Mica

Saturday, 26 January 2013

NEK SI ALESSIO - MICA MICA VIDEOCLIP ORIGINAL

Dony - Mi Hermosa ft. Alex Mica (Official Single)

Alex Mica - Dalinda (Official Radio Edit)

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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km² (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.

wn.com/Canada
Connecticut
Connecticut (ⁱ/kəˈnɛtɨkət/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south (with which it shares a water boundary in Long Island Sound).
Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state. Its capital city is Hartford. Much of southern and western Connecticut (along with the majority of the state's population) is part of the New York metropolitan area; three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area, the same area is widely referred to as the Tri-State area. Connecticut's center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, which is also located within the Tri-State area.
Connecticut is the 3rd least extensive, the 29th most populous, and 4th most densely populated of the 50 United States. Called the Constitution State, Nutmeg State, and "The Land of Steady Habits", Connecticut was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States.

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Jharkhand
Jharkhand /dʒɑrˈkɑːnd/^{[citation needed]} (Hindi: झारखण्ड; Bengali: ঝাড়খন্ড; Urdu: جھاڑکھنڈ; Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [ˈdʒʱaːrkʰəɳɖ] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,714 km² 49,821 sq mi (129,040 km²). The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is sub capital while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centres are Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.
The name "Jharkhand" means "The Land of Forests".
According to some writers like Gautam Kumar Bera, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Bera's book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu Mythological book Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda Rajas, who basically had ownership rights to large farmlands. During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara.

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Karelia
Coordinates: 63°N 32°E / 63°N 32°E / 63; 32
Karelia (Karelian and Finnish Karjala; Russian: Карелия, Kareliya; Swedish: Karelen), the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden. It is currently divided between the Russian Republic of Karelia, the Russian Leningrad Oblast, and Finland (the regions of South Karelia and North Karelia).
Various subdivisions may be called Karelia. Finnish Karelia was a historical province of Finland, now divided between Finland and Russia, often called just Karjala in Finnish. The eastern part of this chiefly Lutheran area was ceded to Russia after the Winter War of 1939-40. This area is the "Karelia" of the Karelian question in Finnish politics.
The Republic of Karelia is a Russian federal subject, including the so-called "East Karelia" with a chiefly Russian Orthodox population.
Within present-day Finland, Karjala refers to regions of South and North Karelia.
Karelia was bitterly fought over by the Swedes and the Novgorod Republic for a period starting in the 13th-century Swedish-Novgorodian Wars. The Treaty of Nöteborg (Finnish: Pähkinäsaaren rauha) in 1323 divided Karelia between the two. Viborg (Finnish: Viipuri) became the capital of the new Swedish province.

wn.com/Karelia
Maine
Maine (ⁱ/ˈmeɪn/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost portion of New England. It is known for its scenery—its jagged, mostly rocky coastline, its low, rolling mountains, its heavily forested interior and picturesque waterways—as well as for its seafood cuisine, especially lobsters and clams.
For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the only inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European encounter, several Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the area. The first European settlement in Maine was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement in Maine, the short-lived Popham Colony, was established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate, deprivations, and conflict with the local peoples caused many to fail over the years. As Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements survived. Patriot and British forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts. On March 15, 1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the 50 United States.

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Mexico City
Mexico City ( /ˈmɛksɨkoʊ ˈsɪti/; Spanish: Ciudad de México [sjuˈðað ðe ˈmexiko], also known as México D.F., or simply D.F.) is the Federal District (Distrito Federal), capital of Mexico and seat of the federal powers of the Mexican Union. It is a federal entity within Mexico which is not part of any one of the 31 Mexican states but belongs to the federation as a whole. Mexico City is the country's largest city as well as its most important political, cultural, educational and financial center.
As an "alpha" global city Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in North America. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen boroughs.
The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was around 8.84 million people, and has a land area of 1,485 square kilometres (573 sq mi). According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Mexico City metropolitan area population is 21.2 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area in the western hemisphere and the fifth largest agglomeration in the world.

wn.com/Mexico_City
New Hampshire
New Hampshire (ⁱ/njuːˈhæmpʃər/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th least extensive and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States.
It became the first post-colonial sovereign nation in the Americas when it broke off from Great Britain in January 1776, and six months later was one of the original thirteen states that founded the United States of America. In June 1788, it became the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution, bringing that document into effect. New Hampshire was the first U.S. state to have its own state constitution.
It is known internationally for the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.

wn.com/New_Hampshire
Ontario
Ontario /ɒnˈtɛərioʊ/ is one of the provinces of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province or territory and fourth largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa.
Ontario is bordered by the province of Manitoba to the west, Hudson Bay to the north, Quebec to the east, and to the south by the U.S. states of Minnesota, Michigan (portions to the west), New York (portions to the east), Ohio and Pennsylvania. All but a small part of Ontario's 2,700 km (1,677 mi) border with the United States follow inland waterways: from the west at Lake of the Woods, eastward along the major rivers and lakes of the Great Lakes/St. Lawrence River drainage system. These are the Rainy River, the Pigeon River, Lake Superior, the St. Mary's River, Lake Huron, the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and along the St. Lawrence River from Kingston, Ontario to the Quebec boundary just east of Cornwall, Ontario.

wn.com/Ontario
Pyramid of the Sun
The Pyramid of the Sun is the largest building in Teotihuacan and one of the largest in Mesoamerica. Found along the Avenue of the Dead, in between the Pyramid of the Moon and the Ciudadela, and in the shadow of the massive mountain Cerro Gordo, the pyramid is part of a large complex in the heart of the city.
The name Pyramid of the Sun comes from the Aztecs, who visited the city of Teotihuacán centuries after it was abandoned; the name given to the pyramid by the Teotihuacanos is unknown. It was constructed in two phases. The first construction stage, around 100 A.D., brought the pyramid to nearly the size it is today. The second round of construction resulted in its completed size of 738 feet (225 meters) across and 246 feet (75 meters) high, making it the third largest pyramid in the world, but being much shorter than the Great Pyramid of Giza (146 meters). The second phase also saw the construction of an altar atop of the pyramid, which has not survived into modern times. The Adosada platform was added to the pyramid in the early third century, at around the same time that the Ciudadela and Temple of the Feathered Serpent, Teotihuacan Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent were constructed.

wn.com/Pyramid_of_the_Sun
Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

wn.com/Russia
Taos Pueblo
Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos (Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people. It is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1-mile (1.6 km) north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico, USA. The Red Willow Creek, or Rio Pueblo de Taos (also called Rio Pueblo), is a small stream which flows through the middle of the pueblo from its source in the Sangre de Cristo Range. A reservation of 95,000 acres (380 km²) is attached to the pueblo, and about 1,900 people live in this area.
Taos Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos. The Taos community is known for being one of the most secretive and conservative pueblos.
Taos Pueblo's most prominent architectural feature is a multi-storied residential complex of reddish-brown adobe divided into two parts by the Rio Pueblo. According to the Pueblo's Web site, it was probably built between 1000 and 1450 A.D. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 9, 1960, and in 1992 became a World Heritage Site. As of 2006, about 150 people live in it full-time.

