- published: 11 Aug 2011
- views: 24241
- author: Freewayjim
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Apostle Islands
The Apostle Islands are a group of 22 islands in Lake Superior, off the Bayfield Peninsula in northern Wisconsin. The majority of the islands are located in Ashland County—only Sand, York, Eagle, and Raspberry Islands are located in Bayfield County. All the islands except for Madeline Island are part of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.
The islands are the spiritual home for the Lake Superior Chippewa. The islands were named the Apostle Islands by New France historian Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, who named them after the 12 apostles (even though there were 22 islands).
"The Apostle Islands National Lakeshore provides regionally diverse and unique plant communities." "Over 800 plant species occur within the lakeshore, including Wisconsin listed endangered and threatened species." The Apostles are dominated by boreal forest, composed largely of white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea), often mixed with white birch (Betula papyrifera), white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), white pine (Pinus strobus), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides). On Madeline Island, Stockton Island, and several other islands, a unique bog-dune ecosystem can be found near deep bays and enclosed lagoons.
wn.com/Apostle_Islands -
Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
wn.com/Atlanta -
Austria
Austria (
i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] (
listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
wn.com/Austria -
Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
wn.com/Baltimore -
Białystok
Białystok ([bʲaˈwɨstɔk] ( listen)) (Belarusian: Беласток, Biełastok) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Located in the North Podlasie Lowland (pl:Nizina Północnopodlaska) on the banks of the Biała River, Białystok ranks second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area, of the cities of Poland. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the fact that the nearby border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Warm Summer Continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Białystok's character, and occupy around 1,756 ha (4,340 acres) (17.2% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth most "wooded" city in Poland.
wn.com/Białystok -
Blue dress park
Blue Dress Park is the name given to a derelict piece of urban space in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by conceptual artist Paul Druecke in 2000. The site is located on the northwest edge of the Holton Street Bridge, where it connects the Milwaukee East Side neighborhoods of Brewer's Hill, Riverwest, and Brady Street, and is a large concrete expanse surrounded by a low iron fence. In the summer of 2000, Druecke staged a "christening celebration" with champagne and chamber music on the site, temporarily transforming it into a "crowded meeting place".
In 2010, Druecke formed a collaborative effort with Los Angeles-based artist Sara Daleiden, a founding member of the LA Urban Rangers, to create the Friends of Blue Dress Park. Board members include Anna-Marie Opgenorth, Brian Reilly, John Riepenhoff, Wendy Slocum, Karin Wolf, and Steve Wetzel. Druecke serves as Creative Liaison for the informal organization. The Friends of Blue Dress Park held "Condiments Provided," a community gathering and brat tasting event on May 21, 2011.
wn.com/Blue_dress_park -
Bohemia
Bohemia (Czech: Čechy;German: Böhmen (help·info); Polish: Czechy; French: Bohême; Latin: Bohemia) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague. In a broader meaning, it often refers to the entire Czech territory, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, especially in historical contexts, such as the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Bohemia has an area of 52,065 km² and today is home to approximately 6 million of the Czech Republic's 10.3 million inhabitants. It is bordered by Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, the historical region of Moravia to the east, and Austria to the south. Bohemia's borders are marked with mountain ranges such as the Bohemian Forest, the Ore Mountains, and the Krkonoše (Giant Mountains), the highest within the Sudeten mountain range.
In the 2nd century BC, the Romans were competing for dominance in northern Italy, with various peoples including the Boii. The Romans defeated the Boii at the Battle of Placentia (194 BC) and the Battle of Mutina (193 BC). After this, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps.
wn.com/Bohemia -
Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ ( listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
wn.com/Boston -
Brickyard
A brickyard is a place or yard where the earthen building material called bricks are made, fired, and stored, or sometimes sold or otherwise distributed from. Brick makers work in a brick yard. A brick yard may be constructed near natural sources of clay or on or near a construction site if necessity or design requires the bricks to be made locally.
Coordinates: 46°07′N 11°13′E / 46.117°N 11.217°E / 46.117; 11.217
wn.com/Brickyard -
Camagüey Province
Camagüey is the largest of the provinces of Cuba. Its capital is Camagüey. Other towns include Florida and Nuevitas.
Camagüey is mostly low lying, with no major hills or mountain ranges passing through the province. Numerous large cays (including what used to be one of Fidel Castro's favourite fishing spots; the Archipiélago Jardines de la Reina) characterize the southern coasts, while the northern coast is lined by Jardines del Rey of the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago.
Sandy beaches are found on both coasts also, and despite a large potential for tourism, the province has seen little development in that area with the exception of Santa Lucía beach, on the province's North coast.
The economy of the Camagüey province is primarily cattle and sugar (in the north and south) farming, and the province is known for its cowboy culture, with rodeos frequently held. Chickens and rice are also farmed, and a small citrus fruit industry exists. The capital city also has one of the few breweries on the island.
wn.com/Camagüey_Province -
Carora
Carora is a town in Lara State, Venezuela, on the Morere River, a branch of the Tocuyo River. It is about 54 miles southwest of Barquisimeto. Carora was founded twice. The first time, in the year 1569 by Juan de Tejo, but due to constant attacks from the indigenous population, it was abandoned, only to be refounded three years later (1572) by Juan de Salmanca. Carora flourished in colonial times having a population of nearly 10,000. As of 1911, the neighboring country was devoted principally to raising horses, mules and cattle; in addition to hides and leather, it exported rubber and other forest products. As of 2005 the main economic activity of the area is still cattle ranching, but on milk production and milk products. In the 1990s grapes and wine making became important.
Carora has one municipality: Torres Municipality, Venezuelan law specifies that municipal governments have four main functions: executive, legislative, comptroller, and planning. The executive function is managed by the mayor, who is in charge of representing the municipality's administration. The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws. The comptroller tasks are managed by the municipal comptroller's office, which oversees accountancy. Finally, planning is represented by the Local Public Planning Council, which manages development projects for the municipality.
wn.com/Carora -
Carroll University
Coordinates: 43°0′13″N 88°13′40″W / 43.00361°N 88.22778°W / 43.00361; -88.22778
Carroll University is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Presbyterian church located in Waukesha in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. Carroll opened in 1846, two years before Wisconsin became a state. Before July 1, 2009, Carroll University was known as Carroll College.
Prairieville Academy, which eventually became Carroll College (and subsequently Carroll University), was founded in 1841. Three years later, in summer of 1844, the genesis for Beloit College came in the form of a group of New Englanders calling themselves "Friends of Education," who gathered to discuss the formation of a "frontier college."
The charter for Carroll – named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Maryland, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence – was passed into law by the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature on January 31, 1846. Beloit's charter followed shortly on February 2, giving rise to Carroll's claim to be the oldest four-year institution in Wisconsin.
wn.com/Carroll_University -
Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cincinnati
Cincinnati (pronounced /sɪnsɨˈnæti/) is a city in and the county seat of Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. Settled in 1788, the city is located north of the Ohio River at the Ohio-Kentucky border, near Indiana. The population within city limits was 296,943 according to the 2010 census, making it Ohio's third-largest city. According to the 2011 Census Bureau estimate, the Cincinnati metropolitan area had a population of 2,138,038, the 27th most populous Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) in the United States, and the most populous in Ohio. Residents of Cincinnati are called Cincinnatians.
In the early 19th century, Cincinnati was the first American boomtown in the heart of the country to rival the larger coastal cities in size and wealth. As the first major inland city in the country, it is sometimes thought of as the first purely American city. It developed initially without as much recent European immigration or influence as took place in eastern cities. However, by the end of the 19th century, with the shift from steamboats to railroads, Cincinnati's growth had slowed considerably and the city became surpassed in population and prominence by another inland city, Chicago.
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Cleveland
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] ( listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Discovery World
Discovery World is a museum located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at 500 N. Harbor Drive. When the museum moved to Milwaukee's lakefront in 2006, it changed its name to Discovery World at Pier Wisconsin. It formerly was located at 815 N. James Lovell Street.
The museum focuses on innovation and technology, as well as Great Lakes education and conservation. Its building is filled with interactive exhibits, theaters, the Reiman Family Aquarium and Wisconsin's official flagship, the Denis Sullivan, a fully functional sailing vessel modeled after a 19th-century Great Lakes schooner. The entire Great Lakes watershed, built to scale, addresses freshwater issues, stewardship, and our relationship with freshwater resources. Many of the exhibits have to do with Milwaukee or the Great Lakes (including a 3-D diorama of the Great Lakes)
The museum is operated by Discovery World, Ltd. which was formed after a merger with Pier Wisconsin, Ltd.
Discovery World was founded by Robert Powrie Harland Senior and was initially known as the Science, Economics and Technology Center, and plans for it appeared in the Milwaukee Journal in 1981. Articles mentioning Discovery World date back to 1986 in the Milwaukee Sentinel and suggest that the museum's early location was the Milwaukee Public library[1]. Paul Krajniak was director of exhibit development at the time [2]. This location was inside the Wisconsin Ave. entrance of the library but had its doors before the inner doors to the library area, allowing visitors to go to the museum without entering the library area or passing through the book scanners on the way out. The museum featured hands-on exhibits, computerized simulations, and science shows. Admission was $1.50 for adults and $1 for children [3].
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Door Peninsula
The Door Peninsula is a peninsula in eastern Wisconsin, separating the southern part of the Green Bay from Lake Michigan. The peninsula begins in northern Brown and Kewaunee counties and proceeds northeast to include all of Door County. It is the western portion of the Niagara Escarpment. Well known for its cherry and apple orchards, the Door Peninsula is a popular tourism destination. With the 1882 completion of the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal, the northern half of the peninsula became an island.
Limestone outcroppings of the Niagara Escarpment are visible on both shores of the peninsula, but are larger and more prominent on the Green Bay side as seen at the Bayshore Blufflands. Progressions of dunes have created much of the rest of the shoreline, especially on the easterly side. Flora along the shore provides clear evidence of plant succession. The middle of the peninsula is mostly flat, cultivated land. Beyond the northern tip of the peninsula are a succession of islands, the largest of which is Washington Island. The partially submerged ridge extends further north, becoming the Garden Peninsula in Upper Michigan.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Froedtert Hospital
Froedtert Hospital, (pronounced "fray-dert"), located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is a teaching hospital and an ACS verified Level I adult trauma center, one of two such facilities in Wisconsin. Froedtert is the primary teaching affiliate of the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW), where MCW students and residents receive their clinical education. Froedtert is licensed for 655 beds. Froedtert is located on the Milwaukee Regional Medical Center grounds, which is a consortium of 6 health care institutions.
Froedtert is a transplant center, performing heart, lung, kidney, liver, and pancreas transplants. Froedtert was the first hospital in Wisconsin and was the second academic hospital in the US to be primary stroke center certified by The Joint Commission. The Eye Institute is located at Froedtert Hospital and manages all serious types of eye conditions. It is also nationally ranked in the areas of Endocrinology and Respiratory Disorders.
Froedtert, founded as Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital opened on September 29, 1980, and was named after Kurtis Froedtert, the Milwaukee businessman who donated $11 million to found the hospital after his death in 1951.
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Galway
Galway (Irish: Gaillimh, pronounced [ˈɡalʲɪvʲ]) or City of Galway (Cathair na Gaillimhe) is a city on the west coast of Ireland. It is located on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay and is surrounded by County Galway. It is the third largest city within the state (after Dublin and Cork), though if the wider urban area is included then it falls into fourth place behind Limerick. The population of Galway city at the 2011 census was 75,529, rising to 76,778 across the entire urban area.
The city takes its name from the Gaillimh river (River Corrib) that formed the western boundary of the earliest settlement, which was called Dún Bhun na Gaillimhe ("Fort at the mouth of the Gaillimh"). The word Gaillimh means "stony" as in "stony river" (the mythical and alternative derivations are given in History of Galway). Historically, the name was written as Gallive, which is closer to the Irish pronunciation.
The city also bears the nickname "City of the Tribes" Irish: Cathair na dTreabh because "fourteen tribes of" merchant families led the city in its Hiberno-Norman period. The term tribes was often a derogatory phrase in Cromwellian times. The merchants would have seen themselves as Irish gentry and loyal to the King. They subsequently adopted the term as a badge of honour and pride in defiance of the town's Cromwellian occupiers.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Illinois
Illinois (i/ˌɪlɨˈnɔɪ/ IL-i-NOY) is the 25th most extensive and the 5th most populous of the 50 United States, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean; as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.
Although the state's largest population centers today are in northern Illinois, originally the state's population grew from south to north, with settlers arriving from Kentucky in the 1810s. In 1818, Illinois achieved statehood. Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River, one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan. Railroads and John Deere's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois' rich prairie into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmlands, attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars. The Great Migration established a large community of African Americans in Chicago that created the city's famous jazz and blues cultures.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indiana
Indiana (i/ɪndiˈænə/) is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 15th most populous of the 50 United States. Indiana is the least extensive state in the continental US west of the Appalachian Mountains. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis, the second largest of any state capital and largest state capital east of the Mississippi River.
Before it became a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Angel Mounds State Historic Site, one of the best preserved ancient earthwork mound sites in the United States, can be found in Southwestern Indiana near Evansville. Residents of Indiana are known as Hoosiers. The etymology of the word is disputed, but the leading theory as advanced by the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society has "Hoosier" originating from the upland South region of the U.S. as a derogatory slang term for a rough countryman, a country bumpkin.
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis /ˌɪndiəˈnæpɵlɨs/ (abbreviated Indy /ˈɪndi/) is the capital of the US state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 829,718. It is Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S. Census, is the 12th largest city in the U.S., the second largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also one of the fastest growing regions in the United States.
For much of its history, Indianapolis has oriented itself around government and industry, particularly manufacturing. Today, Indianapolis has a much more diversified economy, contributing to the fields of education, health care, and finance. Tourism is also a vital part of the economy of Indianapolis, and the city plays host to numerous conventions and sporting events. Of these, perhaps the most well known is the annual Indianapolis 500 and the NHRA U.S. Nationals. Other major sporting events include the Brickyard 400 and the Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments. 2012 marked the first time Indianapolis hosted the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVI was played at Lucas Oil Stadium, on February 5, 2012 in Downtown Indianapolis. Also held in Lucas Oil Stadium is the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships.
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Iowa
Iowa (i/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km2 with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.
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King Gambrinus
King Gambrinus is a public artwork by American artist Carl Kuehns, which is located in the courtyard of the Best Place tavern and hall at the former site of the Pabst Brewing Company Former Corporate Office Building, which is near downtown Milwaukee, WI, USA.
The statue features a standing, bearded King Gambrius in blue clothing with a red and white cape holding a flagon of beer in his right hand. The painted metal sculpture weighs 900 lbs.
The original King Gambrinus was carved in wood and installed in 1857. In 1966, the new version was commissioned and stood in the courtyard until 1996. From 1997 to 2004, the statue was stored at Milwaukee's Miller Brewing, a contract brewer for Pabst.
The King Gambrinus statue was initially displayed in the courtyard, but was removed in 1996 upon the closing of the Pabst Brewery. From 2004 to 2011, the statue was installed in the employee cafeteria at the Illinois headquarters of Pabst. Best Place operator Jim Haertel negotiated a loan of the sculpture to return it to its original site.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Marcus Amphitheater
The Marcus Amphitheater is an amphitheater on the south end of the Henry Maier Festival Park (also known locally as the Summerfest grounds) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The amphitheater was built after an extremely overcrowded concert in 1984 to carry crowds of 25,000 fans during concerts. It was completed in 1987, with the principal contribution from the Marcus Corporation.
The amphitheater plays host to a variety of concerts and events during the spring, summer and fall.
It is also the venue for headlining acts performing at Summerfest.
Coordinates: 43°01′38″N 87°53′51″W / 43.027162°N 87.897613°W / 43.027162; -87.897613
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Marcus Center
The Marcus Center for the Performing Arts is a performing arts center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It serves as the home of the Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra, Florentine Opera, Milwaukee Ballet, First Stage Children's Theater and other local arts organizations. It is located at the corner of Water Street and State Street in downtown Milwaukee, and is owned by Milwaukee County.
The Marcus Center was designed in the Brutalist style by noted Chicago architect Harry Weese. Construction began on June 27, 1966, and it opened on July 26, 1969 as the Performing Arts Center. After a $25 million donation from the Marcus Corporation in honor of its founder Ben Marcus and his wife Ceil, Milwaukee County decided to change the venue's name in 1994.
The Center contains four major theater venues:
In addition, the Center's grounds feature several public artworks including Seymour Lipton's Laureate and Allen Ditson's Trigon.
Coordinates: 43°2′34″N 87°54′41″W / 43.04278°N 87.91139°W / 43.04278; -87.91139
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Marquette University
Marquette University ( /mɑrˈkɛt/) is a private, coeducational, Jesuit, Roman Catholic university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1881, the school is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities. The university is accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and currently has a student body of 11,600. Marquette is one of the largest Jesuit universities in the United States, and the largest private university in Wisconsin.
Marquette University was founded on August 28, 1881 as Marquette College by John Martin Henni, the first Catholic bishop of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The university was named after 17th century missionary and explorer Father Jacques Marquette, S.J.. The highest priority of the newly established college was to provide an affordable Catholic education to the area's emerging German immigrant population. Marquette College officially became a university in 1907. Marquette University High School, formerly the preparatory department of the university, became a separate institution the same year. Initially an all-male institution, Marquette University became the first coed Catholic university in the world, when it admitted its first female students in 1909.
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McGill University
McGill University is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. McGill University is one of world's most prestigious universities. The university bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Glasgow, Scotland and alumnus of Glasgow University, whose bequest formed the beginning of the university. Founded in 1821, McGill was chartered during the British colonial era, 46 years before the Canadian Confederation, making it one of the oldest universities in Canada.
As of 2011, McGill ranked 1st in Canada and 17th in the world in the QS World University Rankings. According to the 2011 Emerging/Trendence global employability ranking, McGill was ranked 19th in the world for popularity among major employers. In the Maclean's 21st Annual University Ranking (2011), McGill was ranked 1st in Canada among all institutions offering medical and doctoral degrees, maintaining this ranking for the seventh year in a row.
With almost 215,000 living alumni worldwide, students and professors at McGill have been recognized in fields ranging from the arts and sciences, to business, politics, and sports. Notable alumni include eleven Nobel Laureates, one hundred and thirty-two Rhodes Scholars, three astronauts, two Canadian prime ministers, eleven justices of the Canadian Supreme Court, three foreign leaders, nine Academy Award winners, three Pulitzer Prize winners, and twenty-eight Olympic medalists.
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Menomonee Valley
The Menomonee Valley or Menomonee River Valley is a U-shaped land formation along the southern bend of the Menomonee River in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Because of its easy access to Lake Michigan and other waterways, the neighborhood has historically been home to the city's stockyards, rendering plants, shipping, and other heavy industry. It is also a primary source of pollution for the river.
Glacial meltwater formed the Menomonee Valley over 10,000 years ago when the Lake Michigan Lobe of the Wisconsin Glaciation retreated and eroded a swath four miles (6 km) long and half of a mile wide. Today, it is roughly bounded by the 6th Street Viaduct near the river confluence and Miller Park stadium to the west. The valley effectively cuts Milwaukee in half, limiting access to a handful of viaducts that span the chasm.
With a historically predominant white south side and black near north side, the valley has been perceived as a social and racial divide during times of civil unrest. In the 1960s, Father James Groppi organized protests against segregation in Milwaukee and led a number of fair housing marches across this symbolic divide. The 16th Street Viaduct has since been renamed in his honor. Although the racial composition of these neighborhoods has changed over the years, some tensions still exist.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Michigan
Michigan (i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
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Milwaukee Art Museum
Coordinates: 43°02′21″N 87°53′50″W / 43.039292°N 87.897254°W / 43.039292; -87.897254
The Milwaukee Art Museum (MAM) is located on Lake Michigan in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Beginning around 1872, multiple organizations were founded in order to bring an art gallery to Milwaukee, as the city was still a growing port town with little or no facilities to hold major art exhibitions. Over the span of at least nine years, all attempts to build a major art gallery had failed. In 1881, exhibitions were held at Milwaukee's Exposition Hall, which was Milwaukee's primary event venue at the time. Shortly after that year, Alexander Mitchell donated all of her collection into constructing Milwaukee's first permanent art gallery in the city's history.
The art gallery, the Quadracci Pavilion, was designed by the Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. The Reiman Bridge, also designed by Calatrava, connects to the pavilion and provides pedestrian access to and from downtown. With the exception of the temporary exhibition gallery, the galleries are contained in both the Saarinen building and a 1975 addition designed by local architect David Kahler. This addition was commissioned in 1969 to make room for other exhibits and donations.
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Milwaukee City Hall
The Milwaukee City Hall is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. It was finished in 1895, at which time it was the tallest habitable building in the United States. The city hall's bell tower, at 353 feet (108 m), also made it the second tallest structure in the nation, behind the Washington Monument. The Hall was Milwaukee's tallest building until completion of the First Wisconsin Center in 1973.
Milwaukee City Hall was designed by architect Henry C. Koch in the German Renaissance Revival style, based on both German precedent (for example, the Hamburg Rathaus or city hall), and local examples (the Pabst Building, demolished in 1980). Due to Milwaukee's historic German immigrant population, many of the surrounding buildings mirror this design. The foundation consists of 2,584 white pine pilers which were driven in to the marshy land surrounding the Milwaukee River. The upper part of the tower was rebuilt after a fire in October 1929.
The bell in City Hall was named after Solomon Juneau, Milwaukee's first mayor. It was designed and crafted by the Campbells, who were early pioneers in creating diving chambers and suits near the Great Lakes area during that time.
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Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation:i/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.
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Minnesota
Minnesota (i/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
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Missouri
Missouri (i/mɨˈzʊəri/) (nickname The Show Me State) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. Missouri is the 21st most extensive and the 18th most populous of the 50 United States. Missouri comprises 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. The four largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. Missouri's capital is Jefferson City. The land that is now Missouri was acquired from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase and became known as the Missouri Territory. Part of the Territory was admitted into the union as the 24th state on August 10, 1821.
Missouri generally mirrors the demographic, economic and political makeup of America and has long been considered a political bellwether state. With the exceptions of the Presidential elections of 1956 and 2008, Missouri's results have accurately predicted the next President of the United States in every election since 1904. It has both Midwestern and Southern cultural influences, reflecting its history as a border state. It is also a transition between the Eastern and Western United States, as St. Louis is often called the "western-most Eastern city" and Kansas City the "eastern-most Western city". Missouri's geography is highly varied. The northern part of the state lies in dissected till plains while the southern part lies in the Ozark Mountains (a dissected plateau), with the Missouri River dividing the two. The state lies at the intersection of the three greatest rivers of North America, with the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers near St. Louis, and the confluence of the Ohio River with the Mississippi north of the Bootheel. The starting points of the Pony Express Trail and Oregon Trail were both in Missouri. The mean center of United States population as of the 2010 Census is at the town of Plato in Texas County, Missouri.
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Morogoro
Morogoro is a city with an urban population of 206,868 (2002 census) in the southern highlands of Tanzania, 190 km west of Dar es Salaam. It is the capital of the Morogoro Region. It is also known informally as "Mji kasoro bahari," which translates as 'city short of an ocean/port'.
Morogoro lies at the base of the Uluguru Mountains, and is a centre of agriculture in the region, with the Sokoine University of Agriculture based in the city. A number of missions are also based in the town, providing schools and hospitals. The town is the administrative headquarters of the Morogoro region. It is also a traditionally music town, home of Salim Abdullah founder of the Cuban Marimba jazz band. The band was in the fore-front of promotion of Tanzanian music. He was a prolific composer and singer of the Cuban style rumba music of the late 1950s' and post-independent Tanzania. After his death, tha band struggled to regain its prominence but faded to oblivion. The town was also a home of the Morogoro Jazz Band, another well known band established in 1944. In the mid '60s to '70s, Morogoro was a home of one of Tanzania's most influential and celebrated musicians, Mbaraka Mwinshehe, a lead guitarist, singer-songwriter, who died in a car accident in 1979. It was also known for its football clubs. Morogoro is a town connecting a triregion area of country's capital city, Dar es Salaam and the centrally located town of Dodoma and the southern highland town of Iringa. It enjoys the rainfall levels vital in the agriculture of rice, sugar cane and the cool temperature that allow tropical fruits and vegetables all year around. On the western plains of the region there is the Mikumi national park. In the colonial days the outskirts stretched for mile with sisal plantations then an export cash product, Tanzania is the world's second largest sisal producer.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Ningbo
Ningbo (Chinese: 宁波; pinyin: Níngbō (help·info); Ningbo dialect: Nyin-poh/Nyin-pou (help·info)) is a seaport city in the northeast of Zhejiang province, People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status and separate state-planning status, as of the 2010 census, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants, 3,491,000 of whom reside in the urban area which comprises 6 districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay, facing the East China Sea to the east. Ningbo borders Shaoxing to the west and Taizhou to the south, and is separated from Zhoushan by a narrow body of water.
The first character in the city's name (宁 or 寧) means "serene", while its second character (波) translates to "waves". Together, the name literally means "Serene Waves". The city is abbreviated Yǒng (甬), after the Yong Hill (甬山), a prominent coastal hill near the city, like the Yong River (甬江) that flows through Ningbo. The abbreviation Ning is used more commonly for Nanjing.
It was once named "明州" (Míngzhōu). The character Ming (明) was composed by two parts, representing two lakes inside the city wall, i.e., the Sun Lake (日湖) and the Moon Lake (月湖), but only Moon Lake remains.
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Nuevitas
Nuevitas is a municipality and port city in the Camagüey Province of Cuba. The large bay was sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Founded in 1775, the city was moved to its present site in 1828.
Nuevitas is located on the Guincho peninsula on the north coast. Nuevitas is sheltered by a huge harbor, has two auxiliary ports, and is a major shipping point for Cuban sugar as well as other products from the surrounding agricultural region. It also possesses diversified light industry and serves as a road and rail terminus.
The municipality is divided into the barrios of Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Alvaro Reinoso, Lugareño, Redención, San Miguel and Senado.
Nuevitas is not a very large city but it is one of Cuba's most important towns because of its commercial and industrial activities. Nuevitas is located not very far southwest of Playa Santa Lucia which is a very famous place for tourists in Cuba. Cayo Sabinal is located immediately north. The only waterway that separates Santa Lucia from Ensenada Playa Bonita is the canal of Nuevitas which connects the Bahia de Nuevitas to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Omsk
Omsk (Russian: Омск) is a city and the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located in southwestern Siberia 2,236 kilometers (1,389 mi) from Moscow. With a population of over 1.1 million, it is Russia's second-largest city east of the Ural Mountains after Novosibirsk, and seventh by size nationally.
During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia, and later of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.
Omsk is the administrative center of the Siberian Cossack Host. It also serves as the see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia.
Omsk stretches along on the banks of the north-flowing Irtysh at its confluence with the smaller Om River. The city has an elevation of 87 meters (285 ft) above mean sea level at its highest point.
Omsk is an important railroad hub, and is the junction point for the northern and southern branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The city also serves as a major hub for the regional highway network. River-port facilities handle both passengers and freight, giving the city access to the extensive navigable waterways of the Irtysh and Ob River;. The waterways connect Omsk with the coal and mineral-mining towns further up the river in Kazakhstan, as well as with the oil, natural gas and lumber operations of northern Siberia. Omsk is served by the Tsentralny Airport, which offers access to domestic and international (primarily, German and Kazakh) destinations, making the city an important aviation hub for Siberia and the Russian Far East.
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Pabst Mansion
Coordinates: 43°2′21.37″N 87°56′16.74″W / 43.0392694°N 87.9379833°W / 43.0392694; -87.9379833
The Pabst Mansion is located at 2000 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It was once the home to Captain Frederick Pabst (1836-1904), founder of the Pabst Brewing Company.
Captain Pabst commissioned Milwaukee architect George Bowman Ferry to design a mansion in the Flemish Renaissance Revival style. On June 27, 1890, a building permit was issued for the construction of the home that would take two years to build. The Pabst family lived at the mansion from 1892 until 1908, when the Archdiocese of Milwaukee purchased the mansion. For the next 67 years, five Archbishops as well as many priests and sisters lived at the Pabst mansion.
In 1975 the Archdiocese put the mansion up for sale, with the hope that a historic preservation group would purchase it and restore it to its former glory. In 1978, Wisconsin Heritages, Inc., purchased the mansion, opening it to the public in May of that year. Until the purchase, the mansion had been slated to be demolished to make way for a parking structure.
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Pabst Theater
The Pabst Theater is an indoor concert venue and landmark of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. Colloquially known as "the Pabst", the theater hosts about 100 events per year. Built in 1895, it is the fourth-oldest continuously operating theater in the United States, and has presented such notables as pianist Sergei Rachmaninoff, actor Laurence Olivier, and ballerina Anna Pavlova, as well as the majority of current big-name musical acts.
The Pabst is known for its opulence as well as its role in German-American culture in Milwaukee. It is officially designated a City of Milwaukee Landmark and a State of Wisconsin Historical Site, and was also designated a National Historic Landmark in 1991. [1] It is sometimes called the "Grande Olde Lady", being the oldest theater in Milwaukee's theater district.
The Pabst is a traditional proscenium stage theater with two balconies, for a total capacity of 1,345 people. It hosts approximately 100 events per year, including music, comedy, dance, opera, and theater events. [2] The theater also has a hydraulic orchestra pit, adding to its suitability for virtually any performing arts event. The auditorium itself is drum-shaped and is decorated in reds and maroons with gold and silver accents. A large, 2-ton Austrian crystal chandelier hangs over the auditorium. The theater also boasts a staircase crafted from white Italian Carrara marble and a proscenium arch highlighted in gold leaf, which frames the stage.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (/ˈaɪərlənd/ or /ˈɑrlənd/; Irish: Éire, pronounced [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen)) is a sovereign state in Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. Its capital is Dublin. The population of the state was 4.59 million in 2011. It is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy, with an elected president serving as head of state. In the 1937 constitution, the name of the state is given as simply "Ireland". The Constitution of Ireland (Article 4) and the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 provides that the "Republic of Ireland" (Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann) is "the description of the state".
Ireland is a member of the European Union, the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Trade Organisation and the United Nations. A developed country with the seventh highest Human Development Index, Ireland is also highly ranked for press freedom, economic freedom and democracy and political freedom.
The modern Irish state was established in 1922 as the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty which brought an end to the Irish War of Independence. The partition of Ireland had already been provided for in previous British legislation in 1921 in response to opposition to Irish Home Rule or independence by Unionists, who formed a majority in the north-eastern part of the country. Six of the nine counties in the northern province of Ulster were established under that legislation as Northern Ireland, part of the United Kingdom, with which the Irish state shares its only land border. The state is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, St George's Channel to the south east, and the Irish Sea to the east.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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Southwest Airlines
Coordinates: 32°50′48″N 96°51′40″W / 32.846666666667°N 96.861°W / 32.846666666667; -96.861 (Southwest Airlines Headquarters)
Southwest Airlines Co. (NYSE: LUV), operating as Southwest Airlines, is the largest low-cost carrier in the U.S. headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The airline was established in 1967 adopting its current name in 1971, and as of June 5, 2011 (2011 -06-05)[update] is the largest airline in the United States based upon domestic passengers carried.
Although it operated Boeing 727 aircraft for a short time during the 1970s and 1980s, between that time and 2012 the airline operated only Boeing 737 aircraft, and as of September 30, 2011 (2011 -09-30)[update] was the largest operator of the 737 worldwide with over 550 of these aircraft in service, each operating an average of six flights per day.
In May 2011 the airline acquired Orlando-based AirTran Airways, with full integration of the carriers taking place over several years, and on March 1, 2012, the company was issued a single operating certificate meaning that from a technical standpoint, Southwest and AirTran became one airline. As a result, following the merger, Southwest also began operating the Boeing 717.
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Sprecher Brewery
Sprecher Brewery is a brewery founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, by Randal Sprecher in 1985. Sprecher produces an assortment of beers and sodas. The brewery has since moved to the neighboring city of Glendale in Milwaukee County.
Despite producing a full range of micro-brewed craft beers, the brewery is arguably best known for its premium sodas. Sprecher Root Beer and Orange Dream are Milwaukee staples, and kegs of the root beer are ubiquitous at special events throughout Milwaukee and can be found on tap or from a soda fountain at area restaurants (e.g., Kopp's Frozen Custard). Sprecher sodas are renowned for their taste, non-alcoholic qualities, and quality ingredients (for instance: Sprecher Ginger Ale is a golden ginger ale that uses real, locally-grown ginger). Sprecher brews more root beer than all of their alcoholic beers combined. One of the most unusual aspects of their root beer is that raw Wisconsin honey is used as a primary ingredient.
Founder Randal Sprecher, a California native, earned his first degree in oceanography, but found himself unable to continue in this profession due to an unfortunate tendency toward seasickness. Sprecher earned a second degree in brewing and was employed by Pabst in Milwaukee. After a brief time at Pabst, he founded his own brewery in 1985. The new brewery was founded on a budget of $40,000; Sprecher was forced to purchase antiquated or repurposed equipment to keep costs down, including a 16-oz. bottling machine from Coca-Cola and tanks from the dairy industry. Some of this equipment remains in use today. The current Sprecher facility was acquired in 1994.
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Tanzania
Coordinates: 6°18′25″S 34°51′14″E / 6.307°S 34.854°E / -6.307; 34.854 Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania ( /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern border lies on the Indian Ocean.
Tanzania is a state composed of 26 regions (mikoa), including those of the semi-autonomous region of Zanzibar. The head of state is President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, elected in 2005. Since 1996, the official capital of Tanzania has been Dodoma, where Parliament and some government offices are located. Between independence and 1996, the main coastal city of Dar es Salaam served as the country's political capital. Today, Dar es Salaam remains the principal commercial city of Tanzania and the de facto seat of most government institutions. It is the major seaport for the country and its landlocked neighbours.
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Tiberias
Tiberias ( /taɪˈbɪəriəs/; Hebrew: טְבֶרְיָה, Tverya, Tiveria (audio) (help·info); Arabic: طبرية, Ṭabariyyah) is a city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee (also called the Kinneret), Lower Galilee, Israel. Established in 20 CE, it was named in honour of the emperor Tiberius.
Tiberias has been venerated in Judaism since the middle of the 2nd century CE and since the 16th century has been considered one of Judaism's Four Holy Cities, along with Jerusalem, Hebron and Safed. In the 2nd-10th centuries, Tiberias was the largest Jewish city in the Galilee and the political and religious hub of the Jews of Palestine. According to Christian tradition, Jesus performed several miracles in the Tiberias district, making it an important pilgrimage site for Christians. Tiberias has historically been known for its hot springs, believed to cure skin and other ailments, for thousands of years.
Tiberias was founded sometime around 20 CE in Herodian Tetrarchy of Galilee and Peraea by the Roman Jewish client king Herod Antipas, son of Herod the Great. Herod Antopas made it the capital of his realm in the Galilee. Tiberias had a Jewish majority, living alongside a heterogeneous population. It was named in honor of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. There is a legend that Tiberias was built on the site of the Israelite village of Rakkat, mentioned in the Book of Joshua (Joshua 19:35). A discussion of Tiberias as Rakkat appears in the Talmud.[better source needed] In The Antiquities of the Jews, the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus states that Tiberias was located near Emmaus. This location is repeated in The Wars of the Jews.[better source needed]
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Venezuela
Venezuela (i/ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ VEN-ə-ZWAY-lə), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela [repuˈβlika βoliβaˈɾjana ðe βeneˈswela]), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south. Its northern coastline of roughly 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) includes numerous islands in the Caribbean Sea, and in the north east borders the northern Atlantic Ocean. Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba and the Leeward Antilles lie near the Venezuelan coast. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of 29,105,632. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal. This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.
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WITI TV Tower
The WITI Tower in Milwaukee, Wisconsin was completed in August 1962 and was briefly the tallest free-standing tower in the world, rising 1,078 feet (329 m). (Tokyo Tower had been the world's tallest, and after the construction of WITI's tower, it added additional members to regain the title.) For many years, it was the tallest free-standing tower in the United States. The Bentley Company was the foundation contractor for the Dresser Ideco tower, which was erected by the Seago Construction Co.
The tower was built at the same time the FCC relaxed some guidelines on station co-location. In 1956 WITI came to the air, but due to WOC-TV of Davenport, Iowa also being on channel 6, WITI was determined to interfere with small portions of WOC-TV's market area. WITI thus launched being licensed to the North Shore suburb of Whitefish Bay with a tower located in Ozaukee County in the then-Town of Mequon. This provided disadvantages to WITI because viewers in the area had to aim their antennas more northward or northeastward in order to receive WITI, where the city's other stations were centrally located north of downtown. WITI campaigned the FCC to locate in Milwaukee, and finally was successful in doing so in 1962.
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Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincolni/ˈeɪbrəhæm ˈlɪŋkən/ (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union while ending slavery, and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, a Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator in the 1830s, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives in the 1840s. After a series of debates in 1858 that gave national visibility to his opposition to the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost a Senate race to his arch-rival Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party nomination. With almost no support in the South he swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election was the signal for seven southern slave states to declare their secession from the Union and form the Confederate States of America. The departure of the Southerners gave Lincoln's party firm control of Congress, but no formula for compromise or reconciliation was found. And the war came.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
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Al Capone
Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. The Chicago Outfit, which subsequently became known as the "Capones", was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, in Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931.
Born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants, Capone became involved with gang activity at a young age after being expelled from school at age 14. In his early twenties, he moved to Chicago to take advantage of a new opportunity to make money smuggling illegal alcoholic beverages into the city during Prohibition. He also engaged in various other criminal activities, including bribery of government figures and prostitution. Despite his illegitimate occupation, Capone became a highly visible public figure. He made donations to various charitable endeavors using the money he made from his activities, and was viewed by many to be a "modern-day Robin Hood".
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Al Jarreau
Alwin "Al" Lopez Jarreau (born March 12, 1940) is a seven-time Grammy Award winning American jazz singer.
Jarreau was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the fifth of six children. His website refers to Reservoir, Inc., the name of the street where he lived. His father was a Seventh-Day Adventist Church minister and singer, and his mother was a church pianist. He and his family sang together in church concerts and in benefits, and he and his mother performed at PTA meetings.
He was student council president and Badger Boys State delegate for Lincoln High School, going on to Ripon College, where he also sang with a group called the Indigos. Jarreau graduated in 1962 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology. He went on to earn a master's degree in vocational rehabilitation from the University of Iowa, worked as a Rehabilitation Counselor in San Francisco and moonlighted with a jazz trio headed by George Duke.
In 1967, he joined forces with acoustic guitarist Julio Martinez. The duo became the star attraction at a small Sausalito night club called Gatsby's. This success contributed to Jarreau's decision to make professional singing his life and full-time career.
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Andrew Mrotek
Andrew Bishop Mrotek (aka Andy "The Butcher" Mrotek) (born July 4, 1983) was a former drummer, and backup vocalist for the rock band The Academy Is.... He has a twin brother.
Born and raised on Milwaukee's south side, Andy attended Elm Elementary School and then Roosevelt Middle School. Mrotek graduated from Milwaukee High School of the Arts in 2001 while drumming for a band called Last Place Champs. The High School of the Arts split students in classes for their artistic talent, Andy's was visual art. A self portrait of Andy still hangs outside his art classroom doors. During high school, "The Butcher", worked at a McDonald's in his neighborhood. "The Butcher" nickname comes from his next job as a butcher at his neighborhood supermarket Pick N' Save, which he worked after graduation. Ironically, he did become a vegetarian after this. Though, after he contracted mono he was forced to end his vegetarianism. He is currently not a vegetarian.
In 2004 Andy Mrotek replaced former The Academy Is... drummer DelPrincipe. After the band's debut album was released they toured with Fall Out Boy. Being a graphic artist, Mrotek designed, sketched and painted all of the posters for the Sleeping With Giants tour. He also designed his own drum kit for the tour.
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Andy Hurley
Andrew John Hurley (born May 31, 1980) is an American musician and drummer. He is best known as a the drummer of the Chicago-based rock band Fall Out Boy. Prior to Fall Out Boy, Hurley played in several different bands. He joined Fall Out Boy as the full-time drummer in 2003 and has been in the band since. He is also currently the drummer in the heavy metal supergroup The Damned Things, but the band went on hiatus and Hurley moved on to hardcore punk band Enabler.
Hurley is currently endorsed by C&C Custom drums, Sabian cymbals and Vic Firth drumsticks.
Hurley was born in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. He was brought up by his mother, who worked as a nurse; his father died when he was five. Hurley attended Menomonee Falls High School and played percussion in bands, though his first instrument was the saxophone. After high school, he attended University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, double-majoring in anthropology and history. He identifies himself as an anarcho-primitivist, explaining that this means he believes that humans are supposed to live the way they lived prior to 10,000 years ago. When asked about this in the February 2007 issue of Alternative Press, he said that his career contradicted his beliefs, but at the same time, he had to make a living. Hurley is also vegan and straight edge.
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Austria
Austria (i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Byron Kilbourn
Byron Kilbourn (September 8, 1801 – December 16, 1870) was an American surveyor, railroad executive, and politician who was an important figure in the founding of Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Kilbourn was born in Granby, Connecticut, and moved with his family to Worthington, Ohio in 1803, which his father helped found that year. Kilbourn's father was James Kilbourne, a colonel during the War of 1812 and a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1813 to 1817.
Byron Kilbourn worked in Ohio as a surveyor and as a state engineer. He first visited Wisconsin in 1834, landing at Green Bay, and worked as a government surveyor in the area. He later deemed the area near the Milwaukee River to be a promising location for commerce, and he purchased land there. In 1837 Byron Kilbourn founded Kilbourntown (present day Westown), which rivaled with Solomon Juneau's Juneautown (present day East Town) and George Walker's Walker's Point. He was a key figure in the Milwaukee Bridge War in 1845. In 1846, the three combined and formed the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served in the Wisconsin Territorial House of Representatives in 1845 and was a member of the second Wisconsin Constitutional Convention of 1847. Kilbourn also served as a Milwaukee alderman and was elected to two non-consecutive terms as mayor in 1848 and 1854.
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Chris Abele
Christopher Seton Abele (born January 28, 1967) is the current Milwaukee County Executive, an American business owner and philanthropist and former president of the Milwaukee based Argosy Foundation. Abele is active within the Democratic Party.
In 1996, Abele founded SteriLogic Waste Systems with Chris Kerr serving hospitals and medical clinics in managing sharps waste. After serving as CEO of SteriLogic from 1996–2004, Abele became Chairman of Sterilogic to devote more time to philanthropic efforts.
In 2001, Abele and business partner Steve Mech founded CSA Commercial, a Milwaukee based real estate and development company.
In 2004, Abele formally became the President and CEO of the Milwaukee-based Argosy Foundation.
In 2006, SteriLogic merged with Medsolutions and in 2007, Kerr and Abele sold the majority of SteriLogic to Stericycle and restructured the remainder as Oxus Environmental.
