfour appeared without an attorney at a parole violation hearing November 10 where it was decided he violated parole and should be held in custody until a December 3 hearing before the full Illinois Prisoner Review Board.[57][58][59][60][61][62] Balfour became the prime suspect on December 1 and was transferred to police custody. Balfour was officially charged with three counts of first degree murder, one count of home invasion and was denied bail.[63] He was indicted for the murders on December 30, 2008, and pleaded not guilty in January 2009.[64][65] In May the jury began deliberations and the judge sequestered the jury after five hours.[66] On May 11, 2012, Balfour was convicted on all seven counts against him, which include three counts of first-degree murder, one count of home invasion, one count aggravated kidnapping, one count residential burglary, and one count possession of a stolen motor vehicle.[67]
[edit] Jennifer Hudson (2009)
In February 2009, Hudson made her first public appearance since the murders when she sang the Star-Spangled Banner at Super Bowl XLIII.[68][69][70] She toured the United States with Robin Thicke in 2009.[71] In early May 2009, Hudson suffered "throat fatigue" and had to reschedule her May 16–19, 2009, tour dates.[72] She sang "Will You Be There" at the Michael Jackson memorial service in July 2009.[73] Hudson recorded "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)," originally by Gladys Knight & the Pips, for American Idol Season 3: Greatest Soul Classics — the official American Idol album for the third season. She is featured in a duet, "The Future Ain't What It Used to Be," on Meat Loaf's Bat out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose. She also performed the song "Easy to be Hard" on the Actors' Fund benefit recording of the musical Hair;[citation needed] and she is featured on Ne-Yo's second album, Because of You, on the track, "Leaving Tonight". Hudson sang "Dancing a Catchy Rhythm" with Brooke White.[citation needed] Hudson performed a Christmas special on ABC in December 2009 called Jennifer Hudson: I'll Be Home for Christmas. During the special, she relived her childhood Christmases with musical performances filmed at her favorite locations in her native Chicago. Hudson also visited family members, friends and other childhood influences during the broadcast.[74] On January 22, 2010, Hudson appeared on the telethon "Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief", performing the Beatles' "Let it Be". The telecast generated $61 million in donations as of January 26, 2010.[75] Also, that year, Hudson recorded the song "One Shining Moment" for the 2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.
In 2010 Hudson became the spokesperson for Weight Watchers.[2][76] She has lost 56 pounds (25 kg) in the last year and "does not want to lose any more weight."[77] However, on February 10, 2011, she appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and revealed she has now lost a total of 80 pounds.[78] Her 2012 autobiography, I Got This: How I Changed My Ways and Lost What Weighed Me Down, detailed her weight loss.[79][80][81]
[edit] I Remember Me (2011-present)
Early in the album I Remember Me's development, Ne-Yo told E! Online that Hudson was ready to get personal on her second studio album and that he might be producing the album. He said "She's gone through a lot over the last year, so she has a lot to talk about," he continues. "She's definitely gotten stronger. The things that she's gone through and for her to still be upbeat and happy, it's amazing."[82] Hudson released her second studio album I Remember Me on March 22, 2011. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 selling 165,000 copies in its first week of release.[83] On January 24, 2011 Hudson premiered the album's lead single "Where You At".[84] It was written by R.Kelly and produced by Harvey Mason, Jr.[85] The song went for radio adds that same week.[86] On February 3, 2011 due to radio adds the single made its debut on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 53,[87][clarification needed] having so far reached a peak of number 10.[88] The music video premiered on BET's 106 & Park and through Vevo in February 2011.[89][90] "No One Gonna Love You" impacted on Urban adult contemporary radio in the United States in May 2011. A remix bundle titled "No One Gonna Love You-The Remixes" was released as a digital download in the US and the UK in July 2011.[91][92][93] The song has reached number 23 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.[94] The third U.S. single will be "I Got This".[95] The non-single track "Don't Look Down" reached number 70 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[96]
Hudson played a nun in the Farrelly brothers 2012 film The Three Stooges.[97]
The day after the death of Whitney Houston, Hudson paid tribute to her by singing Houston's iconic "I Will Always Love You" during the 54th Grammy Awards held February 12, 2012 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles.[98]