wn.com/Taos_Pueblo
Teotihuacan
Coordinates: 19°41′33″N 98°50′37.68″W / 19.6925°N 98.8438°W / 19.6925; -98.8438
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Apart from the pyramidal structures, Teotihuacan is also known for its large residential complexes, the Avenue of the Dead, and numerous colorful, well-preserved murals. Additionally, Teotihuacan produced a thin orange pottery style that spread through Mesoamerica.
The city is thought to have been established around 100 BC and continued to be built until about 250 AD. The city may have lasted until sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries AD. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of perhaps 125,000 or more, placing it among the largest cities of the world in this period. Teotihuacan began as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland around the first century AD. This city came to be the largest and most populated center in the New World. Teotihuacan was even home to multi-floor apartment compounds built to accommodate this large population. The civilization and cultural complex associated with the site is also referred to as Teotihuacan or Teotihuacano.

wn.com/Teotihuacan

Hopewell tradition
The Hopewell tradition (also incorrectly called the "Hopewell culture"^{[citation needed]}) is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE. The Hopewell tradition was not a single culture or society, but a widely dispersed set of related populations. They were connected by a common network of trade routes, known as the Hopewell Exchange System. At its greatest extent, the Hopewell exchange system ran from the Southeastern United States into the southeastern Canadian shores of Lake Ontario. Within this area societies participated in a high degree of exchange with the highest amount of activity along waterways. The Hopewell exchange system received materials from all over the United States. Most of the items traded were exotic materials and were received by people living in the major trading and manufacturing areas. These people then converted the materials into products and exported them through local and regional exchange networks. The objects created by the Hopewell exchange system spread far and wide and have been seen in many burials outside the Midwest.

wn.com/Hopewell_tradition
Taos Pueblo
Taos Pueblo (or Pueblo de Taos) is an ancient pueblo belonging to a Taos (Northern Tiwa) speaking Native American tribe of Pueblo people. It is approximately 1000 years old and lies about 1-mile (1.6 km) north of the modern city of Taos, New Mexico, USA. The Red Willow Creek, or Rio Pueblo de Taos (also called Rio Pueblo), is a small stream which flows through the middle of the pueblo from its source in the Sangre de Cristo Range. A reservation of 95,000 acres (380 km²) is attached to the pueblo, and about 1,900 people live in this area.
Taos Pueblo is a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos. The Taos community is known for being one of the most secretive and conservative pueblos.
Taos Pueblo's most prominent architectural feature is a multi-storied residential complex of reddish-brown adobe divided into two parts by the Rio Pueblo. According to the Pueblo's Web site, it was probably built between 1000 and 1450 A.D. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on October 9, 1960, and in 1992 became a World Heritage Site. As of 2006, about 150 people live in it full-time.

wn.com/Taos_Pueblo
Teotihuacan
Coordinates: 19°41′33″N 98°50′37.68″W / 19.6925°N 98.8438°W / 19.6925; -98.8438
Teotihuacan – also written Teotihuacán, with a Spanish orthographic accent on the last syllable – is an enormous archaeological site in the Basin of Mexico, just 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Mexico City, containing some of the largest pyramidal structures built in the pre-Columbian Americas. Apart from the pyramidal structures, Teotihuacan is also known for its large residential complexes, the Avenue of the Dead, and numerous colorful, well-preserved murals. Additionally, Teotihuacan produced a thin orange pottery style that spread through Mesoamerica.
The city is thought to have been established around 100 BC and continued to be built until about 250 AD. The city may have lasted until sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries AD. At its zenith, perhaps in the first half of the 1st millennium AD, Teotihuacan was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas, with a population of perhaps 125,000 or more, placing it among the largest cities of the world in this period. Teotihuacan began as a new religious center in the Mexican Highland around the first century AD. This city came to be the largest and most populated center in the New World. Teotihuacan was even home to multi-floor apartment compounds built to accommodate this large population. The civilization and cultural complex associated with the site is also referred to as Teotihuacan or Teotihuacano.

wn.com/Teotihuacan
Tewa people
The Tewa (or Tano) are a linguistic group of Pueblo American Indians who speak the Tewa language and share the Pueblo culture. Their homelands are on or near the Rio Grande in New Mexico north of Santa Fe. They comprise the following communities:
The Arizona Tewa, descendants of those who fled the Second Pueblo Revolt of 1680-1692, live on the Hopi Reservation in Arizona, mostly in Tewa Village and Polacca on the First Mesa.
Tewa (also known as Tano) is one of five Tanoan languages spoken by the Pueblo people of New Mexico. Though these five languages are closely related, speakers of one cannot fully understand speakers of another (similar to German and English speakers). The six Tewa-speaking pueblos are Nambe, Pojoaque, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Santa Clara, and Tesuque.
As with Tiwa, Towa and Keres, there is some disagreement among the Tewa people as to whether Tewa should be a written language or not. Some Pueblo elders feel that Tewa languages should be preserved by oral traditions alone. However, many Tewa speakers have decided that Tewa literacy is important for passing the language on to the children. The Tewa pueblos developed their own orthography (spelling system) for their language, San Juan Pueblo has published a dictionary of Tewa, and today there are Tewa language programs teaching children to read and write in most of the Tewa-speaking pueblos.

wn.com/Tewa_people

Alex Mica - Dalinda (Official Video)

iTunes download link: tinyurl.com fb.com Cat Music Online: www.catmusic.ro http www.youtub...

published: 08 Mar 2012

author: catmusicoffice

ALEX MICA - BREATHE (OFFICIAL VIDEO)

Concerte/Booking: 1ArtistMusic 072-3001311(1ArtistMusic - Manager) / International: bookin...

published: 08 Oct 2012

author: 1artistmusic

one2play - mekani zvekan-mica maca

...

published: 31 Jan 2011

author: Theone2play

Alex Mica - Breathe

Concerte/Booking: 1ArtistMusic 072-3001311(1ArtistMusic - Manager) / International: bookin...

published: 13 Jul 2012

author: 1artistmusic

NEK SI ALESSIO - MICA MICA VIDEOCLIP ORIGINAL

...

published: 05 Apr 2012

author: nekmasterstudio

Dony - Mi Hermosa ft. Alex Mica (Official Single)

Official Facebook page: www.facebook.com iTunes song download link: tinyurl.com Cat Music ...

published: 04 May 2012

author: catmusicoffice

Alex Mica - Dalinda (Official Radio Edit)

Concerte/Booking: booking@1artistmusic.com 072-3001311 (Manager - 1ArtistMusic) Licensing:...

published: 23 Nov 2011

author: AlexMicaOfficialTV

Alex Mica - HEYA (Official Single)

Facebook official page: fb.com iTunes download link: itunes.apple.com Cat Music Online: ww...

published: 19 Nov 2012

author: catmusicoffice

ALEX MICA - HEYA ( RADIO EDIT )

Concerte/Booking: 1ArtistMusic 072-3001311 (1ArtistMusic - Manager) International: booking...

published: 08 Nov 2012

author: 1artistmusic

Dony - Mi Hermosa ft. Alex Mica

Concerte/Booking: 1ArtistMusic 072-3001311(1ArtistMusic - Manager) / International: bookin...

published: 02 May 2012

author: 1artistmusic

ALEX MICA - DONNA GIALLA (RADIO EDIT)

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published: 18 Jan 2013

author: 1artistmusic

TAP 011 - KOMSINICA MICA

...

published: 18 Mar 2009

author: danilosubotic

Alex Mica - Breathe (Official Single)

fb.com iTunes download link: itunes.apple.com Cat Music Online: www.catmusic.ro http www.y...

published: 30 Jul 2012

author: catmusicoffice

A Thousand Years (Cover) - Emmanuelle Vera & Mica Caldito

Sorry I've been gone for so long! Hope this makes up for it. :) My friends (who made this ...

published: 04 Feb 2012

author: Emmanuelle Vera

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photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon

In this Sept. 14, 2012 file photo, Libyan military guards check one of the burnt out buildings at the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, during a visit by Libyan President Mohammed el-Megarif to express sympathy for the death of American ambassador to Libya Chris Stevens and his colleagues in the Sept. 11, 2012 attack on the consulate.