Abele has participated in numerous executive search committees for a variety of organizations, including:
Abele has been the recipient of numerous awards for his work in the community, including:
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Coo Coo Cal
Calvin Bellamy, better known as Coo Coo Cal, is an American rapper. He is perhaps best known for his number-one rap single "My Projects".
Coo Coo Cal's first album, Walkin' Dead was released independently in 1999. The album got him noticed by Tommy Boy Records who signed Cal to a recording contract. Tommy Boy released Cal's second album, Disturbed on September 18, 2001. The album spawned Cal's most successful single to date, "My Projects", which topped the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart. After leaving Tommy Boy in 2002, Cal released a follow-up to Walkin' Dead entitled Still Walkin'. A fourth album, All or Nothin', followed in 2004.
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Croats
Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Peru, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which has been influenced by a number of other neighbouring cultures through the ages. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean where, at the same time, Croats have made their own contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic with minor groups of Protestants, Muslims, Orthodox, Jews and secular non religious atheists and agnostics. Their language is Croatian.
Croatia is the nation state of the Croats, while in the adjacent Bosnia and Herzegovina they are one of the three constituent peoples alongside Bosniaks and Serbs.
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Daniel Hoan
Daniel Webster "Dan" Hoan (1881–1961) was a United States lawyer and politician. He became the second Socialist mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and his tenure is generally considered to be the longest continuous socialist administration in U.S. history. He was the second-longest serving mayor of Milwaukee.
Daniel Webster Hoan was born in Waukesha, Wisconsin, on March 12, 1881. He left school early but he studied at evening classes and in 1908 qualified as a lawyer.
A member of the Socialist Party, Hoan moved to Milwaukee where he worked closely with Victor Berger, the editor of the Socialist daily the Milwaukee Leader, in trying to persuade the city to adopt radical reforms. This included municipal ownership of utilities, urban renewal programs and free legal, medical and educational services.
In 1910 Emil Seidel was elected mayor of Milwaukee and became the first socialist leader of a major city in the United States. The same year Hoan became Milwaukee's city attorney, winning election by a plurality of more than 7300 votes out of about 59,000 votes cast over Democratic and Republican opponents. Over the next six years Hoan clamped down on the corruption of public officials.
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Daryl Stuermer
Daryl Mark Stuermer (born November 27, 1952) is an American musician who plays guitar and bass for Genesis during live shows, and lead guitar for Phil Collins during most of his solo tours and albums.
Stuermer was born on November 27, 1952 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and is a 1970 graduate of St. Francis High School. Discovered playing with his Milwaukee band Sweetbottom, Stuermer auditioned for and won a spot backing up jazz violinist Jean-Luc Ponty in 1975, with whom he recorded four albums. In late 1977, Stuermer, on insistence of friend Alphonso Johnson was recommended as a replacement for Steve Hackett. He joined up with Genesis as touring guitarist and bass player at first and retained that position until 1992, only to resume his role in 2007 on the Genesis Turn It On Again Tour. (While with Genesis, Stuermer alternated guitar and bass with Mike Rutherford as needed.) In 1982, Stuermer followed Genesis front man Phil Collins as the lead guitarist for Collins' solo career. In doing so, he went from what Collins called a "permanent-temporary-part-time member" of Genesis to a "permanent-touring-recording member" of Collins' new group. The collaboration has been a successful one for both musicians, and Stuermer has earned co-writer credits on several of Collins' songs.
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Emil Seidel
Emil Seidel (1864–1947) was a patternmaker who served as the mayor of Milwaukee from 1910 to 1912. He was the first Socialist mayor of a major city in the United States, and ran as the Vice Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America in the 1912 presidential election.
Seidel was born December 13, 1864 in the town of Ashland in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania of ethnic German immigrants to America. His family moved to Wisconsin when he was a small child.
At the age of 22, Seidel went abroad to refine his skills as a woodcarver. He lived for six years in Berlin working at his trade during the day and attending school at night. It was in this period that Seidel became an active socialist. Upon his return to Milwaukee, Seidel joined the Pattern Makers Union.
In 1895, Seidel married the former Lucy Greissel.
When Seidel returned to the United States he joined the Socialist Labor Party of America. Seidel was a charter member of the first SLP branch in Milwaukee.
Seidel later joined the Social Democracy of America (established 1897), the Social Democratic Party of America (established 1898), and the Socialist Party of America (established 1901) in turn.
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English American
English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans, although this may have a wider linguistic meaning) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England.
According to American Community Survey in 2010 data, Americans reporting English ancestry made up an estimated 9.0% of the total U.S. population, and form the third largest European ancestry group after German Americans and Irish Americans. However, demographers regard this as an undercount, as the index of inconsistency is high, and many, if not most, people from English stock have a tendency to identify simply as Americans or, if of mixed European ancestry, nominate a more recent and differentiated ethnic group. Throughout the nineteenth century, England was the largest investor in American land development, railroads, mining, cattle ranching, and heavy industry. Perhaps because English settlers gained easy acceptance, they founded few organizations dedicated to preserving the traditions of their homeland.
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Fonzie
Arthur Herbert Fonzarelli (also Fonzie, The Fonz, or Fonz) is a fictional character played by Henry Winkler in the American sitcom Happy Days (1974–1984). He was originally a secondary character, but eventually became the lead. By the mid 1970s, he dwarfed the other characters in popularity.
In 1999 TV Guide ranked him number 4 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list.
Born in the fictional town of East Meadow, as a child he and his mother were abandoned by his father. The only advice Fonz remembered his father giving was, "Don't wear socks in the rain." When he disappeared, he left a locked box for his son, but not a key; Arthur did everything to open the box before finally running over it with his tricycle to reveal that it only contained the key. In the sixth season episode, "Christmas Time", a sailor delivers a Christmas present ostensibly from his father, who wishes to make amends. Fonzie is resentful, but at the end of the episode reads his father's letter explaining why he left and opens it. He also learns that the sailor was his father, who admits in the letter that he doubted he would have the courage to reveal the truth to his son. In a later episode, Fonz unexpectedly meets a woman he believes is his mother in a diner. She convinces him she is not, but in the end, she looks at a picture of Fonz as a small child and sighs.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.
His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."
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Frank Zeidler
Frank Paul Zeidler (September 20, 1912 – July 7, 2006) was an American Socialist politician and Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, serving three terms from April 20, 1948 to April 18, 1960. He was the most recent Socialist mayor of any major American city, although U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders was the mayor of Burlington, the largest city in the U.S. state of Vermont.
Zeidler was born in Milwaukee on September 20, 1912. He studied at both the University of Chicago and Marquette University, but was never able to graduate due to ill health. He became a socialist, because of socialism's emphasis on peace and improving the conditions for workers. In a more thorough interview, Zeidler said he chose the ideology of socialism in 1933 "because of several things in its philosophy. One was the brotherhood of people all over the world. Another was its struggle for peace. Another was the equal distribution of economic goods. Another was the idea of cooperation. A fifth was the idea of democratic planning in order to achieve your goals. Those were pretty good ideas". He distanced himself from the beliefs of communism, especially communism linked in any way to the Soviet Union. Later however, he credited his adoption of socialism because of reading left-wing literature, with the majority of them being written by Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas during the Great Depression.
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French American
French Americans or Franco-Americans are Americans of French or French Canadian descent. About 11.8 million U.S. residents are of this descent, and about 2.0 million speak French and French Creole at home. While Americans of French descent make up a substantial percentage of the American population, French Americans arguably are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups. This is due in part to the tendency of French American groups to identify more strongly with "New World" regional identities such as Acadian, Cajun, or Louisiana Creole. This has inhibited the development of a wider French American identity. The majority of Americans of French and French Canadian descent are descendants of those who first settled in Canada in the 17th century (known as New France at the time), which later became the Province of Quebec in 1763, Lower Canada in 1791, and a Canadian province of Quebec after Canadian Confederation in 1867. The majority of Americans of French descent, mostly resident in New England and the Midwest, are descendants of the Quebec Diaspora and the first Canadiens, while a few are of Acadian descent from the Canadian Maritime provinces. Immigration to the United States from France was much lower than from other parts of Europe, such as Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, Italy, or Poland.
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French Canadian
French Canadian or Francophone Canadian (also Canadien in Canadian English or in French) generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France (Canada) in the 17th and 18th centuries. Today, French Canadians constitute the main French-speaking population of Canada.
During the mid-18th century, Canadian colonists born in French Canada expanded across North America and colonized various regions, cities, and towns. Today, the majority of French Canadians live across North America, including the United States and Canada. The province of Quebec has the largest population of French Canadian descent, although smaller communities of French Canadians exist throughout Canada and in the American region of New England, where between 1840 and 1930, roughly 900,000 French Canadians emigrated to the United States and New England, in particular.
Other terms for French Canadians that continue to reside in the province of Quebec, are Quebeckers or Québécois. French Canadians constitute the second largest ethnic group in Canada, after English Canadians and before Scottish Canadians and Irish Canadians.
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German American
German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry and comprise about 50 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group.California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German Americans at over one-third.
None of the historical German states had overseas colonies, so not until the 1680s did the first significant groups of German immigrants arrive in the British colonies, settling primarily in New York and Pennsylvania. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with some eight million arrivals from Germany. They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Europe by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others simply for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where "Germania"—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.
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Germans
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, about 66–75 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, France, Russia, Chile, Poland, Australia and Romania who most likely are not native speakers of German. Thus, the total number of Germans worldwide lies between 66 and 160 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
Today, peoples from countries with a German-speaking majority or significant German-speaking population groups other than Germany, such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, have developed their own national identity and usually do not refer to themselves as "Germans" in a modern context.
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Gwen Moore
Gwendolynne Sophia Moore (born April 18, 1951) is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 4th congressional district, serving since 2005. She is a member of the Democratic Party.
The district is based in Milwaukee and also includes South Milwaukee, Cudahy and St. Francis, and part of West Allis. She is the first woman to represent the district. She is also the second woman and the first African-American elected to Congress from Wisconsin.
Moore was born in Racine, Wisconsin, but has spent most of her life in Milwaukee. She is the eighth of nine children; her father was a factory worker and her mother a public school teacher. Moore attended North Division High School and served as student council president. She later attended Marquette University and became a single mother and was for a while a welfare recipient. Nonetheless, she was able to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science, graduating in 1973.
She worked as an organizer with Volunteers In Service to America. Through the program, she worked to establish the Cream City Community Development Credit Union to offer grants and loans to low-income residents to start businesses. For her work, she was awarded the national “VISTA Volunteer of the Decade” award from 1976-1986. From 1985 to 1989, she worked for the City of Milwaukee as a neighborhood development strategist and for the state Department of Employment Relations and Health and Social Services. Moore also worked for the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (WHEDA) as a housing officer.
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Henry Maier
Henry Walter Maier (February 7, 1918 – July 17, 1994) was an American politician and mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from 1960 to 1988.
Maier was born in 1918 in Dayton, Ohio. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a master's degree from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.
A member of the Democratic Party, Maier was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate in 1950. In 1960 he was elected Milwaukee's mayor, succeeding Frank Zeidler, the last of Milwaukee's socialist mayors. Maier remained in office for 28 years, succeeded by John Norquist in 1988. He was the longest serving mayor in Milwaukee history.
In 1994, Maier died of pneumonia at age 76 at his home in Delafield, Wisconsin.
The Henry Maier Festival Park, the venue for Summerfest as well as numerous other events, is named in his honor.
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Irish American
Irish Americans are citizens of the United States who can trace their ancestry to Ireland. A total of 36,278,332 Americans—estimated at 11.9% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2008 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Roughly another 3.5 million (or about another 1.2% of Americans) identified more specifically with Scotch-Irish ancestry. The Irish diaspora population in the United States is roughly 6 times the modern population of Ireland.
The only self-reported ancestral group larger than Irish Americans is German Americans. The Irish are widely dispersed in terms of geography, and demographics. Irish American political leaders have played a major role in local and national politics since before the American Revolutionary War: eight Irish Americans signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and 22 American Presidents, from Andrew Jackson to Barack Obama, have been at least partly of Irish ancestry. (See "American Presidents with Irish ancestry" below.)
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Italian American
An Italian American (Italian: Italoamericano singular, Italian: Italoamericani plural), is an American of Italian ancestry. The designation may also refer to someone possessing Italian and American dual citizenship. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German, Irish, African American, English, American and Mexican).
About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the U.S. from 1820 to 2004. The greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1920, alone brought more than 4 million Italians to America. About 80% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy, especially from Sicily, Campania, Abruzzo and Calabria. This was a largely agricultural and overpopulated region, where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule, and the economic measures imposed on the South after Italian unification in 1861 . After unification the Italian government initially encouraged emigration of landless peasants to relieve economic pressures in the South. In the U.S., most Italians began their new lives as unskilled, manual workers in Eastern cities, mining camps and in agriculture. Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in 1890-1910 to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, or white-collar workers. The Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17.8 million Americans claim Italian ancestry.
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Italians
Italians (Italian: italiani) are an ethnic group native of Southern Europe that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence (though the principle of jus sanguinis is used extensively and arguably more favorably in the Italian nationality law), and are distinguished from people of Italian descent and, historically, from ethnic Italians living in the unredeemed territories adjacent to the Italian Peninsula.
In 2012, in addition to the 60 million Italians in Italy and 3,000 in San Marino, Italian-speaking, autonomous groups are found in neighboring countries: about 500,000 in Switzerland, a large, but undefined population in France (Nice, Corsica), and smaller groups in Slovenia and Croatia, primarily in Istria. If regarded as an ethnic group, they constitute one of the world's largest.
Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, about 4 and half million Italian citizens and over 70 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in South America, North America, Australia and parts of Europe.
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Jacques Marquette
Father Jacques Marquette S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan. In 1673 Father Marquette and Louis Jolliet were the first Europeans to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.
Jacques Marquette was born in Laon, France, on June 1, 1637 and joined the Society of Jesus at age seventeen. After he worked and taught in France for several years, the Jesuits assigned him to Quebec in 1666 as a missionary to the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. He showed great proficiency in learning the local languages, especially Huron. In 1668 Father Marquette (French: Père Marquette) was moved by his superiors to missions farther up the St. Lawrence River in the western Great Lakes region. He helped found missions at Sault Ste. Marie in present-day Michigan and at La Pointe, on Lake Superior near the present-day city of Ashland, Wisconsin. At La Pointe he encountered members of the Illinois tribes, who told him about the important trading route of the Mississippi River. They invited him to teach their people, whose settlements were mostly further south. Because of wars between the Hurons at La Pointe and the neighboring Lakota people, Father Marquette left the mission and went to the Straits of Mackinac; he informed his superiors about the rumored river and requested permission to explore it.
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James Buck
James Buck (1808 – November 1, 1865) was an American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient and a sailor in the United States Navy.
Buck, born in Denver, Colorado, served in the Union Navy as an Acting Master's Mate and he was awarded the Medal of Honor as a Quartermaster under General Order 11, dated April 3, 1863.
Buck is buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, MD. His grave can be found in section Q-24, GPS (lat/lon): 39.30936, -76.6062.
The United States Navy named three ships after him — USS Buck. The first ship to be name after Buck, USS Buck (SP-1355) was a motorboat built in 1911. The second ship to be named after Buck was USS Buck (DD-420), a Sims-class destroyer, that served from 1939 until she was sunk during the invasion of Italy in 1943. The third and final ship to take its name from James Buck was USS Buck (DD-761), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer, which served from 1946 until 1973.
Rank and organization: Quartermaster, U.S. Navy. Born: 1808, Baltimore, Md. G.O. No.: 11, April 3, 1863.
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James Groppi
Father James Edmund Groppi (November 16, 1930 – November 4, 1985) was a Roman Catholic priest and noted civil rights activist.
James Groppi was born in the Bay View neighborhood on the south side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Italian immigrant parents. Giocondo and Giorgina Groppi had twelve children, of which James was the eleventh. In this working class community, Giocondo joined others from Italy in Milwaukee's grocery business, opening "Groppi's" store in Bay View, where James and his siblings worked. Typical of boys in heavily Catholic south side Milwaukee, James attended a parochial grade school (Immaculate Conception), but went on to the public high school in Bay View, where he was captain of the basketball team in his senior year. A year after graduation, James Groppi enrolled at Mount Calvary Seminary (1950–1952) in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. According to Frank Aukofer, "It was during his seminary years that Father Groppi began developing an empathy with the black poor. He worked summers at a youth center in Milwaukee's inner core. It was there that he saw the social suffering and ostracism that Negroes lived with every day" (p. 90). Groppi was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood in June 1959 after studying at St. Francis Seminary (1952–1959).
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Jim Doyle
James Edward "Jim" Doyle (born November 23, 1945) is a Wisconsin politician and member of the Democratic Party. He was the 44th Governor of Wisconsin, serving from January 6, 2003 to January 3, 2011. He defeated incumbent Governor Scott McCallum by a margin of 45 percent to 41 percent; the Libertarian Party candidate Ed Thompson carried 10 percent of the vote. Although in 2002 Democrats increased their number of governorships, Doyle was the only one of them to unseat a sitting Republican governor. He is currently an attorney 'of counsel' at the law firm of Foley & Lardner.
Doyle was born on November 23, 1945 in Washington, D.C., the son of Ruth Bachhuber and James E. Doyle, Sr. who were influential leaders of the post-1946 Democratic Party of Wisconsin. James E. Doyle Sr. ran unsuccessfully for governor in 1954 and was appointed as a federal judge in 1965. Ruth Bachhuber Doyle was the first woman from Dane County to be elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1948.
Doyle, who graduated from Madison West High School in 1963, attended Stanford University for three years, then returned home to Madison to finish his senior year at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. After graduating from college and inspired by John F. Kennedy's call to public service, Doyle worked as a teacher with his wife, Jessica Doyle in Tunisia, Africa as part of the Peace Corps from 1967 to 1969.
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Joseph Kentenich
Father Joseph Kentenich (* 16 November, 1885, Gymnich, Rhine Province ; † 15 September 1968 in Schönstatt) was a father of the Pallottines and founder of the Schoenstatt Movement. He is also remembered as a thinker, theologian, educationalist and pioneer of a Catholic response to an array of modern issues, whose teachings underwent a series of challenges from political and ecclesiastical powers. He attempted to teach Christians how to live out their faith.
Considered by many of those who came into contact with him to have been a saint, his cause for sainthood is currently at the diocesan level in the Diocese of Trier, pending the compilation of his writings and correspondences.
He was born in Gymnich, near Cologne, and christened Peter Josef Kentenich the next day at the parish church of St. Kuniberts. A sickly, illegitimate boy in Imperial Germany, he faced many difficulties in his early life. At the age of nine he began a strong devotion to the Virgin Mary whom he credited with bringing him through his life's many trials.
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Julia Child
Julia Child (née McWilliams; August 15, 1912 – August 13, 2004) was an American chef, author, and television personality. She is recognized for introducing French cuisine to the American public with her debut cookbook, Mastering the Art of French Cooking, and her subsequent television programs, the most notable of which was The French Chef, which premiered in 1963.
In 1996, Julia Child was ranked #46 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.
Child was born Julia Carolyn McWilliams in Pasadena, California, the daughter of John McWilliams, Jr., a Princeton University graduate and prominent land manager, and his wife, the former Julia Carolyn ("Caro") Weston, a paper-company heiress whose father, Byron Curtis Weston, served as lieutenant governor of Massachusetts. The eldest of three children, she had a brother, John III (1914–2002), and a sister, Dorothy Dean (1917–2006).
Child attended Westridge School, Polytechnic School from fourth grade to ninth grade, then The Katherine Branson School in Ross, California, which was at the time a boarding school. At six feet, two inches (1.88 m) tall, Child played tennis, golf, and basketball as a child and continued to play sports while attending Smith College, from which she graduated in 1934 with a major in English. A press release issued by Smith in 2004 states that her major was history.
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Leif Ericson
Leif Ericson ( /ˈleɪf/ LAYF or /ˈliːf/ LEEF; Old Norse: Leifr Eiríksson; Icelandic: Leifur Eiríksson; Norwegian: Leiv Eiriksson c. 970 – c. 1020) was a Norseexplorer regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland), nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus. According to the Sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, tentatively identified with the Norse L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland in modern-day Canada.
It is believed that Leif was born around the 970s—the son of mother Thjodhild and father Erik the Red, an explorer and outlaw from Western Norway. Erik founded the first Norse colonies in Greenland, and was based at the family estate Brattahlíð in the so-called Eastern Settlement, where Leif had his upbringing. Leif had two known sons: Thorgils, born to noblewoman Thorgunna in the Hebrides; and Thorkell, who succeeded Leif as chieftain of the Greenland settlement.
Leif was the son of Erik the Red and his wife Thjodhild, and the grandson of Thorvald Asvaldsson. His year of birth is most often given as c. 970 or c. 980. Though Leif's birthplace is not accounted for in the sagas, it is likely he was born in Iceland, where his parents met—probably somewhere in Breiðafjörður, and possibly at the farm Haukadal where Thjodhild's family is said to have been based. Leif had two brothers, Thorstein and Thorvald, and a sister, Freydís.
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Les Paul
Lester William Polsfuss (June 9, 1915 – August 13, 2009)—known as Les Paul—was an American jazz and country guitarist, songwriter and inventor. He was the inventor of the solid-body electric guitar which made the sound of rock and roll possible. He is credited with many recording innovations. Although he was not the first to use the technique, his early experiments with overdubbing (also known as sound on sound),delay effects such as tape delay, phasing effects and multitrack recording were among the first to attract widespread attention.
His innovative talents extended into his playing style, including licks, trills, chording sequences, fretting techniques and timing, which set him apart from his contemporaries and inspired many guitarists of the present day. He recorded with his wife Mary Ford in the 1950s, and they sold millions of records.
Among his many honors, Paul is one of a handful of artists with a permanent, stand-alone exhibit in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He is prominently named by the music museum on its website as an "architect" and a "key inductee" along with Sam Phillips and Alan Freed.
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Liberace
Wladziu (or Vładziu) Valentino Liberace (/lɪbərˈɑːtʃi/ lib-ər-AH-chee; May 16, 1919 – February 4, 1987), best known simply as Liberace, was a famous American pianist and vocalist.
In a career that spanned four decades of concerts, recordings, motion pictures, television and endorsements, Liberace became world-renowned. During the 1950s–1970s he was the highest-paid entertainer in the world and embraced a lifestyle of flamboyant excess both on and off the stage.
Liberace, known as "Lee" to his friends and "Walter" to family, was born in West Allis, Wisconsin, a Milwaukee suburb, to Frances Zuchowska (August 31, 1892 – November 1, 1980), who was of Polish descent, and Salvatore ("Sam") Liberace (December 9, 1885 – April 1, 1977), an emigrant from Formia, Italy. He had a twin who died at birth and he was born with a caul, which in his family, as in many societies, was taken as a sign of genius and an exceptional future. Liberace's father was a musician who played the French horn in bands and movie theaters but sometimes had to work as a factory worker or laborer. While his father encouraged music in the family, his mother was not musical and thought music lessons and a record player to be luxuries they couldn't afford, causing angry family disputes. Liberace later stated, "My dad's love and respect for music created in him a deep determination to give as his legacy to the world, a family of musicians dedicated to the advancement of the art".
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Lithuanian American
Lithuanian Americans are citizens of the United States who are of Lithuanian ancestry. According to the United States Census, there are 712,165 Americans of full or partial Lithuanian descent. New Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has the largest percentage of Lithuanian Americans (20.8%) in the United States.
Large numbers of Lithuanians first came to the United States in 1867-1868 after a famine in Lithuania. (Lithuania at that time still formed part of the Russian Empire: Saint Petersburg had annexed the Lithuanian lands piece by piece between 1772 and 1795 in the partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between Prussia, (later part of Germany), the Austrian-based Habsburg Monarchy and Czarist Russia, which ceased to exist in 1917-1918. Lithuania became independent again in 1918.) The beginnings of industrialization and commercial agriculture in the Russian Empire as well as a population boom that exhausted available land transformed Lithuanian peasant-farmers, once considered[by whom?] an immovable fixture of the land, into migrant-laborers. The pressures of industrialization drove numerous Lithuanian peasants to emigrate to the United States continuing until the outbreak of the First World War. This first wave of Lithuanian immigrants to the United States ceased when the US Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924 driven by xenophobic anti-immigrant attitudes against the newcomers from Eastern Europe. The Immigration Act of 1924 was aimed at restricting the Eastern and Southern Europeans who had begun to enter the country in large numbers beginning in the 1890s.
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Marilyn Monroe
Norma Jeane Mortensen Baker (June 1, 1926 – August 5, 1962), professionally recognized as Marilyn Monroe, was an American actress, model, and singer, who became a major sex symbol, starring in a number of commercially successful motion pictures during the 1950s and early 1960s.
After spending much of her childhood in foster homes, Monroe began a career as a model, which led to a film contract in 1946 with Twentieth Century-Fox. Her early film appearances were minor, but her performances in The Asphalt Jungle and All About Eve (both 1950) drew attention to her. By 1953, Monroe had progressed to a leading role in Niagara (1953), a melodramatic film noir that dwelt on her seductiveness. Her "dumb blonde" persona was used to comic effect in subsequent films such as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) and The Seven Year Itch (1955). Limited by typecasting, Monroe studied at the Actors Studio to broaden her range. Her dramatic performance in Bus Stop (1956) was hailed by critics and garnered a Golden Globe nomination. Her production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions, released The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination and won a David di Donatello award. She received a Golden Globe Award for her performance in Some Like It Hot (1959). Monroe's last completed film was The Misfits, co-starring Clark Gable with screenplay by her then-husband, Arthur Miller.
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Menominee
Some placenames use other spellings, see also Menomonee and Menomonie.
The Menominee (also spelled Menomini in early scholarly literature; known as Mamaceqtaw, "the people" in their own language) are a nation of Native Americans living in Wisconsin.
The Menominee are one of the tribes of Wisconsin and have been there for a reasonable number of years. They are descended from the Old Copper Culture people and their reservation sits 60 miles west of the site of their Creation; where the Menominee River meets the bay of Green Bay (referring to the body of water, not the city) in the present city of Marinette, Wisconsin. The name "Menominee" comes from the Ojibwe name manoominii, meaning "wild rice people", as wild rice is one of their most important traditional staples.
The Menominee were a peaceful, friendly and welcoming nation who had the reputation for getting along with other tribes. When the Oneota people, ancestors of several tribes throughout the Midwest, migrated into Wisconsin between A.D.800 and A.D.900, the indigenous Menominee shared the forests and waters with these people and developed and maintained a friendship with them that exists to this day.
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Peter Straub
Peter Francis Straub (born March 2, 1943) is an American author and poet, most famous for his work in the horror genre. His horror fiction has received numerous literary honors such as the Bram Stoker Award, World Fantasy Award, and International Horror Guild Award, placing him among the most-honored horror authors in recent history.
Straub was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At the age of seven, Straub was struck by a car, sustaining serious injuries. He was hospitalized for several months, and temporarily used a wheelchair after being released until he had re-learned how to walk. Straub has said that the accident made him prematurely aware of his own mortality.
Straub read voraciously from an early age, but his literary interests did not please his parents; his father hoped that he would grow up to be a professional athlete, while his mother wanted him to be a Lutheran minister. He attended Milwaukee Country Day School on a scholarship, and, during his time there, began writing.
Straub earned an honors B.A. in English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1965, and an MA at Columbia University a year later. He briefly taught English at Milwaukee Country Day, then moved to Dublin, Ireland, in 1969 to work on a Ph.D., and to start writing professionally.
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Poles
The Polish people, or Poles (Polish: Polacy [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular: Polak), are a nation indigenous to Poland. They speak the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe. The Polish word for a Polish person is "Polak" (masculine) and "Polka" (feminine).
The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland. Poland's inhabitants live in the following historic regions of the country: Wielkopolska, Małopolska, Mazovia, Pomerania, Warmia, Mazury, Podlasie, Kujawy and Silesia. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine), the Americas (the United States, Brazil and Argentina) and Australia. Chicago, in the United States, has the world's largest urban Polish population after Warsaw.
Over a thousand years ago, the Polans of Giecz, Gniezno and Poznań — an influential tribe in Wielkopolska — succeeded in uniting Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving rise to the Polish state.
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Polish American
A Polish American (Polish: Amerykanin polskiego pochodzenia), is a citizen of the United States of Polish descent. There are an estimated 10 million Polish Americans, representing about 3.2% of the population of the United States. No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans and descendants of non-ethnic Poles, such as Jews or Ukrainians, who were born in the territory of Poland and considered themselves Polish nationals. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, only a certain portion are of Polish ethnic descent. On the other hand, many ethnic Poles when entering the US from 1795–1917, when Poland did not exist, did not identify themselves as ethnic Poles and instead identified themselves as either German, Austrian or Russian (this pertained to the nations occupying Poland from 1795–1917). Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. Polish Americans are the largest European ethnic group in the United States of Slavic origin.
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Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. II, Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan Paweł II), born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920, Wadowice, Republic of Poland – 2 April 2005, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the second-longest serving Pope in history and the first non-Italian since 1523.
John Paul II was acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. He was instrumental in ending communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. Though criticised by progressives for upholding the Church's teachings against artificial contraception and the ordination of women, and by traditionalists for his support of the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reform, he was also widely praised for his firm, orthodox Catholic stances.
wn.com/Pope_John_Paul_II -
Potawatomi
The Potawatomi /ˌpɑːtəˈwɑːtəmiː/, also spelled Pottawatomie and Pottawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi River region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. In the Potawatomi language, they generally call themselves Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and that was applied to them by their Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) cousins. They originally called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe (Chippewa) and Ottawa. In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother."
The English "Potawatomi" is derived from the Ojibwe Boodawaadamii(g) (syncoped in the Ottawa as Boodwadmii(g)). The Potawatomi's name for themselves (autonym) is Bodéwadmi (without syncope: Bodéwademi; plural: Bodéwadmik), a cognate of the Ojibwe form. Their name means “those who keep/tend the hearth-fire,” which refers to the hearth of the Council of Three Fires. The word comes from “to keep/tend the hearth-fire,” which is bodewadm (without syncope: bodewadem) in the Potawatomi language; the Ojibwe and Ottawa forms are boodawaadam and boodwaadam, respectively.
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Rico Love
Richard Preston Butler, Jr. (born December 3, 1982), better known by his stage name Rico Love, is an American singer-songwriter and record producer. Love wrote and produced hit records such as Usher’s "There Goes My Baby" and "Hey Daddy (Daddy's Home)”, Nelly's "Just a Dream" and "Gone", Beyoncé Knowles' "Sweet Dreams". and has contributed to works which have gone on to win Grammys such as Beyoncé's 2009 Best Contemporary R&B album I Am... Sasha Fierce,Usher’s 2010 Best Contemporary R&B album Raymond v Raymond, and Usher's 2010 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance "There Goes My Baby". In addition Love has written and produced records for Kelly Rowland,Diddy Dirty Money,Chris Brown,Alexandra Burke, Keri Hilson,Fergie, and Fantasia. Love is also the CEO of Division1, a record label which partnered with Universal Motown in 2010. Love has appeared as a featured artist on record with T.I.,Usher,Jermaine Dupri,Jamie Foxx,Rich Boy, and Fat Joe.
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Russian American
Russian Americans are primarily Americans who trace their ancestry to Russia. The definition can be applied to recent Russian immigrants to the United States, as well as to settlers of 19th century Russian settlements in northwestern America which includes today's Alaska, California, and Oregon.
Some Rusyn Americans identify as Russian American.[citation needed]
The Russian American population is reported to be 3.13 million.
Many Russian Americans do not speak Russian, having been born in the USA and brought up in English-speaking homes. In 2007, however, Russian was the primary spoken language of 851,174 Americans at home, according to the U.S. Census. According to the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard, 750,000 Russian Americans were ethnic Russians in 1990.
The New York City metropolitan area continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for Russian immigrants legally admitted into the United States.
Sometimes Carpatho-Rusyns and Ukrainians who emigrated from Carpathian Ruthenia in the 19th century and the beginning of 20th century identify as Russian Americans. More recent emigres would often refer to this group as the 'starozhili', which translates to mean "old residents". This group became the pillar of the Russian Orthodox Church in America. Today, most of this group has become assimilated into the local society, with ethnic traditions continuing to survive primarily around the church.
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Santiago Calatrava
Santiago Calatrava Valls (Valencian pronunciation: [santiˈaɣo kalaˈtɾava ˈvaʎs], born 28 July 1951) is a Spanish architect, sculptor and structural engineer whose principal office is in Zürich, Switzerland. Classed now among the elite designers of the world, he has offices in Zürich, Paris, Valencia, and New York City.
Calatrava was born in Benimàmet, an old municipality now integrated as an urban part of Valencia, Spain, where he pursued his undergraduate architecture degree at the Polytechnic University of Valencia along with a post-graduate course in urbanism. During his schooldays, he also undertook independent projects with a group of fellow students, bringing out two books on the vernacular architecture of Valencia and Ibiza Following graduation in 1975, he enrolled in the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Switzerland, for graduate work in civil engineering. In 1981, after completing his doctoral thesis, "On the Foldability of Space Frames", he started his architecture and engineering practice.
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Sauk people
The Sacs or Sauks are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group. Their autonym is (oθaakiiwaki in their own language, and their exonym is Ozaagii(-wag) in Ojibwe. The latter is the source of their names in French and English.
Originally, the Sauk had a patrilineal clan system, in which descent was traced through the father. Clans which continue are: Fish, Ocean/Sea, Thunder, Bear, Fox, Potato, Deer, Beaver, Snow, and Wolf. The tribe was governed by a council of sacred clan chiefs, a war chief, the head of families, and the warriors. Chiefs fell into three categories: civil, war, and ceremonial, but only the civil chief was hereditary. The other two chiefs were determined by demonstrating their ability or their spiritual power.
This traditional manner of selecting historic clan chiefs and governance was replaced in the 19th century by United States appointees of the Sac and Fox Agency. In the 20th century, the tribe adopted a constitutional government patterned after the United States form. They elect their chiefs.[citation needed]
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Scotty McCreery
Scott Cooke "Scotty" McCreery (born October 9, 1993) is an American singer from Garner, North Carolina. He won the tenth season of American Idol on May 25, 2011. His debut studio album, Clear as Day, was released in October 2011 and was certified platinum in the United States. The album includes the top 20 country songs, "I Love You This Big" and "The Trouble with Girls".
McCreery was born in 1993 to Judy (née Cooke) and Michael McCreery in Garner, North Carolina. His mother works as a real estate agent, and his father works as a manufacturing systems analyst. His father was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican mother from San Juan and an American father. His mother is the daughter of a retired school teacher from Gates County, NC. He attended Timber Drive Elementary School in Garner, and later West Lake Middle School where he sang at his graduation. He also attended Garner Magnet High School where he joined a vocal ensemble, Die Meistersingers, that performs across the United States. He started out singing tenor.
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Serbs
The Serbs (Serbian: Срби, Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs live mainly in Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is also a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German-speaking countries, including Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1.8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%). Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States (198,000 Serbian plus additional 326,000 "Yugoslav" nationals),Canada (72,690 in 2006) and Australia (95,000 in 2006).
The Serbs are a Slavic people, specifically of the South Slavic subgroup, which has its origins in the 6th and 7th century communities developed in Southeastern Europe (see Great Migration). Slav raids on Eastern Roman territory are mentioned in 518, and by the 580s they had conquered large areas referred to as Sclavinia (transl. Slavdom, from Sklavenoi – Σκλαυηνοι, the early South Slavic tribe which is eponymous to the current ethnic and linguistic Indo-European people). In 649, Constantine III relocates conquered Slavs "from the Vardar" to Gordoservon (Serb habitat). Among communities part in the Serb ethnogenesis are the Romanized Paleo-Balkan tribes of Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, Celts, Greek colonies and Romans.
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Solomon Juneau
Solomon Laurent Juneau, or Laurent-Salomon Juneau, (August 9, 1793 – November 14, 1856) was a fur trader, land speculator and politician who helped found the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was born in Repentigny, Quebec, Canada to François and (Marie-)Thérèse Galarneau Juneau., His cousin was Joseph Juneau, who founded the city of Juneau, Alaska.[1]
After landing in Mackinac in 1816, Juneau worked as a clerk in the fur trade before becoming an agent for the American Fur Company in Milwaukee. Juneau settled an area east of the Milwaukee River called Juneautown (present day East Town) in 1818, which later joined with George H. Walker's Walker's Point and Byron Kilbourn's Kilbourntown (present day Westown) to incorporate the City of Milwaukee. In 1831, Juneau began learning English and set in motion the naturalization and citizenship process. By 1835, he was selling plots of land in Juneautown. He built Milwaukee's first store, first inn, and was recognized for his leadership among newcomers to Milwaukee. In 1837 he started the Milwaukee Sentinel, which would become the oldest continuously operating business in Wisconsin. He was the first mayor of Milwaukee from 1846 until 1847 and its first Postmaster.
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Swedish American
Swedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent, especially the descendants of about 1.2 million immigrants from Sweden during 1885–1915. Most were Lutherans who were affiliated with predecessor bodies of what are now the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) or Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod or North American Lutheran Church (NALC); some were Methodists. Historically Swedish Americans are concentrated in the Midwest, roughly in the area west and northwest of Chicago.
The first Swedish Americans were the settlers of New Sweden. A colony established by Queen Christina of Sweden in 1638, it centered around the Delaware Valley including parts of the present-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. New Sweden was incorporated into New Netherland in 1655 and ceased to be an official territory of the Realm of Sweden. However, many Swedish and Finnish colonists remained and were allowed some political and cultural autonomy.
Present day reminders of the history of New Sweden are reflected in the presence of the American Swedish Historical Museum in Philadelphia, Fort Christina State Park in Wilmington, Delaware, Governor Printz Park and The Printzhof in Essington, Pennsylvania.
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Tadeusz Kościuszko
Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko ([taˈdɛuʂ kɔɕˈt͡ɕuʂkɔ] ( listen); February 12, 1746 – October 15, 1817) was Polish-Lithuanian and American general and military leader during the Kościuszko Uprising. He is a national hero of Poland, Lithuania, the United States, and Belarus. He led the 1794 Kościuszko Uprising against Imperial Russia and the Kingdom of Prussia as Supreme Commander of the Polish National Armed Force (Najwyższy Naczelnik Siły Zbrojnej Narodowej).
Before commanding the 1794 Uprising, he fought in the American Revolutionary War as a colonel in the Continental Army. In 1783, in recognition of his dedicated service, he was brevetted by the Continental Congress to the rank of brigadier general in a mass promotion given to all officers who had served during the war and became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[citation needed] The United States also gave him a land grant.
On a visit to America in 1798, Kościuszko collected his back pay and entrusted it to his friend Thomas Jefferson in his will, directing him to spend the American money on freeing and educating black slaves, including Jefferson's. Kościuszko died in 1817, but Jefferson never carried out the terms of his will, nor did a friend to whom he transferred the executorship. In 1852 Chief Justice Roger Taney of the U.S. Supreme Court transferred the money, by then worth more than $50,000, to Kościuszko's heirs in Poland, ruling that his American will had been invalid.
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Tony Zielinski
Anthony "Tony" Zielinski is an American politician, currently serving as Milwaukee's Fourteenth District Alderman on the Milwaukee, Wisconsin Common Council. Zielinski was first elected to the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors in 1988 and was re-elected in 1992, 1996, and 2000. Tony Zielinski was first elected to the Common Council in April 2004, and he won re-election in April 2008 with 84% of the vote.
Zielinski attended St. John's Military School in Delafield, Wisconsin, graduating in 1979 with the rank of Second Lieutenant. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, a master of business administration degree from Cardinal Stritch University, and a juris doctor degree from Marquette University Law School.
Alderman Zielinski was first elected to the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors from the 12th District in 1988 and was re-elected in 1992, 1996, and 2000. He served as chair of the Judiciary, Safety and General Services Committee and as a member of the Personnel Committee. He was elected to the Milwaukee Common Council as Alderman of the 14th District in April 2004, and he won re-election in April 2008 with 84% of the vote.
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Violent Femmes
Violent Femmes were an American alternative rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, initially active between 1980 and 1987 and again from 1988 to 2009. The band performed as a trio, including: singer, guitarist and songwriter Gordon Gano, bassist Brian Ritchie, and two drummers, Victor DeLorenzo (1980–1993 and 2002–2009) and Guy Hoffman (1993–2002).
The Violent Femmes released eight studio albums and fifteen singles during the course of their career. The band found immediate success with the release of their self-titled debut album in early 1983. Featuring many of their well-known songs, including "Blister in the Sun", "Kiss Off", "Add It Up" and "Gone Daddy Gone", Violent Femmes became the band's biggest-selling album and was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA. Violent Femmes went on to become one of the most commercially successful rock bands of the 1980s and 1990s, selling over 9 million albums by 2005. After the release of their third album The Blind Leading the Naked (1986), the band's future was uncertain and they split up in 1987, when Gano and Ritchie went solo. However, they regrouped a year later, releasing the album 3 (1989). Since then, Violent Femmes' popularity continued to grow, especially in the United States where the songs "Nightmares" and "American Music" cracked the top five on the Modern Rock Tracks chart.
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Downtown Streets: Milwaukee, WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:50
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
A street tour around downtown Milwaukee.
http://wn.com/Downtown_Streets_Milwaukee,_WI
I-94 & I-794 Milwaukee, WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
A collection of clips featuring I-94 & I-794 including downtown and the Hoan Bridge.
http://wn.com/I-94_I-794_Milwaukee,_WI
A collection of clips featuring I-94 & I-794 including downtown and the Hoan Bridge.
- published: 04 Aug 2011
- views: 9762
- author: Freewayjim
This Is My Milwaukee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:58
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
www.ThisIsMyMilwaukee.com
http://wn.com/This_Is_My_Milwaukee
Milwaukee Wisconsin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Shots from my one hour movie, "Investigating Milwaukee"
http://wn.com/Milwaukee_Wisconsin
Shots from my one hour movie, "Investigating Milwaukee"
- published: 13 Apr 2007
- views: 22109
- author: 222Moses
Rays Indoor Mountain Bike Park 2011 - Milwaukee, WI Rays MTB
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
www.sicklines.com Rays Indoor Mountain Bike Park Milwuakee, WI
http://wn.com/Rays_Indoor_Mountain_Bike_Park_2011_Milwaukee,_WI_Rays_MTB
www.sicklines.com Rays Indoor Mountain Bike Park Milwuakee, WI
- published: 09 Jan 2011
- views: 73200
- author: sicklines
Wanda Sykes Pridefest Milwaukee,WI Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:55
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Wanda Skyes at Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 ...Don't forget to check out part 2
http://wn.com/Wanda_Sykes_Pridefest_Milwaukee,WI_Part_1
Wanda Skyes at Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 ...Don't forget to check out part 2
- published: 11 Jun 2008
- views: 50189
- author: nh096
Hellyeah - Cowboy Way (Live Milwaukee, WI 2010)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:43
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Hellyeah performing Cowboy Way on December 11, 2010 in Milwaukee, WI at the Eagles Ballroom. Set List: Cowboy Way Goddamn Stampede Matter of Time Hell of a Time Rotten to the Core Pole Rider Better Man Nausea It's On! You Wouldn't Know Alcohaulin' Ass Hellyeah
http://wn.com/Hellyeah_Cowboy_Way_Live_Milwaukee,_WI_2010
Hellyeah performing Cowboy Way on December 11, 2010 in Milwaukee, WI at the Eagles Ballroom. Set List: Cowboy Way Goddamn Stampede Matter of Time Hell of a Time Rotten to the Core Pole Rider Better Man Nausea It's On! You Wouldn't Know Alcohaulin' Ass Hellyeah
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 15560
- author: Brian Taylor
Milwaukee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
TRELLY-G TracMusic Trelly-G goes hard as always in the new milwaukee Anthem
http://wn.com/Milwaukee
TRELLY-G TracMusic Trelly-G goes hard as always in the new milwaukee Anthem
- published: 04 Apr 2010
- views: 124778
- author: TRACMUSICTRELLYG
The Corporation - India - 1969 (Milwaukee,Wisconsin,USA)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
A band from Milwaukee.Here a song from their 1969 album ''The Corporation'' Is a long track cover of John Coltrane's ''India'' enjoy! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year dear visitor!
http://wn.com/The_Corporation_India_1969_Milwaukee,Wisconsin,USA
A band from Milwaukee.Here a song from their 1969 album ''The Corporation'' Is a long track cover of John Coltrane's ''India'' enjoy! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year dear visitor!