Personal life[link]
Hudson began dating James Payton in 1999, when she was 18.[99] They separated in late 2007. Hudson met David Otunga, a professional wrestler in the WWE and a Harvard Law graduate,[100][101][102] and the couple became engaged in September 2008.[103] In August 2009, Hudson gave birth to her first child, a boy named David Daniel Otunga Jr.[104]
Discography[link]
Main article: Jennifer Hudson discography
- Jennifer Hudson (2008)
- I Remember Me (2011)
Filmography[link]
Hudson has appeared in the following film releases:[105]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Dreamgirls | Effie White |
|
| 2008 | Sex and the City | Louise | |
| 2008 | Secret Life of Bees, TheThe Secret Life of Bees | Rosaleen Daise |
|
| 2009 | Fragments | Kathy Archenault | |
| 2011 | Winnie | Winnie Mandela | |
| 2012 | The Three Stooges | Sister Rosemary |
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Category | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | ShoWest | Female Star of Tomorrow | Dreamgirls | Won |
| Satellite Awards | Best Actress in a Supporting Role | Won | ||
| National Board of Review of Motion Pictures | Best Female Breakthrough Performance | Won | ||
| Los Angeles Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | ||
| New York Film Critics Circle | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| New York Film Critics Online | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Breakthrough Performer | Won | |||
| Hollywood Life Awards | Breakthrough of the Year | Won | ||
| Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Washington, DC Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Best Breakthrough Performance | Won | |||
| African-American Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Palm Springs International Film Festival | Breakthrough Performance | Won | ||
| Las Vegas Film Critics Association | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Florida Film Critics Circle Awards | Pauline Kael Breakout | Won | ||
| Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Award | Breakout Performance | Won | ||
| 2007 | The National Society of Film Critics | Best Supporting Actress | Nominated | |
| St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Austin Film Critics Association | Breakout Artist | Won | ||
| Broadcast Film Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Golden Globe Awards | Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture | Won | ||
| Screen Actors Guild | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Best Ensemble in a Motion Picture | Nominated | |||
| NAACP Image Awards | Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture | Won | ||
| British Academy Film Awards | Actress in a Supporting Role | Won | ||
| Central Ohio Film Critics Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Black Reel Awards | Best Supporting Actress | Won | ||
| Best Breakthrough Performance | Won | |||
| Academy Awards | Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role | Won | ||
| Soul Train Awards | Sammy Davis Jr. Award for Entertainer of the Year | Won | ||
| MTV Movie Awards | Best Performance | Nominated | ||
| BET Awards | Best Female R&B Artist | Nominated | ||
| Best Actress | Dreamgirls | Won | ||
| Best New Artist | Won | |||
| Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie Actress: Drama | Dreamgirls | Won | |
| Choice Movie Actress (Breakout) | Nominated | |||
| 2008 | Vibe Music Awards | VHollywood Award | Nominated | |
| Black Reel Awards | Best Actress | The Secret Life of Bees | Nominated | |
| Best Ensemble | Nominated | |||
| Grammy Awards | Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | Dreamgirls: Music from the Motion Picture | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Best R&B Album | Jennifer Hudson | Won | |
| Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | Spotlight | Nominated | ||
| Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals | I'm His Only Woman featuring Fantasia Barrino | Nominated | ||
| NAACP Image Awards | Outstanding New Artist | Won | ||
| Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture | The Secret Life of Bees | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Female Artist | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Duo, Group or Collaboration | I'm His Only Woman featuring Fantasia Barrino | Won | ||
| Outstanding Music Video | Spotlight | Nominated | ||
| Outstanding Song | Nominated | |||
| Outstanding Album | Jennifer Hudson | Won | ||
| BET Awards | Best Female R&B Artist | Nominated | ||
| Best Actress | The Secret Life of Bees | Nominated | ||
| Teen Choice Awards | Choice Music: R&B Artist | Nominated | ||
| Choice Music: R&B Track | If This Isn't Love | Nominated | ||
| Soul Train Awards | Best R&B/Soul Female Artist | Nominated | ||
| Song of the Year | Spotlight | Nominated | ||
| 2010 | People's Choice Awards | Favorite R&B Artist | Nominated | |
