- published: 28 Aug 2012
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- author: vikas jain
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- Ajaigarh
- Ajmer
- Akbar
- Alha
- Andhra Pradesh
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- Aurangjeb
- Awadh
- Bagahin River
- Bagelkhand
- Banda District
- Banda district
- Banda, India
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- Beri, Haryana
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- British India
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- Bundeli language
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- Central India
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- Chambal River
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- Chaube
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- Chhatarpur
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan
i/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (Persian/Pashto: افغانستان, Afġānistān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and Greater Middle East, it is also considered to be part of a broader West Asia. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of 647,500 km2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast.
Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as 50,000 BC. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. Sitting at an important geostrategic location that connects the Middle East with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the land has been home to various peoples through the ages and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces. The land also served as a source from which the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals and many others have risen to form major empires.
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Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] (
listen)) is the 5th largest city in Rajasthan and is the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. Ajmer has a population of around 800,000 (2011 census), and is located 135 kilometres (84 mi) west of Jaipur, the state capital, 274 km from Udaipur, 439 km from Jaisalmer, and 391 km from Delhi.
Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar (11 km), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.
Ajmer (Sanskrit Ajayameru) was founded in the late 7th century A.D. by Dushyant Chauhan. The Chauhan dynasty ruled Ajmer in spite of repeated invasions by Turkic marauders from Central Asia across the north of India. Ajmer was conquered by Muhammad of Ghor, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193. However, the Chauhan rulers were allowed autonomy upon the payment of a heavy tribute to the conquerors. Ajmer remained subject to Delhi until 1365 when it was captured by the ruler of Mewar. In 1509, control of Ajmer was disputed between the Maharajas of Mewar and Marwar unitil it was conquered by the Marwar in 1532. The city was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559. In the 18th century, control passed to the Marathas.
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Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the country's southeastern coast. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city is Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh lies between 12°41' and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40'E longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the Bay of Bengal in the east, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west.
Andhra Pradesh has the second-longest coastline of 972 km (604 mi) among the states of India. Two major rivers, the Godavari and the Krishna, run across the state. The small enclave (30 square kilometres (12 sq mi)) of Yanam, a district of Pondicherry, lies in the Godavari delta in the northeast of the state. The state is separated into three regions: Telangana, Andhra, and Rayalaseema.
The primary official language of Andhra Pradesh is Telugu and the co-official language is Urdu. Other languages often spoken in the state include Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Kannada, and Oriya.
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Assam
Assam /əˈsæm/ (Assamese: অসম) also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province (British India), is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country[citation needed]. Assam was one of the original provinces of the British ruled Indian sub-continent and among the original provinces of present day India, having a legislature that dates back to 1937. However, present day Assam has undergone numerous territory alignment changes, with its state map being altered more than any other province's. Known for exquisite natural resources, geography and its important role in India's freedom struggle; Assam has its capital as Dispur, an especialized city circuit region located on the outskirts of its largest metropolis, Guwahati.
Assam is particularly famous for its natural beauty. The landscape includes tea gardens, the river Brahmaputra, and many historical monuments and temples. Swami Vivekananda once said that, "next only to Kashmir, Assam is the most beautiful place in India" A state with an abundance of forest, Assam also has five national parks, around half a dozen other wildlife sanctuaries, and is home to two-thirds of the population of the unique one-horned rhino. When it comes to wildlife, Assam too has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites.
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Awadh
Awadh (Awadhi, Hindi: अवध, Urdu: اودھ
pronunciation (help·info)), established around 1722 AD with Faizabad as its capital and Sadat Ali Khan as its first Nawab and progenitor of Nawabs of Awadh. Avadh is also known in various British historical texts as Oudh or Oude derived from Ayodhya, is a region in the centre of the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, which was before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. The traditional capital of Awadh has been Faizabad and later Lucknow the capital of the modern day Uttar Pradesh. The modern definition of Awadh geographically includes the districts of Ambedkar Nagar, Bahraich, Balrampur, Barabanki, Faizabad, Gonda, Hardoi, Lakhimpur Kheri, Lucknow, Pratapgarh, Allahabad, Raebareli, Shravasti, Sitapur, Sultanpur, Unnao and Kanpur. A strip of the northern areas of the region, i.e. parts of Terai area (Inner Terai and Outer Terai), now lies within Nepal (Tulsipur Dang). The region is home to a distinct dialect, Awadhi, spoken by Awadhis.
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Banda District
Banda district (Hindi: बांदा जिला) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.
Banda is famous for its Shajar stone, used for making jewellery, and the historically and architecturally significant sites Khajuraho and Kalinjar. Khajuraho is a World Heritage Site famous for its elaborately carved temples. The fortress of Kalinjar is famed for its war history and its glorious rock sculptures.
In 1998, the tehsils of Karwi and Mau, formerly part of Banda District, became the new Chitrakoot District.
The district largely consists of irregular uplands with outcrops of rocks intermingling with lowlands, which are frequently under water during the rainy season. The Baghein River traverses the district from south-west to north-east. Other important rivers are the Ken River in the east and the Yamuna to the north.The dominant communities of this area are of Kshatriyas, Patels, Chandrauls, Chandelas, Bundelas etc.
The economy is predominantly agricultural, with the main crops being paddy rice, wheat and vegetables.
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Banda district
Banda district (Hindi: बांदा जिला) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Banda is the district headquarters. It is a part of Chitrakoot Division.
Banda is famous for its Shajar stone, used for making jewellery, and the historically and architecturally significant sites Khajuraho and Kalinjar. Khajuraho is a World Heritage Site famous for its elaborately carved temples. The fortress of Kalinjar is famed for its war history and its glorious rock sculptures.
In 1998, the tehsils of Karwi and Mau, formerly part of Banda District, became the new Chitrakoot District.
The district largely consists of irregular uplands with outcrops of rocks intermingling with lowlands, which are frequently under water during the rainy season. The Baghein River traverses the district from south-west to north-east. Other important rivers are the Ken River in the east and the Yamuna to the north.The dominant communities of this area are of Kshatriyas, Patels, Chandrauls, Chandelas, Bundelas etc.
The economy is predominantly agricultural, with the main crops being paddy rice, wheat and vegetables.
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Betwa River
The Betwa is a river in Northern India, and a tributary of the Yamuna. Also known as the Vetravati, the Betwa rises in the Vindhya Range just north of Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh and flows north-east through Madhya Pradesh and flow through Orchha to Uttar Pradesh. Nearly one-half of its course, which is not navigable, runs over the Malwa Plateau before it breaks into the upland. A tributary of the Yamuna River, the confluence of the Betwa and the Yamuna Rivers takes place in the Hamirpur town in Uttar Pradesh, in the vicinity of Orchha.
In Sanskrit 'Betwa' is 'Vetravati' which means ‘containing reeds'. This river is mentioned in the epic Mahabharata along with the Charmanwati river. Both are tributaries of Yamuna. Vetravati was also known as Shuktimati. The capital of Chedi Kingdom was on the banks of this river.
In accordance with an inter-state agreement between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh in 1973, Betwa River Board (BRB) was constituted under the Betwa River Board Act, 1976. The Union Minister of Ministry of Water Resources is the Chairman of the Board and the Union Minister of Power, Union Minister of State for Water Resources, Chief Ministers and Ministers in-charge of Finance, Irrigation and Power of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are its Members.
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Bhind District
Bhind District (Hindi: भिंड) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India of Chambal division. The town of Bhind is the district headquarters.
Bhind District is situated in Chambal region in the northwest of the state. The geographical coordinates of the district are Latitude 26°36' N and Longitude 78°46' E. It is bounded by Agra, Etawah, Jalaun and Jhansi districts of Uttar Pradesh state to the north and the east, and the Madhya Pradesh districts of Datia to the south, Gwalior to the southwest, and Morena to the west. The geography of the district is characterized by uneven ravines, plain fertile fields and scanty forests. The total area of the district is 4,459 km².
The soil of Bhind is very fertile and is well drained by the Chambal, Kali Sind, Kunwari or Kwari, Pahuj and Baisali rivers and by an extensive canal system. Formerly there were four tehsils, Bhind, Mehgaon, Gohad and Lahar, but at present there are seven tehsils: Bhind, Ater, Mehgaon, Gohad, Lahar, Mihona, and Raun. The district is part of the Chambal Division.
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Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km2) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km2, which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.
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Bijawar
Bijawar is a town and a nagar panchayat in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Bijawar Taluk, and was formerly the capital of a princely state of British India of the same name.
The native state of Bijawar covered an area of 2520 km² (973 sq. m.) in the Bundelkhand agency. Forests covered nearly half the total area of the state, which was believed to be rich in minerals, but lack of transport facilities had hindered the development of its resources.
The state takes its name from the chief town, Bijawar, which was founded by Bijai Singh, one of the Gond chiefs of Garha Mandla, in the 17th century. The first ruler of the state was Bir Singh Deo (1765-93), a Bundela Rajput descended from the ruler of Orchha. It was conquered in the 18th century by Chhatarsal, the founder of Panna, a Rajput of the Bundela clan, by whose descendants it is still held. It was confirmed to Ratan Singh in 1811 by the British government for the usual deed of allegiance. In 1857 Bhan Pratap Singh rendered signal services to the British during the Mutiny, being rewarded with certain privileges and a hereditary salute of eleven guns. In 1866 he received the title of maharaja, and the prefix sawai in 1877. Bhan Pratap was succeeded on his death in 1899 by his adopted son, Sanwant Singh, a son of the maharaja of Orchha.
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Bodoland
Bodoland is an area located in the north bank of Brahmaputra river in the state of Assam in north east region of India, by the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh; inhabited predominantly by the Bodo people. Currently the map of Bodoland includes the Bodoland Territorial Areas District (BTAD) administered by the non-autonomous Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC). The territory came into existence under the BTC Accord. The map of Bodoland overlaps with the districts of Kokrajhar, Baksa, Chirang and Udalguri in the state of Assam. At present, Kokrajhar serves as the capital of Bodoland.
The early history of Bodos is largely unknown. By definition, Bodos do not display any tribal culture and they do not participate in any primitive rituals. For centuries majority Bodos remained as farmers,weavers, and peace loving society. Like many cultures in the world today, Bodos are also ethnocentric or nationalist society. Cultural assimilation with Assamese was not productive. In brief, before the British Raj, Dimasa Kachari Kingdom may have included a vast area extending far and beyond Assam, a small province in the North-East India. History suggest that Dimapur was the capital of Kachari kingdom (Dimasa Kachari kingdom) ,The Dimasas are part of Tibeto-Burman Bodo race. The British-India colonial rulers effectively adapted divide and rule policy for over 300 years. It is likely that Kachari were lagging behind their fellow Indians in terms of education and employability. Since the time of British Raj, Assam is known to produce oil and natural gas, and Assam tea. Before independence (1947), North-East India was a remote place.