- published: 21 Dec 2010
- views: 8031
- author: artmaniac53
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Summerfest 2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 20 Mar 2012
The power goes off mid afternoon on the grounds of Summerfest on the 1st day...here's what we do. The power comes back on at 6:04pm....here's What we do. What a wonderful thing Summerfest is..with and without electricity! What such a wonderful thing the Wisconsin Marching Band is!!!..they saved the day at Summerfest on June 29, 2006...No one will ever question that!
http://wn.com/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin_Summerfest_2006
The power goes off mid afternoon on the grounds of Summerfest on the 1st day...here's what we do. The power comes back on at 6:04pm....here's What we do. What a wonderful thing Summerfest is..with and without electricity! What such a wonderful thing the Wisconsin Marching Band is!!!..they saved the day at Summerfest on June 29, 2006...No one will ever question that!
- published: 30 Jun 2006
- views: 18778
- author: srekcap98
Wanda Sykes Pridefest 2008 Milwaukee,WI part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:30
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
Wanda Sykes Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 Part 2... Don't forget to check out part 3
http://wn.com/Wanda_Sykes_Pridefest_2008_Milwaukee,WI_part_2
Wanda Sykes Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 Part 2... Don't forget to check out part 3
- published: 11 Jun 2008
- views: 43389
- author: nh096
Wanda Sykes Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 Part 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
Wanda Sykes at Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008
http://wn.com/Wanda_Sykes_Pridefest_Milwaukee,WI_2008_Part_4
Wanda Sykes Pridefest Milwaukee,WI 2008 part 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:38
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Wanda Sykes at Milwaukee,WI 2008... Don't forget to check out part 4
http://wn.com/Wanda_Sykes_Pridefest_Milwaukee,WI_2008_part_3
Wanda Sykes at Milwaukee,WI 2008... Don't forget to check out part 4
- published: 11 Jun 2008
- views: 29642
- author: nh096
BIG TIME RUSH - (#WOOHOO Windows Down) Live Milwaukee, WI - 7/6/12 BTR Concert
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
BIG TIME RUSH - Marcus Amphitheater - Summerfest Show - Milwaukee Wisconsin #WooHooMilwaukee ---Big Time Summer Tour-- SETLIST Elevate Time of Our Life City Is Ours No Idea Love Me Love Me If I Ruled The World Halfway There Invisible Boyfriend Covergirl (Acoustic) Worldwide (acoustic) I Wanna Hold Your Hand (The Beatles cover) Help (The Beatles cover) Show Me Music Sounds Better With U Windows Down Encore: Til I Forget About You Big Time Rush
http://wn.com/BIG_TIME_RUSH_WOOHOO_Windows_Down_Live_Milwaukee,_WI_7_6_12_BTR_Concert
BIG TIME RUSH - Marcus Amphitheater - Summerfest Show - Milwaukee Wisconsin #WooHooMilwaukee ---Big Time Summer Tour-- SETLIST Elevate Time of Our Life City Is Ours No Idea Love Me Love Me If I Ruled The World Halfway There Invisible Boyfriend Covergirl (Acoustic) Worldwide (acoustic) I Wanna Hold Your Hand (The Beatles cover) Help (The Beatles cover) Show Me Music Sounds Better With U Windows Down Encore: Til I Forget About You Big Time Rush
- published: 07 Jul 2012
- views: 42303
- author: ojoworld
Lady GaGa - "You and I" - Milwaukee, WI 9/2/2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Lady GaGa performing "You and I" at the Monster Ball in Milwaukee, WI on September 2, 2010.
http://wn.com/Lady_GaGa_You_and_I_Milwaukee,_WI_9_2_2010
Lady GaGa performing "You and I" at the Monster Ball in Milwaukee, WI on September 2, 2010.
- published: 03 Sep 2010
- views: 14312
- author: schuster85
All Time Low interview - Warped Tour 2009 - Milwaukee, WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:45
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
All Time Low interview - Warped Tour 2009 - Milwaukee, WI (July 30, 2009)
http://wn.com/All_Time_Low_interview_Warped_Tour_2009_Milwaukee,_WI
All Time Low interview - Warped Tour 2009 - Milwaukee, WI (July 30, 2009)
- published: 03 Aug 2009
- views: 13640
- author: Paulinterviews
Lakefront & Downtown: Milwaukee, WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:14
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Follows WI-794/I-794 to Lincoln Memorial Drive along Lake Michigan through some park areas and then turning around to head south and west through downtown and along I-794 West at street level for a bit.
http://wn.com/Lakefront_Downtown_Milwaukee,_WI
Follows WI-794/I-794 to Lincoln Memorial Drive along Lake Michigan through some park areas and then turning around to head south and west through downtown and along I-794 West at street level for a bit.
- published: 13 Aug 2011
- views: 7271
- author: Freewayjim
Central Vacuum System Installation (Part 2) - Milwaukee WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:57
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Part 2 of the instructions on how to install your BEAM Central Vacuum System from America In-Home in Milwaukee, WI, www.americainhome.com
http://wn.com/Central_Vacuum_System_Installation_Part_2_Milwaukee_WI
Part 2 of the instructions on how to install your BEAM Central Vacuum System from America In-Home in Milwaukee, WI, www.americainhome.com
- published: 09 Mar 2009
- views: 20696
- author: AmericaInHome
Crazy Train Live Milwaukee, Wisconsin January 22, 1982
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Show on January 22, 1982 in Milwaukee, WI. Live with Randy Rhoads. Audio is unedited. Crazy Train Set List 1.Over the Mountain 2. Mr, Crowley 3. Crazy Train 4. Revelation 5. Steal Away 6. Suicide Solution with Band Jam & Solo's 7. Goodbye To Romance 8. I Don't Know 9. No Bone Movies 10. Believer 11. Flying High Again 12. Iron Man 13. Children Of The Grave 14. Paranoid All audio and pics belong to their rightful owners. I do not own any of this audio.
http://wn.com/Crazy_Train_Live_Milwaukee,_Wisconsin_January_22,_1982
Show on January 22, 1982 in Milwaukee, WI. Live with Randy Rhoads. Audio is unedited. Crazy Train Set List 1.Over the Mountain 2. Mr, Crowley 3. Crazy Train 4. Revelation 5. Steal Away 6. Suicide Solution with Band Jam & Solo's 7. Goodbye To Romance 8. I Don't Know 9. No Bone Movies 10. Believer 11. Flying High Again 12. Iron Man 13. Children Of The Grave 14. Paranoid All audio and pics belong to their rightful owners. I do not own any of this audio.
- published: 12 Jan 2011
- views: 60379
- author: buzzsaw177
Kathy Griffin pridefest Milwaukee WI 2007 part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 03 Aug 2012
kathy griffin Live at Pridefest Milwaukee 2007 on Friday night
http://wn.com/Kathy_Griffin_pridefest_Milwaukee_WI_2007_part_2
kathy griffin Live at Pridefest Milwaukee 2007 on Friday night
- published: 13 Jun 2007
- views: 12123
- author: nh096
2010.07.18 Asking Alexandria - Alerion (Live in Milwaukee, WI)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Filmed by Relive the Moment Concert Recordings: www.relivethemoment.net Subscribe now to see when the latest videos are uploaded! July 18, 2010 Asking Alexandria @ The Rave Milwaukee, WI **All copyrights and trademarks are property of their respective owners. I assume no ownership or rights to (said) properties** **Copyright Disclaimer - Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. **
http://wn.com/20100718_Asking_Alexandria_Alerion_Live_in_Milwaukee,_WI
Filmed by Relive the Moment Concert Recordings: www.relivethemoment.net Subscribe now to see when the latest videos are uploaded! July 18, 2010 Asking Alexandria @ The Rave Milwaukee, WI **All copyrights and trademarks are property of their respective owners. I assume no ownership or rights to (said) properties** **Copyright Disclaimer - Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use. **
- published: 20 Jul 2010
- views: 178456
- author: rtmconcerts
Marquette Interchange Tour: Milwaukee, WI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
This shows you all the main ramps of the Marquette Interchange in downtown Milwaukee along with some bonus footage of some of the other ramps that make up this large interchange.
http://wn.com/Marquette_Interchange_Tour_Milwaukee,_WI
This shows you all the main ramps of the Marquette Interchange in downtown Milwaukee along with some bonus footage of some of the other ramps that make up this large interchange.
- published: 08 Aug 2011
- views: 8864
- author: Freewayjim
Tech N9ne interview - Eagles Ballroom - Milwaukee, WI June 1 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:11
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
See photos and live review here www.illuminoise.com/tech-n9ne-hostile-takeover/
http://wn.com/Tech_N9ne_interview_Eagles_Ballroom_Milwaukee,_WI_June_1_2012
See photos and live review here www.illuminoise.com/tech-n9ne-hostile-takeover/
- published: 03 Jun 2012
- views: 10788
- author: illuminoise
photo: AP / Menahem Kahana
08 Jan 2013
JERUSALEM (Reuters) - It's Bibi against the world on a campaign trail that took the combative Israeli prime minister to a Jewish settlement on Tuesday. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu attends the weekly cabinet meeting in Jerusalem December 9, 2012. REUTERS/Ammar Awad ... Tweaking his message to match the locality, Netanyahu said ... The danger comes from Iran, which is building nuclear weapons." ... CHEMICAL WEAPONS ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: AP / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
08 Jan 2013
MOSCOW, January 8 (RIA Novosti) – At least 17 billion Earth-size planets may inhabit the Milky Way galaxy, SPACE.com reported citing a new study by US astronomers ... That translates to a minimum of 17 billion planets as there are about 100 billion stars in the Milky Way ... Over a hundred of candidates have been confirmed as planets so far, NASA said....(size: 1.7Kb)
photo: AP / Channi Anand
09 Jan 2013
JAMMU, India (Reuters) - India slammed arch-rival Pakistan on Wednesday over a fire fight in the disputed territory of Kashmir in which two of its soldiers were killed, and said the mutilation of one of the bodies was "inhuman". India's Defence Minister A.K. Antony waits to speak at a plenary session of the 11th International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) Asia Security Summit ... REUTERS/Tim Chong ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Richard Drew
09 Jan 2013
A commuter ferry has crashed into the dockside in Lower Manhattan in New York during the morning rush hour, injuring between 30 and 50 people.. The Seastreak Ferry, which provides daily services from Atlantic Highlands in New Jersey, struck Pier 11 in the East River not far from Wall Street at about 8.45am ET (1.45pm GMT).. Officials say at least two of the passengers were in a critical condition, one with confirmed head injuries. ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. Christopher Bonebrake
07 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When Congress granted President Lyndon B. Johnson absolute powers to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression," Congress could have also included "all necessary vanities." The 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which greatly escalated a foreign imperial war in Vietnam, added fuel to the bonfires of vanity....(size: 5.2Kb)
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
10 Jan 2013
Permits to build new homes rose almost 22% in Wisconsin's most populated metro areas in 2012 as a general recovery in housing inched forward. Data released Wednesday by MTD Marketing Services of Wisconsin Inc ... While improving, home building remains far off the pace from six years ago, when more than twice as many construction permits were issued in Wisconsin's biggest metro areas for single-family home and duplexes....(size: 64.0Kb)
MSNBC
10 Jan 2013
Just thinking, oh great, now what?" Brezgel said.The number of people hospitalized because of the flu has doubled just in the past week."We are seeing some increased levels of flu here in Wisconsin, and in Milwaukee in particular," said Dr. Jeffrey Smith of Aurora St ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
noodls
10 Jan 2013
(Source. Tiger Woods). For the second consecutive year, Tiger Woods will begin his new season at the Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, he announced Wednesday. The European Tour event will be played next Thursday through Sunday at Abu Dhabi Golf Club ... Woods, now No ... "I had a good break and went to see Stanford beat Wisconsin in the Rose Bowl ... (noodl....(size: 2.3Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
University of Wisconsin System). University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Continuing Education/UW-Extension will offer the Healing Touch - HTI Certificate Program- Levels 1, 2 and 3, from 9 a.m.-6 p.m ... This noodl was issued by University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire and was initially posted at www.uwec.edu....(size: 2.1Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
09 Jan 2013
Wisconsin, seemingly a national hothouse for battles over the power of public employee unions, is at it again ... The plaintiffs say this contract clause violates at least two Wisconsin statues, as well as state contract law. Under Wisconsin law, they argue, the school district must establish set wages for teachers, and can only fire teachers for good cause ... Wisconsin teachers sue school district over allegedly illegal contract provisions....(size: 2.9Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
University of Wisconsin System) Artists Series presentation of 'The Kite Runner' rescheduled for Jan ... 29 at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire ... Funded by the students of UW-Eau Claire, the Artists Series is supported in part by a grant from the Wisconsin Arts Board with funds from the state of Wisconsin and the National Endowment for the Arts....(size: 3.5Kb)
Reuters
09 Jan 2013
OpenGate bought Wisconsin-based Guernsey Dairy from Dean Foods Co in September 2011 to resolve anti-trust concerns about Dean Foods' large share of school milk supplies in the state ... supplies milk and milk products to schools, grocery stores and retailers in Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota and Iowa....(size: 1.5Kb)
The Examiner
09 Jan 2013
Few may realize, however, that this award-winning genius was from Kenosha, Wisconsin. Born on May 6, 1915, Orson Welles's time in Wisconsin was short-lived as his parents divorced and moved to Chicago when he was four-years-old ... Location. Kenosha, Wisconsin ... And though his origin might not be as infamous as this timeless filmmaker, Wisconsinites can be proud to find his roots in Kenosha, Wisconsin ... Wisconsin-born celebrity profile ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)
noodls
09 Jan 2013
University of Wisconsin-Madison) ... A new study, published online in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine and conducted largely at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, shows the potential for two complimentary treatments - stem cell therapy and intermittent exposure to low oxygen - to preserve and even restore breathing capacity in rats with a condition similar to ALS in humans....(size: 5.6Kb)
PR Newswire
09 Jan 2013
9, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Connecture, Inc., the leader in sales automation technology for the health insurance industry, today invited interested software developers and technology professionals to attend the January 17, 2013 meeting of the Wisconsin Java User Group (WJUG) – a free, informal, technical forum for Java enthusiasts. ......(size: 8.0Kb)
The Business Review
09 Jan 2013
The Business Journal by Jeff Engel, Reporter. Date. Wednesday, January 9, 2013, 4.06pm CST. Thinkstock. The Public Service Commission of Wisconsin will conduct a statewide broadband demand survey. Reporter- The Business Journal . . . ... The survey will be conducted through the state Broadband Office and will target residents and businesses throughout the state ... 30 ... Industries.. Your News Made Easy ... Comments ... .....(size: 7.8Kb)
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
09 Jan 2013
.. Aero, the antenna TV service that allows live streaming of broadcast signals on computers and portable devices, is coming to Wisconsin. The company announced plans Monday, at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, to introduce the service in 22 cities including Madison, early this year ... Using "a simple, elegant interface" you control your antenna through the Internet "with any device you want ... Comments (0). Tags....(size: 10.5Kb)
New York Daily News
09 Jan 2013
Carroll Gardens icon Celia Cacace is leaving the only neighborhood she’s ever known - because a relative is selling the building Cacace calls home. Cacace, 76, has to move out of her $500 a month apartment on 1st Place and head 1,000 miles west to her son’s two acre property in rural Wisconsin by Jan. 14. “I’m a walker; I love to walk,” said Cacace. “Now whatever I want to do my son and daughter in-law will have to drive me....(size: 3.1Kb)
This article is about the city in Wisconsin. For other uses, see Milwaukee (disambiguation).
| Milwaukee | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||||
 |
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|
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| Nickname(s): Cream City, Brew City, Beer City, Brew Town, Beertown, The Mil, MKE, The City of Festivals, Deutsch-Athen (German Athens) | |||||
 Milwaukee County, Wisconsin |
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 Milwaukee
|
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| Coordinates: 43°03′8″N 87°57′21″W / 43.05222°N 87.95583°W / 43.05222; -87.95583 | |||||
| Country | United States | ||||
| State | Wisconsin | ||||
| Counties | Milwaukee, Washington, Waukesha | ||||
| Incorporated | January 31, 1846 | ||||
| Government | |||||
| • Type | Strong mayor-council | ||||
| • Mayor | Tom Barrett (D) | ||||
| Area | |||||
| • City | 96.9 sq mi (251.7 km2) | ||||
| • Land | 96.1 sq mi (248.8 km2) | ||||
| • Water | 0.9 sq mi (2.2 km2) | ||||
| Elevation | 617 ft (188 m) | ||||
| Population (2010) | |||||
| • City | 594,833 | ||||
| • Rank | 28th in US | ||||
| • Density | 6,296.3/sq mi (2,399.5/km2) | ||||
| • Urban | 1,308,913 | ||||
| • Metro | 1,555,908 | ||||
| • CSA | 1,751,316 | ||||
| Demonym | Milwaukeean | ||||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||||
| Area code(s) | 414 | ||||
| FIPS code | 55-53000[1] | ||||
| GNIS feature ID | 1577901[2] | ||||
| Major airport | General Mitchell International Airport (MKE) | ||||
| Website | www.city.milwaukee.gov | ||||
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833.[3] Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010.[4] Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.[5]
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee.[6] Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
Once known almost exclusively as a brewing and manufacturing powerhouse, Milwaukee's image has changed with the decline of industry in most of the US. In the past decade, major new additions to the city include the Milwaukee Riverwalk, the Frontier Airlines Center, Miller Park, an internationally renowned addition to the Milwaukee Art Museum, and Pier Wisconsin, as well as major renovations to the U.S. Cellular Arena. In addition, many new skyscrapers, condos, lofts and apartments have been constructed in neighborhoods on and near the lakefront and riverbanks.
There have been five ships of the United States Navy named after the city, including USS Milwaukee (LCS-5).
History[link]
Main article: History of Milwaukee
The Milwaukee area was originally inhabited by the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe (all Algic/Algonquian peoples) and Ho-Chunk (Winnebago) (a Siouan people) Native American tribes. French missionaries and traders first passed through the area in the late 17th and 18th centuries. Alexis Laframboise, in 1785, coming from Michilimackinac (now in Michigan) settled a trading post; therefore, he is the first European descent resident of the Milwaukee region.[7] The word "Milwaukee" may come from Potawatomi language minwaking, or Ojibwe language ominowakiing, "Gathering place [by the water]".[8][9] Early explorers called the Milwaukee River and surrounding lands various names: Melleorki, Milwacky, Mahn-a-waukie, Milwarck, and Milwaucki. For many years, printed records gave the name as "Milwaukie". One story of Milwaukee's name says,
[O]ne day during the thirties of the last century [1800s] a newspaper calmly changed the name to Milwaukee, and Milwaukee it has remained until this day.[8]
The spelling "Milwaukie" lives on in Milwaukie, Oregon, named after the Wisconsin city in 1847, before the current spelling was universally accepted.
Milwaukee was first settled by a French Canadian called Alexis Laframboise in 1785; it was only a trading post.[7] Therefore, Solomon Juneau was not the first to arrive in the area, in 1818. However, Juneau founded the town called Juneau's Side, or Juneautown, that began attracting more settlers. Byron Kilbourn was Juneau's equivalent on the west side of the Milwaukee River. In competition with Juneau, he established Kilbourntown west of the Milwaukee River, and made sure the streets running toward the river did not join with those on the east side. This accounts for the large number of angled bridges that still exist in Milwaukee today. Further, Kilbourn distributed maps of the area which only showed Kilbourntown, implying Juneautown did not exist or that the east side of the river was uninhabited and thus undesirable. The third prominent builder was George H. Walker. He claimed land to the south of the Milwaukee River, along with Juneautown, where he built a log house in 1834. This area grew and became known as Walker's Point.
By the 1840s, the three towns had grown quite a bit, along with their rivalries. There were some intense battles between the towns, mainly Juneautown and Kilbourntown, which culminated with the Milwaukee Bridge War of 1845. Following the Bridge War, it was decided the best course of action was to officially unite the towns. So, on January 31, 1846, they combined to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee and elected Solomon Juneau as Milwaukee's first mayor.
German immigration[link]
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A great number of German immigrants increased the city's population during the 1840s and continued to migrate to the area during the following decades. The majority of these immigrants were from Mecklenburg, Pomerania, and Brandenburg. The German heritage and influence in the Milwaukee area is widespread.
During the middle and late 19th century, Wisconsin and the Milwaukee area became the final destination of many German immigrants fleeing the Revolution of 1848 in the various German states and in Austria. In Wisconsin they found the inexpensive land and the freedoms they sought. Over the next ten years over a million people left Germany and settled in the United States. Some were the intellectual leaders of this rebellion, but many were impoverished Germans. Others left because they feared constant political turmoil in Germany. One journalist commented in the Houston Post that "Germany seems to have lost all of her foreign possessions with the exception of Milwaukee, St. Louis and Cincinnati."
Today, Milwaukee's German heritage carries on in many of its restaurants, neighborhoods, schools and churches. German language is taught at the German Immersion School starting with 4-year old kindergarten students. The school was founded by Milwaukee Public Schools in 1977 and serves as a city-wide school to attract children from all parts of Milwaukee with a German language immersion program. [10]
Polish immigrants[link]
Although the German presence in Milwaukee after the Civil War remained strong, other groups made their way to the city. Foremost among these were Polish immigrants. The Poles had many reasons for leaving their homeland, mainly poverty and political oppression. Because Milwaukee offered the Polish immigrants an abundance of low-paying entry level jobs, it became one of the largest Polish settlements in the USA.
For many residents, Milwaukee's South Side is synonymous with the Polish community which settled here. The group's proud ethnicity maintained a high profile here for decades and it was not until the 1950s and 60s that the families began to disperse to the southern suburbs.
By 1850, there were seventy-five Poles in Milwaukee County and the US Census indicates that they had a variety of occupations: grocers, blacksmiths, tavernkeepers, coopers, butchers, broommakers, shoemakers, draymen, laborers, and farmers. Three distinct Polish communities evolved in Milwaukee, with the majority settling in the area south of Greenfield Avenue. Milwaukee County's Polish population of 30,000 in 1890 rose to 100,000 by 1915. Poles historically have had a strong national cultural and social identity, maintained through the Catholic Church. A view of Milwaukee's South Side skyline is replete with the steeples of the many churches these immigrants built, churches that are still vital centers of the community.
St. Stanislaus Catholic Church and the surrounding neighborhood was the center of Polish life in Milwaukee. As the Polish community surrounding St. Stanislaus continued to grow, Mitchell Street became known as the "Polish Grand Avenue". As Mitchell Street grew denser, the Polish population started moving south to the Lincoln Village neighborhood, home to the Basilica of St. Josaphat and Kosciuszko Park. Other Polish communities started on the east side of Milwaukee and Jones Island, a major commercial fishing center settled mostly by Poles from the Baltic Coast.
Milwaukee has the fourth-largest Polish population in the U.S. at 57,485 (9.6% of the city's population), ranking behind New York City 213,447 (2.7%), Chicago 210,421 (7.3%), and Philadelphia 65,508 (4.3%). The city holds Polish Fest, an annual celebration of Polish culture and cuisine.
Other immigrant groups from Europe[link]
In addition to the Germans and Poles, Milwaukee received large influxes of other European immigrants from Lithuania, Italy, Ireland, France, Russia, Bohemia and Sweden, which included Jews, Lutherans, and Catholics. Italians number in the city at around 40,000 but, in Milwaukee County they number at 110,000. The largest Italian American festival Festa Italiana is held in the city.[11] By 1910, Milwaukee shared the distinction with New York City of having the largest percentage of foreign-born residents in the United States.[12] In 1910, whites represented 99.7% of the city's total population of 373 857.[13] Milwaukee has a strong Greek Orthodox Community, many of whom attend the Greek Orthodox Church on Milwaukee's northwest side, designed by Wisconsin born architect, Frank Lloyd Wright. Milwaukee has a sizable Croatian population with Croatian churches and their own historic and successful soccer club The Croatian Eagles located at the 30 acre Croatian Park in Franklin, WI. Milwaukee also has a large Serbian population with Serbian restaurants and Serbian churches along with an American Serb Hall. The American Serb Hall in Milwaukee is known for its Friday fish fries and popular events. Many U.S. presidents have visited Milwaukee's Serb Hall in the past. The Bosnian population is growing in Milwaukee as well due to the recent migration after the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
African-American migration[link]
During this time, a small community of African Americans who emigrated from the South formed a community that would come to be known as Bronzeville. As industry boomed, the African-American influence grew in Milwaukee.
Mexican-American Immigration[link]
By 1925, there were around 9,000 Mexican Americans that lived in Milwaukee, but the Great Depression forced many of them to move back home. In the 1950s, the Hispanic community was beginning to emerge. They arrived for jobs, filling positions in the manufacturing and agricultural sectors. During this time there were labor shortages due to the immigration laws that restricted Europeans from immigrating to the United States. Additionally, strikes contributed to the labor shortages.[14]
Socialism[link]
During the first half of the twentieth century, Milwaukee was the major city in which the U.S. Socialist Party earned the highest votes. Milwaukee elected three mayors who ran on the ticket of the Socialist Party: Emil Seidel (1910–1912), Daniel Hoan (1916–1940), and Frank Zeidler (1948–1960). Often referred to as "Sewer Socialists", the Milwaukee Socialists were characterized by their practical approach to government and labor.
Historic neighborhoods[link]
Main article: Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
In 1892, Whitefish Bay, South Milwaukee, and Wauwatosa were incorporated. They were followed by Cudahy (1895), North Milwaukee (1897) and East Milwaukee, later known as Shorewood, in 1900. In the early 20th century West Allis (1902) and West Milwaukee (1906) were added, which completed the first generation of "inner-ring" suburbs.
In the 1920s Chicago gangster activity came north to Milwaukee during the Prohibition era. Al Capone, noted Chicago mobster, owned a home in the Milwaukee suburb Brookfield, where moonshine was made. The house still stands on a street named after Capone.[15]
By 1960, Milwaukee had grown to become one of the largest cities in the United States of America. Its population peaked at 741,324.
By the late 1960s, Milwaukee's population had started to decline due to white flight. Milwaukee had a population of 636,212 by 1980, while the population of the metropolitan area increased. Milwaukee avoided the severe declines of its fellow "rust belt" cities due to its large immigrant population and historic neighborhoods.
Since the 1980s, the city has begun to make strides in improving its economy, neighborhoods, and image, resulting in the revitalization of neighborhoods such as the Historic Third Ward, Lincoln Village, the East Side, and more recently Walker's Point and Bay View, along with attracting new businesses to its downtown area. These efforts have substantially slowed the population decline and has stabilized many parts of Milwaukee.
Milwaukee's rich European history is evident today. Largely through its efforts to preserve its history, in 2006 Milwaukee was named one of the "Dozen Distinctive Destinations" by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[16]
In 2010, the Census Bureau released revised population numbers for Milwaukee that showed the city gained population, growing by 1.3%, between 2000 and 2009. This was the first population increase the city of Milwaukee has seen since the 1960 census.
Historic Milwaukee walking tours provide a guided tour of Milwaukee's historic districts, including topics on Milwaukee's architectural heritage, its glass skywalk system, and the Milwaukee Riverwalk.
Geography[link]
Milwaukee lies along the shores and bluffs of Lake Michigan at the confluence of three rivers: the Menomonee, the Kinnickinnic, and the Milwaukee. Smaller rivers, such as the Root River and Lincoln Creek, also flow through the city.
Milwaukee's terrain is sculpted by the glacier path and includes steep bluffs along Lake Michigan that begin about a mile (1.6 km) north of downtown. In addition, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Milwaukee is the Kettle Moraine and lake country that provides an industrial landscape combined with inland lakes.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 251.7 km2 (97.2 sq mi), most of it land.
Cityscape[link]
North-south streets are numbered, and east-west streets are named. However, north-south streets east of 1st Street are named, like east-west streets. The north-south numbering line is along the Menomonee River (east of Hawley Road) and Fairview Avenue/Golfview Parkway (west of Hawley Road), with the east-west numbering line defined along 1st Street (north of Oklahoma Avenue) and Chase/Howell Avenue (south of Oklahoma Avenue). This numbering system is also used to the north by Mequon in Ozaukee County, and by some Waukesha County communities.
Milwaukee is crossed by Interstate 43 and Interstate 94, which come together downtown at the Marquette Interchange. Interstate 894 bypass runs through portions of the city's southwest side, and Interstate 794 comes out of the Marquette interchange eastbound, bends south along the lakefront and crosses the harbor over the Hoan Bridge, then ends near the Bay View neighborhood and becomes the "Lake Parkway" (WIS-794).
One of the distinctive traits of Milwaukee's residential areas are the neighborhoods full of so-called Polish flats. These are two-family homes with separate entrances, but with the units stacked one on top of another instead of side-by-side. This arrangement enables a family of limited means to purchase both a home and a modestly priced rental apartment unit. Since Polish-American immigrants to the area prized land ownership, this solution, which was prominent in their areas of settlement within the city, came to be associated with them.
Climate[link]
Milwaukee's location in the Great Lakes Region often has rapidly changing weather, producing a humid continental climate (Koppen Dfa), with cold, windy, snowy winters, and very warm, humid summers. The warmest month of the year is July, when the 24-hour average is 71.8 °F (22.1 °C), while January is the coldest month, with a 24-hour average of 22.3 °F (−5.4 °C). Of the 50 largest cities in the United States,[17] Milwaukee has the second-coldest average annual temperature, next to that of Minneapolis-St. Paul.[18]
Milwaukee's proximity to Lake Michigan causes a convection current to form around mid-afternoon in light wind regimes, resulting in the so-called "lake breeze" - a smaller scale version of the more common sea breeze. The lake breeze is most common between the months of March and July. This onshore flow causes cooler temperatures to move inland usually 5 to 15 miles, with much warmer conditions persisting further inland. Residents of the area refer to this phenomenon through the phrase "cooler near the lake". Because Milwaukee's official climate site, General Mitchell International Airport, is only 3 miles from the lake, seasonal variations in temperature are less extreme than in many other locations of the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
As the sun sets, the convection current reverses and an offshore flow ensues causing a land breeze. After a land breeze develops, warmer temperatures flow east toward the lakeshore, sometimes causing high temperatures to be reached during the late evening. The lake breeze is not a daily occurrence and will not usually form if a southwest, west, or northwest wind generally exceeds 15 mph (24 km/h). The lake acts to moderate cold air outbreaks along the lakeshore during winter months.
Aside from the lake influence, overnight lows in downtown Milwaukee year-round are often much warmer than suburban locations because of the urban heat island effect. Onshore winds elevate daytime relative humidity levels in Milwaukee as compared to inland locations nearby.
Thunderstorms in the region can be dangerous and damaging, bringing hail and high winds. In rare instances, they can bring a tornado. However, almost all summer rainfall in the city is brought by these storms. In spring and fall, longer events of prolonged, lighter rain bring most of the precipitation. A moderate snow cover can be seen on or linger for many winter days, but there are many days with less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) on the ground.[19]
Milwaukee tends to experience highs that are 90 °F (32 °C) on or above 9 days per year, and subzero lows (< −18 °C) on 12 nights.[19] Extremes range from 105 °F (41 °C) set on July 24, 1934 down to −26 °F (−32 °C) on both January 17, 1982 and February 4, 1996.[20] The 1982 event, also known as Cold Sunday, featured temperatures as low as −40 °F (−40 °C) in some of the suburbs as little as 10 miles (16 km) to the north of Milwaukee.
| Climate data for Milwaukee (General Mitchell International Airport) (Averages from 1981-2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 66 (19) |
68 (20) |
82 (28) |
91 (33) |
94 (34) |
104 (40) |
105 (41) |
103 (39) |
99 (37) |
89 (32) |
77 (25) |
68 (20) |
105 (41) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 28.9 (−1.7) |
32.5 (0.3) |
42.4 (5.8) |
53.8 (12.1) |
64.9 (18.3) |
75.3 (24.1) |
80.1 (26.7) |
78.5 (25.8) |
71.3 (21.8) |
59.3 (15.2) |
46.0 (7.8) |
32.8 (0.4) |
55.48 (13.05) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 15.6 (−9.1) |
19.3 (−7.1) |
27.7 (−2.4) |
37.3 (2.9) |
46.5 (8.1) |
57.1 (13.9) |
63.5 (17.5) |
63.0 (17.2) |
54.9 (12.7) |
43.2 (6.2) |
32.0 (0.0) |
20.1 (−6.6) |
40.02 (4.45) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −26 (−32) |
−26 (−32) |
−10 (−23) |
12 (−11) |
24 (−4) |
33 (1) |
40 (4) |
42 (6) |
28 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
−14 (−26) |
−22 (−30) |
−26 (−32) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 1.76 (44.7) |
1.65 (41.9) |
2.27 (57.7) |
3.56 (90.4) |
3.40 (86.4) |
3.90 (99.1) |
3.67 (93.2) |
3.97 (100.8) |
3.18 (80.8) |
2.65 (67.3) |
2.71 (68.8) |
2.04 (51.8) |
34.76 (882.9) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 14.7 (37.3) |
9.8 (24.9) |
1.4 (3.6) |
0.1 (0.3) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.3 (0.8) |
2.4 (6.1) |
10.6 (26.9) |
46.9 (119.1) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 11.4 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 10.4 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 8.8 | 10.0 | 11.3 | 10.9 | 126.7 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 9.8 | 7.5 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 2.5 | 7.8 | 29.9 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 139.5 | 152.6 | 186.0 | 213.0 | 275.9 | 303.0 | 339.4 | 282.1 | 216.0 | 186.7 | 150.0 | 115.4 | 2,559.6 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [21] National Weather Service - Extremes[20] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: NOAA [21] NCDC 1981-2010 Climate Normals [22] | |||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1840 | 1,700 |
|
|
| 1850 | 20,061 | 1,080.1% | |
| 1860 | 45,246 | 125.5% | |
| 1870 | 71,440 | 57.9% | |
| 1880 | 115,587 | 61.8% | |
| 1890 | 204,468 | 76.9% | |
| 1900 | 285,315 | 39.5% | |
| 1910 | 373,857 | 31.0% | |
| 1920 | 457,147 | 22.3% | |
| 1930 | 578,249 | 26.5% | |
| 1940 | 587,472 | 1.6% | |
| 1950 | 637,392 | 8.5% | |
| 1960 | 741,324 | 16.3% | |
| 1970 | 717,099 | −3.3% | |
| 1980 | 636,212 | −11.3% | |
| 1990 | 628,088 | −1.3% | |
| 2000 | 596,974 | −5.0% | |
| 2010 | 594,833 | −0.4% | |
Population[link]
At the 2010 Census there were 594,832 people residing in Milwaukee, a decrease of -0.4%, since 2000.
As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 596,974.[1] As of 2000, there were 232,188 households, and 135,133 families residing in the city. The population density is 2,399.5/km² (6,214.3 per square mile). There are 249,225 housing units at an average density of 1,001.7/km² (2,594.4 per square mile).
There are 232,188 households, of which 30.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% are married couples living together, 21.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% are non-families. 33.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.50 and the average family size is 3.25.
According to the 2000 Census, there were at least 1,408 same-sex households in Milwaukee which accounts for 0.6% of all households in the city.[23] Gay-friendly communities have developed in primarily in Walker's Point, but also in Bay View, Historic Third Ward, Riverwest, and the East Side. In 2001, Milwaukee was named the #1 city for lesbians by Girlfriends magazine.[24]
In the city the population is spread out with 28.6% under the age of 18, 12.2% from 18 to 24, 30.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $32,216, and the median income for a family is $37,879. Males have a median income of $32,244 versus $26,013 for females. The per capita income for the city is $16,181. 21.3% of the population and 17.4% of families are below the poverty line. Despite the high poverty rates, in 2010, home renters of Milwaukee faced an increasing rate for rent, up 3%.[25] Out of the total population, 31.6% of those under the age of 18 and 11.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Race and ethnicity[link]
According to the 2010 Census, 44.8% of the population was White (37.0% non-Hispanic white), 40.0% was Black or African American, 0.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.5% Asian, 3.4% from two or more races. 17.3% of Milwaukee's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).[26]
According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, 38.3% of Milwaukee's residents reported having African American ancestry and 20.8% reported German ancestry. Other significant population groups include Polish (8.8%), Irish (6.5%), Italian (3.6%), English (2.8%), and French (1.7%). Hispanics makeup 15.7% of the population.[27]
The metropolitan area was cited as being the most segregated in the U.S. in a Jet Magazine article in 2002.[28] The source of this information was a segregation index developed in the mid 1950s and used since 1964. In 2003, a non-peer reviewed study was conducted by hired researchers at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee which claimed that Milwaukee is not "hypersegregated" and instead ranks as the 43rd most integrated city in America.[29] In 2011, according to an article by Daniel Denvir at www.salon.org, John Paul Dewitt of censusscope.org and the University of Michigan's Social Science Data Analysis Network looks at census data and finds Milwaukee to be the most segregated urban area in the US.[30] Through continued dialogue between Milwaukee's citizens, the city is making an effort to reduce racial tensions and reduce the rate of segregation.[31] With demographic changes in the wake of white flight, segregation in metropolitan Milwaukee is primarily in the suburbs rather than the city as in the era of Father Groppi.[32][33]
Religion[link]
The Association of Religion Data Archives reported on the religious composition of the Milwaukee-Racine area as of 2000.[34] Approximately 55% of residents were adherents to one of the 188 groups included in the data.
Of them, 58% were Catholic, 23% Lutheran, 3% Methodist, and 2.5% Jewish. Others included adherents to other Protestant denominations, Orthodox churches, and Eastern religions. Historically African-American denominations were not included in the data.
Milwaukee is home to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Milwaukee, and the Episcopal Diocese of Milwaukee. The School Sisters of the Third Order of St Francis have their mother house in Milwaukee, and several other religious orders have a significant presence in the area, including the Jesuits and Franciscans. Milwaukee, where Father Josef Kentenich was exiled for 14 years from 1952–1965, is also the center for the Schoenstatt Movement in the United States. St. Joan of Arc Chapel, the oldest church in Milwaukee, is located on the Marquette University campus. St. Josaphat Basilica was the first church to be given the Basilica honor in Wisconsin and the third in the United States. Holy Hill National Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians, located northwest of Milwaukee, in Hartford, Wisconsin, was also made a Basilica in 2006.
Milwaukee is home for several Lutheran Church Synods, including The Greater Milwaukee Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America; the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod (LCMS), which operates Concordia University in Mequon and Milwaukee Lutheran High School, the oldest Lutheran high school in the nation; and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), which was founded in 1850 in Milwaukee and maintains its national headquarters there.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a small, but growing, presence in the Milwaukee area. The Milwaukee area has two stakes, with fourteen wards and four branches among them. The closest temple is the Chicago Illinois Temple. The area is part of the Wisconsin Milwaukee Mission.[35]
In addition, numerous mosques, synagogues, and temples serve Milwaukee's Muslim, Jewish, Hindu, Sikh, Unitarian Universalist, and Buddhist communities.
Masons have various meeting locations in Milwaukee. The Tripoli Shrine Temple and Mosque, located on Wisconsin Avenue, is architecturally inspired by India's Taj Mahal and is home to the headquarters of all Shriner activities in Milwaukee. Completed in 1928, it is on the National Register of Historic Places and one of Milwaukee's most unique landmarks. Shriners, or Shrine Masons, belong to the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America.
Education[link]
Higher education[link]
Milwaukee has one of the highest per capita student populations in North America, ranking 6th among U.S. and Canadian cities in number of college students per 100 residents, according to a January 2000 study from McGill University[36]
Milwaukee area universities and colleges:
- Alverno College
- The Art Institute of Wisconsin
- Bryant and Stratton
- Cardinal Stritch University
- Carroll University (Waukesha)
- Concordia University Wisconsin (Mequon)
- Herzing University
- Marquette University
- Medical College of Wisconsin (Wauwatosa)
- Milwaukee Area Technical College
- Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design
- Milwaukee School of Engineering
- Mount Mary College
- National-Louis University
- Sacred Heart School of Theology (Hales Corners, Wisconsin)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
- University of Wisconsin–Waukesha (Waukesha)
- Wisconsin Lutheran College
Primary and secondary education[link]
Main article: Milwaukee Public Schools
Milwaukee maintains Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS), the largest school district in Wisconsin and thirty third in the nation. As of 2007, it had an enrollment of 89,912 students[37] and as of 2006 employed 11,100 full-time and substitute teachers in 323 schools. Milwaukee Public Schools operate as magnet schools, with individualized specialty areas for interests in academics or the arts. Washington High School, Riverside University High School, Rufus King High School, Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School, Samuel Morse Middle School for the Gifted and Talented, Golda Meir School, Milwaukee High School of the Arts, and Lynde & Harry Bradley Technology and Trade School are some of the magnet schools in Milwaukee. In 2007, 17 MPS high schools appeared on a national list of "dropout factories" - schools where fewer than 60% of freshmen graduate on time.[38] Milwaukee is also home to over two dozen private or parochial high schools (e.g., St. Anthony High School, Divine Savior Holy Angels High School, Thomas More High School, Dominican High School, Messmer High School, Marquette University High School, Milwaukee Lutheran High School, Pius XI High School, St. Joan Antida High School, and University School of Milwaukee among others) and many private and parochial middle and elementary schools.
Of persons in Milwaukee aged 25 and above, 84.5% have a high school diploma, and 27% have a bachelor's degree or higher. (2000)[39]
Government and politics[link]
Main article: Government of Milwaukee
Milwaukee has a mayor-council form of government with a strong-mayor plan. The mayor oversees a Common Council of elected members, each representing one of 15 districts in the city. Milwaukee has a history of giving long tenures to its mayors; from Frank Zeidler to Tom Barrett, the city has had only four mayors in the last 60 years. When 28-year incumbent Henry Maier retired in 1988, he held the record for longest term of service for a city of Milwaukee's size.