There are bigger issues to worry about than Benghazi

The News Tribune

25 Jan 2013

Republicans wanted nothing more than to summon Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to Capitol Hill and grill her about the tragic fiasco in Benghazi. Sadly for them, they got their wish. Clinton’s smooth and confident performance at Wednesday’s Senate and House committee hearings was fun to watch. When her would-be inquisitors asked serious questions, she gave serious answers. But when Sen ... Fat chance ... Benghazi ... Perhaps not ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

A bronze bust of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is visible in the foreground as President Barack Obama meets with senior advisors, in the Oval Office, Feb. 4, 2010.

Same Bibles, Different Theologies and Histories

WorldNews.com

24 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the world of politics and imagination, theater usually trumps theology while history is most often vanquished by histrionics. President Barack Obama's swearing-in ceremony for a second term reflects this truth, specifically as he uses two historic bibles-one belonging to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and another used only by Abraham Lincoln ... "With malice toward none; with charity for all."....(size: 7.3Kb)

photo: AP / Themba Hadebe

Zambia's Emmanuel Mayuka, left, is challenged by Nigeria's Godfrey Oboabona, right, during their African Cup of Nations Group C soccer match at Mbombela Stadium in Nelspruit, South Africa, Friday Jan. 25, 2013.

Africa Cup of Nations - Nigeria v Zambia & B Faso v EthiopiaLive

BBC News

25 Jan 2013

Live text commentary as Zambia face Nigeria and Bukina Faso play Ethiopia in Group C of the Africa Cup of Nations. To get live updates & watch our video coverage you must enable Javascript. Watch My Cup of Nations - Daouda Diakite Watch My Cup of Nations - Jacob Mulenga. 25 January 2013 Share this page. print. Get involved. To get involved contact us in any of the following ways Send us a text ... Live Reporting. In Summary ... 1430.  ... ....(size: 17.2Kb)

photo: USAF / Tech. Sgt. Chad Chisholm

File - A staff sergeant marshalls an MQ-9 Reaper after it returned from a mission Dec. 1, 2010, at Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan.

UN launches major investigation into civilian drone deaths

Antiwar

24 Jan 2013

Ben Emmerson QC addresses reporters in London (Photo. TBIJ). A UN investigation into the legality and casualties of drone strikes has been formally launched, with a leading human rights lawyer revealing the team that will carry out the inquiry. The announcement came as the latest reported US drone strike in Yemen was said to have mistakenly killed two children ... In total some 25 strikes are expected to be examined in detail ... He added....(size: 7.1Kb)

photo: UN / Martine Perret

File - Health Officers of the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) with the support of the World Health Organization help the Ministry of Health to monitor and coordinate the national response to the human cases of the H1N1 influenza virus, 7 May, 2009.

Swine flu infected 'fifth of people'

BBC News

25 Jan 2013

At least one in five people, including half of schoolchildren, were infected with swine flu during the first year of the pandemic in 2009, according to data from 19 countries. It is thought the virus killed 200,000 people around the world. A World Health Organization-led study looked for evidence of the body's immune system fighting the virus ... Anti-bodies ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

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Monarch of tabletops

The Hindu

25 Jan 2013

It has lined the interiors of everything from greasy spoon cafes to luxury cruise liners, from hospital wards to train cabins, bringing a fusion of wipe-clean practicality and sleek modern style ... Invented in Cincinnati in 1913 by engineers Daniel O'Conor and Herbert Faber, Formica laminate was designed to be an electrical insulator, to serve as a replacement for the silicate mineral mica - hence “for mica” ... Keywords....(size: 3.6Kb)

Hypocrisy in Florida's request for federal relief from Hurricane Sandy

The Examiner

25 Jan 2013

Disaster relief for Hurricane Sandy became a contested political issue when Congress, specifically the House of Representatives, delayed a vote to approve federal financial assistance to the states of New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut ... Governor Chris Christie Jan ... 2, 2013 ... Those Representatives are; Jeff Miller, Steve Southerland, Ted Yoho, Ron DeSantis, John Mica, Bill Posey, Daniel Webster, Richard Nugent, Gus M ... Tweet. 0 Email ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)

December 2012 Quarterly Report (WCP Resources Ltd)

noodls

25 Jan 2013

(Source. WCP Resources Ltd). ANNOUNCEMENT TO THE AUSTRALIAN SECURITIES EXCHANGE. 24 JANUARY 2013. DECEMBER 2012 QUARTERLY REPORT ... Al Hariqah Gold Project . ... The geology at Al Hariqah consists of Proterozoic quartz mica schist bordered to the east by Proterozoic metavolcanics and to the west by Proterozoic Metasediments. The mineralisation appears to be dominantly hosted by the quartz mica schist and is commonly associated with arsenopyrite....(size: 22.5Kb)

Connolly to be top Democrat on federal ‘uber-subcommittee’

The Washington Post

24 Jan 2013

John Mica (R-Fla.), who was recently forced by term limits to give up the gavel of the powerful Transportation and Infrastructure Committee ... Mica was supportive of that effort, and Connolly said they plan to have lunch soon and talk about the new subcommittee agenda ... Mica, for his part, said earlier this month that chairing the new subcommittee ......(size: 3.5Kb)

Daytona Avenue Bridge Groundbreaking held in Holly Hill (Photos)

The Examiner

24 Jan 2013

Present Holly Hill Police Chief Mark Barker, then Acting City Manager, initially started working with Florida Congressman John Mica’s office, and the Congressman’s office coordinated with the Florida Department of Transportation on the bridge replacement project.View slideshow ... Congressman John Mica, local and state officials, and a special helper at the Daytona Avenue Bridge Groundbreaking, Jan....(size: 7.6Kb)

Sporting B, 2- Sp. Covilhã, 1 (Sporting - Sociedade Desportiva de Futebol SAD)

noodls

24 Jan 2013

(Source. Sporting - Sociedade Desportiva de Futebol SAD) Sporting B was back in winning form this Wednesday evening, with a 2-1 win over Sporting da Covilhã ... Match Report ... 1-1 ... 32 - Victor Golas, 19 - Arias, 34 - Tiago Ilori, 75 - Juary Soares, 76 - Mica; 71 - Fabrice Fokobo, 49 - João Mário, 37 - Kikas, 47 - Ricardo Esgaio, 87 - Betinho, 51 - Bruma ... Yellow, Ricardo Esgaio (40 m), Mica (56 m), Juary Soares (87 m), Fabrice Fokobo (90m+1)....(size: 2.8Kb)

Miracle recovery from 40-minute death at Melbourne Sports & Aquatic Centre

The Daily Telegraph Australia

24 Jan 2013

A FORMER junior world champion triathlete who was clinically dead for more than 40 minutes was brought back to life by an extraordinary group of people who refused to give up on her ... "Then I got down to one end and she wasn't there," he said ... She did not respond. "With a lot of cardiac arrests like this, you would stop treating them if they did not respond and call it on the scene," MICA paramedic Phil Smith said ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)

