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1908 Summer Olympics
The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England, United Kingdom. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome. At the time they were the fifth modern Olympic Games. However, the Athens Games of 1906 have since been downgraded by the International Olympic Committee and the 1908 Games are seen as the start of the Fourth Olympiad, in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
Italian authorities were preparing to hold the games when Mount Vesuvius erupted on April 7, 1906, devastating the city of Naples. Funds were diverted to the reconstruction of Naples, so a new venue was required. London was selected, and the games were held in White City alongside the Franco-British Exhibition, at the time the more noteworthy event. Berlin and Milan were other candidates.
The White City Stadium, built in short time for the games, held 68,000 and was considered by some[who?] a technological marvel. The stadium track was three laps to the mile, not the current standard of 400 metres, with a pool for swimming and diving and platforms for wrestling and gymnastics in the middle.
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Balmoral Castle
Balmoral Castle /bælˈmɒrəl/ is a large estate house in Royal Deeside, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is located near the village of Crathie, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) west of Ballater and 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) east of Braemar. Balmoral has been one of the residences of the British Royal Family since 1852, when it was purchased by Queen Victoria and her consort, Prince Albert. It remains the private property of the monarch, and is not part of the Crown Estate.
Soon after the estate was purchased the existing house was found to be too small. It was demolished, and the current Balmoral Castle was completed in 1856. The architect was William Smith of Aberdeen, although his designs were amended by Prince Albert. The castle is an example of Scots Baronial architecture, and is classified by Historic Scotland as a category A listed building.
The Balmoral Estate has been added to by successive members of the Royal Family, and now covers an area of about 20,000 hectares (49,000 acres). It is a working estate, including grouse moors, forestry and farmland, as well as managed herds of deer, Highland cattle and ponies.
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Beirut
Coordinates: 33°53′13″N 35°30′47″E / 33.88694°N 35.51306°E / 33.88694; 35.51306
Beirut (Arabic: بيروت Bayrūt, Greek: Βηρυττός, Latin: Berytus, French: Beyrouth, Hebrew: ביירות Beyrut) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. As there has been no recent population census, the exact population is unknown; estimates in 2007 ranged from slightly less than 1 million to slightly more than 2 million. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, it serves as the country's largest and main seaport. The Beirut metropolitan area consists of the city and its suburbs. The first mention of this metropolis is found in the ancient Egyptian Tell el Amarna letters, dating from the 15th century BC. The city has been inhabited continuously since then.
Beirut is Lebanon's seat of government and plays a central role in the Lebanese economy, with many banks and corporations based in its city centre, Hamra Street, Rue Verdun and Ashrafieh. The city is the focal point of the region's cultural life, renowned for its press, theatres, cultural activities and nightlife. After the destructive Lebanese Civil War, Beirut underwent major reconstruction, and the redesigned historic city centre, marina, pubs and nightlife districts have once again made it a tourist attraction. Beirut was named the top place to visit by The New York Times in 2009, and as one of the ten liveliest cities in the world by Lonely Planet in the same year.
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Belgian Congo
The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge; Dutch:
Belgisch-Kongo (help·info)) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II’s formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
Until the latter part of the 19th century, the Europeans had not yet ventured into the Congo. The rainforest, swamps and accompanying malaria, and other diseases, such as sleeping sickness, made it a difficult environment for European exploration and exploitation. In 1876, King Léopold II of the Belgians organized the International African Association with the cooperation of the leading African explorers and the support of several European governments for the promotion of African exploration and colonization. After Henry Morton Stanley explored the region, a journey that ended in 1878, Leopold courted the explorer and hired him to help establish Leopold’s interests in the region. Léopold II had been keen to acquire a colony for Belgium even before he ascended to the throne in 1865. He was convinced that the acquisition of a colony would bestow international prestige on his relatively young and small home country and that it might provide a steady source of income. Belgium was not greatly interested in its monarch’s dreams of empire-building. Ambitious and stubborn, Léopold II decided to pursue the matter on his own account.
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Biarritz
Coordinates: 43°28′54″N 1°33′22″W / 43.4817°N 1.5561°W / 43.4817; -1.5561
Biarritz (French pronunciation: [bjaʁits]; Gascon Occitan: Biàrritz; Basque: Biarritz IPA: [biarits̻] or Miarritze) is a city which lies on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast, in south-western France. It is a luxurious seaside town and is popular with tourists and surfers.
The town lies in Basque territory, and Basque flags and symbols are prevalent throughout Biarritz.
Biarritz is located in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Aquitaine region. It is adjacent to Bayonne and Anglet and 11 miles (18 kilometres) from the border with Spain. It is in the traditional province of Labourd in the French Basque Country.
Biarritz is a Basque name with locative suffix -itz (cp. Isturitz) attested Bearriz in 1170, Bearids in 1186, Bearritz in 1249.
Biarritz has long made its fortune from the sea: as a whaling settlement from the twelfth century onwards, in the 18th century doctors recommended that the ocean at Biarritz had therapeutic properties, inspiring patients to make pilgrimages to the beach for alleged cures for their ailments.
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Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is the official London residence and office of the British monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focus for the British people at times of national rejoicing and crisis.
Originally known as Buckingham House, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1705 on a site which had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was subsequently acquired by George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte, and known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East front which contains the well-known balcony on which the Royal Family traditionally congregate to greet crowds outside. However, the palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb in World War II; the Queen's Gallery was built on the site and opened to the public in 1962 to exhibit works of art from the Royal Collection.
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Cambridge
The city of Cambridge (
i/ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/ KAYM-brij) is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia, on the River Cam, about 50 miles (80 km) north of London. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, its population was 108,863 (including 22,153 students), and was estimated to be 125,717 in mid-2010. There is archaeological evidence of settlement in the area in bronze age and Roman times, and under Viking rule Cambridge became an important trading centre. The first town charters were granted in the 12th century, although city status was not conferred until 1951.
Cambridge is most widely known as the home of the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209 and consistently ranked one of the top five universities in the world. The university includes the renowned Cavendish Laboratory, King's College Chapel, and the Cambridge University Library. The Cambridge skyline is dominated by the last two buildings, along with the chimney of Addenbrooke's Hospital in the far south of the city and St John's College Chapel tower.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Centenary Square
Centenary Square is a public square on Broad Street in central Birmingham, England, named in 1989 in celebration of the centenary of Birmingham achieving city status in 1889.
The area was purchased in the early 20th century by the council for the creation of a grand civic scheme to include new council offices, mayor's residence, public library and concert hall. The scheme was abandoned after the arrival of World War II with only half of the planned Baskerville House having been built.
The square is a work of art in itself, with paving, railings and lamps designed by artist Tess Jaray. Work on the square cost £3.4 million.
The square was the centrepiece of the millennium celebrations for the city with singer, Cliff Richard lighting a beacon known as The Flame of Hope, which stood between Baskerville House and Birmingham Repertory Theatre. Problems with funding resulted in the flame regularly being turned off, and it was eventually removed.
The Library of Birmingham is currently being built between Baskerville House and Birmingham Repertory Theatre. Mecanoo won the design competition in August 2008, and work began to prepare the land for building work in November 2009 before planning permission was granted. Final planning permission was granted in November/December 2009 and work began in January 2010. A large section of Centenary Square is now therefore shut off to the public whilst building work takes place. The Spirit and Enterprise Fountain has since been removed.
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Church of Scotland
The Church of Scotland, (Scottish Gaelic: Eaglais na h-Alba, Scots: Kirk o Scotland) known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is a Presbyterian church, decisively shaped by the Scottish Reformation.
The Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the beginnings of Christianity in Scotland, but its identity is principally shaped by the Reformation of 1560. Its current pledged membership is about 9% of the Scottish population—though according to the 2001 national census, 42% of the Scottish population claim some form of allegiance to it (see Religion in Scotland).
While the Church of Scotland traces its roots back to the earliest Christians in Scotland, its identity was principally shaped by the Scottish Reformation of 1560. At that point, the church in Scotland broke with Rome, in a process of Protestant reform led, among others, by John Knox. It reformed its doctrines and government, drawing on the principles of John Calvin which Knox had been exposed to while living in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1560, the Scottish Parliament abolished papal jurisdiction and approved Calvin's Confession of Faith, but did not accept many of the principles laid out in Knox's First Book of Discipline, which argued, amongst other things, that all of the assets of the old church should pass to the new. The 1560 Reformation Settlement was not ratified by the crown for some years, and the question of church government also remained unresolved. In 1572 the acts of 1560 were finally approved by the young James VI, but the Concordat of Leith also allowed the crown to appoint bishops with the church's approval. John Knox himself had no clear views on the office of bishop, preferring to see them renamed as 'superintendents'; but in response to the new Concordat a Presbyterian party emerged headed by Andrew Melville, the author of the Second Book of Discipline.
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Damascus
Damascus (Arabic: دِمَشق / ALA-LC: Dimashq; commonly known in Syria as al-Sham (Arabic: الشام / al-Shām), and as the City of Jasmine (Arabic: مدينة الياسمين / Madīnat al-Yāsmīn), is the capital and the second largest city of Syria. Both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major cultural and religious center of the Levant. The city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 (2009 est.).
Located in southwestern Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area of 2.6 million people (2004). Geographically embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea-level, Damascus experiences a semi-arid climate due to the rain shadow effect. The Barada River flows through Damascus.
First settled in the 2nd millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. Damascus saw a political decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. During Ottoman rule, the city decayed completely while maintaining a certain cultural prestige. Today, it is the seat of the central government and all of the government ministries. Damascus was chosen as the 2008 Arab Capital of Culture.
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Dogger Bank incident
Coordinates: 54°43′26″N 2°46′08″E / 54.724°N 2.769°E / 54.724; 2.769
The Dogger Bank incident (also known as the North Sea Incident, the Russian Outrage or the Incident of Hull) occurred on the night of 21/22 October 1904, when the Russian Baltic Fleet mistook some British trawlers at Dogger Bank for an Imperial Japanese Navy force and fired on them. Russian warships also fired on each other in the chaos of the melée. Three British fishermen died and a number were wounded. One sailor and a priest aboard a Russian cruiser caught in the crossfire were also killed. The incident almost led to war between Britain and Russia, but it was diplomatically defused.
The Russian warships involved in the incident were enroute to the Far East, to reinforce their 1st Pacific Squadron stationed at Port Arthur, and later Vladivostok during the Russo-Japanese War. Because of incorrect reports about the presence of Japanese torpedo boats, submarines and minefields in the North Sea, and the general nervousness of the Russian sailors, 48 harmless fishing vessels were attacked by the Russians, thousands of miles away from enemy waters.
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Duma
A Duma (Russian: Ду́ма, Russian pronunciation: [ˈdumə]) is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. Simply it is a form of Russian governmental institution, that was formed during the reign of the last Tsar, Nicholas II. It is also the term for a council to early Russian rulers (Boyar Duma), as well as for city councils in Imperial Russia ('Municipal dumas'), and city and regional legislative bodies in the Russian Federation.
The term comes from the Russian word думать (dumat’) meaning "to think" or "to consider", cognate with the English words "doom" and "deem" which connote a judgment or decision (usually negative). The Boyar Duma was an advisory council to the grand princes and czar of Russia. The Duma was discontinued by Peter the Great, who transferred its functions to the Governing Senate in 1721.
Since the year 1 the municipalities in European, Russia have had institutions like those of the zemstvos. All owners of houses, tax-paying merchants and workmen are enrolled on lists in a descending order according to their assessed wealth. The total valuation is then divided into three equal parts, representing three groups of electors very unequal in number, each of which elects an equal number of delegates to the municipal duma. The executive is in the hands of an elective mayor and an uprava, which consists of several members elected by the duma. Under Alexander III, however, by laws promulgated in 1892 and 1894, the municipal dumas were subordinated to the governors in the same way as the zemstvos. In 1894 municipal institutions, with still more restricted powers, were granted to several towns in Siberia, and in 1895 to some in Caucasia.
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Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States of America, serving from 1789 to 1797, and the dominant military and political leader of the United States from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Washington became the first president, by unanimous choice, and oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types. His leadership style established many forms and rituals of government that have been used since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. Washington is universally regarded as the "Father of his country."
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German Confederation
The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund) was the loose association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries. It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia. Britain approved of it because London felt that there was need for a stable, peaceful power in central Europe that could discourage aggressive moves by France or Russia. According to Lee (1985), most historians have judged the Confederation to be weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to German nationalist aspirations. It collapsed due to the rivalry between Prussia and Austria (known as German dualism), warfare, the 1848 revolution, and the inability of the multiple members to compromise.
In 1848, revolutions by liberals and nationalists were a failed attempt to establish a unified German state. Talks between the German states failed in 1848, and the confederation briefly dissolved but was re-established in 1850.
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German Empire
The German Empire (German: Deutsches Kaiserreich) is the common name given to the state officially named the Deutsches Reich (literally: "German Realm"), designating Germany from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.
The German Empire consisted of 27 constituent territories (most of them ruled by royal families). While the Kingdom of Prussia contained most of the population and most of the territory of the Reich; the Prussian leadership became supplanted by German leaders and Prussia itself played a lesser role. As Dwyer (2005) points out, Prussia's "political and cultural influence had diminished considerably" by the 1890s. Its three largest neighbors were rivals Imperial Russia to the east and France to the west and ally Austria-Hungary to the south.
After 1850, Germany industrialized rapidly, with a foundation in coal, iron (and later steel), chemicals and railways. From a population of 41 million people in 1871, it grew to 68 million in 1913. From a heavily rural nation in 1815, it was now predominantly urban. During its 47 years of existence, the German Empire operated as an industrial, technological and scientific giant, receiving more Nobel Prizes in science than Britain, France, Russia and the United States combined.
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Hobart
Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑrt/) is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as a "Hobartian". The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River. The skyline is dominated by Mount Wellington at 1,271 metres (4,170 ft) high. The city is the financial and administrative heart of Tasmania, also serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations.
Hobart was named Australia's 6th most sustainable city, by the Australian Conservation Foundation in 2010. For economic and social innovation, Hobart was the 11th placed in Australia in 2009, and listed as an innovation influencer city in the Innovation Cities Global Index scoring equal with Reykjavik, Katowice and Casablanca by 2thinknow.
The first settlement began in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804 it was moved to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the Colonial Secretary. The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe. Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, completely destroyed the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in his Voyage of the Beagle:
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Holstein
Holstein (German pronunciation: [ˈhɔlʃtaɪn]) (Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany.
Holstein once existed as the County of Holstein (German: Grafschaft Holstein; 811–1474), the later Duchy of Holstein (German: Herzogtum Holstein; 1474–1866), and was the northernmost territory of the Holy Roman Empire. The history of Holstein is closely intertwined with the history of the Danish Duchy of Schleswig (Danish: Slesvig). The capital of Holstein is Kiel.
Holstein's name comes from the Holcetae, a Saxon tribe mentioned by Adam of Bremen as living on the north bank of the Elbe, to the west of Hamburg. The name means "dwellers in the wood" (Northern Low Saxon: Hol(t)saten; German: Holzsassen).
After the Migration Period of the Early Middle Ages, Holstein was a borderland between Nordalbingia (part of Old Saxony) at the coast of North Sea, the land of the Slavic Wagrians belonging to the Obotrites at the coast of the Baltic Sea and the land of the Danes in Jutland.
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House of Lords
The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster.
The House of Lords is independent from, and complements the work of, the House of Commons – they share responsibility for making laws and checking government action. Bills can be introduced into either the House of Lords or the House of Commons and members of the Lords may also take on roles as Government Ministers.
Unlike the House of Commons, most new members of the House of Lords are appointed. Membership of the House of Lords is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. There are currently 26 Lords Spiritual, who sit in the Lords by virtue of their ecclesiastical role in the established Church of England. The Lords Temporal make up the rest of the membership; of these, the majority are life peers who are appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister, or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission.
Membership was once a right of birth to hereditary peers but, following a series of reforms, only 92 members (as of 1 July 2011 (2011 -07-01)[update]) sitting by virtue of a hereditary peerage remain. The number of members is not fixed; as of 1 April 2012 (2012 -04-01)[update] the House of Lords has 786 members (plus 21 who are on leave of absence or otherwise disqualified from sitting), as against the fixed 650-seat membership of the House of Commons.
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Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem ( /dʒəˈruːsələm/; Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם Yerushaláyim ; Arabic: القُدس al-Quds and/or أورشليم Ûrshalîm) is the capital of Israel, though not internationally recognized as such, and one of the oldest cities in the world. It is located in the Judean Mountains, between the Mediterranean Sea and the northern edge of the Dead Sea. If the area and population of East Jerusalem is included, it is Israel's largest city in both population and area, with a population of 801,000 residents over an area of 125.1 km2 (48.3 sq mi). Jerusalem is also a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
During its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked 52 times, and captured and recaptured 44 times. The oldest part of the city was settled in the 4th millennium BCE. In 1538, walls were built around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four quarters—known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. The Old City became a World Heritage site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Modern Jerusalem has grown far beyond its boundaries.
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Laeken
Laeken (obsolete Dutch spelling, retained in French, pronunciation: [laˈkɛn]) or Laken (Dutch, pronunciation: [ˈlaːkə(n)] (
listen)) is a residential suburb in north-west Brussels in Belgium. It belongs to the municipality of the City of Brussels and is identified by the Belgian postal code : B-1020.
The Royal Castle of Laeken, official home of the Belgian Royal Family is situated here. The castle was built between 1782-1784 by Charles de Wailly. It was partly destroyed by fire in 1890 and rebuilt and extended by Alphonse Balat. The French architect Charles Girault gave it its present outline in 1902. It has been the royal residence since the accession to the throne of King Leopold I in 1831.
The royal castle domain also contains the magnificent greenhouses of Laeken, a set of dome-shaped constructions, accessible to the public only a few days a year. They were designed by Alphonse Balat, with the cooperation of the young Victor Horta.
A little north of the royal castle stand the contrasting Chinese Pavilion and the Japanese Tower. The Chinese Pavilion was commissioned by King Leopold II. The halls are designed in Louis XIV-style and Louis-XVI-style and decorated with Chinese motifs, chinaware and silverware. The Japanese Tower is a pagoda, inspired by a construction Leopold saw at the Paris Exposition of 1900. King Leopold II asked its architect Alexandre Marcel to build him a similar one in Laeken.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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Marlborough House
Coordinates: 51°30′18″N 0°8′9″W / 51.505°N 0.13583°W / 51.505; -0.13583
Marlborough House is a Grade I listed mansion in Westminster, central London, in Pall Mall just east of St James's Palace. It was built for Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, the favourite and confidante of Queen Anne. The Duchess wanted her new house to be "strong, plain and convenient and good". The architect Christopher Wren and his son of the same name designed a brick building with rusticated stone quoins (cornerstones) that was completed in 1711. For over a century it served as the London residence of the Dukes of Marlborough.
The house was taken up by the Crown in 1817. In the 1820s plans were drawn up to demolish Marlborough House and replace it with a terrace of similar dimensions to the two in neighbouring Carlton House Terrace, and this idea even featured on some contemporary maps, including Christopher and John Greenwood's large-scale London map of 1830, but the proposal was not implemented. Marlborough House was primarily used by members of the Royal Family, especially dowager queens and eldest sons of the sovereign. From 1853 to 1861 Prince Albert, the consort of Queen Victoria, arranged for the building to be used by the "National Art Training School", later the Royal College of Art. It was then (1861-1863) substantially enlarged to designs by Sir James Pennethorne, who added a range of rooms on the north side and a deep porch. This was done for the Prince of Wales, later King Edward VII, and his wife the Princess of Wales, Alexandra of Denmark, who made their home the social centre of London, and lived there until his mother died in 1901, when Edward acceded the throne and they moved to nearby Buckingham Palace.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Osborne House
Osborne House is a former royal residence in East Cowes, Isle of Wight, UK. The house was built between 1845 and 1851 for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert as a summer home and rural retreat. Prince Albert designed the house himself in the style of an Italian Renaissance palazzo. The builder was Thomas Cubitt, the London architect and builder whose company built the main façade of Buckingham Palace for the royal couple in 1847. An earlier smaller house on the site was demolished to make way for a new and far larger house.
Queen Victoria died at Osborne House in January 1901. Following her death, the house became surplus to royal requirements and was given to the state with a few rooms retained as a private royal museum dedicated to Queen Victoria. From 1903 until 1921 it was used as a junior officer training college for the Royal Navy known as the Royal Naval College, Osborne. Today it is fully open to the public.
Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert bought Osborne House on the Isle of Wight in October 1845. They were searching for a home away from the stresses of court life. Queen Victoria had spent two holidays on the Isle of Wight as a young girl. The setting of the existing three storey Georgian house appealed to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert; in particular, the views of the Solent reminded Albert of the Bay of Naples in Italy. It soon became obvious that it was too small for their needs. Pulling down the house and building a new residence was deemed to be the appropriate course of action.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian orthography: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was succeeded by the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest empires in world history, surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires: at one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern Europe across Asia and into North America.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean and into North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third largest population of the world at the time, after Qing China and the British Empire. Like all empires, it represented a large disparity in economic, ethnic and religious positions. Its government, ruled by the Emperor, was the last absolute monarchy in Europe at the time of its demise.
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Sandringham House
Sandringham House is a country house on 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England. The house is privately owned by the British Royal Family and is located on the royal Sandringham Estate, which lies within the Norfolk Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
The site has been occupied since the Elizabethan era, and, in 1771, architect Cornish Henley cleared the site to build Sandringham Hall. The hall was modified during the 19th century by Charles Spencer Cowper, a stepson of Lord Palmerston, who added an elaborate porch and conservatory, designed by architect Samuel Sanders Teulon.
In 1862, the hall was purchased by Queen Victoria at the request of the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) as a home for himself and his new bride, Alexandra. However, in 1865, two years after moving in, the prince found the hall's size insufficient for his needs, and he commissioned A. J. Humbert to raze the hall and create a larger building.
The resulting red-brick house was completed in late 1870 in a mix of styles. This section incorporated the galleried entrance hall which is used by the royal family for entertaining and family occasions. A new wing was later added to one end of the house in a more traditional style, incorporating a ball room. It was ahead of its time in other ways, with gas lighting, flushing water closets, and an early form of shower. One part of the house was destroyed in a fire during the preparations for Prince Albert Edward's 50th birthday in 1891, and later rebuilt.
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Thames Embankment
The Thames Embankment is a major feat of 19th century civil engineering designed to reclaim marshy land next to the River Thames in central London. It consists of the Victoria and Chelsea Embankment.
There had been a long history of failed proposals to embank the Thames in central London. Embankments along the Thames were first proposed by Christopher Wren in the 1660s, then in 1824 former soldier and aide to George IV, Sir Frederick Trench suggested an embankment known as 'Trench's Terrace' from Blackfriars to Charing Cross. Trench brought a bill to Parliament which was blocked by river interests. In the 1830s, the painter John Martin promoted an embankment to contain an intercepting sewer. In January 1842 the City Corporation adopted a plan designed by James Walker but the plan fell foul of government infighting. The government itself built the Chelsea Embankment in 1854 from Chelsea Hospital to Millbank.
Started in 1862, the present embankment on the northern side of the river was primarily designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette. It incorporates the main low level interceptor sewer from west London, and an underground railway over which a wide road and riverside walkway were also constructed, as well as a retaining wall along the north side of the River Thames. In total, Bazalgette's scheme reclaimed 22 acres (89,000 m2) of land from the river.
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Tower Bridge
Coordinates: 51°30′20″N 0°04′32″W / 51.50556°N 0.07556°W / 51.50556; -0.07556
Tower Bridge (built 1886–1894) is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, from which it takes its name. It's also very fitting of the name as the bridge itself has two towers. It has become an iconic symbol of London.
The bridge consists of two towers tied together at the upper level by means of two horizontal walkways, designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended sections of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. The vertical component of the forces in the suspended sections and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. The bridge's present colour scheme dates from 1977, when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen Elizabeth II's silver jubilee. Originally it was painted a mid greenish-blue colour.
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Trinity House
Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°04′37″W / 51.51°N 0.077°W / 51.51; -0.077
The Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond is the official General Lighthouse Authority for England, Wales and other British territorial waters (with the exception of Scotland, the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland). It is responsible for the provision and maintenance of navigational aids such as lighthouses, lightvessels, buoys and maritime radio/satellite communication systems. Trinity House is also the official deep sea pilotage authority providing expert navigators for ships trading in Northern European waters. It is a non-departmental public body.
The Master of the Corporation (now an honorary title) is the Princess Royal. Previous Masters of Trinity House have included the diarist Samuel Pepys and the Duke of Wellington, and Admiral William Penn (father of William Penn, founder of Pennsylvania). Other prominent individuals in Britain, often connected with commercial shipping or the Admiralty, have been associated with Trinity House, including Winston Churchill, who gained his status as an Elder Brother of Trinity House as a result of his position as First Lord of the Admiralty before and during World War I.[citation needed] Often, especially on naval-related forays during the Second World War, he was seen in Trinity House cap or uniform. Winston Churchill also had a Trinity House vessel (THV) named after him, the THV Winston Churchill.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Vancouver
Vancouver (/vænˈkuːvər/) is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. The 2011 census recorded more than 603,000 people in the city, making it the eighth largest among Canadian cities. The metropolitan area, with more than 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada. With 5,249 people per square kilometre (13,590 per sq mile), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated Canadian municipality among those with 5,000 residents or more. Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, with 52% for whom English is not their first language.
The original settlement, named Gastown, grew around the Hastings Mill logging sawmill and a nearby tavern, both established in 1867. Enlarging to become the townsite of Granville, with the announcement that the railhead would reach the site it was renamed "Vancouver" and incorporated as a city in 1886. By 1887, the transcontinental railway was extended to the city to take advantage of its large natural seaport, which soon became a vital link in a trade route between the Orient, Eastern Canada, and London. As of 2009, Port Metro Vancouver is the busiest and largest port in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, making tourism its second-largest industry. Major film production studios in Vancouver and Burnaby have turned Metro Vancouver into the third-largest film production centre in North America after Los Angeles and New York City, earning it the film industry nickname, Hollywood North.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
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Agnes Keyser
Agnes Keyser (1852–1941) was the wealthy daughter of a Stock Exchange member, a humanitarian, courtesan and longtime mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom. Of all of Edward VII's mistresses, with the exception of socialite Jennie Jerome, Keyser was the best accepted within royal circles, to include having the acceptance of Edward VII's wife, Alexandra of Denmark. She remained with Edward VII until his death in 1910.
Keyser, as recorded by author Raymond Lamont-Brown in his book Edward VII's Last Loves: Alice Keppel and Agnes Keyser, held an emotional bond with Edward VII that others did not, due to her being unmarried herself, and preferring a more private affair to that of a public one.
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Albert I of Belgium
Albert I (April 8, 1875 – February 17, 1934) reigned as the King of Belgium from 1909 through 1934. This was a crucial period in the History of Belgium since it included the period of World War I (1914 - 1918) when 99 percent of Belgium was overrun, occupied, and ruled by the German Empire. Other crucial events included the adoption of the Treaty of Versailles, the ruling of the Belgian Congo as an overseas possession of the Kingdom of Belgium, the reconstruction of Belgium following the war, and the first five years of the Great Depression (1929 - 1934). King Albert was killed in a mountaineering accident in eastern Belgium in 1934, at the age of just 58, and he was succeded by his son Leopold.
Born Albert Léopold Clément Marie Meinrad (in German Albrecht Leopold Clemens Marie Meinrad) in Brussels, he was the fifth child and second son of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and his wife, Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Prince Philippe was the third (second surviving) son of Leopold I, the first King of the Belgians, and his wife, Marie-Louise of France, and the younger brother of King Leopold II of Belgium. Princess Marie was a relative of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, and a member of the non-reigning, Catholic branch of the Hohenzollern family. Albert grew up in the Palace of Flanders, initially as fourth in the line of succession to the Belgian throne. When, however, the only legitimate son of his uncle, Leopold II, died as a child, and Albert's older brother, Prince Baudouin of Belgium, who had been subsequently prepared for the throne, also died young, Albert, at the age of 16, unexpectedly became second in line (after his father) to the Belgian Crown.
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Alexandra of Denmark
Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was the wife of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions. As such, she was queen consort and Empress of India from 1901 to 1910.
Her family had been relatively obscure until her father, Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, was chosen with the consent of the great powers to succeed his distant cousin, Frederick VII, to the Danish throne. At the age of sixteen, she was chosen as the future wife of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir apparent of Queen Victoria. They married eighteen months later in 1863, the same year her father became Christian IX of Denmark and her brother, George, was appointed King of Greece. She was Princess of Wales from 1863 to 1901, the longest anyone has ever held that title, and became generally popular; her style of dress and bearing were copied by fashion-conscious women. Although largely excluded from wielding any political power, she unsuccessfully attempted to sway the opinion of British ministers and her husband's family to favour Greek and Danish interests. Her public duties were restricted to uncontroversial involvement in charitable work.
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Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (Old English: Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel"; 849 – 26 October 899) was King of Wessex from 871 to 899.
Alfred successfully defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, and by his death had become the dominant ruler in England. He is the only English monarch to be accorded the epithet "the Great". Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". Details of his life are described in a work by the 10th century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser. Alfred was a learned and merciful man who encouraged education and improved his kingdom's legal system and military structure.
Alfred was born in the village of Wanating, now Wantage, Oxfordshire. He was the youngest son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex, by his first wife, Osburh.
In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who "anointed him as king". Victorian writers interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his ultimate succession to the throne of Wessex. However, his succession could not have been foreseen at the time, as Alfred had three living elder brothers. A letter of Leo IV shows that Alfred was made a "consul"; a misinterpretation of this investiture, deliberate or accidental, could explain later confusion. It may also be based on Alfred's later having accompanied his father on a pilgrimage to Rome where he spent some time at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Franks, around 854–855.
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Alice Keppel
Alice Frederica Keppel, née Edmonstone (29 April 1868 – 11 September 1947) was a British society hostess and a long-time mistress of King Edward VII.
Both she and her husband, The Honourable George Keppel, came from aristocratic backgrounds, but were almost penniless, and they both agreed that she must cultivate rich lovers to maintain their upper-class lifestyle. Alice performed this role with a charm and discretion that much impressed London society and soon brought her to the attention of the future king, whose mistress she remained till his death, lightening the dark moods of his later years. The Queen even allowed her to visit him as he was dying. But his death instantly reduced her social status, and she thought it more dignified to live abroad.
Her daughter was the writer Violet Trefusis. Alice's great-granddaughter is Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, second wife of Charles, Prince of Wales.
Alice Frederica Keppel (known to her family as "Freddie") was born at Strathblane, Scotland to Sir William Edmonstone, 4th Baronet, and Mary Elizabeth Edmonstone, née Parsons, of Woolwich Dockyard, the scion of a distinguished family. Her father was the 4th Baronet Edmonstone and a retired Admiral in the Royal Navy; her grandfather had been Governor of the Ionian Islands. Alice grew up in Scotland, at Duntreath Castle, Loch Lomond. Duntreath Castle was the family home since the 14th century. In aristocratic tradition, her forebears acquired the castle and its land as a royal gift. It was a wedding present, in the 14th century, of King Robert III of Scotland to his daughter Mary. Alice was the youngest of one brother and seven sisters. Uninterested in her sisters due to the huge age differences between her and them, she was inseparable from her brother, "beloved Archie."
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Amlaíb of Scotland
Amlaíb mac Ilduilb (Modern Gaelic: Amhlaigh), known in English as simply Amlaíb (died 977) was King of Scots during the 970s. He was the son of King Indulf (Idulb mac Causantín) and brother of King Cuilén (Cuilén mac Iduilb). His name is of Old Norse or Norse-Gael origin, in this case the Old Irish equivalent of Olaf.
He is known from the notice of his death in the Annals of Tigernach, which reports that he was killed by Kenneth II of Scotland (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim). His name is not included in any extant king lists, nor is he named as a king in 973 when Kenneth II met with King Edgar the Peaceable at Chester, so that the length of his reign is unknown.
Alex Woolf asserts that the Norse origin of the name Amlaíb "...strongly suggests that his maternal kind may have been from a Scandinavian background and they are likely to have been a branch of the Uí Ímair... ...He may well be the grandson of Amlaíb Cúaran, or his cousin Amlaíb son of Gothfrith".
For primary sources see also External links below.
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Antonia Fraser
Dame Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser, DBE (born 27 August 1932), née Pakenham, is an Anglo-Irish author of history, novels, biographies and detective fiction, best known as Lady Antonia Fraser. She is the widow of Harold Pinter (1930–2008), the 2005 Nobel Laureate in Literature, and, prior to her husband's death, was also known as Antonia Pinter.