Milwaukee has been a Democratic stronghold for more than a century, with Democrats dominating every level of government, except for its Socialist mayors and (for briefer periods) other city and county offices. The city is split among three state Senate districts, each of which is composed of three Assembly districts. All 12 of the officials representing the city in the State Legislature are Democrats. In 2008, Barack Obama won Milwaukee with 77% of the vote.[40]
Milwaukee makes up the overwhelming majority of Wisconsin's 4th congressional district. The district is heavily Democratic. The Democratic primary for the seat is considered more important than the general election.[41] The district is currently represented by Democrat Gwen Moore.
Milwaukee residents elect representatives to the Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors. The current County executive is Chris Abele.
Economy[link]
Milwaukee and its suburbs are the home to the international headquarters of 14 Fortune 1000 companies, including Johnson Controls, Northwestern Mutual, Manpower Inc., Jefferson Wells, Kohl's, Harley-Davidson, Rockwell Automation, Fiserv, Inc., Marshall & Ilsley Corp., Hal Leonard, Wisconsin Energy, Briggs & Stratton, Joy Global, Bucyrus International, A.O. Smith,[42] GE Healthcare Diagnostic Imaging and Clinical Systems and MGIC Investments. The Milwaukee metropolitan area ranks fifth in the United States in terms of the number of Fortune 500 company headquarters as a share of the population. Milwaukee also has a large number of financial service firms, particularly those specializing in mutual funds and transaction processing systems, and a number of publishing and printing companies. The Milwaukee area is also the headquarters of American Signal Corporation, the American Society for Quality, Bucyrus International, the Koss Corporation, Harken, Lesaffre Yeast Corporation, Evinrude Outboard Motors (Sturtevant, Wisconsin) and Master Lock.
Service and managerial jobs are the fastest-growing segments of the Milwaukee economy, and health care alone makes up 27% the jobs in the city.[43]
In 2009, five Milwaukee-area companies were selected as leaders in their industries as Fortune magazine recognized “The World’s Most-Admired Companies.” Two Milwaukee companies ranked second in their field: Manpower Inc. in the temporary help industry and Northwestern Mutual in life and health insurance. Johnson Controls Inc., Glendale, placed fourth among motor-vehicle parts firms. Ranked fifth were Fiserv Inc., Brookfield, in financial data services and Kohl’s Corp., Menomonee Falls, among general merchandisers.[44]
Brewing[link]
Milwaukee became synonymous with Germans and beer beginning in the 1850s. The Germans had long enjoyed beer and set up breweries when they arrived in Milwaukee. By 1856, there were more than two dozen breweries in Milwaukee, most of them German-owned and -operated. Besides making beer for the rest of the nation, Milwaukeeans enjoyed consuming the various beers produced in the city's breweries. As early as 1843, pioneer historian James Buck recorded 138 taverns in Milwaukee, an average of one per forty residents. Beer halls and taverns are abundant in the city to this day although only one of the major breweries—Miller—remains in Milwaukee.[45]
Milwaukee's founding fathers had a vision for the city. They knew it was perfectly situated as a port city, a center for collecting and distributing produce. Many of the new immigrants who were pouring into the new state of Wisconsin during the middle of the 19th century were wheat farmers. By 1860, Wisconsin was the second ranked wheat-growing state in the country and Milwaukee shipped more wheat than any place in the world. Railroads were needed to transport all this grain from the wheat fields of Wisconsin to Milwaukee's harbor. Improvements in railways at the time made this possible.
There was intense competition for markets with Chicago, and to a lesser degree, with Racine and Kenosha. Eventually Chicago won out. Due to its superior position on major railroad lines connecting east and west, Chicago had a distinct advantage over Milwaukee. The wheat market though, guaranteed Milwaukee's place as the commercial capital of Wisconsin.[45]
Milwaukee was once the home to four of the world's largest breweries (Schlitz, Blatz, Pabst, and Miller), and was the number one beer producing city in the world for many years. Despite the decline in its position as the world's leading beer producer after the loss of two of those breweries, its one remaining major brewery, Miller Brewing Company remains a key employer by employing over 2,200 of the city's workers.[46] Because of Miller's solid position as the second-largest beer-maker in the U.S., the city remains known as a beer town despite now only representing a fraction of its economy.
The historic Milwaukee Brewery, located in "Miller Valley" at 4000 West State Street, is the oldest still-functioning major brewery in the United States. In July 2008, it was announced that Coors beer would be added to the list of beers brewed in Miller Valley. This created additional brewery jobs in Milwaukee, as its world headquarters moved 100 miles (160 km) south from Milwaukee to Chicago.
Besides Miller and the heavily-automated Leinenkugel's brewery in the old Blatz 10th Street plant, the only other currently operating stand-alone breweries in Milwaukee are Milwaukee Brewing Company, a microbrewery in Walker's Point neighborhood, and Lakefront Brewery, a microbrewery located in Brewers Hill. The suburb of Glendale is home to Sprecher Brewery, another locally popular microbrew. Various brewpubs can be found throughout the Milwaukee area, including Milwaukee Ale House and Water Street Brewery.
Three beer brewers with Wisconsin operations made the 2009 list of the 50 largest beermakers in the United States, based on beer sales volume. Making the latest big-breweries list from Wisconsin is MillerCoors at No. 2. MillerCoors is a joint venture formed last year by Milwaukee-based Miller Brewing Co. and Golden, Colorado-based Molson Coors Brewing Company. The Minhas Craft Brewery in Monroe, Wisconsin which brews Huber, Rhinelander and Mountain Crest brands, ranked No. 14 and New Glarus Brewing Company., New Glarus, Wisconsin whose brands include Spotted Cow, Fat Squirrel and Uff-da, ranked No. 32.[47]
Happy Days and Laverne and Shirley, two sitcoms that aired on ABC in the 1970s and 1980s, were set in Milwaukee, and often used the Milwaukee breweries as a backdrop for the storyline.
Manufacturing[link]
Because of its easy access to Lake Michigan and other waterways, Milwaukee's Menomonee Valley has historically been home to manufacturing, stockyards, rendering plants, shipping, and other heavy industry.
Reshaping of the valley began with the railroads built by city co-founder Byron Kilbourn to bring product from Wisconsin's farm interior to the port. By 1862 Milwaukee was the largest shipper of wheat on the planet, and related industry developed. Grain elevators were built and, due to Milwaukee's dominant German immigrant population, breweries sprang up around the processing of barley and hops. A number of tanneries were constructed, of which the Pfister & Vogel tannery grew to become the largest in America.
In 1843 George Burnham and his brother Jonathan opened a brickyard near 16th Street. When a durable and distinct cream-colored brick came out of the clay beds, other brickyards sprang up to take advantage of this resource. Because many of the city's buildings were built using this material it earned the nickname "Cream City", and consequently the brick was called Cream City brick. By 1881 the Burnham brickyard, which employed 200 men and peaked at 15 million bricks a year, was the largest in the world.
Flour mills, packing plants, breweries, railways and tanneries further industrialized the valley. With the marshlands drained and the Kinnickinnic and Milwaukee Rivers dredged, attention turned to the valley.
Along with the processing industries, bulk commodity storage and machining and manufacturing entered the scene. The valley was home to the Milwaukee Road, Falk Corporation, Cutler-Hammer, Harnischfeger, Chain Belt Company, Nordberg and other industry giants.
Early in the 20th century, Milwaukee was home to several pioneer brass era automobile makers, including Ogren (from 1919 to 1922).[48]
In 2007, three Milwaukee-area companies were among nine firms honored for manufacturing excellence in the Wisconsin Manufacturer of the Year competition. Astronautics Corporation of America and Brady Corporation, both of which have headquarters in Milwaukee, and Wisconsin Plating Works Inc., Racine, each received special awards. Privately held Astronautics, a major supplier of government and commercial avionics, was honored for its high-technology research and development program. Brady, a publicly owned manufacturer of signs, labels and other identification and security products, received an award for corporate excellence. Privately owned Wisconsin Plating Works, which provides metal finishing services, received an award for employee and environmental stewardship. Nominated companies were evaluated in areas such as financial growth or consistency, technological advances, product development, environmental solutions, operational excellence/continuous improvement, commitment to employees, and effective research and development.[49]
In 2009, a group of elected officials and business leaders is trying to entice Boston-Power Inc., a Massachusetts-based battery maker, to open a factory in Milwaukee. Milwaukee Alderman Tony Zielinski has introduced a resolution to have the city of Milwaukee appropriate from $1 million to $20 million for a factory for Boston-Power, the Westborough, Mass.-based manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries for laptop computers, personal digital assistants, mobile telephones and other portable devices. Stimulus package funds are included in the $787 billion stimulus package signed by President Barack Obama for lithium-ion battery development, he said. Boston-Power’s interest in locating a plant in Milwaukee stems in part from the area’s manufacturing heritage and that it’s home to Johnson Controls Inc., the manufacturer has been developing lithium-ion batteries for hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles and electric vehicles.[50]
Health care[link]
Milwaukee's health care industry includes several health systems. The Milwaukee Regional Medical Complex, located between 8700 and 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, is on the Milwaukee County grounds. This area includes the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Froedtert Hospital, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, the Ronald McDonald House, Curative Rehabilitation, and the Medical College of Wisconsin. Aurora Health Care includes St. Luke's Medical Center, Aurora Sinai Medical Center, West Allis Memorial, and St. Luke's SouthShore. Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare includes St. Joseph's Hospital, Elmbrook Memorial (Brookfield), and others in the Milwaukee area. Columbia St. Mary's Hospital is on Milwaukee's lakeshore and has established affiliations with Froedtert Hospital and the Medical College of Wisconsin. The Medical College of Wisconsin is one of two medical schools in Wisconsin and the only one in Milwaukee.
Other health care non-profit organizations in Milwaukee include national headquarters of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology and the Endometriosis Association.
Tourism[link]
Milwaukee is a popular venue for Lake Michigan sailing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, ethnic dining, and cultural festivals. Often referred to as the City of Festivals, Milwaukee has various cultural events which take place throughout the summer at Meir Festival Park, on the lake. Museums and cultural events, such as Jazz in the Park, occur weekly in downtown parks.
Crime[link]
For several years, Milwaukee ranked among the ten most dangerous large cities in the United States.[51][52] However, despite its improvement, Milwaukee still fares worse than average when comparing specific crime types to the national average (e.g., homicide, rape, robbery); only aggravated assaults occur less frequently in Milwaukee than the national average.[53][54]
Also showing encouraging progress is Milwaukee’s confrontation of gang activity. A story in Milwaukee Magazine documented
“tens of thousands of gang members in the city – black, white, Latino and Asian gangs – all involved in some way in the drug trade and almost all riddled with rats - hundreds of informants reporting back to the cops in the Milwaukee Police Department’s Gang Unit.”
The unit was reactivated in 2004 after Police Chief Nannette Hegerty was sworn into office. In 2006 alone, the story noted, some 4,000 charges were brought against criminals through Milwaukee’s Gang Unit.[55]
Author Mitchell Nevin's book The Cozen Protocol describes an ongoing war over drug turf between two Latino gangs on Milwaukee's near south side.[56] Although fictional, The Cozen Protocol blends actual incidents of major crimes into the overall plot and incorporates the personality traits of law enforcment officials into the novel's characters.[57] One respected law enforcement veteran sees The Cozen Protocol as a solid depiction of the city's gang subculture.[58]
Culture[link]
Museums[link]
Milwaukee is home to a wide variety of museums:
Art[link]
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- The Milwaukee Art Museum is perhaps Milwaukee's most visually prominent cultural attraction; especially its $100 million wing designed by Santiago Calatrava in his first American commission.[59] The museum includes a "brise soleil," a moving sunscreen that unfolds similar to the wing of a bird.
- The Grohmann Museum, at Milwaukee School of Engineering is home to the world's most comprehensive art collection dedicated to the evolution of human work. It houses the Man at Work collection, which comprises more than 700 paintings and sculptures dating from 1580 to the present. The museum also features a spectacular rooftop sculpture garden.
- Haggerty Museum of Art, located on the Marquette University campus houses several classical masterpieces and is open to the public.
- Villa Terrace Decorative Arts Museum
- Charles Allis Art Museum
- William F. Eisner Museum of Advertising & Design
Science and natural history[link]
- The Milwaukee Public Museum has been Milwaukee's primary natural history and human history museum for 125 years, with over 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of permanent exhibits.[60] Exhibits feature Africa, Europe, the Arctic, and South and Middle America, dinosaurs from 65 million years ago, the tropical rainforest, streets of Old Milwaukee, a European Village, a Sampson Gorilla replica, the Puelicher Butterfly Wing, hands-on laboratories, and animatronics. The Museum also has an IMAX movie theater/planetarium. Milwaukee Public Museum is home to the world’s largest dinosaur skull.
- Discovery World, Milwaukee's largest museum dedicated to science, is just south of the Milwaukee Art Museum along the lake front. Visitors are drawn by its high-tech, hand-on exhibits, salt water and freshwater aquariums, as well as touch tanks and digital theaters. A double-helix staircase wraps around the 40-foot (12 m) kinetic sculpture of a human genome. The S/V Dennis Sullivan Schooner Ship docked at Discovery World is the world's only re-creation of a 1880s-era three-masted vessel and the first schooner to be built in Milwaukee in over 100 years. It teaches visitors about the Great Lakes and Wisconsin's maritime history.
- Betty Brinn Children's Museum is geared toward children under 10 and is filled with hands-on exhibits and interactive programs, offering families a chance to learn together. Voted one of the top 10 museums for children by Parents Magazine, it exemplifies the philosophy that constructive play nurtures the mind.
- Mitchell Park Horticultural Conservatory (Mitchell Park Domes or, simply, The Domes) is a conservatory located at Mitchell Park. It is owned and operated by the Milwaukee County Park System, and replaced the original Milwaukee Conservatory which stood from 1898 to 1955. The three domes display a large variety of plant and bird life. The conservatory includes the Tropical Dome, the Arid Dome, and the Show Dome, which hosts four seasonal (cultural, literary, or historic) shows and one Christmas exhibit held annually in December for visitors to enjoy.
Social and cultural history[link]
- Pabst Mansion Built in 1892 by beer tycoon Frederick Pabst, this Flemish Renaissance Mansion was once considered the jewel of Milwaukee's famous avenue of mansions called the "Grand Avenue". Interior rooms restored with period furniture, to create an authentic replica of a Victorian Mansion. Nationally recognized as a house museum.
- Milwaukee County Historical Society features Milwaukee during the late 19th century through the mid-20th century. Housed within an architectural landmark, the Milwaukee's Historical Society features a panoramic painting of Milwaukee, firefighting equipment, period replicas of a pharmacy and a bank, and Children's world - an exhibit that includes vintage toys, clothes and school materials. The museum houses a research library, where scenes from the movie Public Enemies were shot.
- Wisconsin Black Historical Society, whose mission is to document and preserve the historical heritage of African descent in Wisconsin, exhibiting collecting and disseminating materials depicting this heritage.
- America's Black Holocaust Museum, founded by lynching survivor James Cameron, features exhibits which chronicle the injustices suffered throughout history by African Americans in the United States. The museum closed temporarily in July 2008 as a result of financial difficulties; no formal re-opening date had been set.[61]
- Jewish Museum Milwaukee is dedicated to preserving and presenting the history of the Jewish people in southeastern Wisconsin and celebrating the continuum of Jewish heritage and culture.
- Mitchell Gallery of Flight, Located at General Mitchell International Airport, Milwaukee's aviation and historical enthusiasts experience the history of General Mitchell International Airport with a visit to the Gallery of Flight. Exhibits include General Billy Mitchell; replicas of past and present aircraft including the Lawson Airline, the first commercial airliner; the Graf Zeppelin II, the sistership to the tragically legendary Hindenburg; a 1911 Curtis Pusher, an airplane with the propeller in the rear of the plane; and the present day giant of the sky, the 747. Other exhibits include commercial air memorabilia, early aviation engines and airport beacons.
- Harley-Davidson Museum, opened in 2008, pays tribute to Harley-Davidson motorcycles and is the only museum of its type in the world.
Arenas and performing arts[link]
Milwaukee is home to a number of musical groups and venues, including:
- First Stage Children's Theater
- Festival City Symphony
- Florentine Opera
- Marcus Center for the Performing Arts
- Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra
- Milwaukee Theatre
- Milwaukee Youth Arts Center
- Milwaukee Ballet
- Milwaukee Repertory Theater
- Milwaukee Shakespeare
- Carte Blanche Studios Theatre
- Milwaukee Youth Theatre
- Pabst Theater
- Pioneer Drum and Bugle Corps
- The Rave /Eagles Ballroom
- Riverside Theater
- Skylight Opera Theatre
- Wisconsin Conservatory of Music
- Turner Hall
- Bradley Center
- Miller Park
- Marcus Amphitheater on the Henry Maier Festival Park Summerfest Grounds
In 1984 ComedySportz was founded in Milwaukee by native Dick Chudnow and has since become a franchise, with numerous venues throughout the United States and England. In July 2009 the ComedySportz world championship returned to Milwaukee to coincide with their 25th anniversary.
-
The Rave/Eagles Ballroom
Public art and monuments[link]
Milwaukee has some 75 sculptures to honor the many people and topics reflecting the city's history.[62] Among the more prominent monuments are:
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
- Tadeusz Kościuszko
- Casimir Pulaski
- Solomon Juneau
- Abraham Lincoln
- George Washington
- Arthur "The Fonz" Fonzarelli
- Pope John Paul II
- Martin Luther King Jr.
- The Victorious Charge
- Leif Ericson
- Jacques Marquette
- Goethe-Schiller Monument
- Immigrant Mother
- Memorial to the Postal Carriers Union
- Memorial to the three workers who died in the "Big Blue" crane accident at Miller Park
-
Leif Ericson monument
-
Tadeusz Kościuszko monument in Kosciuszko Park in Historic Lincoln Village.
City of Festivals[link]
While Milwaukee had been previously marketed as "A Genuine American City" as well as "A Great Place on a Great Lake," it has earned the nickname, the "City of Festivals."
The city hosts the Wisconsin State Fair, as well as an annual lakefront fair called Summerfest. Listed in the 1999 Guinness Book of World Records as the largest music festival in the world, for the last several years Summerfest has attracted around a million visitors each year to its eleven stages.
Milwaukee is home to a variety of primarily ethnically themed festivals throughout the summer. Held generally on the lakefront Summerfest grounds, these festivals span several days (typically Friday plus the weekend) and celebrate Milwaukee's history and diversity. In 2008 Riversplash, which markets itself as 'the official opening of summer', kicks off festival season on the last weekend of May. Festivals for the LGBT (PrideFest) and Polish (Polish Fest) communities follow in June. Summerfest spans 11 days at the end of June and beginning of July. Milwaukee hosts the Great Circus Parade in July. In 1960, the Shamrock Club of Wisconsin was started in Milwaukee with chapters in other parts of the state. There are French (Bastille Days), Greek, Italian (Festa Italiana) and German (German Fest) festivals in July. The African, Arab, Irish, Mexican, and American Indian events wrap it up from August through September.[63] Milwaukee is also home to Trainfest, the largest operating model railroad show in America, in November.
Cuisine[link]
Milwaukee's ethnic cuisines include German, Italian, Russian, Hmong, French, Serbian, Polish, Thai, Japanese, Chinese, Mexican, Indian, Korean, Vietnamese, Turkish, Middle Eastern and Ethiopian.
Famous Chef Julia Child visited Milwaukee and selected Milwaukee native chef Sanford D'Amato to cook for her 80th birthday.[64] D'Amato, trained in New York City, is the executive chef for Milwaukee's five star restaurant Sanford, and Coquette Cafe Milwaukee.[64]
Milwaukee County hosts the Zoo-A La Carte at the Milwaukee County Zoo, and various ethnic festivals like Summerfest, German Fest, and Festa Italiana to celebrate various types of cuisine in summer months.
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Milwaukee
Milwaukee has a long history of musical activity. The first organized musical society, called "Milwaukee Beethoven Society" formed in 1843, three years before the city was incorporated.[65]
The large concentrations of German and other European immigrants contributed to the musical character of the city. Saengerfesten were held regularly.[66]
In the early 1900s guitar legend Les Paul, and pianist Liberace were some of the area's most famous musicians. Both Paul, born in Waukesha, and Liberace, born in West Allis, launched their internationally recognized careers in Milwaukee music venues. Paramount Records, primarily a jazz and blues record label, was founded in Grafton, a northern suburb of Milwaukee, in the 1920s and 1930s. Hal Leonard Corporation, founded in 1947 is one of the worlds largest music print publishers, and is headquartered in Milwaukee. The Hal Leonard Guitar Method was launched in Milwaukee becoming one of the first methods to incorporate popular music. The course today remains the leading guitar method in the world; it has taught millions of people how to play. Today, Hal Leonard represents in print some of the world's best known and most respected artists, such as: Aerosmith, Johnny Cash, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Billy Joel, Elton John, B.B. King, Nirvana, Tom Petty, Pink Floyd, The Police, Elvis Presley, Queen, Bonnie Raitt, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Frank Sinatra, Sting, U2, Stevie Ray Vaughan, The Who, Hank Williams, Stevie Wonder, and others.[67] More recently, Milwaukee has enjoyed a vibrant history of rock, hip hop, jazz, soul, blues, punk, ska, industrial music, electronica, world music, and pop music bands.
Milwaukee's most famous music venue is Summerfest. Summerfest claims to be the world's largest music festival and was founded in Milwaukee in 1968. Live musical acts are offered on 11 stages, for 11 days beginning in late June. On the Summerfest grounds, the largest theater in the city is the Marcus Amphitheater with a 23,000 person capacity.
Venues such as Pabst Theater, Marcus Center for Performing Arts, the Helene Zelazo Center for the Performing Arts, Marcus Amphitheater (Summerfest Grounds), Riverside Theater, the Northern Lights Theater, and The Rave frequently bring internationally-known acts to Milwaukee. 'Jazz in the Park', a weekly jazz show held at downtown Cathedral Square Park, has become a summer tradition; free, public performances with a picnic environment.[68] Nearby Pere Marquette Park hosts "River Rhythms" on Wednesday nights.
The Milwaukee area is known for producing national talents such as Steve Miller (rock), Wladziu Valentino Liberace (piano), Al Jarreau (jazz), Eric Benet (neo-soul), Speech (hip hop), Daryl Stuermer (rock), BoDeans (rock), Les Paul (rock), the Violent Femmes (alternative), Coo Coo Cal (rap), Die Kreuzen (punk), Andy Hurley of Fall Out Boy (punk), Eyes To The Sky (hardcore), Rico Love (rap), Andrew 'The Butcher' Mrotek of The Academy Is... (alt-rock), The Promise Ring (indie), the Gufs (alt rock) and Decibully (indie).
Municipal wireless[link]
Through its Milwaukee Wireless Initiative, the city has contracted with Midwest Fiber Networks to invest US$20 million in setting up a municipal wireless network city-wide. Under the plan, the city will designate numerous government and public service websites for free access, and city residents will be able to access unlimited content for a monthly fee. Full wireless coverage was expected by March 2008,[69] but delays have been reported.[70]
The city had previously established free wireless networks in two downtown city parks: Cathedral Square; and Pere Marquette Park.[71][72][73]
Parks and recreation[link]
Main article: Parks of Milwaukee
Milwaukee County is known for its well-developed Parks of Milwaukee park system.[74] The "Grand Necklace of Parks", designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, designer of New York's Central Park, includes Lake Park, River Park (now Riverside Park), and West Park (now Washington Park). Milwaukee County Parks offer facilities for sunbathing, picnics, grilling, disc golf, and ice skating.[75] Milwaukee has over 140 parks with over 15,000 acres (6,100 ha) of parks and parkways.
Parks and nature centers[link]
The Monarch Trail, located on the Milwaukee County Grounds in Wauwatosa, is a 1.25-mile (2 km) trail that highlights the fall migration of the Monarch butterflies.[76]
During the summer months, Cathedral Park in Downtown Milwaukee is home to "Jazz in the Park" on Thursday nights.[77] Nearby Pere Marquette Park hosts "River Rhythms" on Wednesday nights.
Milwaukee County public markets[link]
Milwaukee Public Market, located in the Third Ward neighborhood, is an indoor market that sells produce, seafood, meats, cheeses, vegetables, candies, and flowers from local businesses.
Milwaukee County Farmers Markets, held in season, sell fresh produce, meats, cheeses, jams, jellies, preserves and syrups, and plants. Farmers markets also feature artists and craftspeople. Locations include: Aur Farmers Market, Brown Deer Farmers Market, Cudahy Farmers Market, East Town Farm Market, Fondy Farmers Market, Mitchell Street Market, Riverwest Farmers Market, Silver Spring Farmers Market, South Milwaukee Farmers Market, South Shore Farmers Market, Uptown Farmers Market, Wauwatosa Farmers Market, West Allis Farmers Market, and Westown Market on the Park.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Milwaukee
Milwaukee has a rich history of involvement in professional and nonprofessional sports, since the nineteenth century. Abraham Lincoln watched cricket in Milwaukee in 1849 when he attended a game between Chicago and Milwaukee. In 1854, the Milwaukee Cricket Club had 150 members.[78] Currently, Milwaukee's sports teams include:
| Club | Sport | Founded | Current League | Stadium |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milwaukee Brewers | Baseball | 1969 (moved to Milwaukee in 1970) |
National League (MLB) | Miller Park |
| Milwaukee Bucks | Basketball | 1968 | National Basketball Association | Bradley Center |
| Milwaukee Admirals | Hockey | 1970 | American Hockey League | Bradley Center |
| Milwaukee Wave | Indoor soccer | 1984 | Major Indoor Soccer League (2009) | U.S. Cellular Arena |
| Milwaukee Mustangs | Arena football | 2009 | Arena Football League | Bradley Center |
| Milwaukee Bavarians | Soccer | 2003 | National Premier Soccer League | Bavarian Soccer Club |
| Milwaukee Blast | Basketball | 2011 | American Basketball Association | Wisconsin Lutheran College |
| Milwaukee Marauders | Semi-Pro Football | 2005 est. | North American Football League | Milwaukee Sports Complex |
| Milwaukee Momentum | Women's American Football | National Women's Football Association | ||
| Milwaukee Bombers | Australian Rules Football | Mid American Australian Football League |
Milwaukee is the host city of The Point Premium Root Beer International Cycling Classic, presented by Time Warner Cable, which includes the men's and women's Superweek Pro Tour races, featuring top professional and elite amateur cyclists and teams from across the U.S. and more than 20 foreign countries.
Between 1933 and 1994 the Green Bay Packers of the NFL split their home games between Green Bay and Milwaukee.
Jeff "Duke" Roufus (born 1970) is an American former kickboxer who is now one of the top trainers of UFC fighters as head coach of the legendary Roufusport competition team based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin USA. He is one of the most recognizable striking coaches in North America, and is considered to be one of the top trainers of Muay Thai outside of Thailand. Following his retirement, he has become an accomplished trainer, working with many UFC/WEC stars including current WEC World Lightweight Champion Anthony Pettis, Alan Belcher, Pat Barry, Erik Koch, Ben Rothwell and Matt Mitrione. Former students include former UFC Lightweight Champion Jens Pulver and The Ultimate Fighter Season One star Stephan Bonnar.
Transportation[link]
Air[link]
.JPG)
Milwaukee is home to two airports, General Mitchell International Airport on the southern edge of the city, and the smaller Timmerman Field on the north side. Mitchell is served by 12 airlines, which offer roughly 240 daily departures and 245 daily arrivals. Approximately 90 cities are served nonstop or direct from Mitchell International. It is the largest airport in Wisconsin and the 34th largest in the nation.[79] The airport terminal is open 24 hours a day. Since 2005, Mitchell International Airport has been connected by the Amtrak Hiawatha train service, which provides airport access via train to Chicago and downtown Milwaukee. Southwest, Frontier, Continental, AirTran, American Airlines, United Airlines, Air Canada and Delta Air Lines are amongst the carriers using Milwaukee's General Mitchell International Airport gates.[80] In 2011, Airports Council International stated that Mitchell was in the top 30 fastest growing airports in the world, serving 844,453 passengers in the month of April 2011 alone. Reasons for the airport's fast growth revolve primarily around the fact that the average cost for an outbound flight at Mitchell Intl was $78 less than the national average.[79]
Train and bus[link]
Milwaukee's Amtrak station was renovated in 2007 to create the Milwaukee Intermodal Station near downtown Milwaukee and the Third Ward. The renovated station is home to Amtrak, Greyhound Lines, and Jefferson Lines intercity bus transportation. Milwaukee is served by the Hiawatha Amtrak express service up to seven times daily between downtown Milwaukee and downtown Chicago, including a stop at the Milwaukee Airport Railroad Station, Sturtevant, WI near Racine, WI, Glenview, IL. Amtrak operates its Empire Builder passenger train daily between Chicago and the Pacific Northwest, with stops near Madison, Wisconsin Dells and Minneapolis. In 2010, $800 million in federal funds were allocated to the creation of high speed rail links from Milwaukee to Chicago and Madison;[81] but the funds were eventually rejected by newly-elected Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker.[82]
The Badger Bus and station in downtown Milwaukee provides bus service between Milwaukee and Madison, Wisconsin. Stops include the UW–Madison Memorial Union, Madison Bus Depot, Johnson Creek, Goerkes Corners, Milwaukee 84th St, Milwaukee Bus Depot (downtown Milwaukee), and Milwaukee Airport.
The Milwaukee County Transit System provides bus services within Milwaukee County.
Highway[link]
Two of Wisconsin's Interstate highways intersect in Milwaukee. Interstate 94 comes north from Chicago to enter Milwaukee and continues west to Madison. Interstate 43 enters Milwaukee from the southwest and continues north to Green Bay. Milwaukee has two branch interstate highways, Interstate 894 and Interstate 794. I-894 extends from the western suburbs to the southern suburbs, bypassing downtown. I-794 extends east from the Marquette Interchange to Lake Michigan before turning south over the Hoan Bridge toward the airport, turning into Highway 794 along the way. Milwaukee is also served by three US highways. U.S. Route 18 provides a link from downtown to points west. U.S. Route 41 and U.S. Route 45 both provide north-south freeway transportation on the western side of the city.
In 2010, the Milwaukee area was ranked the 4th best city for commuters by Forbes.[83]
Water[link]
File:Lake express terminal.jpg
The Lake Express Terminal
See also: Lake Express
Milwaukee connects with Muskegon, Michigan through the Lake Express high-speed auto and passenger ferry. The Lake Express travels across Lake Michigan from late spring to the fall of each year.
Bicycle[link]
Milwaukee has over 65 miles (105 km) of bicycle lanes and trails, most of which run alongside or near its rivers and Lake Michigan. The Oak Leaf Trail, a multi-use recreational trail, provides bicycle trails throughout the city and county. Still pending are the creation of bicycle lanes along major commuting routes, such as the Hoan Bridge connector between downtown and the suburbs to the south. The city has also identified over 250 miles (400 km) of streets on which bike lanes will fit. It has created a plan labeling 145 miles (233 km) of those as high priority for receiving bike lanes.[84] As part of the city's Bicycle and Pedestrian Task Force's mission to "make Milwaukee more bicycle and pedestrian friendly", over 700 bike racks have been installed throughout the city.[85] The Bicycle Federation of Wisconsin holds an annual Bike to Work Week. The event, held in May each year, has frequently featured a commuter race between a car, a bus, and a bike; and also a morning ride into work with the mayor. In 2006, Milwaukee obtained bronze-level status from the League of American Bicyclists,[86] a rarity for a city its size.[87]
Starting on June 4, 2009, the Milwaukee County Transit System has begun installing bicycle racks to the front of county buses.[88] This "green" effort has been done, in part, with hopes of settling an asbestos lawsuit leveled by the state at the county in 2006.[89] The lawsuit cites the release of asbestos into the environment when the Courthouse Annex was demolished.[90]
Walkability[link]
A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Milwaukee 15th most walkable of fifty largest U.S. cities.[91]
Future transportation[link]
Tram[link]
A tram system known as the Milwaukee Connector was proposed and passed by the Common Council, but Mayor Tom Barrett vetoed the bill because of problems of cost and availability. A modern streetcar is now planned to connect the Milwaukee Intermodal Station, downtown Milwaukee, and Ogden Ave. The project is projected to cost $64.9 million and open in Fall 2014.[92]
Commuter Rail[link]
A 0.5% sales tax was proposed for the counties of Milwaukee, Racine, and Kenosha by the Southeast Wisconsin Regional Transit Authority to fund the KRM (Kenosha-Racine-Milwaukee) Commuter Rail project serving those cities as well as several other stops on the route. A connection to Metra commuter rail in Kenosha was planned with some trains continuing to Chicago. In Milwaukee, the line was to terminate at the Milwaukee Intermodal Station. In June 2011, authorizing legislation for regional transit authorities in Wisconson was repealed, leading to the dissolution of the Southeastern Regional Transit Authority, which was leading the commuter rail planning. The project is currently on indefinite hold.[93]
High-Speed Rail[link]
In 2009, Wisconsin Gov. Jim Doyle, with seven other governors of Midwestern states and then-Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley, joined in bipartisan support of a high-speed rail network that would link cities around the region. Milwaukee would be connected to Madison and Chicago as part of the first phase of the system. “President Obama’s vision of making high-speed rail a part of our nation’s future transportation network holds great promise”, Doyle and co-signers wrote in a letter to U.S. Department of Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood. “We recognize that a high-speed rail network has the potential to reduce highway and airway congestion, greenhouse gas emissions and the nation’s dependence on foreign oil.” Governors Pat Quinn of Illinois, Jay Nixon of Missouri, Mitch Daniels of Indiana, Chet Culver of Iowa, Jennifer Granholm of Michigan, Ted Strickland of Ohio and Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota were co-signers of the letter. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds and mandates high-speed passenger rail and the Midwestern network would include 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of existing rights of way to connect cities with trains capable of at least 110 miles per hour (180 km/h). Chicago would serve as the hub, just as it does for freight. The rail network would link large and small metropolitan areas, airports, bus stations and highways.[94] The administration of President Barack Obama announced $823 million in federal stimulus spending to build high-speed rail for the southern half of Wisconsin. The rail line connecting Milwaukee and Madison, which Governor Jim Doyle touted as revolutionary, would have started out at roughly 79 mph (127 km/h) when it would have begun in 2013 and would not have reached its top speed of 110 mph (180 km/h) for at least several years. The state's application for the federal funds put the acceleration in 2016, when the line was expected to expand to the Twin Cities.[95] In 2011, the project was ended by Doyle's successor, Scott Walker.
Media[link]
Milwaukee's only surviving daily newspaper is the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel which was formed when the morning paper the Milwaukee Sentinel merged with the afternoon paper Milwaukee Journal. The most prominent alternative weekly is Shepherd Express, a free publication. Other local newspapers, city guides and magazines with large distributions include M Magazine, Milwaukee Magazine, The Bay View Compass, and Riverwest Currents. OnMilwaukee.com is an online magazine providing news and events. The UWM Post is the independent, student-run weekly at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The Onion, a weekly satirical publication, is distributed free in Milwaukee (one of the paper's earliest markets) in addition to nine other U.S. cities.[96] A new media outlet has emerged that coveres Milwaukee . Wisconsin Internet News
Milwaukee's major network television affiliates are WTMJ 4 (NBC), WITI 6 (Fox), WISN 12 (ABC), WVTV 18 (CW), WCGV 24 (MyNetworkTV), and WDJT 58 (CBS). Spanish language programming is on WBWT 38 (Azteca America) and WYTU-LP 63 (Telemundo). Milwaukee's public broadcasting stations are WMVS 10 and WMVT 36.
Other television stations in the Milwaukee market include WMKE 7 (America One), WVCY 30 (FN), WMLW 41 (Independent), WBME 49 (Me-TV), WWRS 52 (TBN), Sportsman Channel, and WPXE 55 (ION)
There are numerous radio stations throughout Milwaukee and the surrounding area.
Journal Communications (a NYSE-traded corporation), in addition to owning the Journal Sentinel, also owns: WTMJ-TV; WTMJ and WLWK radio stations; and well over a dozen local weekly newspapers in the metropolitan area, all with a consistently conservative editorial bias. As a result, it has been repeatedly criticized for having a near-monopoly in local news coverage.,[97][98][99] with critics concerned about a certain uniformity of thought and coverage, as well as to lack of coverage of topics unfriendly to Journal Communications interests in such matters as labor disputes.[100] Journal Communications at one point created an ersatz "alternative weekly", MKE, which failed due to a lack of credibility as an "alternative" to its own parent company.[101]
Sister cities[link]
The city of Milwaukee has several sister cities as designated by Sister Cities International and Milwaukee's Sister Cities:[102]
Białystok, Poland
Carora, Venezuela
Galway, Co. Galway, Republic of Ireland
Kanpur, India[103]
Manisa, Turkey
Morogoro, Tanzania
Nuevitas, Camagüey, Cuba
Omsk, Russia
Tiberias, Israel
Schwerin, Germany
uMhlathuze, South Africa
Maebashi Nishi, Japan
Cooperation[link]
Although this relationship is not recognized by SCI, officials from Milwaukee and Ningbo have signed an agreement to promote business and cultural ties between the two cities and their respective nations.[104]
In popular culture[link]
- Milwaukee was the setting of the 2011 film, "Bridesmaids."
- Milwaukee was the setting for popular American television shows in the 1970s and 1980s, including Happy Days and Laverne and Shirley. Milwaukee unveiled a life-sized, bronze statue of Fonzie from Happy Days along the downtown Riverwalk on August 19, 2008 to mixed reaction.[105]
- The comic book superheros Great Lakes Avengers keep their base of operations in Milwaukee.
- The Futurama episode Love & Rocket has the cast taking a trip to Milwaukee in the year 3002 where it has become known as "The World's Most Romantic City" and "Birthplace of Beer Goggles."
- In The Simpsons episode Sweets and Sour Marge, it is announced that Springfield, home of the Simpsons family, is now America's 'fattest city', prompting Homer Simpson to shout triumphantly "In your face Milwaukee!" (Actually, in 2002, the year the episode was aired, Milwaukee was not even ranked amongst the 20 fattest US cities according to Men's Health).[106]
- In the Mystery Science Theater 3000 series finale, Diabolik, the crew of the Satellite of Love survive a crash into Earth, and Tom Servo, Crow T. Robot, Cambot, and Mike Nelson wind up renting an apartment in Milwaukee. The episode ends as they watch the WTMJ-TV Saturday afternoon movie, The Crawling Eye, an in-joke to the first network TV episode of MST3K.
- Milwaukee appears as a setting under the name Millhaven, Illinois in the later works of Milwaukeean Peter Straub
- In the 1957 film The Prince and the Showgirl, Marilyn Monroe plays an American performer who overhears, and helps to thwart, a plot to overthrow a European monarch. The discussion she overhears is in German, and the plotters disregard her presence as a "dumb blonde" American, but it turns out she is fluent in German because, as she later explains, she's from Milwaukee.
- Milwaukee was one of the audition cities for the 2010-2011 American Idol auditions. The winner of this season, Scotty McCreery, and finalist Naima Adedapo, a Milwaukee native, were also discovered during this audition.
Milwaukee has appeared (or has been depicted) in scenes from a variety of feature films, including:
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See also[link]
- 1947 Wisconsin earthquake
- Excalibur (automobile)
- Flag of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Great Lakes Megalopolis
- List of tallest buildings in Milwaukee
- Milwaukee Flood of 2010
- Neighborhoods of Milwaukee
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Parks of Milwaukee
- Seal of Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Third Coast
People
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- ^ "Metro Milwaukee Demographics". Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080624051603/http://www.mmac.org/display/router.asp?docid=237. Retrieved 2006-03-21.
- ^ http://county.milwaukee.gov/ImageLibrary/Groups/cntyElectCommission/ElectionResults/2008/11408_Canvass_Pres___Vice_Pres.pdf
- ^ Editorial, "4th Congressional District: Moore, Hoze in primaries," Milwaukee Journal Sentinel; September 4, 2004[dead link]
- ^ A.O. Smith locations
- ^ Milwaukee's 10 largest employers[dead link]
- ^ "Local firms among most admired; Free classes for laid-off workers - The Business Journal of Milwaukee". Milwaukee.bizjournals.com. 2009-03-20. http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2009/03/23/tidbits2.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ a b "Milwaukee County Historical Society - Milwaukee Timeline 1800s". Milwaukeehistory.net. http://www.milwaukeehistory.net/milwaukee_timeline/1800s.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Connected to Wisconsin — its people and its economy" (PDF). Miller Brewing Company. February 2005. http://www.millerbrewing.com/images/inthecommunity/pdf/millerWIimpact.pdf.
- ^ "Three state breweries make largest list - The Business Journal of Milwaukee". Milwaukee.bizjournals.com. 2009-04-14. http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2009/04/13/daily23.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Clymer, Floyd (1950). Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books. p. 153.
- ^ "Milwaukee firms win manufacturing excellence awards - The Business Journal of Milwaukee". Milwaukee.bizjournals.com. 2007-03-02. http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2007/03/05/story11.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Rovito, Rich (2009-03-13). "Milwaukee eyed for new factory - The Business Journal of Milwaukee". Milwaukee.bizjournals.com. http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2009/03/16/story1.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ see e.g, Violent crime rankings, 2001 Milwaukee is ranked 7th among large cities
- ^ "Top 25 most dangerous cities, 2007". Morganquitno.com. http://www.morganquitno.com/cit07pop.htm#25. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Milwaukee Crime Report". Cityrating.com. http://www.cityrating.com/citycrime.asp?city=Milwaukee&state=WI. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Up to date Journal Sentinel Homicide Tracker Website
- ^ "Gang Wars - Features". Milwaukee Magazine. http://www.milwaukeemagazine.com/currentIssue/full_feature_story.asp?NewMessageID=11745. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "POLICE BOOKS - Mitchell Nevin". Police-writers.com. http://www.police-writers.com/mitchell_nevin.html. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ Retired MPD Captain Reviews Milwaukee-Based Crime Novel. "Spingola Files » Retired MPD Captain Reviews Milwaukee-Based Crime Novel". Badgerwordsmith.com. http://www.badgerwordsmith.com/spingolafiles/2011/02/09/retired-mpd-captain-reviews-milwaukee-based-crime-novel/. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ Spingola, Steve (2009-10-31). "From the Notebook of a Homicide Detective: A Pyramid of Death". Sleuthwiththeproof.blogspot.com. http://sleuthwiththeproof.blogspot.com/2009/10/pyramid-of-death.html. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ "Museum Info: Santiago Calatrava". Milwaukee Art Museum. http://www.mam.org/info/details/calatrava.php. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- ^ "Permanent Exhibitions". Mpm.edu. http://www.mpm.edu/exhibitions/permanent/index.php. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ blackholocaustmuseum.org - de beste bron van informatie over blackholocaustmuseum. Deze website is te koop!