Fitness Expo promotes exercise, health in New Year (The United States Army)

noodls

24 Jan 2013

(Source. The United States Army). Hundreds of fitness enthusiasts attended the 2013 Health and Fitness Expo at Graves Fitness Center Jan ... "This is intended to bring together a lot of fitness sources to celebrate health," said Debra Taylor, Fort Belvoir DFMWR marketing director ... "We opened at 10 a.m ... We have a total of 31 vendors helping us with that today," said Mica Koefod, Fort Belvoir fitness specialist ... (noodl....(size: 5.3Kb)

Hurricane Sandy recovery efforts (The United States Army)

noodls

23 Jan 2013

(Source. The United States Army) ... a remote barrier island with very limited road access ... A mobile information collection system (MICA) allows for increased efficiency during site assessments, as information on the nature of the debris along with pictures of the property can be immediately uploaded to a central database....(size: 1.9Kb)

New Nature comment argues that energy efficiency â€œrebound effectâ€ is no excuse for inaction (EDF - Environmental Defense Fund)

noodls

23 Jan 2013

(Source. EDF - Environmental Defense Fund). Contact. . Mica Vehik, (512) 691-3451, mvehik@edf.org. (New York, NY - Jan. 23, 2013) Buy a more fuel-efficient car and you will drive it more. The 'rebound effect' is real, argue Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) economist Gernot Wagnerand three colleagues in this week's Nature, but it is too small to reverse energy savings entirely ... Treasury ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 3.1Kb)

MetraTech Deployed at Guarulhos International GRU Airport in Brazil to Modernize Billing and Settlement for ...

Stockhouse

23 Jan 2013

The Invepar-ACSA consortium is led by Invepar - Investimentos e Participações em Infraestrutura SA, which owns 90 percent of the consortium and belongs to employee pension funds from companies including banks Banco do Brasil and Caixa Econômica Federal, as well as oil company Petrobras - Petróleo Brasileiro SA and OAS Investimentos. ACSA - Airport Company South Africa owns 10 percent of the consortium ... TU) ... Facebook....(size: 7.4Kb)

Power out for some customers in Carson Valley

MSNBC

23 Jan 2013

(KRNV & MyNews4.com) -- At 1.30pm this afternoon, there were 2,000 customers from Mica Road to Johnston Lane in Carson Valley without power, according to NV Energy ......(size: 1.2Kb)

Lizzie Deane & Friends

Skiddle

23 Jan 2013

Having performed and toured with many highly-acclaimed artists including Pee Wee Ellis & Fred Wesley (JB Horns), Carleen Anderson, Martha High, Jocelyn Brown, Mica Paris and Kim Mazelle, as well as Boy George, Belinda Carlisle, Howard Jones and Just Jack, Lizzie is stepping out of the shadows as an artist and performer in her own right, having ......(size: 2.0Kb)

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For other uses, see Mica (disambiguation).

Rock with mica

Mica sheet

Mica flakes

The mica group of sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals includes several closely related materials having close to perfect basal cleavage. All are monoclinic, with a tendency towards pseudohexagonal crystals, and are similar in chemical composition. The highly perfect cleavage, which is the most prominent characteristic of mica, is explained by the hexagonal sheet-like arrangement of its atoms.

The word "mica" is derived from the Latin word mica, meaning "a crumb", and probably influenced by micare, "to glitter".^[1]

1 Mica classification
- 1.1 Trioctahedral micas
- 1.2 Interlayer deficient micas
2 Occurrence and production
3 Properties and uses
4 Substitutes
5 Mica in ancient times
6 Mica powder
7 References
8 External links

Mica classification [link]

Chemically, micas can be given the general formula^[2]

X₂Y_4–6Z₈O₂₀(OH,F)₄

in which X is K, Na, or Ca or less commonly Ba, Rb, or Cs;

Y is Al, Mg, or Fe or less commonly Mn, Cr, Ti, Li, etc.;

Z is chiefly Si or Al, but also may include Fe³⁺ or Ti.

Structurally, micas can be classed as dioctahedral (Y = 4) and trioctahedral (Y = 6). If the X ion is K or Na, the mica is a "common" mica, whereas if the X ion is Ca, the mica is classed as a "brittle" mica.

Trioctahedral micas [link]

Common micas:

Brittle micas:

Clintonite

Interlayer deficient micas [link]

Very fine-grained micas, which typically show more variation in ion and water content, are informally termed "clay micas". They include

Hydro-muscovite with H₃O⁺ along with K in the X site;
Illite with a K deficiency in the X site and correspondingly more Si in the Z site;
Phengite with Mg or Fe²⁺ substituting for Al in the Y site and a corresponding increase in Si in the Z site.

Occurrence and production [link]

File:Mica output2.PNG

Mica output in 2005

Mica is widely distributed and occurs in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary regimes. Large crystals of mica used for various applications are typically mined from granitic pegmatites.

Until the 19th century, large crystals of mica were quite rare and expensive as a result of the limited supply in Europe. However, their price dramatically dropped when large reserves were found and mined in Africa and South America during the early 19th century. The largest documented single crystal of mica (phlogopite) was found in Lacey mine, Ontario, Canada; it measured 10×4.3×4.3 m and weighed about 330 tonnes.^[3] Similar-sized crystals were also found in Karelia, Russia.^[4]

The British Geological Survey reported that as of 2005, Kodarma district in Jharkhand state in India had the largest deposits of mica in the world. China was the top producer of mica with almost a third of the global share, closely followed by the US, South Korea and Canada. Large deposits of sheet mica were mined in New England from the 19th century to the 1960s. Large mines existed in Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine.

Scrap and flake mica is produced all over the world. In 2010, the major producers were Russia (100,000 tonnes), Finland (68,000 t), United States (53,000 t), South Korea (50,000 t), France (20,000 t) and Canada (15,000 t). The total production was 350,000 t, although no reliable data were available for China. Most sheet mica was produced in India (3,500 t) and Russia (1,500 t).^[5] Flake mica comes from several sources: the metamorphic rock called schist as a byproduct of processing feldspar and kaolin resources, from placer deposits, and from pegmatites. Sheet mica is considerably less abundant than flake and scrap mica, and is occasionally recovered from mining scrap and flake mica. The most important sources of sheet mica are pegmatite deposits. Sheet mica prices vary with grade and can range from less than $1 per kilogram for low-quality mica to more than $2,000 per kilogram for the highest quality.^[6]

Properties and uses [link]

The mica group represents 37 phyllosilicate minerals that have a layered or platy texture. The commercially important micas are muscovite and phlogopite, which are used in a variety of applications. Mica’s value is based on several of its unique physical properties. The crystalline structure of mica forms layers that can be split or delaminated into thin sheets usually causing foliation in rocks. These sheets are chemically inert, dielectric, elastic, flexible, hydrophilic, insulating, lightweight, platy, reflective, refractive, resilient, and range in opacity from transparent to opaque. Mica is stable when exposed to electricity, light, moisture, and extreme temperatures. It has superior electrical properties as an insulator and as a dielectric, and can support an electrostatic field while dissipating minimal energy in the form of heat; it can be split very thin (0.025 to 0.125 millimeters or thinner) while maintaining its electrical properties, has a high dielectric breakdown, is thermally stable to 500 °C, and is resistant to corona discharge. Muscovite, the principal mica used by the electrical industry, is used in capacitors that are ideal for high frequency and radio frequency. Phlogopite mica remains stable at higher temperatures (to 900 °C) and is used in applications in which a combination of high-heat stability and electrical properties is required. Muscovite and phlogopite are used in sheet and ground forms.^[7]

