- published: 29 Dec 2006
- views: 99633
- author: magauchsein
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- Affricate
- Affricated clicks
- Afrikaans
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- Damara (people)
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Botswana
Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana (Tswana: Lefatshe la Botswana), is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are properly referred to as "Batswana" (singular: Motswana), but many English-language sources use "Botswanan". Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. It has held free and fair democratic elections since independence.
Botswana is flat, and up to 70% is covered by the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. Its border with Zambia to the north near Kazungula, Zambia is poorly defined but at most is a few hundred meters long.
A mid-sized country of just over two million people, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. Botswana was one of the poorest countries in Africa when it gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1966, with a GDP per capita of about US$70. Botswana has since transformed itself, becoming one of the fastest-growing economies in the world to a GDP (purchasing power parity) per capita of about $14,000. The country also has a strong tradition as a representative democracy.
wn.com/Botswana -
Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (Afrikaans: Republiek van Namibië, German:
Republik Namibia (help·info)), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by Bushmen, Damara, and Namaqua, and since about the 14th century AD by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion. It became a German Imperial protectorate in 1884 and remained a German colony until the end of World War I. In 1920, the League of Nations mandated the country to South Africa, which imposed its laws and, from 1948, its apartheid policy.
wn.com/Namibia -
South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
wn.com/South_Africa -
University of Essex
The University of Essex is a British campus university whose original and largest campus is near the town of Colchester, England. It was established in 1963 and received its Royal Charter in 1965. The University is a member of the 1994 Group. It has 18 main teaching departments and 36 centres and institutes in subjects including biological sciences, computer science, acting, economics, business, health/human sciences, history, language and linguistics, mathematical sciences, human rights, law, literature, film studies, theatre studies, philosophy, art history, psychology, psychoanalytic studies, sociology and government.
The university's main campus is located within Wivenhoe Park in the English county of Essex, less than a mile (1.6 km) from the town of Wivenhoe & 2 miles (3.2 km) from the town of Colchester. Apart from the Wivenhoe Park campus, there is a rapidly developing campus in Southend-on-Sea (Essex's largest town), and the East 15 Acting School is based in Loughton. The University's motto, Thought the harder, heart the keener, is adapted from the Anglo-Saxon poem The Battle of Maldon.
wn.com/University_of_Essex
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Damara (people)
The Damara (Khoekhoegowab: ǂNū-khoë, literally Black people, German: Berg Damara, referring to their extended stay in the hills of Khomas Highland, also called at various times the Daman or the Damaqua) are an ethnic group who make up 8.5% of Namibia's population. They speak the Khoekhoe language (like the Nama people) and the majority live in the northwestern regions of Namibia, however they are also found widely across the rest of the country. They have no known cultural relationship with any of the other tribes anywhere else in Africa, and very little is known of their origin. It has been proposed that the Damara are a remnant population of southwestern Africa hunter-gatherers, otherwise only represented by the Cimba, Kwisi, and Kwadi, who adopted the Khoekhoe language of the immigrant Nama people.
Their name in their own language is the "Daman" (where the "-n" is just the Khoekhoe plural ending). The name "Damaqua" stems from the addition of the Khoekhoe suffix "-qua/khwa" meaning "people" (found in the names of other Southern African peoples like the Namaqua and the Griqua).
wn.com/Damara_(people) -
Damara people
The Damara (Khoekhoegowab: ǂNū-khoë, literally Black people, German: Berg Damara, referring to their extended stay in the hills of Khomas Highland, also called at various times the Daman or the Damaqua) are an ethnic group who make up 8.5% of Namibia's population. They speak the Khoekhoe language (like the Nama people) and the majority live in the northwestern regions of Namibia, however they are also found widely across the rest of the country. They have no known cultural relationship with any of the other tribes anywhere else in Africa, and very little is known of their origin. It has been proposed that the Damara are a remnant population of southwestern Africa hunter-gatherers, otherwise only represented by the Cimba, Kwisi, and Kwadi, who adopted the Khoekhoe language of the immigrant Nama people.
Their name in their own language is the "Daman" (where the "-n" is just the Khoekhoe plural ending). The name "Damaqua" stems from the addition of the Khoekhoe suffix "-qua/khwa" meaning "people" (found in the names of other Southern African peoples like the Namaqua and the Griqua).
wn.com/Damara_people -
Great Namaland
Namaqualand (Afrikaans: Namakwaland) is an arid region of Namibia and South Africa, extending along the west coast over 600 miles (970 km) and covering a total area of 170,000 square miles/440,000 km². It is divided by the lower course of the Orange River into two portions - Little Namaqualand to the south and Great Namaqualand to the north. Little Namaqualand is within the Namakwa District Municipality and forms part of Northern Cape Province, South Africa. A typical municipality is Kamiesberg Local Municipality. Great Namaqualand is in the Karas Region of Namibia. Great Namaqualand is sparsely populated by the Namaqua, a Khoikhoi people who traditionally inhabited the Namaqualand region.
Some of the more prominent towns in this area are Springbok, being the capital of this region, as well as Kleinzee and Koiingnaas, both private mining towns owned by De Beers Diamond Mines. This area is quite rich in alluvial diamonds deposited along the coast by the Orange River. Oranjemund is another mining town along this coast, situated in Namibia but very much on the border. As the name suggests, it is at the mouth of the Orange River which forms the border between South Africa and Namibia. The town of Alexander Bay is located 3 miles (5 km) away opposite the river on the South African side and is linked to Oranjemund by the Ernest Oppenheimer Bridge. Other links crossing the river further upstream are a re-introduced pontoon at Sendelingsdrift in the Richtersveld National Park, and road bridges at Vioolsdrif (the main border crossing between the two countries) and at the remote border crossing of Onseepkans.
wn.com/Great_Namaland -
Herero language
The Herero language (Otjiherero) is a language of the Bantu family (Niger–Congo group). It is spoken by the Ovaherero and Ovambanderu people in Namibia (206,000) and Botswana. The total number of speakers in both countries is approximately 237,000.