- ^ "APWA Reporter Online". Apwa.net. http://www.apwa.net/Publications/Reporter/ReporterOnline/index.asp?DISPLAY=ISSUE&ISSUE_DATE=042005&ARTICLE_NUMBER=1028. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ 2008 Major Events Calendar[dead link]
- ^ a b "Index to TV Chef Recipes, Celebrity Chefs and Rising Starchefs". Topchefs.chef2chef.net. http://topchefs.chef2chef.net/recipes-3/damato/index.htm#Bio. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Buck, James S (1890). Pioneer History of Milwaukee. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Swain.
- ^ "National Saengerfest; Great crowds assembling at Milwaukee for the Festival". New York Times July 21, 1886.
- ^ Halleonard.com
- ^ "Easttown: Jazz in the Park". http://www.easttown.com/info/Jazz%20in%20the%20Park/jipindex.
- ^ "Milwaukee Wireless Initiative Needs More To Be Digitally Inclusive". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928083642/http://www.govtech.net/digitalcommunities/story.php?id=102178. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
- ^ "Why Wi-Fi Networks Are Floundering". http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/aug2007/tc20070814_929868.htm?chan=technology_technology+index+page_telecom. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
- ^ Free Wireless Internet Network - WiFi - City of Milwaukee website
- ^ Map of WiFi Hotzones - City of Milwaukee website
- ^ Free to roam: City is establishing wireless Internet networks in two downtown parks - Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
- ^ The Milwaukee County Parks Department was named the 2009 winner of the National Recreation and Park Association's (NRPA) Gold Medal Award in the Park and Recreation Management Program. nrpa.org
- ^ "Milwaukee County Parks". Countyparks.com. 2010-02-22. http://www.countyparks.com. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Johnson, Annysa (2008-09-14). Activists hope engineering school won't disturb Monarch Trail: Thousands of monarchs fly south annually along path through Milwaukee County Grounds. Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel. Retrieved from jsonline.com
- ^ "Jazz In The Park". Urban Milwaukee. http://urbanmilwaukee.com/category/neighborhoods/east-town/cathedral-square/jazz-in-the-park/. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ (Jerome Flannery, The American Cricket Annual for 1890, p9)
- ^ a b [1] WisBusiness:April passenger numbers soar to 20th straight record month.
- ^ [2] Directory of airlines operating out of Mitchell Intl
- ^ Held, Tom (2010-01-28). "Wisconsin lands $800 million for high-speed rail". JSOnline. http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/82864412.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Hubbuch, Chris. "Walker defends rejecting fed funds for passenger rail" La Crosse Tribune December 4, 2011
- ^ Levy, Francesca (2010-02-16). "Best And Worst Cities For Commuters". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/2010/02/12/best-worst-commutes-lifestyle-mass-transit_chart.html?partner=msnlocal. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ City of Milwaukee. "Bike Lanes and Bike Routes". http://www.city.milwaukee.gov/BikeLanesandBikeRout14143.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ City of Milwaukee. "Bicycle and Pedestrian Task Force". http://www.city.milwaukee.gov/BicycleTaskForce3727.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ "League of American Bicyclists * Bicycle Friendly Community Campaign". bicyclefriendlycommunity.org. http://www.bicyclefriendlycommunity.org/AllBicycleFriendlyCommunities.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-02. [dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ Bikes On Buses[dead link]
- ^ County hopes bike racks on buses cancel out asbestos - Plan may settle environmental lawsuit by state Milwaukee Journal
- ^ Rack and Roll OnMilwaukee.com
- ^ "2011 City and Neighborhood Rankings". Walk Score. 2011. http://www.walkscore.com/rankings/cities/. Retrieved Aug 28, 2011.
- ^ "Introduction". Milwaukee Streetcar. http://www.themilwaukeestreetcar.com. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ "KRMonline - Home". Maps.sewrpc.org. 2009-10-05. http://maps.sewrpc.org/KRMonline/. Retrieved 2012-05-12.
- ^ "Governors unite for high-speed rail - The Business Journal of Milwaukee". Milwaukee.bizjournals.com. 2009-04-13. http://milwaukee.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2009/04/13/daily14.html?surround=lfn. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Held, Tom (2010-01-28). "Doyle, mayors laud high-speed rail plan". JSOnline. http://www.jsonline.com/newswatch/83000147.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Onion Media Kit 2006". http://mediakit.theonion.com/print_main.html. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ "Duel in Milwaukee," TIME January 3, 1972, time.com
- ^ Hoffmann, Gregg. "WisBiz In-Depth: Newspaper chain ownership explodes in state". January 31, 2005, wisbusiness.com
- ^ Murphy, Bruce. "Murphy's Law: Can the Journal Sentinel Maintain Its Clout?" Milwaukee Magazine September 10, 2006, milwaukeemagazine.com
- ^ "Why Trust TMJ4" union website whytrustmj4.com
- ^ "Horne, Michael. "MKE To Fold: Publication Never Found Audience"". Milwaukeeworld.com. 2008-06-11. http://www.milwaukeeworld.com/blog/2008/06/mke-to-fold.html. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "Sister Cities International". http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/WI. Retrieved 2006-04-20.
- ^ "Presentation on the City of Kanpur, India relative to establishing a friendly exchange leading to a sister city relationship with the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, given by Dr. Pradeep K. Rohatgi.". http://milwaukee.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=173633&GUID=9230474B-A34F-4360-974A-DF7F0EF0E344&Search=. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Schmid, John (2008-07-21). "New statues are today's mane event". JS Online. http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=774242. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ Tom Daykin (January 25, 2008). "Happy day for 'The Fonz'". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=711484. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Findarticles.com
- ^ Dawn of the Dead (2004) - Goofs
- ^ Up In the Air - JSOnline
- ^ Transformers 3 Wraps at Milwaukee Art Museum, Returns to Chicago This Weekend Transformers
External links[link]
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- City of Milwaukee website
- Greater Milwaukee Convention Bureau
- Metropolitan Milwaukee Association of Commerce
- Milwaukee travel guide from Wikitravel
- Milwaukee Memories
- Milwaukee featured on NPR's State of the Re:Union
Coordinates: 43°03′N 87°57′W / 43.05°N 87.95°W / 43.05; -87.95
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Wisconsin. For the river, see Wisconsin River. For other uses, see Wisconsin (disambiguation).
| State of Wisconsin | |||||
|
|||||
| Nickname(s): Badger State; America's Dairyland | |||||
| Motto(s): Forward | |||||
 |
|||||
| Official language(s) | De jure: None De facto: English |
||||
| Demonym | Wisconsinite | ||||
| Capital | Madison | ||||
| Largest city | Milwaukee | ||||
| Largest metro area | Milwaukee metropolitan area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 23rd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 65,497.82 sq mi (169,639 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 260 miles (420 km) | ||||
| - Length | 310 miles (500 km) | ||||
| - % water | 17 | ||||
| - Latitude | 42° 37′ N to 47° 05′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 86° 46′ W to 92° 53′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 20th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 5,711,767 (2011 est)[1] | ||||
| - Density | 105/sq mi (40.6/km2) Ranked 23rd in the U.S. |
||||
| - Median household income | $47,220 (15th) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Timms Hill[2][3] 1,951 ft (595 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 1,050 ft (320 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Lake Michigan[2][3] 579 ft (176 m) |
||||
| Before statehood | Wisconsin Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | May 29, 1848 (30th) | ||||
| Governor | Scott Walker (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Rebecca Kleefisch (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Wisconsin Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | State Assembly | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Herb Kohl (D) Ron Johnson (R) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 5 Republicans, 3 Democrats (list) | ||||
| Time zone | Central: UTC -6/-5 | ||||
| Abbreviations | WI Wis. US-WI | ||||
| Website | www.wisconsin.gov | ||||
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact.[4] French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal.[5] This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.[6]
Throughout the course of its many variations, the Algonquian word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations may vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that line its banks. One leading theory holds that the name originated from the Miami word Meskonsing, meaning "it lies red," a reference to the setting of the Wisconsin River as it flows by the reddish sandstone of the Wisconsin Dells.[7] Numerous other theories have also been widely publicized, including claims that name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning "red stone place," "gathering of the waters," or "great rock."[8]
History[link]
Main article: History of Wisconsin
Wisconsin has been home to a wide variety of cultures over the past twelve thousand years. The first people arrived around 10000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation. These early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals exemplified by the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin.[9] After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering food from wild plants. Agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of this period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the "Effigy Mound culture," which built thousands of animal-shaped mounds across the landscape.[10] Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the fortified village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin.[11] The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes, who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact.[12] Other American Indian groups living in Wisconsin when Europeans first settled included the Ojibwa, Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, and Pottawatomie, who migrated to Wisconsin from the east between 1500 and 1700.[13]
The first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, and it is traditionally assumed that he came ashore near Green Bay at Red Banks.[14] Pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local American Indians.[15] In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien.[16] Frenchmen like Nicholas Perrot continued to ply the fur trade across Wisconsin through the 17th and 18th centuries, but the French made no permanent settlements in Wisconsin before Great Britain won control of the region following the French and Indian War in 1763. Even so, French traders continued to work in the region after the war, and some, beginning with Charles de Langlade in 1764, now settled in Wisconsin permanently rather than returning to British-controlled Canada.[17]
Wisconsin became a territorial possession of the United States in 1783 after the American Revolutionary War. However, the British remained in de facto control until after the War of 1812, which finally established an American presence in the area.[18] Under American control, the economy of the territory shifted from fur trading to lead mining. The prospect of easy mineral wealth drew immigrants from throughout the U.S. and Europe to the lead deposits located at Mineral Point, Wisconsin and nearby areas. Some miners found shelter in the holes they had dug and earned the nickname "badgers," leading to Wisconsin's identity as the "Badger State."[19] The sudden influx of white miners prompted tension with the local Native American population. The Winnebago War of 1827 and the Black Hawk War of 1832 led to the forced removal of American Indians from most parts of the state.[20] Following these conflicts, Wisconsin Territory was organized in 1836. Continued white settlement led to statehood in 1848.
Politics in early Wisconsin were defined by the greater national debate over slavery. A free state from its foundation, Wisconsin became a center of northern abolitionism. The debate became especially intense in 1854 after a runaway slave from Missouri named Joshua Glover was captured in Racine. Glover was taken into custody under the Federal Fugitive Slave Law, but a mob of abolitionists stormed the prison where Glover was held and helped him escape to Canada. The Wisconsin Supreme Court ultimately declared the Fugitive Slave Law unconstitutional in a trial stemming from the incident.[21] The Republican Party, founded on March 20, 1854, by anti-slavery expansion activists in Ripon, Wisconsin, grew to dominate state politics in the aftermath of these events.[22] During the Civil War, around 91,000 troops from Wisconsin fought for the Union.[23]
Wisconsin's economy also diversified during the early years of statehood. While lead mining diminished, agriculture became a principal occupation in the southern half of the state. Railroads were built across the state to help transport grains to market, and industries like J.I. Case & Company in Racine were founded to build agricultural equipment. Wisconsin briefly became one of the nation's leading producers of wheat during the 1860s.[24] Meanwhile, the lumber industry dominated in the heavily forested northern sections of Wisconsin, and sawmills sprang up in cities like La Crosse, Eau Claire, and Wausau. These economic activities had dire environmental consequences. By the close of the 19th century, intensive agriculture had devastated soil fertility, and lumbering had deforested most of the state.[25] This forced both wheat agriculture and the lumber industry into a precipitous decline.
Beginning in the 1890s, farmers in Wisconsin shifted from wheat to dairy production in order to make more sustainable and profitable use of their land. Many immigrants carried cheese-making traditions that, combined with the state's suitable geography and dairy research led by Stephen Babcock at the University of Wisconsin, helped the state build a reputation as "America's Dairyland."[26] Meanwhile, conservationists including Aldo Leopold helped reestablish the state's forests during the early 20th century,[27] paving the way for a more renewable lumber and paper milling industry as well as promoting recreational tourism in the northern woodlands. Manufacturing also boomed in Wisconsin during the early 20th century, driven by an immense immigrant workforce arriving from Europe. Industries in cities like Milwaukee ranged from brewing and food processing to heavy machine production and toolmaking, leading Wisconsin to rank 8th among U.S. states in total product value by 1910.[28]
The early 20th century was also notable for the emergence of progressive politics championed by Robert M. La Follette. Between 1901 and 1914, Progressive Republicans in Wisconsin created the nation's first comprehensive statewide primary election system,[29] the first effective workplace injury compensation law,[30] and the first state income tax,[31] making taxation proportional to actual earnings. The progressive Wisconsin Idea also promoted the statewide expansion of the University of Wisconsin through the UW-Extension system at this time.[32] Later, UW economics professors John R. Commons and Harold Groves helped Wisconsin create the first unemployment compensation program in the United States in 1932.[33]
Wisconsin took part in several political extremes in the mid to late 20th century, ranging from the anti-communist crusades of Senator Joseph McCarthy in the 1950s to the radical antiwar protests at UW-Madison that culminated in the Sterling Hall bombing in August 1970. Recent politics have been comparatively moderate, but the state has continued to push forward new ideas, most notably becoming a leader in welfare reform under Republican Governor Tommy Thompson during the 1990s.[34] The state's economy also underwent further transformations towards the close of the century, as heavy industry and manufacturing declined in favor of a service economy based on medicine, education, agribusiness, and tourism.
Two U.S. Navy battleships, BB-9 and BB-64, were named USS Wisconsin in honor of this state.
State Symbols[link]
|
Geography[link]
Wisconsin is bordered by the Montreal River; Lake Superior and Michigan to the north; by Lake Michigan to the east; by Illinois to the south; and by Iowa to the southwest and Minnesota to the northwest. A border dispute with Michigan was settled by two cases, both Wisconsin v. Michigan, in 1934 and 1935. The state's boundaries include the Mississippi River and St. Croix River in the west, and the Menominee River in the northeast. Wisconsin is the northernmost state that does not share a border with Canada.[citation needed]
With its location between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, Wisconsin is home to a wide variety of geographical features. The state is divided into five distinct regions. In the north, the Lake Superior Lowland occupies a belt of land along Lake Superior. Just to the south, the Northern Highland has massive mixed hardwood and coniferous forests including the 1,500,000 acres (6,100 km2) Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, as well as thousands of glacial lakes, and the state's highest point, Timms Hill. In the middle of the state, the Central Plain has some unique sandstone formations like the Dells of the Wisconsin River in addition to rich farmland. The Eastern Ridges and Lowlands region in the southeast is home to many of Wisconsin's largest cities. The ridges include the Niagara Escarpment that stretches from New York State, the Black River Escarpment and the Magnesian Escarpment.[39][40] The bedrock of the Niagara Escarpment is dolomite, while the two shorter ridges have limestone bedrock. In the southwest, the Western Upland is a rugged landscape with a mix of forest and farmland, including many bluffs on the Mississippi River. This region is part of the Driftless Area, which also includes portions of Iowa, Illinois, and Minnesota. This area was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age, the Wisconsin Glaciation.
Overall, 46% of Wisconsin's land area is covered by forest. Langlade County has a soil rarely found outside of the county called Antigo Silt Loam.
Areas under the management of the National Park Service include the following:[41]
- Apostle Islands National Lakeshore along Lake Superior
- Ice Age National Scenic Trail
- North Country National Scenic Trail
- Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway
There is one national forest managed by the U.S. Forest Service in Wisconsin, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest.
Wisconsin has sister-state relationships with the Germany's Hesse, Japan's Chiba Prefecture, Mexico's Jalisco, China's Heilongjiang, and Nicaragua.[42]
Climate[link]
Wisconsin's climate is classified as humid continental. The highest temperature ever recorded in the state was in the Wisconsin Dells, on July 13, 1936, where it reached 114 °F (46 °C). The lowest temperature ever recorded in Wisconsin was in the village of Couderay, where it reached −55 °F (−48 °C) on both February 2 and 4, 1996.[43]
| Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Selected Wisconsin Cities [°F (°C)] | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Bay | 25/10
(−4/−12) |
29/13
(−2/−11) |
40/23
(5/−5) |
55/35
(13/1) |
67/45
(19/7) |
76/55
(25/13) |
81/59
(27/15) |
79/58
(26/14) |
71/49
(22/10) |
58/38
(14/4) |
43/28
(6/−2) |
30/15
(−1/−9) |
| La Crosse | 26/6
(−3/−14) |
32/13
(0/−11) |
45/24
(7/−4) |
60/37
(16/3) |
72/49
(22/9) |
81/58
(27/14) |
85/63
(29/17) |
82/61
(28/16) |
74/52
(23/11) |
61/40
(16/4) |
44/27
(7/−3) |
30/14
(−1/−10) |
| Madison | 27/11
(−3/−12) |
32/15
(0/−9) |
44/25
(7/−4) |
58/36
(14/2) |
69/46
(21/8) |
79/56
(26/13) |
82/61
(28/16) |
80/59
(27/15) |
73/50
(23/10) |
60/39
(15/3) |
45/28
(7/−2) |
31/16
(−1/−9) |
| Milwaukee | 29/16
(−2/−9) |
33/19
(0/−7) |
42/28
(6/−2) |
54/37
(12/3) |
65/47
(18/8) |
75/57
(24/14) |
80/64
(27/18) |
79/63
(26/17) |
71/55
(22/13) |
59/43
(15/6) |
46/32
(8/0) |
33/20
(0/−7) |
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1820 | 1,444 |
|
|
| 1830 | 3,635 | 151.7% | |
| 1840 | 30,945 | 751.3% | |
| 1850 | 305,391 | 886.9% | |
| 1860 | 775,881 | 154.1% | |
| 1870 | 1,054,670 | 35.9% | |
| 1880 | 1,315,457 | 24.7% | |
| 1890 | 1,693,330 | 28.7% | |
| 1900 | 2,069,042 | 22.2% | |
| 1910 | 2,333,860 | 12.8% | |
| 1920 | 2,632,067 | 12.8% | |
| 1930 | 2,939,006 | 11.7% | |
| 1940 | 3,137,587 | 6.8% | |
| 1950 | 3,434,575 | 9.5% | |
| 1960 | 3,951,777 | 15.1% | |
| 1970 | 4,417,731 | 11.8% | |
| 1980 | 4,705,767 | 6.5% | |
| 1990 | 4,891,769 | 4.0% | |
| 2000 | 5,363,675 | 9.6% | |
| 2010 | 5,686,986 | 6.0% | |
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Wisconsin was 5,711,767 on July 1, 2011, a 0.44% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1]
Since its founding, Wisconsin has been ethnically heterogeneous. Following the period of French fur traders, the next wave of settlers were miners, many of whom were Cornish, who settled the southwestern area of the state. The next wave was dominated by "Yankees," migrants of English descent from New England and upstate New York; in the early years of statehood, they dominated the state's heavy industry, finance, politics and education. Between 1850 and 1900, large numbers of European immigrants followed them, including Germans, Scandinavians (the largest group being Norwegian), and smaller groups of Belgians, Dutch, Swiss, Finns, Irish, Poles, and others. In the 20th century, large numbers of Mexicans and African Americans came, settling mainly in Milwaukee; and after end of the Vietnam War came an influx of Hmongs.
According to the 2010 Census, 86.2% of the population was White (83.3% non-Hispanic white), 6.3% was Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.3% Asian, 1.8% from two or more races. 5.9% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).[44]
The six largest ancestry groups in Wisconsin are: German (42.6%), Irish (10.9%), Polish (9.3%), Norwegian (8.5%), English (6.5%), and Italian (6.1%).[45] German is the most common ancestry in every county in the state, except Menominee, Trempealeau and Vernon.[46] Wisconsin has the highest percentage of residents of Polish ancestry of any state.[45] The various ethnic groups settled in different areas of the state. Although Germans settled throughout the state, the largest concentration was in Milwaukee. Norwegians settled in lumbering and farming areas in the north and west. Small colonies of Belgians, Swiss, Finns and other groups settled in their particular areas, with Irish, Italian, and Polish immigrants settling primarily in urban areas.[47] African Americans came to Milwaukee, especially from 1940 on. Menominee County is the only county in the eastern United States with an American Indian majority.
86% of Wisconsin's African-American population live in four cities: Milwaukee, Racine, Beloit, Kenosha, with Milwaukee home to nearly three-fourths of the state's black Americans. In the Great Lakes region, only Detroit and Cleveland have a higher percentage of African-American residents.
33% of Wisconsin's Asian population is Hmong, with significant communities in Milwaukee, Wausau, Green Bay, Sheboygan, Appleton, Madison, La Crosse, Eau Claire, Oshkosh, and Manitowoc.[48]
Of the residents of Wisconsin, 71.7% were born in Wisconsin, 23.0% were born in a different US state, 0.7% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to American parent(s), and 4.6% were foreign born.[49]
Religion[link]
Christianity is the predominant religion of Wisconsin. As of the year 2000, the RCMS[50] reported that the three largest denominational groups in Wisconsin are Catholic, Mainline Protestant, and Evangelical Protestant. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Wisconsin (at 1,695,660), followed by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 463,432 members reported and the Lutheran Church--Missouri Synod, reporting 241,306 adherents. As of 2008, the irreligious population of Wisconsin surpassed 850,000. The percentage of Wisconsin residents who belong to various affiliations are shown below:[51]
- Christian – 80%
- Protestant – 50%
- Lutheran – 23%
- Methodist – 7%
- Baptist – 5%
- Presbyterian – 2%
- United Church of Christ – 2%
- Other Protestant or general Protestant – 15%
- Roman Catholic – 29%
- Other Christian – 2%
- Protestant – 50%
- Other religions – 1%
- Non-affiliated – 15%
Crime[link]
Statewide FBI Crime statistics for 2009 include 144 murders/nonnegligent manslaughter; 1,108 forcible rapes; 4,850 robberies; 8,431 aggravated assaults; and 147,486 property crimes.[52] Wisconsin also publishes its own statistics through the Office of Justice Assistance.[53] The OJA reported 14,603 violent crimes in 2009, with a clearance rate (% solved) of 50%.[54] The OJA reported 4,633 sexual assaults in 2009, with an overall clearance rate for sexual assaults of 57%. Of note, in Wisconsin juveniles are nearly three times more likely than adults to be victims of sexual assault, with 11- to 15-year-old children as the highest victimized age group.[55]
Government[link]
Wisconsin's Constitution outlines the structure and function of state government. Wisconsin's government is organized into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
Executive[link]
The executive branch is headed by the governor. The current governor, Scott Walker, assumed office on January 3, 2011. In addition to the governor, the executive branch includes five other elected constitutional officers: Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, Treasurer, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction.
Legislative[link]
The Wisconsin State Legislature is Wisconsin's legislative branch. The Legislature is a bicameral body consisting of the Assembly and the Senate.
Judicial[link]
Wisconsin's court system has four levels: municipal courts, circuit courts, the Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. Municipal courts typically handle cases involving local ordinance matters. The circuit courts are Wisconsin's trial courts, they have original jurisdiction in all civil and criminal cases within the state. Challenges to circuit court rulings are heard by the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, consisting of sixteen judges who typically sit in three-judge panels. As the state's highest appellate court, the Wisconsin Supreme Court may hear both appeals from lower courts and original actions. In addition to deciding cases, the Supreme Court is responsible for administering the state's court system and regulating the practice of law in Wisconsin.[56]
Federal[link]
In the United State Senate Wisconsin is represented by Ron Johnson and Herb Kohl. Wisconsin is divided into eight congressional districts.
Taxes[link]
Wisconsin collects personal income taxes (based on five income brackets) which range from 4.6% to 7.75%. The state sales and use tax rate is 5.0%. Fifty-nine counties have an additional sales/use tax of 0.5%.[57] Milwaukee County and four surrounding counties have an additional temporary 0.1% tax which helps fund the Miller Park baseball stadium, which was completed in 2001. Retailers who make sales subject to applicable county taxes must collect this tax on their retail sales.
The most common property tax assessed on Wisconsin residents is the real property tax, or their residential property tax. Wisconsin does not impose a property tax on vehicles, but does levy an annual registration fee. Property taxes are the most important tax revenue source for Wisconsin's local governments, as well as major methods of funding school districts, vocational technical colleges, special purpose districts and tax incremental finance districts. Equalized values are based on the full market value of all taxable property in the state, except for agricultural land. In order to provide property tax relief for farmers, the value of agricultural land is determined by its value for agricultural uses, rather than for its possible development value. Equalized values are used to distribute state aid payments to counties, municipalities, and technical colleges. Assessments prepared by local assessors are used to distribute the property tax burden within individual municipalities.
Wisconsin does not assess a tax on intangible property. Wisconsin does not collect inheritance taxes. Until January 1, 2008, Wisconsin's estate tax was decoupled from the federal estate tax laws; therefore the state imposed its own estate tax on certain large estates.[58]
There are no toll roads in Wisconsin; highway construction and maintenance are funded in part by motor fuel tax revenues, and the remaining balance is drawn from the State General Fund. Non-highway road construction and maintenance are funded by local governments (municipalities or counties).
Politics[link]
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 42.31% 1,262,393 | 56.22% 1,677,211 |
| 2004 | 49.31% 1,478,120 | 49.71% 1,489,504 |
| 2000 | 47.56% 1,237,279 | 47.83% 1,242,987 |
| 1996 | 38.48% 845,029 | 48.81% 1,071,971 |
| 1992 | 36.78% 930,855 | 41.13% 1,041,066 |
| 1988 | 47.80% 1,047,794 | 51.41% 1,126,794 |
During the period of the Civil War, Wisconsin was a Republican state; in fact it is the state that gave birth to the Republican Party, although Ethno-religious issues in the late 19th century caused a brief split in the Republican coalition. Through the first half of the 20th century, Wisconsin's politics were dominated by Robert La Follette and his sons, originally of the Republican Party, but later of the revived Progressive Party. Since 1945, the state has maintained a close balance between Republicans and Democrats. Republican Senator Joe McCarthy was a controversial national figure in the early 1950s. Recent leading Republicans include former Governor Tommy Thompson and Congressman F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr.; prominent Democrats include Senators Herb Kohl and Russ Feingold, and Congressman David Obey.[59]
The most famous controversy in the state's political history dealt with foreign language teaching in schools. This was fought out in the Bennett Law campaign of 1890, when the Germans switched to the Democratic Party because of the Republican Party's support of the Bennett Law, which led to a major victory for the Democrats.[citation needed]
The cities of Wisconsin have been active in increasing the availability of legislative information on the internet, thereby providing for greater government transparency. Currently three of the five most populous cities in Wisconsin provide their constituents with internet-based access of all public records directly from the cities’ databases. Wisconsin cities started to make this a priority after Milwaukee began doing so, on their page, in 2001. One such city, Madison, has been named the Number 1 digital city by the Center for Digital Government in consecutive years.[citation needed]
In the 2008 presidential election, Wisconsin voted for the Democratic presidential nominee, Illinois Senator Barack Obama. Obama captured 56% of the vote statewide, with the urban centers of Milwaukee and Madison voting strongly Democratic. Bucking the historic trend, Brown County (home to Green Bay) and Outagamie County (home to Appleton) voted for Obama over John McCain, the Republican presidential nominee. In all, McCain captured approximately 42% of the vote statewide and won 13 of the state's 72 counties. Of the counties won by McCain, only a handful were by greater than 55% of the vote (Florence, Green Lake, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha, with Washington County providing his largest single-county percentage victory in the state). In all, Obama was successful in 59 counties, transcending the state's usual east/west and urban/suburban/rural divides. Wisconsin ranked second in voter turnout in the 2008 presidential election, behind Minnesota.
In 2008 under Democratic rule, Milwaukee became the third U.S. city to pass paid sick-days legislation.[citation needed]
The 2010 elections, however, saw a huge Republican resurgence in Wisconsin. Republicans took control of the governor's office and both houses of the state legislature. Republican Ron Johnson defeated Democratic incumbent U.S. Senator Russ Feingold, and Republicans took two previously Democratic-held House seats, creating a 5–3 Republican majority House delegation.[citation needed]
On February 14, 2011, the Wisconsin State Capitol erupted with protests when the Legislature took up a bill that would end most collective bargaining rights for state employees, except for wages, to address the $3.6 bil. deficit. The protests attracted tens of thousands of people each day,[when?] and garnered international attention.
The Assembly passed the bill 53–42 on March 10 after the State Senate passed it the night before, and sent it to the Governor for his signature.[60]
Further information: 2011 Wisconsin protests
Further information: Political party strength in Wisconsin
Lawmakers in Wisconsin[link]
The last election in which Wisconsin supported a Republican Presidential candidate was in 1984. However, both the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections were close, with Wisconsin receiving heavy doses of national advertising because it was a "swing", or pivot, state. Al Gore carried the presidential vote in 2000 by 5,700 votes, and John Kerry won Wisconsin in 2004 by 11,000 votes. However, in 2008, Barack Obama carried the state by 381,000 votes and with 56%. Republicans had a stronghold in the Fox Valley, but elected a Democrat, Steve Kagen, of Appleton, for the 8th Congressional District in 2006. However, Kagen survived only two terms and was replaced by Republican Reid Ribble in the Republican Party's sweep of Wisconsin in November 2010, the first time the Republican Party has taken back both chambers of the state legislature and the governorship in the same election. Republicans have held Waukesha County. The City of Milwaukee heads the list of Wisconsin's Democratic strongholds, which also includes Madison and the state's Native American reservations. Wisconsin's largest Congressional district, the 7th, had voted Democratic since 1969. Its representative, David Obey, chaired the powerful House Appropriations Committee.[61] However, Obey retired and the once Democratic seat was overtaken by Republican Sean Duffy in November 2010.
- Wisconsin's political history encompasses, on the one hand, "Fighting Bob" La Follette and the Progressive movement; and on the other, the Republican and anti-Communist Joe McCarthy.
- In the early 20th century, the Socialist Party of America had a base in Milwaukee. The phenomenon was referred to as "sewer socialism" because the elected officials were more concerned with public works and reform than with revolution (although revolutionary socialism existed in the city as well). Its influence faded in the late 1950s, largely because of the red scare and racial tensions.[62] The first Socialist mayor of a large city in the United States was Emil Seidel, elected mayor of Milwaukee in 1910; another Socialist, Daniel Hoan, was mayor of Milwaukee from 1916 to 1940; and a third, Frank P. Zeidler, from 1948 to 1960. Socialist newspaper editor Victor Berger was repeatedly elected as a U.S. Representative, although he was prevented from serving for some time because of his opposition to the First World War.
- William Proxmire, a Democratic Senator (1957–89), dominated[citation needed] the Democratic party for years; he was best known for attacking waste and fraud in federal spending.
- Democrat Russ Feingold was the only Senator to vote against the Patriot Act in 2001.
- Democrat Tammy Baldwin from Madison was the first, and is currently the only, openly lesbian U.S. Representative.[63]
- Republican Paul Ryan was, at age 28, the youngest member of the Congressional freshmen class when he took office in January 1999.
- In 2004, Gwen Moore, a Democrat from Milwaukee, became Wisconsin's first African-American U.S. Representative.
In 2006, Democrats gained in a national sweep of opposition to the Bush administration, and the Iraq War. The retiring GOP 8th District Congressman, Mark Green, of Green Bay, ran against the incumbent Governor Jim Doyle. Green lost by 8% statewide, making Doyle the first Democratic governor to be re-elected in 32 years. The Republicans lost control of the state Senate. Although Democrats gained eight seats in the state Assembly, Republicans retained a five-vote majority in that house. In 2008, Democrats regained control of the State Assembly by a 52–46 margin, marking the first time since 1987 that the governor and state legislature were both Democratic.[citation needed] However, Republicans won both chambers of the legislature and the governorship in 2010, the first time all three changed partisan control in the same election.
Economy[link]
In 2010 Wisconsin’s gross state product was $248.3 billion, making it 21st among U.S. states.[64] The economy of Wisconsin is driven by manufacturing, agriculture, and health care. The state's economic output from manufacturing was $48.9 billion in 2008, making it the tenth largest among states in manufacturing gross domestic product.[65] Manufacturing accounts for about 20% of the state's gross domestic product, a proportion that is third among all states.[66] The per capita personal income was $35,239 in 2008.
As of June 2010, the state's unemployment rate was 7.9% (seasonally adjusted)[67]
In October 2010, the largest employers in Wisconsin were:
- Wal-Mart;
- University of Wisconsin–Madison;
- Milwaukee Public Schools;
- U.S. Postal Service;
- Wisconsin Department of Corrections;
- Menards;
- Marshfield Clinic;
- Aurora Health Care;
- City of Milwaukee; and
- Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs[68]
Agriculture[link]
Wisconsin produces about a quarter of America's cheese, leading the nation in cheese production.[69][70] It is second in milk production, after California,[71] and third in per-capita milk production, behind Idaho and Vermont.[72] Wisconsin is second in butter production, producing about one-quarter of the nation's butter.[73] The state ranks first nationally in the production of corn for silage, cranberries[74] ginseng,[75] and snap beans for processing. It grows over half the national crop of cranberries.[74] and 97% of the nation's ginseng.[75] Wisconsin is also a leading producer of oats, potatoes, carrots, tart cherries, maple syrup, and sweet corn for processing. The significance of the state's agricultural production is exemplified by the depiction of a Holstein cow, an ear of corn, and a wheel of cheese on Wisconsin's 50 State Quarters design.[76]
A large part of the state's manufacturing sector includes commercial food processing, including well-known brands such as Oscar Mayer, Tombstone frozen pizza, Johnsonville brats, and Usinger's sausage. Kraft Foods alone employs over 5,000 people in the state. Milwaukee is a major producer of beer and was formerly headquarters for Miller Brewing Company — the nation's second-largest brewer – until it merged with Coors Brewing Company. Formerly, Schlitz, Blatz, and Pabst were cornerstone breweries in Milwaukee.
| Badger State | |
| State Animal: | Badger |
| State Domesticated Animal: |
Dairy cow |
| State Wild Animal: | White-tailed deer |
| State Beverage: | Milk |
| State Fruit: | Cranberry |
| State Bird: | Robin |
| State Capital: | Madison |
| State Dog: | American water spaniel |
| State Fish: | Muskellunge |
| State Flower: | Wood violet |
| State Fossil: | Trilobite |
| State Grain: | Corn |
| State Insect: | European honey bee |
| State Motto: | Forward |
| State Song: | "On, Wisconsin!" |
| State Tree: | Sugar maple |
| State Mineral: | Galena (Lead sulfide) |
| State Rock: | Red granite |
| State Soil: | Antigo silt loam |
| State Dance: | Polka |
| State Symbol of Peace: |
Mourning dove |
| State Microbe | Lactococcus lactis |
Manufacturing[link]
Wisconsin is home to a very large and diversified manufacturing economy, with special focus on transportation and capital equipment. Major Wisconsin companies in these categories include the Kohler Company; Mercury Marine; Rockwell Automation; Johnson Controls; Seagrave Fire Apparatus; Pierce Manufacturing (fire apparatus); Briggs & Stratton; Miller Electric; Milwaukee Electric Tool Company; Bucyrus International; Joy Global Inc.; The Manitowoc Company; Modine Manufacturing Company; Reliance Controls Corporation; Super Steel Products Corp.; Ladish Co.; Oshkosh Truck; Harley-Davidson; Ashley Furniture; and the Ariens Company.
Consumer goods[link]
Wisconsin is a major producer of paper, packaging, and other consumer goods. Major consumer products companies based in the state include SC Johnson & Co., and Diversey Inc., Wisconsin also ranks first nationwide in the production of paper products; the lower Fox River from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay has 24 paper mills along its 39 miles (63 km) stretch.
The development and manufacture of health care devices and software is a growing sector of the state's economy, with key players such as GE Healthcare, Epic Systems, and TomoTherapy.
Tourism[link]
Tourism is also a major industry in Wisconsin – the state's third largest, according to the Department of Tourism. Tourist destinations such as the House on the Rock near Spring Green, Circus World Museum in Baraboo, and The Wisconsin Dells also draw thousands of visitors annually, and festivals such as Summerfest and the EAA Oshkosh Airshow draw international attention, along with hundreds of thousands of visitors.
Given the large number of lakes and rivers in the state, water recreation is very popular.
The distinctive Door Peninsula, which extends off the eastern coast of the state, contains one of the state's tourist destinations, Door County. Door County is a popular destination for boaters because of the large number of natural harbors, bays and ports on the Green Bay and Lake Michigan side of the peninsula that forms the county. The area draws hundreds of thousands of visitors yearly to its quaint villages, seasonal cherry picking, and fish boils.
Film industry[link]
On January 1, 2008, a new tax incentive for the film industry came into effect. The first major production to take advantage of the tax incentive was Michael Mann's Public Enemies. While the producers spent $18 million dollars on the film, it was reported that most of that went to out-of-state workers and for out-of-state services; Wisconsin taxpayers had provided $4.6 million in subsidies, and derived only $5 million in revenues from the film's making.[77]
Important municipalities[link]
Over 68% of Wisconsin residents live in urbanized areas, with the Greater Milwaukee area home to roughly one-third of the state's population.[78] Milwaukee is at the northern edge of an urban area bordering Lake Michigan that stretches southward into greater Chicago and northwestern Indiana, with a population of over 11 million. With over 602,000 residents, Milwaukee proper is the 22nd-largest city in the country.[79] The string of cities along the western edge of Lake Michigan is generally considered to be an example of a megalopolis. Madison's dual identity as state capital and college town gives it a cultural richness unusual in a city its size. With a population of around 220,000, and metropolitan area of over 600,000, Madison is also a very fast-growing city. Madison's suburb, Middleton, was also ranked the "Best Place to Live in America" in 2007 by Money Magazine. Medium-size cities dot the state and anchor a network of working farms surrounding them. As of 2011, there were 12 cities in Wisconsin with a population of 50,000 or more, accounting for 73% of the state's employment.[80]
Wisconsin has three types of municipality: cities, villages, and towns. Cities and villages are incorporated urban areas. Towns are unincorporated minor civil divisions of counties.
Further information: List of municipalities in Wisconsin by population and Political subdivisions of Wisconsin
Education[link]
Wisconsin, along with Minnesota and Michigan, was among the Midwestern leaders in the emergent American state university movement following the Civil War in the United States. By the turn of the century, education in the state advocated the "Wisconsin Idea", which emphasized service to the people of the state. The "Wisconsin Idea" exemplified the Progressive movement within colleges and universities at the time.[81] Today, public education in Wisconsin includes both the 26-campus University of Wisconsin System, with the flagship university University of Wisconsin–Madison, and the 16-campus Wisconsin Technical College System which coordinates with the University of Wisconsin. Notable private colleges and universities include Carthage College, Marquette University, Milwaukee School of Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Concordia University Wisconsin, Carroll University, Edgewood College, Beloit College, St. Norbert College, Lakeland College, Cardinal Stritch University and Lawrence University, among others. Elementary, middle and high school education are mandatory by law.
See also: List of colleges and universities in Wisconsin, List of high schools in Wisconsin, and List of school districts in Wisconsin
Culture[link]
Citizens of Wisconsin are referred to as Wisconsinites. The traditional prominence of references to dairy farming and cheesemaking in Wisconsin's rural economy (the state's license plates have read "America's Dairyland" since 1940[82]) have led to the nickname (sometimes used pejoratively among non-residents) of "cheeseheads" and to the creation of "cheesehead hats" made of yellow foam in the shape of a block of cheese.
Numerous ethnic festivals are held throughout Wisconsin to celebrate the heritage of its citizens. Such festivals include Summerfest, Oktoberfest, Polish Fest, Festa Italiana, Irish Fest, Bastille Days, Syttende Mai (Norwegian Constitution Day), Brat(wurst) Days in Sheboygan, Cheese Days in Monroe and Mequon, African World Festival, Indian Summer, Arab Fest, and many others.
Art[link]
The Milwaukee Art Museum in Milwaukee, with its brise soleil designed by Santiago Calatrava, is known for its interesting architecture. The Milwaukee County Zoological Gardens cover over 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land on the far west side of the city. Madison is home to the Vilas Zoo which is free for all visitors, and the Olbrich Gardens conservatory, as well as the hub of cultural activity at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It is also known for Monona Terrace, a convention center that was designed by Taliesin Architect Anthony Puttnam, based loosely on a 1930s design by Frank Lloyd Wright, a world-renowned architect and Wisconsin native who was born in Richland Center.[83] Wright's home and studio in the 20th century was at Taliesin, south of Spring Green. Decades after Wright's death, Taliesin remains an architectural office and school for his followers.
It must also be noted that a La Crosse, Wisconsin native (Larry Pedersen) is a world famous portrait painter whose paintings adorn various private galleries. He has painted company CEOs, top military personnel, religious figures, as well as many private citizens. His works have been described as blending old World technique with modern day color combinations and use of composition.
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Wisconsin
Wisconsin has more country music festivals than any other state,[84] including Miller Lite Presents Country Fest, Bud Light Presents Country Jam USA, the Coors Hodag Country Festival, Porterfield Country Music Festival, Country Thunder USA in Twin Lakes,[84] and Ford Presents Country USA.
The state's largest city, Milwaukee, also hosts Summerfest, dubbed "The World's Largest Music Festival," every year. This festival is held at the lakefront Henry Maier Festival Park just south of downtown, as are a summer-long array of ethnic musical festivals such as the Milwaukee Irish Fest.
The Wisconsin Area Music Industry provides an annual WAMI event where it presents an awards show for top Wisconsin artists.
Alcohol and Wisconsin culture[link]
Drinking has long been considered a significant part of Wisconsin culture, and the state ranks at or near the top of national measures of per-capita alcohol consumption, binge drinking, driving under the influence, and proportion of drinkers.[85] Factors such as cultural identification with the state's heritage of German immigration, the longstanding presence of major breweries in Milwaukee, and a cold climate are often associated with the prevalence of drinking in Wisconsin. Consumption of alcohol for anyone under the age of 21 is illegal unless supervised by a parent, guardian, or spouse.
The Wisconsin Tavern League is a strong political force and the state legislature has been reluctant to lower a DUI offense from BAC 0.10 to 0.08 (only through Federal government influence) and raise the alcoholic beverage tax. The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel series "Wasted in Wisconsin" examined this situation.[86]
Recreation[link]
The varied landscape of Wisconsin makes the state a popular vacation destination for outdoor recreation. Winter events include skiing, ice fishing and snowmobile derbies. Wisconsin has many lakes of varied size; the state contains 11,188 square miles (28,980 km2) of water, more than all but three other states (Alaska, Michigan and Florida).