Fraser is the daughter of Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford (1905–2001), and his wife, Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, née Elizabeth Harman (1906–2002). As the daughter of an Earl, she is accorded the honorific courtesy title "Lady" and thus customarily addressed formally as "Lady Antonia".
As a teenager, she and her siblings converted to Catholicism, following the conversions of their parents. Her "maternal grandparents were Unitarians – a non-conformist faith with a strong emphasis on social reform ...". In response to criticism of her writing about Oliver Cromwell, she has said, "I have no Catholic blood". Before his own conversion in his thirties following a nervous breakdown in the Army, as she explains, "My father was Protestant Church of Ireland, and my mother was Unitarian up to the age of 20 when she abandoned it." She was educated at St Mary's School, Ascot and Dragon School, Oxford and Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford; the last was also her mother's alma mater.
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Arthur Sullivan
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer of Irish and Italian ancestry. He is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including such enduring works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. Sullivan composed 23 operas, 13 major orchestral works, eight choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous hymns and other church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces. The best known of his hymns and songs include "Onward Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord".
The son of a military bandmaster, Sullivan composed his first anthem at age eight. He was selected as soloist in the boys' choir of the Chapel Royal. The Reverend Thomas Helmore, the choirmaster, encouraged Sullivan and arranged for the publication and performance of his early compositions. In 1856, the Royal Academy of Music awarded the first Mendelssohn Scholarship to the 14-year-old Sullivan, allowing him to study first at the Academy and then in Germany, at the Leipzig Conservatoire. His graduation piece was a suite of incidental music to Shakespeare's The Tempest. When it was performed in London in 1862, it was an immediate sensation. Sullivan began his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour ballads and other light pieces. Among his best received early pieces were a ballet, L'Île Enchantée (1864), and his Irish Symphony, Cello Concerto and Overture in C (In Memoriam) (all in 1866). From 1861 to 1872, he supplemented his income by working as a church organist and as a music teacher.
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Benjamin Disraeli
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British Prime Minister, parliamentarian, Conservative statesman and literary figure. He served in government for three decades, twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. Although his father had him baptised to Anglicanism at age 12, he was nonetheless Britain's first and thus far only Prime Minister who was born into a Jewish family—originally from Portugal. He played an instrumental role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party after the Corn Laws schism of 1846.
Although he was a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1844, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained. Not until the 1860s would Derby and Disraeli be on easy terms, and the latter's succession of the former assured. From 1852 onwards, Disraeli's career would also be marked by his often intense rivalry with William Ewart Gladstone, who eventually rose to become leader of the Liberal Party. In this feud, Disraeli was aided by his warm friendship with Queen Victoria, who came to detest Gladstone during the latter's first premiership in the 1870s. In 1876 Disraeli was raised to the peerage as the Earl of Beaconsfield, capping nearly four decades in the House of Commons.
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Carlos I of Portugal
Carlos (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈkaɾɫuʃ] the Diplomat (also known as the Martyr; Portuguese: o Diplomata and o Martirizado; 28 September 1863 – 1 February 1908) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves. He was the first Portuguese king to die a violent death since Sebastian of Portugal (1578). This occurred in 1908, when D. Carlos was murdered in Lisbon as he travelled in an open carriage with the royal family.
Carlos was born in Lisbon, Portugal, the son of King Luís and Queen Maria Pia of Savoy, daughter of Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy. He had a brother, Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto. He was baptised with the names Carlos Fernando Luís Maria Víctor Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis José Simão.
His paternal first cousins included Frederick Augustus III of Saxony, Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony, Prince Wilhelm of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Ferdinand I of Romania.
His maternal first cousins included Napoléon Victor Bonaparte, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta, Vittorio Emanuele, Count of Turin, Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Umberto, Count of Salemi.
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Charles Blondin
Jean François Gravelet-Blondin (24 February 1824 – 22 February 1897) was a French tightrope walker and acrobat.
Blondin was born on 24 February 1824 at St Omer, Pas-de-Calais, France. His real name was Jean-François Gravelet, and he was known also by the names Charles Blondin, Jean-François Blondin, Chevelier Blondin, or more simply "The Great Blondin". When five years old, he was sent to the École de Gymnase at Lyon and, after six months training as an acrobat, made his first public appearance as "The Little Wonder". His superior skill and grace, as well as the originality of the settings of his acts, made him a popular favourite.
Blondin went to the United States in 1855. He was engaged by William Niblo to perform with the Ravel troupe in New York City and was subsequently part proprietor of a circus. He especially owed his celebrity and fortune to his idea of crossing the gorge below Niagara Falls on a tightrope, 1100 feet (335 m) long, 3¼ inches in diameter, 160 feet (50 m) above the water. This he accomplished, first on 30 June 1859, a number of times, always with different theatric variations: blindfolded, in a sack, trundling a wheelbarrow, on stilts, carrying a man (his manager, Harry Colcord) on his back, sitting down midway while he cooked and ate an omelet and standing on a chair with only one chair leg on the rope.
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Charles I of England
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. Charles engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England, attempting to obtain royal revenue whilst Parliament sought to curb his Royal prerogative which Charles believed was divinely ordained. Many of his English subjects opposed his actions, in particular his interference in the English and Scottish churches and the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, because they saw them as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch.
Charles's reign was also characterised by religious conflicts. His failure to successfully aid Protestant forces during the Thirty Years' War, coupled with the fact that he married a Roman Catholic princess, generated deep mistrust concerning the king's dogma. Charles further allied himself with controversial ecclesiastic figures, such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles's subjects felt this brought the Church of England too close to the Roman Catholic Church. Charles's later attempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments and helped precipitate his own downfall.
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Charles Kingsley
Charles Kingsley (12 June 1819 – 23 January 1875) was an English priest of the Church of England, university professor, historian and novelist, particularly associated with the West Country and northeast Hampshire.
Kingsley was born in Holne, Devon, the second son of the Reverend Charles Kingsley and his wife Mary. His brother, Henry Kingsley, also became a novelist. He spent his childhood in Clovelly, Devon and Barnack, Northamptonshire and was educated at Helston Grammar School before studying at King's College London, and the University of Cambridge. Charles entered Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1838, and graduated in 1842. He chose to pursue a ministry in the church. From 1844, he was rector of Eversley in Hampshire, and in 1860, he was appointed Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge.
In 1869 Kingsley resigned his professorship and, from 1870 to 1873, was a canon of Chester Cathedral. While in Chester he founded the Chester Society for Natural Science, Literature and Art, which played an important part in the establishment of the Grosvenor Museum. In 1872 he accepted the Presidency of the Birmingham and Midland Institute and became its 19th President. Kingsley died in 1875 and was buried in St Mary's Churchyard in Eversley.
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Christopher Hibbert
Christopher Hibbert MC FRSL FRGS (5 March 1924 – 21 December 2008), born Arthur Raymond Hibbert, was an English writer, historian and biographer. He has been called "a pearl of biographers" (New Statesman) and "probably the most widely-read popular historian of our time and undoubtedly one of the most prolific" (The Times). Hibbert was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the author of many books, including 'The Story of England','Disraeli, Edward VII, George IV, The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici, and Cavaliers and Roundheads.
In 1924 Arthur Raymond Hibbert was born in Enderby, Leicestershire, the son of Canon H. V. Hibbert (died 1980) and his wife Maude, and was educated at Radley College, before he went up to Oriel College at the University of Oxford. He was awarded the degrees of B.A. and later MA. He left Oriel College to join the Army, where a sergeant major referred to Hibbert as Christopher Robin based upon his youthful looks. The name "Christopher" subsequently stuck. Hibbert served as an infantry officer in the London Irish Rifles regiment in Italy during World War II, reaching the rank of captain. He was wounded twice and awarded the Military Cross in 1945. Hibbert became the personal assistant to General Alan Duff. From 1945 to 1959 he was a partner in a firm of land agents and auctioneers, and began his writing career in 1957.
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Cnut the Great
Cnut the Great (Old Norse: Knútr inn ríki;c. 985 or 995 – 12 November 1035), also known as Canute, was a king of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden. Though after the death of his heirs within a decade of his own and the Norman conquest of England in 1066, his legacy was largely lost to history, historian Norman F. Cantor has made the paradoxical statement that he was "the most effective king in Anglo-Saxon history".
Cnut was of Danish and Slavic descent. His father was Sweyn Forkbeard, King of Denmark (which gave Cnut the patronym Sweynsson, Old Norse Sveinsson). Cnut's mother was the daughter of the first duke of the Polans, Mieszko I; her name may have been Świętosława (see: Sigrid Storråda), but the Oxford DNB article on Cnut states that her name is unknown.
As a prince of Denmark, Cnut won the throne of England in 1016 in the wake of centuries of Viking activity in northwestern Europe. His accession to the Danish throne in 1018 brought the crowns of England and Denmark together. Cnut held this power-base together by uniting Danes and Englishmen under cultural bonds of wealth and custom, rather than sheer brutality. After a decade of conflict with opponents in Scandinavia, Cnut claimed the crown of Norway in Trondheim in 1028. The Swedish city Sigtuna was held by Cnut. He had coins struck which called him king there, but there is no narrative record of his occupation.
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Colin Matthew
Henry Colin Gray Matthew (15 January 1941 – 29 October 1999), an historian, was the first editor of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and editor of the diaries of William Ewart Gladstone.
He was born in Inverness and educated at Edinburgh Academy and later at the English public school, Sedbergh, before proceeding to Christ Church in the University of Oxford in 1960 to read modern history. He graduated in 1963 and then moved to work as a teacher in East Africa, where he met his wife Sue Ann Curry (born 1941). They moved to Oxford in 1966, where they married, and Matthew began first an uncompleted diploma in politics and economics, and then a doctorate on the imperial wing of the Liberal Party in the 1890s and 1900s, completed in 1970.
In 1970 he was appointed lecturer in Gladstone studies at Christ Church, a post tied to the assistant editorship of the Gladstone Diaries, then being prepared for publication by M. R. D. Foot. In 1972 Matthew succeeded Foot as sole editor, and completed the project. In 1978 he was elected fellow and tutor in modern history at St Hugh's College, Oxford.
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David I of Scotland
David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim; 1083 x 1085 – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (1113–1124) and later King of the Scots (1124–1153). The youngest son of Máel Coluim III (Malcolm III) and Margaret of Wessex, David spent most of his childhood in Scotland, but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I. There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court.
When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair. Subduing the latter seems to have taken David ten years, a struggle that involved the destruction of Óengus, Mormaer of Moray. David's victory allowed expansion of control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda, to the throne of England. In the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.
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David II of Scotland
David II (Medieval Gaelic: Daibhidh a Briuis, Modern Gaelic: Dàibhidh Bruis; 5 March 1324 – 22 February 1371) was King of Scots from 7 June 1329 until his death.
David II was the elder and only surviving son of Robert I of Scotland and his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh. He was born on 5 March 1324 at Dunfermline Palace, Fife. His mother died in 1327. In accordance with the Treaty of Northampton's terms, David was married on 17 July 1328 to Joan of the Tower, daughter of Edward II of England and Isabella of France, at Berwick-upon-Tweed. They had no issue.
David became King of Scots upon the death of his father on 7 June 1329, aged 5 years, 3 months, and 3 days. David and his Queen were crowned at Scone on 24 November 1331.
During David's minority, Sir Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray was appointed Guardian of Scotland by the Act of Settlement of 1318. After Moray's death, on 20 July 1332, he was replaced by Donald, Earl of Mar, elected by an assembly of the magnates of Scotland at Perth, 2 August 1332. Only ten days later Mar fell at the Battle of Dupplin Moor. Sir Andrew Murray of Bothwell, who was married to Christian (or Christina), the sister of King Robert I, was chosen as the new Guardian. He was taken prisoner by the English at Roxburgh in April 1333 and was thence replaced as Guardian by Archibald Douglas (the Tyneman) who fell at Halidon Hill that July.
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Dighton Probyn
General Sir Dighton MacNaughton Probyn VC, GCB, GCSI, GCVO, ISO (21 January 1833 – 20 June 1924) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Probyn was 24 years old, and a captain in the 2nd Punjab Cavalry, Bengal Army during the Indian Mutiny when the following deeds took place for which he was awarded the VC:
Later Sir Dighton achieved the rank of general. He was a councillor of the Oxford Military College in Cowley and Oxford Oxfordshire from 1876-1896.
He was in later life an ornament of the Victorian age, being Keeper of the Privy Purse, a court sinecure position as well as Secretary to the Prince of Wales and Comptroller of the Household. This was an important position as the Prince and Princess were both profligate in spending and Sir Dighton had a hard job to keep them solvent. Testimony to his success was the fact that, when the Prince acceded at last in 1901, he was in credit at the bank. Probyn continued in this role throughout the King's rule and right up to his death.
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Domnall mac Ailpín
Domnall mac Ailpín (Modern Gaelic: Dòmhnall mac Ailpein, anglicised sometimes as Donald MacAlpin, and known in most modern regnal lists as Donald I); (born 812 died 13 April 862) was king of the Picts from 858 to 862. He followed his brother Kenneth I to the Pictish throne.
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says that Domnall reigned for four years, matching the notices in the Annals of Ulster of his brother's death in February 858 and his own in April 862. The Chronicle notes:
The laws of Áed Find are entirely lost, but it has been assumed that, like the laws attributed to Giric and Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda), these related to the church and in particular to granting the privileges and immunities common elsewhere. The significance of Forteviot as the site of this law-making, along with Kenneth's death there and Constantine's later gathering at nearby Scone, may point to this as being the heartland of the sons of Alpín's support.
The Chronicle of Melrose says of Domnall, "in war he was a vigorous soldier ... he is said to have been assassinated at Scone." No other source reports Domnall's death by violence.
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Duncan I of Scotland
Donnchad mac Crínáin (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain; anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick"; ca. 1001 – 14 August 1040) was king of Scotland (Alba) from 1034 to 1040. He was son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Malcolm II of Scotland (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda).
Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's Macbeth, the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or tánaise as the succession appears to have been uneventful. Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea.
An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name Suthen. Whatever his wife's name may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093, the second Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.
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Edgar the Peaceful
Edgar the Peaceful, or Edgar I (Old English: Ēadgār; c. 7 August 943 – 8 July 975), also called the Peaceable, was a king of England (r. 959–75). Edgar was the younger son of Edmund I of England.
Edgar was the son of Edmund I, grandson of Edward the elder, great-grandson of Alfred the Great, great-great grandson of Ethelwulf of Wessex, great-great-great grandson of Egbert of Wessex and great-great-great-great grandson of Ealhmund of Kent. His cognomen, "The Peaceable", was not necessarily a comment on the deeds of his life, for he was a strong leader, shown by his seizure of the Northumbrian and Mercian kingdoms from his older brother, Eadwig, in 958.[citation needed] A conclave of nobles held Edgar to be king north of the Thames, and Edgar aspired to succeed to the English throne.[citation needed]
Though Edgar was not a particularly peaceable man, his reign was a peaceful one. The Kingdom of England was at its height. Edgar consolidated the political unity achieved by his predecessors. By the end of Edgar's reign, England was sufficiently unified that it was unlikely to regress back to a state of division among rival kingships, as it had to an extent under Eadred's reign.
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Edgar the Ætheling
Edgar (the) Ætheling (also spelt Æþeling, Aetheling, Atheling or Etheling) or Edgar II (c. 1051 – c. 1126) was the last male member of the royal house of Cerdic of Wessex (see House of Wessex family tree). He was proclaimed, but never crowned, King of England in 1066.
Edgar was born in Hungary, where his father Edward the Exile, son of King Edmund II Ironside, had spent most of his life, having been sent into exile after Edmund's death and the conquest of England by the Danish king Cnut in 1016. His mother was Agatha, who was described as a relative of the German Emperor, but whose exact identity is unknown. He was his parents' only son but had two sisters, Margaret and Cristina.
In 1057 the childless king of England, Edmund Ironside's half-brother Edward the Confessor, who had only recently become aware that his nephew was still alive, summoned Edward back to England with his family to take up his place at court as heir to the throne. The returning exile died in uncertain circumstances shortly after his arrival in England. Edgar, at only 6 years old, was left as the only surviving male member of the royal dynasty apart from the king. However, the latter made no recorded effort to entrench his grand-nephew's position as heir to a throne which was being eyed by a range of powerful potential contenders including England's leading aristocrat Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex and the foreign rulers William, Duke of Normandy, Sweyn II Estrithson, King of Denmark and Harald Hardrada, King of Norway.
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Edmund Ironside
Edmund Ironside or Edmund II (Old English: Eadmund II Isen-Healf; c. 988/993 – 30 November 1016) was king of England from 23 April to 18 October 1016 and of Wessex from 23 April to 30 November 1016. His cognomen "Ironside" is not recorded until 1057, but may have been contemporary. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, it was given to him "because of his valour" in resisting the Danish invasion led by Cnut the Great. He fought five battles against the Danes, ending in defeat against Cnut on 18 October at the Battle of Assandun, after which they agreed to divide the kingdom, Edmund taking Wessex and Cnut the rest of the country. Edmund died shortly afterwards on 30 November, and Cnut became the king of all England.
Edmund was a signatory to charters from 993. He was the third of the six sons of King Æthelred the Unready and his first wife, Ælfgifu, who was probably the daughter of Earl Thored of Northumbria. His elder brothers were Æthelstan and Egbert (died c. 1005), and younger ones, Eadred, Eadwig and Edgar. His mother died around 1000, after which his father remarried, this time to Emma of Normandy, who had two sons, Edward the Confessor and Alfred.
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Edward Balliol
Edward Balliol (c. 1283–1367) was a claimant to the Scottish throne (1314–1356). With English help, he briefly ruled the country from 1332 to 1336.
He was the eldest son of John Balliol, erstwhile King of the Scots, and Isabella de Warenne, daughter of John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey and Alice de Lusignan. Alice was daughter of Hugh X de Lusignan and Isabella of Angoulême, widow of John, King of England.
The death of King Robert I weakened Scotland considerably, since his son and successor David II was still a child and the two most able lieutenants, the Black Douglas and Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, both died shortly afterwards.
Taking advantage of this, Edward Balliol, backed by Edward III of England, defeated the Regent, the Earl of Mar, at the Battle of Dupplin Moor in Perthshire. He was crowned at Scone in September 1332, but three months later he was forced to flee half-naked back to England, following a surprise attack by nobles loyal to David II at the Battle of Annan.
On his retreat from Scotland, Balliol sought refuge with the Clifford family, land owners in Westmorland, and stayed in their castles at Appleby, Brougham, Brough, and Pendragon.
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Edward Eden Bradford
Admiral Sir Edward Eden Bradford (1858–1935) was a British naval officer, who commanded the 3rd Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet until May 1916, and wrote Admiral of the Fleet Arthur Knyvet Wilson's biography.
Edward Eden Bradford joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1872, serving on the modern ironclad battleships Hercules, Monarch, and Sultan in the Channel Fleet. He was promoted to Midshipman in 1876, and served aboard the screw-frigate Doris, the screw-corvette Danae and the iron screw-frigate Raleigh. It was during this time that he passed his lieutenant's exam on 14 November 1878.
Bradford was then appointed sub-lieutenant on the survey schooner Sandfly. In October 1880, whilst surveying ashore in the Solomon Islands, the Sandfly's commanding officer, Lieutenant Bower, and five crewmen were murdered by the natives. Bradford took charge of the Sandfly, recovered the bodies of his shipmates, and punished the natives by burning their village. This earned him a special promotion to Lieutenant in December 1880.
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Edward I of England
Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
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Edward II of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon,[citation needed] was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. He was the sixth Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II. Between the strong reigns of his father Edward I and son Edward III, the reign of Edward II was considered by some to be disastrous for England, marked by alleged incompetence, political squabbling and military defeats.
Widely rumoured to have been either homosexual or bisexual, Edward also fathered at least five children by two women. His inability to deny even the most grandiose favours to his male favourites (first a Gascon knight named Piers Gaveston, later a young English lord named Hugh Despenser) led to constant political unrest and his eventual deposition.
Edward I had pacified Gwynedd and some other parts of Wales and the Scottish lowlands, but never exerted a comprehensive conquest. However, the army of Edward II was devastatingly defeated at Bannockburn, freeing Scotland from English control and allowing Scottish forces to raid unchecked throughout the north of England.
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Edward IV of England
Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 until 3 October 1470, and again from 11 April 1471 until his death. He was the first Yorkist King of England. The first half of his rule was marred by the violence associated with the Wars of the Roses, but he overcame the Lancastrian challenge to this throne at Tewkesbury in 1471 to reign in peace until his sudden death. Before becoming king he was 4th Duke of York, 7th Earl of March, 5th Earl of Cambridge and 9th Earl of Ulster. He was also the 65th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Edward of York was born at Rouen in France, the second child of Richard, 3rd Duke of York (who had a strong genealogical claim to the throne of England), and Cecily Neville. He was the eldest of the four sons who survived to adulthood. His younger brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland, died along with his father fighting for the Yorkist cause. The Duke of York's assertion of his claim to the crown in 1460 was the key escalation of the conflict known as the Wars of the Roses. When his father was killed at the Battle of Wakefield, Edward inherited his claim.
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Edward the Confessor
Edward the Confessor, (Old English: Ēadƿeard se Andettere; French: Édouard le Confesseur; 1003–05 to 4 or 5 January 1066), son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy, was one of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England and is usually regarded as the last king of the House of Wessex, ruling from 1042 to 1066.
He has traditionally been seen as unworldly and pious, and his reign as notable for the disintegration of royal power in England and the advance in power of the Godwin family. His biographers, Frank Barlow and Peter Rex, dispute this, picturing him as a successful king, who was energetic, resourceful and sometimes ruthless, but whose reputation has been unfairly tarnished by the Norman conquest shortly after his death. Other historians regard this picture as only partly true, and not at all in the later part of his reign. In the view of Richard Mortimer, the return of the Godwins from exile in 1052 "meant the effective end of his exercise of power". The difference in his level of activity from the earlier part of his reign "implies a withdrawal from affairs".
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Edward the Elder
Edward the Elder (Old English: Ēadweard se Ieldra; c. 874–877 – 17 July 924) was an English king. He became king in 899 upon the death of his father, Alfred the Great. His court was at Winchester, previously the capital of Wessex. He captured the eastern Midlands and East Anglia from the Danes in 917 and became ruler of Mercia in 918 upon the death of Æthelflæd, his sister.
All but two of his charters give his title as "king of the Anglo-Saxons" (Anglorum Saxonum rex). He was the second king of the Anglo-Saxons as this title was created by Alfred. Edward's coinage reads "EADVVEARD REX." The chroniclers record that all England "accepted Edward as lord" in 920. But the fact that York continued to produce its own coinage suggests that Edward's authority was not accepted in Viking-ruled Northumbria. Edward's eponym "the Elder" was first used in Wulfstan's Life of St Æthelwold (tenth century) to distinguish him from the later King Edward the Martyr.
Edward was the second surviving child and elder son born to Alfred the Great and his Mercian queen, Ealhswith. Edward's birth cannot be dated with certainty. His parents married in 868 and his eldest sibling Æthelflæd was born soon afterwards as she was herself married in 883. Edward was probably born rather later, in the 870s, and probably between 874 and 877.
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Edward the Martyr
Edward the Martyr (Old English: Eadweard; c. 962 – 18 March 978) was king of the English from 975 until he was murdered in 978. Edward was the eldest son of King Edgar, but not his father's acknowledged heir. On Edgar's death, the leadership of England was contested, with some supporting Edward's claim to be king and others supporting his much younger half-brother Æthelred the Unready, recognized as a legitimate son of Edgar. Edward was chosen as king and was crowned by his main clerical supporters, the archbishops Dunstan and Oswald of Worcester.
The great nobles of the kingdom, ealdormen Ælfhere and Æthelwine, quarrelled and civil war almost broke out. In the so-called anti-monastic reaction, the nobles took advantage of Edward's weakness to dispossess the Benedictine reformed monasteries of lands and other properties which King Edgar had granted to them.
Edward's short reign was brought to an end by his murder at Corfe Castle in circumstances that are not altogether clear. His body was reburied with great ceremony at Shaftesbury Abbey early in 980. In 1001 Edward's remains were moved to a more prominent place in the abbey, probably with the blessing of his half-brother King Æthelred. Edward was already reckoned a saint by this time.
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Edward V of England
Edward V (2 November 1470 – 29 July 1483?) was King of England from 9 April 1483 until his deposition two months later. His reign was dominated by the influence of his uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who succeeded him as Richard III. Along with his younger brother Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, Edward was one of the Princes in the Tower, who disappeared after being sent (ostensibly for their own safety) to the Tower of London. Responsibility for their deaths is widely attributed to Richard III, but the actual events have remained controversial for centuries.
The mysterious disappearance of a boy claimant to the English throne, possibly at the hands of his uncle, mirrors the presumed death of Arthur, Duke of Brittany in 1203.
Along with Edward VIII, and the disputed Matilda and Jane, Edward V is one of only four English monarchs since the Norman Conquest never to have been crowned. If, as seems likely, he died before his fifteenth birthday, he is the shortest-lived monarch in English history (his great-nephew Edward VI died in his sixteenth year).
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Edward VI of England
Edward VI (12 October 1537 – 6 July 1553) was the King of England and Ireland from 28 January 1547 until his death. He was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine. The son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, Edward was the third monarch of the Tudor dynasty and England's first monarch who was raised as a Protestant. During Edward's reign, the realm was governed by a Regency Council, because he never reached maturity. The Council was first led by his uncle Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, (1547–1549), and then by John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick, from 1551 Duke of Northumberland (1550–1553).
Edward's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that, in 1549, erupted into riot and rebellion. An expensive war with Scotland, at first successful, ended with military withdrawal from there and Boulogne-sur-Mer in exchange for peace. The transformation of the Anglican Church into a recognisably Protestant body also occurred under Edward, who took great interest in religious matters. Although Henry VIII had severed the link between the Church of England and Rome, he never permitted the renunciation of Catholic doctrine or ceremony. It was during Edward's reign that Protestantism was established for the first time in England with reforms that included the abolition of clerical celibacy and the Mass and the imposition of compulsory services in English. The architect of these reforms was Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose Book of Common Prayer has proved lasting.
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Edward VII
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V.
Before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. During the long reign of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite.
The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War. Edward fostered good relations between Great Britain and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his efforts were unable to prevent the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
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Edward VIII
Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936.
Before his accession to the throne, Edward was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay. As a young man, he served in the British Armed Forces during the First World War and undertook several foreign tours on behalf of his father, George V. He was associated with a succession of older, married women but remained unmarried until after his abdication as king.
Edward became king when his father died in early 1936. Only months into his reign, he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to the American socialite Wallis Simpson, who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second. The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage, arguing that the people would never accept a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands as queen. Additionally, such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward's status as head of the Church of England, which opposed the remarriage of divorced people if their former spouses were still alive. Edward knew that the government led by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin would resign if the marriage went ahead, which could have dragged the king into a general election and would ruin his status as a politically neutral constitutional monarch. Rather than end his relationship with Simpson, Edward abdicated. He was succeeded by his younger brother Albert, who chose the regnal name George VI. With a reign of 326 days, Edward was one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in British and Commonwealth history. He was never crowned.
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Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
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Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as Matilda of England or Maude, was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England. Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin, were the only legitimate children of King Henry to survive to adulthood. However, her brother's death in the White Ship disaster in 1120 resulted in Matilda being her father's sole heir.
As a child, Matilda was betrothed to and later married Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, acquiring the title Empress. The couple had no known children and after eleven years of marriage Henry died, leaving Matilda widowed. However, she was then married to Geoffrey, Count of Anjou in a union which her father hoped would produce a male heir and continue the dynasty. She had three sons by Geoffrey of Anjou, the eldest of whom eventually became King Henry II of England. Upon the death of her father in 1135, Matilda was usurped to the throne by her rival and cousin Stephen of Blois, who moved quickly and became crowned King of England whilst Matilda was in Normandy, pregnant with her third child.
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Eric Grove
Eric Grove (born 1948) is a British naval historian and defence analyst who teaches at the University of Salford in Greater Manchester in the United Kingdom.
Grove was born in Bolton, Lancashire in 1948. His father, a medical doctor, got a post in Aberdeen, Scotland and the family moved there in 1960. After attending Aberdeen Grammar School, he took an honours degree in history at the University of Aberdeen in 1970. He also sang counter tenor in the choir of Aberdeen's Anglican cathedral choir. A member of Aberdeen Transport Society, he co-authored his first book, on Scottish buses, while still at school in 1965. Grove took an MA in War Studies at King's College London in 1971 and was appointed that year a civilian lecturer at the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth. During the 1970s he wrote a number of books on tanks and armoured warfare. It was during this period that Grove first co-operated with the author, journalist, broadcaster and founder of AFI Research, Richard M Bennett. In 1980-81 he was the first Dartmouth academic to exchange for a year with the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis.
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Ernest Cassel
Sir Ernest Joseph Cassel, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, PC (3 March 1852 – 21 September 1921) was a German-born British merchant banker and capitalist.
Born in Cologne, Germany, Cassel's family were Jewish. His father Jacob Cassel owned a small bank, but the son Ernest arrived penniless in Liverpool, England in 1869. There he found employment with a firm of grain merchants. With an enormous capacity for hard work and a natural business sense, Cassel was soon in Paris working for a bank. The Franco-Prussian War forced him to move to a position in a London bank, as he was born in Prussia.
He prospered and was soon putting together his own financial deals. His areas of interest were in mining, infrastructure and heavy industry. Turkey was an early area of business ventures, but he soon had large interests in Sweden, the United States, South America, South Africa, and Egypt.
One of the wealthiest men of his day, Cassel was a good friend of King Edward VII, prime minister Herbert Asquith and Winston Churchill. In 1878, he married Annette Mary Maud Maxwell at Westminster. Their only child, Amalia Mary Maud Cassel (1879–1911), married Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple.
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Francis Derwent Wood
Francis Derwent Wood RA (1871–1926) was a sculptor, born in Keswick, Cumberland, in England's Lake District.
Wood studied in Germany and returned to London in 1887 to work under Edouard Lanteri and Sir Thomas Brock; he taught at the Glasgow School of Art from 1897 through 1905 and was professor of sculpture at the Royal College of Art from 1918 through 1923. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1920. He produced a good deal of architectural sculpture typical of the time, including four large roof figures for the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, the British Linen Bank also in Glasgow, and the Britannic House in London for architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. Freestanding sculptures by him may also be seen in various galleries, such as his 1907 Atalanta (Manchester Art Gallery [1], with a bronze cast of it now in Chelsea Embankment Gardens [2]).
When he was too old (at 41) to enlist in the Army at the onset of World War I, Wood volunteered in the hospital wards and his exposure to the gruesome injuries inflicted by the new war's weapons eventually led him to open a special clinic: the Masks for Facial Disfigurement Department, located in the Third London General Hospital, Wandsworth. Instead of the rubber masks used conventionally, Wood constructed masks of thin metal, sculpted to match the portraits of the men in their pre-war normality, as did Mrs. Anna Coleman Ladd, of Pennsylvania, at a similar Paris clinic. Just as had been happening with soldiers operated upon with the recent advances in plastic surgery, Wood's masks provided each with a renewed self-confidence, even self-respect, though they often proved uncomfortable. Face wounds were known to be the most devastating. By hiding the wounds behind the mask, the young men were able to return to relationships with their families and friends.
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Frederick Temple
Frederick Temple (30 November 1821 – 23 December 1902) was an English academic, teacher, churchman and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1896 until his death.
Temple was born in Santa Maura, one of the Ionian Islands, the son of Major Octavius Temple, who was subsequently appointed lieutenant-governor of Sierra Leone. On his retirement, Major Temple settled in Devon and contemplated a farming life for his son Frederick, giving him a practical training to that end.
Temple's grandfather was the Rev. William Johnson Temple, Rector of Mamhead in Devon, who is mentioned several times in Boswell's Life of Johnson.
The boy was sent to Blundell's School, Tiverton, and soon showed signs of being suited to a different career. He retained a warm affection for the school, where he did well both academically and at physical activities, especially walking. The family was not wealthy, and Frederick knew he would have to earn his own living. He took the first step by winning a Blundell scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, before he was seventeen.
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George I of Greece
George I (Greek: Γεώργιος Α΄, Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων, Geórgios Α΄, Vasiléfs ton Ellínon; 24 December 1845 – 18 March 1913) was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Second French Empire and the Russian Empire). He became the first monarch of a new Greek dynasty.
George's reign of almost 50 years (the longest in modern Greek history) was characterized by territorial gains as Greece established its place in pre-World War I Europe. During the First Balkan War, he was assassinated. In sharp contrast to his own reign, the reigns of his successors proved short and insecure.