Its linguistic distribution covers a zone called Hereroland: this zone is constituted of the region of Omaheke, along with the regions of Otjozondjupa and Kunene. The Ovahimba, who are related to the Ovaherero and Ovambanderu people, speak a dialect very close to the Otjiherero language. In Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, there exists a considerable minority of hererophones.
Because of missionary Gottlieb Viehe's (1839–1901) translation of the Bible into Herero at the end of the 19th century, the spoken language was transcribed to a script based on the Latin alphabet. Father Peter Heinrich Brincker (1836–1904) translated several theological works and songs.
Otjiherero is taught in Namibian schools both as a native tongue and as a secondary language, and is included as a principal material at the University of Namibia. Otjiherero is also one of the six minority languages that are used by the Namibian State Radio (NBC). Gamsberg Macmillan, as of 2008[update], has published the only dictionary in Otjiherero.
wn.com/Herero_language -
Khoekhoe language
The Khoekhoe language /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/, or Khoekhoegowab, also known by the ethnic term Nàmá and previously the now-discouraged term Hottentot, is the most widespread of those languages of southern Africa which contain many "click" sounds, and have therefore been loosely classified as Khoisan languages. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa by three ethnic groups, the Nama, Damara, and Haiǁom. It appears that the Damara picked up the language from the Nama in Botswana, and that they migrated to Namibia separately from the Nama. The Haiǁom, who had spoken a Juu language, later shifted to Khoekhoe. The name for Nama speakers, Khoekhoen, is from the Nama word khoe "person", with reduplication and the suffix -n to indicate the plural. Georg Friedrich Wreede was the first European to study the language, after arriving in Cape Town in 1659.
Khoekhoe is a national language in Namibia. In Namibia and South Africa, radio programs are broadcast in it. In Namibia, it is used for teaching up to the university level, as well as in the administration.
wn.com/Khoekhoe_language -
Khoikhoi
The Khoikhoi ("people people" or "real people") or Khoi, in standardised Khoekhoe/Nama orthography spelled Khoekhoe, are a historical division of the Khoisan ethnic group, the native people of southwestern Africa, closely related to the Bushmen (or San, as the Khoikhoi called them). They had lived in southern Africa since the 5th century AD. When European immigrants colonized the area in 1652, the Khoikhoi were practising extensive pastoral agriculture in the Cape region, with large herds of Nguni cattle. The European immigrants labeled them Hottentots, in imitation of the sound of the Khoekhoe language, but this term is today considered derogatory by some.
Archaeological evidence shows that the Khoikhoi entered South Africa from Botswana through two distinct routes – traveling west, skirting the Kalahari to the west coast, then down to the Cape, and travelling south-east out into the Highveld and then southwards to the south coast. Most of the Khoikhoi have largely disappeared as a group, except for the largest group, the Namas.
wn.com/Khoikhoi -
Khoisan
Khoisan (also spelled Khoesaan, Khoesan or Khoe–San) is a unifying name for two ethnic groups of Southern Africa, who share physical and putative linguistic characteristics distinct from the Bantu majority of the region. Culturally, the Khoisan are divided into the foraging San and the pastoral Khoi. The San include the original inhabitants of Southern Africa before the southward Bantu migrations from Central and East Africa reached their region, which led to Bantu farmers replacing the Khoi and San as the predominant population. Khoi pastoralists apparently arrived in Southern Africa shortly before the Bantu. Over time, some Khoi abandoned pastoralism and adopted the hunter-gatherer economy of the San, likely due to a drying climate, and are now considered San. Similarly, the Bantu Damara later abandoned agriculture and adopted the Khoi economy. Large Khoisan populations remain in several arid areas in the region, notably in the Kalahari Desert.
Other terms used to describe the Khoisan people include Bushmen, referring to the San, and Hottentot, referring to the Khoi or Khoe. Khoi derives from the old Nama word for "person", while Khoe is the modern Nama word. "Bushmen" is still being used by some individuals, though considered obsolete by others (the use of "San" is acceptable, despite its origins as a derogatory Khoe term for the Bushmen), while "Hottentot" is generally considered derogatory and is no longer used ("Khoe" should be used instead).
wn.com/Khoisan -
Nama language
The Khoekhoe language /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/, or Khoekhoegowab, also known by the ethnic term Nàmá and previously the now-discouraged term Hottentot, is the most widespread of those languages of southern Africa which contain many "click" sounds, and have therefore been loosely classified as Khoisan languages. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa by three ethnic groups, the Nama, Damara, and Haiǁom. It appears that the Damara picked up the language from the Nama in Botswana, and that they migrated to Namibia separately from the Nama. The Haiǁom, who had spoken a Juu language, later shifted to Khoekhoe. The name for Nama speakers, Khoekhoen, is from the Nama word khoe "person", with reduplication and the suffix -n to indicate the plural. Georg Friedrich Wreede was the first European to study the language, after arriving in Cape Town in 1659.
Khoekhoe is a national language in Namibia. In Namibia and South Africa, radio programs are broadcast in it. In Namibia, it is used for teaching up to the university level, as well as in the administration.
wn.com/Nama_language -
Tsonga language
The Tsonga or Xitsonga language is spoken in southern Africa by the Tsonga people, also known as the Shangaan.
Tsonga belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger–Congo languages. The language of the Tsonga people is wrongly called Xichangana (or "Shangaan" by outsiders) because some of the people were under the leadership of Soshangana "Manukusa" (wrongly classified as Zulu but actually Ndwandwe(Nguni/Ngoni), thus Xichangana is a hybrid of Xitsonga and the language of the Ndwandwe(Nguni/Ngoni)). Tsonga has different variants, some of which are considered different languages by some linguists : e.g. Tsonga, Ndawu, Ronga and Tswa.
Tsonga is spoken by about 1,972,000 people in South Africa's Limpopo province as well as Gauteng Province and Mpumalanga Province, as well as 1.5 million people in Mozambique, and 19,000 people in Swaziland. There are also 100,000 speakers in Zimbabwe.