Ground mica [link]

The leading use of dry-ground mica in the US was in joint compound for filling and finishing seams and blemishes in gypsum wallboard (drywall). The mica acts as a filler and extender, provides a smooth consistency, improves the workability of the compound, and provides resistance to cracking. In 2008, joint compound accounted for 54% of dry-ground mica consumption. In the paint industry, ground mica is used as a pigment extender that also facilitates suspension, reduces chalking, prevents shrinking and shearing of the paint film, increases resistance of the paint film to water penetration and weathering, and brightens the tone of colored pigments. Mica also promotes paint adhesion in aqueous and oleoresinous formulations. Consumption of dry-ground mica in paint, the second ranked use, accounted for 22% of the dry-ground mica used in 2008.^[6]

Ground mica is used in the well-drilling industry as an additive to drilling fluids. The coarsely ground mica flakes help prevent the loss of circulation by sealing porous sections of the drill hole. Well drilling muds accounted for 15% of dry-ground mica use in 2008. The plastics industry used dry-ground mica as an extender and filler, especially in parts for automobiles as lightweight insulation to suppress sound and vibration. Mica is used in plastic automobile fascia and fenders as a reinforcing material, providing improved mechanical properties and increased dimensional stability, stiffness, and strength. Mica-reinforced plastics also have high-heat dimensional stability, reduced warpage, and the best surface properties of any filled plastic composite. In 2008, consumption of dry-ground mica in plastic applications accounted for 2% of the market. The rubber industry used ground mica as an inert filler and mold release compound in the manufacture of molded rubber products, such as tires and roofing. The platy texture acts as an antiblocking, antisticking agent. Rubber mold lubricant accounted for 1.5% of the dry-ground mica used in 2008. As a rubber additive, mica reduces gas permeation and improves resiliency.^[6]

Dry-ground mica is used in the production of rolled roofing and asphalt shingles, where it serves as a surface coating to prevent sticking of adjacent surfaces. The coating is not absorbed by freshly manufactured roofing because mica’s platy structure is unaffected by the acid in asphalt or by weather conditions. Mica is used in decorative coatings on wallpaper, concrete, stucco, and tile surfaces. It also is used as an ingredient in flux coatings on welding rods, in some special greases, and as coatings for core and mold release compounds, facing agents, and mold washes in foundry applications. Dry-ground phlogopite mica is used in automotive brake linings and clutch plates to reduce noise and vibration (asbestos substitute); as sound-absorbing insulation for coatings and polymer systems; in reinforcing additives for polymers to increase strength and stiffness and to improve stability to heat, chemicals, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation; in heat shields and temperature insulation; in industrial coating additive to decrease the permeability of moisture and hydrocarbons; and in polar polymer formulations to increase the strength of epoxies, nylons, and polyesters.^[6]

Mica flakes embedded in a fresque for glitter

Wet-ground mica, which retains the brilliancy of its cleavage faces, is used primarily in pearlescent paints by the automotive industry. Many metallic-looking pigments are composed of a substrate of mica coated with another mineral, usually titanium dioxide (TiO₂). The resultant pigment produces a reflective color depending on the thickness of the coating. These products are used to produce automobile paint, shimmery plastic containers, high quality inks used in advertising and security applications. In the cosmetics industry, its reflective and refractive properties make mica an important ingredient in blushes, eye liner, eye shadow, foundation, hair and body glitter, lipstick, lip gloss, mascara, moisturizing lotions, and nail polish. Some brands of toothpaste include powdered white mica. This acts as a mild abrasive to aid polishing of the tooth surface, and also adds a cosmetically pleasing, glittery shimmer to the paste. Mica is added to latex balloons to provide a colored shiny surface.^[6]

Mica is also used as an insulator in concrete block, home attics, and can be poured into walls (usually in retrofitting uninsulated open top walls). Mica may also be used as a soil conditioner, especially in potting soil mixes and in gardening plots. Greases used for axles are composed of a compound of fatty oils to which mica, tar or graphite is added to increase the durability of the grease and give it a better surface.

Built-up mica [link]

Muscovite and phlogopite splittings can be fabricated into various built-up mica products. Produced by mechanized or hand setting of overlapping splittings and alternate layers of binders and splittings, built-up mica is used primarily as an electrical insulation material. Mica insulation is used in high-temperature and fire-resistant power cables in aluminium plants, blast furnaces, critical wiring circuits (for example, defense systems, fire and security alarm systems, and surveillance systems), heaters and boilers, lumber kilns, metal smelters, and tanks and furnace wiring. Specific high-temperature mica-insulated wire and cable is rated to work for up to 15 minutes in molten aluminium, glass, and steel. Major products are bonding materials; flexible, heater, molding, and segment plates; mica paper; and tape.^[6]

Flexible plate is used in electric motor and generator armatures, field coil insulation, and magnet and commutator commutator core insulation. Mica consumption in flexible plate was about 21 tonnes in 2008 in the US. Heater plate is used where high-temperature insulation is required. Molding plate is sheet mica from which V-rings are cut and stamped for use in insulating the copper segments from the steel shaft ends of a commutator. Molding plate is also fabricated into tubes and rings for insulation in armatures, motor starters, and transformers. Segment plate acts as insulation between the copper commutator segments of direct-current universal motors and generators. Phlogopite built-up mica is preferred because it wears at the same rate as the copper segments. Although muscovite has a greater resistance to wear, it causes uneven ridges that may interfere with the operation of a motor or generator. Consumption of segment plate was about 149 t in 2008 in the US. Some types of built-up mica have the bonded splittings reinforced with cloth, glass, linen, muslin, plastic, silk, or special paper. These products are very flexible and are produced in wide, continuous sheets that are either shipped, rolled, or cut into ribbons or tapes, or trimmed to specified dimensions. Built-up mica products may also be corrugated or reinforced by multiple layering. In 2008, about 351 t of built-up mica was consumed in the US, mostly for molding plates (19%) and segment plates (42%).^[6]

Sheet mica [link]

Mica insulator items

Silver mica capacitors

Muscovite windows

Sheet mica is used in electrical components, electronics, isinglass, and atomic force microscopy. Other uses include diaphragms for oxygen-breathing equipment, marker dials for navigation compasses, optical filters, pyrometers, thermal regulators, stove and kerosene heater windows, and micathermic heater elements. Mica is birefringent and is therefore commonly used to make quarter and half wave plates. Specialized applications for sheet mica are found in aerospace components in air-, ground-, and sea-launched missile systems, laser devices, medical electronics and radar systems. Mica is mechanically stable in micrometer-thin sheets which are relatively transparent to radiation (such as alpha particles) while being impervious to most gases. It is therefore used as a window on radiation detectors such as Geiger-Müller tubes.

In 2008, mica splittings represented the largest part of the sheet mica industry in the United States. Consumption of muscovite and phlogopite splittings was about 308 t in 2008. Muscovite splittings from India accounted for essentially all domestic consumption. The remainder was primarily imported from Madagascar.^[6]

Electrical and electronic [link]

Sheet mica is used principally in the electronic and electrical industries. Its usefulness in these applications is derived from its unique electrical and thermal insulating properties and its mechanical properties, which allow it to be cut, punched, stamped, and machined to close tolerances. The leading use of block mica is as an electrical insulator in electronic equipment. High-quality block mica is processed to line the gauge glasses of high-pressure steam boilers because of its flexibility, transparency, and resistance to heat and chemical attack. Only high-quality muscovite film mica, which is variously called India ruby mica or ruby muscovite mica, is used as a dielectric in capacitors. The highest quality mica film is used to manufacture capacitors for calibration standards. The next lower grade is used in transmitting capacitors. Receiving capacitors use a slightly lower grade of high-quality muscovite.^[6]

Mica sheets are used to provide structure for heating wire (such as in Kanthal or Nichrome) in heating elements and can withstand up to 900 °C (1,650 °F).