George was born in Copenhagen, and was the second son of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Louise of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). Although his full name was Prince Christian Wilhelm Ferdinand Adolf Georg of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Greek: Χριστιανός Γουλιέλμος Φερδινάνδος Αδόλφος Γεώργιος), until his accession in Greece, he was known as Prince Vilhelm (William), the namesake of his paternal and maternal grandfathers,Frederick William, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, and Prince William of Hesse.
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George V
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War (1914–1918) until his death in 1936.
George was a grandson of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and the first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany. From 1877 to 1891, he served in the Royal Navy. On the death of Victoria in 1901, George's father became King Edward VII, and George was made Prince of Wales. On his father's death in 1910, he succeeded as King-Emperor of the British Empire. He was the only Emperor of India to be present at his own Delhi Durbar.
As a result of the First World War, other empires in Europe fell while his expanded to its greatest extent. In 1917, he became the first monarch of the House of Windsor, which he renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as a result of anti-German public sentiment. His reign saw the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, and the Indian independence movement, all of which radically changed the political landscape. The Parliament Act 1911 established the supremacy of the elected House of Commons of the United Kingdom over the unelected House of Lords. In 1924 he appointed the first Labour ministry and in 1931 the Statute of Westminster recognised the dominions of the Empire as separate, independent kingdoms within the Commonwealth of Nations. He was plagued by illness throughout much of his later reign and at his death was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward VIII.
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George V of Hanover
George V (George Frederick Alexander Charles Ernest Augustus; German: Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August; 27 May 1819 – 12 June 1878) was King of Hanover, the only child of Ernest Augustus I, and a grandchild of King George III of the United Kingdom. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 2nd Earl of Armagh. He was the fifth and final King of Hanover.
George V, a first cousin of Queen Victoria, inherited the Hanoverian realm (which could not pass to Victoria because of Salic law) through his father, who ascended the throne of Hanover in place of Victoria. George spent his childhood in Berlin and in Britain, losing the sight of one eye following a childhood accident and illness in 1828. He lost the sight in the other eye in 1833. His uncle, William IV, created him a Knight of the Garter on 15 August 1835. His father had hoped that the young prince might marry his cousin Victoria, thus keeping the British and Hanoverian thrones united, but nothing ever came of that desire and on King William's death, Victoria became Queen of the UK and George became 1st in line to the Hanoverian throne and 2nd in line to the British throne (after his father).
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George VI
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India, and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward. He served in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force during World War I, and after the war took on the usual round of public engagements. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923, and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret.
George's elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII on the death of their father in 1936. However, later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry the divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry Mrs Simpson and remain king. Edward abdicated in order to marry, and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor.
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George Washington
George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States of America, serving from 1789 to 1797, and the dominant military and political leader of the United States from 1775 to 1799. He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787. Washington became the first president, by unanimous choice, and oversaw the creation of a strong, well-financed national government that maintained neutrality in the wars raging in Europe, suppressed rebellion, and won acceptance among Americans of all types. His leadership style established many forms and rituals of government that have been used since, such as using a cabinet system and delivering an inaugural address. Washington is universally regarded as the "Father of his country."
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Georgina Battiscombe
Georgina Battiscombe (21 November 1905 – 26 February 2006) was a British biographer, specialising mainly in lives from the Victorian era.
She was born Esther Georgina Harwood, the elder daughter of George Harwood, a former clergyman, Liberal Member of Parliament for his home town of Bolton, Lancashire, master cotton spinner, and an author and barrister. Her family was steeped in politics: her maternal grandfather, Sir Alfred Hopkinson, KC (the first Vice-Chancellor of Manchester University), three uncles, and her stepfather, John Murray (Principal of the University College of the South West of England, Exeter), all became MPs.
She was educated at St Michael's School, Oxford, and at Lady Margaret Hall, and once considered a political career herself. In 1932 she married Christopher Battiscombe (d.1964), a lieutenant-colonel in the Grenadier Guards. For a time they lived in Zanzibar, where Colonel Battiscombe was Secretary to the Sultan. They then lived at Durham before moving to the Henry III Tower at Windsor Castle as Colonel Battiscombe became honorary secretary of the Society of the Friends of St George's from 1958 to 1960.
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Giric
Giric mac Dúngail (Modern Gaelic: Griogair mac Dhunghail, known in English simply as Giric, and nicknamed Mac Rath, ("Son of Fortune");fl. c. 878–889) was a king of the Picts or the king of Alba. The Irish annals record nothing of Giric's reign, nor do Anglo-Saxon writings add anything, and the meagre information which survives is contradictory. Modern historians disagree as to whether Giric was sole king, or ruled jointly with Eochaid, on his ancestry, and if he should be considered a Pictish king, or the first king of Alba.
Although little is now known of Giric, he appears to have been regarded as an important figure in Scotland in the High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages. It is widely believed that the MacGregor Clan is descended from Giric with a royal bloodline descending to their current Chief. Scots chroniclers such as John of Fordun, Andrew of Wyntoun, Hector Boece and the humanist scholar George Buchanan wrote of Giric as "King Gregory the Great" and told how he had conquered half of England and Ireland too.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi] (Joseph Marie Garibaldi at birth, 4 July 1807, Nice, French Empire – 2 June 1882, Caprera, Kingdom of Italy) was an Italian general, politician and patriot. He is considered, with Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II and Giuseppe Mazzini, as one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland".
Garibaldi was a central figure in the Italian Risorgimento, since he personally commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led eventually to the formation of unified Italy. He generally tried to act on behalf of a legitimate power, which does not make him exactly a revolutionary: for example, he was appointed general by the provisional government of Milan in 1848, General of the Roman Republic in 1849 by the Minister of War, and led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf and with the consent of Victor Emmanuel II.
He has been called the "Hero of Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises which he conducted in both South America and Europe. These earned him a considerable reputation both in Italy and abroad. This is also due to the exceptional international media coverage that he received at the time. Many of the greatest intellectuals of his time, such as Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, and George Sand, showered him with their admiration. The United Kingdom and the United States helped him a great deal, offering him financial and military support in difficult circumstances.
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Guardian of Scotland
The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290–1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296–1306. During the many years of minority in Scotland's subsequent history, there were many guardians of Scotland and the post was a significant constitutional feature in the course of development for politics in the country.
In a letter (written in Old French) from the Scots Parliament of 1290, sitting at Birgham, confirming the Treaty of Salisbury, the guardians of Scotland are listed as:
"... Guillaume de Seint Andreu et Robert de Glasgu evesques, Johan Comyn et James Seneschal de Escoce, gardeins du reaume de Escoce..."
English translation: "William [Fraser] of St Andrews and Robert [Wishart] of Glasgow bishops, John Comyn and James the Steward of Scotland, guardians of the kingdom of Scotland".
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Haakon VII of Norway
Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark and Iceland, born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 – 21 September 1957), known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. As one of the few elected monarchs, Haakon quickly won the respect and affection of his people and played a pivotal role in uniting the Norwegian nation in its resistance to the attack and five-year-long Nazi occupation during World War II.
In Norway, Haakon is regarded as one of the greatest Norwegians of the twentieth century and is particularly revered for his courage during the German invasion—he threatened abdication if the government cooperated with the invading Germans—and for his leadership and preservation of Norwegian unity during the Nazi occupation. He died at the age of 85 on 21 September 1957, after having reigned for nearly 52 years.
Originally known as Prince Carl of Denmark (namesake of his maternal grandfather the King of Norway etc.), he was the second son of (the future) King Frederick VIII of Denmark and his wife Louise. Furthermore, he was a younger brother of Christian X, a paternal grandson of King Christian IX of Denmark (during whose reign he was prince of Denmark), and a maternal grandson of King Charles XV of Sweden (who was also king of Norway as Charles IV). He became king of Norway before his father and older brother became kings of Denmark. During his reign, he saw his father, his brother and his nephew, Frederick IX, ascend the throne of Denmark, respectively in 1906, 1912 and 1947.
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Harold Godwinson
Harold Godwinson, or Harold II; Old English: Harold Gōdwines sunu (c. 1022 – 14 October 1066) was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England. Harold reigned from 6 January 1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October of that same year, fighting the Norman invaders led by William the Conqueror during the Norman conquest of England. Harold is the first of only three kings of England to have died in warfare; the other two were Richard I and Richard III.
Harold was a son of Godwin, the powerful Earl of Wessex, and his wife Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, whose supposed brother Ulf Jarl was the son-in-law of Sweyn I and the father of Sweyn II of Denmark.
Godwin and Gytha had several children, notably sons Sweyn, Harold, Tostig, Gyrth and Leofwine and a daughter, Edith of Wessex (1029–1075), who became Queen consort of Edward the Confessor.
As a result of his sister's marriage to the king, Godwin's second son, Harold, became Earl of East Anglia in 1045. Harold accompanied his father into exile in 1051, but helped him to regain his position a year later. When Godwin died in 1053, Harold succeeded him as Earl of Wessex (a province at that time covering the southernmost third of England). This arguably made him the most powerful figure in England after the king.
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Harold Harefoot
Harold Harefoot or Harold I (c. 1015 – 17 March 1040) was King of England from 1035 to 1040. His cognomen "Harefoot" referred to his speed, and the skill of his huntsmanship. He was the son of Cnut the Great, king of England, Denmark, and Norway by Ælfgifu of Northampton. Though there was some scepticism that he was really Cnut's son, this was probably just propaganda by those who opposed his kingship.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that Harold said that he was a son of Cnut the Great and Ælfgifu of Northampton, "although it was not true". Florence of Worcester (12th century) elaborates on the subject. Claiming that Ælfgifu wanted to have a son by the king but was unable to. So she secretly adopted the newborn children of strangers and pretended to have given birth to them. Harold was reportedly the son of a cobbler, while his brother Svein Knutsson was the illegitimate son of a priest. She deceived Cnut into recognizing both children as his own. Harriet O'Brien doubts that Cnud, the shrewd politician who "masterminded the bloodless takeover of Norway" could have been deceived in such a way. She suspects that the tale started out as a popular myth , or intentional defamation. Presumably tailored by Emma of Normandy, the other wife of Cnud and rival to Ælfgifu.
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Harold Nicolson
Sir Harold George Nicolson KCVO CMG (21 November 1886 – 1 May 1968) was an English diplomat, author, diarist and politician. He was the husband of writer Vita Sackville-West, their unusual relationship being described in their son's book, Portrait of a Marriage.
Nicolson was born in Tehran, Persia, the younger son of diplomat Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock. He was educated at Wellington College and Balliol College, Oxford.
In 1909 Nicolson joined HM Diplomatic Service. He served as attaché at Madrid from February to September 1911, and then Third Secretary at Constantinople from January 1912 to October 1914. During the First World War, he served at the Foreign Office in London, during which time he was promoted Second Secretary. As the Foreign Office's most junior employee, it fell to him in August 1914 to hand Britain's revised declaration of war to the German ambassador in London. He served in a junior capacity in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, for which he was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1920 New Year Honours.
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Harthacnut
Harthacnut ("Tough-knot";Danish: Knud III Hardeknud; c.1018 – 8 June 1042) was King of Denmark from 1035 to 1042 and King of England from 1040 to 1042.
He was the son of King Cnut the Great, who ruled Denmark, Norway, and England, and Emma of Normandy. When Cnut died in 1035, Harthacnut struggled to retain his father's possessions. Magnus I took of control of Norway, but Harthacnut succeeded as King of Denmark, and became King of England in 1040 after the death of his half-brother Harold Harefoot.
Harthacnut died suddenly in 1042, and was succeeded by Magnus in Denmark and Edward the Confessor in England. Harthacnut was the last Danish king to rule England.
Harthacnut was born shortly after his parents' marriage in July or August 1017. Cnut had put aside his first wife Ælfgifu of Northampton in order to marry Emma, and according to the Encomium Emmae Reginae, a book she inspired many years later, Cnut agreed that any sons of their marriage should take precedence over the sons of his first marriage. In 1023, Emma and Harthacnut played a leading role in the translation of the body of the martyr St Æelfheah from London to Canterbury, an occasion seen by Harthacnut's biographer, Ian Howard, as recognition of his position as Cnut's heir in England.
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Henry I of England
Henry I (c. 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I of England. He succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100 and defeated his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, to become Duke of Normandy in 1106. A later tradition called him Beauclerc for his scholarly interests— he could read Latin and put his learning to effective use— and Lion of Justice for refinements which he brought about in the royal administration, which he rendered the most effective in Europe, rationalizing the itinerant court, and his public espousal of the Anglo-Saxon legal tradition.
Henry's reign established deep roots for the Anglo-Norman realm, in part through his dynastic (and personal) choice of a Scottish princess who represented the lineage of Edmund Ironside for queen. His succession was hurriedly confirmed while his brother Robert was away on the First Crusade, and the beginning of his reign was occupied by wars with Robert for control of England and Normandy. He successfully reunited the two realms again after their separation on his father's death in 1087. Upon his succession he granted the baronage a Charter of Liberties, which linked his rule of law to the Anglo-Saxon tradition, forming a basis for subsequent limitations to the rights of English kings and presaged Magna Carta, which subjected the king to law.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle, Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as King of England (1154–89), Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany. Henry was the son of Geoffrey of Anjou and Matilda, who was the daughter of King Henry I and took the title of Empress from her first marriage. He became actively involved by the age of 14 in his mother's efforts to claim the throne of England, and was made the Duke of Normandy at 17. He inherited Anjou in 1151 and shortly afterwards married Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to the French king Louis VII had recently been annulled. King Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and he inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Still quite young, he now controlled what would later be called the Angevin empire, stretching across much of western Europe.
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Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272) was the son and successor of John as King of England, reigning for 56 years from 1216 until his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England since the reign of Æthelred the Unready. England prospered during his reign and his greatest monument is Westminster, which he made the seat of his government and where he expanded the abbey as a shrine to Edward the Confessor. He is the first of only five monarchs to reign in the Kingdom of England or its successor states for 50 years or more, the others being Edward III (1327–1377), George III (1760–1820), Victoria (1837–1901) and Elizabeth II (1952–present).
He assumed the crown under the regency of the popular William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, but the England he inherited had undergone several drastic changes in the reign of his father. He spent much of his reign fighting the barons over Magna Carta and the royal rights, and was eventually forced to call the first "parliament" in 1264. He was also unsuccessful on the Continent, where he endeavoured to re-establish English control over Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine.
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Henry IV of England
Henry IV (possibly 3 April 1366 – 20 March 1413) was King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399–1413). He was the ninth King of England of the House of Plantagenet and also asserted his grandfather's claim to the title King of France. He was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire, hence his other name, Henry (of) Bolingbroke ( /ˈbɒlɪŋbrʊk/). His father, John of Gaunt, was the third son of Edward III, and enjoyed a position of considerable influence during much of the reign of Henry's cousin Richard II, whom Henry eventually deposed. Henry's mother was Blanche, heiress to the considerable Lancaster estates, thus he became the first King of England from the Lancaster branch of the Plantagenets, one of the two family branches that were belligerents in the War of the Roses. The other one was the York branch, initiated by his uncle Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (see section "Seniority in line from Edward III" below).
One of Henry's elder sisters, Philippa of Lancaster, married John I of Portugal, and his younger sister Elizabeth was the mother of John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter. His younger half-sister Catherine, the daughter of his father's second wife, Constance of Castile, was queen consort of Castile. He also had four half-siblings by Katherine Swynford, originally his sisters' governess, then his father's longstanding mistress, and later his third wife. These four children were given the surname Beaufort after a castle their father held in Champagne, France.
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Henry the Young King
Henry, known as the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183), was the second of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine but the first to survive infancy. He was officially King of England; Duke of Normandy,Count of Anjou and Maine.
Little is known of the young prince Henry before the events associated with his marriage and coronation. His mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France were Marie of France, Countess of Champagne and Alix of France, Countess Blois. He had one older brother, William IX, Count of Poitiers (d. 1156), and his younger siblings included Matilda, Duchess of Saxony; Richard I of England; Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany; Eleanor, Queen of Castile; Joan, Queen of Sicily; and John of England.
In June 1170, the fifteen-year-old Henry was crowned king during his father's lifetime, a practice originally practised by the French Capetian dynasty and adopted by the English kings Stephen and Henry II. A Latin poem by a court official written to commemorate the coronation hints at the charisma of this young prince. There he is described as a charming youth of striking beauty, tall but well proportioned, broad-shouldered with a long and elegant neck, pale and freckled skin, bright and wide blue eyes, with a thick mop of the reddish-gold hair characteristic of his dynasty.[citation needed]
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Henry V of England
Henry V (16 September 1386 – 31 August 1422) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35 in 1422. He was the second English monarch who came from the House of Lancaster.
After military experience fighting various lords who rebelled against his father, Henry IV, Henry came into political conflict with the increasingly ill king. After his father's death, Henry rapidly assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France. From an unassuming start, his military successes in the Hundred Years' War, culminating with his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt, saw him come close to conquering France. After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes recognized Henry V as regent and heir-apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles' daughter, Catherine of Valois. Following Henry V's sudden death in France of dysentery, he was succeeded by his infant son, who reigned as Henry VI.
Henry features in three plays by William Shakespeare. He is shown as a young scapegrace who redeems himself in battle in the two Henry IV plays and as a decisive leader in Henry V.
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Henry VI of England
Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Contemporaneous accounts described him as peaceful and pious, not suited for the violent dynastic civil wars, known as the Wars of the Roses, which were to commence during his reign. His periods of insanity and his inherent benevolence eventually required his wife, Margaret of Anjou, to assume control of his kingdom, which contributed to his own downfall, the collapse of the House of Lancaster, and the rise of the House of York.
Henry was the only child and heir of King Henry V of England. He was born on 6 December 1421 at Windsor, and succeeded to the throne at the age of nine months as King of England on 31 August 1422 when his father died, thus making him the youngest person ever to succeed to the English throne. Two months later, on 21 October 1422, he became King of France upon his grandfather Charles VI's death in agreement with the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. His mother, Catherine of Valois, was then 20 years old and, as Charles VI's daughter, was viewed with considerable suspicion by English nobles and prevented from having a full role in her son's upbringing.
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Henry VII of England
Henry VII (Welsh: Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor.
Henry won the throne when he defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the Wars of the Roses. He founded a long-lasting dynasty and, after a reign of nearly 24 years, was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII.
Although Henry can be credited with the restoration of political stability in England, and a number of commendable administrative, economic and diplomatic initiatives, the latter part of his reign was characterised by a financial rapacity which stretched the bounds of legality. According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" in large part underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years.
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Hortense Schneider
Hortense Catherine Schneider, La Snédèr, (30 April 1833 – 6 May 1920) was a French soprano, one of the greatest operetta stars of the 19th century, particularly associated with the works of composer Jacques Offenbach.
Born in Bordeaux, where she studied with Schaffner, she made her debut in Agen in 1853, as Inés in La favorite.
She came to Paris and was turned down by the director of the Théâtre des Variétés but was noticed by Jacques Offenbach who invited her to the Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens, where she made her debut in 1855 in Le violoneux. She enjoyed immediate success and created for Offenbach the role of Boulotte in Barbe-bleue and the title roles in La belle Hélène, La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein and La Périchole, all resounding triumphs. She also appeared in London and Saint Petersburg, to great acclaim.
An accomplished singer and actress, she was much admired for her brio and verve on stage, was the toast of the Second Empire and a favourite of royal visitors to Paris. La Snédèr was reputedly one of King Edward VII's mistresses (because of the favours which she liberally granted to the members of the nobility, she was known as Le Passage des Princes.). She retired in 1878, after her marriage, and died in Paris over forty years later at age 87.
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Indulf
Ildulb mac Causantín, anglicised as Indulf, nicknamed An Ionsaighthigh, "the Aggressor" (died 962) was king of Scots from 954. He was the son of Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda); his mother may have been a daughter of Earl Eadulf I of Bernicia, who was an exile in Scotland.
John of Fordun and others supposed that Indulf had been king of Strathclyde in the reign of his predecessor, based on their understanding that the kingdom of Strathclyde had become a part of the kingdom of Alba in the 940s. This, however, is no longer accepted.
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: "In his time oppidum Eden", usually identified as Edinburgh, "was evacuated, and abandoned to the Scots until the present day." This has been read as indicating that Lothian or some large part of it, fell to Indulf at this time. However, the conquest of Lothian is likely to have been a process rather than a single event, and the frontier between the lands of the kings of Alba and Bernicia may have lain south and east of Edinburgh many years before Indulf's reign.
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James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868, English pronunciation: /bjuːˈkænən/) was the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861). He is the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president who remained a lifelong bachelor. His niece Harriet Lane played the role as lady of the house.
Buchanan (often called Buck-anan by his contemporaries) was a popular and experienced state politician and a successful attorney before his presidency. He represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives and later the Senate, and served as Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson. He was also Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. After he turned down an offer for an appointment to the Supreme Court, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Minister to the United Kingdom, in which capacity he helped draft the controversial Ostend Manifesto.
Buchanan was nominated in the 1856 election. Throughout most of Franklin Pierce's term he was stationed in London as a Minister to the Court of St. James's and therefore was not caught up in the crossfire of sectional politics that dominated the country. Buchanan was viewed by many as a compromise between the two sides of the slavery question. His subsequent election victory took place in a three-man race with John C. Frémont and Millard Fillmore. As President, he was often called a "doughface", a Northerner with Southern sympathies, who battled with Stephen A. Douglas for the control of the Democratic Party. Buchanan's efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides, and the Southern states declared their secession in the prologue to the American Civil War. Buchanan's view of record was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also illegal. Buchanan, first and foremost an attorney, was noted for his mantra, "I acknowledge no master but the law."
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James I of Scotland
James I, King of Scots (July 1394 – 21 February 1437), was the youngest of three sons of King Robert III and Annabella Drummond and was probably born in late July 1394 in Dunfermline. By the time he was eight years of age both of his elder brothers were dead—Robert had died in infancy, but David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, died under suspicious circumstances in Falkland Castle while being detained by his uncle, Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany. Although parliament exonerated Albany, fears for James's safety grew during the winter of 1405–6 and plans were made to send him to France. In February 1406, James, in the company of nobles loyal to King Robert III, clashed with those of the Earl of Douglas, forcing the prince to take temporary refuge on the Bass Rock in the Forth estuary. He remained there until mid-March, when he boarded a vessel bound for France, but English pirates captured the ship on 22 March and delivered James to Henry IV of England. A few days later, on 4 April Robert III died, and the 12 year-old uncrowned King of Scots began his 18-year detention.
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James II of England
James II & VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Members of Britain's political and religious elite increasingly opposed him for being pro-French and pro-Catholic, and for his designs on becoming an absolute monarch. When he produced a Catholic heir, the tension exploded, and leading nobles called on William III of Orange (his son-in-law and nephew) to land an invasion army from the Netherlands, which he did. James fled England (and thus was held to have abdicated) in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was replaced by William of Orange who became king as William III, ruling jointly with his wife (James's daughter) Mary II. Thus William and Mary, both Protestants, became joint rulers in 1689. James made one serious attempt to recover his crowns, when he landed in Ireland in 1689 but, after the defeat of the Jacobite forces by the Williamite forces at the Battle of the Boyne in the summer of 1690, James returned to France. He lived out the rest of his life as a pretender at a court sponsored by his cousin and ally, King Louis XIV.
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James II of Scotland
James II (16 October 1430 – 3 August 1460), who reigned as king of Scots from 1437 on, was the son of James I and Joan Beaufort. Nothing is known of his early life, but by his first birthday his only brother, Alexander, who was also older, had died, thus making James the heir apparent and Duke of Rothesay. Curiously enough, James held no other titles while Duke of Rothesay. On 21 February 1437, James I was assassinated and the six-year-old Duke of Rothesay immediately succeeded him as James II.
In 1449, nineteen-year-old James married fifteen-year-old Mary of Guelders, daughter of the Duke of Gelderland. She had numerous royal ancestors such as John II of France and John of Bohemia. She bore him seven children, six of whom survived into adulthood. Subsequently, the relations between Flanders and Scotland became better. James's nickname, Fiery Face, referred to a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face which appears to have been deemed by contemporaries an outward sign of a fiery temper.
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James IV of Scotland
James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was King of Scots from 11 June 1488 to his death. He is generally regarded as the most successful of the Stewart monarchs of Scotland, but his reign ended with the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Flodden Field, where he became the last monarch from not only Scotland, but also from all of Great Britain, to be killed in battle.
James was the son of James III and Margaret of Denmark, probably born in Stirling Castle. As heir apparent to the Scottish crown, he became Duke of Rothesay. In 1474, his father arranged his betrothal to Princess Cecily of England. His father was not a popular king and faced two major rebellions during his reign. The marriage negotiations and dowry payments led to the invasion of Scotland and capture of Berwick in 1482 by his uncle Alexander, Duke of Albany and Richard, Duke of Gloucester while James remained at Stirling. James III's army rebelled against him and the English army reached Edinburgh.
During the second rebellion, the rebels set up the 15-year-old James as their nominal leader. His father was killed fighting rebels at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June 1488, and James took the throne and was crowned at Scone on 24 June. When he realised the indirect role which he had played in the death of his father, he decided to do penance for his sin. From that date on, he wore a heavy iron chain cilice around his waist, next to the skin, each Lent as penance, adding every year extra ounces.
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James V of Scotland
James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scots from 9 September 1513 until his death, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary, succeeded him to the throne when she was just six days old.
The only son of King James IV of Scotland and his queen Margaret Tudor to survive infancy, he was born on 10 April 1512, at Linlithgow Palace, Linlithgowshire and was christened the next day, receiving the titles Duke of Rothesay and Prince and Grand Steward of Scotland. He was just seventeen months old when his father was killed at the Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September 1513.
James was crowned in the Chapel Royal at Stirling Castle on 21 September 1513. During his childhood, the country was ruled by regents, first by his mother, the sister of King Henry VIII of England, until she remarried the following year, and thereafter by John Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany, who was himself next in line to the throne after James and his younger brother, the posthumously-born Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross. Other regents included Robert Maxwell, 5th Lord Maxwell, a member of the Council of Regency who was also bestowed as Regent of Arran, the largest island in the Firth of Clyde. In February 1517, James came from Stirling to Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, but during an outbreak of plague in the city he was moved to the care of Antoine d'Arces at nearby rural Craigmillar Castle. At Stirling, the 10-year-old James had a guard of 20 footmen dressed in his colours, red and yellow. When he went to the park below the Castle, "by secret and in right fair and soft wedder (weather)," six horsemen would scour the countryside two miles roundabout for intruders. Poets wrote his own nursery rhymes, advising him on royal behaviour. William Stewart in his Princelie Majestie counselled against ice-skating:
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James VI and I
James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death. The kingdoms of England and Scotland were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciary, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union.
He became King of Scotland at the age of thirteen months, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, who had been compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the Jacobean era after him, until his death in 1625 at the age of 58. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, only returning to Scotland once in 1617, and styled himself "King of Great Britain and Ireland". In his reign, the Plantation of Ulster and British colonization of the Americas began.
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John Balliol
John Balliol (c. 1249 – 25 November 1314), known to the Scots as Toom Tabard ("empty suit"), was King of Scots from 1292 to 1296.
Little of John's early life is known. He was born between 1248 and 1250 at an unknown location, possibilities include Galloway, Picardy and Barnard Castle, County Durham. He was the son of John, 5th Baron Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle, and his wife Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, Lord of Galloway and granddaughter of David, Earl of Huntingdon. From his mother he inherited significant lands in Galloway and claim to Lordship over the Gallovidians, as well as various English and Scottish estates of the Huntingdon inheritance; from his father he inherited large estates in England and France, such as Hitchin, in Hertfordshire.
In 1284 Balliol had attended a parliament at Scone, which had recognised Margaret, Maid of Norway as heiress to King Alexander III of Scotland. Following the death of Margaret in 1290, John Balliol was a competitor for the Scottish crown in the so called 'Great Cause', as he was a great-great-great-grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of the Robert the Bruce who later became king), being senior in genealogical primogeniture but not in proximity of blood. He submitted his claim to the Scottish auditors with King Edward I of England as the arbitrator, at Berwick-upon-Tweed on 6 June 1291. The Scottish auditors' decision in favour of Balliol was pronounced in the Great Hall of Berwick Castle on 17 November 1292, and he was inaugurated accordingly King of Scotland at Scone, 30 November 1292, St. Andrew's Day.
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John Van der Kiste
John Van der Kiste, author, was born in Wendover, Buckinghamshire, on September 15, 1954, son of Wing Commander Guy Van der Kiste (1912-99). He was educated at Blundell's School, Tiverton, where he briefly formed a rock band Cobweb with fellow pupil Miles Tredinnick, later vocalist with new wave band London and subsequently playwright and scriptwriter, and read Librarianship at Ealing Technical College, where he edited the librarians’ student magazine.
He has worked for several years in public and academic libraries, but is best known as a writer. His first book, Frederick III, appeared in 1981, and since then he has published over twenty historical biographies, as well as books on local history, true crime, rock music, a novel and a play. He is also a contributor to Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Guinness Rockopaedia, and has produced articles on historical, musical and art subjects in national and local journals, including Illustrated London News, Royalty Digest, European Royal History Journal, Best of British, BBC History Magazine, Record Collector, Antique Collector, This England, The Independent, and Gibbons Stamp Monthly. He has reviewed books and records for the press, written CD booklet notes, and between 1991 and 1996 edited the 70s rock fanzine Keep on Rockin.
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Kenneth MacAlpin
Cináed mac Ailpín (Modern Gaelic: Coinneach mac Ailpein), commonly Anglicised as Kenneth MacAlpin and known in most modern regnal lists as Kenneth I (died 13 February 858) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots, earning him the posthumous nickname of An Ferbasach, "The Conqueror". Kenneth's undisputed legacy was to produce a dynasty of rulers who claimed descent from him and was the founder of the dynasty which ruled Scotland for much of the medieval period.
The Kenneth of myth, conqueror of the Picts and founder of the Kingdom of Alba, was born in the centuries after the real Kenneth died. In the reign of Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim), when the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba was compiled, the annalist wrote:
In the 15th century Andrew of Wyntoun's Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland, a history in verse, added little to the account in the Chronicle:
When humanist scholar George Buchanan wrote his history Rerum Scoticarum Historia in the 1570s, a great deal of lurid detail had been added to the story. Buchanan included an account of how Kenneth's father had been murdered by the Picts, and a detailed, and entirely unsupported, account of how Kenneth avenged him and conquered the Picts. Buchanan was not as credulous as many, and he did not include the tale of MacAlpin's treason, a story from Giraldus Cambrensis, who reused a tale of Saxon treachery at a feast in Geoffrey of Monmouth's inventive Historia Regum Britanniae.
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Lady Jane Grey
Lady Jane Grey (married name Lady Jane Dudley; 1536/1537 – 12 February 1554), also known as The Nine Days' Queen, was an English noblewoman and de facto monarch of England from 10 July until 19 July 1553. She was subsequently executed. The great-granddaughter of Henry VII through his younger daughter Mary, Jane was a first cousin once removed of Edward VI.
In May 1553 Jane was married to Lord Guildford Dudley, a younger son of Edward's chief minister, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. When the 15-year-old King lay dying in June 1553, he nominated Jane as successor to the Crown in his will, thus subverting the claims of his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth under the Third Succession Act. During her short reign, Jane resided in the Tower of London. She became a prisoner there when the Privy Council decided to change sides and proclaim Mary as Queen on 19 July 1553.
She was convicted of high treason in November 1553, though her life was initially spared.
Wyatt's rebellion in January and February 1554 against Queen Mary's plans of a Spanish match led to her execution at the age of 16 or 17, and that of her husband.
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Leopold I of Belgium
Leopold I (Leopold George Christian Frederick; German: Leopold Georg Christian Friedrich; Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Saxony; 16 December 1790 – 10 December 1865) was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. His children included Leopold II of Belgium and Empress Carlota of Mexico. He was also an uncle of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.
He was born in Coburg and died in Laeken.
He was the youngest son of Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Countess Augusta Reuss-Ebersdorf, and later became a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after Saxe-Coburg acquired Gotha from Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg in 1836 and yielded Saalfeld to Saxe-Meiningen.
In 1795, as a mere child, Leopold was appointed colonel of the Izmaylovsky Guards Regiment in Russia. Seven years later, he became a major general. When Napoleonic troops occupied the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg in 1806 Leopold went to Paris. Emperor Napoleon I offered him the position of adjutant, but he refused. Instead, he took up a military career in the Imperial Russian Cavalry. He campaigned against Napoléon and distinguished himself at the Battle of Kulm at the head of his cuirassier division. In 1815, at the age of 25, Leopold reached the rank of lieutenant general in the Imperial Russian Army.