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Chanderi
Chanderi (Hindustani: चंदेरी (Devanagari), چندیری (Nastaleeq)) is a town of historical importance in Ashoknagar District of the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is situated at a distance of 127 km from Shivpuri,37 km from Lalitpur,55 km from Ashok Nagar and about 45 km from Esagarh It is surrounded by hills southwest of the Betwa River. Chanderi is surrounded by hills, lakes and forests and is spotted with several monuments of the Bundela Rajputs and Malwa sultans.
The Chanderi area has been a major center of Jain culture. It was a major center of the Parwar Jain community. There are a number of Jain places nearby- Gurilagiri (7 km), Aamanachar (29 km), Bithala (19 km), Bhamon (16 km), Khandargiri (2 km), Thuvanji (22 km) and Bhiyadant (14 km), and Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh (20 km, across the border).
At a distance of 19 km from present Chanderi town is situated the Buddhi (old) Chanderi. Buddhi Chanderi is situated on the banks of Urvashi river. It is believed that the Chaidnagar mentioned in Puranas is same as Buddhi Chanderi.There is a myth that when Raja Nala left Damayanti asleep in the forests of Narwar she moved through dense forests and reached Chaidnagar protecting her self from wild animals. The route through forests from Narwar to Chanderi is very short. A number of 9th and 10th century Jain temples are there in Buddhi Chanderi attracting thousands of Jain pilgrims from all over the country.
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Charkhari
Charkhari, currently a part of Uttar Pradesh state, was one of the Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. The state was founded by saurabh singh bundela, a Rajput of Bundela clan. On India’s independence, this Princely state was acceded to India.
Charkhari is located at 25°24′N 79°45′E / 25.4°N 79.75°E / 25.4; 79.75. It has an average elevation of 184 metres (603 feet).
Charkhari, currently a part of Uttar Pradesh state, was one of the Princely states of India during the period of the British Raj. The state was founded in 1765 by Bijai Bahadur, a Rajput of Bundela clan. On India’s independence, this Princely state was acceded to India.
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As of 2001[update] India census, Charkhari had a population of 23,823. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Charkhari has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 68% and female literacy of 47%. 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
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Chhatarpur
Chhatarpur is a city and a municipality in Chhatarpur district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Chhatarpur District.
Chhatarpur was founded in 1785 and is named after the Bundela Rajput leader Chhatrasal, the founder of Bundelkhand independence, and contains his cenotaph. The state was ruled by his descendants until 1785. At that time the Ponwar clan of the Rajputs took control of Chhatarpur. The state was guaranteed to Kunwar Sone Singh Ponwar in 1806 by the British Raj. In 1854 Chhatarpur would have lapsed to the British government for want of direct heirs under the doctrine of lapse, but was conferred on Jagat Raj as a special act of grace. The Ponwar Rajas ruled a princely state with an area of 1,118 square miles (2,900 km2), and population of 156,139 in 1901, which was part of the Bundelkhand agency of Central India. In 1901 the town of Chhatarpur had a population of 10,029, a high school and manufactured paper and coarse cutlery. The state also contained the British cantonment of Nowgaon.
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Chhatarpur District
Chhatarpur District (Hindi: छतरपुर जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The town of Chhatarpur is the district headquarters.
Chattarpur district located at 24.06° & 25.20°N 78.59° & 80.26° E respectively. The district has an area of 8,687 km².Chhatarpur District is bounded by Uttar Pradesh state to the north, and the Madhya Pradesh districts of Panna to the east, Damoh to the south, Sagar to the southwest, and Tikamgarh to the west. Chhatarpur District is part of Sagar Division.
Before Indian Independence, present-day Chhatarpur district consisted of a number of princely states, including Bijawar, Chhatarpur, Gaurihar, Alipura, and Lugasi, along with most of Charkhari and portions of Panna and Ajaigarh. After independence, the rulers of the states acceded to the Government of India, and the district became part of the new state of Vindhya Pradesh. Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 1956. Nowgaon was declared capital of Madhya Pradesh, after six month Bhopal became the capital of Madhya Pradesh.
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Chitrakoot District
Chitrakoot district (Hindi: चित्रकूट जिला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and Chitrakoot town is the district headquarters. Chitrakoot district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 3,205 km². The district has a population of 766,225 (2001 Census). As of 2011 it is the second least populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71), after Mahoba.
On 6 May 1997 a new district was carved out from the erstwhile Banda district comprising its Karwi and Mau tehsils. The district was initially named as Chhatrapati Shahuji Nagar district. On 4 September 1998 it was renamed as Chitrakoot district.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Chitrakoot one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). Successive governments have often ignored the district's development and hence has become one of the most remote and cut-off districts in India.
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Damoh
Damoh is a town in the Sagar Division in north-eastern Madhya Pradesh in India. The town is located 260 kilometres (162 mi) east of state capital Bhopal and is situated north of Tikamgarh. It is the administrative headquarters of Damoh District.
Damoh is located at 21°53′N 80°47′E / 21.88°N 80.78°E / 21.88; 80.78. It has an average elevation of 595 metres (1952 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Damoh had a population of 112,160. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Damoh has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 89% and, female literacy is 66%. In Damoh, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The town has a significant cattle-market and a number of small industries such as weaving, dyeing and pottery-making. The district of Damoh has an area of 7,306 km2. Except on the south and east, where the offshoots from the surrounding hills and patches of jungle break up the countryside, the district consists of open planes of varying degrees of fertility, interspersed with low ranges and isolated heights wit the richest tracts lie in the centre.
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Damoh District
Damoh District (Hindi: दमोह ज़िला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Damoh is the district headquarters. The district is part of Sagar Division.
The district has many places of historical importance. The town of Nohata is one such example and is situated at a distance of 21 km from Damoh, on the banks of River Gauraya and was a capital of the Chandela Rajputs. There are a number of temples there.
The ancient fort at Rajnagar village, 6 km from Damoh, was founded by the Mughals. Singhorgarh fort is another place of historical importance. It was built by Raja Vain Bason. Gond Rajas stayed in it for a long time. It was with Gond Raja Dalpat Shah and his Rani Durgawati at the end of 15th century. After the death of Raja Dalpat Shah, the Senapati of the army of Mughal emperor Akbar had a battle with Rani Durgawati at village Singrampur.
The town of Narsinghgarh, situated on Sonar River, has an ancient fort built by Shah Taiyab. Birla group has established a cement factory at Narsinghgarh. Kundalpur is famous place for Jain temples. Situated 32 km from Damoh, there are 58 Jain temples in Kundalpur.
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Datia
Datia is a city and a municipality in Datia district in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. It is the administrative center of Datia District. It was formerly the seat of the eponymous princely state in the British Raj. Datia is situated near Gwalior and on the border with Uttar Pradesh (U.P); the town of Jhansi in U.P. is only about 25 km away.
The old town is surrounded by a stone wall, enclosing handsome palaces and gardens; the 17th century palace of Bir Singh Deo is one of the finest examples of Hindu domestic architecture available in north India.
Datia had formerly been a state in the bundelkhand region.The ruling family were Rajputs of the Bundela clan; they descended from a younger son of a former raja of Orchha. The state was administered as part of the Bundelkhand Agency of Central India. It lay in the extreme north-west of Bundelkhand, near Gwalior, and was surrounded on all sides by other princely states of Central India, except on the east where it bordered upon the United Provinces.
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Datia District
Datia District (Hindi: दतिया जिला) is in Gwalior Division in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The town of Datia is the district headquarters.
The district has an area of 2,038 km², and a population 627,818 (2001 census). The population of Datia District increased by 26% from 1981 to 1991, and by 22% from 1991 to 2001. The district has 445 villages and 3 towns, Datia, Seondha, and Bhander. Each town is the headquarters of its tehsil.
Datia is bounded by the Madhya Pradesh districts of Bhind to the north, Gwalior to the west, and Shivpuri to the south, and by Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh state to the east. The district is part of Gwalior Division.
The district is traversed by the West Central Railway line between Jhansi and Gwalior.
According to the 2011 census Datia District has a population of 786,375, roughly equal to the nation of Comoros or the US state of South Dakota. This gives it a ranking of 487th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 292 inhabitants per square kilometre (760 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 18.4 %. Datia has a sex ratio of 875 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.5 %.
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Deccan Plateau
The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India, making up most of the southern part of the country. It rises a hundred meters high in the north, and more than a kilometer high in the south, forming a raised triangle within the familiar downward-pointing triangle of the Indian subcontinent's coastline.
It extends over eight Indian states and encompasses a wide range of habitats, covering most of central and southern India.
It is located between two mountain ranges: the Western Ghats form its western boundary, and the Eastern Ghats its eastern boundary. Each rises from their respective nearby coastal plains and nearly meet at the southern tip of India. It is separated from the Gangetic plain to the north by the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges, which form its northern boundary.
The name Deccan is an anglicised form of the Prakrit word dakkhin, itself derived from the Sanskrit word dákṣiṇa, meaning "south".
The Deccan Plateau lies south of the Indo-Gangetic plain. The Western Ghats Mountain Range is tall and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall. The eastern Deccan Plateau is at a lower elevation spanning the southeastern coast of India. Its forests are also relatively dry but serve to retain the rain to form streams that feed into rivers that flow into basins and then into the Bay of Bengal.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Dhasan River
The Dhasan River is a right bank tributary of the Betwa River. The river originates in Begumganj tehsil of Raisen district in Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The river forms the southeastern boundary of the Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state. Total length of the river is 365 km, out of which 240 km lies in Madhya Pradesh, 54 km common boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh and 71 km in Uttar Pradesh. The river was known as the Dasharna in ancient period.
Coordinates: 25°48′N 79°24′E / 25.8°N 79.4°E / 25.8; 79.4
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Garhwal division
Coordinates: 30°30′N 78°30′E / 30.5°N 78.5°E / 30.5; 78.5 Garhwal (Hindi: गढ़वाल [ɡəɽʱʋaːl]) is the north-western region and administrative division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand which is home to the Garhwali people. Lying in the Himalayas, It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Kumaon region, on the south by Uttar Pradesh state, and on the north-west by Himachal Pradesh state. It includes the districts of Chamoli, Dehradun, Haridwar, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, and Uttarkashi. The people of Garhwal are known as Garhwali (गढ़वाली) and speak the Garhwali language (गढ़वाली भाषा). The administrative center for Garhwal division is the town of Pauri.