Outdoor activities are popular in Wisconsin, especially hunting and fishing. One of the most prevalent game animals is the whitetail deer. Each year in Wisconsin, well over 600,000 deer hunting licenses are sold.[87] In 2008, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources projected the pre-hunt deer population to be about 1.5 to 1.7 million.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Wisconsin
Wisconsin is represented by major league teams in three sports: football, baseball, and basketball. Lambeau Field, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin, is home to the National Football League's Green Bay Packers. The Packers have been part of the NFL since the league's second season in 1921 and hold the record for the most NFL titles, earning the city of Green Bay the nickname "Titletown USA". The Packers are the smallest city franchise in the NFL, and is the only one owned by shareholders statewide. The franchise was founded by "Curly" Lambeau who played and coached for them. The Green Bay Packers are one of the most successful small-market professional sports franchises in the world and have won 13 NFL championships, including the first two AFL-NFL Championship games (Super Bowls I and II), Super Bowl XXXI and Super Bowl XLV. The state's support of the team is evidenced by the 81,000-person waiting list for season tickets to Lambeau Field.[88]
The Milwaukee Brewers, the state's only major league baseball team, play in Miller Park in Milwaukee, the successor to Milwaukee County Stadium since 2001. In 1982, the Brewers won the American League Championship, marking their most successful season. The team switched from the American League to the National League starting with the 1998 season.
The Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association play home games at the Bradley Center. The Bucks won the NBA Championship in 1971.
The state also has minor league teams in hockey (Milwaukee Admirals) and baseball (the Wisconsin Timber Rattlers, based in Appleton and the Beloit Snappers of the Class A minor leagues). Wisconsin is also home to the Madison Mallards, the La Crosse Loggers, the Eau Claire Express, the Green Bay Bullfrogs, the Wisconsin Woodchucks, and the Wisconsin Rapids Rafters of the Northwoods League, a collegiate all-star summer league. In arena football Wisconsin is represented by three teams: the Wisconsin Wolfpack in Madison in the CIFL; the Green Bay Blizzard of the IFL, and the Milwaukee Mustangs of the AFL. The state is also home to the 6 Time Major Indoor Soccer League Champion Milwaukee Wave.
Wisconsin also has many college sports programs, including the Wisconsin Badgers, of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the Panthers of University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee. The Wisconsin Badgers football former head coach Barry Alvarez led the Badgers to three Rose Bowl championships, including back-to-back victories in 1999 and 2000. The Badger men's basketball team won the national title in 1941 and made a second trip to college basketball's Final Four in 2000. The Badgers claimed a historic dual championship in 2006 when both the women's and men's hockey teams won national titles.
The Marquette Golden Eagles of the Big East Conference, the state's other major collegiate program, is known for its men's basketball team, which, under the direction of Al McGuire, won the NCAA National Championship in 1977. The team returned to the Final Four in 2003.
Many other schools in the University of Wisconsin system compete in the Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference at the Division III level. The conference is one of the most successful in the nation, claiming 92 NCAA national championships in 15 different sports as of the 2011–12 academic year.[89]
The Semi-Professional Northern Elite Football League consists of many teams from Wisconsin. The league is made up of former professional, collegiate, and high school players. Teams from Wisconsin include: The Green Bay Gladiators from Green Bay, WI, The Fox Valley Force in Appleton, WI, The Kimberly Storm in Kimberly, WI, The Central Wisconsin Spartans in Wausau, WI, The Eau Claire Crush and the Chippewa Valley Predators from Eau Claire, WI, and the Lake Superior Rage from Superior, WI. The league also has teams in Michigan and Minnesota. Teams play from May until August.
Wisconsin is home to the world's oldest operational racetrack. The Milwaukee Mile, located in Wisconsin State Fair Park in West Allis, Wisconsin, held races there long before the Indy 500.[90]
Wisconsin is home to the nation's oldest operating velodrome in Kenosha where races have been held every year since 1927.[91]
See also[link]
- Outline of Wisconsin
- Index of Wisconsin-related articles
- List of people from Wisconsin
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin
References[link]
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ "Wisconsin's Name: Where it Came from and What it Means". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ Marquette, Jacques (1673). "The Mississippi Voyage of Jolliet and Marquette, 1673". In Kellogg, Louise P.. Early Narratives of the Northwest, 1634–1699. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 235. OCLC 31431651. http://www.americanjourneys.org/aj-051/.
- ^ Smith, Alice E. (September 1942). "Stephen H. Long and the Naming of Wisconsin". Wisconsin Magazine of History (Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society) 26 (1): 67–71. http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/wmh,14413. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ McCafferty, Michael. 2003. On Wisconsin: The Derivation and Referent of an Old Puzzle in American Placenames. Onoma 38: 39–56
- ^ Vogel, Virgil J. (1965). "Wisconsin's Name: A Linguistic Puzzle". Wisconsin Magazine of History (Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society) 48 (3): 181–186. http://content.wisconsinhistory.org/u?/wmh,23263. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ Theler, James; Boszhardt, Robert (2003). Twelve Millennia: Archaeology of the Upper Mississippi River Valley. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-87745-847-0.
- ^ Birmingham, Robert; Eisenberg, Leslie (2000). Indian Mounds of Wisconsin. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 100–110. ISBN 978-0-299-16870-4.
- ^ Birmingham; Eisenberg (2000). pp. 152–156. ISBN 978-0-299-16870-4.
- ^ Birmingham; Eisenberg (2000). pp. 165–167. ISBN 978-0-299-16870-4.
- ^ Boatman, John (1987). "Historical Overview of the Wisconsin Area: From Early Years to the French, British, and Americans". In Fixico, Donald. An Anthology of Western Great Lakes Indian History. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. OCLC 18188646.
- ^ Rodesch, Gerrold C. (1984). "Jean Nicolet". University of Wisconsin–Green Bay. http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/articles/nicolet.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ "Turning Points in Wisconsin History: Arrival of the First Europeans". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-006/?action=more_essay. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Jaenen, Cornelius (1973). "French colonial attitudes and the exploration of Jolliet and Marquette". Wisconsin Magazine of History 56 (4): 300–310.
- ^ "Dictionary of Wisconsin History: Langlade, Charles Michel". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2266&search_term=Langlade%2C+Charles+Michel. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Nesbit, Robert (1973). Wisconsin: A History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 62–64. ISBN 978-0-299-06370-2.
- ^ "Badger Nickname". University of Wisconsin. http://www.uwbadgers.com/trads/nickname.html. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
- ^ Nesbit (1973). pp. 95–97. ISBN 978-0-299-06370-2.
- ^ Legler, Henry (1898). "Rescue of Joshua Glover, a Runaway Slave". Leading Events of Wisconsin History. Milwaukee: Sentinel. pp. 226–229. http://www.library.wisc.edu/etext/wireader/WER1124.html. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Nesbit (1973). pp. 238–239. ISBN 978-0-299-06370-2.
- ^ "Turning Points in Wisconsin History: The Iron Brigade, Old Abe and Military Affairs". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-023/?action=more_essay. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Nesbit (1973). p. 273. ISBN 978-0-299-06370-2.
- ^ Nesbit (1973). pp. 281, 309. ISBN 978-0-299-06370-2.
- ^ Buenker, John (1998). Thompson, William Fletcher. ed. The Progressive Era, 1893–1914. History of Wisconsin. 4. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin. pp. 25, 40–41, 62. ISBN 978-0-87020-303-9.
- ^ "Turning Points in Wisconsin History: The Modern Environmental Movement". Wisconsin Historical Society. http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-048/?action=more_essay. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Buenker (1998). pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0-87020-303-9.
- ^ Ware, Alan (2002). The American direct primary: party institutionalization and transformation in the North. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-521-81492-8.
- ^ Ranney, Joseph. "Wisconsin's Legal History: Law and the Progressive Era, Part 3: Reforming the Workplace". http://www.wisbar.org/AM/TemplateRedirect.cfm?template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=35854. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ Stark, John (1987). "The Establishment of Wisconsin's Income Tax". Wisconsin Magazine of History 71 (1): 27–45.
- ^ Stark, Jack (1995). "The Wisconsin Idea: The University's Service to the State". The State of Wisconsin Blue Book, 1995–1996. Madison: Legislative Reference Bureau. pp. 101–179. OCLC 33902087.
- ^ Nelson, Daniel (1968). "The Origins of Unemployment Insurance in Wisconsin". Wisconsin Magazine of History 51 (2): 109–121.
- ^ "Tommy Thompson: Human Services Reformer". 2004-09-04. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/story?id=122179&page=1. Retrieved 2010-03-13.
- ^ "Chapter 1: Introduction". Encyclopedia of Wisconsin. 200 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A.: Somerset Publishers. 1990. p. 3. ISBN 0-403-09907-1.
- ^ a b c d e "Chapter 1: Introduction". Encyclopedia of Wisconsin. 200 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A.: Somerset Publishers. 1990. p. 5. ISBN 0-403-09907-1.
- ^ a b "Chapter 1: Introduction". Encyclopedia of Wisconsin. 200 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017 U.S.A.: Somerset Publishers. 1990. p. 4. ISBN 0-403-09907-1.
- ^ "2011 Senate Bill 100", Wisconsin State Legislature, Retrieved on March 9, 2012.
- ^ Lawrence Martin (1965). The physical geography of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-03475-7. http://books.google.com/?id=QB7qpOSeh6sC&pg=PA247&lpg=PA247&dq=Black+River+Escarpment&q=Black%20River%20Escarpment. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
- ^ "The Eastern Ridges and Lowlands of Wisconsin". Wisconsin Online. http://www.wisconline.com/wisconsin/geoprovinces/easternridges.html. Retrieved 2010-09-14. mirror
- ^ "Wisconsin". National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/state/wi. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Sister-States and Cities". International Wisconsin. 2006-03-20. http://international.wi.gov/SisterStates.html. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Benedetti, Michael. "Climate of Wisconsin". The University of Wisconsin–Extension. http://www.uwex.edu/sco/stateclimate.html. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55000.html
- ^ a b ""Ancestry: 2000," U.S. Census Bureau" (PDF). http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ "Wisconsin Blue Book 2003–2004" (PDF). http://www.legis.state.wi.us/LRB/bb/03bb/128-133.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ Miller, Frank Hayden, "The Polanders in Wisconsin." Parkman Club Publications No. 10. Milwaukee, Wis.: Parkman Club, 1896); Online facsimile at: The Wisconsin Historical Society, visited January 29, 2008
- ^ "Wisconsin's Hmong Population" (PDF). University of Wisconsin–Madison Applied Population Laboratory. http://www.apl.wisc.edu/publications/HmongChartbook.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk
- ^ "State Membership Reports". thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/55_2000.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
- ^ Carroll, Brett E. (2000-12-28). The Routledge Historical Atlas of Religion in America. Routledge Atlases of American History. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92137-6.
- ^ Table 5 – Crime in the United States 2009
- ^ Office of Justice Assistance
- ^ http://oja.wi.gov/docview.asp?docid=19873&locid=97
- ^ Office of Justice Assistance – Sexual Assaults
- ^ "Wisconsin Court System – court system overview". Wicourts.gov. 2011-09-28. http://www.wicourts.gov/courts/overview/overview.htm. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ "County Sales Tax Distribution-2007". Wisconsin Department of Revenue. 2007-03-06. http://www.revenue.wi.gov/esd/cotax07.html. Retrieved 2007-03-24.
- ^ "Wisconsin Department of Revenue". Revenue.wi.gov. http://www.revenue.wi.gov/faqs/ise/estate.html#ret3. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ Conant, James K. (2006-03-01). "1". Wisconsin Politics and Government: America's Laboratory of Democracy. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1548-7.
- ^ "Wisconsin Assembly passes bill to curb collective bargaining". CNN. March 10, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/03/10/wisconsin.budget/index.html?hpt=T1&iref=BN1.
- ^ "David Obey, former U.S. Representative". GovTrack.us. http://www.govtrack.us/congress/person.xpd?id=400300. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ Smith, Kevin D. (Spring 2003). "From Socialism to Racism: The Politics of Class and Identity in Postwar Milwaukee". Michigan Historical Review 29 (1): 71–95. DOI:10.2307/20174004.
- ^ Bull, Chris (1999-02-16). "Take a seat – openly lesbian Representative Tammy Baldwin". The Advocate (LPI Media). Archived from the original on 2005-06-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20050625081817/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_1999_Feb_16/ai_53877986. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ EconPost, Manufacturing industry top 10 states by GDP
- ^ EconPost, Manufacturing industry top states by percentage of state economy
- ^ [1]; WI June 2010 unemployment rates
- ^ Wisconsin's Large Employer Search
- ^ "Total Cheese Production Excluding Cottage Cheese – States and United States: February 2010 and 2011" in United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy Products, p. 13.
- ^ "American Cheese Production – States and United States: February 2010 and 2011" in United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy Products, p. 14.
- ^ "Milk Cows and Production – 23 Selected States: March 2011 and 2012" in United States Department of Agriculture, Milk Production, p. 3.
- ^ "Table 6: Per Capita Milk Production by State, 2003" in CITEC, The Dairy Industry in the U.S. and Northern New York, p. 25.
- ^ Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board, Wisconsin's Rank in the Nations's Dairy Industry: 2007
- ^ a b U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wisconsin – Cranberries, p. 1.
- ^ a b United States Department of Agriculture, "American Ginseng – Rooted in Wisconsin", Census of Agriculture, September, 1995.
- ^ Walters, Steven. "Doyle flips decision, puts cow on quarter". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2007-03-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20070321031237/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=173693. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
- ^ ""Commerce study slams film incentives law" ''The Business Journal of Milwaukee'' March 31, 2009". Bizjournals.com. 2009-03-31. http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/stories/2009/03/30/daily29.html. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ Naylor. "Number and Percent of Total Population by Urban/Rural Categories for Wisconsin Counties: April 1, 2000" (PDF). State of Wisconsin, Department of Administration. http://www.doa.state.wi.us/docs_view2.asp?docid=418. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Davis, Chase; Rick Romell. "City drops out of top 20". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Journal Communications). Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. http://web.archive.org/web/20070310214138/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=337561. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Wisconsin Department of Revenue, "Wisconsin's Metropolitan Statistical Areas", Summer 2011.
- ^ Rudolph, Frederick (1990). The American College and University: A History.. The University of Georgia Press, Athens and London.
- ^ Christopulos, Mike and Joslyn, Jay. "Legislators took license with ideas for slogan on plate" Milwaukee Sentinel 12-27-85; Page 5, Part 1
- ^ Pure Contemporary interview with Anthony Puttnam
- ^ a b Winterroth, Scott (2011). "Wisconsin Country Music Festivals". Country Music Chicago. http://countrymusicchicago.com/category/wisc-country-fests/. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
- ^ ""Drinking deeply ingrained in Wisconsin's culture" home page". Jsonline.com. http://www.jsonline.com/news/wisconsin/31237904.html. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
- ^ ""Wasted in Wisconsin" home page". Jsonline.com. http://www.jsonline.com/news/30565984.html. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ "A Chronology Of Wisconsin Deer Hunting From Closed Seasons To Antlerless Permits" (Press release). Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2005-11-12. Archived from the original on 2007-02-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20070211061345/http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/ce/news/rbnews/2005/111205scr4.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
- ^ Green Bay Packers, Inc., Fan Zone FAQ, accessed Feb 28, 2010. Archived March 18, 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Wisconsin Intercollegiate Athletic Conference – National Championship Teams". Wiacsports.com. http://www.wiacsports.com/sports/2010/7/23/GEN_0723103641.aspx?tab=nationalchampionshipteams. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ "Milwaukee Mile Website – History". Milwaukeemile.com. http://www.milwaukeemile.com/History-2010.asp. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
- ^ "Kenosha Velodrome Association". 333m.com. http://www.333m.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-25.
Further reading[link]
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2005). The Almanac of American Politics, 2006. Washington, DC: National Journal. ISBN 0-89234-112-2.
- Current, Richard (2001). Wisconsin: A History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-07018-6.
- Gara, Larry (1962). A Short History of Wisconsin. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
- Holmes, Fred L. (1946). Wisconsin. 5 vols. Chicago. Detailed popular history and many biographies.
- Nesbit, Robert C. (1989). Wisconsin: A History (Rev. ed.). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-10800-7.
- Pearce, Neil (1980). The Great Lakes States of America. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-05619-8.
- Quaife, Milo M. (1924). Wisconsin, Its History and Its People, 1634–1924. 4 vols. Detailed popular history & biographies.
- Raney, William Francis (1940). Wisconsin: A Story of Progress. New York: Prentice-Hall.
- Robinson, Arthur H.; Culver, J. B., eds. (1974). The Atlas of Wisconsin.
- Sisson, Richard, ed. (2006). The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34886-2.
- Van Ells, Mark D. (2009). Wisconsin [On-The-Road Histories]. Northampton MA: Interlink Books. ISBN 978-1-56656-673-5.
- Vogeler, I. (1986). Wisconsin: A Geography. Boulder: Westview Press. ISBN 0-86531-492-6.
- Wisconsin Cartographers' Guild (2002). Wisconsin's Past and Present: A Historical Atlas.
- Works Progress Administration (1941). Wisconsin: A Guide to the Badger State. Detailed guide to every town and city, and cultural history.
- See additional books at History of Wisconsin
External links[link]
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- Map of Wisconsin at nationalatlas.gov
- State of Wisconsin
- Wisconsin state symbols
- Wisconsin State Legislature
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- Wisconsin State Facts
- Wisconsin Health and Demographic Data
- Energy Profile for Wisconsin – Economic, environmental, and energy data
- Wisconsin Historical Society
- The State of Wisconsin Collection from the UW Digital Collections Center
- Wisconsin Free Speech Legacy
- Wisconsin Department of Tourism
- Travel Information- Traveling by public transit(Wisconsin Department of Transportation)
- Wisconsin travel guide from Wikitravel
Geographic data related to Wisconsin at OpenStreetMap- Wisconsin at the Open Directory Project
- Maps of Wisconsin from the American Geographical Society Library
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| Preceded by Iowa |
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Coordinates: 44°30′N 89°30′W / 44.5°N 89.5°W / 44.5; -89.5
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Wanda Sykes | |
|---|---|
 Wanda Sykes at the 2010 GLAAD Media Awards |
|
| Born | (1964-03-07) March 7, 1964 (age 48) Portsmouth, Virginia, U.S. |
| Spouse | Dave Hall (1991–1998) Alex Sykes (2008–present)[1] |
| Website | Official website |
Wanda Sykes (born March 7, 1964) is an American writer, stand-up comedian, actress, and voice artist. She earned the 1999 Emmy Award for her writing on The Chris Rock Show. In 2004 Entertainment Weekly named Sykes as one of the 25 funniest people in America.[2] She is well known for her role as Barbara Baran on The New Adventures of Old Christine and for her appearances on HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm.
In November 2009, The Wanda Sykes Show, her own late-night talkshow, premiered on Fox, airing Saturday nights, until it was cancelled in April 2010.[3][4][5] Sykes has also had a successful career in film, appearing in Monster-in-Law, My Super Ex-Girlfriend, Evan Almighty, and License to Wed, and voiced characters in Over the Hedge, Barnyard, Brother Bear 2, Rio, and Ice Age: Continental Drift.[6]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Sykes was born in Portsmouth, Virginia and raised in the Washington, D.C., area. Her mother, Marion Louise (née Peoples), worked as a banker, and her father, Harry Ellsworth Sykes, was a US Army colonel employed at the Pentagon.[7] Sykes attended Arundel High School[8] in Gambrills, Maryland, and went on to graduate from Hampton University[8] where she earned a bachelor’s degree in marketing. After college, her first job was as a procurement officer with the National Security Agency (NSA),[8][9] where she worked for five years.[10]
Sykes ' family history was researched for an episode of the 2012 PBS genealogy program Finding Your Roots With Henry Louis Gates Jr. Her ancestry was traced back to a 1683 court case involving her paternal ninth great-grandmother Elizabeth Banks, a free white woman and indentured servant, who gave birth to a biracial child Mary Banks fathered by a slave, who inherited her mother's free status. According to historian Ira Berlin, a specialist in the history of American slavery, the Sykes family history is "... the only such case that I know of in which it is possible to trace a black family rooted in freedom from the late 17th century to the present." [11]
Career[link]
Not completely satisfied with her role with the NSA, Sykes began her stand-up career at a Coors Light Super Talent Showcase in Washington, DC, where she performed for the first time in front of a live audience in 1987.[10][12] She continued to hone her talents at local venues while at the NSA until 1992, when she moved to New York City.[10] Her first big break came when opening for Chris Rock at Caroline's Comedy Club.[10] In 1997, she joined the writing team on The Chris Rock Show and also made many appearances on the show.[12] The writing team was nominated for four Emmys, and in 1999, won for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music, or Comedy Special. Since that time, she has appeared in such films as Pootie Tang and on TV shows such as Curb Your Enthusiasm. In 2003, she starred in her own short-lived Fox network sitcom, Wanda at Large. The same year, Sykes appeared in an hour-long Comedy Central special, Tongue Untied. That network also ranked her #70 on its list of the 100 greatest all-time stand ups. She served as a correspondent for HBO's Inside the NFL, hosted Comedy Central's popular show Premium Blend, and voiced a recurring character named Gladys on Comedy Central's puppet show Crank Yankers. She also had a short-lived show on Comedy Central called Wanda Does It.
In addition to her film and television work, she is also an author. She wrote Yeah, I Said It, a book of humorous observations on various topics, published in September 2004.
In 2006, she landed a recurring role on the sitcom The New Adventures of Old Christine; she became a series regular in the second season. She also guest starred in the Will & Grace episode "Buy, Buy Baby" in 2006. She provided voices for the 2006 films Over the Hedge, Barnyard, and Brother Bear 2. She had a part in My Super Ex-Girlfriend and after playing in Evan Almighty, had a bit part in License to Wed. Sykes' first HBO Comedy Special, entitled Wanda Sykes: Sick & Tired, premiered on October 14, 2006; it was nominated for a 2007 Emmy Award.[13] In 2008, she performed as part of Cyndi Lauper's True Colors Tour for LGBT rights.
In October 2008, Wanda Sykes appeared in a television ad for the Think Before You Speak Campaign, an advertising campaign by GLSEN aimed at curbing homophobic slang in youth communities. In the 30-second spot, she uses humor to scold a teenager for saying "that's so gay" when he really means "that is so bad."[14][15]
In March 2009, it was announced that Sykes would be the host of a new late-night talk show on Saturdays on Fox, The Wanda Sykes Show which was scheduled to premiere November 7, 2009.[16][17] In April 2009, she was named in Out magazine's "Annual Power 50 List", landing at number 35.[18]
In May 2009, Sykes was the featured entertainer for the annual White House Correspondents' Association dinner, becoming both the first African American woman and the first openly LGBT person to get the role. Cedric the Entertainer had been the first African American to become the featured entertainer in 2005. At this event, Sykes made controversial headlines as she responded to conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh's comments regarding President Barack Obama. Limbaugh, in reference to Obama's presidential agenda, had said "I hope he fails". In response, Sykes quipped: "I hope his [Limbaugh's] kidneys fail, how 'bout that? Needs a little waterboarding, that's what he needs."[19]
Her third comedy special, Wanda Sykes: I'ma Be Me premiered on HBO in October 2009.[17] November 2009 saw the premier of The Wanda Sykes Show, which starts with a monologue and continues with a panel discussion in a similar format to Bill Maher's shows Real Time with Bill Maher and Politically Incorrect.
She appeared as Miss Hannigan in a professional theatre production of "Annie" at The Media Theatre in Media, PA, a suburb 25 minutes southwest of Philadelphia. Her first appearance in a musical, she played the role from November 23-December 12, 2010, and again from January 12–23, 2011.[17]
Personal life[link]
Sykes was married to record producer Dave Hall from 1991 to 1998.[10] In November 2008, she publicly came out as lesbian while at a same-sex marriage rally in Las Vegas regarding Proposition 8, which forbids new marriages of same-sex couples in California.[10][20] One month earlier, Sykes married her wife, Alex, whom she met in 2006; they have two children.[1]
During a September 19, 2011 appearance on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Sykes announced that she had been diagnosed earlier in the year with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Although DCIS is a non-invasive "stage zero breast cancer", Sykes had elected to have a bilateral mastectomy in order to remove her chances of getting breast cancer.[21]
Activism[link]
Sykes was "crushed" after California voters passed state Proposition 8.[10][22] She has continued to be active in same-sex marriage issues hosting events and emceeing fundraisers.
Awards[link]
Sykes was nominated for three Primetime Emmys and in 1999 won the Emmy for "Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Special". In 2001, she won the American Comedy Award for "Outstanding Female Stand Up Comic". She won three more Emmys, in 2002, 2004 and 2005, for her work on “Inside the NFL” for “Outstanding Studio Show - Weekly- Inside The NFL", followed by a Comedy Central Commie Award for "Funniest TV Actress in 2003".[23] In 2010 she won a GLAAD award for promoting a good image of equal rights for gays and lesbians.[24][25]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Tomorrow Night | ||
| 2000 | Nutty Professor II: The Klumps | Chantal | |
| 2001 | Down to Earth | Wanda | |
| Pootie Tang | Biggie Shorty | ||
| 2005 | Monster-in-Law | Ruby | |
| 2006 | The Adventures of Brer Rabbit | Sister Moon | Direct-to-video Voice |
| Over the Hedge | Stella (skunk) | Voice | |
| Clerks II | Angry Customer | ||
| My Super Ex-Girlfriend | Carla Dunkirk | ||
| Barnyard | Bessy the Cow | Voice | |
| Brother Bear 2 | Innoko | Direct-to-video Voice |
|
| CondomNation | Linda | ||
| Hammy's Boomerang Adventure | Stella | Voice; Direct-to-video short film (from the Over the Hedge DVD) | |
| 2007 | Evan Almighty | Rita | |
| License to Wed | Nurse Borman | uncredited | |
| 2011 | Rio | Chloe (Canada goose) | voice |
| The Muppets[26][27] | Officer Ethel | Cameo | |
| 2012 | Ice Age: Continental Drift | Granny of Sid | voice |
Television[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997–2000 | The Chris Rock Show | Various Characters | 7 episodes |
| 1999 | Best of the Chris Rock Show | TV special | |
| 2001 | The Downer Channel | Various | First 2 episodes |
| The Drew Carey Show | Christine Watson | Episode: "Eat Drink Drew Woman" Episode: "Mr. Laffoon's Wild Ride" Episode: " Drew and the King" |
|
| 2001–2009 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Wanda | Episode: "Thor" Episode: "The Massage" Episode: "The Benadryl Brownie" Episode: "The Terrorist Attack" Episode: "Krazee-Eyez Killa" Episode: "The Surrogate" Episode: "The Bowtie" Episode: "Funkhouser's Crazy Sister" |
| 2002, 2003 | Crank Yankers | Gladys/Wanda/Gladys Murphy | 3 episodes |
| 2003 | MTV: Reloaded | The Oracle | TV film |
| Wanda at Large | Wanda Mildred Hawkins | All episodes | |
| Chappelle's Show | Herself | Episode: "The Best of Chappelle's Show: Volume 2 Mixtape" | |
| MADtv | Season 9 episode 903 | ||
| 2006 | Will & Grace | Cricket | Episode: "Buy, Buy Baby" |
| 2006–2010 | The New Adventures of Old Christine | Barbara 'Barb' Baran | 42 episodes |
| 2007–present | Back at the Barnyard | Bessy the Cow | 45 episodes |
| 2009 | Wanda Sykes: I'ma Be Me[17] | Stand-up | HBO comedy special |
| 2009 | The Wanda Sykes Show | Herself; also creator, and writer | Talk show |
| 2011 | Drop Dead Diva | Judge | Episode: "Prom"2011 |
| 2011 | Bubble Guppies | The Witch | Guest Appearance "Bubble Puppy's Fin-tastic Fairytale Adventure" |
| 2012 | Futurama | Bev the vending machine | Episode: "The Bots and the Bees"[28] |
Writer[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997-98 | The Keenen Ivory Wayans Show | Writer | 11 episodes |
| 1997-00 | The Chris Rock Show | Writer | Wrote 33 episodes Co-produced 14 episodes |
| 1998 | Comedy Central Presents | Herself and writer (as Wanda Sykes-Hall) | Episode: "Wanda Sykes-Hall" |
| 2001 | Best of the Chris Rock Show: Volume 2 | Writer | TV special |
| The Downer Channel | Writer | Wrote the first 2 episodes | |
| 2002 | The 74th Annual Academy Awards | Special material written by | Award show |
| 2002-03 | Premium Blend | Writer | 4 episodes/Stand-up |
| 2003 | Wanda Sykes: Tongue Untied | Writer | Documentary |
| Wanda at Large | Creator, writer and producer | 19 episodes | |
| 2004 | Wanda Does It | Creator, writer and executive producer | Episode: "Wanda Does Repo" Episode: "Wanda Does Vegas" Episode: "Wanda Does the Sky" Episode: "Wanda Does the Night" Episode: "Wanda Does the WNBA" Episode: "Wanda Does Photos" |
| 2006 | Wanda Sykes: Sick and Tired | Writer | Stand-up |
| 2009 | Wanda Sykes: I'ma Be Me[17] | Writer | Stand-up |
Discography[link]
| Year | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 | Sick & Tired[29] | Image Entertainment |
References[link]
- ^ a b Jordan, Julie (2009-05-13), "Wanda Sykes Becomes Mom of Twins!", People, http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20278746,00.html
- ^ "The Best of the Rest". Entertainment Weekly. 19 March 2004. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,600311_2,00.html. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
- ^ "Wanda Sykes Official Site". Wanda Sykes Returns To Fox. http://www.wandasykes.com/press_pop.php?pressReleaseID=32. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
- ^ "Fox Announces Fall Premiere Dates". THR Live Feed. http://www.thrfeed.com/2009/06/fox-fall-premiere-dates.html. Retrieved July 13, 2009.
- ^ "The Wanda Sykes Show". The Wanda Sykes Show on Fox. http://www.fox.com/programming/shows/?sh=twslnp. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0843100/
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/arts/television/wanda-sykes-finds-ancestors-thanks-to-henry-louis-gates-jr.html
- ^ a b c Katz, Lee Michael. "Funny Girl". Washingtonian.com. http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/capitalcomment/15960.html. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
- ^ "Wanda Sykes Biography". Yahoo! Movies. AEC One Group Stop, Inc.. 2008. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1804481088/bio. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g Karpel, Ari (March 2009). "Black and Gay Like Me". The Advocate (1024). http://www.advocate.com/issue_story_ektid71760.asp.
- ^ Felicia R. Lee (March 19, 2012). "Family Tree’s Startling Roots". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/20/arts/television/wanda-sykes-finds-ancestors-thanks-to-henry-louis-gates-jr.html.
- ^ a b "Wanda Sykes". The Notable Names Database. 2008. http://www.nndb.com/people/626/000044494/. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ "Complete List of 2007 Emmy Nominations", Associated Press, 2007-07-19, http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,289974,00.html, retrieved 2009-11-27
- ^ Juergens, Brian (2008-10-08). "Hilary Duff and Wanda Sykes on "That's so gay": Knock it off!". After Elton. http://www.afterelton.com/blog/brianjuergens/hilary-duff-wanda-sykes-on-thats-so-gay-knock-it-off. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ Think before you speak. Don't say "That's So Gay."
- ^ "Wanda Returns to Fox!" (Press release). Fox. 2009-04-01. http://www.wandasykes.com/press_pop.php?pressReleaseID=32. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ a b c d e Ostrow, Joanne (2009-11-07). "Wanda Sykes brings her sass to late night". Denver Post. http://www.mercurynews.com/tv/ci_13723269. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
- ^ Out magazine
- ^ Bolcer, Julie. "Wanda Sykes Rips Into Rush Limbaugh" The Advocate. 11 May 2009. (accessed May 11, 2009)
Farah, Joseph, "Long Live Rush -- And Free Speech", Creators Syndicate, 2009. - ^ McKinley, Jessie (2008-11-15), "Across U.S., Big Rallies for Same-Sex Marriage", New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/us/16protest.html?_r=1&ref=us, retrieved 2009-11-27
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. "Wanda Sykes: I Had a Double Mastectomy". People. September 23, 2011
- ^ Sarah Warn (November 15, 2008). "Wanda Sykes Comes Out as Gay and Married". http://www.afterellen.com/people/2008/11/wanda-sykes-comes-out. Retrieved 2008-11-22.
- ^ "Wanda Sykes Biography". Comedy Central. May 11, 2009. http://comedians.comedycentral.com/wanda-sykes. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
- ^ [1] After Ellen, April 20, 2010.
- ^ "TV Week GLAAD to honor Wanda Sykes", February 2010
- ^ Jack Black & Zach Galifianakis Join Disney's 'Muppets' Movie
- ^ The New Muppet Movie Will Involve Lady Gaga
- ^ "Countdown to Futurama: Bev Character Design". Comedy Centrl [sic]. May 1, 2012. http://comedycentral.tumblr.com/post/22256496716/bevdesign. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ "Wanda Sykes: Sick & Tired". Publisher website. Image Entertainment. 2007-01-16. http://www.image-entertainment.com/film.asp?ProjectID={319BED48-3F61-404C-AB4E-9C0200CC1CD4}&BusinessUnitID={86E09B33-2863-432E-AFFA-D34EA992FEDF}&ProductID={600FC698-B75A-4528-B496-9C0200CE284E}. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sykes, Wanda |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1964-03-07 |
| Place of birth | Portsmouth, Virginia, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Lady Gaga | |
|---|---|
 Lady Gaga performing on The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta |
| Born | (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 26) New York, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, dance, electronic |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, performance artist, record producer, dancer, businesswoman, activist |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, keyboards |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Def Jam, Cherrytree, Streamline, Kon Live, Interscope |
| Website |
 Lady Gaga's signature |
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfəniː dʒʌrməˈnɑːtə/ STE-fə-nee jurr-mə-NAH-tə; born March 28, 1986), known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in New York City, she primarily studied at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and briefly attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She began performing in the rock music scene of Manhattan's Lower East Side, and was signed with Streamline Records by the end of 2007. During her employment as a songwriter for the record company, her vocal abilities captured the attention of recording artist Akon, who signed her to his label Kon Live Distribution.
Lady Gaga came to prominence as a recording artist following the release of her debut album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success that topped charts around the world and included the international number-one singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". After embarking on the The Fame Ball Tour, she followed the album with The Fame Monster (2009), which spawned the worldwide hit singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone" and "Alejandro". The album's success allowed her to embark on the eighteen-month long Monster Ball Tour, which later became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. Her most recent album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts of most major markets and generated more international chart-topping singles, including "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory". Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and LGBT activism.
Influenced by David Bowie, Michael Jackson, Madonna and Queen, Lady Gaga is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her fashion, performances and music videos. She has sold an estimated 23 million albums and 64 million singles worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time and her singles are some of the best selling worldwide.[1] Her achievements include five Grammy Awards and 13 MTV Video Music Awards. Lady Gaga has consecutively appeared on Billboard magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010), ranked fourth in VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music, is regularly placed on lists composed by Forbes magazine and was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine.[2][3] In 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing more than $25 million.[4]
Contents |
Biography[link]
1986–2004: Early life[link]
Lady Gaga was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986 in New York City to parents Cynthia (née Bissett) and Joseph Germanotta, an Internet entrepreneur.[5][6] Descending from Italian and more distant French-Canadian roots, Gaga is the elder of two children.[7][8] Her sister, Natali, a fashion student, was born in 1992.[9][10] Despite her seemingly affluent upbringing in the family home in Manhattan's Upper West Side, Gaga has stressed that she did not come from a wealthy background, stating that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything—my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father."[11][12]
From the age of 11, Gaga – who was raised Roman Catholic – attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side.[13][14][15] She described her academic life in high school as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure": "I used to get made fun of for being either too provocative or too eccentric, so I started to tone it down. I didn't fit in, and I felt like a freak."[16][17] Acquaintances dispute that she did not fit in at school. "She had a core group of friends; she was a good student. She liked boys a lot, but singing was No. 1," recalled a former high school classmate.[18] Gaga began playing the piano at the age of 4, went on to write her first piano ballad at 13, and started to perform at open mike nights by the age of 14.[19][20] Her passion for musical theatre brought her lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.[21] She also appeared in a very small role as a mischievous classmate in the television drama series The Sopranos in a 2001 episode titled "The Telltale Moozadell" in addition to unsuccessfully auditioning for parts in New York shows.[11][22]
When her time at the Convent of the Sacred Heart came to an end, her mother encouraged her to apply for the Collaborative Arts Project 21 (CAP21), a musical theatre training conservatory at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[11] After becoming one of twenty students to gain early admission, she eventually lived in an NYU dorm on 11th Street by the age of 17.[21] CAP21 prepared her for her future career focus in "music, art, sex and celebrity" where, in addition to sharpening her songwriting skills, she composed essays and analytical papers on art, religion, social issues and politics, including a thesis on pop artists Spencer Tunick and Damien Hirst.[20][23][24] With CAP21, she also tried out for and won auditions, including the part of an unsuspecting diner customer for MTV's Boiling Points, a prank reality television show.[11][25] But Gaga felt more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said.
2005–07: Career beginnings[link]
Gaga withdrew from CAP21 at 19, in the second semester of her sophomore year, deciding to focus on her musical career.[26] Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, on the condition that she re-enroll at Tisch if unsuccessful. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she remembers.[21] Settled in a small apartment on Rivington Street towards the summer of 2005, Gaga recorded a couple of songs with hip-hop singer Grandmaster Melle Mel, for an audio book accompanying the children's book The Portal in the Park, by Cricket Casey.[11][27] She also began a band called the Stefani Germanotta Band (SGBand) with some friends from NYU – guitarist Calvin Pia, bassist Eli Silverman, drummer Alex Beckham and booking manager Frank Fredericks – in September of that year.[11][21] The band played a mixture of songs: some self-penned alongside classic rock numbers like Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er".[11] Playing in bars like the Greenwich Village's The Bitter End and the Lower East Side's the Mercury Lounge, the band developed a small fan base and caught the eye of music producer Joe Vulpis.[11] Soon after arranging time in Vulpis' studio in the months that followed, SGBand were selling their extended plays Words and Red and Blue (both 2005) at gigs around New York while becoming a local fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene.[21]
SGBand reached their career peak at the 2006 Songwriters Hall of Fame New Songwriters Showcase at The Cutting Room in June where Wendy Starland, a musician, appeared as a talent scout for music producer Rob Fusari. Starland informed Fusari – who was searching for a female singer to front a new band – of Gaga's ability and contacted her. With SGBand disbanded, Gaga traveled daily to New Jersey to work on songs she had written and compose new material with the music producer.[11] While in collaboration, Fusari compared some of her vocal harmonies to those of Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen.[28] It was Fusari who helped create the moniker Gaga after the Queen song "Radio Ga Ga". Gaga was in the process of trying to come up with a stage name when she received a text message from Fusari that read "Lady Gaga."[29] He explained, "Every day, when Stef came to the studio, instead of saying hello, I would start singing 'Radio Ga Ga'. That was her entrance song" and that the text message was the result of a predictive text glitch that changed "radio" to "lady". She texted back, "That's it," and declared, "Don't ever call me Stefani again."[29][30] The New York Post, however, has reported that this story is incorrect, and that the name resulted from a marketing meeting.[18]
Although the musical relationship between Fusari and Gaga was unsuccessful at first, the pair soon set up a company titled Team Lovechild in which they recorded and produced electropop tracks and sent them to music industry bosses.[11] Joshua Sarubin, the head of A&R at Def Jam Recordings, responded positively and vied for the record company to take a chance on her "unusual and provocative" performance. After having his boss Antonio "L.A." Reid in agreement, Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006 with the intention of having an album ready in nine months.[11] However, she was dropped by the label after only three months – an unfortunate period of her life that would later inspire her treatment for the music video for her 2011 single "Marry the Night".[31][32] Devastated, Gaga returned to the solace of the family home for Christmas and the nightlife culture of the Lower East Side.[11]
She became increasingly experimental: fascinating herself with emerging neo-burlesque shows, go-go dancing at bars dressed in little more than a bikini in addition to experimenting with drugs.[11][14] Her father, however, did not understand the reason behind her drug intake and could not look at her for several months.[14][30] "I was onstage in a thong, with a fringe hanging over my ass thinking that had covered it, lighting hairsprays on fire, go-go dancing to Black Sabbath and singing songs about oral sex. The kids would scream and cheer and then we'd all go grab a beer. It represented freedom to me. I went to a Catholic school but it was on the New York underground that I found myself."[23] It was then when she became romantically involved with a heavy metal drummer in a relationship and break-up she likened to the musical film Grease: "I was his Sandy, and he was my Danny, and I just broke." He later became an inspiration behind some of her later songs.[33]
During this time, she met performance artist Lady Starlight, who helped mold her on-stage persona.[34] Starlight explained that, upon their first meeting, Gaga wanted to perform with her to songs she had recorded with Fusari. Like SGBand, the pair soon began performing at many of the downtown club venues like the Mercury Lounge, The Bitter End, and the Rockwood Music Hall. Their live performance art piece was known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and, billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a low-fi tribute to 1970s variety acts.[35][36] Soon after, the two were invited to play at the 2007 Lollapalooza music festival in August that year.[37] The show was critically acclaimed, and their performance received positive reviews.[20][35] Having initially focused on avant-garde electronic dance music, Gaga had found her musical niche when she began to incorporate pop melodies and the glam rock of David Bowie and Queen into her music.[38]
While Gaga and Starlight were busy performing, producer Rob Fusari continued to work on the songs he had created with Gaga. Fusari sent these songs to his friend, producer and record executive Vincent Herbert.[39] Herbert was quick to sign her to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records, upon its establishment in 2007.[40] Gaga later credited Herbert as the man who discovered her, adding "I really feel like we made pop history, and we're gonna keep going."[39] Having served as an apprentice songwriter under an internship at Famous Music Publishing, which was later acquired by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Gaga subsequently struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV.[41] As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears and labelmates New Kids on the Block, Fergie, and the Pussycat Dolls.[41] At Interscope, singer-songwriter Akon recognized her vocal abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio.[42] Akon then convinced Interscope-Geffen-A&M Chairman and CEO Jimmy Iovine to form a joint deal by having her also sign with his own label Kon Live, making her his "franchise player."[31][43]
As 2007 came to a close, her former management company introduced her to songwriter and producer RedOne, whom they also managed.[44] The first song she produced with RedOne was "Boys Boys Boys", a mash-up inspired by Mötley Crüe's "Girls, Girls, Girls" and AC/DC's "T.N.T.".[30][44] Gaga continued her collaboration with RedOne in the recording studio for a week on her debut album and also joined the roster of Cherrytree Records, an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum, after co-writing four songs with Kierszenbaum including the singles "Christmas Tree" and "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)".[41] Despite her secure record deal, she admitted that there was fear about her being too "racy", "dance-orientated" and "underground" for the mainstream market. Her response: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next."[15]
[edit] 2008–10: The Fame and The Fame Monster
By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles in order to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album and set up her own creative team Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory.[30][45] The Fame was first released on August 19, 2008 to slow radio play. Gaga supported it by performing around Europe and in small gay clubs around the US in addition to being billed as a supporting artist on the North American leg of New Kids on the Block's reunion concert tour.[46][47] A sleeper hit, lead single "Just Dance" had preceded the album's release by four months but only hit the summit of the international charts in January 2009, provoking the instant success of the album, earning her first Grammy Award nomination (for Best Dance Recording) and becoming one of the best-selling singles worldwide.[46][48] Gaga achieved a greater unexpected success when "Poker Face", another sleeper hit, reached number one in most major music markets worldwide in early 2009, selling 9.8 million singles worldwide.[49][50] The follow-up single won the award for Best Dance Recording at the 52nd Grammy Awards over nominations for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.