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Lillie Langtry
Lillie Langtry (October 13, 1853 – February 12, 1929), usually spelled Lily Langtry when she was in the U.S., born Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, was a British music hall singer and stage actress famous for her many stage productions including She Stoops to Conquer, The Lady of Lyons and As You Like It. She was also known for her relationships with nobility, including the Prince of Wales, Albert Edward, the Earl of Shrewsbury and Prince Louis of Battenberg.
Born as Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, she was the only daughter of Dean of Jersey, Rev. William Corbet Le Breton. He gained an unsavoury reputation because of a number of extramarital affairs and, when his wife finally left him in 1880, he left Jersey.
He had eloped to Gretna Green with Lillie's mother, Emilie Davis (née Martin), who was known for her beauty. In 1842, he married her at Chelsea. One of Lillie's ancestors was Richard le Breton, one of the reputed assassins of Saint Thomas a Becket in 1170. She had six brothers, all but one older than she. Of her six brothers, only William and Clement did not die young due to an accident or disease. Clement, who died in 1927, was her last surviving brother. Proving too much for her French governess, Lillie was educated by her brothers' tutor, becoming unusually well educated for women of the time.
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Lulach
Lulach mac Gille Coemgáin (Modern Gaelic: Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain, known in English simply as Lulach, and nicknamed Tairbith, "the Unfortunate" and Fatuus, "the Simple-minded" or "the Foolish"; before 1033 – 17 March 1058) was King of Scots between 15 August 1057 and 17 March 1058.
He appears to have been a weak king, as his nicknames suggest. He does, however, have the distinction of being the first king of Scotland of whom there are coronation details available. He was crowned in August 1057 at Scone.
Lulach was the son of Gruoch of Scotland, from her first marriage to Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray, and thus the stepson of Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích). Following the death in battle of Macbeth in 1057, the king's followers placed Lulach on the throne. Lulach ruled only for a few months before being assassinated and succeeded by Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada).
Lulach's son Máel Snechtai was Mormaer of Moray, while Óengus of Moray was the son of Lulach's daughter.
He is believed to be buried on Saint Columba's Holy Island of Iona in or around the monastery. The exact position of his grave is unknown.
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Luís I of Portugal
Luís I (Portuguese pronunciation: [luˈiʃ]; English: Louis I, Luís Filipe Maria Fernando Pedro de Alcântara António Miguel Rafael Gabriel Gonzaga Xavier Francisco de Assis João Augusto Júlio Valfando de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha e Bragança, the Popular, Port. o Popular; Lisbon, 31 October 1838 – 19 October 1889 in Cascais) was the King of Portugal and the Algarves between 1861 and 1889. He was the second son of Maria II and Ferdinand II and was created Duke of Porto and Viseu.
Luís was a cultured man who wrote vernacular poetry, but had no distinguishing gifts in the political field into which he was thrust by the deaths of his brothers Pedro V and Fernando in 1861. Luís's domestic reign was a tedious and ineffective series of transitional governments called Rotativism formed at various times by the Progressistas (Liberals) and the Regeneradores (Conservatives – the party generally favoured by King Luís, who secured their long term in office after 1881). Despite a flirtation with the Spanish succession prior to the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, Luís's reign was otherwise one of domestic stagnation as Portugal fell ever further behind the nations of western Europe in terms of public education, political stability, technological progress and economic prosperity. In colonial affairs, Delagoa Bay was confirmed as a Portuguese possession in 1875, whilst Belgian activities in the Congo (1880s) and a British ultimatum denied Portugal a land link between Angola and Mozambique at the peak of the Scramble for Africa.
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Marie of Romania
Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria, previously Princess Marie of Edinburgh; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938) was Queen consort of Romania from 1914 to 1927, as the wife of Ferdinand of Romania.
She was born on 29 October 1875 at Eastwell Park in Kent, the eldest daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Her father was the second-eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Her mother was the only surviving daughter of Alexander II of Russia and Maria Alexandrovna of Hesse. She was baptised in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle on 15 December 1875 and her godparents were the Empress and Tsarevitch of Russia (her maternal grandmother and uncle), the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (her paternal grandaunt), the Princess of Wales (her paternal aunt) and the Duke of Connaught (her paternal uncle). As her father was in the Royal Navy, she spent much of her early childhood abroad, particularly in Malta.
In her youth, Princess Marie was considered a suitable match for marriage to the Royalty of Europe. Her first cousin, Prince George of Wales, later King George V of the United Kingdom, fell in love with her and proposed marriage. Marie's father and George's father approved of the marriage, but their mothers did not. Marie's mother did not like the British Royal family and George's mother did not like Germans so the idea of a marriage was nixed. Before Marie could find someone else suitable to marry, her mother found Ferdinand of Romania. He was the German-raised nephew of the King of Romania (and a distant cousin of the rulers of Prussia).
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Mary I of England
Mary I (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 until her death. Her Protestant political opponents gave her the sobriquet of "Bloody Mary".
She was the only surviving child born of the ill-fated marriage of Henry VIII and his first wife Catherine of Aragon. Her younger half-brother, Edward VI, succeeded Henry in 1547. By 1553, Edward was mortally ill and because of religious differences between them, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession. On his death, their cousin Lady Jane Grey was at first proclaimed queen. Mary assembled a force in East Anglia, and successfully deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, and as a result became queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556.
As the fourth crowned monarch of the Tudor dynasty, Mary is remembered for her restoration of Roman Catholicism after the short-lived Protestant reign of her half-brother. During her five year reign, she had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian Persecutions. Her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed after her death in 1558 by her successor and younger half-sister, Elizabeth I.
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Mary II of England
Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was joint Sovereign of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband and first cousin, William III and II, from 1689 until her death. William and Mary, both Protestants, became king and queen regnant, respectively, following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII. William became sole ruler upon her death in 1694. Popular histories usually refer to their joint reign as that of "William and Mary".
Mary wielded less power than William when he was in England, ceding most of her authority to him, though he heavily relied on her. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler.
Mary, born at St. James's Palace in London on 30 April 1662, was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future James II & VII), and his first wife, Lady Anne Hyde. Mary's uncle was King Charles II, who ruled the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland; her maternal grandfather, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, served for a lengthy period as Charles's chief advisor. She was baptised into the Anglican faith in the Chapel Royal at St. James's, and was named after her ancestress, Mary, Queen of Scots. Her godparents included her father's cousin, Prince Rupert of the Rhine. Although her mother bore eight children, all except Mary and her younger sister Anne died very young, and the King had no legitimate children. Consequently, for most of her childhood, Mary was second in line to the throne after her father.
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Mary of Teck
Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes; 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V.
Although technically a princess of Teck, in the Kingdom of Württemberg, she was born and brought up in the United Kingdom. Her parents were Francis, Duke of Teck, who was of German extraction, and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, a member of the British Royal Family. To her family, she was informally known as "May", after her birth month. At the age of 24 she was betrothed to Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales, but six weeks after the announcement of the engagement he died unexpectedly of pneumonia. The following year she became engaged to Albert Victor's next surviving brother, George, who subsequently became king. Before her husband's accession she was successively Duchess of York, Duchess of Cornwall and Princess of Wales. As his queen consort from 1910, she supported her husband through the First World War, his ill-health and major political changes arising from the aftermath of the war and the rise of socialism and nationalism. After George's death in 1936, her eldest son Edward became King-Emperor, but to her dismay he abdicated the same year in order to marry twice-divorced American socialite Mrs. Wallis Simpson. She supported her second son, Albert, who succeeded to the throne as George VI, until his death in 1952. She died the following year, at the beginning of the reign of her granddaughter, Elizabeth II. Briefly, there were three queens in the country: Mary; her daughter-in-law, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; and Elizabeth II.
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Maud of Wales
Princess Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria; 26 November 1869 – 20 November 1938) was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Haakon VII. She was a member of the British Royal Family as the youngest daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark and granddaughter of Queen Victoria and also of Christian IX of Denmark. She was the younger sister of George V. Queen Maud was the first queen consort of Norway since 1380 who was not also queen consort of Denmark or Sweden.
Princess Maud of Wales was born at Marlborough House, London as the daughter of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of Queen Victoria and at that time heir apparent to the British throne. Her mother was Princess Alexandra of Denmark.
Princess Maud was christened at Marlborough House by John Jackson, Bishop of London, on 24 December 1869. Her godparents were her paternal uncle The Prince Leopold (for whom The Duke of Cambridge stood proxy); Prince Frederick William of Hesse-Kassel (represented by Prince Francis of Teck); Count Gleichen; the Duchess of Nassau (for whom Princess Francis of Teck); the King of Sweden and Norway (who was represented by Baron Hochschild, the Swedish minister); the Princess of Leiningen (represented by Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde); her maternal aunt the Tsarevna of Russia (represented by the Baroness de Brunnow, the Russian ambassador's wife); the Crown Princess of Denmark (represented by Madame de Bülow, the Danish Minister's wife); and the Duchess of Inverness (widow of Queen Victoria's uncle the Duke of Sussex).
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Maurice de Hirsch
Maurice (Zvi) von Hirsch (9 December 1831 – 21 April 1896) was a German-Jewish philanthropist who set up charitable foundations to promote Jewish education and improve the lot of oppressed European Jewry. He was the founder of the Jewish Colonization Association which sponsored large-scale Jewish immigration to Argentina.
Maurice von Hirsch was born on 9 December 1831 in Munich. His grandfather, the first Jewish landowner in Bavaria, was ennobled with the appellation "auf Gereuth" in 1818; his father, who was banker to the Bavarian king, was created a baron in 1869. For generations, the family occupied a prominent position in the German Jewish community. At the age of thirteen, Hirsch was sent to Brussels to school. He went into business at the age of seventeen. In 1855 he became associated with the banking house of Bischoffsheim & Goldschmidt, of Brussels, London and Paris. He amassed a large fortune, which he increased by purchasing and working railway concessions in Austria, Turkey and the Balkans, and by speculations in sugar and copper. He lived in great splendour in Paris, where he owned a town house on rue de l'Elysée and the Château de Beauregard. He also had residences in London and Hungary.
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Napoleon III
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the emperor of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I, christened as Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte. Elected President by popular vote in 1848, he initiated a coup d'état in 1851, before ascending the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of Napoleon I's coronation. He ruled as Emperor of the French until 4 September 1870. He holds the unusual distinction of being both the first titular president and the last monarch of France.
Napoleon III is primarily remembered for an energetic foreign policy which aimed to jettison the limitations imposed on France since 1815 by the Concert of Europe and reassert French influence in Europe and abroad. A brief war against Austria in 1859 largely brought an end to the process of Italian unification. In the Near East, Napoleon III spearheaded allied action against Russia in the Crimean War and restored French presence in the Levant, claiming for France the role of protector of the Maronite Christians. A French garrison in Rome likewise secured the Papal States against annexation by Italy, defeating the Italians at Mentana and winning the support of French Catholics for Napoleon's regime.
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Nellie Clifden
Nellie Clifden was an Irish actress who slept with Edward, Prince of Wales, prior to his marriage to Alexandra of Denmark. They met when Prince Edward was spending ten weeks at Curragh Camp in Ireland with the Grenadier Guards in summer 1861. Prince Edward had previously been a sexual novice, so his fellow officers arranged for Nellie to bed the Prince.
Information about the incident reached the Prince's parents. His father Prince Albert later visited his son at Cambridge, where Prince Edward was a student, and they took a long walk in the rain, presumably to discuss the Prince's personal life. Albert died soon after, and Queen Victoria blamed her husband's death on worry over Prince Edward's philandering. He had been "killed by that dreadful business", she said.
The Prince of Wales's affair with Nellie soon ended. He married Princess Alexandra of Denmark in 1863, but continued to have affairs with other women.
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Nigger
Nigger is a noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a pejorative context to refer to black people (generally people of Sub-Saharan African descent), and also as an informal slang term, among other contexts. It is a common ethnic slur, and suggests that its target is extremely unsophisticated. The word originated as a term used in a neutral context to refer to black people, as a variation of the Spanish/Portuguese noun negro, a descendant of the Latin adjective niger (“color black”).
The variants neger and negar, derive from the Spanish and Portuguese word negro (black), and from the now-pejorative French nègre (nigger). Etymologically, negro, noir, nègre, and nigger ultimately derive from nigrum, the stem of the Latin niger (black) (pronounced [ˈniɡer] which, in every other grammatical case, grammatical gender, and grammatical number besides nominative masculine singular, is nigr-, the r is trilled).
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Octavia Hill
Octavia Hill (3 December 1838 – 13 August 1912) was an English social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a family with a strong commitment to alleviating poverty, she herself grew up in straitened circumstances owing to the financial failure of her father. With no formal schooling, she worked from the age of 14 for the welfare of working people.
Hill was a moving force behind the development of social housing, and her early friendship with John Ruskin enabled her to put her theories into practice with the aid of his initial investment. She believed in self-reliance, and made it a key part of her housing system that she and her assistants knew their tenants personally and encouraged them to better themselves. She was opposed to municipal provision of housing, believing it to be bureaucratic and impersonal.
Another of Hill's concerns was the availability of open spaces for poor people. She campaigned against development on existing suburban woodlands, and helped to save London's Hampstead Heath and Parliament Hill Fields from being built on. She was one of the three founders of the National Trust, set up to preserve places of historic interest or natural beauty for the enjoyment of the British public. She was a founder member of the Charity Organisation Society (now the charity Family Action) which organised charitable grants and pioneered a home-visiting service that formed the basis for modern social work. She was a member of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws in 1905.
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Paul Cambon
Pierre Paul Cambon (20 January 1843, Paris – 1924) was a French diplomat and brother to Jules Martin Cambon.
He was called to the Parisian bar, and became private secretary to Jules Ferry in the préfecture of the Seine. After ten years of administrative work in France as secretary of préfecture, and then as prefect successively of the départements of Aube (1872), Doubs (1876), Nord (1877-1882), he exchanged into the diplomatic service, being nominated French minister plenipotentiary at Tunis, fulfilling two terms as Resident-General.
In 1886 Cambon became French ambassador to Madrid; was transferred to Constantinople in 1890, and in 1898 to London, where he served until 1920. In London, Cambon quickly became an important figure, helping to negotiate the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France in 1904, and serving as the French representative at the London Conference which resolved the Balkan Wars between 1912 and 1913. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, Cambon helped secure British intervention on the French side.
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Paul Kennedy
Paul Michael Kennedy CBE, FBA (born 1945), is a British historian at Yale University specialising in the history of international relations, economic power and grand strategy. He has published prominent books on the history of British foreign policy and Great Power struggles. He emphasizes the changing economic power base that undergirds military and naval strength, noting how declining economic power leads to reduced military and diplomatic weight.
Kennedy was born in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear, and attended St. Cuthbert's Grammar School in Newcastle upon Tyne. Subsequently, he graduated with first class honours in history from Newcastle University and obtained his doctorate from St. Antony's College, Oxford, under the supervision of A. J. P. Taylor and John Andrew Gallagher. He was a member of the History Department at the University of East Anglia between 1970 and 1983. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, a former Visiting Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, and of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany. In 2007-8, Kennedy was the Phillipe Roman Professor of History and International Affairs at the London School of Economics.
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Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Moraireachd na h-Alba) is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were granted.
After the Union, the old Scottish Peers elected 16 representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. The Peerage Act 1963 allowed all Scottish Peers to sit in the House of Lords, a right which was lost along with all other hereditary peers after the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999. Unlike most other peerage titles, many Scottish titles can pass through female lines, and in the case of daughters only, these pass to the eldest daughter rather than go into abeyance.[citation needed]
The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, Lord of Parliament (lord baron). Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) in using of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still actively use of. Scottish Peers had the right to sit in the Parliament of Scotland.
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain (Spanish: Felipe II; Portuguese: Filipe I ; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was the King of Castile, Aragon, and Portugal. He was also king of Sicily and Naples as Philip I. During his marriage to Mary I, he was King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count.
Also known as Philip the Prudent (Felipe el Prudente), he ruled one of the world's largest empires which included territories in every continent then known to Europeans.
Philip was born in Valladolid, the son of Charles I of Spain, and his consort, Isabella of Portugal. During his reign, Spain was the foremost Western European power. Under his rule, Spain reached the height of its influence and power, directing explorations all around the world and settling the colonization of territories in all the known continents. He was described by the Venetian ambassador Paolo Fagolo in 1563 as "slight of stature and round-faced, with pale blue eyes, somewhat prominent lip, and pink skin, but his overall appearance is very attractive." The Ambassador went on to say "He dresses very tastefully, and everything that he does is courteous and gracious."
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Philip Mansel
Philip Mansel (born 1951) is a British historian and the author of a number of books about revolutionary and post-revolutionary France and the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire. He was born in London in 1951 and educated at Eton College, Balliol College, Oxford, and University College London.
Mansel's first book, Louis XVIII, was published in 1981 and this - together with subsequent works such as Paris Between Empires 1814-1852 (2001) - established him on both sides of the Channel as an authority on the later French monarchy, a fact recognised by his appointment as Chevalier des Arts et Lettres. Six of his books have been translated into French.
Altogether Mansel has published eleven books of history and biography, mainly relating either to France or to his other main area of interest, the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East: Sultans in Splendour was published in 1988 Constantinople: City of the World's Desire 1453-1924 in 1995 and Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean in 2010. The last two have been translated into Greek and Turkish.
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Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII (2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903. He was the oldest pope (reigning until the age of 93), and had the third longest pontificate, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and John Paul II.
He is known for intellectualism, the development of social teachings with his encyclical Rerum Novarum and his attempts to define the position of the Church with regard to modern thinking. He influenced Roman Catholic Mariology and promoted both the rosary and the scapular. He issued a record eleven encyclicals on the rosary, approved two new Marian scapulars and was the first Pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix.
Born in Carpineto Romano, near Rome, he was the sixth of the seven sons of Count Ludovico Pecci and his wife Anna Prosperi Buzzi. Until 1818 he lived at home with his family, "in which religion counted as the highest grace on earth, as through her, salvation can be earned for all eternity". Together with his brother he studied in the Jesuit College in Viterbo, where he stayed until 1824. He enjoyed the Latin language and was known to write his own Latin poems at the age of eleven.
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Queen Victoria
Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India.
Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and the King died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne at the age of 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died without surviving legitimate issue. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the Sovereign held relatively few direct political powers. Privately, she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments. Publicly, she became a national icon, and was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
She married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children and 26 of their 34 grandchildren who survived childhood married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the nickname "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, republicanism temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her Golden and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled The American Scholar in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. considered to be America's "Intellectual Declaration of Independence".
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first, then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays – Essays: First Series and Essays: Second Series, published respectively in 1841 and 1844 – represent the core of his thinking, and include such well-known essays as Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul, Circles, The Poet and Experience. Together with Nature, these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period.
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Richard I of England
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was known as Cœur de Lion, or Richard the Lionheart, even before his accession, because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The Saracens called him Melek-Ric or Malek al-Inkitar – King of England.
By the age of sixteen, Richard was commanding his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father, King Henry II. Richard was a central Christian commander during the Third Crusade, effectively leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and scoring considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, but was unable to reconquer Jerusalem.
Although speaking only langue d'oïl and langue d'oc and spending very little time in England (he lived in his Duchy of Aquitaine in the southwest of France, preferring to use his kingdom as a source of revenue to support his armies), he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the very few Kings of England remembered by his epithet, rather than regnal number, and is an enduring, iconic figure in England and France.
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Roy Hattersley
Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley FRSL (born 28 December 1932) is a British Labour politician, author and journalist from Sheffield. He served as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992.
Roy Hattersley has been a socialist and Labour supporter from his youth, electioneering at the age of 12 for his local MP and city councillors, beginning in 1945. His own mother, Enid Hattersley, was a city councillor, and later, Lord Mayor of Sheffield (in 1981). Enid Hattersley kept the fact secret from her son (until he was in his 50s) that his father, who died an atheist, had been a Roman Catholic priest, Father Frederick Hattersley, and had renounced the Church to marry her.
He won a scholarship to Sheffield City Grammar School and went from there to study at the University of Hull. Having been accepted to read English at the University of Leeds, he was diverted into reading Economics when told by a Sheffield colleague of his mother that it was necessary for a political career.
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Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt ("French pronunciation: [sa.ʁa bɛʁ.nɑʁt]"; c. 22/23 October 1844 — 26 March 1923) was a French stage and early film actress, and has been referred to as "the most famous actress the world has ever known". Bernhardt made her fame on the stages of France in the 1870s, and was soon in demand in Europe and the Americas. She developed a reputation as a serious dramatic actress, earning the nickname "The Divine Sarah".
Bernhardt was born in Paris as Rosine Bernardt, the daughter of Julie Bernardt (1821, Amsterdam – 1876, Paris) and an unknown father. Julie was one of six children of a widely traveling Jewish spectacle merchant, "vision specialist" and petty criminal, Moritz Baruch Bernardt, and Sara Hirsch (later known as Janetta Hartog; c. 1797–1829). Julie's father remarried Sara Kinsbergen (1809–1878) two weeks after his first wife's death, and abandoned his family in 1835. Julie left for Paris, where she made a living as a courtesan and was known by the name "Youle". Sara would add the letter "H" to both her first and last names. Sarah's birth records were lost in a fire in 1871, but in order to prove French citizenship, necessary for Légion d'honneur eligibility, she created false birth records, on which she was the daughter of "Judith van Hard" and "Edouard Bernardt" from Le Havre, in later stories either a law student, accountant, naval cadet or naval officer.
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Second Boer War
The Second Boer War (Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Tweede Vryheidsoorlog or Tweede Boereoorlog) was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal Republic) and the Orange Free State. It ended with a British victory and the annexation of both republics by the British Empire; both would eventually be incorporated into the Union of South Africa, a dominion of the British Empire, in 1910. The conflict is commonly referred to as The Boer War but is also known as the South African War outside South Africa, the Anglo-Boer War among most South Africans, and in Afrikaans as the Anglo-Boereoorlog or Tweede Vryheidsoorlog ("Second War of Liberation" or lit. "Second Freedom War") or the Engelse oorlog (English War).
The Second Boer War and the earlier, much less well known, First Boer War (December 1880 to March 1881) are collectively known as the Boer Wars.
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Sidney Lee
Sir Sidney Lee (5 December 1859 – 3 March 1926) was an English biographer and critic. He was born Solomon Lazarus Lee at 12 Keppel Street, Bloomsbury, London and educated at the City of London School and at Balliol College, Oxford, where he graduated in modern history in 1882. In the next year he became assistant-editor of the Dictionary of National Biography. In 1890 he became joint editor, and on the retirement of Sir Leslie Stephen in 1891 succeeded him as editor.
Lee himself contributed voluminously to the Dictionary, writing some 800 articles, mainly on Elizabethan authors or statesmen. His sister Elizabeth Lee also contributed. While still at Balliol he had written two articles on Shakespearean questions, which were printed in The Gentleman's Magazine, and in 1884 he published a book about Stratford-on-Avon. His article on Shakespeare in the fifty-first volume (1897) of the Dictionary of National Biography formed the basis of his Life of William Shakespeare (1898), which reached its fifth edition in 1905.
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Simon Heffer
Simon James Heffer (born 18 July 1960) is a British journalist, columnist and writer.
Heffer was educated at King Edward VI Grammar School in Chelmsford and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
Heffer rejoined The Daily Telegraph in October 2005 as a columnist and associate editor, after having served as a columnist for the Daily Mail from 1995. Martin Newland, the The Daily Telegraph's editor at the time, described the newspaper as Heffer's "natural journalistic home." He left the Telegraph in May 2011 to "pursue a role in journalism and broadcasting" and "complete a major literary project".
Heffer has written biographies of the historian and essayist Thomas Carlyle, the composer Ralph Vaughan Williams, and of the politician Enoch Powell (Like the Roman), which was described by The New Statesman as "a lucid and majestic tribute" to the politician.
In September 2010, Heffer published Strictly English: the Correct Way to Write... and Why it Matters, a guide to English grammar and usage. The book met with a mostly negative reception. Writing in the New Statesman, David Crystal observed that, although "there are some excellent points here about ambiguity, honesty and the importance of clarity", "inconsistencies permeate the book",. In a review for Times Higher Education, Geoff Pullum described Heffer's claims about grammar as "staggeringly erroneous" and his approach as "intellectual abdication", concluding that "Heffer should be ashamed of himself, and Random House should be ashamed of this book."
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Stanley Weintraub
Stanley Weintraub (born. April 17, 1929) is a professor, historian, and biographer. He is an expert on George Bernard Shaw. Weintraub was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is the eldest child of Benjamin and Ray Segal Weintraub, followed by siblings Herbert and Gladys. Weintraub married his wife Rodelle Horwitz in 1954, with whom he has three children: Mark Bennett, David Andrew, and Erica Beth. They have eight grandchildren.
Weintraub started to accrue his knowledge about world affairs at an early age. From a one-volume children’s encyclopedia he moved to the stacks of National Geographic magazines bought second-hand by his father for him at five cents each. His expertise in war also started early, when he collected the then-popular bubble-gum war cards in the 1930s, though he was too young to recognize the patriotic propaganda. In 1939, ten-year-old Weintraub became able to check out adult books when his father applied for a library card. The first book he checked out was radio commentator H. V. Kaltenborn’s I Broadcast the Crisis, about the Munich Conference in 1938.
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Sweyn Forkbeard
Sweyn I Forkbeard (Old Norse: Sveinn Tjúguskegg; c. 960 − 3 February 1014) was king of Denmark and England, as well as parts of Norway. His name appears as Swegen in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
He was a Viking leader and the father of Cnut the Great. On his father Harald Bluetooth's death in late 986 or early 987, he became King of Denmark; in 1000, with allegiance of the Trondejarl, Erik of Lade, he was ruler over most of Norway. After a long effort at conquest, and shortly before his death, in 1013 he became the first of the Danish Kings of England.
On the northern edges of the relatively recent Holy Roman Empire, with its roots in Charlemagne's conquests about two hundred years prior to Sweyn's time, Sweyn Forkbeard had coins made with an image in his likeness. The Latin inscription on the coins read, "ZVEN REX DÆNOR", which translates as "Sven, king of Danes".
Sweyn's father, Harald Bluetooth, was the first of the Scandinavian kings to officially accept Christianity, in the early or mid-960s. According to Adam of Bremen, an 11th-century historian, Harald's son Sweyn was baptised Otto, in tribute to the German king Otto I, who was the first Holy Roman Emperor. Forkbeard is never known to have officially made use of this Christian name. He did not use it on the coins he proudly sent forth, and when he was given the English crown by the Witenagemot of Anglo-Saxon nobles, in 1013, he took the crown as king Sweyn.[citation needed]
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Théophile Delcassé
Théophile Delcassé (1 March 1852 – 22 February 1923) was a French statesman.
He was born at Pamiers, in the Ariège département. He wrote articles on foreign affairs for the République Française and Paris, and in 1888 was elected conseiller général of his native département, standing as "un disciple fidèle de Léon Gambetta." In the following year he entered the chamber as deputy for Foix. He was appointed under-secretary for the colonies in the second Ribot cabinet (January to April 1893), and retained his post in the Dupuy cabinet till its fall in December 1893. It was largely owing to his efforts that the French colonial office was made a separate department with a minister at its head, and to this office he was appointed in the second Dupuy cabinet (May 1894 to January 1895). He gave a great impetus to French colonial enterprise, especially in West Africa, where he organized the newly acquired colony of Dahomey, and despatched the Liotard mission to the upper Ubangi.
While in opposition, he devoted special attention to naval affairs, and in noted speeches he declared that the function of the French navy was to secure and develop colonial enterprise, deprecated all attempts to rival the British fleet, and advocated the construction of commerce destroyers as France's best reply to England. On the formation of the second Brisson cabinet in June 1898 he succeeded Gabriel Hanotaux at the foreign office, and retained that post under the subsequent premierships of Dupuy, Waldeck-Rousseau, Combes and Rouvier.
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Wikipedia Persondata
wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata -
William and Mary
The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the coregency over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, of first-cousins King William III & II and Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February 1689, when they were offered the throne by the Parliament of England, replacing James II & VII, Mary's father and William's uncle/father-in-law, who was "deemed to have fled" the country in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled alone until his death in 1702. William and Mary were childless and were ultimately succeeded by Mary's younger sister, Anne.
To end the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights and began a new co-operation between the Parliament and the monarchs, leading to a greater measure of personal liberty and democracy in Britain. This action both signaled the end of several centuries of tension and conflict between the crown and parliament, and the end of the idea that England would be restored to Roman Catholicism, King William being a Protestant leader. The English Bill of Rights also inspired the English colonists in North America to revolt against the rule of James II and his proposed changes in colonial governance. These colonial revolts occurred in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland.
wn.com/William_and_Mary -
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, PC, DL, FRS, Hon. RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British Conservative politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature, and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States.
Churchill was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jenny Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns.
wn.com/Winston_Churchill -
Áed mac Cináeda
Áed mac Cináeda (died 878) was a son of Cináed mac Ailpín ("Kenneth MacAlpin"). He became king of the Picts in 877 when he succeeded his brother Constantine I. He was nicknamed Áed of the White Flowers, the Wing-footed (Latin: alipes) or the white-foot (Latin: albipes).
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says of Áed: "Edus [Áed] held the same [i.e. the kingdom] for one year. The shortness of his reign has bequeathed nothing memorable to history. He was slain in the civitas of Nrurim." Nrurim is unidentified.
The Annals of Ulster say that in 878: "Áed mac Cináeda, king of the Picts, was killed by his associates." Tradition, reported by George Chalmers in his Caledonia (1807), and by the New Statistical Account (1834–1845), has it that the early-historic mound of the Cunninghillock by Inverurie is the burial place of Áed. This is based on reading Nrurim as Inruriu.
A longer account is interpolated in Andrew of Wyntoun's Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland. This says that Áed reigned one year and was killed by his successor Giric in Strathallan and other king lists have the same report.
wn.com/Áed_mac_Cináeda -
Ælfweard of Wessex
Ælfweard (904 – 2 August 924) was the second son of Edward the Elder, the eldest born to his second wife Ælfflæd.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle simply states that Ælfweard died soon after his father's death on 17 July 924 and that they were buried together at Winchester Cathedral. Manuscript D of the Chronicle specifies that he outlived his father by only 16 days. No reign is explicitly attributed to him here. However, a list of West-Saxon kings in the 12th-century Textus Roffensis mentions him as his father's successor, with a reign of four weeks. He is also described as king in the New Minster Liber Vitae, an 11th-century source based in part on earlier material. On the other hand, William of Malmesbury, relying on a poem, related that Edward's eldest son (by his first wife Ecgwynn), Athelstan, succeeded directly under the terms of King Alfred's will (since lost). The poem had once been considered a near-contemporary authority, but Michael Lapidge has shown this to be based on a misunderstanding of William's reference to "a certain obviously ancient book".
wn.com/Ælfweard_of_Wessex -
Æthelred the Unready
Æthelred the Unready, or Æthelred II (circa 968 – 23 April 1016), was king of England (978–1013 and 1014–1016). He was son of King Edgar and Queen Ælfthryth. Æthelred was only about 10 (no more than 13) when his half-brother Edward was murdered. Æthelred was not personally suspected of participation, but as the murder was committed at Corfe Castle by the attendants of Ælfthryth, it made it more difficult for the new king to rally the nation against the military raids by Danes, especially as the legend of St Edward the Martyr grew.
From 991 onwards, Æthelred paid tribute, or Danegeld, to the Danish King. In 1002, Æthelred ordered a massacre of Danish settlers. In 1003, King Sweyn invaded England and in 1013, Æthelred fled to Normandy and was replaced by Sweyn, who was also king of Denmark. However, Æthelred returned as king after Sweyn died in 1014.
"Unready" is a mistranslation of Old English unræd (meaning bad-counsel) —a twist on his name "Æthelred" (meaning noble-counsel). A better translation would be Redeless—without counsel (Rede).
wn.com/Æthelred_the_Unready -
Émile Loubet
Émile François Loubet (French: [emil lubɛ]; 1838 – 1929) was the 8th President of France.
Trained in law, he became Mayor of Montélimar, where he was noted as a forceful orator, and appointed as a Republican minister under Carnot and Ribot. As President (1899-1906), his term of office saw the successful Paris Exhibition of 1900, and the forging of the Entente with Great Britain, resolving their sharp differences over the Boer War and the Dreyfus Affair.
He was born the son of a peasant proprietor and mayor of Marsanne (Drôme). Admitted to the Parisian bar in 1862, he took his doctorate in law the next year. He was still a student when he witnessed the sweeping triumph of the Republican party in Paris at the general election in 1863, during the Second French Empire. He settled down to the exercise of his profession in Montélimar, where in 1869 he married Marie-Louise Picard. He also inherited a small estate at Grignan.