Garhwal the land of many ‘GAHRS’ meaning forts. This region was made up of many small forts which were ruled by chieftains. Therefore, the history of Garhwal before the dynastic rule of the ‘Panwar’ rulers is very obscure. Kanak Pal was the first ruler of the state of Garhwal in 823 AD.
The Garhwal Himalayas have nurtured civilization from the wee hours of history. It appears to have been a favorite locale for the voluminous mythology of the Puranic period. The traditional name of Garhwal was Uttarakhand and excavations have revealed that it formed part of the Mauryan Empire.
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Gird
Gird (also can be known as Gopasetra in ancient times, or Gwalior region later) is a region of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It includes the districts of Bhind, Gwalior, Morena, Sheopur, and Shivpuri. Gwalior is the largest city in the region, and its historic center.
The Chambal and Yamuna rivers form the northwestern and northern boundaries of the region. Hadoti region of Rajasthan lies to the southwest, Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh lies to the south, and Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh lies to the east. Gird is sometimes considered part of Bundelkhand.
The region is one of the Agro-climatic zones of India, characterized by alluvial, loamy soils, rainfall of 800 to 1000 mm/year, and winter temperatures that sometimes drop below zero degrees Celsius. Major crops in the region include Mandarin and sweet oranges and limes under assured irrigation, and guava, ber, aonla, and custardapple without irrigation, as well as coriander, chillies, garlic, and seasonal vegetables.
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Guna District
Guna district (Hindi: गुना जिला) is one of the 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Its administrative headquarters is Guna. The district has a population of 12,40,938 (2011 census). It has an area of 6485 km², and is bounded on the northeast by Shivpuri District, on the east by Ashoknagar District, on the southeast by Vidisha District, on the southwest by Rajgarh District, on the west and northwest by Jhalawar and Baran districts of Rajasthan state. The Sindh River flows northward along the eastern edge of the district, forming part of the boundary with Ashoknagar District, and the Parbati River flows northwestward through the southern portion of the district, forming part of the boundary with Baran District before flowing into Rajasthan.
On August 15, 2003 Guna District was split in two, with the eastern portion becoming Ashoknagar District.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Guna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Gwalior
Gwalior (Hindi/Marathi: ग्वालियर pronunciation (help·info)) ग्वाल्हेर is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India, lying 122 kilometres (76 mi) south of Agra, and 423 kilometres (263 mi) north of Bhopal, the state capital. Gwalior occupies a strategic location in the Gird region of India, and the city and its fortress have served as the center of several of historic northern Indian kingdoms. Gwalior is the administrative headquarters of Gwalior district and Gwalior division.
It is famous for Gwalior Fort, which has changed hands many times. From the Tomaras in the 8th century it passed on to the Mughals, then the Marathas under the Scindias (1754), followed briefly by Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope and the British.
The city has several important educational institutions including the Atal Bihari Vajpayee - Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Scindia School, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education. Gwalior has five government universities: Jiwaji University, Maharaja Maan Singh Tomar music and arts university, Rajmata Vijyarahe Scindia agriculture university, Laxmibai National University of Physical Education and ABV-IIITM are government universities. Few Private institutions are also well known in this region like Aditya College, ITM University, Amity University etc.
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Gwalior District
Gwalior district Hindi: ग्वालियर जिला) is one of the 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic city of Gwalior is its administrative headquarters. Other cities and towns in this district are Antari, Bhitarwar, Bilaua, Dabra, Morar Cantonment, Pichhore, and Tekanpur.
The district has an area of 5,214 km², and a population 1,629,881 (2001 census), a 26% increase from 1991. Gwalior District is bounded by the districts of Bhind to the northeast, Datia to the east, Shivpuri to the south, Sheopur to the east, and Morena to the northwest. The district is part of Gwalior Division.
Gwalior is also known for 1857 revolt and Rani Lakshmi Bai's heroic resistance. After Kalpi (Jhansi) fell into the hands of the British on May 24, 1858, Lakshmibai sought shelter at the Gwalior fort. Afraid of the British, The king of Gwalior was not willing to give up his fort but his soldiers laid down their arms in respect for the Rani of Jhansi. Thus the freedom fighters entered Gwalior without a fight. The British wasted no time in attacking Gwalior. It was the fiercest, bloodiest battle ever fought on Indian soil. Lakshmibai's courage, strength, and ability as she valiantly fought the British army's vastly superior forces, are remembered to this day. Gwalior was captured and the real heroism of Rani Laxmibai reached to the heights when died fighting courageously.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indore
Indore /ɪnˈdɔər/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the largest city and the headquarters of Indore District in the state of Madhya Pradesh. Indore is located 190 km west of the state capital of Bhopal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Indore city has a population of 1,960,631 and is fourteenth most populous city in India, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 2.3 million. It is the 147th largest city in the world. Indore is the richest city in central India and also known as "Mini Mumbai" due to it's lifestyle similarities with Mumbai. It also reflects Mumbai's potpourri of cultures, with significant Marathi, Gujarati, Marwari and Sindhi populations.
Indore is the only city of India with both an Indian Institute of Management (IIM) and an Indian Institute of Technology (IIT).
During the days of the Maratha Empire Indore was an important hub between the Deccan and Delhi. However after the death of Madhavrao Peshwa, the Maratha Empire disintegrated and Indore was declared the capital of the Holkar state, until Rani Ahilyabai Holkar moved the capital to Maheshwar.
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Jalaun
Jalaun is a city and a municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
The town was formerly the residence of a Maratha governor, but never the headquarters of the district, which are at Orai.
In early times Jalaun seems to have been the home of two Rajput clans, the Bhadaurias in the east and the Kachwahas in the west. The village garghgawan was the estate of Bhadaurias clan, the historic monument(GADI)of this clan is still exist in this village.The town of Kalpi on the Yamuna was conquered by the armies of Muhammad of Ghor in 1196. Early in the 14th century the Bundelas occupied the greater part of Jalaun, and even succeeded in holding the fortified post of Kalpi. That important possession was soon recovered by the Delhi Sultanate, and passed under the way of the Mughal Empire. Akbar's governors at Kalpi maintained a nominal authority over the surrounding district, and the Bundela chiefs were in a state of chronic revolt, which culminated in the war of independence under Maharaja Chhatrasal. On the outbreak of his rebellion in 1671 he occupied a large province to the south of the Yamuna. Setting out from this base, and assisted by the Marathas, he conquered the whole of Bundelkhand. On his death in 1732 he bequeathed one-third of his dominions to his Maratha allies, who before long succeeded in annexing the whole of Bundelkhand. Under Maratha rule the country was a prey to constant anarchy and strife. To this period must be traced the origin of the poverty and desolation which are still conspicuous throughout the district. In 1806 Kalpi was made over to the British, and in 1840, on the death of Nana Gobind Ras, his possessions lapsed to them also. Various interchanges of territory took place, and in 1856 the boundaries of the British district were substantially settled, with an area of 1,477 square miles (3,830 km2).
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Jalaun district
Jalaun District (Hindi:जालौन) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India.
The district is named after town of Jalaun, which was the former headquarters of a Maratha governor, but the administrative headquarters of the district is at Orai. Other large towns in the district are Kalpi, Konch, and Madhogarh.
Jalaun District is a part of Jhansi Division. The district has an area of 4565 km², and a population of 1,455,859 (2001 census), with a population density of 319 persons per km².
The district lies entirely within the level plain of Bundelkhand, north of the hill country, and is almost surrounded by the Yamuna River, which forms the northern boundary of the district, and its tributaries the Betwa, which forms the southern boundary of the district, and the Pahuj, which forms the western boundary. The central region thus enclosed is a dead level of cultivated land, almost destitute of trees, and dotted with villages. The southern portion presents an almost unbroken sheet of cultivation. The Non River flows through the centre of the district, which it drains by innumerable small ravines.
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Jalaun District
Jalaun District (Hindi:जालौन) is a district of Uttar Pradesh state of India.
The district is named after town of Jalaun, which was the former headquarters of a Maratha governor, but the administrative headquarters of the district is at Orai. Other large towns in the district are Kalpi, Konch, and Madhogarh.
Jalaun District is a part of Jhansi Division. The district has an area of 4565 km², and a population of 1,455,859 (2001 census), with a population density of 319 persons per km².
The district lies entirely within the level plain of Bundelkhand, north of the hill country, and is almost surrounded by the Yamuna River, which forms the northern boundary of the district, and its tributaries the Betwa, which forms the southern boundary of the district, and the Pahuj, which forms the western boundary. The central region thus enclosed is a dead level of cultivated land, almost destitute of trees, and dotted with villages. The southern portion presents an almost unbroken sheet of cultivation. The Non River flows through the centre of the district, which it drains by innumerable small ravines.
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Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmiri/ˌdʒɑːmuː/ & /ˈkæʃmɪər/ is the northernmost state of India. It is situated mostly in the Himalayan mountains. Jammu and Kashmir shares a border with the states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south and internationally with the People's Republic of China to the north and east and the Pakistan-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan, to the west and northwest respectively.
Formerly a part of the erstwhile Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu, which governed the larger historic region of Kashmir, this territory is disputed among China, India and Pakistan. Pakistan, which claims the territory as disputed, refers to it alternatively as Indian-occupied Kashmir or Indian-held Kashmir, while some international agencies such as the United Nations, call it Indian-administered Kashmir. The regions under the control of Pakistan are referred to as Pakistan-occupied Kashmir or PoK within India.
Jammu and Kashmir consists of three regions: Jammu, the Kashmir valley and Ladakh. Srinagar is the summer capital, and Jammu is the winter capital. While the Kashmir valley is famous for its beautiful mountainous landscape, Jammu's numerous shrines attract tens of thousands of Hindu pilgrims every year. Ladakh, also known as "Little Tibet", is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and Buddhist culture.
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Jamni River
Jamni River is a river in northern India. It is a main tributary of the Betwa River and enters Lalitpur District near Madanpur village.
It meets Betwa river near town of Orchha.
Coordinates: 25°13′N 78°35′E / 25.217°N 78.583°E / 25.217; 78.583
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Jhansi
Jhansi pronunciation (help·info) is a historical city of India lying on the banks of Pahuj river. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi District and Jhansi Division. The original walled city grew up around its stone fort, which crowns a neighboring rock. This district is on the bank of river Betwa.