| Teen Choice Awards | Choice American Idol Alum | Nominated | ||
| 2011 | BET Awards | Best Female R&B Artist[106] | Nominated | |
| 2012 | NAACP Image Awards[107] | Outstanding Female Artist | Nominated | |
| Outstanding Music Video | Where You At | Won | ||
| Outstanding Album | I Remember Me | Won | ||
| Billboard Music Awards | Top R&B Album[108] | I Remember Me | Nominated |
See also[link]
Wikipedia books: Jennifer Hudson
References[link]
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- ^ a b Tan, Michelle (April 1, 2010). "Jennifer Hudson Is the New Face–and Body!–of Weight Watchers". People. http://stylenews.peoplestylewatch.com/2010/04/01/jennifer-hudson-is-weight-watchers-new-face/.
- ^ "Album Charts: Chris Brown Earns First Billboard 200 #1 With 'F.A.M.E.' " Published 03/31/2011, Ballerstatus.com
- ^ "Recording Industry Association of America". RIAA. http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?content_selector=gold-platinum-searchable-database. Retrieved 2012-02-23.
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- ^ "Yahoo Biography". Movies.yahoo.com. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1808690669/bio. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
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- ^ "Jennifer Hudson 1981-". Biography Today (Omnigraphics, Inc.) 17 (1): 50. 2007. ISSN 1058-2347.
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- ^ World Entertainment News Network (February 7, 2008). "Dreamgirls Star Hudson Dreams Of Houston Duet". Teen Music. http://www.teenmusic.com/d/142059/1020/dreamgirls-star-hudson-dreams-of-houston-duet.html. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ Biography Today, p. 50.
- ^ Biography Today, p. 51.
- ^ "'Idol' Jennifer Hudson Says She Was Robbed". MTV. April 23, 2004. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1486564/20040423/id_1235723.jhtml. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (November 8, 2008). "Jennifer Hudson Moves to 'Better Place'". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,631910,00.html. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
- ^ May 21 2009, The 10 Greatest 'American Idol' Contestants Of All Time: Latest champ Kris Allen didn't make our list, but you might be surprised by who did. James Montgomery, MTV. [2]
- ^ Shirley Halperin (May 31, 2010). "The ultimate 'American Idol' power ranking: 120 contestants on, Kelly Clarkson still reigns supreme". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/americanidoltracker/2010/05/the-ultimate-american-idol-power-ranking-after-9-seasons-and-120-contestants-kelly-clarkson-still-re.html. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson sings 'Over It'". YouTube. September 7, 2005. http://youtube.com/watch?v=OyUicGJgyGM. Retrieved July 9, 2006.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson signs with Clive Davis". msnbc.com. November 21, 2006. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/15841783/ns/today-entertainment/t/jennifer-hudson-signs-clive-davis/#.TyefEFxSQ9U. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Susan Wloszczyna (November 16, 2005). "'Idol' finalist Hudson lands lead in 'Dreamgirls' film". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/movies/news/2005-11-16-hudson-dreamgirls_x.htm. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ Vilkomerson, Sara (December 3, 2006). "Dreamgirls Wakes Up". The New York Observer. http://www.observer.com/node/52981. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
- ^ "Hudson steals ‘Dreamgirls,’ flirts with Oscar". MSNBC. December 11, 2006. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16056454/. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
- ^ Pollan, Michael (December 22, 2006). "The Best of 2006: Jennifer Hudson's rendition of "And I Am Telling You"". Culturekitchen.com. http://www.darriafilm.com/liza/blog/the_best_of_2006_jennifer_hudsons_rendition_of_and. Retrieved November 9, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Ruben V. Nepales (January 17, 2007). "Golden Globe winners have ties, memories of RP". Global Nation. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/news/view_article.php?article_id=43821. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ WENN (February 13, 2007). "Hudson Makes History with 'Vogue' Cover". Hollywood. http://www.hollywood.com/news/Hudson_Makes_History_with_Vogue_Cover/3657023. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ "'Dreamgirl' Jennifer Hudson Wins Oscar". News Max. February 26, 2007. http://newsmax.com/archives/articles/2007/2/25/230344.shtml. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ "In brief: Chicago celebrates Jennifer Hudson Day". The Guardian (London). March 7, 2007. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/mar/07/news5. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
- ^ "City honours actress with own day". BBC News, Wednesday. March 7, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6426135.stm.