At the crisis of 1870, which brought about the Empire's end, he became mayor of Montélimar, and thenceforward was a steady supporter of Léon Gambetta. Elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1876 by Montélimar, he was one of the famous 363 who on 16 May 1877 (Seize Mai) passed the vote of no confidence in the ministry of the duc de Broglie.
wn.com/Émile_Loubet
King Edward VII Filmography
- Edward & George: Two Brothers, One Throne (2012)
- En kongelig familie (2003)
- The Strange Case of the Irish Crown Jewels (2003)
- All the King's Men: Matter of Fact (1991)
- Jack the Ripper: The Final Solution (1988)
- The Guns of August (1964)
- Engelska konungaparets besök i Stockholm (1908)
- Viaggio del Re d'Inghilterra in Italia (1908)
- Incontro del Re d'Italia col Re d'Inghilterra a Gaeta (1907)
- Aberdeen University Quarter Centenary Celebrations (1906)
- King Edward and Queen Alexandra Passing Through London, England (1903)
- King Edward's Visit to Ireland (1903)
- King Edward VII in France (1903)
- King Edward and President Loubet Reviewing French Troops (1903)
- Coronation of King Edward VII and Alexandra (1902)
- Coronation of Their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, First Scene (1902)
- Coronation of Their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, Second Scene (1902)
- Coronation of Their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexandria (1902)
- Crowning of King Edward and Queen Alexandra (1902)
- King Edward and Queen Alexandra on Their Way to Westminster (1902)
- King Edward Reviewing Coronation Naval Force at Spithead August 16, 1902 (1902)
- King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, of Great Britain (1902)
- King Edward VII at the Birthday Celebration of the King of Denmark (1902)
- The King and Queen Arriving at Westminster Abbey (1902)
- The King and Queen Leaving Westminster Abbey After the Crowning (1902)
- The King's Procession (1902)
- The New Crowned King and Queen Passing Through Wellington Arch and Down Constitution Hill (1902)
- Queen Victoria's Funeral [Number 2] (1901)
- Queen Victoria's Funeral [Number 3] (1901)
- The First Procession in State of H.M. King Edward VII (1901)
- The First Procession in State of H.M. King Edward VII (1901)
- The Funeral Cortege Arriving at Trinity Pier (1901)
- Edward VII, King of England (1901)
- Arrival of Funeral Cortege at St. George's Chapel (1901)
- Their Majesties the King and Queen (1901)
- Departure of Duke and Duchess of Cornwall for Australia (1901)
- Queen Victoria's Funeral [Number 1] (1901)
- Prince of Wales Inspecting Yeomanry (1900)
- Children of the Royal Family of England (1900)
- Children of the Royal Family of England (1900)
- Prince of Wales Opening the Central London Railway (1900)
- Arrival of Prince of Wales at Albany Barracks (1900)
- Playing Soldier (1900)
- Prince of Wales Shaking Hands with Officers of Imperial Yeomanry (1900)
- Imperial Yeomanry Reviewed by Prince of Wales (1900)
- Prince of Wales Inspecting Hon. Artillery Company's New Guns (1900)
- Prince of Wales Inspecting Imperial Yeomanry (1900)
- The Prince of Wales at the Aldershot Review (1899)
- The Prince of Wales' Visit to Edinburgh (1899)
- Prince of Wales Viewing Prize Cattle (1899)
- Prince of Wales, Duke of York and Prince Christian Arrive (1899)
- Prince of Wales, Duke of York and Royalty (1899)
- Her Majesty, Queen Victoria (1899)
- The Prince of Wales at Windsor Agricultural Show (1899)
- Prince of Wales (1898)
- Prince of Wales Leaving Marlborough House to Attend an Investure (1897)
- Aldershot Review (1897)
- Prince of Wales on Board His Yacht Britannia (1897)
- The Prince of Wales (1897)
- Ascot Races Arrival of the Prince of Wales (1897)
- Prince of Wales Reviewing Yeomanry (1897)
- Departure of the Prince of Wales from Ascot (1897)
- H.R.H. the Prince of Wales (1896)
- Prince and Princess of Wales Arriving in State at the Cardiff Exposition (1896)
- Le prince de Galles (1892)
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King Edward VII - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:56
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
King Edward VII - Part 1
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_1
King Edward VII - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:13
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
King Edward VII - Part 2
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_2
King Edward VII & Queen Alexandra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:25
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Queen_Alexandra
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra.
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 6427
- author: dafilmclub
King Edward VII (1841-1910) - A Life on Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king is seen: [1] Out shooting pheasants [2] Mounted on a horse [3] Getting into a carriage with Queen Alexandra [4] Riding in a carriage with Queen Alexandra [5] At Royal Ascot [6] Planting a tree for some occasion [7] At the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, with Kaiser Wilhelm 11 and others [8] Going to his coronation in 1902 in the gilded coach [9] Visiting Paris in 1904 [10] Launching 'The Dreadnought' in 1906 The final footage is of the funeral procession of King Edward VII.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_1841-1910_A_Life_on_Film
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king is seen: [1] Out shooting pheasants [2] Mounted on a horse [3] Getting into a carriage with Queen Alexandra [4] Riding in a carriage with Queen Alexandra [5] At Royal Ascot [6] Planting a tree for some occasion [7] At the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, with Kaiser Wilhelm 11 and others [8] Going to his coronation in 1902 in the gilded coach [9] Visiting Paris in 1904 [10] Launching 'The Dreadnought' in 1906 The final footage is of the funeral procession of King Edward VII.
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 5792
- author: Nick Wallace-Smith
King Edward VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Edward VII (1841 -- 1910), King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions and Emperor of India 1901-1910, heir of Queen Victoria and first monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He gave his name to an age, particularly the fashionable trends of well-to-do gentlemen. He expanded and modernized the Royal Navy, allied with France and used diplomacy to encircle Germany, the King predicting that they would provoke a war.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII
Edward VII (1841 -- 1910), King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions and Emperor of India 1901-1910, heir of Queen Victoria and first monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He gave his name to an age, particularly the fashionable trends of well-to-do gentlemen. He expanded and modernized the Royal Navy, allied with France and used diplomacy to encircle Germany, the King predicting that they would provoke a war.
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 2163
- author: MadMonarchist
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history. During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between the UK and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history. During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between the UK and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
- published: 22 Dec 2010
- views: 11662
- author: Lost Splendour
Coronation of King Edward VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 02 Aug 2012
Very rare footage of the Coronation of Edward VII. For anyone who is interested in his life and short reign, I would strongly recommend the television series "Edward The Seventh" (1975). In North America, the series' title is "Edward The King." His reign many have been short, but he gave his name to his age (known as "The Edwardians") and it was filled with political controversies, colour and glamour.
http://wn.com/Coronation_of_King_Edward_VII
Very rare footage of the Coronation of Edward VII. For anyone who is interested in his life and short reign, I would strongly recommend the television series "Edward The Seventh" (1975). In North America, the series' title is "Edward The King." His reign many have been short, but he gave his name to his age (known as "The Edwardians") and it was filled with political controversies, colour and glamour.
- published: 05 Dec 2010
- views: 9111
- author: 324wilson
NUS Rag Day 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 30 Jun 2012
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympic Flame Arrival Celebrations as a prelude to the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Rag Day 2010 Theme: Splendour Video taken using handheld camcorder due to illogical restrictions imposed by some YOG personnel despite the possession of the NUSSU Media Pass. Uploaded on behalf of KE Media X, King Edward VII Hall, NUS.
http://wn.com/NUS_Rag_Day_2010_King_Edward_VII_Hall_KE_Soul_Korea
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympic Flame Arrival Celebrations as a prelude to the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Rag Day 2010 Theme: Splendour Video taken using handheld camcorder due to illogical restrictions imposed by some YOG personnel despite the possession of the NUSSU Media Pass. Uploaded on behalf of KE Media X, King Edward VII Hall, NUS.
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 7182
- author: KP Chen
Prince William arrives at the King Edward VII hospital to see Duchess of Cambridge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:19
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Prince William arrives at the King Edward VII hospital to see his wife Kate who is suffering from acute morning sickness. . Report by Katie Lamborn. Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com . Subscribe to ITN News! www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Prince_William_arrives_at_the_King_Edward_VII_hospital_to_see_Duchess_of_Cambridge
Prince William arrives at the King Edward VII hospital to see his wife Kate who is suffering from acute morning sickness. . Report by Katie Lamborn. Like us on Facebook at www.facebook.com and follow us on Twitter at twitter.com . Subscribe to ITN News! www.youtube.com
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 7741
- author: itnnews
Quickfire Couch:King Edward VII Stakes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 01 Jun 2011
Horseracing expert Mark The Couch Winstanley likes nothing more than tipping winners, and he's tipped plenty of them over the years. Here he studies the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot on Friday but is rudely interrupted as he does so! Watch the Couch every week at racingpost.com
http://wn.com/Quickfire_CouchKing_Edward_VII_Stakes
Horseracing expert Mark The Couch Winstanley likes nothing more than tipping winners, and he's tipped plenty of them over the years. Here he studies the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot on Friday but is rudely interrupted as he does so! Watch the Couch every week at racingpost.com
- published: 17 Jun 2010
- views: 373
- author: racingpostdotcom
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012.wmv
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Stakes_G2_Thomas_Chippendale_ROYAL_ASCOT_2012
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012.wmv
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 611
- author: Ali Dammas
King Edward VII School Choir sing 'Adele'!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 08 Aug 2012
The King Edward VII School Choir sing an Adele song beautifully at a School Assembly on 3 August 2012
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_School_Choir_sing_'Adele'!
The King Edward VII School Choir sing an Adele song beautifully at a School Assembly on 3 August 2012
- published: 08 Aug 2012
- views: 365
- author: KESVIISCHOOL
King Edward Funeral-1910-Big Ben Chimes 1892
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Produced by Michael J. Loughlin for the Thomas A. Edison Music Video Co.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_Funeral-1910-Big_Ben_Chimes_1892
Produced by Michael J. Loughlin for the Thomas A. Edison Music Video Co.
- published: 12 Oct 2006
- views: 125570
- author: mrocklin
![King Edwards Funeral, 1910 [2]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130206010818im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/lQRzmvr5ZxE/default.jpg "King Edwards Funeral, 1910 [2]")
King Edwards Funeral, 1910 [2]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:00
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Summary Ceremonial funeral procession of King Edward VII (1901-1910) passing through the streets of London on May 20, 1910. Views of the moving casket, heads of state walking behind the casket, the royal carriage, and various marching military units. Attending the ceremony were Kaiser Wilhelm II, Stéphen Pichon, Kings of Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and Theodore Roosevelt, representing the United States. Roosevelt is visible at ca. ft. 16-21, 126-129, 168-170. Created/Published [Sl : sn, 1910]. Notes Appearing: Theodore Roosevelt. Subjects Edward--VII,--King of Great Britain,--1841-1910--Death and burial. Funeral service. Heads of state. London (England) Newreel--Short. Related Names Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919. Theodore Roosevelt Association Collection (Library of Congress) Digital ID trmp 4125s1 4125s2 hdl.loc.gov
http://wn.com/King_Edwards_Funeral,_1910_2_
Summary Ceremonial funeral procession of King Edward VII (1901-1910) passing through the streets of London on May 20, 1910. Views of the moving casket, heads of state walking behind the casket, the royal carriage, and various marching military units. Attending the ceremony were Kaiser Wilhelm II, Stéphen Pichon, Kings of Spain, Portugal, Denmark, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and Theodore Roosevelt, representing the United States. Roosevelt is visible at ca. ft. 16-21, 126-129, 168-170. Created/Published [Sl : sn, 1910]. Notes Appearing: Theodore Roosevelt. Subjects Edward--VII,--King of Great Britain,--1841-1910--Death and burial. Funeral service. Heads of state. London (England) Newreel--Short. Related Names Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919. Theodore Roosevelt Association Collection (Library of Congress) Digital ID trmp 4125s1 4125s2 hdl.loc.gov
- published: 09 Mar 2010
- views: 18607
- author: LibraryOfCongress
Duchess of Cambridge leaves King Edward VII Hospital
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:34
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
http://wn.com/Duchess_of_Cambridge_leaves_King_Edward_VII_Hospital
King For A Day - Thompson Twins - King Edward VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
Released in 1986
http://wn.com/King_For_A_Day_Thompson_Twins_King_Edward_VII
Springboks arrival @ King Edward VII School 31 August 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Huge excitement as the Springboks arrived to train at King Edward VII School on the 31 August 2012. The boys couldn't wait for KES Old Boy Bryan Habana to get off the bus!
http://wn.com/Springboks_arrival_@_King_Edward_VII_School_31_August_2012
Huge excitement as the Springboks arrived to train at King Edward VII School on the 31 August 2012. The boys couldn't wait for KES Old Boy Bryan Habana to get off the bus!
- published: 31 Aug 2012
- views: 614
- author: KESVIISCHOOL
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 19 Sep 2012
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_School,_Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
- published: 23 May 2012
- views: 203
- author: CivicaUK
King Edward VII Private Hospital London
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
King Edward VIIs Hospital Sister Agnes is a private hospital in London, providing the highest standards of patient services based on a hospital-wide commitment to total quality care. www.kingedwardvii.co.uk
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Private_Hospital_London
King Edward VIIs Hospital Sister Agnes is a private hospital in London, providing the highest standards of patient services based on a hospital-wide commitment to total quality care. www.kingedwardvii.co.uk
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 1825
- author: KEVIIHospital
King Edward VII S. 2010 -- Monterosso
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 23 Jul 2012
King Edward VII S. 2010 -- Monterosso
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_S_2010_-_Monterosso
King Edward VII (KE 7) Rag 08/09 - Alcazar
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 25 Aug 2010
King Edward VII (KE 7) Rag 08/09 - Alcazar Video recorded & edited by EusoffWorks Mediagraphy wing of NUS Eusoff Hall for more videos and photos, visit www.eusoff.nus.edu.sg
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_KE_7_Rag_08_09_Alcazar
King Edward VII (KE 7) Rag 08/09 - Alcazar Video recorded & edited by EusoffWorks Mediagraphy wing of NUS Eusoff Hall for more videos and photos, visit www.eusoff.nus.edu.sg
- published: 09 Aug 2008
- views: 2278
- author: eusoffworks
Elgar/Second Symphony/Larghetto + King Edward VII's Funeral
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:51
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Larghetto from Sir Edward Elgar's Second Symphony (1910), recorded by Sir John Barbirolli conducting the Hallé Orchestra in 1964. Early in 1910, Sir Edward Elgar designed his Second Symphony as a "loyal tribute" to his sovereign, King Edward VII. Sadly, the king died, on 6th May of that year. So the tribute became a memorial, and the second movement, "Larghetto," became a funeral march. I combine that second movement, here, with video footage of Edward VII's funeral procession, recently made available by the Library of Congress, which I include here complete, plus some vintage paintings & photos. An interesting feature of the funeral procession was the special place given to the late king's fox terrier, Caesar, led by a highland soldier, just after the king's riderless horse. I have provided several photos, but little Caesar is hard to find in the videos. If you look really closely, you can see him trotting along from 6:14 to 6:18. Allegedly, Kaiser Wilhelm II was offended by this precedence given to a dog, further fuelling the fever that led to The Great War, four years later. Viewer's guide: 1:30: I'm guessing that the carriage which first hoves into view at this point carries the late king's widow, Queen (now Queen Mother) Alexandra. The procession includes a remarkable number of monarchs - the kings on horseback, the queens in carriages. 2:45 - 5:00: a photo-montage, following ...
http://wn.com/Elgar_Second_Symphony_Larghetto_+_King_Edward_VII's_Funeral
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Larghetto from Sir Edward Elgar's Second Symphony (1910), recorded by Sir John Barbirolli conducting the Hallé Orchestra in 1964. Early in 1910, Sir Edward Elgar designed his Second Symphony as a "loyal tribute" to his sovereign, King Edward VII. Sadly, the king died, on 6th May of that year. So the tribute became a memorial, and the second movement, "Larghetto," became a funeral march. I combine that second movement, here, with video footage of Edward VII's funeral procession, recently made available by the Library of Congress, which I include here complete, plus some vintage paintings & photos. An interesting feature of the funeral procession was the special place given to the late king's fox terrier, Caesar, led by a highland soldier, just after the king's riderless horse. I have provided several photos, but little Caesar is hard to find in the videos. If you look really closely, you can see him trotting along from 6:14 to 6:18. Allegedly, Kaiser Wilhelm II was offended by this precedence given to a dog, further fuelling the fever that led to The Great War, four years later. Viewer's guide: 1:30: I'm guessing that the carriage which first hoves into view at this point carries the late king's widow, Queen (now Queen Mother) Alexandra. The procession includes a remarkable number of monarchs - the kings on horseback, the queens in carriages. 2:45 - 5:00: a photo-montage, following ...
- published: 20 May 2011
- views: 4086
- author: vinteui1
Elgar/First Symphony/IV. Conclusion + King Edward VII's Coronation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Pictures of King Edward VII, Queen Alexandra & their coronation procession (1901), accompanied by the conclusion to Sir Edward Elgar's First Symphony (1908), recorded by the composer himself conducting the London Symphony Orchestra (1930).
http://wn.com/Elgar_First_Symphony_IV_Conclusion_+_King_Edward_VII's_Coronation
Pictures of King Edward VII, Queen Alexandra & their coronation procession (1901), accompanied by the conclusion to Sir Edward Elgar's First Symphony (1908), recorded by the composer himself conducting the London Symphony Orchestra (1930).
- published: 06 Feb 2009
- views: 8588
- author: vinteui1
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The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:43
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 1
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
http://wn.com/The_UK's_Nazi_King_Edward_VIII,_Duke_of_Windsor_Traitor_Enemy_of_Britain_Part_1
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 1
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 34158
- author: maxvonmillion
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:25
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 2
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
http://wn.com/The_UK's_Nazi_King_Edward_VIII,_Duke_of_Windsor_Traitor_Enemy_of_Britain_Part_2
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 2
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 24707
- author: maxvonmillion
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 3
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
http://wn.com/The_UK's_Nazi_King_Edward_VIII,_Duke_of_Windsor_Traitor_Enemy_of_Britain_Part_3
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 3
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 17226
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_1_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 89332
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_2_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 48864
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_3_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 49295
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_4_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 44620
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_5_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 31235
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_6_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 29489
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_7_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 26893
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_8_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 25622
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_9_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 24189
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_10_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27936
- author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_11_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27588
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_1_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 62586
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_2_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 38135
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_3_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 35514
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_4_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 33961
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (5/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_5_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 28411
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (6/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_6_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27957
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (7/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_7_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 32077
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (8/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_8_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27290
- author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (9/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_9_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 26163
- author: maxvonmillion
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
http://wn.com/The_Queen's_Palaces_Windsor_Castle_1_of_2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 120743
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 2 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
http://wn.com/The_Queen's_Palaces_Windsor_Castle_2_of_2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 80490
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:21
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
http://wn.com/The_Queen's_Palaces_Holyroodhouse_1_of_2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 61094
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 2 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:28
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
http://wn.com/The_Queen's_Palaces_Holyroodhouse_2_of_2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 37781
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Queens Palaces Buckingham Palace
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Queen has three official residences - the best known, Buckingham Palace; the oldest, Windsor Castle; and the most romantic, Palace of Holyroodhouse. Among the few working royal palaces in the world today, they serve as both family homes and as the setting for the business of Monarchy. Each has its own distinctive story - long histories that reflect good and bad times, triumph and tragedy and, of course, the lives of some of our most memorable kings and queens. But they all share certain features - incredible collections of treasures that reflect both the tastes of their occupants and the artistic development of the nation, and architecture that has evolved across the centuries to meet the needs of different ages, reflecting the story of Britain and its people like no other buildings.
Buckingham Palace may be just about the most famous building in the world, but its story is much less familiar. Fiona Bruce reveals how England's most spectacular palace emerged from a swampy backwater in just 300 years. The journey of discovery takes her from the sewers of London to the magnificent State Rooms; from a home for camels and elephants to the artistic brilliance of C18th-century Venice; and from a prince's Chinese fantasy to the secret of how the Palace's glittering chandeliers are cleaned today.
http://wn.com/The_Queens_Palaces_Buckingham_Palace
The Queen has three official residences - the best known, Buckingham Palace; the oldest, Windsor Castle; and the most romantic, Palace of Holyroodhouse. Among the few working royal palaces in the world today, they serve as both family homes and as the setting for the business of Monarchy. Each has its own distinctive story - long histories that reflect good and bad times, triumph and tragedy and, of course, the lives of some of our most memorable kings and queens. But they all share certain features - incredible collections of treasures that reflect both the tastes of their occupants and the artistic development of the nation, and architecture that has evolved across the centuries to meet the needs of different ages, reflecting the story of Britain and its people like no other buildings.
Buckingham Palace may be just about the most famous building in the world, but its story is much less familiar. Fiona Bruce reveals how England's most spectacular palace emerged from a swampy backwater in just 300 years. The journey of discovery takes her from the sewers of London to the magnificent State Rooms; from a home for camels and elephants to the artistic brilliance of C18th-century Venice; and from a prince's Chinese fantasy to the secret of how the Palace's glittering chandeliers are cleaned today.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 184642
- author: andreeaSim5439
Balmoral Castle 1 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Balmoral Castle
http://wn.com/Balmoral_Castle_1_of_4
Balmoral Castle 2 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Balmoral Castle
http://wn.com/Balmoral_Castle_2_of_4
Balmoral Castle 3 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Balmoral Castle
http://wn.com/Balmoral_Castle_3_of_4
Balmoral Castle 4 of 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Balmoral Castle
http://wn.com/Balmoral_Castle_4_of_4
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
http://wn.com/VictoriaA_Royal_Love_Story_part_1_of_2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 74965
- author: andreeaSim5439
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
http://wn.com/VictoriaA_Royal_Love_Story_part_2_of_2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 27993
- author: andreeaSim5439
St. Petersburg Church on Spilled Blood.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.tourvideos.com St. Petersburg 2010 Church on Spilled Blood is the most Russian-looking major building in town, with its wild, colorful spires similar to the famous St. Basil in Moscow's Red Square. St. Petersburg. It was built in the Russian Revival style as a memorial to Czar Alexander II, who was assassinated here by a terrorist bomb in 1881.
http://wn.com/St_Petersburg_Church_on_Spilled_Bloodmov
http://www.tourvideos.com St. Petersburg 2010 Church on Spilled Blood is the most Russian-looking major building in town, with its wild, colorful spires similar to the famous St. Basil in Moscow's Red Square. St. Petersburg. It was built in the Russian Revival style as a memorial to Czar Alexander II, who was assassinated here by a terrorist bomb in 1881.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 3556
- author: andreeaSim5439
King Edward VII - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
King Edward VII - Part 1
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_1
King Edward VII - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
King Edward VII - Part 2
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_2
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (1/5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This documentary has its faults. For a clear account of what really occurred and their lives, I would strongly recommend "George, Nicholas, Whilhelm" by Miranda Carter.
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
http://wn.com/George,_Nicholas,_Wilhelm_Three_Royal_Cousins_1_5
This documentary has its faults. For a clear account of what really occurred and their lives, I would strongly recommend "George, Nicholas, Whilhelm" by Miranda Carter.
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 38091
- author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (2/5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died
http://wn.com/George,_Nicholas,_Wilhelm_Three_Royal_Cousins_2_5
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 15848
- author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (3/5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
http://wn.com/George,_Nicholas,_Wilhelm_Three_Royal_Cousins_3_5
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 13110
- author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (4/5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
http://wn.com/George,_Nicholas,_Wilhelm_Three_Royal_Cousins_4_5
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 10124
- author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (5/5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
http://wn.com/George,_Nicholas,_Wilhelm_Three_Royal_Cousins_5_5
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 12084
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_1_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 62586
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_2_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 38135
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_3_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 35514
- author: andreeaSim5439
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_4_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 33961
- author: andreeaSim5439
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Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_1_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 89332
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_2_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 48864
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_3_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 49295
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_4_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 44620
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_5_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 31235
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_6_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 29489
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_7_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 26893
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_8_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 25622
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_9_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 24189
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_10_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27936
- author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
http://wn.com/Edward_VIII_The_Traitor_King_part_11_of_11
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27588
- author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (1/3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
http://wn.com/Historian_Andrew_Roberts_King_Edward_VIII_1_3
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 9850
- author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (2/3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
http://wn.com/Historian_Andrew_Roberts_King_Edward_VIII_2_3
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 6137
- author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (3/3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
http://wn.com/Historian_Andrew_Roberts_King_Edward_VIII_3_3
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 4168
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_1_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 62586
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_2_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 38135
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_3_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 35514
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_4_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 33961
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (5/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_5_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 28411
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (6/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_6_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27957
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (7/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_7_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 32077
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (8/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_8_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27290
- author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (9/10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
http://wn.com/The_Royal_House_of_Windsor_9_10
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 26163
- author: quicheazal
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The.Real.Edward.VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
documentary on famous king www.DocumentaryList.net for more
http://wn.com/TheRealEdwardVII
documentary on famous king www.DocumentaryList.net for more
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 27567
- author: DoubleMrE
King Edward VII - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
King Edward VII - Part 1
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_1
King Edward VII - Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
King Edward VII - Part 2
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_2
Prince John The Windsors Tragic Secret
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 48:33
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad
http://wn.com/Prince_John_The_Windsors_Tragic_Secret
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 127070
- author: DoubleMrE
Haemophilia and Porphyria - Royal diseases from Tainted Blood
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 45:52
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The Royal family has had many instances of unexplained illnesses and premature death during it's history - George III's 'madness', the downfall of Mary Queen of Scots and Rasputin bringing down the Russian throne, can all be linked back to Queen Victoria.
This programme explores how, in trying to preserve the bloodline, the monarchy may have spread genetic disease far and wide - from Porphyria wreaking havoc with British royals to Haemophilia finding its way from Buckingham Palace, all the way to Moscow.
http://wn.com/Haemophilia_and_Porphyria_Royal_diseases_from_Tainted_Blood
The Royal family has had many instances of unexplained illnesses and premature death during it's history - George III's 'madness', the downfall of Mary Queen of Scots and Rasputin bringing down the Russian throne, can all be linked back to Queen Victoria.
This programme explores how, in trying to preserve the bloodline, the monarchy may have spread genetic disease far and wide - from Porphyria wreaking havoc with British royals to Haemophilia finding its way from Buckingham Palace, all the way to Moscow.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 80349
- author: DoubleMrE
King George And Queen Mary: The Royals Who Rescued the Monarchy (Part2 BBC)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
A two-part portrait of Elizabeth II's grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, which examines the lasting legacy of the couple who rescued the monarchy from potential disaster, and whose influence persists to this day.
Episode two focuses on Queen Mary, who came from a relatively humble royal background, but was picked as a future queen consort by Queen Victoria. At first she was betrothed to Prince Eddy, heir to the throne. But when Eddy died she was unceremoniously passed to his brother George.
Despite the arranged marriage, King George and Queen Mary had a loving relationship. Mary revered the monarchy and obeyed her husband in all things - even the length of her dresses. She always put duty and service first. But when King George died in 1935, this once rigidly formal character emerged as a determined if eccentric royal matriarch with a mind of her own.
When the abdication crisis threatened the future of the House of Windsor she was the rock to which the nation turned as a symbol of stability and continuity. Queen Mary died in 1953, having lived to see her granddaughter, Elizabeth, ascend to the throne.
Part1 Here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk8CxBUSGFA
http://wn.com/King_George_And_Queen_Mary_The_Royals_Who_Rescued_the_Monarchy_Part2_BBC
A two-part portrait of Elizabeth II's grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, which examines the lasting legacy of the couple who rescued the monarchy from potential disaster, and whose influence persists to this day.
Episode two focuses on Queen Mary, who came from a relatively humble royal background, but was picked as a future queen consort by Queen Victoria. At first she was betrothed to Prince Eddy, heir to the throne. But when Eddy died she was unceremoniously passed to his brother George.
Despite the arranged marriage, King George and Queen Mary had a loving relationship. Mary revered the monarchy and obeyed her husband in all things - even the length of her dresses. She always put duty and service first. But when King George died in 1935, this once rigidly formal character emerged as a determined if eccentric royal matriarch with a mind of her own.
When the abdication crisis threatened the future of the House of Windsor she was the rock to which the nation turned as a symbol of stability and continuity. Queen Mary died in 1953, having lived to see her granddaughter, Elizabeth, ascend to the throne.