Jhansi city is situated between the rivers Pahunj and Betwa between North longitudes 24°11´ and 25°57´and East latitudes 78°10´and 79°25´.It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).The city has an irregular boundary, northern being contiguous with that of district of Jalaun. In addition, the city is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. It is about 415 km from New Delhi and 292 km from Lucknow, and is called gateway to Bundelkhand .
The National Highway Development Project has sparked Jhansi's development. The North-South Corridor connecting Kashmir to Kanyakumari passes through Jhansi. The East-West corridor also goes through this city, so there has been a sudden rush to infrastructure and real estate development in the city. A greenfield airport is also on the Anvil.
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Jhansi district
Jhansi District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Jhansi is the district headquarters.
The district is bordered on the north by Jalaun District, to the east by Hamirpur and Mahoba districts, to the south by Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh state, to the southwest by Lalitpur District, which is joined to Jhansi District by a narrow corridor, and on the east by the Datia and Bhind districts of Madhya Pradesh. Population 1,746,715 (2001 census). Lalitpur District, which extends into the hill country to the south, was added to Jhansi District in 1891, and made a separate district again in 1974. Several railway lines serve the district. South of Jhansi District lies the hill country of Bundelkhand, which slopes down from the Vindhya Range. The district consists of the level plain of Bundelkhand, distinguished for its deep black soil, known as mar, and admirably adapted for the cultivation of cotton. The district is intersected or bounded by three principal rivers, the Pahuj, Betwa and Dhasan. The main city in Jhansi district is Jhansi. Other towns are Mauranipur, Garautha, Moth, Babina, Chirgaon, Samthar Gursarai, etc.
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Jhansi District
Jhansi District is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state in northern India. The town of Jhansi is the district headquarters.
The district is bordered on the north by Jalaun District, to the east by Hamirpur and Mahoba districts, to the south by Tikamgarh District of Madhya Pradesh state, to the southwest by Lalitpur District, which is joined to Jhansi District by a narrow corridor, and on the east by the Datia and Bhind districts of Madhya Pradesh. Population 1,746,715 (2001 census). Lalitpur District, which extends into the hill country to the south, was added to Jhansi District in 1891, and made a separate district again in 1974. Several railway lines serve the district. South of Jhansi District lies the hill country of Bundelkhand, which slopes down from the Vindhya Range. The district consists of the level plain of Bundelkhand, distinguished for its deep black soil, known as mar, and admirably adapted for the cultivation of cotton. The district is intersected or bounded by three principal rivers, the Pahuj, Betwa and Dhasan. The main city in Jhansi district is Jhansi. Other towns are Mauranipur, Garautha, Moth, Babina, Chirgaon, Samthar Gursarai, etc.
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Jhansi Fort
The Jhansi fort is situated in the midst of Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh. It was Built in the year 1613 by Raja Bir Singh Deo of Orchha.
Maharaja Chattrasal Bundela of Panna was a good administrator and a brave warrior. In 1729 Mohammed Khan Bangash attacked Chattrasal. Peshwa Baji Rao(I ) helped Maharaja Chattrasal and defeated mughal army. As a mark of gratitude Maharaja Chattrasal offered a part of his state to Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao(I). Jhansi was also included in this part.
In 1742 Naroshanker was made the subedar of Jhansi. During his tenure of 15 years he not only extended the Jhansi fort which was of strategic importance but also constructed some other buildings. The extended part of the fort is called Shankergarh. In 1757 Naroshanker was called back by the Peshwa. After him Madhav Govind Kakirde and then Babulal Kanahai were made the subedars of Jhansi.
In 1766 Vishwas Rao Laxman was made the subedar of Jhansi. His period was from 1766 to 1769. After him Raghunath Rao (II) Newalkar was appointed the subedar of Jhansi. He was a very able administrator. He increased the revenue of the state. The MahaLakshmi Temple and the Raghunath Temple were built by him.
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Kalpi
Kalpi(Hindi:कालपी) is a city and a municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is on the right bank of the Yamuna.
The city of Kalpi is believed to be known as Kalak dev ki kalpi in the ancient times. Over the period of time the name of the city got abbreviated to Kalpi. Kalpi is said to have been founded by King Vasudeva at the end of the 4th century. In 1196 it fell to Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the viceroy of Mohammed Ghori, and during the subsequent Muslim period it played a significant part in the history of central India. During Akbar's reign, Kalpi was a governor's seat and had a mint for copper coinage. Kalpi is also considered by some as the birth place of Ved Vyas, the author of Mahabharata.
About the middle of the 18th century it passed into the hands of the Marathas. It was captured by the British in 1803, and after 1806 remained in British possession until India's independence in 1947. Kalpi was a part of Bundelkhand Agency, formed in 1811, and also housed its headquarters from 1818 to 1824. During this period the political agent to Governor General of India was appointed and headquartered in Kalpi. In May 1858 Sir Hugh Rose (Lord Strathnairn) defeated here a force of about 10,000 freedom fighters under the Rani of Jhansi.The British East India Company made it one of their principal stations for providing "commercial investment".
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Kamtapur
Kamtapur is the name of a state proposed in north West Bengal and Assam by the Rajbongshi people. The proposed state comprises some districts of West Bengal and other contiguous districts of Assam. This statehood demand is mostly led by Kamtapur People's Party.
From 650 to 1498 CE, Kamatapur was a Hindu kingdom patronizing Hindu culture in eastern India. According to serious historical researches carried out by Dr. Sailen Debnath, an eminent historian of Bengal, the medieval Kamatapur or Kamata kingdom flourished before the emergence of the Koch kingdom under the leadership of Viswa Singha. Kamatapur emerged as a sovereign state right from the middle of the seventh century and it continued through ups and downs till the year 1498 when its last capital at Gosaninari was devastated by the invading army of Alauddin Husain Shah of Bengal. The ancient kingdom of Kamatapur comprised the tract of land bounded by the Karatoya in the west, the Brahmaputra in the east, the Himalayas in the north and the Padma-Brahmaputra basin in the south. Most probably, Nalrajar Garh in Chilapata forest was the earliest capital of Kamatapur and subsequently through a long course of changes and developments the capital was shifted to Maynaguri and then to Prithu Rajar Garh, and before its final shifting to Gosanimari, an ancient river port-town since the seventh century, for sometime, the capital was at Singijani. After the destruction of the kingdom of Kamatapur by Alauddin Husain Shah of Gaur, there emerged the Koch kingdom with its capital at Hingulavas in the Dooars.
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Kannauj
Kannauj (Hindi: क़न्नौज, Urdu: قنوج), also spelt Kanauj, is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. The city's name is traditionally derived from the term Kanyakubja (The city of the hunchbacked maidens). Kannauj is an ancient city, in earlier times the capital of Emperor Harshavardhan. It is said that Kanyakubja Brahmin's are originally from Kannauj. Kannauj is known for the distilling of scents and is a market center for tobacco, perfume, and rose water. It has given its name to a distinct dialect of the Hindi language known as Kanauji. It was called Calinipaxa during reign of Alexander the Great.
Kannuaj remained a focal point for the three powerful dynasties, namely the Gurjara Pratiharas, Palas and Rashtrakutas, between the 8th and 10th centuries. The conflict between the three dynasties has been referred to as the Tripartite struggle by many historians.
There were initial struggles but ultimately the Gurjar Pratihars succeeded in retaining the city. The Gurjar Pratihars ruled Malwa, which was bounded to the South by the Rashtrakuta Empire, and the Pala dynasty to the East. The Tripartite Struggle began with the defeat of Indrayudh at the hands of Gurjar Pratihar ruler Vatsaraja. The Pala ruler Dharampala was also keen to establish his authority at Kannauj, giving rise to a struggle between Vatsaraja and Dharampala. Dharampala was however defeated. Taking advantage of the chaos, the Rastrakuta ruler Dhruva surged northwards, defeated Vatsaraja, and took Kannauj for himself, completing the furthest northern expansion by a South Indian ruler.
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Karnataka
Karnataka /kɑrˈnɑːtəkə/ is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava (Formation Day). Originally known as the State of Mysore /maɪˈsɔər/, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973. It is the land of the Kannadigas, Tuluvas, Konkanis and Kodavas. The capital and largest city is Bangalore.
Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres (74,122 sq mi), or 5.83% of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth largest Indian state by area. With over 61 million inhabitants (2011), Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.
The two main river systems of the state are Krishna and its tributaries (Bhima, Ghataprabha, Vedavati, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra) in the north, and the Cauvery and its tributaries (Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavathi, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini) in the south. Both these rivers flow eastward and fall into the Bay of Bengal.
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Kerala
Kerala or Keralam /ˈkɛrələ/ is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was formed on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions.
The state has an area of 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi) and is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Arabian Sea on the west. Thiruvananthapuram is the state capital. Kochi and Kozhikode are other major cities. According to a survey by The Economic Times, five out of ten best cities to live in India are located in Kerala.
Kerala has the highest Human Development Index in India, higher than that of most developed countries The state has the highest literacy rate in India with 93.91 percent. It hopes to be the first e-literate state in India through the state run Akshaya project. The state recently became and is currently the only one to have banking facilities in every village. A survey conducted in 2005 by Transparency International ranked Kerala as the least corrupt state in the country. Kerala is also ranked as India's cleanest state. Kerala has witnessed significant migration of its people, especially to the Persian Gulf countries during the Kerala Gulf boom and is heavily dependent on remittances from its large Malayali expatriate community.
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Kongu Nadu
Kongu Nadu (Tamil: கொங்குநாடு) is a region comprising the western part of the Tamil Nadu India. The region is bounded on the west and north-west by the Karnataka state, on the west by the Kerala state, on the east by Tondai Nadu, on the south-east by Chola Nadu and on the south by Madurai regions of Tamilakam.
There is no definite origin for the word Kongu, several scholars have given their views. The name Kongu Nadu is believed to have been gained from 'Kongadesam', "Konga" a derivant of the term "Ganga", meaning 'land of the Gangas' see Western Ganga Dynasty.Kangayam is the old capial of Kongu Nadu, (Sanskrit: Ganga+eyam = Gangeyam : seat of the Western Ganga Dynasty. Kongu means in Sangam Tamil 'border'. A more appropriate meaning is honey or nectar of flowers as the Kongu country had vast stretches of forests. According to V. Ramamurthy, in his 'History of Kongu: Volume 1' says, "It [Kongu] was believed to be rich in honey or nectar of flowers."