- ^ Associated Press (June 19, 2007). "Film Academy Invites 115 New Members". abc7. http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=entertainment&id=5400194. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Leslie Unger (June 18, 2007). "Academy Invites 115 to Become Members". Oscars. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071224094334/http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2007/07.06.18.html. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (December 11, 2009), "THE 100 Greatest MOVIES, TV SHOWS, ALBUMS, BOOKS, CHARACTERS, SCENES, EPISODES, SONGS, DRESSES, MUSIC VIDEOS, AND TRENDS THAT ENTERTAINED US OVER THE PAST 10 YEARS". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84
- ^ Leslie Simmons (September 11, 2007). "Hudson moves to 'Sex and the City' movie". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012164116/http://hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/news/e3iff4aa14eba3699af39efe7af7e997eb3. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ a b "Winnie – Jennifer Hudson and Terrence Howard". Myweku.com. November 18, 2010. http://www.myweku.com/2010/11/jennifer-hudson-and-terrence-howard-winnie-trailer/. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ a b "Jennifer Hudson Interview on Winnie, Weight Loss, New Album, More". The Daily Beast. February 20, 2011. http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2011-02-20/jennifer-hudson-interview-on-winnie-weight-loss-new-album-more/. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ Fleming, Michael (November 17, 2009). "Jennifer Hudson to star in 'Winnie'". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118011521.html?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "South African actors 'want Hudson out of Mandela film'". American Free Press. December 7, 2009. http://movies.yahoo.com/feature/afp-south-africa-jennifer-hudson.html. Retrieved December 8, 2009.
- ^ Berger, Sebastien (January 26, 2010). "Winnie Mandela threatens legal action over film". Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/southafrica/7079001/Winnie-Mandela-threatens-legal-action-over-film.html. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
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- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's Mom, Brother Shot to Death". KLTA news. October 24, 2008. http://www.ktla.com/landing_topstories/?Jennifer-Hudsons-Mom-Brother-Shot-to-Dea=1&blockID=117236&feedID=1198. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ "Mother, brother of Jennifer Hudson killed". ABC Local. October 24, 2008. http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6468948. Retrieved October 25, 2008.
- ^ Gorner, Jeremy; Heinzmann, David; Janega, James; Rozas, Angela (October 24, 2008). "Sources: Jennifer Hudson relative slain; child missing". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2008/10/double-homicide-on-south-side.html. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson | Hudson Murder Suspect Arrested, Star's Nephew Still Missing". Contactmusic. 2008-10-25. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/hudson%20murder%20suspect%20arrested%20stars%20nephew%20still%20missing_1084649. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's nephew missing after slayings". Webcitation.org. http://www.webcitation.org/5cFLAoUOb. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ "Body found in SUV linked to Hudson shootings". CNN. October 27, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/10/27/illinois.shootings.hudson/index.html. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ Shenoy, Rupa (October 27, 2008). "Body found in SUV, unknown if it's Hudson's nephew". Google. http://www.webcitation.org/5cFLHFCza. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ Tareen, Sophia (October 27, 2008). "FBI says body found is that of Hudson's nephew, 7". news.yahoo.com. http://www.webcitation.org/5cFLMOEPA. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ "Autopsy: Hudson nephew shot multiple times". CNN. October 28, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/10/28/illinois.shootings.hudson/index.html#cnnSTCText. Retrieved November 9, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Perry, Beth (October 30, 2008). "Jennifer Hudson Announces Foundation for Murder Victim Families". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20236848,00.html?xid=rss-topheadlines. Retrieved October 30, 2008.