In South Africa most of Vatsonga were concentrated in places like e.g. Nkowankowa, Giyani, Malamulele, N'wamitwa, Muhlava, Elim (Axipilongo, ka Jiwawa) in Limpopo and Bushbuckridge(ka Mpisana) and others in Mpumalanga. There are also large numbers in the Northwest, KwaZulu-Natal(Tembe) and Gauteng provinces. Basically they can be found anywhere in the old Transvaal.
wn.com/Tsonga_language
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KhoeKhoegowab Lesson No:1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
KhoeKhoegowab is the most populous and widespread of the Khoisan languages. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa by the Namaqua, Damara, and Haillom, as well as smaller ethnic groups such as the #Khomani. The name for Nama speakers, Khoekhoen, is from the Nama word khoe "person", with reduplication and the suffix -n to indicate the plural. Thusnelda Dausas and Gabriel /Khoeseb are two young teachers from the primery school, a small school vilage called Baumgartsbrunn in Namibia.
http://wn.com/KhoeKhoegowab_Lesson_No1
Mukhtar Nama Episode 34 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:06
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 34 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_34_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 37 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:31
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 37 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_37_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 35 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:24
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 35 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_35_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 38 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:14
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 38 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_38_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 36 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:01
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 36 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_36_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 39 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:29
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 39 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_39_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 33 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:47
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 33 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_33_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 40 Last In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:33
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Mukhtar Nama Episode 40 Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_40_Last_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Basic Introduction to the Nama language Workshop Mar '08 part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 27 Jun 2011
Basic Introduction to the Nama Language Workshop offered by the Language Unit of Western Cape Cultural Affairs Department, was presented by Mr. Perdo Dausab in March 2008 at the District Six Cafe. Bradley van Sitters aka Bradlox !Gurub !Huni was the group leader and coordinator, and organized a group of 35 plus participants wanting to connect to their linguistic heritage.n These workshops programmes has been running for 9 years in total.
http://wn.com/Basic_Introduction_to_the_Nama_language_Workshop_Mar_'08_part_1
Good News DAMARA & NAMA (Khoekhoegowab) People/Language Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
See wlmov.com for the full Good News DAMARA & NAMA Movie .......... This is: Good News DAMARA & NAMA (Khoekhoegowab) People/Language Movie Trailer c17870 [c17870t] Other names for this language are: Berdama, Bergdamara, Dama, Damaqua, Damara, Hottentot, "Hottentot", Kakuya Bushman...
http://wn.com/Good_News_DAMARA_NAMA_Khoekhoegowab_People_Language_Movie_Trailer
Mukhtar Nama Episode 32 In Complete Urdu Language.flv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:46
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
We Will Upload Mukhtar Nama Episode 33 Very Soon Before Releasing.. Watch More Online Movie Visit... www.alemohamed.com http twitter.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_32_In_Complete_Urdu_Languageflv
Basiese Inleiding tot Khoekhoengowab (Namataal)l_Deel 4.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:35
- Updated: 07 Sep 2011
Basiese Inleiding tot die Namataal/ Khoekhoengowab (Basic Introduction to the Nama Language) As part of the linguistic heritage of Southern Africans, especially those who are descendants of the Khoekhoen or San; this language encapsulates the spoken language of the ancients. Or at least is one of those languages. The only Khoekhoen language who has remained in a spoken form and still in use today, spanning across borders. One is also reminded that this is one of the oldest languages found in the world! This presentation was given by Danab !Goahesab Pedro Dausab during the Basic Introduction to Nama language Workshop facilitated by Language Unit of Western Cape Cultural Affairs Department. Dankie Meester! The Lessons are set out to teach the very basics of Khoekhoengowab, from the clicks, greeting, counting, polite phrases...
http://wn.com/Basiese_Inleiding_tot_Khoekhoengowab_Namataall_Deel_4wmv
Mukhtar Nama Episode 36 Urdu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:55
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
High Quality (hq) Master Print, Mukhtar Nama 36 in Urdu No Cuts Voice dubbed by: Sayed Haider Manzar Abbas Video uploaded by: Sayed Haider Manzar Abbas Please Watch, Mukhtar Nama Episode 1 to 32 at: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Episode_36_Urdu
Nadeem Sarwar Noha 2013 Mukhtar Nama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Nadeem Sarwar .ANJUMANE-FAIZ-E HUSSAIN ,VILLAGE=(ARSAWAN), AMBEDKARNAGAR ,UP CASSATES,AVAIL,AT GRAFH AGENCY ,,LUCKNOW HUSSAINI CASSATE CENTRE ,,MUMBAI AMAAFH CASSATE CENTRE ,, MUMBAI RELEASD HAIDREY CASSATE CENTRE ,, MUMBAI RELEASD SAYED AKEEL,CONT ,= 09870708489
http://wn.com/Nadeem_Sarwar_Noha_2013_Mukhtar_Nama
Words of Life Nama: Namibia (Khoekhoegowab) People/Language Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 27 Jul 2010
This is: Words of Life Nama: Namibia (Khoekhoegowab) People/Language Movie Trailer c05511 [c05511t] Other names for this language are: Berdama; Damaqua; Damara; Hottentot; Kakuya Bushman Nasie; Klipkaffer; Namakwa; Namibia; Rooi Nasie; Tama; Khoekhoegowab This language is spoken in:...