Part1 Here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk8CxBUSGFA
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 12153
- author: DoubleMrE
![Anne [part one]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130206010818im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Nmzbm32YvmI/default.jpg "Anne [part one]")
Anne [part one]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Anne
http://wn.com/Anne_part_one_
![Anne [part two]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130206010818im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EtPu0tDBsjw/default.jpg "Anne [part two]")
Anne [part two]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Anne
http://wn.com/Anne_part_two_
![Anne [part three]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130206010818im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/f8a0sJ_wEKg/default.jpg "Anne [part three]")
Anne [part three]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Anne
http://wn.com/Anne_part_three_
![Anne [part four]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130206010818im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/gSqpy1X4Aj4/default.jpg "Anne [part four]")
Anne [part four]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Anne
http://wn.com/Anne_part_four_
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 1/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_1_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 110165
- author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 2/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_2_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 48007
- author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 3/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_3_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 36165
- author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 4/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_4_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 36258
- author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 5/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_5_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 30588
- author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 6/6
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
http://wn.com/The_Queen_Behind_the_Mask_2000_6_6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 35975
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 1 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_1_of_16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 25495
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 2 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:30
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_2_of_16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 12341
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 3 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_3_of_16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 13116
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 4 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_4_of_16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 8771
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 5 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_5_of_16
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 7718
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy(1992) - 6 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy1992_6_of_16
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 6514
- author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 7 of 16
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
http://wn.com/The_Monarchy_1992_7_of_16
The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 7078
- author: DoubleMrE
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Edward the Seventh: Alix (Episode 4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:12
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Prince Bertie continues his military training but he is taken to deceiving his superiors and sneaking off with his friends to the music halls. His parents continue their search to find Bertie a suitable wife. Their preference is for a German bride but eventually they settle on Princess Alexandra of Denmark, known to her family as Alix. A brief meeting is arranged for the two at the cathedral in Speyer, but no final decision is made. Relations with his father deteriorate even further when the Prince Consort receives a confidential letter from a friend telling of Bertie's dalliance with a music hall singer. Bertie is clearly a disappointment to his father, but the elder Prince Albert falls ill and dies of typhoid toward the end of 1861. Albert is concerned as trouble between Denmark and Prussia grows. Albert endeavours to avoid war with the United States. President Lincoln proposes an alliance with France to conquer Canada. First broadcast: April 22, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_Alix_Episode_4
Prince Bertie continues his military training but he is taken to deceiving his superiors and sneaking off with his friends to the music halls. His parents continue their search to find Bertie a suitable wife. Their preference is for a German bride but eventually they settle on Princess Alexandra of Denmark, known to her family as Alix. A brief meeting is arranged for the two at the cathedral in Speyer, but no final decision is made. Relations with his father deteriorate even further when the Prince Consort receives a confidential letter from a friend telling of Bertie's dalliance with a music hall singer. Bertie is clearly a disappointment to his father, but the elder Prince Albert falls ill and dies of typhoid toward the end of 1861. Albert is concerned as trouble between Denmark and Prussia grows. Albert endeavours to avoid war with the United States. President Lincoln proposes an alliance with France to conquer Canada. First broadcast: April 22, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 14135
- author: WeirdScience1990s
The.Real.Edward.VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 74:32
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
documentary on famous king www.DocumentaryList.net for more
http://wn.com/TheRealEdwardVII
documentary on famous king www.DocumentaryList.net for more
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 24867
- author: docufans1
King Edward VII - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:56
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
King Edward VII - Part 1
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Part_1
Edward the Seventh: The Years of Waiting (Episode 10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:36
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Britain finds itself at war in South Africa when British colonists attack the Transvaal government. But Queen Victoria still refuses to let Bertie have any role in matters of State, so he reluctantly spends his time going to the races and as is so often the case, plays host to visiting relations, this time the Czar and Czarina of Russia at Balmoral. The King of Greece appeals to Alexandra for help against the invading Turks. The Queen celebrates her Diamond Jubilee; the event is recorded with a new invention which works by displaying a sequence of still photographs through a projector. Victoria is outraged that Gladstone's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey. The war with the Boers is unpopular on the Continent. Bertie is the object of an assassination attempt by a teenage anarchist in Brussels. Visitors to Victoria's sickbed include her grandson, the Kaiser. Queen Victoria dies on January 22, 1901 and Bertie becomes King Edward VII. First broadcast: June 3, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_The_Years_of_Waiting_Episode_10
Britain finds itself at war in South Africa when British colonists attack the Transvaal government. But Queen Victoria still refuses to let Bertie have any role in matters of State, so he reluctantly spends his time going to the races and as is so often the case, plays host to visiting relations, this time the Czar and Czarina of Russia at Balmoral. The King of Greece appeals to Alexandra for help against the invading Turks. The Queen celebrates her Diamond Jubilee; the event is recorded with a new invention which works by displaying a sequence of still photographs through a projector. Victoria is outraged that Gladstone's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey. The war with the Boers is unpopular on the Continent. Bertie is the object of an assassination attempt by a teenage anarchist in Brussels. Visitors to Victoria's sickbed include her grandson, the Kaiser. Queen Victoria dies on January 22, 1901 and Bertie becomes King Edward VII. First broadcast: June 3, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 11514
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: King at Last (Episode 11)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:14
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
After a nearly 60 year wait, Bertie becomes King upon the death of his mother Queen Victoria. There is much speculation as to whether he is up to the job. The King's nephew, the German Kaiser, proposes an Anglo-German alliance and the King supports it but several of his Ministers simply do not take him seriously. Although now Queen, Alix is having some trouble adjusting to their new life, refusing to live at Buckingham Palace and reluctant to leave Marlborough House, the home designated for the Prince of Wales, their son George. The King's sister, Vicky -- the Kaiser's mother -- dies of cancer in Germany. Bertie is frustrated when his coronation is postponed due to the Boer War. When it is finally scheduled, it must be postponed again as the King must undergo emergency surgery to remove his appendix. The planned festivities for the populace proceed regardless. Finally, in a more modest ceremony, Bertie and Alix are crowned. First broadcast: June 10, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_King_at_Last_Episode_11
After a nearly 60 year wait, Bertie becomes King upon the death of his mother Queen Victoria. There is much speculation as to whether he is up to the job. The King's nephew, the German Kaiser, proposes an Anglo-German alliance and the King supports it but several of his Ministers simply do not take him seriously. Although now Queen, Alix is having some trouble adjusting to their new life, refusing to live at Buckingham Palace and reluctant to leave Marlborough House, the home designated for the Prince of Wales, their son George. The King's sister, Vicky -- the Kaiser's mother -- dies of cancer in Germany. Bertie is frustrated when his coronation is postponed due to the Boer War. When it is finally scheduled, it must be postponed again as the King must undergo emergency surgery to remove his appendix. The planned festivities for the populace proceed regardless. Finally, in a more modest ceremony, Bertie and Alix are crowned. First broadcast: June 10, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 18643
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The New World (Episode 3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:25
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
After a successful tour of President Buchanan's America, young Prince Bertie returns home to find that his parents do not see it as a personal success rather one that can be attributed to the monarchy in general. His father tells him he is to go to Oxford to continue his studies but will be under the care of a governor and will not be allowed to mix with other students. Bertie really wants to join the army but his father, at first, refuses, but eventually decides in his favor. He is made a Lieutenant Colonel in the Grenadier Guards and sent to Ireland to undergo his training. There he sees a few familiar faces and begins an affair with an Irish music hall performer. The situation in Italy creates a conflict for Albert with his relations in the Austrian court. Vicky's son Wilhelm is born with a damaged arm. States in the American South secede, raising the possibility of war. Victoria's mother, the Duchess of Kent, dies. First broadcast: April 15, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_The_New_World_Episode_3
After a successful tour of President Buchanan's America, young Prince Bertie returns home to find that his parents do not see it as a personal success rather one that can be attributed to the monarchy in general. His father tells him he is to go to Oxford to continue his studies but will be under the care of a governor and will not be allowed to mix with other students. Bertie really wants to join the army but his father, at first, refuses, but eventually decides in his favor. He is made a Lieutenant Colonel in the Grenadier Guards and sent to Ireland to undergo his training. There he sees a few familiar faces and begins an affair with an Irish music hall performer. The situation in Italy creates a conflict for Albert with his relations in the Austrian court. Vicky's son Wilhelm is born with a damaged arm. States in the American South secede, raising the possibility of war. Victoria's mother, the Duchess of Kent, dies. First broadcast: April 15, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 6424
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Boy (Episode 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:21
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
After only a year of marriage, Queen Victoria has not only given birth to a daughter but learns that she is again pregnant. The Queen takes her role seriously and is fully engaged in matters of State. She has an outstanding relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne and is concerned that her confinement will limit her abilities to rule. For her husband, Prince Albert, his limited role in the household causes friction in the marriage. He has no say in the hiring of the household staff or the way his child is cared for. More importantly he yearns for a role as an adviser in the political realm. The Queen dearly loves him and over time, he slowly establishes himself as the head of the household and becomes an indispensable adviser. The birth of their second child, Prince Albert Edward, provides the line with a male heir. Even though he's only still a baby, his father is already planning his education. First broadcast: April 1, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_The_Boy_Episode_1
After only a year of marriage, Queen Victoria has not only given birth to a daughter but learns that she is again pregnant. The Queen takes her role seriously and is fully engaged in matters of State. She has an outstanding relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne and is concerned that her confinement will limit her abilities to rule. For her husband, Prince Albert, his limited role in the household causes friction in the marriage. He has no say in the hiring of the household staff or the way his child is cared for. More importantly he yearns for a role as an adviser in the political realm. The Queen dearly loves him and over time, he slowly establishes himself as the head of the household and becomes an indispensable adviser. The birth of their second child, Prince Albert Edward, provides the line with a male heir. Even though he's only still a baby, his father is already planning his education. First broadcast: April 1, 1975.
- published: 24 Mar 2012
- views: 17925
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: An Experiment in Education (Episode 2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:31
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
The young Prince Albert, called Bertie by members of the family, is not having a particularly happy childhood. The elder Prince Albert has very definite views about his son's education including the need for non-stop work, both in the classroom and out, and very strict discipline. Bertie rebels but the only solution seems to be ever more discipline. He's clearly a disappointment to his father who had hoped his son would be a new kind of leader, a scholar who knows and understands the world but that is clearly not to be, at least not to his satisfaction. He soon dismisses his eldest son and spends most of his time ensuring the happiness of his eldest daughter Princess Victoria, known as Vicky. Her marriage is something of a sad time for the Queen and the Prince Consort as they miss her greatly and Bertie feels that he cannot replace his sister in their hearts. Bertie for his part wants to do something useful but his personal wants and desires seem to the furthest thing from his father's mind. First broadcast: April 8, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_An_Experiment_in_Education_Episode_2
The young Prince Albert, called Bertie by members of the family, is not having a particularly happy childhood. The elder Prince Albert has very definite views about his son's education including the need for non-stop work, both in the classroom and out, and very strict discipline. Bertie rebels but the only solution seems to be ever more discipline. He's clearly a disappointment to his father who had hoped his son would be a new kind of leader, a scholar who knows and understands the world but that is clearly not to be, at least not to his satisfaction. He soon dismisses his eldest son and spends most of his time ensuring the happiness of his eldest daughter Princess Victoria, known as Vicky. Her marriage is something of a sad time for the Queen and the Prince Consort as they miss her greatly and Bertie feels that he cannot replace his sister in their hearts. Bertie for his part wants to do something useful but his personal wants and desires seem to the furthest thing from his father's mind. First broadcast: April 8, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 8062
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Royal Quadrille (Episode 8)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:30
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Bertie visits Denmark along with the Russian Tsar and the King of Greece. He also visits his sister Vicky and her husband Fritz, the Crown Prince of Prussia. Vicky is concerned about her son William who she knows will some day be Emperor and has fallen under the spell of Bismarck, whom they dislike with a passion. When the British intervene to put down a mutiny in the Egyptian army, Bertie very much wants to join his Regiment but the Queen will not hear of it. Bertie continues his liaison with Lillie Langtry. Prime Minister William Gladstone asks the Prince to serve on a Royal Commission on the state of housing for the working classes. Bertie tours some of the poorest districts and is appalled at the conditions that he finds there. First broadcast: May 20, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_The_Royal_Quadrille_Episode_8
Bertie visits Denmark along with the Russian Tsar and the King of Greece. He also visits his sister Vicky and her husband Fritz, the Crown Prince of Prussia. Vicky is concerned about her son William who she knows will some day be Emperor and has fallen under the spell of Bismarck, whom they dislike with a passion. When the British intervene to put down a mutiny in the Egyptian army, Bertie very much wants to join his Regiment but the Queen will not hear of it. Bertie continues his liaison with Lillie Langtry. Prime Minister William Gladstone asks the Prince to serve on a Royal Commission on the state of housing for the working classes. Bertie tours some of the poorest districts and is appalled at the conditions that he finds there. First broadcast: May 20, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 10137
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Invisible Queen (Episode 6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:11
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Bertie's family continues to grow but Princess Alix is not strong and suffers from general ill health including a bout with rheumatic fever. Politics continues to cause a rift in the family with Princess Alix refusing to see or have anything to do with Bertie's Prussian relations after the forced annexation of parts of Denmark. It all comes to a head when the King of Prussia asks to call on her. Queen Victoria continues to refuse all public engagements. Bertie finds himself in court as a witness in a divorce case involving a lady with whom he was acquainted. The defeat of the French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War leads to a rise in Republicanism. Prime Minister Gladstone tries to have the Queen appoint Bertie as Viceroy to Ireland but she rejects the suggestion. Everyone expects the worst when Bertie contracts typhoid and approaches death on the 10th anniversary of his father dying from the same disease. Victoria and Bertie are critical of Prussia after the war with Denmark and the war with Austria. Victoria appreciates her consultations with Disraeli. She is pleased by the French withdrawal from Mexico but chagrined by the death of Emperor Maximilian. First broadcast: May 6, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_The_Invisible_Queen_Episode_6
Bertie's family continues to grow but Princess Alix is not strong and suffers from general ill health including a bout with rheumatic fever. Politics continues to cause a rift in the family with Princess Alix refusing to see or have anything to do with Bertie's Prussian relations after the forced annexation of parts of Denmark. It all comes to a head when the King of Prussia asks to call on her. Queen Victoria continues to refuse all public engagements. Bertie finds himself in court as a witness in a divorce case involving a lady with whom he was acquainted. The defeat of the French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War leads to a rise in Republicanism. Prime Minister Gladstone tries to have the Queen appoint Bertie as Viceroy to Ireland but she rejects the suggestion. Everyone expects the worst when Bertie contracts typhoid and approaches death on the 10th anniversary of his father dying from the same disease. Victoria and Bertie are critical of Prussia after the war with Denmark and the war with Austria. Victoria appreciates her consultations with Disraeli. She is pleased by the French withdrawal from Mexico but chagrined by the death of Emperor Maximilian. First broadcast: May 6, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 8962
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: Scandal (Episode 9)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:19
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Bertie faces scandal on two fronts. He agrees to assist Lady Brooke to retrieve a letter she wrote to her one-time lover, Lord Charles Beresford. She is now terrified that Lady Beresford will take some action against her. Bertie somewhat ham-handedly calls on Lady Beresford's lawyer and orders him to destroy it. The lawyer refuses but does agree to ask his client to. He then calls on Lady Beresford with the same request. When Charles Beresford hears of the Prince's action, he hits the roof. Bertie is relieved that Beresford will soon be returning to his posting in the Mediterranean. But after the matter had appeared long settled, Bertie faces demands for an apology with the threat of making the whole thing public. A second scandal erupts when Lt. Col. Sir William Gordon Cumming is found cheating at baccarat, an illegal card game. The Prince and others try to settle the matter quietly but Cumming sues to regain his good name and reputation and it all becomes public. Alix and Bertie encourage their eldest son, Prince Eddy, to find a suitable young woman and marry. An early choice is unable to convert from Catholicism. Although he does eventually find someone, Princess May, he falls ill and dies. First broadcast: May 27, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_Scandal_Episode_9
Bertie faces scandal on two fronts. He agrees to assist Lady Brooke to retrieve a letter she wrote to her one-time lover, Lord Charles Beresford. She is now terrified that Lady Beresford will take some action against her. Bertie somewhat ham-handedly calls on Lady Beresford's lawyer and orders him to destroy it. The lawyer refuses but does agree to ask his client to. He then calls on Lady Beresford with the same request. When Charles Beresford hears of the Prince's action, he hits the roof. Bertie is relieved that Beresford will soon be returning to his posting in the Mediterranean. But after the matter had appeared long settled, Bertie faces demands for an apology with the threat of making the whole thing public. A second scandal erupts when Lt. Col. Sir William Gordon Cumming is found cheating at baccarat, an illegal card game. The Prince and others try to settle the matter quietly but Cumming sues to regain his good name and reputation and it all becomes public. Alix and Bertie encourage their eldest son, Prince Eddy, to find a suitable young woman and marry. An early choice is unable to convert from Catholicism. Although he does eventually find someone, Princess May, he falls ill and dies. First broadcast: May 27, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 9021
- author: WeirdScience1990s
King Edward VII (1841-1910) - A Life on Film
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:21
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king is seen: [1] Out shooting pheasants [2] Mounted on a horse [3] Getting into a carriage with Queen Alexandra [4] Riding in a carriage with Queen Alexandra [5] At Royal Ascot [6] Planting a tree for some occasion [7] At the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, with Kaiser Wilhelm 11 and others [8] Going to his coronation in 1902 in the gilded coach [9] Visiting Paris in 1904 [10] Launching 'The Dreadnought' in 1906 The final footage is of the funeral procession of King Edward VII.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_1841-1910_A_Life_on_Film
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king is seen: [1] Out shooting pheasants [2] Mounted on a horse [3] Getting into a carriage with Queen Alexandra [4] Riding in a carriage with Queen Alexandra [5] At Royal Ascot [6] Planting a tree for some occasion [7] At the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, with Kaiser Wilhelm 11 and others [8] Going to his coronation in 1902 in the gilded coach [9] Visiting Paris in 1904 [10] Launching 'The Dreadnought' in 1906 The final footage is of the funeral procession of King Edward VII.
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 5545
- author: Nick Wallace-Smith
Edward the Seventh: A Hundred Thousand Welcomes (Episode 5)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:10
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
With Queen Victoria in mourning, the Cabinet is concerned that her withdrawal from public duties will have a negative impact on her people. As a result, Bertie assumes many of the public duties of the monarch. He proves to be quite popular and works hard at maintaining the positive face of the monarchy. It is not quite what Bertie has in mind but the Queen refuses any role for him in matters of State. She sees him as an utter failure and refuses to let him participate in any decision-making. The Queen also decides that there is no need to wait the full year of mourning before he can marry and she pushes him to decide on Alix. He and Princess Alix are married and she soon after announces that she is expecting. Victoria has strong opinions about the Greek succession. The long-simmering problems between Denmark and Prussia lead to conflict within the family and finally an outbreak of war. First broadcast: April 29, 1975.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_A_Hundred_Thousand_Welcomes_Episode_5
With Queen Victoria in mourning, the Cabinet is concerned that her withdrawal from public duties will have a negative impact on her people. As a result, Bertie assumes many of the public duties of the monarch. He proves to be quite popular and works hard at maintaining the positive face of the monarchy. It is not quite what Bertie has in mind but the Queen refuses any role for him in matters of State. She sees him as an utter failure and refuses to let him participate in any decision-making. The Queen also decides that there is no need to wait the full year of mourning before he can marry and she pushes him to decide on Alix. He and Princess Alix are married and she soon after announces that she is expecting. Victoria has strong opinions about the Greek succession. The long-simmering problems between Denmark and Prussia lead to conflict within the family and finally an outbreak of war. First broadcast: April 29, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 9574
- author: WeirdScience1990s
King Edward VII & Queen Alexandra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:25
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Queen_Alexandra
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra.
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 4664
- author: dafilmclub
NUS Rag Day 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 30 Jun 2012
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympic Flame Arrival Celebrations as a prelude to the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Rag Day 2010 Theme: Splendour Video taken using handheld camcorder due to illogical restrictions imposed by some YOG personnel despite the possession of the NUSSU Media Pass. Uploaded on behalf of KE Media X, King Edward VII Hall, NUS.
http://wn.com/NUS_Rag_Day_2010_King_Edward_VII_Hall_KE_Soul_Korea
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympic Flame Arrival Celebrations as a prelude to the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Rag Day 2010 Theme: Splendour Video taken using handheld camcorder due to illogical restrictions imposed by some YOG personnel despite the possession of the NUSSU Media Pass. Uploaded on behalf of KE Media X, King Edward VII Hall, NUS.
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 7174
- author: KP Chen
NUS Rag Day - King Edward VII Hall Rag Performance 0910
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
Best Overall Float! Congratulations, KE7! Do contact us at eusoffworks@eusoff.nus.edu.sg for the raw clips if needed. www.eusoff.nus.edu.sg
http://wn.com/NUS_Rag_Day_King_Edward_VII_Hall_Rag_Performance_0910
Best Overall Float! Congratulations, KE7! Do contact us at eusoffworks@eusoff.nus.edu.sg for the raw clips if needed. www.eusoff.nus.edu.sg
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 2009
- author: eusoffworks
Elgar/Second Symphony/Larghetto + King Edward VII's Funeral
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:51
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Larghetto from Sir Edward Elgar's Second Symphony (1910), recorded by Sir John Barbirolli conducting the Hallé Orchestra in 1964. Early in 1910, Sir Edward Elgar designed his Second Symphony as a "loyal tribute" to his sovereign, King Edward VII. Sadly, the king died, on 6th May of that year. So the tribute became a memorial, and the second movement, "Larghetto," became a funeral march. I combine that second movement, here, with video footage of Edward VII's funeral procession, recently made available by the Library of Congress, which I include here complete, plus some vintage paintings & photos. An interesting feature of the funeral procession was the special place given to the late king's fox terrier, Caesar, led by a highland soldier, just after the king's riderless horse. I have provided several photos, but little Caesar is hard to find in the videos. If you look really closely, you can see him trotting along from 6:14 to 6:18. Allegedly, Kaiser Wilhelm II was offended by this precedence given to a dog, further fuelling the fever that led to The Great War, four years later. Viewer's guide: 1:30: I'm guessing that the carriage which first hoves into view at this point carries the late king's widow, Queen (now Queen Mother) Alexandra. The procession includes a remarkable number of monarchs - the kings on horseback, the queens in carriages. 2:45 - 5:00: a photo-montage, following ...
http://wn.com/Elgar_Second_Symphony_Larghetto_+_King_Edward_VII's_Funeral
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Larghetto from Sir Edward Elgar's Second Symphony (1910), recorded by Sir John Barbirolli conducting the Hallé Orchestra in 1964. Early in 1910, Sir Edward Elgar designed his Second Symphony as a "loyal tribute" to his sovereign, King Edward VII. Sadly, the king died, on 6th May of that year. So the tribute became a memorial, and the second movement, "Larghetto," became a funeral march. I combine that second movement, here, with video footage of Edward VII's funeral procession, recently made available by the Library of Congress, which I include here complete, plus some vintage paintings & photos. An interesting feature of the funeral procession was the special place given to the late king's fox terrier, Caesar, led by a highland soldier, just after the king's riderless horse. I have provided several photos, but little Caesar is hard to find in the videos. If you look really closely, you can see him trotting along from 6:14 to 6:18. Allegedly, Kaiser Wilhelm II was offended by this precedence given to a dog, further fuelling the fever that led to The Great War, four years later. Viewer's guide: 1:30: I'm guessing that the carriage which first hoves into view at this point carries the late king's widow, Queen (now Queen Mother) Alexandra. The procession includes a remarkable number of monarchs - the kings on horseback, the queens in carriages. 2:45 - 5:00: a photo-montage, following ...
- published: 20 May 2011
- views: 3966
- author: vinteui1
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history. During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between the UK and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history. During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between the UK and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
- published: 22 Dec 2010
- views: 11275
- author: Lost Splendour
Edward the Seventh: Good Old Teddy! (Episode 13)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:25
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
The King enters his final years in general ill health. He smokes too much and has put on too much weight. Britain concludes the Triple Entente, concluding a pact with France and Russia but are aware that the German Kaiser, the King's nephew, will inevitably see it as an affront to Germany. Willie still visits his uncle and appears sincere in his love of family and of Britain. His on-going re-armament of the German army and navy is clearly seen as a threat against the United Kingdom. As a counter-balance the King and Queen set off on a trip to Russia to visit her nephew, the Czar. Having to yet again make amends with Willie, the King visits Germany but it takes a serious toll on his health. Domestically, the King is thrust into a constitutional crisis when the House of Lords refuses to pass a budget approved by the House of Commons. The King's bronchitis worsens and he succumbs on May 6, 1910.
http://wn.com/Edward_the_Seventh_Good_Old_Teddy!_Episode_13
The King enters his final years in general ill health. He smokes too much and has put on too much weight. Britain concludes the Triple Entente, concluding a pact with France and Russia but are aware that the German Kaiser, the King's nephew, will inevitably see it as an affront to Germany. Willie still visits his uncle and appears sincere in his love of family and of Britain. His on-going re-armament of the German army and navy is clearly seen as a threat against the United Kingdom. As a counter-balance the King and Queen set off on a trip to Russia to visit her nephew, the Czar. Having to yet again make amends with Willie, the King visits Germany but it takes a serious toll on his health. Domestically, the King is thrust into a constitutional crisis when the House of Lords refuses to pass a budget approved by the House of Commons. The King's bronchitis worsens and he succumbs on May 6, 1910.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 9547
- author: WeirdScience1990s
Duchess of Cambridge leaves King Edward VII Hospital
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:34
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
he Duchess of Cambridge has been discharged from the King Edward VII Hospital and will now head to Kensington Palace for a period of rest. Their Royal Highnesses would like to thank the staff at the hospital for the care and treatment The Duchess has received
http://wn.com/Duchess_of_Cambridge_leaves_King_Edward_VII_Hospital
he Duchess of Cambridge has been discharged from the King Edward VII Hospital and will now head to Kensington Palace for a period of rest. Their Royal Highnesses would like to thank the staff at the hospital for the care and treatment The Duchess has received
- published: 06 Dec 2012
- views: 47819
- author: Mrkjdavies27
Nathaniel wins the King Edward VII Stakes at Royal Ascot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:13
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
Owner: Lady Rothschild Trainer: John Gosden Jockey: William Buick
http://wn.com/Nathaniel_wins_the_King_Edward_VII_Stakes_at_Royal_Ascot
Owner: Lady Rothschild Trainer: John Gosden Jockey: William Buick
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 985
- author: Racing871000
King Edward VII
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Edward VII (1841 -- 1910), King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions and Emperor of India 1901-1910, heir of Queen Victoria and first monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He gave his name to an age, particularly the fashionable trends of well-to-do gentlemen. He expanded and modernized the Royal Navy, allied with France and used diplomacy to encircle Germany, the King predicting that they would provoke a war.
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII
Edward VII (1841 -- 1910), King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions and Emperor of India 1901-1910, heir of Queen Victoria and first monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He gave his name to an age, particularly the fashionable trends of well-to-do gentlemen. He expanded and modernized the Royal Navy, allied with France and used diplomacy to encircle Germany, the King predicting that they would provoke a war.
- published: 22 Sep 2011
- views: 2066
- author: MadMonarchist
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012.wmv
http://wn.com/King_Edward_VII_Stakes_G2_Thomas_Chippendale_ROYAL_ASCOT_2012
King Edward VII Stakes G2 - Thomas Chippendale - ROYAL ASCOT 2012.wmv
- published: 02 Jul 2012
- views: 601
- author: Ali Dammas
9:43
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 1)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdo...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 1)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 1)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 1
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 34158
- author: maxvonmillion
9:25
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 2)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdo...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 2)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 2)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 2
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 24707
- author: maxvonmillion
9:58
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 3)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdo...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (Part 3)
Peter Dow's website - http://scot.tk
For Freedom Forums - http://figh.tk
The United Kingdom's Nazi King. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
The UK's Nazi King Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor: German, Fascist, Appeaser, Spy, Traitor & Enemy of Britain. (The Republican Cut - Part 3)
Edited version of "Britain's Nazi King" broadcast on British TV, Channel 5, 16th July 2009.
Part 3
-------
The For Freedom Forums -
http://figh.tk
----
Peter Dow's Scottish National Standard Bearer website
http://scot.tk
Peter Dow TV - Join This Viewers Group
http://www.youtube.com/groups_videos?name=pdviewers
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 17226
- author: maxvonmillion
9:36
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 89332
- author: maxvonmillion
8:55
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 48864
- author: maxvonmillion
10:01
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 49295
- author: maxvonmillion
7:44
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 44620
- author: maxvonmillion
9:06
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 31235
- author: maxvonmillion
9:58
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 29489
- author: maxvonmillion
9:45
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 26893
- author: maxvonmillion
9:45
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 25622
- author: maxvonmillion
7:41
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 24189
- author: maxvonmillion
8:33
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27936
- author: maxvonmillion
6:49
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 27588
- author: maxvonmillion
Vimeo results:
3:30
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible a...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: Civica Group
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
26:22
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophi...
published: 24 Feb 2009
author: World Match Racing Tour
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophies in the world. Sailed in IOD's on beutiful Hamilton harbour it's the event that everyone wants to win. Shifty gusty conditions met the 24 teams vying to take home the gold. The production is by 1080 Media and was commisioned by the WMRT. Copyright is owned by the WMRT and this video is uploaded with their permission.
0:59
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom...
published: 09 May 2009
author: Michal
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom festival.
4:32
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: Gephaudio
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital
Youtube results:
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 62586
- author: maxvonmillion
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 38135
- author: maxvonmillion
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 35514
- author: maxvonmillion
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 28 Feb 2011
author: maxvonmillion
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 28 Feb 2011
- views: 33961
- author: maxvonmillion
29:32
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 1 of 2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 1 of 2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 120743
- author: andreeaSim5439
29:53
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 2 of 2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Windsor Castle - 2 of 2
Fiona Bruce visits Windsor Castle, the world's oldest and largest inhabited castle, dating back to the 11th century. Taking more than a thousand years to reach its familiar look, it has been a fortress, a home to medieval chivalry, a baroque palace, and finally a romantic fantasy.
From the bowels of the Castle to the heights of the battlements, Fiona encounters all manner of royal treasures - from the musket ball that killed a naval hero to table decorations in gold and silver and encrusted with jewels; from the triple-headed portrait of a king who lost his head to Queen Mary's Dolls' House with running taps, and a secret garden hidden in a drawer. All of this was almost lost in the disastrous fire of 1992.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 80490
- author: andreeaSim5439
29:21
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 1 of 2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Pa...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 1 of 2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 61094
- author: andreeaSim5439
29:28
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 2 of 2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Pa...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
The Queen's Palaces - Holyroodhouse - 2 of 2
Britain's least well-known royal palace and yet probably the most romantic, Edinburgh's Palace of Holyroodhouse sits in the shadow of the dormant volcano Arthur's Seat.
It is also one of Britain's smallest palaces and yet events at Holyrood have determined the fate of three countries - England, France and Scotland. It was also the last place where a royal prince challenged the right of an English king to sit on the throne.
Fiona Bruce discovers remarkable objects from the Royal Collection that are intimately bound to the Palace's turbulent history - from the spectacular Darnley Jewel with its many hidden messages to the cat-and-mouse needlework of a doomed queen.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 37781
- author: andreeaSim5439
58:50
The Queens Palaces Buckingham Palace
The Queen has three official residences - the best known, Buckingham Palace; the oldest, W...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
The Queens Palaces Buckingham Palace
The Queen has three official residences - the best known, Buckingham Palace; the oldest, Windsor Castle; and the most romantic, Palace of Holyroodhouse. Among the few working royal palaces in the world today, they serve as both family homes and as the setting for the business of Monarchy. Each has its own distinctive story - long histories that reflect good and bad times, triumph and tragedy and, of course, the lives of some of our most memorable kings and queens. But they all share certain features - incredible collections of treasures that reflect both the tastes of their occupants and the artistic development of the nation, and architecture that has evolved across the centuries to meet the needs of different ages, reflecting the story of Britain and its people like no other buildings.
Buckingham Palace may be just about the most famous building in the world, but its story is much less familiar. Fiona Bruce reveals how England's most spectacular palace emerged from a swampy backwater in just 300 years. The journey of discovery takes her from the sewers of London to the magnificent State Rooms; from a home for camels and elephants to the artistic brilliance of C18th-century Venice; and from a prince's Chinese fantasy to the secret of how the Palace's glittering chandeliers are cleaned today.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 184642
- author: andreeaSim5439
14:27
Balmoral Castle 1 of 4
Balmoral Castle...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Balmoral Castle 1 of 4
Balmoral Castle
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 65085
- author: andreeaSim5439
14:29
Balmoral Castle 2 of 4
Balmoral Castle...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Balmoral Castle 2 of 4
Balmoral Castle
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 21746
- author: andreeaSim5439
14:58
Balmoral Castle 3 of 4
Balmoral Castle...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Balmoral Castle 3 of 4
Balmoral Castle
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 28548
- author: andreeaSim5439
14:44
Balmoral Castle 4 of 4
Balmoral Castle...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Balmoral Castle 4 of 4
Balmoral Castle
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 28142
- author: andreeaSim5439
30:13
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 1 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 74965
- author: andreeaSim5439
28:24
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
Victoria:A Royal Love Story - part 2 of 2
[reloaded as 2 part]
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 27993
- author: andreeaSim5439
12:18
St. Petersburg Church on Spilled Blood.mov
http://www.tourvideos.com St. Petersburg 2010 Church on Spilled Blood is the most Russian...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
St. Petersburg Church on Spilled Blood.mov
http://www.tourvideos.com St. Petersburg 2010 Church on Spilled Blood is the most Russian-looking major building in town, with its wild, colorful spires similar to the famous St. Basil in Moscow's Red Square. St. Petersburg. It was built in the Russian Revival style as a memorial to Czar Alexander II, who was assassinated here by a terrorist bomb in 1881.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 3556
- author: andreeaSim5439
30:56
King Edward VII - Part 1
King Edward VII - Part 1...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
King Edward VII - Part 1
King Edward VII - Part 1
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 52217
- author: andreeaSim5439
27:13
King Edward VII - Part 2
King Edward VII - Part 2...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
King Edward VII - Part 2
King Edward VII - Part 2
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 25483
- author: andreeaSim5439
Vimeo results:
3:30
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible a...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: Civica Group
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
26:22
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophi...
published: 24 Feb 2009
author: World Match Racing Tour
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophies in the world. Sailed in IOD's on beutiful Hamilton harbour it's the event that everyone wants to win. Shifty gusty conditions met the 24 teams vying to take home the gold. The production is by 1080 Media and was commisioned by the WMRT. Copyright is owned by the WMRT and this video is uploaded with their permission.
0:59
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom...
published: 09 May 2009
author: Michal
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom festival.
4:32
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: Gephaudio
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital
Youtube results:
9:54
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (1/5)
This documentary has its faults. For a clear account of what really occurred and their liv...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (1/5)
This documentary has its faults. For a clear account of what really occurred and their lives, I would strongly recommend "George, Nicholas, Whilhelm" by Miranda Carter.
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 38091
- author: andreeaSim5439
9:53
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (2/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselve...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (2/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 15848
- author: andreeaSim5439
10:00
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (3/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselve...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (3/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 13110
- author: andreeaSim5439
9:47
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (4/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselve...
published: 01 Apr 2012
author: andreeaSim5439
George, Nicholas, Wilhelm: Three Royal Cousins (4/5)
A look at the incredible story of Queen Victoria's three first cousins who found themselves at the centre of a family feud and a global war when she died in 1901.
- published: 01 Apr 2012
- views: 10124
- author: andreeaSim5439
9:36
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 1 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 89332
- author: quicheazal
8:55
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 2 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 48864
- author: quicheazal
10:01
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 3 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 49295
- author: quicheazal
7:44
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 4 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 44620
- author: quicheazal
9:06
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 5 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 31235
- author: quicheazal
9:58
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 6 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 29489
- author: quicheazal
9:45
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 7 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 26893
- author: quicheazal
9:45
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 8 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 25622
- author: quicheazal
7:41
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 9 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 24189
- author: quicheazal
8:33
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 10 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27936
- author: quicheazal
6:49
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995....
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Edward VIII The Traitor King (part 11 of 11)
Was Edward a Nazi sympathiser? Channel 4 documentary from 1995.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 27588
- author: quicheazal
14:37
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (1/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (1/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 9850
- author: quicheazal
14:59
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (2/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (2/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 6137
- author: quicheazal
12:38
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (3/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
Historian Andrew Roberts - King Edward VIII (3/3)
http://www.andrew-roberts.net/
Edward VIII is remembered as the British King who gave up the throne to marry the woman he loved: American divorcee Wallis Simpson. Declassified FBI files suggest another story that Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson were pro-German, that they maintained contact with Nazi Germany early in the war and may have leaked secrets to the enemy, and that Hitler wanted to see Edward return to England as his puppet king.