The geographical extent of Kongu Nadu is roughly confined to the territories of the ancient Tamilakam.[citation needed]
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Ladakh
Ladakh (Wylie: la-dwags, Ladakhi [lad̪ɑks], Hindi: लद्दाख़, Urdu: لدّاخ [ləd̪ˈd̪aːx]; "land of high passes") is a region of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state in the control of the Republic of India. It is however disputed territory between Pakistan and India. It lies between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent. It is one of the most sparsely populated regions in Jammu and Kashmir.
Historically, the region included the Baltistan (Baltiyul) valleys, the Indus Valley, the remote Zangskar, Lahaul and Spiti to the south, Aksai Chin and Ngari, including the Rudok region and Guge, in the east, and the Nubra valleys to the north.
Contemporary Ladakh borders Tibet to the east, the Lahaul and Spiti to the south, the Vale of Kashmir, Jammu and Baltiyul regions to the west, and the trans–Kunlun territory of Xinjiang to the far north. Ladakh is renowned for its remote mountain beauty and culture. It is sometimes called "Little Tibet" as it has been strongly influenced by Tibetan culture.
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh /ˈmɑːdjə prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviated MP, often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city.
Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and with over 75 million inhabitants the sixth largest state in India by population. It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the southeast, Maharashtra to the south, Gujarat to the west, and Rajasthan to the northwest.
The city of Ujjain (also known as Avanti) arose as a major center in the second wave of Indian urbanization in the sixth century BC, and served as the chief city of the kingdom of Malwa or Avanti. Further east, the kingdom of Chedi lie in Bundelkhand. Chandragupta Maurya united northern India c. 320 BC, establishing the Maurya empire (321 to 185 BC), which included all of modern-day Madhya Pradesh. King Ashoka's wife was said to come from Vidisha- a town north of today's Bhopal. The Maurya empire went into decline after the death of Asoka the Great, and Central India was contested among the Sakas, Kushanas, and local dynasties during the 3rd to 1st centuries BCE. Ujjain emerged as the predominant commercial center of western India from the first century BCE, located on the trade routes between the Ganges plain and India's Arabian Sea ports. It was also an important Hindu and Buddhist center.
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Maharashtra
Maharashtra /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ (Marathi: महाराष्ट् mahārāṣṭra [məharaːʂʈrə] ( listen)) is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India. Maharashtra is the richest state in India, contributing 15% of the country's industrial output and 13.3% of its GDP (2006–2007 figures).
Maharashtra is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, Gujarat and the Union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli to the northwest, Madhya Pradesh to the northeast, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the south, Andhra Pradesh to the southeast, and Goa to the southwest. The state covers an area of 307,731 km2 (118,816 sq mi) or 9.84% of the total geographical area of India. Mumbai, the capital city of the state, is India's largest city and the financial capital of the nation. Nagpur is the second capital of the state. Marathi is the official language.
Maharashtra is the world's second most populous first-level administrative country sub-division. Were it a nation in its own right, Maharashtra would be the world's tenth most populous country ahead of Mexico.
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Mahoba
Mahoba (Hindi: महोबा, Urdu: مہوبا) is a city and Mahoba District of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, in the Bundelkhand region. Mahoba is known for its closeness to Khajuraho, Laundi and other historic places like Kulpahar, Charkhari, Kalinjar, Orchha, and Jhansi. The town is connected with railways and state highways.
Mahoba was the capital of the Chandel Rajputs, who ruled Bundelkhand from the 10th to the 16th centuries. The Chandel king Vijaypal (1035–1045) built the Vijay-sagar reservoir, one of several artificial lakes in Mahoba created by the Chandel rulers. During the reign of king Paramardi (c. 1165-?), the Chauhan king Prithviraj III of Delhi and Ajmer captured Mahoba c. 1182, despite the resistance of his generals Alha & Udal. The Chandelas recaptured Mahoba a few years later, but the city was captured by the Muslim general Qutb-ud-din Aybak, later Sultan of Delhi, in 1203.
The Chandel ruler Keerat Pal Singh recaptured Mahoba in the 14th century. Emperor Sher Shah Suri campaigned against the Chandelas, and captured Mahoba before dying while besieging Kalinjar in 1545. The Mughal emperor Akbar captured Mahoba a few decades later.
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Mahoba District
Mahoba district (Hindi: महोबा जिला) is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh state of India and Mahoba town is the district headquarters. Mahoba district is a part of Chitrakoot Division. The district occupies an area of 2884 km². It has a population of 876,055 (2011 census). As of 2011 it is the least populous district of Uttar Pradesh (out of 71).
This district was carved out from the erstwhile Hamirpur district on 11 February 1995 by separating the erstwhile Mahoba tehsil from it. It is also known as Mahoutsav-Nagar, means city of festival. in mahoba alha-udal lives & they fight against prathviraj chauhan and both of them win to chauhan and save our place mahoba so alha is the most powerful men of mahoba and anyone can not defeated.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Mahoba one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Mahoba is 140 km from Jhansi and associated with the Chandela kings who ruled over Bundelkhand between the 9th and the 11th centuries. The Chandelas, who are best remembered for the now world-famous temples they built at Khajuraho, were also great warriors. At Mahoba, the impregnable hilltop fort and the lakes they created are considered engineering feats and their water management systems can still be seen. Mahoba was also a great cultural center. Ballads praise its days of glory and narrate the inspiring saga of Alha and Udal, two brothers who sacrificed their lives for the honor of their land.
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Malwa
Malwa (Devnagari: मालवा,) is a natural region in west-central northern India occupying a plateau of volcanic origin.
Geologically, the Malwa Plateau generally refers to the volcanic upland south of the Vindhya Range. Politically and administratively, the historical Malwa region includes districts of western Madhya Pradesh and parts of south-eastern Rajasthan. The definition of Malwa is sometimes extended to include the Nimar region north of the Vindhyas.
The Malwa region had been a separate political unit from the time of the ancient Malava Kingdom. It has been ruled by several kingdoms and dynasties, including the Avanti Kingdom, the Mauryans, the Guptas, the Parmaras, the Malwa sultans, the Mughals and the Marathas. Malwa continued to be an administrative division until 1947, when the Malwa Agency of British India was merged into Madhya Bharat (also known as Malwa Union) state of independent India.
Although its political borders have fluctuated throughout history, the region has developed its own distinct culture, influenced by the Rajasthani, Marathi and Gujarati cultures. Several prominent people in the history of India have hailed from Malwa, including the poet and dramatist Kalidasa, the author Bhartrihari, the mathematicians and astronomers Varahamihira and Brahmagupta, and the polymath king Bhoja. Ujjain had been the political, economic, and cultural capital of the region in ancient times, and Indore is presently the largest city and commercial centre.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire, Shahan-e-Gurkhani, Shahan-e-Mughal, Sultanate-e-Mughliya, Daulat-e-Mughliya (Persian: شاهان گورکانی Shāhān-e Gūrkānī; Urdu: مغلیہ سلطنت; self-designation: گوركانى Gūrkānī ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. The Mughal Empire began in 1526; at the height of their power in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled most of the Indian Subcontinent—extending from Bengal in the east to Balochistan in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. According to "Babur-Nama", Kazakh tribal aristocracy along with number of other Turkic soldiers participated actively in the campaign of Babur, which made great influence over the development of Mughal Empire. Its population at that time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million, over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
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Narsinghpur
Narsinghpur or Narsimhapur is a town in Madhya Pradesh in central India. It is the capital of the Narsinghpur District.
Narsinghpur has a large temple dedicated to Lord Narsingh, constructed by Jat Sardar in the 18th century. The Khirwar clan of Jats came from Brij and founded Narsinghpur, where they ruled for many years. Khirwars of Narsinghpur were followers of Narsingh, and so constructed two temples dedicated to Narsingh Avatar.
There are a number sites of interest to archaeologists in the area, as the area has been inhabited since the second century AD, according to historical documents from that time. Narsinghpur has a number of sacred sites, including a nearby cave associated with Adi Guru Shankracharya's place of meditations and studies.
This area was under the rule of Satvahans from the second to fourth centuries AD, after which time it was under the Gupts when Samudra Gupt extended the borders of his kingdom. There is some historical evidence for Padi rule. There is no record of this area until the 9th century, when the Kalchuri kingdom was established. The Kalchuri capital was near the Narmada river, later established at Tripuri.
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Orai
Orai (Hindi: उरई) is a city and a municipal board in Jalaun district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the district headquarters for Jalaun District which is part of Jhansi division.
Due to its proximity to industrial city Kanpur, this city has already seen a significant growth in industrial area. Orai has a three star hotel, railway station, three cinema halls and a notable industrial area with the companies of international reputation like Hindustan Unilever limited, oil refinery etc.
Orai has been named after a saint (Rishi) Uddalak because he worshipped there and has historical value because of its location, which is between Jhansi, Mahoba and Kalpi. Orai was also known as the City of King 'Mahil' who was infamous for his bad habits and back-biting; he betrayed his nephews Aalah and Udal and one of them, Udal, was killed and according to a proverb Aalah is still alive because he is immortal.
Orai is located at 25°59′N 79°28′E / 25.98°N 79.47°E / 25.98; 79.47. It has an average elevation of 114 metres (374 ft). map of orai is as shown
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Orchha
Orchha (or Urchha) is a town in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh state, India. The town was established by Maharaja Rudra Pratap Singh in 1501, as the seat of an eponymous former princely state of central India, in the Bundelkhand region. Orchha lies on the Betwa River, 80 km from Tikamgarh & 15 km from Jhansi in Uttar Pradesh.
Orchha was founded in the AD, by the Bundela chief, Rudra Pratap Singh, who became the first King of Orchha, (r. 1501-1531) and also built the Fort of Orchha. He died in an attempt to save a cow from a lion. The Chaturbhuj Temple was built, during the time of Akbar, by the Queen of Orchha, while Raj Mandir was built by 'Madhukar Shah' during his reign, 1554 to 1591.
On a seasonal island on the bank of the Betwa River, which has been surrounded by a battlement wall, stands a huge palace-fort. The fort consists of several connected buildings erected at different times, the most noteworthy of which are the Raja Mahal and the Jahangir Mahal.