Isinglass [link]

Thin transparent sheets of mica called "isinglass" were used for peepholes in boilers, lanterns, stoves, and kerosene heaters because they were less likely to shatter compared to glass when exposed to extreme temperature gradients. Such peepholes were also used in "isinglass curtains" in horse-drawn carriages^[8] and early 20th century cars. A book about a journey in a Model T Ford car describes isinglass curtains as follows: "Oiled canvas side curtains were put up over the windows for wind, rain, and cold (there were no heaters) and were held in place with rods that fit into the doors and twisting button snaps around the perimeter... 'Isinglass' peepholes in the curtains allowed limited visibility. Isinglass was made of thin sheets of cracked mica."^[9]

Atomic force microscopy [link]

Another use of mica is in the production of ultraflat, thin-film surfaces (e.g. gold surfaces) using mica as substrate. Although the deposited film surface is still rough due to deposition kinetics, the back side of the film at mica-film interface provides ultraflatness, when the film is removed from the substrate. Such ultraflat substrates are common substrates for sample preparation for the atomic force microscopy.^[10] Freshly cleaved mica surfaces have been used as clean imaging substrates in atomic force microscopy, enabling for example the imaging of bismuth films,^[11] plasma glycoproteins,^[12] membrane bilayers,^[13] and DNA molecules.^[14]

Substitutes [link]

Some lightweight aggregates, such as diatomite, perlite, and vermiculite, may be substituted for ground mica when used as filler. Ground synthetic fluorophlogopite, a fluorine-rich mica, may replace natural ground mica for uses that require thermal and electrical properties of mica. Many materials can be substituted for mica in numerous electrical, electronic, and insulation uses. Substitutes include acrylate polymers, cellulose acetate, fiberglass, fishpaper, nylon, phenolics, polycarbonate, polyester, styrene, vinyl-PVC, and vulcanized fiber. Mica paper made from scrap mica can be substituted for sheet mica in electrical and insulation applications.^[5]

Hand carved from mica from the Hopewell tradition

Mica in ancient times [link]

Human use of mica dates back to prehistoric times. Mica was known to ancient Indian, Egyptian, Greek and Roman and Chinese civilizations, as well as the Aztec civilization of the New World.

The earliest use of mica has been found in cave paintings created during the Upper Paleolithic period (40,000 BC to 10,000 BC). The first hues were red (iron oxide, hematite, or red ochre) and black (manganese dioxide, pyrolusite), though black from juniper or pine carbons has also been discovered. White from kaolin or mica was used occasionally.

A few kilometers northeast of Mexico City stands the ancient site of Teotihuacan. The most striking visual and striking structure of Teotihuacan is the towering Pyramid of the Sun. The pyramid contained considerable amounts of mica in layers up to 30 cm (12 in) thick.^[15]

Natural mica was and is still used by the Taos and Picuris Pueblos Indians in north-central New Mexico to make pottery. The pottery is made from weathered Precambrian mica schist, and has flecks of mica throughout the vessels. Tewa Pueblo pottery is made by coating the clay with mica to provide a dense-glittery micaceous finish over the entire object.^[6]

Mica powder [link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Throughout the ages, fine powders of mica have been used for various purposes, including decorations. Powdered mica glitter is used to decorate traditional water clay pots in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; it is also used on traditional Pueblo pottery, though not restricted to use on water pots in this case. The gulal and abir (colored powders) used by North Indian Hindus during the festive season of Holi contain fine, small crystals of mica to create a sparkling effect. The majestic Padmanabhapuram Palace, 65 km (40 mi) from Trivandrum in India, has colored mica windows.

References [link]

This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document: "Mica". http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mica/.

^ E. M. Kirkpatrick, ed. (1983). Chambers 20th Century Dictionary. Schwarz, Davidson, Seaton, Simpson, Sherrard (New ed.). Edinburgh: W & R Chambers Ltd. p. 793. ISBN 0550102345.
^ Deer, W. A., R. A. Howie and J. Zussman (1966) An Introduction to the Rock Forming Minerals, Longman, ISBN 0-582-44210-9
^ P. C. Rickwood (1981). "The largest crystals". American Mineralogist 66: 885–907. http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM66/AM66_885.pdf.
^ "The giant crystal project site". http://giantcrystals.strahlen.org/europe/kovdor.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
^ ^a ^b Mica, USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2011
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Thomas P. Dolley Mica, USGS 2008 Minerals Yearbook
^ Thomas P. Dolley [Mica], USGS 2008 Minerals Yearbook (July 2010)
^ Isinglass curtains are referred to in the 1955 musical Oklahoma's song The Surrey with the Fringe on Top.
^ Wilke, Joanne (2007). Eight Women, Two Model Ts and the American West. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803260199.
^ Substrates for AFM, in Atomic Force Microscopy, Eaton and West, OUP (2010), pp. 87–89, ISBN 978-0-19-957045-4.
^ Weisenhorn, A. L.; et al. (1991). "Atomically resolved images of bismuth films on mica with an atomic force microscope". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology, B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 9 (2): 1333–1335. DOI:10.1116/1.585190.
^ Marchant, Roger E.; Lea, A. Scott; Andrade, Joseph D.; Bockenstedt, Paula (1992). "Interactions of von Willebrand factor on mica studied by atomic force microscopy". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 148 (1): 261–272. DOI:10.1016/0021-9797(92)90135-9.
^ Singh, Seema; Keller, David J. (1991). "Atomic force microscopy of supported planar membrane bilayers". Biophysical Journal 60 (6): 1401–1410. DOI:10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82177-4. PMC 1260200. PMID 1777565. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1260200.
^ Thundat, T.; Allison, D. P.; Warmack, R. J.; Brown, G. M.; Jacobson, K. B.; Schrick, J. J.; Ferrell, T. L. (1992). "Atomic force microscopy of DNA on mica and chemically modified mica". Scanning Microscopy 6 (4): 911. PMID 1295085.
^ Fagan, Garrett G. (2006). Archaeological Fantasies: How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public. New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 0415305934. http://books.google.com/?id=sIYpx9mzd4gC&pg=PA102.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mica

v t e Phyllosilicates

Serpentine group	Antigorite · Chrysotile · Lizardite · Népouite

Clay mineral group	Chlorite¹ · Dickite · Halloysite · Illite · Ilmenite · Kaolinite · Montmorillonite · Nacrite · Nontronite · Palygorskite · Saponite · Sepiolite · Serpentine¹ · Talc

Mica group	Biotite · Glauconite · Lepidolite · Margarite · Muscovite · Phlogopite

Chlorite group	Chlorite

1. Serpentine and Chlorite are sometimes considered clay minerals

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Emmanuelle Vera
Born	Zoe Emmanuelle Camcam Vera (1994-11-17) November 17, 1994 (age 17) Philippines
Occupation	Actress, Singer, Dancer
Years active	2010–present

Emmanuelle Vera (born November 17, 1994) is a Filipina singer/songwriter, dancer and actress. She first appeared on 1DOL, a musical teleserye on ABS-CBN as Diana Rosales, the antagonist to Billie Jean Suarez (played by Sarah Geronimo).^[1]

Vera is a new member of ABS-CBN's circle of homegrown talents named Star Magic.