http://wn.com/Words_of_Life_Nama_Namibia_Khoekhoegowab_People_Language_Movie_Trailer
Bandgi Nama By S.Ragbir Singh 'Bir' - Punjabi Audio Book for Truth Seekers - Part 1 - Lekhak Baarey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:31
- Updated: 30 May 2012
S. Raghbir Singh Bir, Scion of the highly respected family of Lala Jawahar Mal Ahluwalia who was chief Engineer and in charge of the arsenal of maharaja Ranjit Singh, was born in Lahore on 7th October, 1896. He lost his mother when he was one and a half years old. At the age of four under the inspiration and guidance of his grandmother, Sardarni Bishan Kaur, who was a lady of great devotion, young Raghbir Singh began to practice "Simran." He continued this practice all through his academic career studying side-by-side Sikh History. He was married at the age of 14 to the eldest daughter of S. Sulakhan Singh of Gujranwala. She died after two years and he was married again to Sardarni Rawel Kaur, eldest daughter of S. Sundar Singh Jaspal of Kapurthala, who remained his life long companion right upto his demise.He graduated from the Khalsa College, Amritsar. During his college days he took active part in social and religious activities and wrote poetry. He grew up to be a poet of high order. His most inspiring masterpiece which he himself sang at the Sikh Educational Conference held in Lahore, was `Bajan Walia tere school under asan sunia ke lagdi fees koi ba', became a house hold song in many Sikh homes. The British Government banned his rst Book,`Bir de Tir.' The Jallianwala Bagh tragedy had a great impact on his tender mind. He entered heart and soul in the Akali movement and had to go underground several times on account of his anti-British poems. His father S. Lena Singh ...
http://wn.com/Bandgi_Nama_By_SRagbir_Singh_'Bir'_Punjabi_Audio_Book_for_Truth_Seekers_Part_1_Lekhak_Baarey
Mukhtar Nama Urdu Episode 32 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:58
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
An excellent series directed by Davud Mirbaqeri narrating Mukhtar al-Thaqafi's revenge for Karbala, Mukhtar Thaqafi is a Shia Muslim leader who set up a movement in 686 AD in the town of Kufa to avenge the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS). Starring: Fariborz Arabnia, Reza Ruygari, Reza Kianian and Rahman Baqerian, 'Mokhtarnameh' is the sixth TV series directed by Mirbaqeri. The series, which took five years to complete, includes 40 episodes and is produced by Sima Films. The story reviews the events leading to the martyrdom of the Imams and ends with the adolescence of Mokhtar. The film also deals with 16 years of Mokhtar's life and includes the death of Mo'awiyah, the succession of Yazid ibn-Mo'awiyah, and the events leading to Ashura and whatever related to the uprising of Mokhtar until his and his companions' martyrdom. When Yazid I, the second Umayyad Caliph, took power in 680, some Muslims in Iraq were dissatisfied with their government, and the hereditary succession of men they saw as usurpers of rights. The rebellion which broke out in 686 CE, under the reign of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan, was supported by the faction of Muslims. Al-Mukhtar led the rebellion, which was launched from Kufa, in present-day Iraq. It is known that he was rebelling on behalf of Ali's son Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, after Husayn ibn Ali was killed at the Battle of Karbala. Al-Mukhtar was in prison whilst the Battle of Karbala was taking place. After he was out of prison, he found out about ...
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Urdu_Episode_32_HD
Mukhtar Nama - Islamic Movie URDU - Episode 32 of 40
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:58
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Serials on Janabe Mukhtar
http://wn.com/Mukhtar_Nama_Islamic_Movie_URDU_Episode_32_of_40
Medieval Devotional Malayalam Hymn (Salutations to Narayana) - "Hari Nama Keerthanam" (Song of Hari)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:03
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
Sridevi-Bhudevi Samedha Sri Devadirajan Perumal (Sriman Narayana/Maha Vishnu) Seva @ Shangu Chakra Gadha Padmam - My Home Thirumaligai (Sanctum) during Utsavams, Upacharams & Panchaparva Aradhanam 2011 - 2012. This Malayalam Devotional is rendered by Smt. P. Leela.composed by Thunchathu Ezhuthachan (14th Century). The Thirumaligai hosts Sriman Narayana with his Consorts Sridevi-Bhudevi, Sri Mahalakshmi , Sri Yoga Narasimha, Sri Lakshmi Narasimha, Sri Dolai Kannan (Bala Krishna), Sri Aandal, Sri Ram Parivar, Sri Ramanuja , Sri Manavalamamuni & Sri Satyanarayanaswamy. All Alangarams, Daily rituals (Thenkalai Nithyanusandhanam Sampradaya) and Kainkariyams are performed for the Lord including all auspicious events. Panchaparva Seva & Thirumanjanam (Holy Bath) is performed on Ekadesi, Amavasya, Purnima and when Revathi Star is in Ascendence. Vishnu (Sanskrit विष्णु Viṣṇu) is the supreme God in the Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. The Vishnu Sahasranama declares Vishnu as Paramatman (supreme soul) and Parameshwara (supreme God). It describes Vishnu as the All-Pervading essence of all beings, the master of—and beyond—the past, present and future, one who supports, sustains and governs the Universe and originates and develops all elements within. Vishnu governs the aspect of preservation and sustenance of the universe, so he is called "Preserver of the universe". In almost all Hindu denominations, Vishnu is either worshipped directly or in the form of his ten Avatara ...
http://wn.com/Medieval_Devotional_Malayalam_Hymn_Salutations_to_Narayana_Hari_Nama_Keerthanam_Song_of_Hari
Ita Titipei
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
www.808chuukesesongs.com Micronesian Love Song, Smooth Chuukese Love Song Micronesian Chuukese Ballad Aptul and Liland
http://wn.com/Ita_Titipei
Bangla Movie Kabin Nama Part 1 by Shakib Khan and Apu Biswas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:49
- Updated: 29 Aug 2011
www.shopnervubon.com Bangla Movie Kanin Nama - Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Sujata, Aruna Biswas, Kabila, Kazi Hayat, Afzal Sarif, Don, Daniraj, Miju Ahmed and many more.