The Ram Raja Temple is built on a square base and has an almost entirely plain exterior, relieved by projecting windows and a line of delicate domes along the summit. The Jahangir Mahal is built on a rectangular base and is relieved by a circular tower at each corner surmounted by a dome, while two lines of graceful balconies supported on brackets mark the central storeys. The roof is crowned by eight large fluted domes, with smaller domes between them, connected by an ornamental balustrade. The Jahangir Mahal is considered to be a singularly beautiful specimen of Mughal architecture.Chaturbhuj Temple is an old temple from the 9th century.
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Orissa
Orissa /ɔːˈrɪsə/ (Oriya: ଓଡ଼ିଶା [oˑɽisaˑ], Hindi: ओड़िशा – Oṛiśā), officially spelled Odisha, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE. The modern state of Orissa was established on April 1, 1936, as a province in India, and consists predominantly of Oriya speakers. April 1st is therefore celebrated as Utkala Dibasa (formation day of Orissa). Cuttack remained the capital of the state for over eight centuries until April 13, 1948 when Bhubaneswar was officially declared as the new capital of Orissa, and is the present capital of this state.
Orissa is the ninth largest state by area in India, and the eleventh largest by population. Oriya (officially spelled Odia) is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by three quarters of the population. Orissa has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480 km long) and lacked good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradip, until the recent launch of the Dhamara Port (The Dhamra Port Company Limited (DPCL) is a 50:50 joint venture of L&T and Tata Steel. DPCL has been awarded a concession by Government of Orissa to build and operate a port north of the mouth of river Dhamra in Bhadrak district). The narrow, level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the population. The interior of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated.Deomali at 1672 m is the highest point of the state. Orissa is subject to intense cyclones. The most intense one, in October 1999, Tropical Cyclone 05B caused severe damage and nearly 15,000 deaths.
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Pahuj River
Pahuj River is a river flowing through the historical city of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh.
It is tributary of Sindh River, which joins Yamuna River in Etawah, Uttar Pradesh state, just after the Chambal River confluences into Yamuna river.
It is a small and dry river which passes through the Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi.
Due to the construction of Pahuj dam near Jhansi, the river has increased its water level and the dam is an important picnic spot for Jhansi city-dwellers.
Coordinates: 26°25′N 79°10′E / 26.417°N 79.167°E / 26.417; 79.167
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Panna District
Panna district is a district of the Sagar Division, within the Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Panna is the district headquarter.
Panna District was created in 1950, shortly after Indian independence, from the territory of several former princely states of British India, including the states of Panna, Jaso, most of Ajaigarh, and a portion of Paldeo. Panna District was part of the new Indian state of Vindhya Pradesh, which was merged into Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 1956.
Panna district lies between 23° 45' and 25° 10' north latitudes and 79° 45' and 80° 40' east longitudes. It has an area of 7,135 km2.
The Ken River flows through the district. The Pandav Falls and the Gatha Falls are located in the district. Panna National Park is a major tourist attraction in the district.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Panna one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
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Pune
Pune, formerly Poona (pronounced [puɳeː] ( listen)), is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula and Mutha rivers. Pune city is the administrative capital of Pune district.
Pune is known to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Pune was originally called Punawadi. In 1730, Pune became an important political center as the seat of the Peshwa, the prime minister of the Chhatrapati of Satara; it was during this era that Pune became the centre of Indian politics. After the town was annexed to British India in 1817, it served as a cantonment town and as the "monsoon capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the independence of India.
Today, Pune is known for its educational facilities and relative prosperity. Pune is the cultural capital of Maharashtra. Pune has well-established manufacturing, glass, sugar, and forging industries since the 1950-60s. It has a growing industrial hinterland, with many information technology and automotive companies setting up factories in Pune district. The city is known for various cultural activities like classical music, spirituality, theatre, sports, and literature. These activities and job opportunities attract migrants and students from all over India and abroad, which makes for a city of many communities and cultures.
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Rajasthan
Rājasthān /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ (Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen)) the land of Rajasthanis, ("the land of kings"), is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert (Thar Desert), which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with Pakistan. The state is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Gujarat to the southwest, Madhya Pradesh to the southeast, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana to the northeast and Punjab to the north. Rajasthan covers 10.4% of India, an area of 342,269 square kilometres (132,151 sq mi).
Jaipur is the capital and the largest city of the state. Geographical features include the Thar Desert along north-western Rajasthan and the termination of the Ghaggar River near the archaeological ruins at Kalibanga of the Indus Valley Civilization, which are the oldest in the Indian subcontinent discovered so far.
One of the world's oldest mountain ranges, the Aravalli Range, cradles the only hill station of Rajasthan, Mount Abu, famous for Dilwara Temples, a sacred pilgrimage for Jains. Eastern Rajasthan has the world famous Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. It also has two national tiger reserves, Ranthambore and Sariska Tiger Reserve, and a famous temple in Khatu, Sikar district, dedicated to Khatu Shyam Ji. Rajasthan was formed on 30 March 1949, when the region known until then as Rajputana, consisting of erstwhile princely states ruled mainly by Rajputs.
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Sagar District
Coordinates: 23°48′N 78°40′E / 23.8°N 78.667°E / 23.8; 78.667 Sagar District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The town of Sagar serves as its administrative center.
The district has an area of 10,252 km², and a population of 2,021,783 (2001 census), a 23% increase from its 1991 population of 1,646,198. Sagar is bounded by Lalitpur District of Uttar Pradesh state to the north, and the Madhya Pradesh districts of Chhatarpur to the northeast, Damoh to the east, Narsinghpur to the south, Raisen to the southwest, Vidisha to the west, and Ashoknagar to the northwest.
As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Madhya Pradesh (out of 50), after Indore and Jabalpur.
Sagar District is an extensive, elevated and in parts tolerably level plain, broken in places by low hills of the Vindhyan sandstone. It is traversed by numerous streams, chief of which are the Sunar, Beas, Dhasan and Bina rivers, all flowing in a northerly direction towards the valley of the Ganges. In the southern and central parts the soil is black, formed by decaying trap; to the north and east it is a reddish-brown alluvium. Iron ore of excellent quality is found and worked at Hirapur, a small village in the extreme north-east. The district contains several densely wooded tracts, the largest of which is the Ramna teak forest preserve in the north.
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Samthar
Samthar is a city and a municipal board in Jhansi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
As of 2001[update] India census, Samthar had a population of 20,227. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Samthar has an average literacy rate of 55%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 43%. In Samthar, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Samthar was formerly known as Samshergarh. Samthar was an independent principality under the great Gurjar warriors. The independent state of Samthar was created by Chandrabhan vir Gujar and his grand son Madan singh, Governors of the state of Datia.
Coordinates: 25°51′N 78°55′E / 25.85°N 78.917°E / 25.85; 78.917
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Sarila
Sarila is a town and a nagar panchayat in Hamirpur district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is situated on Rath-Jalapur Road 0r MDR-41B it is 28km from Rath
Sarila is located at 25°46′N 79°41′E / 25.77°N 79.68°E / 25.77; 79.68. It has an average elevation of 129 metres (423 feet).
As of 2001[update] India census, Sarila had a population of 7858. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Sarila has an average literacy rate of 49%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 64%, and female literacy is 33%. In Sarila, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
A number of senior secondary and secondary schools are available in Rath:
There are many historical places, many temples and mosques located in Sarila.
Sarila is governed by a municipality under the Uttar Pradesh Municipal Act. The council is called Nagar Panchayat
Sarila is the headquarter of sub division which is headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate (S.D.M.). SDM is assisted by four officers one Tehsil Magistrate and Nayab Tehsil Magistrates.
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Sheopur District
Sheopur District (Hindi: श्योपुर जिला) is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The district is located in the north of the state and forms part of Chambal Division.
The town of Sheopur is the district headquarters. Other towns include Bijeypur, Karahal and Badoda. The district has a population of 559,495 (2001 census) and covers an area of 6606 km².
As of 2011, its population is 687,952 and it is the third least populous district of Madhya Pradesh (out of 50), after Harda and Umaria.
It is one out of 21 tribal district of Madhya Pradesh.
Sheopur district was carved out of Morena District in 1998.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Sheopur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 24 districts in Madhya Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
The district comprises three sub-divisions: Sheopur, Vijaypur and Karahal. Sheopur sub-division consists two tehsils: Sheopur and Baroda. Vijaypur sub-division also comprises two tehsils: Vijaypur and Veerpur. Karahal sub-division comprises the lone tehsil of Karahal. There are two nagar palikas in this district: Sheopur and Baroda and a nagar panchayat, Vijaypur.
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Shivpuri District
Shivpuri District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state of India. The town of Shivpuri is the district headquarters. Important towns in the district are: Badarwas, Karera, Khaniyadhana, Kolaras, Narwar and Pichhore.
Shivpuri District has Narwar town of historical importance just east of the Kali Sind River, situated at a distance of 41 km from Shivpuri. It is famous for medieval fortress of Narwar.
Shivpuri is famous for Madhav National Park. This national park has a varied terrain of forested hills and flat grasslands around the lake. It is very rich in biodiversity. Sakhya Sagar and Madhav Sagar lakes, created on Manier River in 1918, are two important biodiversity support systems in the national park. The Sailing Club situated on Sakhya Sagar at the entrance of the National park is a place of scenic beauty.
Col. G.S. Dhillon is a famous person from Shivpuri District. He was the last survivor of the Historic trial on 5 November 1945 at the Red Fort. He was living at Hatod village in Shivpuri District till his death.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Telangana
Telangana which literally means Land of Telugu people, is a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh, India and formerly was part of Hyderabad state which was ruled by the Nizams. It is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west, Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Orissa to the east. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions of which Telengana is one; others include Coastal Andhra region in the east and Rayalaseema region in the south. The Telangana region has an area of 114,840 square kilometres (44,340 sq mi), and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census) which is 41.6% of Andhra Pradesh state population.
The Telangana region comprises 10 districts: Hyderabad, Adilabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
Since Telangana was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state in 1956, there were several agitations in Telangana to invalidate the merger and to form Telangana state. On December 9, 2009, Government of India announced process of formation of Telangana state. Due to objections raised in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions immediately after the announcement, and due to the agitation in those regions for 14 days, the decision to form to new state was put on hold on December 23, 2009. Since December 2009, Telangana movement intensified and it continue to dominate the state politics and is the cause of instability in the region.