The Fame itself was nominated for Album of the Year while winning Best Dance/Electronica Album at the same ceremony.[51] Contemporary critics lauded the album, describing it as an exploration of her obsession with fame and the intricacies of a rich and famous lifestyle, noting its combination of genres "from Def Leppard drums and hand claps to metal drums on urban tracks", the inspiration drawn from 1980s synthpop and incorporation of dance music with clear hooks.[31] The Fame went to number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK and appeared in the top five in Australia, the US and 15 other countries.[52][53] It also stayed atop the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks and, since its release, has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[54] The album's success spawned many 2009 honors including Billboard magazine's Rising Star award and the accumulation of 3 of 9 MTV Video Music Awards nominations, winning Best New Artist with the video for her single "Paparazzi" gaining Best Art Direction and Best Special Effects.[55][56] In addition to being an opening act on the Pussycat Dolls' Doll Domination Tour during the first half of 2009 in Europe and Oceania, she also embarked on her own six-month critically appreciated worldwide concert tour The Fame Ball Tour which ran from March to September 2009.[57][58]
While she traveled the globe, she wrote The Fame Monster, an EP of eight songs released in November 2009. Each song, dealing with the darker side of fame from personal experience, is expressed through a monster metaphor. Making Gaga the first artist in digital history to have three singles (alongside "Just Dance" and "Poker Face") to pass the four million mark in digital sales, its lead single "Bad Romance" topped the charts in eighteen countries and reached the top two in the US, Australia and New Zealand while accruing the Grammy Awards for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video.[59] The second single "Telephone", which features singer Beyoncé, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and became Gaga's fourth UK number one single; its accompanying music video, although controversial, received positive reception from contemporary critics who praised her for "the musicality and showmanship of Michael Jackson and the powerful sexuality and provocative instincts of Madonna."[60][61] Her following single "Alejandro" paired Gaga with fashion photographer Steven Klein for a music video similarly as controversial – critics complimented its ideas and dark nature but the Catholic League attacked Gaga for her alleged use of blasphemy.[62] Despite the controversy surrounding her music videos, they made Gaga the first artist to gain over one billion viral views on video-sharing website YouTube.[63] At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga won 8 of her 13 nominations, including Video of the Year for "Bad Romance" (with "Telephone" also nominated), which made her the first female artist to be nominated twice for the award.[64][65] In addition, The Fame Monster garnered a total of six nominations at the 53rd Grammy Awards – equating to the amount of Grammy nominations her debut received – winning Best Pop Vocal Album and earning her a second-consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.[66][67]
The success of the album allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just weeks after the release of The Fame Monster and months after having finished The Fame Ball Tour.[68] Upon finishing in May 2011, the critically acclaimed and commercially accomplished tour ran for over one and a half years and grossed $227.4 million, making it one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time and the highest-grossing for a debut headlining artist.[69] Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for a HBO television special titled Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden. The special accrued one of its five Emmy Award nominations and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray.[70] Gaga also performed songs from the album at international events such as the 2009 Royal Variety Performance where she sang "Speechless", a power ballad, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II; the 52nd Grammy Awards where her opening performance consisted of the song "Poker Face" and a piano duet of "Speechless" in a medley of "Your Song" with Elton John; and the 2010 BRIT Awards where a performance of an acoustic rendition of "Telephone" followed by "Dance in the Dark" dedicated to the late fashion designer and close friend, Alexander McQueen, supplemented her hat-trick win at the awards ceremony.[71] Other performances may have included her participation in Michael Jackson's This Is It concert series at London's O2 Arena. "I was actually asked to open for Michael on his tour," she stated. "We were going to open for him at the O2 and we were working on making it happen. I believe there was some talk about us, lots of the openers, doing duets with Michael on stage."[72]
In 2009 she collaborated with consumer electronic company Monster Cable Products to create a pair of in-ear jewel-encrusted headphones titled Heartbeats. "They are designed to be the first ever fashion accessories that double as the absolute best sonically sounding headphones in the world," she commented.[73] Gaga also partnered with Polaroid in January 2010 as their Creative Director.[74] Excited about "blending the iconic history of Polaroid and instant film with the digital era," Gaga unveiled the first trio of new products called Grey Label: a pair of picture-taking sunglasses, a paperback-sized mobile printing unit and an updated version of the traditional Polaroid camera at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show.[75] But her collaboration with past producer Rob Fusari led to her production team, Mermaid Music LLC, being sued in March 2010 when he claimed that he was entitled to a 20% share of the company's earnings. Gaga's lawyer, Charles Ortner, described the agreement with Fusari as "unlawful" and declined to comment, but five months later, the New York Supreme Court dismissed both the lawsuit and a countersuit by Gaga.[76][77] In addition to such strife, Gaga was tested borderline positive for lupus, but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms. The revelations caused considerable dismay among fans, leading to Gaga addressing the matter in an interview with Larry King, saying she hopes to avoid symptoms by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.[78][79]
[edit] 2011–present: Born This Way
Gaga released her second studio album and third major release, Born This Way, on May 23, 2011. Described as a marriage of electronic music with metal, rock 'n' roll, pop and anthemic style melodies with sledge-hammering dance beats and referred to as an album "about what what keeps us up at night and what makes us afraid," Gaga characterized it as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a fucking meat dress" and, upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she is taking music to the "next level."[80][81] Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its range of different styles and her vocals.[82][83] Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week in the US, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and topped the charts in more than 20 other countries.[84] In addition to exceeding 8 million copies in worldwide sales, Born This Way received 3 Grammy Award nominations, including her third consecutive for Album of the Year.[85]
In the months prior to its unveiling, Gaga released the singles "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory" alongside promotional single "Hair". The eponymous lead single, first sung live at the 53rd Grammy Awards in a performance that saw Gaga emerge from an egg-like vessel, deals with self-acceptance regardless of race or sexual orientation. The single debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the 19th number-one debut and the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts.[86] It sold more than 3 million digital copies in the US by October 2011, becoming her eighth consecutive single to exceed sales of 2 million and, with worldwide sales of 8.2 million copies by November 2011, one of her five best-selling singles worldwide.[87] Critics noted artistic and cultural references and praised the concept of the song's accompanying music video, in which Gaga gives birth to a new race amidst surrealistic images.[88][89] The video for "Judas", in which Gaga portrays Mary Magdalene, and Biblical figures such as Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot are also featured, was criticized for its religious references but received acclaim for its overall delivery and praise from others who claimed that there was nothing offensive about it.[90] "Judas" also peaked within the top ten in several major musical markets, while "The Edge of Glory", first a commercial success in digital outlets, was later released as a single to critical appreciation, accompanied by a video which was notably stripped down from her usually "extravagant" efforts.[91][92] She released "You and I" and "Marry the Night" as the following singles from Born This Way. Although their "crazy and ambitious" videos were praised for their audacity, both songs failed to match the similar international success that their predecessors achieved.[93]
Gaga continued her musical endeavors by pairing with veteran artists like Tony Bennett to record a jazz version of "The Lady Is a Tramp".[94] She also recorded a duet with Cher on a "massive" and "beautiful" track, which Gaga "wrote a long time ago, and I've never put it on one of my own albums for, really, no particular reason."[95] Gaga also lent her vocals to an original duet with Elton John for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet. The song, "Hello, Hello", was released without Gaga's vocals but the duet version features in the film.[96][97] She also continued her live appearances throughout 2011, performing a one-of-a-kind concert at the Sydney Town Hall on July 13 in promotion of Born This Way and at the celebration of former US president Bill Clinton's 65th birthday, wearing a blond wig as a nod to the famous performance of Marilyn Monroe for John F. Kennedy and changing the lyrics to "You and I" specifically for the performance.[98] Televised appearances comprised her own Thanksgiving Day television special entitled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving which was critically lauded, attained 5.749 million American viewers, and spawned the release of her fourth extended play A Very Gaga Holiday.[99] Her second performance on Saturday Night Live saw her singing a selection of Born This Way songs alongside appearing in number of sketches with Justin Timberlake and Andy Samberg.[100] In March 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing $25,353,039 dollars, which includes sales from Born This Way and her Monster Ball Tour.[4]
In early 2012, Gaga stated that songs for a new album were "beginning to flourish" as she worked with producer Fernando Garibay, while the accompanying tour for Born This Way was materializing.[101][102] Gaga's manager, Vincent Herbert, revealed that Gaga will is working on her upcoming album during the tour, stating that the material is "insane, great records."[103] The Born This Way Ball Tour began on April 27, 2012, at the Olympic Stadium in Seoul, South Korea.[104] The tour was met with protests from several religious groups who denounced the tour as satanic and against religious values, resulting in protests mainly from the Islamic Defenders Front, causing a cancellation in the Indonesian city of Jakarta, where Gaga was denied a license to perform. The concert however was still in question as concert promoters were optimistic that the performance will in fact go on. However, due to threats of violence from Muslim hardliners, Gaga decided to cancel the concert although 52,000 tickets have sold out in just a few days.[105][106][107] On May 20, 2012, Gaga guest-starred on the 23rd season finale of The Simpsons entitled "Lisa Goes Gaga".[108]
Artistry[link]
Influences[link]
Gaga's parents, who exposed her to artists like The Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, The Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin and Elton John had significant influence on her childhood and, presently, still do.[109] "I am a real family girl. When it comes to love and loyalty, I am very old-fashioned. And I am quite down-to-earth for such an eccentric person," she insists.[110] "I'm quite traditional in the family sense. I've always been that way."[109] According to Gaga, Joanne Germanotta – her aunt who died of lupus aged 19 – lives on through her and inspires all of her music and art.[111] Joanne's date of death is tattooed on Gaga's body and, despite dying 12 years before her birth, Gaga commented, "I really believe I have two hearts. I think I actually carry two souls in my body, and that I'm living out the rest of her life and her goodness – she died a virgin, she died never having experienced all these things that we all get to love and experience in our lives."[112] Another spiritual influence on Gaga has been the Indian physician, public speaker and writer Deepak Chopra. Labeling him a "true inspiration", she stated that "he's always reminded me to work in a life of service to my fans and to fulfill my vision and my destiny" in addition to thinking about Chopra when it comes to her work as a musician: "I want so much for it to go beyond the music for my fans."[113]
Musically, Gaga takes influence from numerous musicians from dance-pop singers like Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists like David Bowie and Queen whilst employing the theatrics of artists like Andy Warhol and of her musical theatre roots in performance.[31][114][115] The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" inspired her stage name: "I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called 'Radio Gaga'. That's why I love the name [...] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music," she commented.[18][114][116] Gaga receives regular comparisons to recording artist Madonna who admits that she sees herself reflected in Gaga.[117] In response to the comparisons, Gaga stated, "I don't want to sound presumptuous, but I've made it my goal to revolutionize pop music. The last revolution was launched by Madonna 25 years ago" in addition to commenting that "there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally."[114][118] Like Madonna, Gaga has continued to reinvent herself and, over the years of her career, has drawn musical inspiration from a diverse mix of artists including Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, Cyndi Lauper, Blondie singer Debbie Harry, Scissor Sisters, Prince, Marilyn Manson, Yoko Ono, and Britney Spears.[119]
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Gaga has been influenced by a wide-range of artists as to which she has played homages to, including Madonna (left) and Bruce Springsteen. (Right)
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Gaga has mentioned Spears in several interviews, and revealed, "Britney certainly doesn’t need any freakin’ tips from me! Britney Spears is the queen of pop. I was learning from her."[120] Gaga also paid tribute to Spears during the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards with the MTV Video Vanguard Award, adding that the pop singer "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her."[121]
Gaga has identified fashion as a major influence and has been stylistically compared to English eccentrics Leigh Bowery and Isabella Blow and to American recording artist Cher.[14][26][110][122] She commented that "as a child, she somehow absorbed Cher's out-there fashion sense and made it her own."[122] She has considered Donatella Versace her muse and the late British fashion designer and close friend Alexander McQueen as an inspiration, admitting that "I miss Lee every time I get dressed" while channeling him in some of her work.[14][78] Modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory, Gaga has her own creative production team, which she handles personally, called the Haus of Gaga, who create many of her clothes, stage props, and hairdos.[123] Her adoration of fashion came from her mother, who she stated was "always very well kept and beautiful."[6] "When I'm writing music, I'm thinking about the clothes I want to wear on stage. It's all about everything altogether—performance art, pop performance art, fashion. For me, it's everything coming together and being a real story that will bring back the super-fan. I want to bring that back. I want the imagery to be so strong that fans will want to eat and taste and lick every part of us."[26] The Global Language Monitor named "Lady Gaga" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third.[124] Entertainment Weekly put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying, "Whether it's a dress made of Muppets or strategically placed bubbles, Gaga's outré ensembles brought performance art into the mainstream."[125] Gaga made her runway debut at Thierry Mugler's Paris fashion show in March 2011 where she wore items from Nicola Formichetti's debut women's wear collection.[126] In June of the same year, she won the Council of Fashion Designers of America Award for Fashion Icon.[127] Time Magazine placed Gaga on their "All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List" amongst some of Gaga's inspirations such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and the The Beatles, stating: "Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits. After all, Gaga, born Stefani Germanotta, has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat."[128] She has since devoted her time as a fashion columnist for V magazine, where she has written about her creative process, her studying of the world of pop culture, and her ability to tune into the evolution of pop-culture meme.[129]
In August 2011 she sent to her 15 millions followers that she had at that time on Twitter, a quote about creativity from the book "Creativity"[130] by Osho,[131] which led journalists, on October 28, of the same year, on her arrival to India for the inauguration of a big Formula One motorsport event,[132] to ask her about her connection to him, to which Gaga said she was influenced by his work and that for her, "the creativity is the greatest way of rebellion": "Equality", she concluded, "is one of the most important things in my life".[133]
Musical style[link]
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A 30-second sample of Lady Gaga's "Just Dance" featuring the chorus sung by Lady Gaga and Colby O'Donis in the range of B3 to C♯, backed by a synth marching beat. The song became her first international hit single and sold 7.7 million copies worldwide.
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Continually experimenting with new musical ideas and images, Gaga's musical and performance style is the subject of much analysis and scrutiny from critics. She professes that she is "liberating" herself by constantly reinventing her sound and image, insisting that she has been drawn to such a practice since her childhood.[134] Vocally, Gaga possesses the range of a contralto and exhibits "overwhelming expression, instinctive vocal phrasing, '80s rock reminiscent chest belts and animalistic vocal ticks" while being able to move through 2.4 octaves.[135][136] Refusing to lip sync, Gaga – whose range is frequently compared to those of Madonna and Gwen Stefani – has manipulated her vocal style over the course of her career yet considers Born This Way (2011) "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of."[137][138] In summation of her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote, "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."[139]
Although her early lyrics have been criticized for lacking intellectual stimulation, "[Gaga] does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace."[140] She admits that her songwriting has been misinterpreted; her friend and blogger Perez Hilton articulated her message in a clearer way: "you write really deep intelligent lyrics with shallow concepts." Gaga opined, "Perez is very intelligent and clearly listened to my record from beginning to end, and he is correct."[141] "I love songwriting. It's so funny – I will just jam around in my underwear or I could be washing my dishes. I wrote several songs just at the piano," she confesses.[141] Gaga believes that "all good music can be played at a piano and still sound like a hit."[142] She has covered a wide variety of topics in her songs: while The Fame (2008) meditates on the lust for stardom, The Fame Monster (2009) expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. Born This Way (2011) is sung in English, French, German and Spanish and includes common themes in Gaga's controversial songwriting like love, sex, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom and individualism.[143][144]
The structure of her music is said to echo classic 1980s pop and 1990s Europop.[145] Her debut album The Fame (2008) provoked The Sunday Times to assert "in combining music, fashion, art and technology, [Gaga] evokes Madonna, Gwen Stefani circa 'Hollaback Girl', Kylie Minogue 2001 or Grace Jones right now" and a critic from The Boston Globe to comment that she draws "obvious inspirations from Madonna to Gwen Stefani... in [her] girlish but sturdy pipes and bubbly beats."[146][147] Music critic Simon Reynolds wrote that "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats."[148] The follow-up The Fame Monster (2009), saw Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q" while Born This Way (2011) also draws on the records of her childhood and still has the "electro-sleaze beats and Eurodisco chorus chants" of its predecessor but includes genres as diverse as opera, heavy metal, disco, and rock and roll.[143] "There isn't a subtle moment on the album, but even at its nuttiest, the music is full of wide-awake emotional details," wrote Rolling Stone, who concluded: "The more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[144]
Music videos and performances[link]
With constant costume changes, backup dancers, and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films.[149] "Being provocative is not just about getting people's attention. It's about saying something that really affects people in a real way, in a positive way," she professes.[149] Exploring bondage and sadomasochism in addition to highlighting prevalent feminist themes, "the three central themes that shape Lady Gaga's music videos are sex, violence, and power."[150] "Vaudevillian and carnal, Lady Gaga has got the knack of sending rape-like fantasies—in songs and videos that double as catch club hits—to the top of the charts," wrote one critic.[151] "Whether it is physical violence or sexual exploitation, these videos offer vivid depictions of male power over women's bodies," wrote another.[150] While she labels herself "a little bit of a feminist" (she rejects man-hating feminism) and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women,"[151] Gaga strives to empower young women to stand up for what they believe in.[150] She also attempts to liberate her fans so they can feel "less alone."[152] "She not only reiterates her assertion of total originality," professed pop critic Ann Powers, "but also finesses it until it's both a philosophical stance about how constructing a persona from pop-cultural sources can be an expression of a person's truth—a la those drag queens Gaga sincerely admires—and a bit of a feminist act."[153] In summation of her videos, Rolling Stone used the rhetoric: "does anyone look to a Lady Gaga video for restraint?"[93]
Her performances are described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV.[154] She continued the "blood soaked" theme during The Monster Ball Tour, in which she wore a revealing leather corset and was "attacked" by a performer dressed in black who gnaws on her throat, causing "blood" to spurt down her chest, after which she lies "dying" in a pool of blood. Her performances of that scene in England triggered protests from family groups and fans in the aftermath of a local tragedy, in which a taxi driver had murdered 12 people.[155] "What happened in Bradford is very fresh in people's minds and given all the violence which happened in Cumbria just hours earlier, it was insensitive," said Lynn Costello of Mothers Against Violence.[156] Her unconventionality continued at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards: performing in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivering a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I".[157] Some have defended her flamboyant and provocative behavior. "Well, she's Lady Gaga," Chris Rock said. "She's not 'Lady Behave Yourself.' Do you want great behavior from a person named Gaga? Is this what you were expecting?"[158] As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years. However, the pair parted in November 2011; Gaga replacing her with Gibson's assistant Richard Jackson.[159] Gaga admits to being a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. "I'm very bossy. I can scream my head off if I see one light fixture out. I'm very detailed – every minute of the show has got to be perfect."[149]
Public image[link]
See also: Lady Gaga on Twitter
While Rolling Stone named Gaga the "Queen of Pop" in 2011, public reception of Gaga's music, fashion sense and persona are mixed.[160] Her status as a role model, self-esteem booster for her fans, trailblazer and fashion icon who breathes new life into the industry is by turns affirmed and denied.[161] Gaga's albums have received mostly positive reviews and critics have pointed out her unique place in pop music, the need for new movements in popular culture, the attention Gaga brings to modern social issues, and the inherently subjective nature of her art.[162] In view of her influence on modern culture and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has organized a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame" since spring 2011 with the objective of unravelling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga."[163] When Gaga briefly met with US president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he described the interaction as "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels making her undoubtedly the tallest woman in the room.[164]
Contrary to her outré style, the New York Post described her early look as like "a refugee from Jersey Shore" with "big black hair, heavy eye makeup and tight, revealing clothes."[18] Gaga is a natural brunette; she bleached her hair blonde because she was often mistaken for Amy Winehouse.[6] She has nine tattoos on the left side of her body (her father has banned etchings on her right): a unicorn head with a ribbon wrapped around its horn that says "Born This Way"; a small heart with "dad" written inside it; several white roses; a treble clef; three daises; "Tokyo Love" with a little heart; "Little Monsters" written in cursive; a peace symbol, which was inspired by John Lennon, whom she stated was her hero; and a curling German script on her left arm quoting the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, her favorite writer, commenting that his "philosophy of solitude" spoke to her.[116][165] In a question posed about the necessary procedure to attach the prosthetics to give the unconventional appearance of recent horn-like ridges on her cheekbones, temples, and shoulders, Gaga responded, "They're not prosthetics, they're my bones." She also clarified that they were not the result of plastic surgery, believing such surgery to only be the modern byproduct of fame-induced insecurity to which she does not subscribe. The interviewer's further probing brought Gaga to the conclusion that they are an artistic representation of her inner inspirational light and part of the "performance piece" that is her musical persona: an inevitability of her becoming who she now is.[166]
Towards the end of 2008, comparisons were made between the fashions of Gaga and recording artist Christina Aguilera that noted similarities in their styling, hair, and make-up.[14] Aguilera stated that she was "completely unaware of [Gaga]" and "didn't know if it [was] a man or a woman."[14] Gaga released a statement in which she welcomed the comparisons due to the attention providing useful publicity, saying, "She's such a huge star and if anything I should send her flowers, because a lot of people in America didn't know who I was until that whole thing happened. It really put me on the map in a way."[167][168] When interviewed by Barbara Walters for her annual ABC News special 10 Most Fascinating People in 2009, Gaga dismissed the claim that she is intersex as an urban legend. Responding to a question on this issue, she stated, "At first it was very strange and everyone sorta said, 'That's really quite a story!' But in a sense, I portray myself in a very androgynous way, and I love androgyny."[169] In addition to Aguilera's statement, comparisons continued into 2010, when Aguilera released the music video of her single "Not Myself Tonight". Critics noted similarities between the song and its accompanying music video with Gaga's video for "Bad Romance".[170] There have also been similar comparisons made between Gaga's style and that of fashion icon Dale Bozzio from the band Missing Persons. Some have considered their respective images to be strikingly parallel although fans of Missing Persons note that Bozzio had pioneered the look more than thirty years earlier.[171]
While devout followers call Gaga "Mother Monster", Gaga often refers to her fans as "Little Monsters" which has been tattooed on "the arm that holds my mic" in dedication.[172][173] Her treatment of her "Little Monsters" has inspired criticism, due to the highly commercial nature of her music and image.[174] To some, this dichotomy contravenes the concept of outsider culture. Camille Paglia in her 2010 cover story "Lady Gaga and the death of sex" in The Sunday Times asserts that Gaga "is more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those."[175][176] Writing for The Guardian, Kitty Empire opined that the dichotomy "...allows the viewer to have a 'transgressive' experience without being required to think. At [her performance's] core, though, is the idea that Gaga is at one with the freaks and outcasts. The Monster Ball is where we can all be free. This is arrant nonsense, as the scads of people buying Gaga's cunningly commercial music are not limited to the niche worlds of drag queens and hip night creatures from which she draws her inspiration. But Gaga seems sincere."[177]
Philanthropy[link]
Besides her career in music, Gaga has also contributed to various charities. For natural disasters, Gaga has helped various relief efforts. Although declining an invitation to appear on the single "We Are the World 25" to benefit victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, she donated the proceeds of her January 24, 2010 concert at New York's Radio City Music Hall to the country's reconstruction relief fund.[178] All profits from her official online store on that day were also donated. Gaga announced that an estimated total of US$500,000 was collected for the fund.[179] Hours after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011, Gaga tweeted a message and a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts.[180] As of March 29, 2011, the bracelets raised $1.5 million.[181] However, attorney Alyson Oliver filed a lawsuit against Gaga in Detroit in June 2011, noting that the bracelet was subject to a sales tax and an extra $3.99 shipping charge was added to the price. She also believed that not all proceeds from the bracelets would go to the relief efforts, demanding a public accounting of the campaign and refunds for people who had bought the bracelet. Gaga's spokesperson called the lawsuit "meritless" and "misleading".[182] On June 25, 2011, Gaga performed at MTV Japan's charity show in Makuhari Messe, which benefited the Japanese Red Cross.[183]
HIV and AIDS[link]
Gaga also contributes in the fight against HIV and AIDS, focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with Cyndi Lauper, Gaga joined forces with MAC Cosmetics to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam. Titled Viva Glam Gaga and Viva Glam Cyndi for each contributor respectively, all net proceeds of the lipstick line were donated to the cosmetic company's campaign to prevent HIV and AIDS worldwide.[184] In a press release, Gaga declared, "I don't want Viva Glam to be just a lipstick you buy to help a cause. I want it to be a reminder when you go out at night to put a condom in your purse right next to your lipstick."[185] The sales of Gaga-endorsed Viva Glam lipstick and lipgloss have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.[3]
Born This Way Foundation[link]
Main article: Born This Way Foundation
As a humanitarian, she has launched her own non-profit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on youth empowerment and issues like self-confidence, well-being, anti-bullying, mentoring, and career development. "My mother and I have initiated a passion project. We call it the Born This Way Foundation," Gaga said in a statement about the foundation, which takes its name from the 2011 single and album. "Together we hope to establish a standard of Bravery and Kindness, as well as a community worldwide that protects and nurtures others in the face of bullying and abandonment." The foundation will work with a number of partners, including the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The California Endowment and the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.[186] She also jumped into the debate surrounding SB 1070, Arizona's recently-enacted anti-immigration law, after premiering her Born This Way song "Americano" on the Guadalajara stop of The Monster Ball Tour in Mexico, telling the local press that she could not "stand by many of the unjust immigration laws" in the US.[187] A devoted advocate for the LGBT community, Gaga is also an outspoken activist for LGBT rights worldwide.[188] On February 29, 2012, Gaga and Oprah Winfrey visited Harvard University to launch her Born This Way Foundation.
LGBT advocacy[link]
Gaga attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her gay fans and is considered to be a gay icon.[189] Early in her career she had difficulty getting radio airplay, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community. I've got so many gay fans and they're so loyal to me and they really lifted me up. They'll always stand by me and I'll always stand by them. It's not an easy thing to create a fanbase."[190] She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based LGBT marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of The Fame, saying, "I love you so much. You were the first heartbeat in this project, and your support and brilliance means the world to me. I will always fight for the gay community hand in hand with this incredible team."[191] One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the NewNowNext Awards, an awards show aired by the LGBT television network Logo, where she sang her song "Just Dance".[192] In June of the same year, she performed the song again at the San Francisco Pride event.[193]
After The Fame was released, she revealed that the song "Poker Face" was about her bisexuality. In an interview with Rolling Stone, she spoke about how her boyfriends tended to react to her bisexuality, saying "The fact that I'm into women, they're all intimidated by it. It makes them uncomfortable. They're like, 'I don't need to have a threesome. I'm happy with just you'."[33] When she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in May 2009, she praised DeGeneres for being "an inspiration for women and for the gay community".[194] She proclaimed that the October 11, 2009 National Equality March rally on the National Mall was "the single most important event of her career." As she exited, she left with an exultant "Bless God and bless the gays,"[195] similar to her 2009 MTV Video Music Awards acceptance speech for Best New Artist a month earlier.[196] At the Human Rights Campaign Dinner, held the same weekend as the rally, she performed a cover of John Lennon's "Imagine" declaring that "I'm not going to [play] one of my songs tonight because tonight is not about me, it's about you." She changed the original lyrics of the song to reflect the death of Matthew Shepard, a college student murdered because of his sexuality.[197]
Gaga attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four service members of the United States Armed Forces (Mike Almy, David Hall, Katie Miller and Stacy Vasquez), all of whom, under the United States military's "Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) policy, had been prohibited from serving openly because of their sexuality.[198] In addition, Gaga wore a meat dress to the ceremony which was supplemented by boots, a purse and a hat that were all fabricated from the flesh of a dead animal.[199] Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, Vogue.com UK named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 while Time magazine's named the dress the Fashion Statement of 2010, it received divided opinions – evoking the attention of worldwide media but invoking the fury of animal rights organization PETA.[200][201][202] She denied any intention of causing disrespect to any person or organization and wished for the dress to be interpreted as a statement of human rights with focus upon those in the LGBT community, adding that "If we don't stand up for what we believe in and if we don't fight for our rights, pretty soon we're going to have as much rights as the meat on our own bones."[203]
She later released three videos on YouTube urging her fans to contact their Senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In late September 2010 she spoke at the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network's "4the14K" Rally in Deering Oaks Park in Portland, Maine. The name of the rally signified the number – an estimated 14,000 – of service members discharged under the DADT policy at the time. During her remarks, she urged members of the U.S. Senate (and in particular, moderate Republican Senators from Maine, Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins) to vote in favor of legislation that would repeal the DADT policy. Following this event, editors of The Advocate commented that she had become "the real fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians, one that Barack Obama had promised to be.[204][205]
Gaga appeared at Europride, a pan-European international event dedicated to LGBT pride, held in Rome in June 2011. In a nearly twenty-minute speech, she criticized the intolerant state of gay rights in many European countries and described homosexuals as "revolutionaries of love" before performing acoustic renderings of "Born This Way" and "The Edge of Glory" in front of thousands at the Circus Maximus.[206][207] She stated that "Today and every day we fight for freedom. We fight for justice. We beckon for compassion, understanding and above all we want full equality now".[208] Gaga revealed that she is often questioned why she dedicates herself to "gayspeak" and "how gay" she is, to which, she told the audience: "Why is this question, why is this issue so important? My answer is: I am a child of diversity, I am one with my generation, I feel a moral obligation as a woman, or a man, to exercise my revolutionary potential and make the world a better place." She then joked: "On a gay scale from 1 to 10, I'm a Judy Garland fucking 42."[209]
Discography[link]
For the full list, see Lady Gaga discography.
- The Fame (2008)
- The Fame Monster (2009)
- Born This Way (2011)
Filmography[link]
- Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden (2011)
- A Very Gaga Thanksgiving (2011)
- "Lisa Goes Gaga" (The Simpsons episode) (2012)
- Men in Black 3 (Plays the role of an alien.) (2012)[210]
Concert tours[link]
- The Fame Ball Tour (2009)
- Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (2009–10) (cancelled)
- The Monster Ball Tour (2009–11)
- The Born This Way Ball Tour (2012–13)
See also[link]
 |
Book: Lady Gaga |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga
- Honorific nicknames in popular music
- List of best-selling music artists
References[link]
- ^ "Lady Gaga to perform at Belfast MTV awards". BBC. 2011-10-17. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-15340049. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (2010-09-12). "Lady Gaga Is Billboard's 2010 Artist of the Year, Ke$ha Takes Top New Act". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/news/lady-gaga-is-billboard-s-2010-artist-of-1004134049.story.
- ^ a b "Lady Gaga Profile". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/profile/lady-gaga. Retrieved 2010-10-08.
- ^ a b "Music's Top 40 Money Makers 2012". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/top-40-money-makers-2012-1006415552.story. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
- ^ "Lady GaGa: Biography". TV Guide. http://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/lady-gaga/bio/294098. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ a b c Warrington, Ruby (2009-02-22). "Lady Gaga: ready for her close-up". The Sunday Times (News International). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5746827.ece. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ "Mom accompanies Gaga to control her wild ways". Sify.com. http://www.sify.com/movies/mom-accompanies-gaga-to-control-her-wild-ways-news-hollywood-leeokdibddf.html. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ Weiss, Shari (2011-05-14). "Lady Gaga is related to Madonna: Documents show pop singers are ninth cousins once removed – New York Daily News". Articles.nydailynews.com. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-14/gossip/29558003_1_lady-gaga-william-and-kate-middleton-cousins. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ FitzSimons, Amanda. "Lady Gaga's Little Sister, Natali Germanotta Tells All". Teen Vogue. http://www.teenvogue.com/style/2011/09/natali-germanotta#intro. Retrieved 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Lady Gaga's Sis Makes Cameo in "Telephone" Video". uk.eonline.com, E! Online. http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b171698_lady_gagas_sis_makes_cameo_in_telephone.html. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Morgan, Johnny (2010). Gaga. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-8059-1.
- ^ Barber, Lynn (2009-12-06). "Shady lady: The truth about pop's Lady Gaga". The Sunday Times (London: News International). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6940885.ece. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ Montogomery, James (2010-06-09). "Lady Gaga's 'Alejandro' Director Defends Video's Religious Symbolism". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1641149/lady-gagas-alejandro-director-defends-videos-religious-symbolism.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g Hattie, Collins (2008-12-14). "Lady GaGa: the future of pop?". The Sunday Times (London: News International). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article5325327.ece. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ a b Sturges, Fiona (2009-05-16). "Lady Gaga: How the world went crazy for the new queen of pop". The Independent (Independent News & Media). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/lady-gaga-how-the-world-went-crazy-for-the-new-queen-of-pop-1684375.html. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
- ^ Bream, Jon (2009-03-21). "Don't Gag on Gaga". Star Tribune (The Star Tribune Company). http://www.startribune.com/entertainment/music/41533957.html. Retrieved 2010-01-23.
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- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-11-02). "Lady Gaga Launches Born This Way Foundation". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1673633/lady-gaga-born-this-way-foundation.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- ^ Latina Staff (2011-05-10). "From Fernando to Alejandro: the Latinos Behind Lady Gaga" (in Spanish). Latina. http://www.latina.com/entertainment/music/fernando-alejandro-latinos-behind-lady-gaga. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
- ^ Zak, Dan (2009-10-12). "For Gay Activists, The Lady Is a Champ". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/11/AR2009101101892_2.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ Thomas, Matt (2009-07-09). "Going Gaga". Fab (Pink Triangle Press) 54 (9): 45.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-05-07). "Lady Gaga On Success: 'The Turning Point For Me Was The Gay Community'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1610781/20090506/lady_gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ The Fame (Liner notes). Lady Gaga. Interscope Records. 2008. 2726601.
- ^ "NewNowNext Awards". 2008-05-03. http://www.logotv.com/video/franchise.jhtml?ctid=1956. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ "2008 Main Stage Line-Up". San Francisco Pride. 2008-06-13. http://www.sfpride.org/celeb/mainstage_08.html. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ "Lady GaGa's wacky headgear almost knocks out chat show host Ellen DeGeneres". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). 2009-05-13. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1181210/Lady-GaGas-wacky-headgear-knocks-chat-host-Ellen-DeGeneres.html. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ Brand, Fowler (2009-10-12). "Kanye Who? Lady Gaga Teams Up With President Obama". E! Entertainment Television (E! Online). http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b148428_kanye_who_lady_gaga_teams_up_with.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-08-14). "Lady Gaga's Shocking 2009 VMA Fashion Choices". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621407/20090914/lady_gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ Carter, Nicole (2009-12-10). "Lady Gaga performs her version of 'Imagine' at the Human Rights Campaign dinner in Washington D.C". Daily News. News Corporation. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2009/10/12/2009-10-12_lady_gaga_performs_her_version_of_imagine_at_the_human_rights_campaign_dinner_in.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Zezima, Katy (2010-09-20). "Lady Gaga Goes Political in Maine". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/us/politics/21gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ Roberts, Laura (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga's meat dress divides opinion". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8001267/Lady-Gagas-meat-dress-divides-opinion.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ VOGUE.COM UK VOGUE.COM UK – The Best Dressed People of the Year 2010
- ^ Luscombe, Belinda (2010-12-09). "Lady Gaga – The Top 10 Everything of 2010 – TIME". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2035319_2034464,00.html. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ Winterman, Denise; Kelly, Jon (2010-09-14). "Five interpretations of Gaga's meat dress". BBC (BBC Online). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11297832. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Lee, Ann (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga defends meat dress by claiming she's no 'piece of meat'". Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/840850-lady-gaga-defends-meat-dress-by-claiming-shes-no-piece-of-meat. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Gaga: We've Found Our Fierce Advocate". The Advocate. 2010-09-28. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/09/21/Lady_Gaga_Weve_Found_Our_Fierce_Advocate/. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ McGann, Laura (2008-12-08). "Obama: I'm a 'Fierce Advocate' for Gay and Lesbians". The Washington Independent. http://washingtonindependent.com/22526/obama-im-a-fierce-advocate-for-gay-and-lesbians. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
- ^ Blauvelt, Christian (2011-06-13). "Lady Gaga speaks out at massive Europride event in Rome: Can she meaningfully affect gay rights? – VIDEO". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/06/13/lady-gaga-rome-europride-gay-rights/. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady GaGa Performs At EuroPride In Rome". MTV. 2011-06-13. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/lady-gaga/news/276972-lady-gaga-europride-italy-gay-rights. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady Gaga champions gay rights at EuroPride". Metro. London. 2011-06-12. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/866055-lady-gaga-champions-gay-rights-at-europride. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Wockner, Rex (2011-06-16). "Australians accept marriage equality". The Bay Area Reporter. http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=5784. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Review: Unnecessary ‘Men in Black 3’ just O‘K’ compared to predecessors - a-e - The Lantern - Ohio State University
Further reading[link]
- Herbert, Emily (2010). Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop. John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-963-4.
- Goodman, Elizabeth (2010). Lady Gaga: Critical Mass Fashion. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-66840-6.
- Morgan, Johnny (2010). Gaga. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-8059-1.
- Parvis, Sarah (2010). Lady Gaga. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-9795-6.
- Phoenix, Helia (2010). Lady Gaga: Just Dance—The Biography. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4091-1567-0.
- Monster Anthems (2011) by Robert Christgau
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lady Gaga |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lady Gaga |
- Official website
- Lady Gaga at Allmusic
- Lady Gaga at AllRovi
- Lady Gaga discography at Discogs
- Lady Gaga on Facebook
- Lady Gaga at the Internet Movie Database
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about Lady Gaga in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Slide show Vanity Fair
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Germanotta, Stefani Joanne Angelina |
| Alternative names | Lady Gaga |
| Short description | American pop singer |
| Date of birth | March 28, 1986 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Gaga
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kathy Griffin | |
|---|---|
 Griffin at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival |
|
| Born | Kathleen Mary Griffin (1960-11-04) November 4, 1960 (age 51) Oak Park, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress, comedian, writer, producer |
| Years active | 1978–present |
| Spouse | Matt Moline (2001–2006) |
Kathleen Mary "Kathy" Griffin (born November 4, 1960) is an American actress, comedian, model, writer and producer. Born in Oak Park, Illinois, she moved to Los Angeles in 1978, where she studied drama at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute and became a member of improvisational comedy troupe The Groundlings. In the 1990s, Griffin began performing as a stand-up and also appeared as a guest star on several television shows. She achieved recognition in a supporting role on the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan (1996–2000).
Her breakthrough came on the Bravo reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (2005–2010), which became a ratings hit for the network and earned her two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Reality Program. Griffin has released four comedy albums, with all of them receiving Grammy Award nominations. Her first album, For Your Consideration (2008), made her the first female comedian to debut atop of the Billboard Top Comedy Albums chart. In 2009, she released her autobiography Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin, which topped The New York Times Best Seller list. Griffin has also taped stand-up specials with HBO and Bravo.
Griffin is an LGBT activist involved in causes such as same-sex marriage and the repeal of "Don't ask, don't tell". She has also participated in two USO tours. Influenced by acts such as Joan Rivers and Don Rickles, Griffin is known for her conversational style and controversial statements on pop culture, religion and sexuality. She is recognized as one of the top female comedians in the United States. In 2011, she became the first comedian to have four television specials in a year.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kathleen Mary Griffin was born in Oak Park, Illinois on November 4, 1960.[1] Her mother, Mary Margaret "Maggie" (née Corbally), and her father, John Patrick Griffin, were first-generation Irish Americans.[2][3] Maggie worked as a cashier in the Oak Park Hospital.[4] The last of five children, her siblings are Kenny, Joyce, Gary, and John.[1] Griffin described herself during her early years as "a kid who needed to talk, all the time".[2] She would often visit her neighbors, the Bowens, to tell them stories about her family; she has referred to these visits as her first live shows and the place where she learned "the power of juicy material".[5] When most of her siblings moved, Griffin often spent hours alone in the house, and she developed a binge eating disorder. She explained that even though eating disorders were not very well known at that time, she knew that her eating behavior was aberrant and always threw the garbage away in the neighbor's can.[6] In her 2009 autobiography Official Book Club Selection, Griffin confessed that she "still suffers [from food issues]" but has learned to "deal with them".[7]
As a young girl Griffin attended St. Bernadine's Elementary School, and began to develop a dislike for organized religion due to the punishments of the nuns towards her and other "vulnerable" students.[8] After graduation, she attended Oak Park and River Forest High School and sought refuge in musical theatre, playing roles such as Rosemary on How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hodel in Fiddler on the Roof.[9] During her senior year she began arguing with her parents, who wanted her to attend college, because she wanted to become a professional actress. Her first appearance on television was as an extra on a Chicago White Sox commercial, and she was signed with different Chicago talent agencies. At age eighteen, Griffin convinced her parents to move to Los Angeles to help her become famous.[10]
At age nineteen, Griffin attended a show of the California-based improvisational group The Groundlings. She said, "I thought. This is where I want to be. This is the greatest thing in the world." After the show ended, she went backstage and asked member Phil Hartman about it.[11]
Career[link]
Stand-up comedy, TV, and film[link]
 |
This section of a biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2008) |
Griffin began performing in the early 1980s in the Los Angeles improv comedy troupe The Groundlings. In an E! True Hollywood Story segment, she stated that she often went to see the Groundlings perform before she joined. She said that, at one show, she went backstage and talked with Groundling member Phil Hartman and asked him what the group was all about. Struggling to make it in the Los Angeles acting scene, she joined the troupe after a failed audition for the lead role in the film version of Harriet the Spy. This led to her taking classes there and eventually being asked into the group's main company. When she attended The Groundlings, she became best friends with the late Judy Toll, who is mentioned in Griffin's book.
She went on to perform stand-up comedy and became part of the burgeoning alternative comedy scene in Los Angeles, appearing at Un-Cabaret and her own show "Hot Cup of Talk",[12] later the title of Griffin's 1998 solo HBO special.
Griffin made an appearance in Quentin Tarantino's 1994 film Pulp Fiction, as a pedestrian coming to the aid of Marcellus Wallace (Ving Rhames) after he is hit by a car driven by Butch Coolidge (Bruce Willis).
She broke into film with the supporting role of Connie in the horror film The Unborn, starring Brooke Adams.
Griffin gradually amassed such TV and film credits as a role in comedian Julie Brown's Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful, a Showtime parody of the 1991 Madonna film Truth or Dare; two appearances as the character Susan Klein, a reporter, on NBC's The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, her TV sitcom debut; fellow comic Bob Goldthwait's film Shakes the Clown; as the enthusiastic leader of a fanatical car club on the Ellen episode "Oh, Sweet Rapture", airing in January 1996; starring in a dual-role in a seventh season episode of The X-Files, and an episode of ABC's divorce-attorney series Civil Wars, Griffin's dramatic-series debut. In addition, she appeared on Ugly Betty as a fashion channel reporter.