http://wn.com/Bangla_Movie_Kabin_Nama_Part_1_by_Shakib_Khan_and_Apu_Biswas
Kisah Kehidupan Yesus - Bahasa Indonesia / Melayu / Malay Language (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 126:58
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Kisah Kehidupan Yesus (Anak Tuhan). Suatu filem documentari yang diambil daripada Injil Lukas. (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei) Bahasa Indonesia / Bahasa Melayu / Malay Language. Tuhan memberkati anda semua. PEMBERITAHUAN =============== Jika anda ingin menerima salinan DVD filem di atas, sila PM saya (mesej peribadi) atau e-mel dengan butir-butir yang berikut: 1) Nama penerima (Untuk privasi, anda tidak perlu memberi nama sebenar anda) 2) Alamat penerima 3) Tajuk filem Saya akan meminta rakan-rakan kami untuk menghantar percuma kepada anda melalui pos. The Story of the Life and Times of Jesus Christ (Son of God). According to the Gospel of Luke. (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei) Indonesian / Malay Language. God Bless You All. NOTICE ======= If you wish to receive a DVD copy of the above movie, please send me a PM (personal message) or email with the following particulars: 1) Name of recipient (For privacy, you do not have to give your real name) 2) Address of recipient 3) Title of the movie I will request our partners to send you one by post free of charge.
http://wn.com/Kisah_Kehidupan_Yesus_Bahasa_Indonesia_Melayu_Malay_Language_Indonesia,_Malaysia,_Brunei
photo: AP / Sepahnews
27 Nov 2012
WASHINGTON -- The drone wars are here. While President Obama ponders new legal and moral guidelines to govern America's growing use of armed robot aircraft, the world outside the White House is engaged in a revolutionary frenzy of building, arming and flying killer drones ... More than 50 countries operate surveillance drones and, increasingly, are fitting them with weapons. The U.S ... spy drone was shot down last December ... On Oct ... 988 miles ... ....(size: 8.4Kb)
photo: UN / Jan Golinski
27 Nov 2012
Doha conference is warned that climate models do not yet take account of methane in thawing permafrost. Frozen ground in Siberia. Permafrost covers nearly a quarter of the northern hemisphere. Photograph. Francis Latreille/Corbis. The United Nations sounded a stark warning on the threat to the climate from methane in the thawing permafrost as governments met for the second day of climate change negotiations in Doha, Qatar ... ....(size: 5.3Kb)
photo: AP / Jerome Delay
27 Nov 2012
M23 rebels controlling the eastern city of Goma in the DR Congo have said they are not about to withdraw as demanded by regional leaders. The rebels said on Tuesday there were still in charge of Goma, just hours after General Aronda Nyakairima, the head of the Ugandan military, was quoted by the Reuters news agency as saying that their leader, Sultani Makenga, had told him he would pull out of Goma and Sake ... 276 Source. ... Share ... News ... ;">....(size: 17.7Kb)
photo: UN / Rick Bajornas
28 Nov 2012
By Victor Kotsev. Thursday is shaping up as a big day in Palestinian history. Exactly 65 years after the United Nations resolution partitioning British Mandatory Palestine was adopted (and rejected at the time by the Arabs), the General Assembly will vote on Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas's proposal for non-member state status for Palestine within the borders of the period between the 1948 and the 1967 wars ... Â. Palestinian horizon....(size: 16.8Kb)
photo: AP / SANA
28 Nov 2012
Nov. 28, 2012. A Syrian soldier, right, and citizens gather at an alley that was destroyed by two cars bombs in a suburb of Damascus, Syria.AP. BEIRUT – Twin car bombs ripped through a Damascus suburb Wednesday, killing at least 34 people and leaving dozens critically wounded, according to state media and hospital officials. The state news agency, SANA, said two cars packed with explosives detonated at 6.45 Wednesday morning....(size: 2.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
29 Nov 2012
Twelve local-language regional versions of Pearson MyLab are set to launch in 2013, enabling engaging, dynamic learning and teaching opportunities for students and lecturers ... The new MyLab products will join existing local-language higher education products from Pearson, including MyMathLab in five languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French and German) and e-book offerings in a range of languages....(size: 2.9Kb)
The Times of India
29 Nov 2012
Chief minister Raman Singh on Wednesday announced that the state would observe 'Chhattisgarhi' Rajbhasha diwas—official language day- on November 28 every year ... a status of the state language in the Vidhan sabha....(size: 1.1Kb)
Newstrack India
29 Nov 2012
In three experiments researchers looked at how a man's smile impacted on a woman's perception of him and her body language ... Body language expert Patti Wood said that the findings were troubling but that it could be because women rely on body language more than men for making decisions ... According to her, this will improve your body language and ......(size: 2.6Kb)
Bloomberg
29 Nov 2012
Middle Eastern companies lag behind those in the rest of the world in reporting carbon-dioxide emissions. They mirror governments in a region that for the first time is hosting global talks to limit climate change ... At the same time, about 50 developing nations have submitted to the UN so-called Namas, or “nationally appropriate mitigation actions.” Those set out steps they’re taking to reduce emissions ... ....(size: 7.8Kb)
Detroit Free Press
29 Nov 2012
Dec. 7. "Burn". The acclaimed documentary about life among Detroit firefighters returns ... Not rated. "Chasing Ice" ... Rated PG-13 for language. "The House I Live In" ... Rated PG-13 for sexual situations, language and an intense image ... 14 ... Rated R for sexual content, language and drug use ... Rated PG-13 for violence, language and drug content ... Rated R for sexual content, crude humor, language and drug content ... Rated PG-13 for language and risque content....(size: 4.5Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
29 Nov 2012
Opera should be performed in the language it was originally written in. Language of music ... Yet, in my opinion, this would not have been the case if the opera had been translated from a foreign language. There may have been a time when there was a good reason for presenting all foreign-language opera in English, but that is now past, not least since the invention of surtitles – which are used even with English-language operas ... MORE....(size: 9.2Kb)
North Jersey
29 Nov 2012
In the language arts segment of the NJ ASK, 12 percent of the general education students scored in the advanced proficient range, 72 percent in the proficient range, and 16 percent in the partially proficient range. In grade three, 55.6 percent of the nine special education students scored in the proficient range in language arts and 44.4 percent in the partially proficient range.....(size: 11.4Kb)