Filmography [link]

TV shows [link]

Television
Year	Title	Role	Network
2010	IDOL	Diana Rosales	ABS-CBN
2010-2011	Shoutout!	Herself / Tuesdelicious group	ABS-CBN
2011	Maalaala Mo Kaya: Tropeo	Susan^[2]^[3]	ABS-CBN
2011	100 Days to Heaven	Yanie Ramirez	ABS-CBN
2011	You Got It 2	Herself as performer	ABS-CBN

References [link]

Persondata
Name	Vera, Emmanuelle
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 17, 1994
Place of birth	Philippines
Date of death
Place of death

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (March 2009)

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (June 2010)

Mica Paris
Birth name	Michelle Wallen
Born	(1969-04-27) 27 April 1969 (age 43) South London, England
Genres	Soul, gospel, R&B, jazz
Occupations	Singer, presenter
Years active	1985–present
Labels	Rhythm Riders, Island^[1]
Website	www.micaparis.com

Mica Paris ( /ˈmiːʃə/ MEE-shə; born Michelle Wallen, 27 April 1969, South London)^[2] is an English soul singer, presenter on radio and television, and occasional actress.

1 Singer
2 Other work
3 Charity work
4 Awards
5 Personal life
6 Discography
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

Singer [link]

Beginnings [link]

Paris' roots are in soul and gospel music. She grew up singing in her grandparents' church and by her mid teens was making regular appearances with 'The Spirit of Watts' gospel choir (with whom she featured on the 1985 EP Gospel Joy).^[2] She abbreviated her forename to Micha, before adopting a "phonetic version". At the age of seventeen, she got her first break as a backing vocalist with the UK band Hollywood Beyond. Paris appeared on their album, If (1985).^[2]

In 1988, she released her debut, platinum-selling album So Good with 4th & Broadway when she was 19 years old.^[3] "My One Temptation" was the lead single. This led to a collaboration with American soul singer Will Downing on a cover version of a classic "Where Is the Love", made famous by Donny Hathaway and Roberta Flack in the early 1970s.^[2]

The 1990s [link]

The follow-up album, Contribution was released in 1991. This extended Paris' soul and gospel influences to bring in hip-hop and house music and featured the track "If I Love U 2 Nite", written especially for Paris by Prince and recorded at his Paisley Park studios.^[3]

With Omar Lye-Fook, a classically trained musician Paris recorded "I Should Have Known Better" in 1990. It was issued on the B-side to "I Never Felt Like This Before". Paris also recorded with Anita Baker, Bonnie Raitt and Natalie Cole on the album Nelson Mandela: An International Tribute for a Free South Africa (1990), and provided the title track to Isaac Julien's Young Soul Rebels movie soundtrack the following year. She worked with the saxophonist Courtney Pine ("Redemption Song" – 1992), the Stereo MCs ("Don't Let Up" – 1992) and Bobby Womack ("I Wish I'd Never Met You" – 1991).

Her third album was Whisper A Prayer (1993), which included the Top 20 singles "I Never Felt Like This Before" and "I Wanna Hold On To You". This followed by more collaboration work on album tracks with Guru on his Jazzmatazz II ("Looking Through Darkness" in 1995), Mark Morrison ("Tears For You" – 1996) and Maxwell ("Mantra" – 1996).

Paris released the album Black Angel on Chrysalis in 1998. It contained a cover version of U2's "One", and a duet with James Ingram. Black Angel produced two more Top 20 singles in "Stay" and 'Carefree". More collaborations followed with Omar ("Confection" – 1994), Max Beesley ("High Vibes" – 1994), Dubversive ("Police & Thieves" – 1998), the Mobo All Stars compilation album in 1998, Mister Exe ("One Million Smiles" – 1998), Prince ("Just My Imagination" – 2000) and Boy George ("I Could Be Someone" – 2000). A collaboration with David Gilmour and Jools Holland on Screamin' Jay Hawkins' track, "I Put A Spell On You" followed in 2001. The trio had regrouped on occasions to perform the hit.

A best of collection was released in 1999.

2000 – 2009 [link]

Two years later Paris lent her voice to Walt Disney Pictures (Touchstone Pictures) soundtrack for, High Heels and Low Lifes, which was later included in the Primal Screen soundtrack compilation album (2001).

In 2003, following three sellout nights at London's The Jazz Cafe, Paris released the Moby sampling "Heart" with Seraphim Suite. Paris also joined Omar onstage for his gig at The Shepherds Bush Empire. She also contributed to the track "I Don't Understand" on Milk & Sugar album. 2004 saw Paris feature as a guest on The New Inspirational Choir's album Inspirations along with Keisha White and Jocelyn Brown.

Paris collaborated on the track "Bodyswerve" by M-Gee in 2005. The track was successful in the club charts and can be found on many dance compilation albums.

In 2005, Paris released the album If You Could Love Me (Wounded Bird Records), featuring backing from the Brecker Brothers on the title track, with executive producer Andreas Neumann and producer Bernard Grobman. Also in 2005, she released an album, Soul Classics, with executive producers Rick Blaskey and Andreas Neumann. It was a collection of the most celebrated soul tracks chosen by listeners of her BBC Radio 2 programme Soul Solutions. She travelled to Australia for a few months to do some live performances at the Basement in Sydney.^[2] Paris can also be found duetting on the track "Run" with Jimmy Barnes on his 2005 Double Happiness album.

Paris collaborated with Lemar on the track "Can't You See" on his album The Truth About Love in 2006. In February 2008 she released the duet "Secret Lovers" with Alexander O'Neal. This was followed by a residency at the Indigo 02.

[edit] Born Again

Paris' latest album, Born Again, was released in June 2009. She embarked on a nationwide tour, which included sell out dates at the Jazz Cafe in February 2009 to showcase her upcoming material. The album was produced by Brian Rawling. James Morrison wrote Paris' first single, "Baby Come Back Now".^[2]

Paris released the second single from Born Again, on 17 August 2009. The track "The Hardest Thing" was remixed by Stonebridge, Almighty and 2Darc.^[4]^[5] Paris performed at various venues prior to the release from the album in March 2010 of the title track "Born Again".^[6]

Paris was the special guest of Boyz II Men on their 20th anniversary UK tour in May 2010, and was also the Very Special Guest of Michael Bolton on his UK tour dates in November & December 2010.

Other work [link]

Television and radio [link]

Although she remained behind the microphone, in 2002 Paris moved to the presenter's chair, when she hosted the 'Soul Solutions' programme on BBC Radio 2^[7] and narrated several music documentaries for the station.

She also presented the 2002 Channel 4 television documentary The Gospel of Gospel which revealed the influence of the black American church tradition on pop music. Produced and directed by David Upshal, it featured contributions from Ray Charles, Isaac Hayes, B. B. King, Al Green, Chaka Khan, Alexander O'Neal, Edwin Hawkins, The Blind Boys of Alabama and Mary Mary. Furthermore, she broadcast a two-part show, 'Purple Reign: The Prince Story', on BBC Radio 2 which covered the entirety of the American artist's controversial career and featured interviews with George Clinton, Chaka Khan and Jimmy Jam.^[2]

In 2005 she appeared on week three of the ITV reality show, Hit Me, Baby, One More Time, which was won by Carol Decker. The same year she made an appearance in, and was the winner of, week one in the second series of Come Dine With Me. From 2007, she was a co-host for two seasons of the popular consumer style programme, What Not to Wear for BBC Television. Other television presenting has followed with Paris being and expert judge on Gok Wan's Miss Naked Beautyfor Channel 4 and ITV's CelebAir.

