Part of Middle Temple c.1830 as drawn by Thomas Shepherd. The great hall is beneath the cupola. Middle Temple Library, 1892, by Herbert Railton File:Fountain Court London.jpg Fountain Court, at the heart of Middle Temple Combined coat of arms of the four Inns of Court. The Middle Temple's arms are at top right A modern day view of Middle Temple

The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, commonly known as Middle Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court exclusively entitled to call their members to the English Bar as barristers; the others being the Inner Temple, Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn. It is located in the wider Temple area of London, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.

History[link]

In the 13th century, the Inns of Court originated as hostels and schools for student lawyers. The Middle Temple is the western part of "The Temple", the headquarters of the Knights Templar until they were dissolved in 1312; the awe-inspiring Temple Church still stands as a "peculiar" (extra-diocesan) church of the Inner and Middle Temples. There has never been an "Outer Temple", apart from a Victorian-era office block of that name: an order of 1337 mentions the "lane through the middle of the Court of the Temple", used by chancery justices and clerks on their way to Westminster, which became known as Middle Temple Lane and probably gave its name to the Inn.^[1]

The Inns stopped being responsible for legal education in 1852, although they continue to provide training in areas such as advocacy and ethics for students, pupil barristers and newly-qualified barristers. Most of the Inn is occupied by barristers' offices, known as "chambers". One of the Middle Temple's main functions now is to provide education and support for new members to the profession. This is done through advocacy training, the provision of scholarships (£1 million in 2005), subsidised accommodation both in the Temple and in Clapham,^[2] and by providing events where junior members may meet their more senior colleagues for help and advice.

The Inn[link]

Middle Temple Hall is at the heart of the Inn, and the Inn's student members are required to attend a minimum of 12 qualifying sessions there. Qualifying sessions, formerly known as "dinners", combine collegiate and educational elements and will usually combine a dinner or reception with lectures, debates, mooting, or musical performances. Middle Temple Hall is also a popular venue for banqueting, weddings, receptions and parties. In recent years it has become a much-used film location—the cobbled streets, historic buildings and gas lighting give it a unique atmosphere. Shakespeare's Twelfth Night received its first recorded performance here, at the feast Candlemas in 1602.^[3]

Middle Temple Library possesses Emery Molyneux's terrestrial and celestial globes, which are of particular historical cartographical value.

Liberty[link]

Middle Temple (and the neighbouring Inner Temple) is also one of the few remaining liberties, an old name for a geographic division. It is an independent extra-parochial area,^[4] historically not governed by the City of London Corporation^[5] (and is today regarded as a local authority for most purposes^[6]) and equally outside the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishop of London. It geographically falls within the boundaries and liberties of the City, but can be thought of as an independent enclave.

Some of the Inn's buildings (those along Essex Street, Devereux Court and the Queen Elizabeth Building near the Embankment) lie just outside the liberty of the Middle Temple and the City's boundary, and are in the City of Westminster. Quadrant House (7-15 Fleet Street) was acquired by the Middle Temple in 1999 and after five years of conversion is now a barristers' chambers.^[7] This lies outside the liberty (though immediately adjacent to it) but is within the City of London.

See also[link]

• List of members of Middle Temple

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Middle Temple

• Middle Temple website
• Middle Temple Banqueting website
• Temple Church website
• 2008 Temple Festival website
• Middle Temple Hall Victorian-era postcard