- ^ "Parole hearing set for suspect in Hudson deaths". Associated Press. November 8, 2008. http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CHICAGO_BODIES_HUDSON?SITE=DEWIL&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT. Retrieved November 10, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Babwin, Don (November 10, 2008). "Man questioned in Hudson case to stay in prison". Associated Press. http://www.webcitation.org/5cFIUuyhL. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ "Man questioned in Hudson case, parolee William Balfour, to stay in prison". Daily News. November 10, 2008. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/us_world/2008/11/10/2008-11-10_man_questioned_in_hudson_case_parolee_wi.html. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ "Illinois: Suspect in Hudson Killings Is Still Held". The New York Times. November 10, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/11/us/11brfs-SUSPECTINHUD_BRF.html?ref=us. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ "Suspect in Hudson slayings to remain in jail". Channel NewsAsia. November 10, 2008. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/entertainment/view/389058/1/.html. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's family murder latest". China Daily. November 11, 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/showbiz/2008-11/11/content_7192806.htm. Retrieved November 10, 2008.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (December 3, 2008). "William Balfour, Suspect In Hudson Family Killings, Denied Bail". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1600641/20081203/hudson__jennifer.jhtml. Retrieved December 3, 2008.
- ^ Tareen, Sophia. William Balfour Indicted for Hudson Family Murders blackamericaweb.com. December 31, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2009
- ^ Kaufman, Gil.William Balfour Appears In Court For Jennifer Hudson Family Murders MTV. January 27, 2009. Retrieved August 21, 2009
- ^ Hussain, Rummana; Fitzpatrick, Lauren (May 9, 2012). "Jury resumes deliberations today in Jennifer Hudson family murders". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/12421983-418/no-verdict-wednesday-in-jennifer-hudson-family-murders.html. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
- ^ Hussain, Rummana; Fitzpatrick, Lauren (May 11, 2012). "Jennifer Hudson 'emotional but relieved' with guilty verdicts". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/news/crime/12456155-418/jennifer-hudson-emotional-but-relieved-with-guilty-verdicts.html. Retrieved May 13, 2012.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson Wasn't Singing". inmusic.ca. http://inmusic.ca/Bell.Sympatico.CMS/CmsTemplates/JE/Music/FeedsArticleTemplate.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID={18F882D2-DE30-4310-A41D-DE375A211539}&NRORIGINALURL=%2fnews_and_features%2fcontentposting_news%3fnewsitemid%3d27410%26feedname%3dBUM_MUSIC_NEWS_EN%26show%3dFalse%26number%3d0%26showbyline%3dTrue%26subtitle%3d%26detect%3d%26abc%3dabc%26date%3dFalse&NRCACHEHINT=Guest&feedname=BUM_MUSIC_NEWS_EN&number=0&newsitemid=27410&showbyline=True&abc=abc&show=False&date=False&ICPAGENO=2#IC_TOP. Retrieved August 7, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Hudson's Emotional Return". Yahoo! Music. February 1, 2009. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/realityrocks/132160/jennifer-hudsons-super-return. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson to Sing National Anthem at Super Bowl". People.com. 2009-01-14. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20252441,00.html. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
- ^ "Hudson performs for first time since Oct slayings". Apnews.myway.com. http://apnews.myway.com/article/20090202/D96342300.html. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson Takes Throat Forced Break From Tour, Postpones Final Dates". Singersroom.com. May 5, 2009. http://www.singersroom.com/news/3765/Jennifer-Hudson-Takes-Throat-Forced-Break-From-Tour-Postpones-Final-Dates. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ Powers, Ann; Martens, Todd (July 7, 2009). "Michael Jackson memorial: Jennifer Hudson sings 'Will You Be There'". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2009/07/michael-jackson-memorial-jennifer-hudson-sings-will-you-be-there.html. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
- ^ Joyce Eng. "Jennifer Hudson Locks in Christmas Special". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Jennifer-Hudson-Locks-1010599.aspx.