The Hollywood Reporter
29 Nov 2012
share ... Based on real events, the official Polish entry in the Best Foreign Language Oscar race is a punchy period thriller with a universal feel-good message ... Austria and France Are Early Frontrunners for Foreign Language Oscar (Analysis). 71 Countries In Race for the Foreign Language Film Oscar ... Considering the Foreign Language Nominees ... 71 Countries In Race for the Foreign Language Film Oscar ... Considering the Foreign Language Nominees ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)
The Times of India
29 Nov 2012
When on a mission to sell, do not try to use fancy language, for that complicates things for you as well as the audience ... His/ her confidence levels are apparent in the usage of words and effective body language ... Keep check of your language when you script the presentation. Backing this thought, Nair says, "Language is the only nonambiguous medium of communication and exchanging ideas, and hence is of paramount significance." ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)
Seattle Times
29 Nov 2012
He was one of five chimpanzees who learned American Sign Language and who were close to each other and to the human researchers at the institute ... The institute in Ellensburg has studied how chimps use language with humans and with each other. Jensvold has a new paper, not on sign language, but chimp's natural gestures, some of which she uses in interacting with the chimps to meet them on their own terms....(size: 5.0Kb)
Detroit Free Press
29 Nov 2012
"Argo" * * * * ... "Argo" is one of the best pictures of the year. Rated R; language, violent images ... Rated R; drug and alcohol abuse, language, sexuality, nudity, an intense action sequence ... Rated PG; sports violence, rude humor, language ... Rated PG-13; intense war violence, scenes of carnage, language ... Rated PG-13; war violence, action, language ... Rated R; language, sexual content, nudity ... Rated PG-13; violent sequences, language, sexuality ... ....(size: 9.4Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
29 Nov 2012
Warning. graphic language below ... Gunn, who is primarily known for his 2010 superhero comedy Super, makes homophobic jibes about the male superheroes on the list and uses graphic language to describe the acts he would like to perform on the female superheroes ... "What’s wrong is the sheer amount of slut-shaming (on only the female characters) and anti-gay language that Gunn directs towards the majority of the male characters ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
Sydney Morning Herald
29 Nov 2012
“Condescension sits right at the heart of the language [of] vocational training versus higher education,” she said....(size: 1.1Kb)
Not to be confused with Nama language (Papuan).
 |
Khoekhoe language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
| Khoekhoe | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Khoekhoegowab | ||||
| Spoken in | Namibia, Botswana and South Africa | |||
| Region | Orange River, Great Namaland | |||
| Ethnicity | Khoikhoi, Nama, Damara, Haiǁom | |||
| Native speakers | 250,000 (2006)[1] plus possibly 50,000 Haiǁom (no date) |
|||
| Language family |
Khoe
|
|||
| Dialects |
Nama–Damara
Haiǁom
ǂĀkhoe
|
|||
| Official status | ||||
| Official language in | National language in Namibia | |||
| Language codes | ||||
| ISO 639-3 | Either: hgm – Haiǁom naq – Nama |
|||
The distribution of the Nama language in Namibia.
|
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|
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The Khoekhoe language /ˈkɔɪkɔɪ/, or Khoekhoegowab, also known by the ethnic term Nàmá and previously the now-discouraged term Hottentot, is the most widespread of those languages of southern Africa which contain many "click" sounds, and have therefore been loosely classified as Khoisan languages. It belongs to the Khoe language family, and is spoken in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa by three ethnic groups, the Nama, Damara, and Haiǁom. It appears that the Damara picked up the language from the Nama in Botswana, and that they migrated to Namibia separately from the Nama. The Haiǁom, who had spoken a Juu language, later shifted to Khoekhoe. The name for Nama speakers, Khoekhoen, is from the Nama word khoe "person", with reduplication and the suffix -n to indicate the plural. Georg Friedrich Wreede was the first European to study the language, after arriving in Cape Town in 1659.
Khoekhoe is a national language in Namibia. In Namibia and South Africa, radio programs are broadcast in it. In Namibia, it is used for teaching up to the university level, as well as in the administration.
Contents |
Dialects and Varieties[link]
It is unwise to be too strict about distinctions between "dialect" and "separate language", especially as many of the varieties seem to have disappeared. Writing in 1938, D.M.Beach in The Phonetics of the Hottentot Languages (see bibliography below) listed 8 subdivisions of the Nama proper, the !Gami-≠nũn or "Bondelswarts" (Warmbad to Kalkfontein, far south of Namibia), the !Xara-kai-kxoen or "Simon Kopper Hottentots" (Rietfontein and Kalahari), the Kxaro-!'oan (Keetmanshoop), the //Hapopen or "Veldskoendraers" (at Koes), the Kai-//xaun or "Rooi Nasie" (at Hoachanas), the //G'o-kain or "Groot Dode" (west of Gibeon and Berseba), the //Xau-/goãn or "Swartboois" (at Franzfontein, formerly Windhoek), and the "Topnaar", consisting of the ≠G'ao-nin (at Zesfontein) and the Mũ-//g'ĩn (east of Walvis Bay), to which he added the "Oorlams", from Cape Colony, regarded by some as not genuine Nama at all, namely the !Aman, the /Hai-/xauan, the Xopesin, the ??Aixa-//aen or "Afrikaaners" and Kai-/xauan. Added to these were the Korana, reportedly (in the 1830s) as numerous as the Nama themselves, and with perhaps in 1938 a "few individuals, very old men and women" able to speak the distinct Korana language, as which the extinct Griqua of the mixed ancestry Griqua people was reportedly almost the same. The language of the Bergdama peoples was sometimes listed as distinct, sometimes regarded as a variety of Nama: these included (1938) 11 traditional groups much scattered, the /Gopanin, the Tsoa-xau-taman or Swakop Dama, the Taũna-taman or Brandberg Dama, reported to have retained their language in 1938, the !'Oe-≠gãn or Erongo Dama, also retaining their language, the !'Omen, the Aope-//'aen, the Ao-kupun, in small groups in the Namib, and still speaking the language in 1938, the Animin, the /Gaio-taman, the Aro-taman, and the Aumin. In a fluid demographic and linguistic situation, local varieties of such languages are likely to be known as a name only. Others suggest, however:
- ǂĀkhoe (itself a dialect cluster)
- Sesfontein Damara (said to be mutually unintelligible)
- Nama – Central Damara
- Haiǁom
- Eini (extinct)
all of which are sometimes counted as distinct languages.