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 4168
- author: quicheazal
Vimeo results:
3:30
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible a...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: Civica Group
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
26:22
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophi...
published: 24 Feb 2009
author: World Match Racing Tour
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophies in the world. Sailed in IOD's on beutiful Hamilton harbour it's the event that everyone wants to win. Shifty gusty conditions met the 24 teams vying to take home the gold. The production is by 1080 Media and was commisioned by the WMRT. Copyright is owned by the WMRT and this video is uploaded with their permission.
0:59
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom...
published: 09 May 2009
author: Michal
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom festival.
4:32
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: Gephaudio
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital
Youtube results:
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (1/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 62586
- author: quicheazal
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (2/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 38135
- author: quicheazal
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (3/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 35514
- author: quicheazal
7:11
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the ...
published: 20 May 2012
author: quicheazal
The Royal House of Windsor (4/10)
Dr David Starkey concludes his epic story of our monarchy with a special programme on the history of the House of Windsor.
Far from being stuck in the past, the story of the monarchy in the 20th Century has been one of re-invention. In the space of a few decades our Royal family changed its name, its image and the role it played in the life of the nation.
It embraced new technology and found new ways to engage with the people. As David Starkey reveals, this was a course of action that would take the monarchy to some of its greatest moments of triumph, but also sowed the seeds of its near destruction. But the British Monarchy still soldiers on!
- published: 20 May 2012
- views: 33961
- author: quicheazal
48:33
Prince John The Windsors Tragic Secret
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
Prince John The Windsors Tragic Secret
for more documentaries go to www.DocumentaryList.NET and donate or click an ad
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 127070
- author: DoubleMrE
45:52
Haemophilia and Porphyria - Royal diseases from Tainted Blood
The Royal family has had many instances of unexplained illnesses and premature death durin...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
Haemophilia and Porphyria - Royal diseases from Tainted Blood
The Royal family has had many instances of unexplained illnesses and premature death during it's history - George III's 'madness', the downfall of Mary Queen of Scots and Rasputin bringing down the Russian throne, can all be linked back to Queen Victoria.
This programme explores how, in trying to preserve the bloodline, the monarchy may have spread genetic disease far and wide - from Porphyria wreaking havoc with British royals to Haemophilia finding its way from Buckingham Palace, all the way to Moscow.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 80349
- author: DoubleMrE
58:44
King George And Queen Mary: The Royals Who Rescued the Monarchy (Part2 BBC)
A two-part portrait of Elizabeth II's grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, which ex...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
King George And Queen Mary: The Royals Who Rescued the Monarchy (Part2 BBC)
A two-part portrait of Elizabeth II's grandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, which examines the lasting legacy of the couple who rescued the monarchy from potential disaster, and whose influence persists to this day.
Episode two focuses on Queen Mary, who came from a relatively humble royal background, but was picked as a future queen consort by Queen Victoria. At first she was betrothed to Prince Eddy, heir to the throne. But when Eddy died she was unceremoniously passed to his brother George.
Despite the arranged marriage, King George and Queen Mary had a loving relationship. Mary revered the monarchy and obeyed her husband in all things - even the length of her dresses. She always put duty and service first. But when King George died in 1935, this once rigidly formal character emerged as a determined if eccentric royal matriarch with a mind of her own.
When the abdication crisis threatened the future of the House of Windsor she was the rock to which the nation turned as a symbol of stability and continuity. Queen Mary died in 1953, having lived to see her granddaughter, Elizabeth, ascend to the throne.
Part1 Here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk8CxBUSGFA
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 12153
- author: DoubleMrE
9:07
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 1/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 1/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 110165
- author: DoubleMrE
9:03
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 2/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 2/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 48007
- author: DoubleMrE
8:11
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 3/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 3/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 36165
- author: DoubleMrE
8:47
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 4/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 4/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 36258
- author: DoubleMrE
Vimeo results:
3:30
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible a...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: Civica Group
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
26:22
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophi...
published: 24 Feb 2009
author: World Match Racing Tour
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophies in the world. Sailed in IOD's on beutiful Hamilton harbour it's the event that everyone wants to win. Shifty gusty conditions met the 24 teams vying to take home the gold. The production is by 1080 Media and was commisioned by the WMRT. Copyright is owned by the WMRT and this video is uploaded with their permission.
0:59
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom...
published: 09 May 2009
author: Michal
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom festival.
4:32
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: Gephaudio
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital
Youtube results:
8:07
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 5/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 5/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 30588
- author: DoubleMrE
6:54
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 6/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Mor...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Queen - Behind the Mask (2000) 6/6
This is an old documentary on the Queen's life. The unofficial royal biographer Andrew Morton presents the unique documentary on Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Morton analyzes Elizabeth's life focusing on the major events that have made her the person she is today taking an objective look at how the Queen has balanced her personal and private and public lie from a very young age.
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 35975
- author: DoubleMrE
9:32
The Monarchy (1992) - 1 of 16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 1 of 16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 25495
- author: DoubleMrE
9:30
The Monarchy (1992) - 2 of 16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives...
published: 27 Jul 2012
author: DoubleMrE
The Monarchy (1992) - 2 of 16
This fascinating six-program series takes a searching look at the public and private lives of the British Royal Family. The six programs offer a revealing insight into the world's most famous family, looking at how the monarchy works, how it has evolved over the centuries and the challenges it faces in the present and in the future.
Includes six programs:
1) Pomp And Popularity
2) Crown And Country
3) The Wealth of the Windsors
4) The Power And The Glory
5) The Kingdom United
6) Long to reign over us
- published: 27 Jul 2012
- views: 12341
- author: DoubleMrE
52:12
Edward the Seventh: Alix (Episode 4)
Prince Bertie continues his military training but he is taken to deceiving his superiors a...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: Alix (Episode 4)
Prince Bertie continues his military training but he is taken to deceiving his superiors and sneaking off with his friends to the music halls. His parents continue their search to find Bertie a suitable wife. Their preference is for a German bride but eventually they settle on Princess Alexandra of Denmark, known to her family as Alix. A brief meeting is arranged for the two at the cathedral in Speyer, but no final decision is made. Relations with his father deteriorate even further when the Prince Consort receives a confidential letter from a friend telling of Bertie's dalliance with a music hall singer. Bertie is clearly a disappointment to his father, but the elder Prince Albert falls ill and dies of typhoid toward the end of 1861. Albert is concerned as trouble between Denmark and Prussia grows. Albert endeavours to avoid war with the United States. President Lincoln proposes an alliance with France to conquer Canada. First broadcast: April 22, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 14135
- author: WeirdScience1990s
30:56
King Edward VII - Part 1
King Edward VII - Part 1...
published: 01 Jun 2011
author: MyDigitalRealm
King Edward VII - Part 1
King Edward VII - Part 1
- published: 01 Jun 2011
- views: 51225
- author: MyDigitalRealm
51:36
Edward the Seventh: The Years of Waiting (Episode 10)
Britain finds itself at war in South Africa when British colonists attack the Transvaal go...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Years of Waiting (Episode 10)
Britain finds itself at war in South Africa when British colonists attack the Transvaal government. But Queen Victoria still refuses to let Bertie have any role in matters of State, so he reluctantly spends his time going to the races and as is so often the case, plays host to visiting relations, this time the Czar and Czarina of Russia at Balmoral. The King of Greece appeals to Alexandra for help against the invading Turks. The Queen celebrates her Diamond Jubilee; the event is recorded with a new invention which works by displaying a sequence of still photographs through a projector. Victoria is outraged that Gladstone's funeral is held at Westminster Abbey. The war with the Boers is unpopular on the Continent. Bertie is the object of an assassination attempt by a teenage anarchist in Brussels. Visitors to Victoria's sickbed include her grandson, the Kaiser. Queen Victoria dies on January 22, 1901 and Bertie becomes King Edward VII. First broadcast: June 3, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 11514
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:14
Edward the Seventh: King at Last (Episode 11)
After a nearly 60 year wait, Bertie becomes King upon the death of his mother Queen Victor...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: King at Last (Episode 11)
After a nearly 60 year wait, Bertie becomes King upon the death of his mother Queen Victoria. There is much speculation as to whether he is up to the job. The King's nephew, the German Kaiser, proposes an Anglo-German alliance and the King supports it but several of his Ministers simply do not take him seriously. Although now Queen, Alix is having some trouble adjusting to their new life, refusing to live at Buckingham Palace and reluctant to leave Marlborough House, the home designated for the Prince of Wales, their son George. The King's sister, Vicky -- the Kaiser's mother -- dies of cancer in Germany. Bertie is frustrated when his coronation is postponed due to the Boer War. When it is finally scheduled, it must be postponed again as the King must undergo emergency surgery to remove his appendix. The planned festivities for the populace proceed regardless. Finally, in a more modest ceremony, Bertie and Alix are crowned. First broadcast: June 10, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 18643
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:25
Edward the Seventh: The New World (Episode 3)
After a successful tour of President Buchanan's America, young Prince Bertie returns home ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The New World (Episode 3)
After a successful tour of President Buchanan's America, young Prince Bertie returns home to find that his parents do not see it as a personal success rather one that can be attributed to the monarchy in general. His father tells him he is to go to Oxford to continue his studies but will be under the care of a governor and will not be allowed to mix with other students. Bertie really wants to join the army but his father, at first, refuses, but eventually decides in his favor. He is made a Lieutenant Colonel in the Grenadier Guards and sent to Ireland to undergo his training. There he sees a few familiar faces and begins an affair with an Irish music hall performer. The situation in Italy creates a conflict for Albert with his relations in the Austrian court. Vicky's son Wilhelm is born with a damaged arm. States in the American South secede, raising the possibility of war. Victoria's mother, the Duchess of Kent, dies. First broadcast: April 15, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 6424
- author: WeirdScience1990s
51:21
Edward the Seventh: The Boy (Episode 1)
After only a year of marriage, Queen Victoria has not only given birth to a daughter but l...
published: 24 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Boy (Episode 1)
After only a year of marriage, Queen Victoria has not only given birth to a daughter but learns that she is again pregnant. The Queen takes her role seriously and is fully engaged in matters of State. She has an outstanding relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne and is concerned that her confinement will limit her abilities to rule. For her husband, Prince Albert, his limited role in the household causes friction in the marriage. He has no say in the hiring of the household staff or the way his child is cared for. More importantly he yearns for a role as an adviser in the political realm. The Queen dearly loves him and over time, he slowly establishes himself as the head of the household and becomes an indispensable adviser. The birth of their second child, Prince Albert Edward, provides the line with a male heir. Even though he's only still a baby, his father is already planning his education. First broadcast: April 1, 1975.
- published: 24 Mar 2012
- views: 17925
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:31
Edward the Seventh: An Experiment in Education (Episode 2)
The young Prince Albert, called Bertie by members of the family, is not having a particula...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: An Experiment in Education (Episode 2)
The young Prince Albert, called Bertie by members of the family, is not having a particularly happy childhood. The elder Prince Albert has very definite views about his son's education including the need for non-stop work, both in the classroom and out, and very strict discipline. Bertie rebels but the only solution seems to be ever more discipline. He's clearly a disappointment to his father who had hoped his son would be a new kind of leader, a scholar who knows and understands the world but that is clearly not to be, at least not to his satisfaction. He soon dismisses his eldest son and spends most of his time ensuring the happiness of his eldest daughter Princess Victoria, known as Vicky. Her marriage is something of a sad time for the Queen and the Prince Consort as they miss her greatly and Bertie feels that he cannot replace his sister in their hearts. Bertie for his part wants to do something useful but his personal wants and desires seem to the furthest thing from his father's mind. First broadcast: April 8, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 8062
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:30
Edward the Seventh: The Royal Quadrille (Episode 8)
Bertie visits Denmark along with the Russian Tsar and the King of Greece. He also visits h...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Royal Quadrille (Episode 8)
Bertie visits Denmark along with the Russian Tsar and the King of Greece. He also visits his sister Vicky and her husband Fritz, the Crown Prince of Prussia. Vicky is concerned about her son William who she knows will some day be Emperor and has fallen under the spell of Bismarck, whom they dislike with a passion. When the British intervene to put down a mutiny in the Egyptian army, Bertie very much wants to join his Regiment but the Queen will not hear of it. Bertie continues his liaison with Lillie Langtry. Prime Minister William Gladstone asks the Prince to serve on a Royal Commission on the state of housing for the working classes. Bertie tours some of the poorest districts and is appalled at the conditions that he finds there. First broadcast: May 20, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 10137
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:11
Edward the Seventh: The Invisible Queen (Episode 6)
Bertie's family continues to grow but Princess Alix is not strong and suffers from general...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: The Invisible Queen (Episode 6)
Bertie's family continues to grow but Princess Alix is not strong and suffers from general ill health including a bout with rheumatic fever. Politics continues to cause a rift in the family with Princess Alix refusing to see or have anything to do with Bertie's Prussian relations after the forced annexation of parts of Denmark. It all comes to a head when the King of Prussia asks to call on her. Queen Victoria continues to refuse all public engagements. Bertie finds himself in court as a witness in a divorce case involving a lady with whom he was acquainted. The defeat of the French Empire in the Franco-Prussian War leads to a rise in Republicanism. Prime Minister Gladstone tries to have the Queen appoint Bertie as Viceroy to Ireland but she rejects the suggestion. Everyone expects the worst when Bertie contracts typhoid and approaches death on the 10th anniversary of his father dying from the same disease. Victoria and Bertie are critical of Prussia after the war with Denmark and the war with Austria. Victoria appreciates her consultations with Disraeli. She is pleased by the French withdrawal from Mexico but chagrined by the death of Emperor Maximilian. First broadcast: May 6, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 8962
- author: WeirdScience1990s
52:19
Edward the Seventh: Scandal (Episode 9)
Bertie faces scandal on two fronts. He agrees to assist Lady Brooke to retrieve a letter s...
published: 26 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: Scandal (Episode 9)
Bertie faces scandal on two fronts. He agrees to assist Lady Brooke to retrieve a letter she wrote to her one-time lover, Lord Charles Beresford. She is now terrified that Lady Beresford will take some action against her. Bertie somewhat ham-handedly calls on Lady Beresford's lawyer and orders him to destroy it. The lawyer refuses but does agree to ask his client to. He then calls on Lady Beresford with the same request. When Charles Beresford hears of the Prince's action, he hits the roof. Bertie is relieved that Beresford will soon be returning to his posting in the Mediterranean. But after the matter had appeared long settled, Bertie faces demands for an apology with the threat of making the whole thing public. A second scandal erupts when Lt. Col. Sir William Gordon Cumming is found cheating at baccarat, an illegal card game. The Prince and others try to settle the matter quietly but Cumming sues to regain his good name and reputation and it all becomes public. Alix and Bertie encourage their eldest son, Prince Eddy, to find a suitable young woman and marry. An early choice is unable to convert from Catholicism. Although he does eventually find someone, Princess May, he falls ill and dies. First broadcast: May 27, 1975.
- published: 26 Mar 2012
- views: 9021
- author: WeirdScience1990s
7:21
King Edward VII (1841-1910) - A Life on Film
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king ...
published: 01 May 2011
author: Nick Wallace-Smith
King Edward VII (1841-1910) - A Life on Film
This is a compilation of some of film that exists of King Edward VII (1841-1910) The king is seen: [1] Out shooting pheasants [2] Mounted on a horse [3] Getting into a carriage with Queen Alexandra [4] Riding in a carriage with Queen Alexandra [5] At Royal Ascot [6] Planting a tree for some occasion [7] At the funeral of Queen Victoria in 1901, with Kaiser Wilhelm 11 and others [8] Going to his coronation in 1902 in the gilded coach [9] Visiting Paris in 1904 [10] Launching 'The Dreadnought' in 1906 The final footage is of the funeral procession of King Edward VII.
- published: 01 May 2011
- views: 5545
- author: Nick Wallace-Smith
52:10
Edward the Seventh: A Hundred Thousand Welcomes (Episode 5)
With Queen Victoria in mourning, the Cabinet is concerned that her withdrawal from public ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: WeirdScience1990s
Edward the Seventh: A Hundred Thousand Welcomes (Episode 5)
With Queen Victoria in mourning, the Cabinet is concerned that her withdrawal from public duties will have a negative impact on her people. As a result, Bertie assumes many of the public duties of the monarch. He proves to be quite popular and works hard at maintaining the positive face of the monarchy. It is not quite what Bertie has in mind but the Queen refuses any role for him in matters of State. She sees him as an utter failure and refuses to let him participate in any decision-making. The Queen also decides that there is no need to wait the full year of mourning before he can marry and she pushes him to decide on Alix. He and Princess Alix are married and she soon after announces that she is expecting. Victoria has strong opinions about the Greek succession. The long-simmering problems between Denmark and Prussia lead to conflict within the family and finally an outbreak of war. First broadcast: April 29, 1975.
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 9574
- author: WeirdScience1990s
10:25
King Edward VII & Queen Alexandra
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra....
published: 15 Jun 2012
author: dafilmclub
King Edward VII & Queen Alexandra
A short film about the lives of HM King Edward VII and HM Queen Alexandra.
- published: 15 Jun 2012
- views: 4664
- author: dafilmclub
Vimeo results:
3:30
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible a...
published: 24 Sep 2012
author: Civica Group
King Edward VII School, Sheffield
Jeremy Twyman, Assistant Head Teacher talks about Civica's ability to deliver a flexible and responsive managed IT service.
26:22
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophi...
published: 24 Feb 2009
author: World Match Racing Tour
WMRT 2008 King Edward VII Gold Cup
The King Edward VII Gold Cup is one of the oldest and most prestigious match racing trophies in the world. Sailed in IOD's on beutiful Hamilton harbour it's the event that everyone wants to win. Shifty gusty conditions met the 24 teams vying to take home the gold. The production is by 1080 Media and was commisioned by the WMRT. Copyright is owned by the WMRT and this video is uploaded with their permission.
0:59
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom...
published: 09 May 2009
author: Michal
Smoking Pot on King Edward VII
Stoner smoking on the statue of King Edward VII at Queens park, Toronto during the freedom festival.
4:32
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital...
published: 29 Aug 2011
author: Gephaudio
Journey to Work
Callhan Street to King Edward VII Memorial Hospital
Youtube results:
7:08
NUS Rag Day 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea)
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympi...
published: 06 Aug 2010
author: KP Chen
NUS Rag Day 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea)
NUS Rag 2010: King Edward VII Hall - KE Soul (Korea). In conjunction with the Youth Olympic Flame Arrival Celebrations as a prelude to the first Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Rag Day 2010 Theme: Splendour Video taken using handheld camcorder due to illogical restrictions imposed by some YOG personnel despite the possession of the NUSSU Media Pass. Uploaded on behalf of KE Media X, King Edward VII Hall, NUS.
- published: 06 Aug 2010
- views: 7174
- author: KP Chen
6:30
NUS Rag Day - King Edward VII Hall Rag Performance 0910
Best Overall Float! Congratulations, KE7! Do contact us at eusoffworks@eusoff.nus.edu.sg f...
published: 09 Aug 2009
author: eusoffworks
NUS Rag Day - King Edward VII Hall Rag Performance 0910
Best Overall Float! Congratulations, KE7! Do contact us at eusoffworks@eusoff.nus.edu.sg for the raw clips if needed. www.eusoff.nus.edu.sg
- published: 09 Aug 2009
- views: 2009
- author: eusoffworks
13:51
Elgar/Second Symphony/Larghetto + King Edward VII's Funeral
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Lar...
published: 20 May 2011
author: vinteui1
Elgar/Second Symphony/Larghetto + King Edward VII's Funeral
Pictures & video of King Edward VII & his funeral procession (1910) accompanied by the Larghetto from Sir Edward Elgar's Second Symphony (1910), recorded by Sir John Barbirolli conducting the Hallé Orchestra in 1964. Early in 1910, Sir Edward Elgar designed his Second Symphony as a "loyal tribute" to his sovereign, King Edward VII. Sadly, the king died, on 6th May of that year. So the tribute became a memorial, and the second movement, "Larghetto," became a funeral march. I combine that second movement, here, with video footage of Edward VII's funeral procession, recently made available by the Library of Congress, which I include here complete, plus some vintage paintings & photos. An interesting feature of the funeral procession was the special place given to the late king's fox terrier, Caesar, led by a highland soldier, just after the king's riderless horse. I have provided several photos, but little Caesar is hard to find in the videos. If you look really closely, you can see him trotting along from 6:14 to 6:18. Allegedly, Kaiser Wilhelm II was offended by this precedence given to a dog, further fuelling the fever that led to The Great War, four years later. Viewer's guide: 1:30: I'm guessing that the carriage which first hoves into view at this point carries the late king's widow, Queen (now Queen Mother) Alexandra. The procession includes a remarkable number of monarchs - the kings on horseback, the queens in carriages. 2:45 - 5:00: a photo-montage, following ...
- published: 20 May 2011
- views: 3966
- author: vinteui1
3:41
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom a...
published: 22 Dec 2010
author: Lost Splendour
King Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 -- 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history. During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services, and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between the UK and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
- published: 22 Dec 2010
- views: 11275
- author: Lost Splendour
photo: AP / Vahid Salemi
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In William Shakespeare's "Richard III," the king is shown facilitating the deaths of King Henry VI and his son Prince Edward; of Richard's brother George, Duke of Clarence (drowned in a butt of malmsey wine); of the Second Duke of Buckingham; of Richard's own wife, Anne Neville; and especially of the Princes in the Tower of London, the 12-year-old King Edward V and his 9-year-old brother Richard, Duke of York....(size: 5.1Kb)
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noodls
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From a Rapid Round of golf at Beacon Park and a Holiday Club at Burntwood Leisure Centre, through to Zumba at King Edward VI Leisure Centre and an indoor cycling course at Friary Grange Leisure Centre, families will be spoilt for choice ... King Edward VI Leisure Centre is inviting youngsters to play away at a Fun Session on Wednesday 20 February from 10.30am to 12pm....(size: 5.9Kb)
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Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and his pregnant wife Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge leave the King Edward VII hospital where The ......(size: 0.7Kb)
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For other uses, see Edward VII (disambiguation).
| Edward VII | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Coronation portrait | |
|
|
|
| Reign | 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 |
| Coronation | 9 August 1902 |
| Predecessor | Victoria |
| Successor | George V |
| Prime Ministers | See list |
| Imperial Durbar | 1 January 1903 |
| Spouse | Alexandra of Denmark |
| Issue | |
| Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence George V Louise, Princess Royal, Duchess of Fife Princess Victoria Maud, Queen of Norway Prince Alexander John of Wales |
|
| Full name | |
| Albert Edward | |
| House | House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| Father | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
| Mother | Victoria of the United Kingdom |
| Born | (1841-11-09)9 November 1841 Buckingham Palace, London, United Kingdom |
| Died | 6 May 1910(1910-05-06) (aged 68) Buckingham Palace, London, United Kingdom |
| Burial | 20 May 1910 St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle |
| Signature |  |
Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V.
Before his accession to the throne, he served as heir apparent and held the title of Prince of Wales for longer than any of his predecessors. During the long reign of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite.
The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services,[1] and the reorganisation of the British Army after the Second Boer War. Edward fostered good relations between Great Britain and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his efforts were unable to prevent the outbreak of World War I in 1914.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Edward was born at 10:48 in the morning on 9 November 1841 in Buckingham Palace.[2] His parents were Queen Victoria and her husband (and first cousin) Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He was christened Albert Edward (after his father, and maternal grandfather Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn) at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 25 January 1842.[3] He was known as Bertie to the family throughout his life.[4]
As the eldest son of the British sovereign, he was automatically Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay at birth. As a son of Prince Albert, he also held the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony. Queen Victoria created her son Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 8 December 1841. He was created Earl of Dublin on 17 January 1850, a Knight of the Garter on 9 November 1858, and a Knight of the Thistle on 24 May 1867.[5] In 1863, he renounced his succession rights to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in favour of his younger brother, Prince Alfred.[6]
Education[link]
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were determined that their eldest son should have an education that would prepare him to be a model constitutional monarch. At age seven, Edward embarked on a rigorous educational programme devised by Prince Albert, and supervised by several tutors. Unlike his elder sister, Edward did not excel in his studies. He tried to meet the expectations of his parents, but to no avail. Although Edward was not a diligent student—his true talents were those of charm, sociability and tact—Benjamin Disraeli described him as informed, intelligent and of sweet manner.[7]
After an educational trip to Rome, undertaken in the first few months of 1859, he spent the summer of that year studying at the University of Edinburgh under, amongst others, Lyon Playfair. In October he matriculated as an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford.[8] Now released from the educational strictures imposed by his parents, he enjoyed studying for the first time and performed satisfactorily in examinations.[9] In 1861, Edward transferred to Trinity College, Cambridge,[10] where he was tutored in history by Charles Kingsley, Regius Professor of Modern History.[11] Kingsley's efforts brought forth the best academic performances of Edward's life, and Edward actually looked forward to his lectures.[12]
Early adulthood[link]
In 1860, Edward undertook the first tour of North America by an heir to the British throne. His genial good humour and confident bonhomie made the tour a great success.[13] He inaugurated the Victoria Bridge, Montreal, across the St Lawrence River, and laid the cornerstone of Parliament Hill, Ottawa. He watched Charles Blondin traverse Niagara Falls by highwire, and stayed for three days with President James Buchanan at the White House. Buchanan accompanied the Prince to Mount Vernon, to pay his respects at the tomb of George Washington. Vast crowds greeted him everywhere. He met Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Oliver Wendell Holmes. Prayers for the royal family were said in Trinity Church, New York, for the first time since 1776.[13] The four-month tour throughout Canada and the United States considerably boosted Edward's confidence and self-esteem, and had many diplomatic benefits for Great Britain.[14]
Upon his return, Edward hoped to pursue a career in the British Army, but this was denied him because he was heir to the throne. His military ranks were honorary. In September 1861, Edward was sent to Germany, supposedly to watch military manoeuvres, but actually in order to engineer a meeting between him and Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the eldest daughter of Prince Christian of Denmark and his wife Louise. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had already decided that Edward and Alexandra should marry. They met at Speyer on 24 September under the auspices of his elder sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia.[15] Edward's elder sister, acting upon instructions from their mother, had met Princess Alexandra at Strelitz in June; the young Danish princess made a very favourable impression. Edward and Alexandra were friendly from the start; the meeting went well for both sides, and marriage plans advanced.[16]
From this time, Edward gained a reputation as a playboy. Determined to get some army experience, Edward attended manoeuvres in Ireland, during which an actress, Nellie Clifden, was hidden in his tent by his fellow officers. Prince Albert, though ill, was appalled and visited Edward at Cambridge to issue a reprimand. Albert died in December 1861 just two weeks after the visit. Queen Victoria was inconsolable, wore mourning clothes for the rest of her life and blamed Edward for his father's death. At first, she regarded her son with distaste as frivolous, indiscreet and irresponsible. She wrote to her eldest daughter, "I never can, or shall, look at him without a shudder."[17]
Marriage[link]
| British Royalty |
| House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha |
|---|
.svg) |
| Edward VII |
Once widowed, Queen Victoria effectively withdrew from public life. Shortly after Prince Albert's death, she arranged for Edward to embark on an extensive tour of the Middle East, visiting Egypt, Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut and Constantinople.[18] As soon as he returned to Britain, preparations were made for his engagement, which was sealed at Laeken in Belgium on 9 September 1862.[19] Edward and Alexandra married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 10 March 1863. Edward was 21; Alexandra was 18.
Edward and his wife established Marlborough House as their London residence and Sandringham House in Norfolk as their country retreat. They entertained on a lavish scale. Their marriage met with disapproval in certain circles because most of Queen Victoria's relations were German, and Denmark was at loggerheads with Germany over the territories of Schleswig and Holstein. When Alexandra's father inherited the throne of Denmark in November 1863, the German Confederation took the opportunity to invade and annex Schleswig-Holstein. Queen Victoria was of two minds whether it was a suitable match given the political climate.[20] After the couple's marriage, she expressed anxiety about their socialite lifestyle and attempted to dictate to them on various matters, including the names of their children.