- ^ "Hope For Haiti's Total Now At $61 Million – And Counting". Multichannel News. January 26, 2010. http://www.multichannel.com/article/445900-Hope_For_Haiti_s_Total_Now_At_61_Million_And_Counting.php. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson: New face of Weight Watchers". CNN. April 1, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/SHOWBIZ/04/01/jennifer.hudson.weight.watchers.ppl/index.html. [dead link]
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson Instyle Confession – Size 16 to 6 and Lost 56 Pounds". National Ledger. August 4, 2010. http://www.nationalledger.com/ledgerpop/article_272633766.shtml. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's Incredible Weight Loss". Oprah.com. February 10, 2011. http://www.oprah.com/oprahshow/Jennifer-Hudsons-Incredible-Weight-Loss-Journey/2. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Swerdlick, David (2011-12-21). "I Got This: Jennifer Hudson's Latest Book". Theroot.com. http://www.theroot.com/views/jennifer-hudson-pens-new-memoir. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ Arceneaux, Michael. "Jennifer Hudson Lands Book Deal | News". BET. http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2011/06/08/jennifer-hudson-lands-book-deal.html. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ I Got This: How I Changed My Ways and Lost What Weighed Me Down, Jennifer Hudson. New York: Dutton (2012) ISBN 978-0525952770
- ^ "Who Wants a Whitney & Jennifer Hudson Duet?". E! Online. September 18, 2009. http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b145009_who_wants_whitney_jennifer_hudson_duet.html. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "Chris Brown, Jennifer Hudson debut in The Billboard 200's two top spots". Content.usatoday.com. 2011-03-30. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2011/03/chris-brown-jennifer-hudson-debut-in-the-billboard-200s-two-top-spots/1. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
- ^ Review at Jennifer Hudson web site
- ^ Snippet at Rap-up.com
- ^ "Top Hip-Hop and R&B Songs & Singles Charts" (in (French)). Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs?order=gainer. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "Top Hip-Hop and R&B Songs & Singles Charts". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs?order=gainer. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ Hudson's chart history at Billboard.com
- ^ "FIRST LOOK: Jennifer Hudson's "Where You At" Video + "Ellen"". Rodonline.typepad.com. 2011-02-18. http://rodonline.typepad.com/rodonline/2011/02/first-look-jennifer-hudsons-where-you-at-stills-plus-ellen-performance.html. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ "First Look at Jennifer Hudson’s "Where You At" Video". Rap-Up.com. 2011-02-17. http://www.rap-up.com/2011/02/17/first-look-at-jennifer-hudsons-where-you-at-video/. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ "iTunes - Music - No One Gonna Love You (Remixes) by Jennifer Hudson". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-07-13. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/no-one-gonna-love-you-remixes/id450499009. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "No One Gonna Love You (Jason Nevins Extended Remix): Jennifer Hudson: Amazon.co.uk: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.co.uk. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Gonna-Jason-Nevins-Extended-Remix/dp/B005EFVW44/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1318557715&sr=8-1. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ Published Thursday, Jun 23 2011, 11:40 BST (2011-06-23). "Jennifer Hudson confirms new single 'No One Gonna Love You' - Music News". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a326368/jennifer-hudson-confirms-new-single-no-one-gonna-love-you.html. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs - Week of June 16, 2011". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/r-b-hip-hop-songs?begin=41&order=position. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's Next Single Will Be... | ..::That Grape Juice // ThatGrapeJuice.net::.. || Thirsty?". Thatgrapejuice.net. 2011-09-21. http://thatgrapejuice.net/2011/09/jennifer-hudsons-single/. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson Music News & Info". Billboard. July 5, 2011. http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100#/artist/jennifer-hudson/812392. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