Coordinates: 51°30′45″N 0°06′43″W / 51.5125°N 0.112°W / 51.5125; -0.112

v t e City of London Wards Aldersgate Aldgate Bassishaw Billingsgate Bishopsgate Bread Street Bridge Broad Street Candlewick Castle Baynard Cheap Coleman Street Cordwainer Cornhill Cripplegate Dowgate Farringdon Within Farringdon Without Langbourn Lime Street Portsoken Queenhithe Tower Vintry Walbrook Enclaves Inner Temple Middle Temple Localities Barbican Blackfriars Broadgate Farringdon Minories Smithfield Temple Attractions Bank of England Museum Barbican Centre Clockmakers' Museum College of Arms Dr. Johnson's House Finsbury Circus Guildhall Art Gallery Leadenhall Market London Mithraeum London Stone Mansion House The Monument Museum of London One New Change Prince Henry's Room Royal Exchange St Paul's Cathedral Smithfield Market Notable structures 2 King's Bench Walk 30 St Mary Axe Aldgate Pump Bank of England Bevis Marks Synagogue Golden Boy of Pye Corner Heron Tower Holborn Circus Lloyd's building London Stock Exchange Merchant Taylors' Hall National Firefighters Memorial Old Bailey Old Billingsgate Market Tower 42 Civil parishes List of civil parishes in the City of London Bridges Blackfriars Bridge Blackfriars Railway Bridge Cannon Street Railway Bridge London Bridge Millennium Footbridge Southwark Bridge Tube and rail stations Aldgate Bank-Monument Barbican Blackfriars Cannon Street City Thameslink Fenchurch Street Liverpool Street Mansion House Moorgate St. Paul's Tower Gateway Category Commons

Axel Rudi Pell
Background information
Born	(1960-06-27) 27 June 1960 (age 51)
Origin	Germany
Genres	Hard rock, heavy Metal, Speed Metal, Power Metal
Years active	1984–present
Labels	SPV
Associated acts	Crush 40, Hardline, Steeler
Website	Official website
Notable instruments
Guitar

Axel Rudi Pell (born 27 June 1960) is a German guitar player, playing melodic heavy metal. He started off with the band Steeler (1984–1988) before leaving to start his solo career in 1989 with the eponymous band Axel Rudi Pell. During this time, he has played with such drummers as Jörg Michael, Mike Terrana and singers Jeff Scott Soto and Rob Rock.

Axel Rudi Pell's latest album is Circle of the Oath and was released on 23rd, March 2012 in Germany, followed by an March 27th release in North America.

SPV Records released a live DVD on 25 February 2008, titled Live over Europe, which includes the full performance from the Rock Hard Festival in 2007, and comes with a bonus disc which includes live footage from Pell's own archive.^[1]

Band members[link]

^[2]

Current members[link]

• Axel Rudi Pell – guitar (1989–present)
• Johnny Gioeli – lead vocals (1997–present)
• Mike Terrana – drums (1998–present)
• Ferdy Doernberg – keyboards (1997–present)
• Volker Krawczak – bass (1989–present)

Past members[link]

Vocals[link]

• Charlie Huhn (1989)
• Rob Rock (1991)
• Jeff Scott Soto (1992–1997)

Bass[link]

• Jörg Deisinger (1989)
• Thomas Smuszynski (1989)

Drums[link]

• Jörg Michael (1989–1998)

Keyboards[link]

• Georg Hahn (1989)
• Rüdiger König (1989)
• Kai Raglewski (1991–1992)
• Julie Greaux (1993–1996)
• Christian Wolff^{[disambiguation needed ]}(1997)

Discography[link]

With Steeler[link]

• Steeler (1984)
• Rulin' the Earth (1985)
• Strike Back (1986)
• Undercover Animal (1988)

Solo[link]

See also Category:Axel Rudi Pell albums

Albums[link]

• Wild Obsession (1989)
• Nasty Reputation (1991)
• Eternal Prisoner (1992)
• Between the Walls (1994)
• Black Moon Pyramid (1996)
• Magic (1997)
• Oceans of Time (1998)
• The Masquerade Ball (2000)
• Shadow Zone (2002)
• Kings and Queens (2004)
• Mystica (2006)
• Diamonds Unlocked (2007)
• Tales of the Crown (2008)
• The Crest (2010)
• Circle of the Oath (2012)

Compilations[link]