After starring in an HBO Half Hour Comedy Special, Griffin had her first consistent public exposure in 1996, when she was cast as the acerbic colleague of Brooke Shields' title character on the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan. In 1998, Griffin starred in her first one-hour special, HBO's Kathy Griffin: A Hot Cup of Talk. She honed a comedy and television career that poked fun at her relatively modest place in the Hollywood hierarchy in a self-deprecating manner. She frequently appears in such self-consciously tacky projects as the reality show competition Celebrity Mole Hawaii, in which she won the 2003 edition after undergoing such experiences as walking over hot lava with her bare feet. She identifies her victory as the moment she became a "D-list" celebrity.
Griffin also has a secondary career in voiceover work and has been featured on a variety of projects such as the animated series Dilbert and Spider-Man: The New Animated Series.
Griffin's TV production company is called Inappropriate Laughter, a reference to her sometimes shocking form of humor.
In 2000, she appeared in Eminem's "The Real Slim Shady" music video as a nurse.
On June 12, 2008, Griffin hosted the first ever Bravo! A-List Awards. Included in the show was a scene where Griffin mimicked a "wardrobe malfunction" (referring to the infamous Janet Jackson Super Bowl halftime show controversy in 2004). She also hosted the 2009 Bravo A-List Awards, which aired on April 15, 2009 and her Bravo special Kathy Griffin: She'll Cut a Bitch, taped on March 4, 2009 in Portland, Oregon, aired beforehand. Shout! Factory released an extended version of the show on DVD in early 2010.[13]
On September 8, 2009, Ballantine Books published Griffin's memoir, titled Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin. The book debuted at No. 1 on the New York Times Bestseller List. A week prior, she released her second comedy album, Suckin' It for the Holidays. It is the comedian's second bid to win a Grammy Award.[14][15]
It was announced on November 3, 2009, that Griffin was to host ABC's new show Let's Dance, which was supposed to premiere immediately after the finale of Dancing with the Stars on November 23. On the show, celebrity contestants would have re-enacted famous routines from past music videos, movies, and musicals, while competing for a $250,000 grand prize for their favorite charity.[16] However, the show never aired.
Griffin hosted CNN's New Year's Eve Broadcast on December 31, 2009, along with Anderson Cooper. As Cooper talked about the Balloon boy hoax, Griffin said the word "fucking" while making fun of the pronunciation of Falcon Heene, the six-year-old boy who was said to have been trapped in the balloon.[17] Although Griffin was rumored to be banned from future CNN broadcasts,[18] she co-hosted the show again with Cooper, on December 31, 2010 and 2011.[19]
Griffin has also guest-starred in an episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, playing a lesbian activist.[20]
Since the 2008 presidential election Griffin has made frequent jokes about the Palin family. Shots at Sarah Palin, her husband Todd Palin, and their eldest daughter Bristol Palin have garnered cheers but also boos.[21] Griffin parodied Palin in Glee, wearing a red power-suit and wide-rimmed glasses, posing as a judge at the regionals singing competition. Griffin also poked fun at Christine O'Donnell in the show by stating "Before we start, I would like to say I am not a witch."[22][23]
On March 15, 2011, Griffin had a guest starring role on Glee in the episode "Original Song" as a Regionals competition judge, "Twitterer and former Tea Party candidate" Tammy Jean Albertson. Her character complained about a duet of Hey Monday's "Candles" between two young men, Kurt Hummel and Blaine Anderson, and automatically accused their school, Dalton Academy, of being a "gay school". She also remarks that the show's primary Glee club's, New Directions, performance of "Loser Like Me" was disgraceful because "when I lost the election, I didn't sing about being a loser, I twittered that Obama is a terrorist"; this remark almost started an argument between her and fellow judge Sister Mary Constance (Loretta Devine). On January 7, 2012, it was announced that—along with having two more stand-up specials on Bravo—Griffin will start a weekly one-hour talk show on the channel, Kathy, which will consist of stand-up routines, "rant about pop culture" and celebrity interviews.[24] The first show aired on April 17, 2012 on Bravo.
[edit] Guest co-host of The View
Kathy Griffin served as the unofficial guest co-host of The View from May 2007 to September 2007, and was considered to join the panel as a replacement for the recently departed Rosie O'Donnell.[25][26] However, Whoopi Goldberg was ultimately selected as the permanent replacement. On September 10, 2007, Sherri Shepherd took over the remaining co-host spot that had been vacant since Star Jones's departure. Walters stated that she was worried about hiring another loose cannon after the troubles with O'Donnell.
Griffin divulged in her stand-up that she is now banned from The View after talking about the gig on her televised comedy special, Kathy Griffin: Straight to Hell.[27] While declining to discuss the ban on Access Hollywood,[28] during the filming of an episode for My Life on the D-List with former View co-host/moderator Rosie O'Donnell, Griffin did talk about the ban, specifically targeting View executive producer Bill Geddie. Griffin has also been mentioned as a possible replacement for Walters in the event she departs the show. As of August 2009, Griffin had been un-banned from The View and was a guest on September 18, 2009, and June 15, 2010. However, in an interview on The Talk, Griffin has stated she has been re-banned from The View,[29] due to an argument with View co-host Elisabeth Hasselbeck.[30]
[edit] Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List
Main article: Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List
Emmy Awards controversy[link]
The second season, which premiered on June 6, 2006, brought Griffin the 2007 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program, non-competition, on September 8, 2007. She received it during the Creative Arts Emmy, which was hosted by Carlos Mencia and aired on E! on September 15. Griffin stirred up controversy with her acceptance speech, saying,
| “ | Now, a lot of people come up here and thank Jesus for this award. I want you to know that no one had less to do with this award than Jesus. He didn't help me a bit. If it was up to him, Cesar Millan would be up here with that damn dog. So all I can say is suck it, Jesus, this award is my God now![31] | ” |
Griffin later explained that she meant this remark not as a slight on Jesus, but rather as a satire of celebrities who thank Jesus profusely and nonsensically for their awards, especially artists who themselves are controversial in their speech and actions.[32]
Her remarks were quickly condemned by the Catholic League which urged the academy to "denounce Griffin's obscene and blasphemous comment."[33] The Academy said that her "offensive remarks will not be part of the E! telecast on Saturday night".[34] Griffin later responded, "Am I the only Catholic left with a sense of humor?"[35] Fox News commentator Bill O'Reilly called Griffin a "pinhead" for her remark, which Griffin considered a "badge of honor."[36][37]
Style of humor[link]
Griffin developed her love for popular culture through her immediate and extended family, who were always commenting about the latest news. She explained that "I may have been into The Brady Bunch like every other kid, but I also wanted to watch John Lennon and Yoko Ono on The Dick Cavett Show, and every minute of the Watergate hearings. It was fear of the dinner table that got me hooked."[38] She has also named her mother Maggie as influential in her consumption of pop culture, calling her "the ideal audience for the Hollywood dish."[8] Griffin has also named the character of Rhoda Morgenstern of 1970s sitcom The Mary Tyler Moore Show as an influence, saying,[39]
"...[The Mary Tyler Moore Show] gave me the first inkling of what place I could have in the entertainment world. [...] But when Rhoda burst through the door in her Gypsy headscarf, billowy caftan, and hilariously abrasive delivery, I was like, 'Who is that? Oh my God!' That’s when I fell in love with wanting to be the sidekick. Everything out of her mouth was hysterical, yet she was vulnerable and human. I remember my family fell in love with her, too. That’s who I wanted to be. She had all the jokes."[9]
While Griffin established her career with candid observations about everyday life and her dating experiences, later focusing on mainly mocking celebrities, her act currently consists of recounting embellished stories involving celebrities. Though her humor may be wicked, Griffin hopes people understand that no malice is intended by it. "I'm genuinely a fan of most of the people I trash in the act," said Griffin in an interview. "I really, really try and focus on making fun of people for their behavior. I'm not so into making fun of someone for the way they look, or something that's out of their control."[40] Her favorite celebrity topics are plastic surgery, Scientology, drunkenness, substance abuse, snooty attitudes, eating disorders, and stars whose sexual orientation is disputed. Among Griffin's staples are Paris Hilton, Clay Aiken, Barbara Walters, Whitney Houston, Larry David, Celine Dion, Gwyneth Paltrow, Jerry Seinfeld, Star Jones, Paula Abdul, Sharon Stone, Oprah Winfrey, Britney Spears, Ryan Seacrest, Lindsay Lohan, Miley and Billy Ray Cyrus, Bravo's Real Housewives, Kirstie Alley, Sarah Palin, Michele Bachmann, Elisabeth Hasselbeck, Uma Thurman and Renée Zellweger.
Griffin is sometimes the object of her own humor, particularly with regard to her D-list status. While Griffin paints herself as a Hollywood outsider, she has a group of close celebrity friends such as Rosie O'Donnell, Joan Rivers, Jerry Seinfeld, Gloria Estefan, Whoopi Goldberg, Jennifer Coolidge, Rachel True, Larry David, Ricky Gervais, Anderson Cooper, Cher and Lance Bass. Griffin's longtime friendship with Bass was the catalyst for a feud between her and gossip blogger Perez Hilton, in which Griffin expressed anger over Hilton's "outing" of Bass on his website, calling Hilton's attacks on Bass "mean" and "unfunny".[41][42] Hilton responded by saying that Griffin's anger was hypocritical, considering all of the gay jokes she makes about Clay Aiken in her stand-up routines.[41] In 2007, Griffin commented on her aversion to making fun of celebrity friends by saying, "There's nothing I won't do, but on the other hand I'm full of shit because that changes. For example, you know Lance Bass from 'N Sync and how he's gay now? All those years that I knew he was gay, he and I were friends, I would never say, 'Hey, by the way, did you know that Lance Bass is gay?'"[43] Griffin and Hilton ended their feud after the death of Griffin's father, and Hilton appeared on an episode of her show in 2007.[42] Yet in July 2008, he asserted that Griffin's assistant Jessica Zajicek had quit because she could not take Griffin's now hectic career. Griffin dismissed these statements as false as Zajicek is still working for Griffin.[44] However, the season premier of The D-List depicted that Zajicek was no longer working for Griffin; Griffin explained early in the episode that Zajicek "has decided to move on".[45]
Her style has led to a number of controversies. Although some talk show hosts welcome her humor on their programs such as Craig Kilborn, Bill Maher and Howard Stern (who she credits with giving her a "straight fanbase"), Griffin has claimed to be banned from appearing on several TV shows including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The View. She recently[when?] got rebanned from The View because of a joke she made about Barbara Walters. She says Ellen's producers told her they cannot have her on "trashing celebrities,"[46] but she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on September 11, 2007.[47] One of the most notable controversies occurred when she made a joke during a 2005 E! televised event that the child actress Dakota Fanning, then age 11, had entered rehab.[48] This incident got Griffin fired from hosting duties on E!'s red-carpet award show coverage. Nevertheless, E! purchased rights to air My Life on the D-List for its British channel, a fact she noted in an episode of season 3.
In a July 2009 episode of My Life on the D-List, after using profanity in an Octomom joke during her routine at New York's legendary Apollo Theatre, Griffin claimed that she received a letter banning her from the venue.[49]
Griffin has claimed to have been fired from an appearance on the show Hannah Montana, on account of her Emmy acceptance speech. According to Griffin "the instructions literally came down, 'We don't want her anywhere near the building.'"[50] Griffin hit back in her comedy act joking that Miley Cyrus "...has been flashing her green bra and posing topless."[51]
LGBT rights and political advocacy[link]
Griffin is an outspoken supporter for LGBT rights, including same-sex marriage.[52][53] She has protested with fellow proponents in West Hollywood, California,[54] and showcased the footage of such protests on her reality show Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List. Her mother Maggie Griffin is also a supporter of LGBT rights and is seen in Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List protesting alongside her daughter. Prior to the Proposition 8 ballot results, Griffin volunteered for the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center’s "Vote for Equality" campaign, going door-to-door asking Los Angeles residents for their opinion of LGBT marriage rights.[55]
In March 2010, Griffin helped organize a rally in Washington DC to repeal "Don't Ask, Don't Tell." She stated that she organized the rally after meeting with several closeted gay people serving in Iraq and Afghanistan. Griffin held meetings with several Members of Congress to encourage its repeal; she also organized a rally in Freedom Plaza.[56][57]
Griffin caused controversy when she confronted Republican Congresswoman Michele Bachmann over her anti-gay views at the 2010 Radio and Television Correspondents' Association Dinner, while in town for her rally against DADT. According to Griffin, she asked Bachmann "if she was naturally a bigot or if that's just the way she legislates." Griffin claimed that Bachmann replied by saying, "That's a good question, I'll have to think about it." Bachmann's office confirmed the exchange but claimed that Griffin confronted Bachmann after Bachmann approached Griffin to compliment her appearance.[58][59]
Griffin has been a long-time supporter of the Aid For AIDS annual fundraiser, Best In Drag Show in Los Angeles, and hosted the opening of the show for more than five years.[60] In November 2009, Aid For AIDS presented Kathy Griffin with an AFA Angel Award at their silver anniversary celebration.[60][61]
Griffin has been a long-time critic of Sarah Palin, and has made fun of Palin's daughter, Bristol Palin, using the Palin family as material in her comedy routines.[62] In March 2011, Sarah Palin responded to Griffin by calling her a "bully." Palin went on to dare Griffin to "come up to Alaska and pick on me."[63] In connection with her reality TV show, Griffin visited the Palin family home in Wasilla and invited Palin to attend her stand-up show in Anchorage.[64] Griffin has also poked fun at Willow Palin. Although Willow Palin is a minor, Griffin stated that she poked fun at Willow as a result of her repeated anti-gay slurs and use of the word "faggot" on Facebook.[65]
Personal life[link]
Griffin describes herself as a "militant atheist".[66] While in high school, she fell away from the Roman Catholic Church and wanted to become a Unitarian. Said Griffin: "I'm not really sure what that is, but it sounds better."[66] In a 2006 interview, Griffin said she does not drink alcohol.[67]
She is an outspoken opponent of LASIK eye surgery, having endured a series of operations for her own eyesight that left her partially blind in one eye with a visible eyeball deformity.[68] She is open about her multiple plastic surgeries, and jokes that fat "was donated to a soup kitchen" after her liposuction procedure.
Her father, John Patrick Griffin, died of heart failure on February 17, 2007 during the shooting of the third season of her reality show; he was 90 years old. The episode related to his death aired on June 19, 2007.
She placed 17th on Oxygen's 2007 list of "The 50 Funniest Women Alive".[69]
Marriage and relationships[link]
.jpg)
Griffin married Washington, D.C. native Matt Moline on February 18, 2001, atop the 360 Degree Restaurant in Hollywood. ABC News reported that she walked down the aisle to the strains of 1980s power ballad "Sister Christian" by Night Ranger. Her maid of honor was Brooke Shields; and the wedding was attended by, among others, Camryn Manheim, Bill Maher, James Williams, and Jane Krakowski.
Griffin and Moline appeared to have a loving and supportive relationship on her reality show, but there were problems beneath the surface. After briefly separating and reconciling in 2005, they divorced in May 2006. Griffin had her tattooed wedding ring laser-removed after her divorce.[70] On Larry King Live, Griffin accused her husband of stealing $72,000 from her. In a written statement, he declined to respond to the allegations publicly but stated that he was saddened by accusations.[71][72]
Since July 2007, rumors had circulated that Griffin had been dating Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.[73] They attended the 2007 Emmy Awards together, and speculations arose when the two were interviewed together on the red carpet.[74] On September 18, 2007, Us Weekly reported that Griffin and Wozniak were engaged; however, neither Griffin nor Wozniak confirmed the rumor.[75] During a January 2008 interview on Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Griffin confirmed that Wozniak will be a regular guest on the fourth season of her reality show.[76] On Tom Green's House Tonight on February 6, Griffin confirmed her relationship with Wozniak. When asked if she actually targeted Wozniak to make her ex-husband jealous, Griffin stated "What better way to get back at my ex, who was a tech, than to marry the biggest techno-nerd in the Universe?" Wozniak and Griffin served as King and Queen of the Humane Society of Silicon Valley Fur Ball on April 5, 2008, in Santa Clara, California, and scenes for the fourth season of My Life on the D-List were taped.[77] However, as of June 2008, it was confirmed that Griffin and Wozniak are no longer dating and have decided to remain friends.[78]
On August 9, 2009, she attended the Teen Choice Awards with Levi Johnston[79] and subsequently interviewed him in her role as guest host on Larry King Live. In the interview, Griffin and Johnston joked that they were in a serious relationship.[80]
On March 7, 2011, while appearing on Howard Stern's radio show, Griffin announced that she is currently romantically involved with actor and former NFL practice-squad player Isaiah Mustafa. Since then Mustafa has announced that he is in fact single, though he admitted to finding Griffin "amazing".[81] In the same interview, Griffin also stated that the previous July, she had ended a private romantic relationship that had lasted four years with a man whom she did not publicly identify, only saying that he was "a regular guy with a regular job," and that it was a "messy breakup".[82]
Filmography[link]
| Film | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
| 1980 | Battle Beyond the Stars | Alien Extra | Uncredited |
| Fade to Black | Grauman's Chinese Theater Extra | ||
| 1984 | Streets of Fire | Concertgoer | |
| 1991 | The Unborn | Connie | |
| 1992 | Shakes the Clown | Lucy | |
| Medusa: Dare to Be Truthful | Taffy | ||
| 1994 | Pulp Fiction | Hit-and-run Witness | |
| It's Pat | Herself | Cameo | |
| 1995 | Big News | TV film | |
| Four Rooms | Betty | ||
| The Barefoot Executive | Mary | TV film | |
| 1996 | The Cable Guy | Mother | |
| 1997 | Who's the Caboose? | Katty | |
| Trojan War | Cashier | ||
| Courting Courtney | Ona Miller | ||
| 1999 | Can't Stop Dancing | Modeling Agent | |
| Dill Scallion | Tina | ||
| Muppets from Space | Female armed guard | ||
| Jackie's Back | Herself | TV film | |
| 2000 | Lion of Oz | Caroline | Voice role |
| The Intern | Cornelia Crisp | ||
| Enemies of Laughter | Cindy | ||
| A Diva's Christmas Carol | Ghost of Christmas Past | TV film | |
| E | Nurse | "The Real Slim Shady", music video collection | |
| 2001 | On Edge | Karen Katz | |
| 2002 | Run Ronnie Run | Herself | |
| 2003 | Beethoven's 5th | Evie Kling | |
| 2005 | Dirty Love | Madame Pelly | |
| 2005 | Dinotopia: Quest for the Ruby Sunstone | Rhoga | Voice role |
| Her Minor Thing | Maggie | ||
| Love Wrecked | Belinda | ||
| 2006 | Bachelor Party Vegas | She-Elvis | Uncredited cameo |
| 2007 | Judy Toll: The Funniest Woman You've Never Heard of | Herself | Documentary |
| In Search of Puppy Love | |||
| Mr. Warmth: The Don Rickles Project | |||
| Heckler | |||
| 2009 | Sammy's Adventures: The Secret Passage | Voice role | |
| 2010 | Shrek Forever After | Taran | |
| Joan Rivers: A Piece of Work | Herself | Documentary | |
| 2011 | The Muppets | Scene removed from theatrical release | |
| Hall Pass | |||
| Television | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 1989–1991 | On the Television | Various | Episode: "Beauty and the Beast" |
| The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air | |||
| 1990 | Susan Klein | Episode: "Not With My Pig, You Don't" | |
| 1993 | Civil Wars | Yvonne | Episode: "Watt, Me Worry?" |
| Dream On | Dawn | Episode: "The French Conception" | |
| 1995 | ER | Dolores Minky | Episode: "Motherhood" |
| Dweebs | Sheila | Episode: "The Birthday Party Show" | |
| 1995 | Mad About You | Brenda | Episode: "New Year's Eve" |
| 1996 | Ellen | Peggy | Episode: "Oh, Sweet Rapture" |
| Partners | Michelle | Episode: "Can We Keep Her, Dad?" | |
| Caroline in the City | DMV clerk | Episode: "Caroline and the Movie" | |
| Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist | Herself | Episode: Koppleman and Katz | |
| Saturday Night Special | 2 episodes | ||
| 1995–1996 | Ned & Stacey | Jeanne | Episode: "Loganberry's Run" and "Accountus Interruptus" |
| 1997 | Oddville, MTV | Episode: August 13, 1997 | |
| The Wonderful World of Disney | Mary | Episode: "The New Barefoot Executive" | |
| 1996–1998 | Seinfeld | Sally Weaver | Episode: "The Cartoon" and "The Doll" |
| 1997–1998 | Premium Blend | Herself | Hostess |
| 1999 | Rock & Roll Jeopardy! | Celebrity edition | |
| 2000 | The X-Files | Betty Templeton/Lulu Pfeiffer | Episode: "Fight Club" |
| 2000 | Curb Your Enthusiasm | Herself | Episode: "The Pants Tent" |
| 1999–2000 | Dilbert | Alice | Voice role (uncredited) |
| 1996–2000 | Suddenly Susan | Vicki Groener | |
| 2001 | The Simpsons | Francine | Episode: "Bye Bye Nerdie" |
| Strong Medicine | Matchmaker | Episode: "Silent Epidemic" | |
| Weakest Link | Herself | Episode: "Comedians Special" | |
| Kathy's So Called Reality | Hostess | ||
| 2002 | The Drew Carey Show | Kathy | Episode: "The Eagle Has Landed" |
| The Anna Nicole Show | Herself | Christmas special | |
| 2003 | What's New, Scooby-Doo? | Luis Agent Autumn Summerfield | Episode: "The Unnatural" (Voice role) |
| Spider-Man: The New Animated Series | Roxanne Gaines | Episode: "Mind Game: Part 1" and "Part 2" (Voice role) | |
| Crank Yankers | Marion Simons | Episode: "Jim Florentine & Kathy Griffin" (Voice role) sSegment: Marion gets an Estimate |
|
| The Mole | Herself | Season 3 winner | |
| 2002–2003 | Whose Line Is It Anyway? | 4 episodes (5-02, 5–15, 5–19, 5–29) | |
| 2002 | National Lampoon's Funny Money | Episode 1 (Guest comedian) | |
| 2004 | Striperella | The Bridesmaid | Episode: "The Bridesmaid" and "Evil Things Come in Small Packages" (Voice role) |
| Half & Half | Dr. Morgan | Episode: "The Big Labor of Love Episode" | |
| Celebrity Poker Showdown | Herself | Two episodes, third tournament | |
| 2001–2004 | Hollywood Squares | 86 episodes | |
| 2005 | Cheap Seats | Rae | Episode: "1995 SuperDogs! Superjocks!" |
| Days of our Lives | Limo driver | ||
| 2006 | Gameshow Marathon | Herself | "Match Game" |
| 2007 | Ugly Betty | Fashion TV anchor | Episode: "In or Out" |
| Loose Women | Herself | ||
| 2008 | Rosie Live | Impersonated Nancy Grace | |
| Dog Whisperer | Episode: Season 4, Episode 24 | ||
| 2009 | Privileged | Olivia | Episode: "All About a Brand New You" |
| Paris Hilton's My New BFF | Herself | Episode: "Must Have Thick Skin" (Special guest) | |
| 2008–2010 | Larry King Live | Six episodes | |
| 2009 | The Comedy Central Roast Of Joan Rivers | Roast Master | |
| The Celebrity Apprentice 2 | Special guest | ||
| 2005–2010 | Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List | 47 episodes Gracie Allen Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series |
|
| 2010 | Law & Order Special Victims Unit | Babs Duffy | Episode: "P.C." |
| RuPaul's Drag Race | Guest judge | Season 2, Episode 1: "Gone With The Windows" | |
| The Marriage Ref | Episode: "Tracy Morgan, Kathy Griffin, and Nathan Lane" | ||
| Last Comic Standing | Performer | Season 7 finale | |
| Shep & Tiffany Watch TV: The Best of 2010 | Executive Producer | ||
| 2011 | Glee | Tammy Jean Albertson | Episode: "Original Song" |
| Same Name | Herself | Season 1, episode 2[83] | |
| Drop Dead Diva | Jenna Kaswell-Bailey | Episode: "He Said, She Said" | |
| America's Next Top Model | Guest Judge | Season 17, episode 7[84] | |
| 2012 | American Dad | Kelly Wilkes | Season 7, Episode 16: "The Kidney Stays in the Picture"[85] Voice role |
| The Rosie Show | Herself | ||
| Kathy | Host | Talk show[24] | |
Stand-up specials[link]
Main article: List of Kathy Griffin stand-up specials
- HBO Comedy Half-Hour (1996)[86]
- Kathy Griffin: Hot Cup of Talk (1998)[87]
- Kathy Griffin: The D-List (2004)
- Kathy Griffin: Allegedly (2004)
- Kathy Griffin Is... Not Nicole Kidman (2005)
- Kathy Griffin: Strong Black Woman (2006)
- Kathy Griffin: Everybody Can Suck It (2007)
- Kathy Griffin: Straight To Hell (2007)
- Kathy Griffin: She'll Cut A Bitch (2009)
- Kathy Griffin: Balls Of Steel (2009)
- Kathy Griffin Does the Bible Belt (2010)[88]
- Kathy Griffin: Whores on Crutches (2010)
- Kathy Griffin: 50 and Not Pregnant (2011)
- Kathy Griffin: Gurrl Down! (2011)
- Kathy Griffin: Pants Off (2011)[89]
- Kathy Griffin: Tired Hooker (2011)[90]
Discography[link]
Main article: For Your Consideration (Kathy Griffin album)
On June 10, 2008, Griffin released a comedy CD titled For Your Consideration.[91] It is Griffin's first audio-only release of her stand-up material.[citation needed] The disc was recorded at the ETK Theatre at the Grand Theatre Center For The Arts in Tracy, California on February 17, 2008.[92] Included on the disc are her takes on various celebrities and her personal life. Griffin stated that she decided to release this CD to try to win a Grammy award.[92] On December 3, 2008, Griffin was nominated for a Grammy for Best Comedy Album. However, she lost to George Carlin's It's Bad for Ya.
On August 25, 2009, Griffin released a second comedy album, Suckin' It for the Holidays, in another bid for a Grammy. The album was initially released as a digital download and retail released on November 3, 2009. Despite the album's holiday title, it contains little holiday-related content, and it just barely made the nominations cut-off.[93] On December 2, 2009 it was nominated for Best Comedy Album, making it Griffin's second Grammy nomination.
Griffin received her third Grammy nomination for "Kathy Griffin does the Bible Belt".[94]
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program | Nominated |
| 2007 | Won | ||
| 2008 | Won | ||
| Kathy Griffin: Straight to Hell | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music, or Comedy Special | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List | Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Reality Program | Nominated |
| 2010 | Nominated | ||
| 2011 | Nominated |
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | For Your Consideration | Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album | Nominated |
| 2009[95] | Suckin' It for the Holidays | Nominated | |
| 2010[96] | Kathy Griffin Does the Bible Belt | Nominated | |
| 2011 | Kathy Griffin: 50 And Not Pregnant | Nominated |
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Kathy Griffin | Vanguard Award | Won |
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List | Television Producer of the Year Award in Non-Fiction Television | Nominated |
| 2009 | Nominated | ||
| 2010 | Nominated |
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List | Outstanding Female Lead – Comedy Series | Won |
References[link]
- Griffin, Kathy (2010). Official Book Club Selection: A Memoir According to Kathy Griffin (paperback ed.). Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-51856-9.
Notes[link]
- ^ a b Griffin 2010, p. 13
- ^ a b Griffin 2010, p. 7
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 11
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 15
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 8
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 20
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 21
- ^ a b Griffin 2010, p. 26
- ^ a b Griffin 2010, p. 32
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 33
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 48
- ^ Lovece, Frank (June 18, 2006). "Fast Chat: Q & A with Kathy Griffin". Newsday (author's archive). http://franklovece.com/newsday3.html. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin: She'll Cut A Bitch". shoutfactorystore.com. 2011 [last update]. http://www.shoutfactorystore.com/prod.aspx?pfid=5257079. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Strauss, Gary (June 7, 2010). "Griffin finally runs with the big dogs". USA Today (McLean, VA: Gannett). ISSN 0734-7456. http://www.usatoday.com/LIFE/usaedition/2010-06-08-griffin08_CV_U.htm. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ "Let's Dance, New Comedic Dance Series Featuring Stars Competing for Charitable Grand Prizes, Premieres Monday, November 23" (Press release). ABC. November 4, 2009. http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?id=20091104abc03. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Stanhope, Kate (November 3, 2009). "Kathy Griffin to Host New ABC Show Let's Dance". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Griffin-Lets-Dance-1011543.aspx.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin rings in 2010 by uttering profanity about Balloon Boy on CNN". The Washington Post (Washington DC: WPC). January 2, 2010. ISSN 0190-8286. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/01/AR2010010101653.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Graham, Nick (January 5, 2010). "CNN Denies Kathy Griffin Banned From Network". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/01/05/kathy-griffin-banned-from_n_411597.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Alexander, Bryan (December 31, 2010). "Kathy Griffin dares to be thrown off New Year's show". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/31/us-kathygriffin-idUSTRE6BU29A20101231. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Abrams, Natalie (November 10, 2009). "Kathy Griffin Lands Law & Order: SVU Guest Spot". tvguide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Kathy-Griffin-Lands-1011867.aspx. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ Shuter, Rob (December 6, 2010). "Troops Boo Kathy Griffin for Bristol Palin Fat Jokes". popeater.com. http://www.popeater.com/2010/12/06/kathy-griffins-teasing-bristol-palin-vh1-divas/. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin plays a Tea Party politician on 'Glee'". CBS News (New York: CBS). March 16, 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20043841-10391698.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ "RealClearPolitics – Video – Kathy Griffin Mocks Palin/Tea Party On FOX Show 'GLEE'". realclearpolitics.com. March 16, 2011. http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2011/03/16/kathy_griffin_mocks_palintea_party_on_fox_show_glee.html. Retrieved September 10, 2011.
- ^ a b Schneider, Michael (January 7, 2012). "Kathy Griffin Will Keep Talking for Bravo". TV Guide Network. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Kathy-Griffin-Bravo-1041343.aspx. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
- ^ Harris, Bill (August 4, 2007). "Griffin unsure about The View gig". canoe.ca. http://jam.canoe.ca/Television/2007/07/09/4324611-sun.html. Retrieved August 6, 2007.
- ^ Dagostino, Mark (May 27, 2007). "Kathy Griffin: Split-Screen Made Rosie Leave The View". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20040461,00.html. Retrieved August 6, 2007.
- ^ "Banned by Babs". New York Post. January 29, 2008. http://www.nypost.com/seven/01292008/gossip/pagesix/banned_by_babs_348303.htm.
- ^ "Barbara Walters Re-Bans Kathy Griffin From The View". Access Hollywood. January 30, 2008. http://www.accesshollywood.com/article/8191/barbara-walters-re-bans-kathy-griffin-from-the-view/.
- ^ Bowe, Jillian (November 3, 2010). "Kathy Griffin Rips The View's Elisabeth Hasselbeck on The Talk!". Daytime Confidential. http://daytimeconfidential.zap2it.com/2010/11/03/shots-fired-kathy-griffin-rips-elisabeth-hasselbeck-on-the-talk. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ Malkin, Marc (July 20, 2010). "Kathy Griffin to Hasselbeck: Lighten Up or...Suck It!". ca.eonline.com. http://ca.eonline.com/news/marc_malkin/kathy_griffin_hasselbeck_lighten_up/191221. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin's Jesus Remark Cut from Emmy Show". Reuters. September 17, 2007. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1144512920070911. Retrieved September 25, 2007.
- ^ "Larry King Live" (video). YouTube. September 17, 2007. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080307144609/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbziBwi489Q. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
- ^ Elber, Lynn (September 11, 2007). "Griffin's Emmy remarks to be censored". AP. CelebrityMound.com. http://www.celebritymound.com/kathy-griffins-emmy-remarks-to-be-censored/. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin's Emmy Remarks About Jesus to Be Censored". Associated Press. Fox News. September 11, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,296382,00.html. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ "'Offensive' Jesus remarks cut from Emmys". News.com.au. Reuters. September 12, 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013101310/http://news.com.au/story/0,23599,22404898-23109,00.html. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ O'Reilly, Bill (September 14, 2007). "The O'Reilly Factor : Talking Points". The O'Reilly Factor (Fox News). http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,296767,00.html. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
- ^ King, Larry (September 17, 2007). "CNN Larry King Live : Kathy Griffin Censored at Emmys". CNN Larry King Live. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0709/17/lkl.01.html. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 22
- ^ Griffin 2010, p. 29
- ^ Powers, Nicole (May 25, 2009). "Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D List". SuicideGirls.com. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Kathy%20Griffin%3A%20My%20Life%20on%20the%20D%20List/. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
- ^ a b "Perez Hilton Visits Howard Stern". In Case You Didn't Know. ICYDK. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012082323/http://icydk.com/2006/12/06/perez-hilton-visits-howard-stern/. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ a b "Perez and Kathy Griffin Make Nice". Celebrity Babylon. Celebrity Babylon. http://www.celebritybabylon.com/features/perez-and-kathy-griffin-make-nice/. Retrieved October 19, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Dowling, Amber. "Living Life on the D-List". TV Guide. TV Guide. Archived from the original on June 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080601040145/http://entertainment1.sympatico.msn.ca/Living+life+on+the+DList/TV_Guide/Interviews/Insider/Articles/070711_kathygriffin_AD.htm?isfa=1. Retrieved October 19, 2007.
- ^ Rocchio, Christopher (July 29, 2008). "D-List star Kathy Griffin denies assistant Jessica Zajicek has quit". Reality TV World. http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/d-list-star-kathy-griffin-denies-assitant-jessica-zajicek-has-quit-7554.php. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
- ^ "YouTube – Kathy Griffin – My Life on the D List – Episode 5x01 Part 1/5" (video). Youtube. June 9, 2009. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_H5KbxrQYg&feature=channel_page. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ Seibel, Deborah Starr (May 30, 2006). "Last in Line for Celebrity: Griffin – Hollywood's Outcast". The New York Post. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013085836/http://nypost.com/entertainment/64453.htm. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
- ^ "The Ellen DeGeneres Show". Archived from the original on October 13, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013085859/http://ellen.warnerbros.com/2007/09/tuesday_september_11_kathy_gri.php. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ Sternbergh, Adam (August 8, 2005). "Dorothy Snarker". New York. http://nymag.com/nymetro/arts/tv/12299. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin’s Attempt To Win Over The Black Community". talkoffame.com. http://talkoffame.com/?p=1271. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ "In Praise of Kathy Griffin". New York. March 18, 2008. http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2008/03/kathy_griffin_gets_rejected_al.html. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ Boursaw, Jane (May 1, 2008). "Was Kathy Griffin dumped over Jesus joke?". AOL TV. http://www.aoltv.com/2008/05/01/was-kathy-griffin-dumped-over-jesus-joke. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
- ^ Alexander, Bryan (December 30, 2010). "EXCLUSIVE: Kathy Griffin Dares to Be Thrown Off CNN's Live New Year's Eve Broadcast". Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/kathy-griffin-dares-thrown-cnns-67142.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "IMHO "Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List" (5.8): Norma Gay". AfterElton.com. July 28, 2009. http://www.afterelton.com/blog/snicks/kathy-imho-7-27-2009. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ AKA William (April 10, 2009). "Kathy Griffin Goes Door-to-Door For Gay Rights". AKA William. http://www.akawilliam.com/kathy-griffin-goes-door-to-door-for-gay-rights/. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ Malkin, Marc (March 16, 2010). "Kathy Griffin Rallies Against Don't Ask Don't Tell". E! Online. http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/marc_malkin/b172002_kathy_griffin_rallies_against_dont_ask.html.
- ^ Wieselman, Jarett (July 13, 2010). "Griffin Fights Don't Ask Don't Tell". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/popwrap/kathy_griffin_Ketvm6Gg3oIOvClbA1vrJJ.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin Calls Michele Bachmann a Bigot". Minnesota Post – D.C. Dispatches. March 19, 2010. http://www.minnpost.com/derekwallbank/2010/03/19/16789/kathy_griffin_calls_bachmann_a_bigot.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin Calls Michele Bachmann a Bigot". Politico.com. March 19, 2010. http://www.politico.com/click/stories/1003/griffin_calls_bachmann_a_bigot.html.
- ^ a b "Kathy Griffin asks Mom to Take a Side". TheInsider.com. November 6, 2009. http://www.theinsider.com/videos/3015388_Kathy_Griffin_asks_Mom_to_Take_a_Side_on_The_Insider_s_Top_Headlines. [dead link]"
- ^ "AFA Silver Anniversary Reception & Awards" (PDF). Aids for Aids. http://www.aidforaids.net/AFA%20Silver%20Anniversary%20Reception1.pdf.
- ^ "Sarah Palin: Kathy Griffin is a bully". CBS News. March 7, 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20040081-10391698.html.
- ^ "Sarah Palin Slams Kathy Griffin: She Is a 50-Year-Old Bully". Fox News. March 7, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2011/03/07/sarah-palin-slams-kathy-griffin-50-year-old-bully/.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin takes aim at Palin in Alaska". Today Show – MSNBC. March 6, 2010. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/35738737/ns/today-entertainment/t/kathy-griffin-takes-aim-palin-alaska/.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin: Why It's Open Season on Willow Palin". Politico.com. March 11, 2012. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0311/50899.html.
- ^ a b DiStefano, Blase (June 2007). "Foul-Mouthed and Funny". OutSmart. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927190140/http://outsmartmagazine.com/this_issue/?storyid=1129229903. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
- ^ Nasson, Tim (August 5, 2006). "D-List Status In Jeopardy!". wildaboutmovies.com. http://www.wildaboutmovies.com/interviews/KathyGriffinQueenOfTheD-ListInterview.php. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ Griffin, Kathy. "LASIK Nightmare". kathygriffin.net. http://www.kathygriffin.net/lasik.php. Retrieved July 1, 2007.
- ^ IMDb :: Boards :: 50 Funniest Women Alive (2007) :: Spoiler: the full list
- ^ "Kathy's Laser Ring Removal". Us Weekly. September 28, 2006. http://www.usmagazine.com/node/2453. Retrieved March 26, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Kathy Griffin: Ex-husband took $72K from me". CNN. July 10, 2006. http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/TV/07/10/griffin.lkl/index.html. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin says ex took her money". The Boston Globe. July 12, 2006. http://www.boston.com/ae/celebrity/articles/2006/07/12/kathy_griffin_says_ex_took_her_money/.
- ^ Collins, Michelle. "VH1 Best Week Ever – Off The Market: Kathy Griffin Finds a New Man!". Archived from the original on August 20, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070820012223/http://www.bestweekever.tv/2007/08/17/off-the-market-kathy-griffin-finds-a-new-man/. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "Apple Co-Founder Steve Wozniak Escorted Comedian Kathy Griffin & Her Potty Mouth To The Emmy's". http://www.ceosmack.com/2007/09/18/apple-co-founder-steve-wozniak-escorted-comedian-kathy-griffin-her-potty-mouth-to-the-emmys/. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "Kathy Finds Love With Apple Computer Billionaire". US Weekly. September 18, 2007. Archived from the original on October 24, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071024142304/http://www.usmagazine.com/kathy_and_steve. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin on Jimmy Kimmel Live" (video). YouTube. January 7, 2008. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgqlD5k6cVo. [dead link]
- ^ Sacks, Larry (April 9, 2008). "A Dogs Night at the Fur Ball". Santa Clara Weekly. http://www.santaclaraweekly.com/822.html. Retrieved April 25, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "June 6, 2008". The Today Show. June 5, 2008.
- ^ "Sarah Palin’s Nightmare? Kathy Griffin, Levi Johnston Work the Red Carpet". Mediaite. August 10, 2009. http://www.mediaite.com/online/sarah-palins-nightmare-kathy-griffin-levi-johnston-work-the-red-carpet/. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin and Levi Johnston’s Love Story Goes Late Night on Larry King". Mediaite. August 11, 2009. http://www.mediaite.com/online/kathy-griffin-and-levi-johnsons-love-story-goes-late-night-on-larry-king/. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ By rlevine (March 8, 2011). "Isaiah Mustafa’s Not Dating Kathy Griffin: "I Am a Single Man" – OK! Magazine – The First for Celebrity News". OK! Magazine. http://www.okmagazine.com/2011/03/isaiah-mustafas-not-dating-kathy-griffin-i-am-a-single-man/. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "kathy griffin 3 7 11 p2" (video). YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F14tClFS2hQ&feature=related. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ Nededog, Jethro (July 13, 2011). "'Same Name': Kathy Griffin, Mike Tyson and Reggie Bush Accept CBS' 'Freaky Friday' Challenge". The Hollywood Reporter (Lynne Segall). http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/same-name-kathy-griffin-mike-210803. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ Gallo, Marissa (October 26, 2011). ""America's Next Top Model" create fragrances, pose as reality TV stars". baltimoresun.com. http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/bthesite/tv-lust/bs-tvlust-americas-next-top-model-recap-102611,0,37412.story. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin’ brings ‘D-List’ mentality to Cleveland". news-herald.com. October 20, 2011. http://www.news-herald.com/articles/2011/10/20/life/doc4e9dcb02b5dd3696910047.txt. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ "HBO Comedy Half-Hour" (1995) – Episode list. IMDB.
- ^ Kathy Griffin: Hot Cup of Talk (1998) (TV). IMDB.
- ^ "That's a Rap! Filming Ends". KathyGriffin.net. http://kathygriffin.net/. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
- ^ Zakarin, Jordan (September 2, 2011). "Kathy Griffin Hints Marcus Bachmann Is Gay on the Late Late Show". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/02/kathy-griffin-hints-marcus-bachmann-gay_n_946297.html. Retrieved September 2, 2011.
- ^ "Kathy Griffin kalls out Kim Kardashian in latest stand-up special". Entertainment Weekly. http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/12/21/kathy-griffin-tired-hooker-kim-kardashian-divorce/. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ Adolphson, Sue (July 6, 2008). "Can't get Enough of Kathy Griffin". San Francisco Chronicle (Frank J. Vega): p. N12. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/04/PKQ611F0UE.DTL. Retrieved July 8, 2008.
- ^ a b Burch, Cathalena E. (July 3, 2008). "An A-List Comedy Release". Arizona Daily Star (John M. Humenik). http://www.azstarnet.com/sn/aznightbuzz/246178.php. Retrieved July 8, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Jones, Anthony (September 1, 2009). "Kathy Griffin Baits Grammy Voters With Second Comedy Album". Celebrity News Service (AHN Media Corporation). http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7016265566?Kathy%20Griffin%20Baits%20Grammy%20Voters%20With%20Second%20Comedy%20Album. Retrieved September 5, 2009.
- ^ "2011 Grammy Awards – complete list of nominees". Los Angeles Daily News. MediaNews Group. December 2, 2010. http://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_16759537?source=pkg. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
- ^ "2009 Nominees". Grammy.com. The Recording Academy. 2010. http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2009&genre=6. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ "2010 Nominees". Grammy.com. The Recording Academy. 2010. http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2010&genre=6. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Griffin, Kathy |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Comedian, actress |
| Date of birth | November 4, 1960 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