- ^ McClintock, Pamela (June 1, 2011). "Jennifer Hudson Cast as a Nun in 'Three Stooges'". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jennifer-hudson-cast-as-a-193953. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's Whitney Houston Grammy Tribute, "I Will Always Love You"". Huffingtonpost.com. 2012-02-14. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/12/jennifer-hudson-whitney-houston-grammys-tribute_n_1271952.html?ref=entertainment. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ Barbara Walters' Oscar Special, 2007
- ^ "David Otunga". WWE.com. http://www.wwe.com/superstars/davidotunga. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ "Harvard Law Grad". Abovethelaw.com. October 12, 2007. http://abovethelaw.com/david_otunga/. Retrieved March 10, 2011.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson's new reality: She's engaged to David Otunga". Los Angeles Times. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedishrag/2008/09/is-jennifer-hud.html. Retrieved May 6, 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson Engaged to Boyfriend Gary Otunga". People. September 14, 2008. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20225699,00.html. Retrieved September 14, 2008.
- ^ Ritti, Missy (August 11, 2009). "Jennifer Hudson Welcomes a Son". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20297229,00.html. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- ^ "Jennifer Hudson > Filmography". Allmovie. http://www.allmovie.com/artist/jennifer-hudson-454405/filmography. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
- ^ "Best Female R&B Artist — BET Awards 2011". Bet.com. http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2011/nominees/best-female-r-b-artist.html. Retrieved 2011-08-02.
- ^ 02/17/2012 by Olivia Allin (2012-02-17). "NAACP Image Awards 2012: Full list of winners". Ontheredcarpet.com. http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/NAACP-Image-Awards--2012:-Full-list-of-winners/8548831. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (2012-04-20). "Adele, Rihanna, Lady Gaga Lead Billboard Noms". Mtv.com. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1683540/adele-rihanna-gaga-billboard-music-awards.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-05-06.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jennifer Hudson |
- Official website
- Jennifer Hudson at Allmusic
- Jennifer Hudson at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jennifer Hudson at the Internet Movie Database
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Rachel Weisz |
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress 2006 |
Succeeded by Tilda Swinton |
| Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture 2006 |
Succeeded by Cate Blanchett |
|
| Preceded by Chaka Khan (Funk This) |
Grammy Award for Best R&B Album (Jennifer Hudson) 2009 |
Succeeded by BLACKsummers'night by Maxwell |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hudson, Jennifer |
| Alternative names | Hudson, Jennifer Kate |
| Short description | Singer–songwriter, actress, spokesperson |
| Date of birth | September 12, 1981 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Coordinates: 53°4′N 0°11′W / 53.067°N 0.183°W / 53.067; -0.183
Lincolnshire ( /ˈlɪŋkənʃə/ or /ˈlɪŋkənʃɪə/; abbreviated Lincs) is a county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yards (18 m), England's shortest county boundary. The county town is Lincoln, where the county council has its headquarters.
The ceremonial county of Lincolnshire is composed of the non-metropolitan county of Lincolnshire and the area covered by the unitary authorities of North Lincolnshire and North-East Lincolnshire. Therefore, part of the ceremonial county is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region, and part is in the East Midlands region. The county is the second largest of the English counties and one that is predominantly agricultural in land use. The county can be broken down into a number of geographical sub-regions including: the Lincolnshire Fens (south Lincolnshire), the Carrs (similar to the Fens but in north Lincolnshire), the Lincolnshire Wolds, and the industrial Humber Estuary and North Sea coast around Grimsby and Scunthorpe.