• The Ballads (1993)
• The Ballads II (1999)
• The Wizard's Chosen Few (2000)
• The Ballads III (2004)
• The Best of Axel Rudi Pell: Anniversary Edition (2009)
• The Ballads IV (2011)

Live[link]

• Made in Germany (1995)
• Knights Live (2002)

DVDs[link]

• Knight Treasures (Live and More) (2002)
• Live Over Europe (2008)
• One Night Live (2010)

Equipment[link]

• Fender Stratocaster
• Custom built ESP guitars
• Marshall 100 Watt and 50 Watt Heads
• Engl Powerball E 645
• Ibanez Tube Screamer
• Cry Baby Wah-Wah Pedals
• Rocktron Intelliflex Multieffects
• Samson UHF Wireless System
• Dean Markley and GHS Strings 009 – 042
• Jim Dunlop Picks, 1.5 mm with ARP logo printed in white
• Peavey Triple XXX Amp

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Axel Rudi Pell at Allmusic
• Axel Rudi Pell in the Encyclopaedia Metallum
• Axel Rudi Pell on Metal Storm
• Axel Rudi Pell, Interview: "I Have Never Changed My Style" September 2011

David Arkenstone is an American New Age musician. His music is primarily instrumental, with occasional vocalizations. He was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 1, 1952. He has three children—Quillon, Dashiell and Valinor—with his first wife, Julie.^[1][2] His second wife was Diane Arkenstone, also a musician.^[3]

Biography[link]

After moving from Chicago to California at the age of ten,^[4] he was involved in various high school bands playing guitars and keyboards, playing baseball in his spare time. He studied music in college and started a progressive rock band named after himself, but he soon discovered the music of Kitaro and was heavily influenced by it. Arkenstone was influenced by writers such as J. R. R. Tolkien and Ian Fleming, and grew up listening to bands like Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Deep Purple and Yes, as well as listening to classical music.^[1]

Arkenstone went solo and found his own sound in New Age music. Arkenstone says that has been greatly aided by technology: "Technology has produced some wonderful tools for making music. The computer allows me to fully orchestrate my pieces and really fine tune them."^[5] His music is primarily instrumental. His albums, often fantasy themed, often come packaged with literature and art. He worked with fantasy novel writer Mercedes Lackey on a few of his albums.^[6] Arkenstone and his ex-wife, Diane, created their own record label called Neo Pacifica. In addition to releasing their own music on the label, they have included other bands such as Earth Trybe, Enaid, and the Marquis Ensemble.^[1]

He has also composed music for television; channels such as the History Channel, the Discovery Channel and NBC Sports include his music. He has also written music for trailers and film soundtracks, including the independent film PRISM,^[7] as well as computer game soundtracks such as World of Warcraft, Lands of Lore 2 and 3, Blade Runner, Earth and Beyond, and Emperor: Battle for Dune; he also features on 20 Years of Narada Piano.

Arkenstone earned three Grammy nominations for his work: In the Wake of the Wind in 1992,^[8] Citizen of the World in 2000,^[9] and Atlantis in 2004.^[10]

Arkenstone has learned to play a large variety of musical instruments including the bouzouki, mandolin, guitar, bass guitar, harp, cello, flute, electronic keyboards, piano, Turkish saz, pennywhistle, melodica and pan pipes. He also plays drums and percussion and has performed some vocalizations on his albums.^[1]

Arkenstone is also involved in the band Troika; their sound is similar to his solo work. The band members like to remain anonymous, although the compositions are credited to Arkenstone.

His theme "The Journey Begins / Kyla's Ride" was used for the FIFA World Cup France '98 broadcastings intro by the Mexican television network TV Azteca.

He signed with Domo Records and re-released the album Echoes of Light and Shadow in 2010.

Arkenstone was a member of the composing team who developed the music for Blizzard Activision's World of Warcraft videogame'sCataclysm expansion. Along with Arkenstone, the team consists of Derek Duke, Glenn Stafford, and Neal Acree.^[11]

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Official Page on Domo Records
• Domo Records
• Narada