In 2007, she played the part of Amelia Walker, a (fictitious) American jazz singer, in At Bertram's Hotel, an episode of the ITV series Marple; during the drama the character gives a concert at the Royal Albert Hall, and also sings with Louis Armstrong's band in the hotel dining room whilst both were guests at the hotel.

On 8 July 2008, Paris, her mother, father and sister appeared as The Paris Brigade on series 4 episode 9 of Gordon Ramsay's The F Word, as part of the celebrity brigades series. Paris has continued to appear on a variety of television programmes-–from Channel 5's news talk show, The Wright Stuff, ITV1's all-female panel talk show, Loose Women, The Michael Ball Show and BBC One's Strictly Come Dancing.

Theatre [link]

In 1993, Paris starred in two West End shows, Mama I Want to Sing and Sweet Lorraine.^[2]

In October 2004, Paris took part in the UK tour of the stage play, The Vagina Monologues.

Author [link]

While presenting What Not To Wear, Paris encountered many woman whose stories touched her. She began to examine her own life and choices, and was compelled to tell her story in a bid to inspire confidence and self-esteem to those woman and others. Her book Beautiful Within: Finding Happiness and Confidence in Your Own Skin was published by Simon & Shuster UK; ISBN 1-84737-085-3. The paperback was released in August 2008.

Charity work [link]

She has also designed a pillow-case for ByteNight a charity event organised to raise funds for the NCH and youth homelessness.^[8] Mica is the patron for the Space For Music project, the project to renovate Band on the Wall a venue owned and operated by registered charity Inner City Music Ltd.

Awards [link]

2003 saw Paris being presented with the Gold Badge Award by the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters for her special contribution to the British entertainment industry. In 2004 she was in the Top 10 list of the 100 Great Black Britons, which was compiled to celebrate the achievements and contributions made by the British Black community over the centuries.

Personal life [link]

Paris' sister, Paula Wallen, was also a pop music singer. She was known as Alysha Warren, and recorded in the late 1980s to the mid 1990s. She is now working as a psalmist under her original name. Paris is the cousin of the former World Champion British boxer, Chris Eubank.

Paris has two daughters; Monet (born 1991) and Rupert(Russia) (born June 2006). In 2008 Monet began working on her own debut album.

Paris has been an ambassador of Metropolitan Police's Operation Trident since 2001, when her brother was shot dead whilst at work.^[9]

Discography [link]

Albums [link]

Year	Title	Chart Positions			Singles
Year	Title	UK^[10]	U.S.^[11]	U.S. R&B^[11]	Singles
1988	So Good First studio album Label: 4th & Broadway / Island Released: 27 August 1988	6	86	29	"My One Temptation" "Like Dreamers Do" (featuring Courtney Pine) "Breathe Life Into Me" "Where Is The Love" (with Will Downing)
1990	Contribution Second studio album Label: 4th & Broadway / Island Released: 20 October 1990	26	—	58	"Contribution" "South Of The River" "If I Love U 2 Nite"
1993	Whisper A Prayer Third studio album Label: 4th & Broadway / Island Released: 8 June 1993	20	—	99	"I Never Felt Like This Before" "I Wanna Hold On To You" "Two In A Million" "Whisper A Prayer"
1998	Black Angel Fourth studio album Label: Cooltempo / Chrysalis Released: 10 August 1998	59	—	—	"Stay" "Carefree" "Black Angel"
1999	The Best Of Mica Paris First compilation Label: Spectrum Records Released: 28 June 1999	—	—	—	—
2005	If You Could Love Me Fifth studio album Label: Wounded Bird Released: 4 April 2005 (U.S.)	—	—	—	—
2005	Soul Classics Cover album Label: Sanctuary Released: 26 September 2005	—	—	—	"Tracks of My Tears"
2009	Born Again Sixth studio album Label: Rhythm Riders Released: 1 June 2009	—	—	—	"Baby Come Back Now" "The Hardest Thing" "Born Again"

Singles [link]

Year	Title	Album	Chart positions
Year	Title	Album	UK^[10]	U.S.^[12]	U.S. R&B^[12]	U.S. AC^[12]	U.S. Dance^[12]	IRE	NZ
1988	"My One Temptation"	So Good	7	97	15	8	36	15	—
	"Like Dreamers Do" (featuring Courtney Pine)		26	—	—	—	—	—	—
	"Breathe Life Into Me"		26	—	24	—	—	—	—
1989	"Where Is the Love" (with Will Downing)		19	—	—	—	—	21	—
1990	"Contribution"	Contribution	33	—	39	—	20	—	—
1990	"South Of The River"		50	—	59	—	—	—	—
1991	"If I Love U 2 Nite"		43	—	—	—	—	—	—
1991	"Young Soul Rebels"	Young Soul Rebels Soundtrack	61	—	—	—	—	—	—
1993	"I Never Felt Like This Before"	Whisper A Prayer	15	—	—	—	—	—	—
	"I Wanna Hold On To You"		27	—	46	—	—	—	—
	"Two In A Million"		51	—	—	—	—	—	—
	"Whisper A Prayer"		65	—	—	—	—	—	—
1995	"One"	—	29	—	—	—	—	—	50
1998	"Stay"	Black Angel	40	—	—	—	—	—	31
	"Carefree"		—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	"Black Angel"		72	—	—	—	—	—	—
2005	"Tracks of My Tears"	Soul Classics	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	"Baby Come Back Now"	Born Again	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	"The Hardest Thing"		—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2010	"Born Again"		—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Other appearances [link]

Year	Song	Album
2002	"I Put a Spell on You" (with David Gilmour)	Jools Holland's Big Band Rhythm & Blues^[13]

References [link]

^ Geocities,com
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h "Biography by Mica Paris". MicaParis.com. http://www.micaparis.com/bio.html. Retrieved 28 May 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Mica Paris". The Scotsman (Johnston Publishing Ltd.). 2009-11-06. http://www.scotsman.com/news/mica-paris-1-1223137. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ Micaparis.com/news
^ Amazon.co.uk
^ Micaparis.com/mica
^ "Mica Paris Presents Seminal Soul For Radio 2". Music Industry News Network. 2001-07-27. http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=25500. Retrieved 2012-04-25.
^ "BLACK HISTORY MONTH – Mica Paris". wordpress.com. http://itsbashy.wordpress.com/2008/10/07/black-history-month-mica-pars/.
^ "Mica: Losing my brother". The Sun. UK. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/features/life/article225401.ece.
^ ^a ^b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 417. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ ^a ^b Allmusic.com – Charts & Awards (albums)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Allmusic.com – Charts & Awards (singles)
^ Koda, Cub. Jools Holland's Big Band Rhythm & Blues – Jools Holland at Allmusic. Retrieved 25 November 2011.

External links [link]

v t e Strictly Come Dancing Series 4

Mark Ramprakash Matt Dawson Emma Bunton Louisa Lytton Carol Smillie Claire King Peter Schmeichel Ray Fearon Jan Ravens Georgina Bouzova DJ Spoony Jimmy Tarbuck Mica Paris Nicholas Owen

Persondata
Name	Paris, Mica
Alternative names
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Date of birth	27 April 1969
Place of birth	South London, England
Date of death
Place of death

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