Phonology[link]
Vowels[link]
There are 5 vowel qualities, found as oral /i e a o u/ and nasal /ĩ ã ũ/. /u/ is strongly rounded, /o/ only slightly so. /a/ is the only vowel with notable allophony; it is pronounced [ə] before /i/ or /u/.
Tone[link]
Nama has been described as having three[2] or four[3] tones, /á, ā, à/ or /a̋, á, à, ȁ/, which may occur on each mora (vowels and final nasal stops). The high tone is higher when it occurs on one of the high vowels (/í ú/ or a nasal (/ń ḿ/) than on mid or low vowels (/é á ó/).[2]
The tones combine into a limited number of 'tone melodies' (word tones), which have sandhi forms after other words. The most important melodies, in their citation and main sandhi forms, are as follows:[3]
| Citation | Sandhi | Meaning | Melody |
|---|---|---|---|
| ǃ̃ˀȍm̀s | ǃ̃ˀòm̏s | butting, hitting s.t. | low |
| ǃ̃ˀȍḿs | an udder | low rising | |
| ǃ̃ˀòm̀s | forcing out of a burrow | mid | |
| ǃ̃ˀòm̋s | ǃ̃ˀòm̀s | a pollard | high rising |
| ǃ̃ˀóm̀s | ǃ̃ˀóm̏s | coagulating, prizing out [a thorn] | low falling |
| ǃ̃ˀőḿs | ǃ̃ˀóm̀s | a fist | high falling |
Stress[link]
Within a phrase, lexical words receive greater stress than grammatical words. Within a word, the first syllable receives the most stress. Subsequent syllables receive less and less stress, and are spoken more and more quickly.
Consonants[link]
Nama has 31 consonants: 20 clicks and a simple set of 11 non-clicks.
Non-clicks[link]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Plosive | p ~ β | t ~ ɾ | k | ʔ |
| Affricate | t͡s | k͡x | ||
| Fricative | s | x | h |
Between vowels, /p/ is pronounced [β] and /t/ is pronounced [ɾ].
Beach (1938)[4] reported that the Khoehkoe of the time had a velar lateral ejective affricate, [kʼ], a common realization or allophone of /kxʼ/ in languages with clicks. This sound no longer occurs in Khoekhoe, but remains in its cousin Korana.
 |
This article contains click symbols from the Khoekhoe language. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. |
Clicks[link]
The clicks are doubly articulated consonants. Each click consists of one of four primary articulations or "influxes" and one of five secondary articulation or "effluxes". The combination results in 20 phonemes. The affricated "effluxes" is a contour, a transition from a click to a non-click articulation. Miller (2011), in a comparative study with other languages, interprets their results as follows,[5]
| accompaniment | affricated clicks | 'sharp' clicks | standardized orthography (with "ǃ") |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dental clicks |
lateral clicks |
alveolar clicks |
palatal clicks |
||
| Tenuis | ǀ | ǁ | ǃ | ǂ | ⟨ǃg⟩ |
| Nasal | ᵑǀ | ᵑǁ | ᵑǃ | ᵑǂ | ⟨ǃn⟩ |
| Voiceless aspirated nasal | ᵑ̊ǀʰ | ᵑ̊ǁʰ | ᵑ̊ǃʰ | ᵑ̊ǂʰ | ⟨ǃh⟩ |
| Glottalized nasal | ᵑ̊ǀˀ | ᵑ̊ǁˀ | ᵑ̊ǃˀ | ᵑ̊ǂˀ | ⟨ǃ⟩ |
| Fricative contour | ǀ͡χ | ǁ͡χ | ǃ͡χ | ǂ͡χ | ⟨ǃkh⟩ |
The affrication on the contour clicks is often light, but is 'raspier' than the aspirated clicks, with a sound like the ch of Scottish loch. The glottalized clicks are clearly voiceless, due to the hold before the release, and they are transcribed as simple voiceless clicks in the traditional orthography. The nasal component is not audible in initial position; the voiceless nasal component of the aspirated clicks is also difficult to hear when not between vowels, so to foreign ears it may sound like a longer but less raspy version of the contour clicks.
Phonotactics[link]
Lexical root words consist of two or rarely three moras, in the form CVCV(C), CVV(C), or CVN(C). (The initial consonant is required.) The middle consonant may only be w r m n (w is b~p and r is d~t), while the final consonant (C) may only be p, s, ts. Each mora carries tone, but the second may only be high or medium, for six tone "melodies": HH, MH, LH, HM, MM, LM.
Oral vowel sequences in CVV are /ii ee aa oo uu ai [əi] ae ao au [əu] oa oe ui/. Due to the reduced number of nasal vowels, nasal sequences are /ĩĩ ãã ũũ ãĩ [ə̃ĩ] ãũ [ə̃ũ] õã ũĩ/. Sequences ending in a high vowel (/ii uu ai au ui ĩĩ ũũ ãĩ ãũ ũĩ/) are pronounced more quickly than others (/ee aa oo ae ao oa oe ãã õã/), more like diphthongs and long vowels than like vowel sequences in hiatus. The tones are realized as contours. CVCV words tend to have the same vowel sequences, though there are many exceptions. The two tones are also more distinct.
Vowel-nasal sequences are restricted to non-front vowels: /am an om on um un/. Their tones are also realized as contours.
Grammatical particles have the form CV or CN, with any vowel or tone, where C may be any consonant but a click, and the latter cannot be NN. Suffixes, and a third mora of a root, may have the form CV, CN, V, N, with any vowel or tone; there are also three C-only suffixes, -p 1m.sg, -ts 2m.sg, -s 2/3f.sg.
Orthography[link]
There have been several orthographies used for Nama. A Khoekhoegowab dictionary (Haacke 2000) uses the modern standard.