Edward had mistresses throughout his married life. He socialised with actress Lillie Langtry; Lady Randolph Churchill (mother of Winston Churchill);[21] Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick; actress Sarah Bernhardt; noblewoman Susan Pelham-Clinton; singer Hortense Schneider; prostitute Giulia Barucci; wealthy humanitarian Agnes Keyser; and Alice Keppel. At least fifty-five liaisons are conjectured.[22] How far these relationships went is not always clear. Edward always strove to be discreet, but this did not prevent society gossip or press speculation.[23] One of Alice Keppel's great-granddaughters, Camilla Parker Bowles, became the mistress and subsequently wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, one of Edward's great-great grandsons. It was rumoured that Camilla's grandmother, Sonia Keppel (born in May 1900), was the illegitimate daughter of Edward, but she was "almost certainly" the daughter of George Keppel, whom she resembled.[24] Edward never acknowledged any illegitimate children.[25] Alexandra is believed to have been aware of many of his affairs and to have accepted them.[26]
In 1869, Sir Charles Mordaunt, a British Member of Parliament, threatened to name Edward as co-respondent in his divorce suit. Ultimately, he did not do so but Edward was called as a witness in the case in early 1870. It was shown that Edward had visited the Mordaunts' house while Sir Charles was away sitting in the House of Commons. Although nothing further was proven and Edward denied he had committed adultery, the suggestion of impropriety was damaging.[9][27]
Heir apparent[link]
During Queen Victoria's widowhood, Edward pioneered the idea of royal public appearances as we understand them today—for example, opening Thames Embankment in 1871, Mersey Tunnel in 1886, and Tower Bridge in 1894.[28] However, his mother did not allow Edward an active role in the running of the country until 1898.[1][29] He was sent summaries of important government documents, but she refused to give him access to the originals.[9] He annoyed his mother by siding with Denmark on the Schleswig-Holstein Question in 1864 (she was pro-German) and in the same year annoyed her again by making a special effort to meet Garibaldi.[30] Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone sent him papers secretly.[9]
File:TeDeumIllust.jpg
Victoria visits Edward during his illness
In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain was given a boost when the French Emperor, Napoleon III, was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and the French Third Republic was declared.[31] However, in the winter of 1871, a brush with death led to an improvement both in Edward's popularity with the public as well as in his relationship with his mother. While staying at Londesborough Lodge, near Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Edward contracted typhoid, the disease that was believed to have killed his father. There was great national concern, and one of his fellow guests (Lord Chesterfield) died. Edward's recovery was greeted with almost universal relief.[9] Public celebrations included the composition of Arthur Sullivan's Festival Te Deum. Edward cultivated politicians from all parties, including republicans, as his friends, and thereby largely dissipated any residual feelings against him.[32] From 1886, Foreign Secretary Lord Rosebery sent him Foreign Office despatches, and from 1892 some Cabinet papers were opened to him.[9]
In 1875, Edward set off for India on an extensive eight-month tour of the sub-continent. His advisors remarked on his habit of treating all people the same, regardless of their social station or colour. In letters home, he complained of the treatment of the native Indians by the British officials: "Because a man has a black face and a different religion from our own, there is no reason why he should be treated as a brute."[33] At the end of the tour, his mother was given the title Empress of India by Parliament, in part as a result of the tour's success.[34]
Edward was a patron of the arts and sciences and helped found the Royal College of Music. He opened the college in 1883 with the words, "Class can no longer stand apart from class ... I claim for music that it produces that union of feeling which I much desire to promote."[34] At the same time, he enjoyed gambling and country sports and was an enthusiastic hunter. He ordered all the clocks at Sandringham to run half an hour fast to create more time for shooting. This so-called tradition of Sandringham Time continued until 1936, when it was abolished by Edward VIII.[35] He also laid out a golf course at Windsor. By the 1870s the future king had taken a keen interest in horseracing and steeplechasing. In 1896, his horse Persimmon won both the Derby Stakes and the St. Leger Stakes. In 1900, Persimmon's brother, Diamond Jubilee, won five races (Derby, St. Leger, 2,000 Guineas Stakes, Newmarket Stakes and Eclipse Stakes)[36] and another of Edward's horses, Ambush II, won the Grand National.[37]
He was regarded worldwide as an arbiter of men's fashions.[38][39] He made wearing tweed, Homburg hats and Norfolk jackets fashionable, and popularised the wearing of black ties with dinner jackets, instead of white tie and tails.[40] He pioneered the pressing of trouser legs from side to side in preference to the now normal front and back creases,[41] and was thought to have introduced the stand-up turn-down shirt collar.[42] A stickler for proper dress, he is said to have admonished the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, for wearing the trousers of an Elder Brother of Trinity House with a Privy Councillor's coat. Deep in an international crisis, the Prime Minister informed the Prince of Wales that it had been a dark morning, and that "my mind must have been occupied by some subject of less importance."[43] The tradition of men not buttoning the bottom button of waistcoats is said to be linked to Edward, who supposedly left his undone due to his large girth.[9] His waist measured 48 inches (122 cm) shortly before his coronation.[44] He introduced the practice of eating roast beef, roast potatoes, horseradish sauce and yorkshire pudding on Sundays, which remains a staple British favourite for Sunday lunch.[45][46]
In 1891, Edward was embroiled in the Royal Baccarat Scandal, when it was revealed he had played an illegal card game for money the previous year. The Prince was forced to appear as a witness in court for a second time when one of the players unsuccessfully sued his fellow players for slander after being accused of cheating.[47] In the same year Edward was involved in a personal conflict, when Lord Charles Beresford threatened to reveal details of Edward's private life to the press, as a protest against Edward interfering with Beresford's affair with Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick. The friendship between the two men was irreversibly damaged and their bitterness would last for the remainder of their lives.[48] Usually, Edward's outbursts of temper were short-lived, and "after he had let himself go ... [he would] smooth matters by being especially nice".[49]
In 1892, Edward's eldest son, Albert Victor, was engaged to Princess Victoria Mary of Teck. Just a few weeks after the engagement, Albert Victor died of pneumonia. Edward was grief-stricken. "To lose our eldest son", he wrote, "is one of those calamities one can never really get over". Edward told Queen Victoria, "[I would] have given my life for him, as I put no value on mine".[50] Albert Victor was the second of Edward's children to die. In 1871, his youngest son, John, had died just 24 hours after being born. Edward had insisted on placing John in his coffin personally with "the tears rolling down his cheeks".[51]
On his way to Denmark through Belgium on 4 April 1900 Edward was the victim of an attempted assassination, when Jean-Baptiste Sipido shot at him in protest over the Boer War. Sipido escaped to France; the perceived delay of the Belgian authorities in applying for extradition, combined with British disgust at Belgian atrocities in the Congo, worsened the already poor relationship between the United Kingdom and the Continent. However, in the next ten years, Edward's affability and popularity, as well as his use of family connections, assisted Britain in building European alliances.[52]
Accession[link]
When Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, Edward became King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India and, in an innovation, King of the British Dominions.[53] He chose to reign under the name Edward VII, instead of Albert Edward—the name his mother had intended for him to use,[54] declaring that he did not wish to "undervalue the name of Albert" and diminish the status of his father with whom among royalty the name Albert should stand alone.[55] The number VII was occasionally omitted in Scotland, even by the national church, in deference to protests that the previous Edwards were English kings who had "been excluded from Scotland by battle".[9] J. B. Priestley recalled, "I was only a child when he succeeded Victoria in 1901, but I can testify to his extraordinary popularity. He was in fact the most popular king England had known since the earlier 1660s."[56]
He donated his parents' house, Osborne on the Isle of Wight, to the state and continued to live at Sandringham.[57] He could afford to be magnanimous; his private secretary, Sir Francis Knollys, claimed that he was the first heir to succeed to the throne in credit.[58] Edward's finances had been ably managed by Sir Dighton Probyn, Comptroller of the Household, and had benefited from advice from Edward's Jewish financier friends, such as Ernest Cassel, Maurice de Hirsch and the Rothschild family.[59] At a time of widespread anti-Semitism, Edward attracted criticism for openly socialising with Jews.[60]
Edward VII and Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 by the 80-year-old Archbishop of Canterbury, Frederick Temple, who died only four months later. Edward's coronation had originally been scheduled for 26 June, but two days before on 24 June, Edward was diagnosed with appendicitis.[61] Appendicitis was generally not treated operatively and carried a high mortality rate, but developments in anaesthesia and antisepsis in the preceding 50 years made life-saving surgery possible.[62] Sir Frederick Treves, with the support of Lord Lister, performed a then-radical operation of draining the appendix abscess through a small incision. The next day, Edward was sitting up in bed, smoking a cigar.[63] Two weeks later, it was announced that the King was out of danger. Treves was honoured with a baronetcy (which Edward had arranged before the operation)[64] and appendix surgery entered the medical mainstream.[62]
Edward refurbished the royal palaces, reintroduced the traditional ceremonies, such as the State Opening of Parliament, that his mother had forgone, and founded new orders of honours, such as the Order of Merit, to recognise contributions to the arts and sciences.[65] In 1902, the Shah of Persia, Mozzafar-al-Din, visited England expecting to receive the Order of the Garter. Edward refused to give this high honour to the Shah because the order was meant to be his personal gift and the Foreign Secretary, Lord Lansdowne, had promised the order without his consent. Edward also objected to inducting a Muslim into a Christian order of chivalry. His refusal threatened to damage British attempts to gain influence in Persia,[66] but Edward resented his ministers' attempts to reduce the King's traditional powers.[67] Eventually, he relented and Britain sent a special embassy to the Shah with a full Order of the Garter the following year.[68]
"Uncle of Europe"[link]
As king, Edward's main interests lay in the fields of foreign affairs and naval and military matters. Fluent in French and German, he made a number of visits abroad, and took annual holidays in Biarritz and Marienbad.[35] One of his most important foreign trips was an official visit to France in spring 1903 as the guest of President Émile Loubet. Following a visit to the Pope in Rome, this trip helped create the atmosphere for the Anglo-French Entente Cordiale, an agreement delineating British and French colonies in North Africa, and ruling out any future war between the two countries. The Entente was negotiated between the French foreign minister, Théophile Delcassé, and the British foreign secretary, Lord Lansdowne. Signed in London on 8 April 1904 by Lansdowne and the French ambassador Paul Cambon, it marked the end of centuries of Anglo-French rivalry and Britain's splendid isolation from Continental affairs, and attempted to counterbalance the growing dominance of the German Empire and its ally, Austria-Hungary.[69]
Edward was related to nearly every other European monarch and came to be known as the "uncle of Europe".[1] The German Emperor Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews; Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces; Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his son-in-law; George I of Greece and Frederick VIII of Denmark were his brothers-in-law; Albert I of Belgium, Charles I and Manuel II of Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins. Edward doted on his grandchildren, and indulged them, to the consternation of their governesses.[70] However, there was one relation whom Edward did not like and his difficult relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II, exacerbated the tensions between Germany and Britain.[71]
In April 1908, during Edward's annual stay at Biarritz, he accepted the resignation of British Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. In a break with precedent, Edward asked Campbell-Bannerman's successor, H. H. Asquith, to travel to Biarritz to kiss hands. Asquith complied, but the press criticised the action of the King in appointing a prime minister on foreign soil instead of returning to Britain.[72] In June 1908, Edward became the first reigning British monarch to visit the Russian Empire, despite refusing to visit in 1906, when Anglo-Russian relations were strained in the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, the Dogger Bank incident, and the Tsar's dissolution of the Duma.[73] The previous month, Edward visited the Scandinavian countries, becoming the first British monarch to visit Sweden.[74]
Political opinions[link]
Edward involved himself heavily in discussions over army reform, the need for which had become apparent with the failings of the Second Boer War. He supported the re-design of army command, the creation of the Territorial Army, and the decision to provide an Expeditionary Force supporting France in the event of war with Germany.[75] Reform of the Royal Navy was also suggested, partly due to the ever-increasing Naval Estimates, and because of the emergence of the Imperial German Navy as a new strategic threat.[76] Ultimately a dispute arose between Admiral Lord Charles Beresford, who favoured increased spending and a broad deployment, and the First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John Fisher, who favoured efficiency savings, scrapping obsolete vessels, and a strategic realignment of the Royal Navy relying on torpedo craft for home defence backed by the new dreadnoughts.[77] Edward lent support to Fisher, in part because he disliked Beresford, and eventually Beresford was dismissed. Beresford continued his campaign outside of the navy and Fisher ultimately announced his resignation in late 1909, although the bulk of his policies were retained.[78] The King was intimately involved in the appointment of Fisher's successor as the Fisher-Beresford feud had split the service, and the only truly qualified figure known to be outside of both camps was Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, who had retired in 1907.[79] Wilson was reluctant to return to active duty, but Edward persuaded him to do so, and Wilson became First Sea Lord on 25 January 1910.[80]
In the last year of his life, Edward became embroiled in a constitutional crisis when the Conservative majority in the House of Lords refused to pass the "People's Budget" proposed by the Liberal government of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. The King let Asquith know that he would only be willing to appoint additional peers, if necessary, to enable the budget's passage in the House of Lords, if Asquith won two successive general elections.[9][81]
Edward was rarely interested in politics, although his views on some issues were notably liberal for the time. During his reign he said use of the word nigger was "disgraceful" despite it then being in common parlance.[82] While Prince of Wales, he had to be dissuaded from breaking with constitutional precedent by openly voting for Gladstone's Representation of the People Bill (1884) in the House of Lords. On other matters he was less progressive: he did not, for example, favour giving votes to women,[9][83] although he did suggest that the social reformer Octavia Hill serve on the Commission for Working Class Housing.[84] He was also opposed to Irish Home Rule, instead preferring a form of dual monarchy.[9] Edward lived a life of luxury that was often far removed from that of the majority of his subjects. However, his personal charm with people at all levels of society and his strong condemnation of prejudice went some way to assuage republican and racial tensions building during his lifetime.[9]
Death[link]
Edward usually smoked twenty cigarettes and twelve cigars a day. Towards the end of his life he increasingly suffered from bronchitis.[9] In March 1910, the King was staying at Biarritz when he collapsed. He remained there to convalesce, while in London Asquith tried to get the Finance Bill passed. The King's continued ill-health was unreported and he attracted criticism for staying in France whilst political tensions were so high. On 27 April he returned to Buckingham Palace, still suffering from severe bronchitis. Alexandra returned from visiting her brother, King George I of Greece, in Corfu a week later on 5 May.
The following day, the King suffered several heart attacks, but refused to go to bed saying, "No, I shall not give in; I shall go on; I shall work to the end."[85] Between moments of faintness, the Prince of Wales (shortly to be King George V) told him that his horse, Witch of the Air, had won at Kempton Park that afternoon. The King replied, "I am very glad": his final words.[9] At 11:30 he lost consciousness for the last time and was put to bed. He died at 11:45 p.m.[85]
Legacy[link]
Further information: Royal eponyms in Canada
The lead ship of a new class of battleships, launched in 1903, was named in his honour. Many schools in England are named after Edward; two of the largest are in Melton Mowbray and Sheffield. King Edward VII School in Johannesburg, South Africa, is one of the oldest schools in that country, and was named in honour of Edward after his death. King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital in Mumbai, India, the King Edward Medical University in Pakistan, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women in Subiaco, Western Australia, and King Edward VII Hall at the National University of Singapore carry King Edward's name. The Parque Eduardo VII in Lisbon, King Edward Avenue in Vancouver, Rue Edouard VII in Paris and King Edward Cigars are also named after him.
Statues of Edward can be found throughout the former empire, such as those in Waterloo Place, London; Centenary Square, Birmingham; Union Street, Aberdeen; Queen's Park, Toronto; North Terrace, Adelaide; Franklin Square, Hobart; Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne; Phillips Square, Montreal and outside the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney.
Before his accession to the throne, Edward was the longest-serving heir apparent in British history, until surpassed by his great-great-grandson Charles, Prince of Wales, on 22 April 2011. As the title Prince of Wales is not exactly coincident with the position of heir apparent, he remains the longest-serving holder of that title, at 59 years, 45 days; Charles has held the title for &1000000000000005300000053 years, &10000000000000336000000336 days.
As king, Edward VII proved a greater success than anyone had expected, but he was already an old man and had little time left to fulfil the role. In his short reign, he ensured that his second son and heir, George V, was better prepared to take the throne. Contemporaries described their relationship as more like affectionate brothers than father and son,[86] and on Edward's death George wrote in his diary that he had lost his "best friend and the best of fathers ... I never had a [cross] word with him in my life. I am heart-broken and overwhelmed with grief".[87] Edward received criticism for his apparent pursuit of self-indulgent pleasure but he received great praise for his affable and kind good manners, and his diplomatic skill. As his grandson wrote, "his lighter side ... obscured the fact that he had both insight and influence."[88] "He had a tremendous zest for pleasure but he also had a real sense of duty", wrote J. B. Priestley.[89] Lord Esher wrote that Edward was "kind and debonair and not undignified – but too human".[90] Edward VII is buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. As Barbara Tuchman noted in The Guns of August, his funeral marked "the greatest assemblage of royalty and rank ever gathered in one place and, of its kind, the last".
Edward was lauded as "Peacemaker",[91] but had been afraid that his nephew, the German Emperor Wilhelm II, would tip Europe into war.[92] Four years after Edward's death, World War I broke out. The naval reforms and the Anglo-French alliance he had supported, as well as the relationships between his extended royal family, were put to the test.
Titles, styles, honours and arms[link]
| Royal styles of Edward VII of the United Kingdom |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Reference style | His Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
Titles and styles[link]
- 9 November – 8 December 1841: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
- 8 December 1841 – 22 January 1901: His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales
- 17 January 1850 – 22 January 1901: The Earl of Dublin
- 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Majesty The King
- with regard to India: His Imperial Majesty The King-Emperor
Honours[link]
- 9 November 1858: Knight of the Garter
- 24 May 1867: Knight of the Thistle
Arms[link]
As Prince of Wales, Edward's coat of arms was the royal arms differenced by a label of three points argent, and an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, representing his father. When he acceded as King, he gained the royal arms undifferenced.[93]
|
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.svg)
Issue[link]
For more details on this topic, see Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert.
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale | 8 January 1864 | 14 January 1892 | engaged 1891, to Princess Mary of Teck |
| George V | 3 June 1865 | 20 January 1936 | married 1893, Princess Mary of Teck; had issue |
| Louise, Princess Royal | 20 February 1867 | 4 January 1931 | married 1889, Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife; had issue |
| Princess Victoria | 6 July 1868 | 3 December 1935 | |
| Princess Maud | 26 November 1869 | 20 November 1938 | married 1896, Haakon VII, King of Norway; had issue |
| Prince Alexander John | 6 April 1871 | 7 April 1871 |
Ancestry[link]
See also[link]
Notes and sources[link]
- ^ a b c Edward VII, Official website of the British Monarchy, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/EdwardVII.aspx, retrieved 2 May 2010
- ^ Magnus, Philip (1964), King Edward The Seventh, London: John Murray, p. 1
- ^ His godparents were the King of Prussia, his paternal grandfather's wife the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (for whom the Duchess of Kent, his maternal grandmother, stood proxy), his great-uncle the Duke of Cambridge, his great-grandfather's wife the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg (for whom the Duchess of Cambridge, his great-aunt, stood proxy), his great-aunt the Princess Sophia (for whom Princess Augusta of Cambridge, his first cousin once-removed, stood proxy) and his great-uncle Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. London Gazette: no. 20065. p. 224. 28 January 1842.
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992), Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841–1910, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 1, ISBN 0-11-290508-0
- ^ Weir, Alison (1996), Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, Revised Edition, London: Random House, p. 319, ISBN 0-7126-7448-9
- ^ Van der Kiste, John (September 2004; online edition May 2007) "Alfred, Prince, duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/346, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required)
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 4
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 18
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2006) "Edward VII (1841–1910)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32975, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required)
- ^ Venn, J.; Venn, J. A., eds. (1922–1958). "Wales, H.R.H. Albert Edward, Prince of". Alumni Cantabrigienses (10 vols) (online ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 35.
- ^ Hough, Richard (1992), Edward and Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London: Hodder & Stoughton, pp. 36–37, ISBN 0-340-55825-3
- ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, pp. 20–34
- ^ Hough, pp. 39–47
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 36–38
- ^ Hough, pp. 64–66
- ^ Middlemas, Keith; Edited by Antonia Fraser (1972), The Life and Times of Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 31, ISBN 0-297-83189-5
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 40–42
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 44
- ^ Middlemas, p. 35
- ^ Letters written by Edward to Lady Randolph may have "signified no more than a flirtation" but were "[w]ritten in a strain of undue familiarity" (Hattersley, Roy (2004), The Edwardians, London: Little, Brown, p. 21, ISBN 0-316-72537-4 ).
- ^ Camp, Anthony (2007), Royal Mistresses and Bastards: Fact and Fiction, 1714–1936 . They are listed at http://anthonyjcamp.com/page9.htm.
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 74–80
- ^ Souhami, Diana (1996), Mrs Keppel and her daughter, London: HarpurCollins, p. 49
- ^ Ashley, Mike (1998), The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens, London: Robinson, pp. 694–695, ISBN 1-84119-096-9
- ^ Middlemas, p. 89
- ^ Priestley, J. B. (1970), The Edwardians, London: Heinemann, pp. 22–23, ISBN 0-434-60332-5
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 97
- ^ Hattersley, pp. 18–19
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 59–60
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 66
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 67 and Middlemas, pp. 48–52
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 101–102
- ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, p. 104
- ^ a b Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co, p. 46
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 110
- ^ Middlemas, p. 98
- ^ Bergner Hurlock, Elizabeth (1976), The psychology of dress: an analysis of fashion and its motive, Ayer Publishing, p. 108, ISBN 978-0-405-08644-1
- ^ Mansel, Philip (2005), Dressed to Rule, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 138, ISBN 0-300-10697-1
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 84
- ^ Middlemas, p. 201
- ^ "Try our "98'Curzons!" A few fashion hints for men", Otago Witness, 3 November 1898, http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW18981103.2.164, retrieved 5 May 2010, "It was actually the Prince of Wales who introduced this shape. He got them originally about eight years ago from a manufacturer called Charvet, in Paris."
- ^ Roberts, p. 35
- ^ Middlemas, p. 200 and Hattersley, p. 27
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 80
- ^ He was not a heavy drinker, though he did drink champagne and, occasionally, port (Hattersley, p. 27).
- ^ Hattersley, pp. 23–25
- ^ Middlemas, p. 86
- ^ Sir Frederick Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby, quoted in Middlemas, p. 188
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 95–96
- ^ Battiscombe, p. 112
- ^ Middlemas, p. 65
- ^ Middlemas, p. 104
- ^ No English or British sovereign has ever reigned under a double name.
- ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 27270. p. 547. 23 January 1901.
- ^ Priestley, p. 9
- ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 14
- ^ Lee, Sidney (1927), King Edward VII: A Biography, Macmillan, vol. II p. 26
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 38, 84, 96; Priestley, p. 32
- ^ Allfrey, Anthony (1991), King Edward VII and His Jewish Court, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-81125-8
- ^ Lee, vol. II, pp. 102–109
- ^ a b Mirilas, P. ; Skandalakis, J.E. (2003), "Not just an appendix: Sir Frederick Treves", Archives of Disease in Childhood 88 (6): 549–552, DOI:10.1136/adc.88.6.549, PMC 1763108, PMID 12765932
- ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 20
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 127
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 122–139
- ^ Hattersley, pp. 39–40
- ^ Lee, vol. II, p. 182
- ^ Lee, vol. II, p. 157; Middlemas, pp. 125–126
- ^ Nicolson, Harold (October 1954), "The Origins and Development of the Anglo-French Entente", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) XXX (4): 407–416
- ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 15
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 60–61 and pp. 172–175; Hattersley, pp. 460–464
- ^ Lee, vol. II, pp. 581–582
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 167, 169
- ^ Lee, vol. II, pp. 583–584
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 130–134
- ^ Kennedy, Paul M. (2004), The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, London: Penguin Books, pp. 215–216
- ^ See, principally, Lambert, Nicholas A. (2002), Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution, Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, ISBN 1-57003-492-3 For a much shorter summary of Fisher's reforms, see Grove, Eric J. (2005), The Royal Navy since 1815, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 88–100, ISBN 0-333-72126-8
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 134–139
- ^ Lambert, pp. 200–201.
- ^ Bradford, Admiral Sir Edward E. (1923), Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, London: John Murray, pp. 223–225
- ^ Hattersley, p. 168
- ^ Rose, Kenneth (1983), King George V, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 65
- ^ Hattersley, pp. 215–216
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 98
- ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, p. 151
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 155
- ^ King George V's diary, 6 May 1910. Royal Archives
- ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 69
- ^ Priestley, p. 25
- ^ Hattersley, p. 17
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 157; Lee, vol. II, p. 738
- ^ Middlemas, pp. 176, 179
- ^ Velde, François (19 April 2008), Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family, Heraldica, http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm, retrieved 2 May 2010
References[link]
- Battiscombe, Georgina (1969), Queen Alexandra, London: Constable, ISBN 0-09-456560-0
- Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992), Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841–1910, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, ISBN 0-11-290508-0
- Hattersley, Roy (2004), The Edwardians, London: Little, Brown, ISBN 0-316-72537-4
- Hough, Richard (1992), Edward & Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London: Hodder & Stoughton, ISBN 0-340-55825-3
- Lee, Sidney (1927), King Edward VII: A Biography, London: Macmillan
- Magnus, Philip (1964), King Edward The Seventh, London: John Murray
- Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2006) "Edward VII (1841–1910)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32975, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required)
- Middlemas, Keith; Edited by Antonia Fraser (1972), The Life and Times of Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-83189-5
- Priestley, J. B. (1970), The Edwardians, London: Heinemann, ISBN 0-434-60332-5
- Roberts, Andrew (2006), Salisbury: Victorian Titan, London: Sterling Publishing Co.
- Tuchman, Barbara (1964), The Guns of August, New York: Macmillan
- Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co
Further reading[link]
- Andrews, Allen (1975), The Follies of King Edward VII, Lexington, ISBN 978-0904312157
- Aubyn, Giles St. (1979), Edward VII, Prince and King, Atheneum, ISBN 978-0689109379
- Butler, David (1975), Edward VII, Prince of Hearts, Littlehampton Book Services Ltd, ISBN 978-0297768975
- Cornwallis, Kinahan (2009) [1860], Royalty in the New World: Or, the Prince of Wales in America, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-00298-1
- Cowles, Virginia (1956), Edward VII and his circle, H. Hamilton
- Heffer, Simon (1998), Power and Place: the Political Consequences of King Edward VII, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 978-0297842200
- Hibbert, Christopher (2007), Edward VII: The Last Victorian King, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1403983770
- Plumptre, George (1997), Edward VII, Trafalgar Square Publishing, ISBN 978-1857938463
- Ponsonby, Frederick (1951), Recollections of Three Reigns, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode
- Roby, Kinley E. (1975), The King, the Press and the people: A study of Edward VII, Barrie and Jenkins, ISBN 978-0214200984
- Walker, Richard (1988), The Savile Row Story: An Illustrated History, London: Prion, ISBN 1-85375-000-X
- Weintraub, Stanley (2001), Edward the Caresser: The Playboy Prince Who Became Edward VII, Free Press, ISBN 978-0684853185
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Edward VII of the United Kingdom |
- Macaulay, James (editor) (1889). Speeches and addresses of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales: 1863–1888 London: Murray.
- Archival material relating to Edward VII listed at the UK National Register of Archives
- Portraits of King Edward VII at the National Portrait Gallery, London
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Edward VII
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 9 November 1841 Died: 6 May 1910 |
||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Victoria |
King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions Emperor of India 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 |
Succeeded by George V |
| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by The Princess Victoria |
Heir to the Throne as heir apparent 1841–1901 |
Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall later became King George V |
| Vacant
Title last held by
Prince George, Duke of Cornwalllater became King George IV |
Prince of Wales 1841–1901 |
Vacant
Title next held by
Prince George, Duke of Cornwalllater became King George V |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Vacant
Title last held by
Prince George, Duke of Cornwalllater became King George IV |
Duke of Cornwall 1841–1901 |
Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of York later became King George V |
| Peerage of Scotland | ||
| Vacant
Title last held by
Prince George, Duke of Rothesaylater became King George IV |
Duke of Rothesay 1841–1901 |
Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of York later became King George V |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| New creation | Earl of Dublin 3rd creation 1850–1901 |
Merged in the Crown |
| Masonic offices | ||
| Preceded by The Marquess of Ripon |
Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England 1874–1901 |
Succeeded by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Vacant
Title last held by
Albert, Prince Consort |
Great Master of the Bath 1897–1901 |
Succeeded by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Edward VII of the United Kingdom |
| Alternative names | Albert Edward |
| Short description | European royalty |
| Date of birth | 9 November 1841 |
| Place of birth | Buckingham Palace, London |
| Date of death | 6 May 1910 |
| Place of death | Buckingham Palace, London |
http://wn.com/Edward_VII
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Edoardo VII del Regno Unito
http://cs.wn.com/Eduard VII.
http://id.wn.com/Edward VII dari Britania Raya
http://es.wn.com/Eduardo VII del Reino Unido
http://ru.wn.com/Эдуард VII
http://nl.wn.com/Eduard VII van het Verenigd Koninkrijk
http://pl.wn.com/Edward VII
http://fr.wn.com/Édouard VII du Royaume-Uni
http://de.wn.com/Eduard VII.
http://pt.wn.com/Eduardo VII do Reino Unido
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
King Edward has been the name of several monarchs in English history:
- Edward the Elder (c. 871–924)
- Edward the Martyr (c. 962–978)
- Edward the Confessor (c. 1004–1066)
- Edward I of England (1239–1307)
- Edward II of England (1284–1327)
- Edward III of England (1312–1377)
- Edward IV of England (1442–1483)
- Edward V of England (1470–1483?)
- Edward VI of England (1537–1553)
- Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841–1910)
- Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (1894–1972)
King Edward may also refer to other monarchs:
- Edward of Portugal (Port: Duarte) (1391–1438)
- Edward Bruce (c. 1275–1318), High King of Ireland
- Edward Balliol (c. 1282–1364), King of Scots, considered a usurper
King Edward may refer to the following places:
- King Edward, Aberdeenshire, Scotland
- King Edward Avenue
- King Edward Village, Dickens, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
King Edward may also refer to:
- King Edward Hotel (Jackson, MS, USA), a former hotel-now-National Landmark in Jackson, Mississippi
- King Edward VII class battleship
- King Edward Hotel (Toronto), Ontario, Canada
- King Edward's School
- King Edward potato
- Edward the Benevolent, predecessor to Graham as King of Daventry in the King's Quest series of PC games
 |
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. |
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Related pages:
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http://nl.wn.com/King Edward
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Edward
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Thomas Chippendale (probably born at Farnley near Otley, baptised at Otley 16 June [O.S. 5 June] 1718 - November 1779) [1] was a London cabinet-maker and furniture designer in the mid-Georgian, English Rococo, and Neoclassical styles. In 1754 he published a book of his designs, titled The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director. The designs are regarded as establishing the fashion for furniture for that period and were used by many other cabinet makers.
Contents |
Life[link]
He was the only child of John Chippendale (1690–1768), joiner, and his first wife Mary (née Drake) (1693–1729). He received an elementary education at Prince Henry's Grammar School. The Chippendale family had long been the wood working trades and so he probably received his basic training from his father, though it is believed that he also was trained by Richard Wood in York, before he moved to London.[2] Wood later ordered eight copies of the Director. On 19 May 1748 he married Catherine Redshaw at St George's Chapel, Mayfair and they had five boys and four girls.
In 1749 Chippendale rented a modest house in Conduit Court, near Covent Garden. In 1752 he moved to Somerset Court, off the Strand. In 1754 Chippendale moved to 60–62 St. Martin's Lane in London, where for the next 60 years the family business operated until 1813 when his son, Thomas Chippendale (Junior), was evicted for bankruptcy. In 1754 he also went into partnership with James Rannie, a wealthy Scottish merchant, who put money into the business at the same time as Chippendale brought out the first edition of the Director. Rannie and his bookkeeper, Thomas Haig, probably looked after the finances of the business. His wife, Catherine, died in 1772. After James Rannie died in 1766, Thomas Haig seems to have borrowed £2,000 from his Rannie's widow, which he used to become Chippendale’s partner. One of Rannie's executors, Henry Ferguson, became a third partner and so the business became Chippendale, Haig and Co. Thomas Chippendale (Junior) took over the business in 1776 allowing his father to retire. He moved to what was then called Lob's Fields (now known as Derry Street) in Kensington. Chippendale married Elizabeth Davis at Fulham Parish Church on 5 August 1777. He fathered three more children. In 1779 Chippendale moved to Hoxton where he died of tuberculosis and was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 13 November 1779.
There is a statue and memorial plaque dedicated to Chippendale outside the old Prince Henry's Grammar School in Manor Square, in his home town of Otley, near Leeds, Yorkshire. There is a full-size sculpted figure of Thomas Chippendale on the façade of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Work[link]
After working as a journeyman cabinet maker in London, in 1754, he became the first cabinet-maker to publish a book of his designs, titled The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director. Three editions were published, the first in 1754, followed by a virtual reprint in 1755, and finally a revised and enlarged edition in 1762, by which time Chippendale's illustrated designs began to show signs of Neoclassicism.
Chippendale was much more than just a cabinet maker, he was an interior designer who advised on soft furnishings and even the colour a room should be painted. Chippendale often took on large-scale commissions from aristocratic clients. Twenty-six of these commissions have been identified.[3] Here furniture by Chippendale can still be identified, The locations include:
- Blair Castle, Perthshire, for the Duke of Atholl (1758);
- Wilton House, for Henry, 10th Earl of Pembroke (c 1759-1773);
- Nostell Priory, Yorkshire, for Sir Roland Winn, Bt (1766–85);
- Mersham Le Hatch, Kent, for Sir Edward Knatchbull, Bt (1767–79);
- David Garrick both in town and at his villa at Hampton, Middlesex;
- Normanton Hall, Rutland and other houses for Sir Gilbert Heathcote Bt (1768–78) that included the management of a funeral for Lady Bridget Heathcote, 1772;
- Harewood House, Yorkshire, for Edwin Lascelles (1767–78);
- Newby Hall, Yorkshire, for William Weddell (c 1772-76);
- Temple Newsam, Yorkshire, for Lord Irwin (1774);
- Paxton House, Berwickshire, Scotland, for Ninian Home (1774–91);
- Burton Constable Hall, Yorkshire for William Constable (1768–79);
- Petworth House, Sussex and other houses for George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont (1777–79).
He also collaborated in furnishing interiors designed by Robert Adam and at Brocket Hall, Hertfordshire, and Melbourne House, London, for Lord Melbourne, with Sir William Chambers (c. 1772-75).
His Director was used by many other cabinet makers. Consequently recognisably "Chippendale" furniture was produced in Dublin, Philadelphia, Lisbon, Copenhagen and Hamburg. Catherine the Great and Louis XVI both possessed copies of the Director in its French edition.[4]
The Director shows four main styles: English with deep carving, elaborate French rococo in the style of Louis XV furniture, Chinese style with latticework and lacquer, and Gothic with pointed arches, quatrefoils and fret-worked legs. His favourite wood was mahogany; in seat furniture he always used solid wood rather than veneers.
His workshop was continued by his son, Thomas Chippendale, the younger (1749–1822), who worked in the later Neoclassical and Regency styles, "the rather slick delicacy of Adam's final phase", as Christopher Gilbert assessed it.[5] A bankruptcy and sale of remaining stock in the St. Martin's Lane premises in 1804 did not conclude the firm's latest phase, as the younger Chippendale supplied furniture to Sir Richard Colt Hoare at Stourhead until 1820 (Edwards and Jourdain 1955: 88).
His designs became very popular again during the middle to late 19th century, leading to widespread adoption of his name in revivals of his style. Many of these later designs that attach his name bear little relationship to his original concepts.
See also[link]
- List of furniture designers
- Chinese Chippendale (architecture) for architectural details inspired by Chippendale's work
References[link]
- ^ "Thomas Son of John Chippindale of Otley joyner bap ye 5th" (Otley, Yorkshire Parish Register, June 1718). He was buried 16 November 1779, according to the records of St Martin's-in-the-Fields, in the burying ground now occupied by the National Gallery. Details of Chippendale's life are drawn from Christopher Gilbert, The Life and Works of Thomas Chippendale (New York: Macmillan) 1978, "Biographical Essay".
- ^ Chippendale Society
- ^ Christopher Gallard Gilbert, M.A., F.M.A. (1936-1998)
- ^ (Gilbert 1978, xvii)
- ^ Gilbert 1978:I,122.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Thomas Chippendale |
- The Chippendale Society
- Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director, first edition, 1754 – online as part of the University of Wisconsin's Digital Library for the Decorative Arts and Material Culture.
- Ralph Edwards and Margaret Jourdain, 1955. Georgian Cabinet-Makers.
- Christopher Gilbert, 1978. The Life and Work of Thomas Chippendale 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan) 1978.. The standard work.
- Thomas Chippendale - The Legend!
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chippendale, Thomas |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | British cabinet-maker |
| Date of birth | 1718-06-05 |
| Place of birth | Otley, Yorkshire, United Kingdom |
| Date of death | November 1779 |
| Place of death | |
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