In standard orthography, the consonants b d g are used for words with one of the lower tone melodies, and p t k for one of the higher tone melodies. W is only used between vowels, though it may be replaced with b or p according to melody. Overt tone marking is otherwise generally omitted.
| Orthography | Transcription | Melody | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| gao | /kȁó/ | low rising | 'rule' |
| kao | /kàő/ | high rising | 'be dumbfounded' |
| ǀhubu (or ǀhuwu) | /ǀʰȕwú/ | low rising | 'to stop hurting' |
| ǀhupu (or ǀhuwu) | /ǀʰùwű/ | high rising | 'to get out of breath' |
Nasal vowels are written with a circumflex. All nasal vowels are long, as in hû /hũ̀ṹ/ 'seven'. Long (double) vowels are otherwise written with a macron, as in ā /ʔàa̋/ 'to cry, weep'; these constitute two moras (two tone-bearing units).
Glottal stop is not written at the beginning of a word, where it is predictable, but is transcribed with a hyphen in compound words, such as gao-aob /kȁòʔòȁp/ 'chief'.
Grammar[link]
Nama has a subject–object–verb word order and has three gender classes: male, female and neuter. Male and female nouns have a singular, dual and plural; while neuter nouns only have singular and plural number.
| singular | dual | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | piris | pirira | piridi | goat |
| Male | arib | arikha | arigu | dog |
| Neuter | khoe-i | n/a | khoen | people |
Khoekhoe distinguishes between inclusive and exclusive 1st person plural pronouns. Sida is the exclusive form for we, it only includes a specific group; as opposed to sada, which is inclusive and refers to all.
Sample text[link]
Following is a sample text in the Khoekhoe language.[6]
- Nē ǀkharib ǀnâ da ge ǁgûn tsî ǀgaen tsî doan tsîn; tsî ǀnopodi tsî ǀkhenadi tsî ǀhuigu tsî ǀamin tsîn; tsî ǀkharagagu ǀaon tsîna ra hō.
- In this region we find springbuck, oryx, and duiker; francolin, guinea fowl, bustard, and ostrich; and also various kinds of snake.
Common words and phrases[link]
- ǃGãi tses - Good day
- ǃGãi ǁhoas - Good morning
- ǃGãi ǃhoes - Good evening
- Matisa - How are you?
- ǃGãise ǃgu re - Goodbye
- ǃHaese mugus - See you soon
Bibliography[link]
- Beach, Douglas M. 1938. The phonetics of the Hottentot language. Cambridge: Heffer.
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1976. A Nama grammar: the noun-phrase. MA thesis. University of Cape Town.
- Haacke, Wilfrid H. G. 1977. "The so-called "personal pronoun" in Nama. In Traill, Anthony, ed., Khoisan linguistic studies 3, 43-62. Communications 6. Johannesburg: African Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand.
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1978. Subject deposition in Nama. MA thesis. University of Essex. Colchester (UK).
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. "Compound noun phrases in Nama". In Derek F. Gowlett, ed., African linguistic contributions (Festschrift Ernst Westphal), 189-194. Pretoria: Via Afrika.
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1992. "Dislocated noun phrases in Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara): further evidence for the sentential hypothesis". Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere, 29, 149-162.
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1995. "Instances of incorporation and compounding in Khoekhoegowab (Nama/Damara)". In Anthony Traill, Rainer Vossen and Marguerite Anne Megan Biesele, eds., The complete linguist: papers in memory of Patrick J. Dickens", 339-361. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- Haacke, Wilfrid, Eliphas Eiseb and Levi Namaseb. 1997. Internal and external relations of Khoekhoe dialects: a preliminary survey". In Wilfrid Haacke & Edward D. Elderkin, eds., Namibian languages: reports and papers, 125-209. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag for the University of Namibia.
- Haacke, Wilfrid. 1999. The tonology of Khoekhoe (Nama/Damara). Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung/Research in Khoisan studies, Bd 16. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
- Haacke, Wilfrid H.G. & Eiseb, Eliphas (2002) A Khoekhoegowab dictionary with an English-Khoekhoegowab index. Windhoek : Gamsberg Macmillan. ISBN 99916-0-401-4
- Hagman, Roy S. 1977. Nama Hottentot grammar. Language science monographs, v 15. Bloomington: Indiana University.
- Hahn, Theophilus. 1870. Die Sprache der Nama, nebst einem Anhang enthaltend Sprachproben aus dem Munde des Volkes. Redigierte Ausgabe eine Dissertation mit einem Anhang über Mythen der Khoi-khoin nebst Übersetzung und Wörterverzeichnis. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
References[link]
- ^ Haiǁom at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
Nama at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009) - ^ a b Hagman (1977)
- ^ a b Haacke & Eiseb (2002)
- ^ D. Beach, 1938. The Phonetics of the Hottentot Language. Cambridge.
- ^ Amanda Miller, 2011. "The Representation of Clicks". In Oostendorp et al. eds., The Blackwell Companion to Phonology.
- ^ Khoekhoegowab: 3ǁî xoaigaub. Gamsberg Macmillan, 2003
External links[link]
- Map of Nàmá language (Khoekhoe) from the LL-Map Project
- Information about Nàmá language from the MultiTree Project
- Nama grammar and a story at Cornell (dead link as of January 2009; cached by the Internet Archive)
- Nama Information from Rosetta Project (dead link as of 17-Oct-2010)
- The Ethnologue report for Nama
- The Ethnologue report for Haiǁʼom
- Nama (KhoeKhoegowab) Phrase Video Lessons
- KhoeSan Active Awareness Group (dead link as of 17-Oct-2010)
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http://wn.com/Khoekhoe_language
Related pages:
http://nl.wn.com/Nama (taal)
http://pt.wn.com/Língua nama
http://de.wn.com/Khoekhoegowab
http://it.wn.com/Lingua nama
http://ru.wn.com/Нама
http://pl.wn.com/Język nama
http://cs.wn.com/Namaština
http://id.wn.com/Bahasa Nama
http://es.wn.com/Idioma Khoekhoe
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoekhoe_language
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