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Tikamgarh
Tikamgarh ( टीकमगढ़ ) ( ٹیکمگاڑھ ) is a city and a tehsil, in Tikamgarh district, Madhya Pradesh, it also the district headquarter. The earlier name of the town was 'Tehri' (i..e. a triangle) consisting of three hamlets, forming a rough triangle. In the Tikamgarh town there is muhalla still known as 'Purani Tehri'. Until Indian independence in 1947, Tikamgarh, formerly called Tehri, was part of the kingdom of Orchha, which was founded in the 16th century by the Bundeli chief Rudra Pratap, who became the first Raja of Orchha. In 1783 the capital of the state was moved to Tehri, about 40 miles south of Orchha, which was home to the fort of Tikamgarh, and the town eventually took the name of the fort. The district is famous for the old fort of Kundar known as Garh Kundar, which was built by Khangars and remained the capital of kshatriya Khangar rulers from 1180 to 1347.
The district is named after its headquarters, Tikamgarh. The original name of the town was Tihri. In 1783, the ruler of Orchha Vikramajit (1776–1817) shifted his capital from Orchha to Tihri and renamed it Tikamgarh (Tikam is one of the names of Krishna).
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Tikamgarh District
Tikamgarh district (Hindi: टीकमगढ़ जिला) is one of the 50 districts of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. Tikamgarh town is the district headquarters. The district is part of Sagar Division.
It is bounded on the east and southeast by Chhatarpur District of Madhya Pradesh, and by the Uttar Pradesh districts of Lalitpur on the west and Jhansi on the north. Tikamgarh District has an area of 5048 km².
The district is named after its headquarters, Tikamgarh. The original name of the town was Tihri. In 1783, the ruler of Orchha Vikramajit (1776–1817) shifted his capital from Orchha to Tihri and renamed it Tikamgarh (Tikam is one of the names of Krishna).
The area covered by this district was part of the Princely State of Orchha till its merger with the Indian Union. The Orchha state was founded by Rudra Pratap in 1501. After merger, it became one of the eight districts of Vindhya Pradesh state in 1948. Following the reorganization of states on 1 November 1956 it became a district of the newly carved Madhya Pradesh
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Tons River
The Tons is the largest tributary of the Yamuna and flows through Garhwal region in Uttarakhand, touching Himachal Pradesh. The Tons thrust is named after this river.
Its source lies in the 20,720 ft (6,315 meters)) high Bandarpunch mountain, and is one of the most major perennial Indian Himalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which its meets below Kalsi near Dehradun, Uttarakhand .
Tons valley lies in Jaunsar Bawar region, as it emerges from the Himalayas has Dehradun on its eastern bank. The cantonment town of Chakrata is situated between, the Tons and Yamuna rivers.
The Pabbar River is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. The Pabbar River is the westernmost river that drains east to the Ganges. The Sutlej River is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into the Indus.
The Asan River is a tributary of the Tons that is often named (incorrectly) after this great river as the Tons. The Asan river is a confluence of two small river systems; one comprising streams flowing south from the Himalayan range running from Vikas Nagar towards Tehri (with Mussorie in the centre), and the other comprising streams flowing north-west from the lower Shiwalik hills (that separate Dehradun and Saharanpur districts). The misnomer Tons stands for the river originating from the Mussorie hills, flowing down through Robber's cave, Bijapur canal and Tapkeshwar Mahadev, before emerging into a broad valley behind IMA. This river receives substantial waters from several streams flowing south from the Himalayan slopes. It goes on west beyond the locality of Premnagar to finally join the streams from the lower Shiwaliks and flow toward the Yamuna, which it joins near Poanta Sahib. Asan barrage is constructed just before this confluence.
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Tulu Nadu
Tulu Nadu (IAST: Tuḷu nāḍɯ) is a Tulu-speaking region spread over parts of present Karnataka and Kerala States of India. It consists of the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts of Karnataka and the northern parts of the Kasaragod district of Kerala up to the Payaswini River.Mangalore (Kudla), Udupi (Odipu) and Kasaragod (Kasrodu) are its important cities.
According to Census of India 2001, the population of this region was 3,005,898.
The majority of the population in Tulu Nadu are Tuluvas. Other ethnic groups who settled here include Konkanass, and Bearys.
Tulu is spoken by the vast overwhelming majority of the populace. Konkani speakers constitute the second largest followed by speakers of Beary bashe.
Tulu Nadu lies along the Konkan Coast. Tulu Nadu is bounded on the west by the Arabian Sea and on the east by the Western Ghats. Tulu Nadu spans an area of 8,441 km2 (3,259 sq mi), roughly 4.4 per cent of the total geographical area of present-day Karnataka.
Tulu Nadu also experience heavy rainfalls during Monsoon season. The coastal area of Tulu Nadu is very rich with respect to rainforests and backwaters. The region has a tropical climate; summer and winter months experience similar temperate conditions, with average temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 33 °C.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh /ˌʌtər prəˈdɛʃ/, abbreviation U.P. ("Northern Province"; formerly: United Provinces), is a state located in the north western part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity. Were it a nation in its own right, Uttar Pradesh would be the world's fifth most populous country, ahead of Brazil (a country thirty-five times larger in territorial area than Uttar Pradesh). On 9 November 2000, the Himalayan portion of the state, comprising the Garhwal and Kumaon divisions and Haridwar district, was formed into a new state 'Uttaranchal', now called Uttarakhand, meaning the 'Northern Segment' state.
Uttar Pradesh is the second largest state-economy in India, with a GDP of $103.5 billion in 2009. The annual per capita GDP of the state was $1586 in 2009, on purchasing power parity basis. It contributed 8.34% to India's total GDP in the financial year 2010. Agriculture is a significant part of UP's economy. The state was India's sixth largest producer of fruits, and became the largest producer of vegetables in 2010. With an area of 93,933 sq mi (243,290 km2), Uttar Pradesh covers a large part of the highly fertile and densely populated upper Gangetic plain. It shares an international border with Nepal to the north. Other states along Uttar Pradesh's border include Uttarakhand, Haryana and Delhi to the north and northwest; Rajasthan on the west; Madhya Pradesh on the south; Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand on the south east; and Bihar on the east.
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Vidarbha
Nagpur, Amravati, Akola
Vidarbha (Marathi: विदर्भ) is the eastern region of Maharashtra state made up of Nagpur Division and Amravati Division. Its former name is Berar (Varhad in Marathi). It occupies 31.6% of total area and holds 21.3% of total population of Maharashtra. It borders the state of Madhya Pradesh to the north, Chattisgarh to the east, Andhra Pradesh to the south and Marathwada and Khandesh regions of Maharashtra to the west. Situated in central India, Vidarbha has its own rich cultural and historical background distinct from rest of Maharashtra. The largest city in Vidarbha is Nagpur, the second largest is Amravati while Akola stands third followed by Yavatmal, Chandrapur and Gondia. A majority of Vidarbhians speak Vahardi, a dialect of Marathi.
The region is famous for growing oranges and cotton. Vidarbha holds two-thirds of Maharashtra's mineral resources, three quarters of its forest resources, and is a net producer of power. Throughout its history, Vidarbha has remained much calmer during the communal troubles than the rest of India; but it is plagued very much by poverty and malnutrition. It is less economically prosperous compared to the rest of Maharashtra.
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Vindhya Pradesh
Vindhya Pradesh (Hindi: विंध्य प्रदेश) is a former state of India. It occupied an area of 23,603 sq. miles. It was created in 1948, shortly after Indian independence, from the territories of the princely states in the eastern portion of the former Central India Agency. It was named for the Vindhya Range, which runs through the center of the province. The capital of the state was Rewa. It lay between Uttar Pradesh to the north and Madhya Pradesh to the south, and the enclave of Datia, which lay a short distance to the west, was surrounded by the state of Madhya Bharat.
Vindhya Pradesh state was formed on 12 March 1948 and the newly formed state was inaugurated on 4 April 1948. Following 35 princely states were merged to form Vindhya Pradesh state:
On 25 January 1950, 10 erstwhile princely states, namely, Baihath, Banka Paharee, Baonee, Beri, Bijona, Charkharee, Jagnee, Samthar, Sareela and Tauree Fatehpur were transferred to Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Bharat. Vindhya Pradesh, together with the states of Madhya Bharat and Bhopal State, was merged into Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 1956.
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Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range (Sanskrit: विन्ध्य) is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent, which geographically separates the Indian subcontinent into northern India (the Indo-Gangetic plain) and Southern India.
The western end of the range is in the state of Gujarat at the eastern side of the Gujarat peninsula, near the border with the modern states of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. Reaching the sub-continent proper, the range runs east and north nearly to the Ganges River at Mirzapur. The area to the north and west of the range are arid and inhospitable, located in the shadow of both the Vindhya and the higher Aravalli range to the south blocking the prevailing winds.
The southern slopes of the range are drained by the Narmada River, which proceeds westward to the Arabian Sea in the wide valley between the Vindhya Range and the parallel Satpura Range farther to the south. The northern slopes of the range are drained by tributaries of the Ganges, including the Kali Sindh, Parbati, Betwa, & Ken (both are tributary of the yamuna, ), Son & Tamsa or Tons both are tributary of the Ganges, drains the southern slopes of the range at its eastern end.
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West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km2), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.
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Western Orissa
Coordinates: 20°35′N 84°28′E / 20.58°N 84.47°E / 20.58; 84.47
Western Orissa, also referred as Kosal is a territory in western part of Orissa, India, extending from the Kalahandi district in the south to the Sundargarh district in the northwest. Western Orissa includes the districts of Balangir, Bargarh, Boudh, Deogarh, Jharsuguda, Kalahandi, Nuapada, Sambalpur, Sonepur, Sundargarh, and Aathamallik Sub-division of Angul Dist. During the Chauhan rule this land was also known as Hirakhand, literal meaning in English is the land of Diamonds. Their kingdom comprised all the present districts of Western Orissa except the dist of Kalahandi.
Prior to the 5th century, Dakshin Kosal was one of the several names by which this region was known. It is a vast geographical area, exhibiting a great degree of cultural uniformity in terms of demography and life-style.
This geographical area is also recognised by state government of Orissa as the area under Western Orissa development council (WODC). The Sonepur, Balangir, Nuapada, and Kalahandi districts of this region are also part of the Kalahandi Balangir Koraput or "KBK" area, noted for its high death rate from starvation and poverty. The book Cultural Profile of South Kosal depicts the rich history and culture of Kosalanchal.
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Akbar
Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: جلال الدین محمد اکبر - Jalāl ud-Dīn Muḥammad Akbar), also known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam or Akbar the Great (14 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India. He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors.
Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in Delhi (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful Pashtun descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he decisively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king Hemu. It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and central India into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Hindu Rajput caste, and by marrying Rajput princesses.
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Alha
Alha of the Banaphar Rajput clan was the famous general of the great Chandel king Paramdidev, or Parmal, who fought Prithviraj Chauhan in 1182 CE. Alha's mother, Devaki, was a member of the Ahir caste. In the Puranas, when Mahpati (Mahil) states that Ahlada (Alsha) has come to be of "low family" (kule hinatvamagatah), it is because his mother is an Arya Abhiri (aryabhiri: ans "Aryan" Ahir)(13.88-91).[further explanation needed]
Alha is one of the heroes of the Alha-Khand poem, popularly recited in the Bundelkhand region of India, a work that is also known as Parmal Raso.
Alha Udal bade ladaiya jinse haar gayi talwar (meaning "Alha and Udal were such great fighters that even swords were defeated by them"), the folklore of great military experts Alha and Udal, is still sung in the heartland of Bundelkhand. According to legends and folklores, Alha was undefeatable, as he was made immortal by the goddess Sharda. The shrine of the goddess is at Maihar in Madhya Pradesh (India). Folklore portrays Alha as having gifted his head to Sharda after cutting it off with a sword and the goddess, extremely pleased by the act, then makes him immortal. Alha also had two maternal brothers, Malkhan and Sulkhan, and folklore presents Malkhan as a man with enormous strength, represented in the sentence, "das das haathi bhuj par taule" (meaning "ten elephants were weighed by him on one hand"); the sentence is a form of poetic interpretation delivered through folklore.
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Chandra Shekhar Azad
Chandra Shekhar Azad (23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as Azad ("The Liberated"), was one of the most important Indian revolutionaries who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association under the new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) after the death of its founder Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil and three other prominent party leaders, Thakur Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri and Ashfaqulla Khan. He is considered to be the mentor of Bhagat Singh and chief strategist of the HSRA.
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Saryuparin Brahmins family of Pandit Sitaram Tiwari and Jagrani Devi in the Badarka village of Unnao district in Uttar Pradesh. He spent his childhood in the village Bhabhra when his father was serving in the erstwhile estate of Alirajpur.
He learned archery from the tribal Bhils of erstwhile Jhabua district which helped him later on during the arms struggle against the Britishers.
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Dhyan Chand
Dhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Indian field hockey player who was considered to be one of the greatest players of all time. Chand is most remembered for his goal-scoring feats and for his three Olympic gold medals (1928, 1932, and 1936) in field hockey, while India was dominant in the sport.
He is best known as “the Wizard” for his superb ball control, Chand played his final international match in 1948, having scored more than 400 goals during his international career.
He was the elder brother of fellow player Roop Singh. His father Sameshwar Dutt Singh was in the Indian Army, and he played hockey in the army. Dhyan Chand had two brothers - Mool Singh, and Roop Singh. Because of Sameshwar Dutt's numerous army transfers, the family had to move to different cities and as such Chand had to terminate his education after only six years of schooling. The family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. Being in the military, Dhyan's father got a small piece of land for a house.
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Hari Singh Gour
Hari Singh Gaur (26 November 1870 – 25 December 1949), also known as Sir Hari Singh Gour and Dr. Hari Singh Gaur, was a distinguished lawyer, jurist, educationist, social reformer, poet, and novelist. He was one of the greatest visionaries of education of this century on the Indian subcontinent and even on a global scale. Gour was the Founder Vice-Chancellor of the University of Delhi and Nagpur University, founder and Vice Chancellor of the University of Sagar, Deputy President of the Central Legislative Assembly of British India, an Indian Delegate to the Joint Parliamentary Committee, a Member of the Royal Commission on the Indian Constitution (popularly known as the Simon Commission), and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
Hari Singh Gaur was born on November 26, 1870 in a poor family near Sagar, India. The family had to be supported by Hari Singh's eldest brother who provided an allowance of 50 rupees per month. Hari Singh's father was a carpenter, but the young boy did not have an interest in this trade. At the age of ten, Hari Singh won a scholarship of two rupees per month which enabled him to attend a night school in Sagar. Later, with the help of another scholarship he went to Jabalpur to undertake further studies. Mathematics was his favorite subject and for this he received a special prize. He passed his Intermediate examination from Hislop College, Nagpur, a free church institution, standing first in the whole province. This successful foundation paved the way for a bright future. Hari Singh was the only student to receive Honors in English and History.
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Harishankar Parsai
Harishankar Parsai (हरिशंकर परसाई) (August 22, 1924 – 1995) was a Hindi writer. He was a noted satirist and humorist of modern Hindi literature and is known for his simple and direct style.
He was born in Jamnia village near Itarsi in Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh. He completed his M.A. in English from R.T.M. Nagpur University. After pursuing writing along with his service for some time, he quit his job and took writing as a full-time career. He settled in Jabalpur (M.P) and started a literature magazine called Vasudha. He had to stop the magazine after the publication suffered economic losses.
The great satirist left this world on August 10, 1995 in Jabalpur.
He won Sahitya Akademi Award in 1982, for his satire, "Viklaang Shraddha ka daur" 'विकलांग श्रद्धा का दौर'
Story Collections:
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Indeevar
Shyamalal Babu Rai, known professionally as Indeevar(in Hindi इंदीवर), (credited as Indiwar, Indeewar, Indivar, or Indiver) (1924 – February 27, 1997 ) was one of the leading Hindi film lyricists in the 1960s. He grew up in Barua Sagar in Jhansi District, from where he moved to Bombay.
He got recognition in Malhaar in 1956, where he penned "Bade Armano Se Rakkha Hai Balam Teri Kasam" which was set to music by Roshan. He wrote over a thousand songs in over 300 films in a career spanning over four decades[citation needed]. Indivar also wrote songs for famous pop duo Nazia Hassan and Zohaib Hassan. Nazia Hassan's famous songs "Aap Jaisa Koi", "Boom Boom", "Meherbani", "Dil ki Lagi" & Zohaib Hassan's "Star" was written by Indeevar.
His notable songs include
Wins
Nominations
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Maharaja Chhatrasal
Budelkhand Kesri Maharaja Chhatrasal (4 May 1649 – 20 December 1731), was a Bundeli warrior who chose to turn against the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb and seek to establish his own kingdom in Bundelkhand.He lived for 82 years successfully.
He was born in Kachar Kachnai on the 4th of May in 1649, to Champat Rai and Lal Kunwar. Chhatrasal raised the banner of revolt against the Mughals in Bundelkhand at the age of 22, with an army of 5 horsemen and 25 swordsmen, in 1671. During the first ten years of his revolt he conquered a large tract of land between Chitrakoot and Panna on the east and Gwalior on the west. His domains streched from Kalpi in the north to Sagar, Garah Kota and Damoh in the south. Some of the Mughal generals who were defeated by him were Rohilla Khan, Kaliq, Munawwar Khan, Sadruddin, Sheikh Anwar, Sayyid Latif, Bahlol Khan and Abdus Ahmed.
Maharaja Chhatrasal captured Mahoba in 1680. Upon his death on the 20th of December 1731, Chhatrasal bequeathed Mahoba and the surrounding area to the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao I in return for Baji Rao's assistance against the Mughals.
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Mahmud of Ghazni
Mahmud of Ghazni (Persian: محمود غَزنوی / Maḥmūd-e Ġaznawī; November 2, 971 – April 30, 1030), actually Yamīn ad-Dawlah Abdul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd Ibn Sebüktegīn, was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid dynasty who ruled from 997 until his death in 1030 in the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent. Mahmud turned the former provincial city of Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan into the wealthy capital of an extensive empire which covered most of today's Afghanistan, eastern Iran, as well as Pakistan and North-West India. He was also the first ruler to carry the title Sultan ("authority"), signifying the extent of his power, though preserving the ideological link to the suzerainty of the Caliph.
In 994, Mahmud joined his father Sebüktigin in the capture of Khorasan from the rebel Fa'iq in aid of the Samanid Emir, Nuh II. During this period the Samanid state became highly unstable, with shifting internal political tides as various factions vied for control, the chief among them being Abu'l-Qasim Simjuri, Fa'iq, Abu Ali[citation needed], the General Behtuzun as well as the neighbouring Buyids and Qarakhanids. Mahmud took over his father's kingdom in 998. In 1002, Mahmud of Ghazni invaded Sistan, dethroned Khalaf I, last of the Saffarid amirs, and ended the Saffarid dynasty.
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Maithili Sharan Gupt
Maithilisharan Gupt (मैथिलीशरण गुप्त) (3 August 1886 – 12 December 1964) was one of the most important modern Hindi poets. He is considered among the pioneers of Khari Boli (plain dialect) poetry and wrote in Khari Boli at a time when most Hindi poets favoured the use of Brajbhasha.
Born Chirgaon, Jhansi in a Gahoi family. His father was Seth Ramcharan Gupta and mother's name was Smt. Kashibai. He disliked school as a child, so his father arranged for his education at their home. As a child, Gupt studied Sanskrit, English and Bengali. Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi was his mentor.He was married on 1895.
Gupt entered the world of Hindi literature by writing poems in various magazines, including Saraswati. In 1910, his first major work, Rang mein Bhang was published from Indian Press. With Bharat Bharati, his nationalist poems became popular among Indians, who were struggling for independence. Most of his poems revolve around plots from Ramayana, Mahabharata, Buddhist stories and the lives of famous religious leaders. His famous work Saket revolves around Urmila, wife of Lakshmana, from Ramayana, while another of his works Yashodhara revolves around Yashodhara, the wife of Gautama Buddha.
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Nathuram Premi
Nathuram Premi (in Hindi - नाथूराम प्रेमी) was a writer, publisher, poet, editor, linguist and an intellectual giant in the field of Jainism as well as Hindi literature. A budding poet, he wrote under the nom de plume of "Premi". Although belonging to the Digambara sect of Jainism, he adopted a non-sectarian attitude and published and translated many Digambara as well as Śvetāmbara works. Working as a clerk in a firm in Mumbai he rose to establish his own publishing house and bookstore Hindi Granth Ratnākar Kāryālay which published works of many of the biggest names in Indian literature, including Munshi Premchand, Hajariprasad Dvivedi, Jainendrakumar, Yashpal, Sharatchandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore. The bookshop and publishing house now called Hindi Granth Karyalay is now being managed by his grandson and great-grandson 100 years after its establishment.
Born on 26 November 1881 in Deori, in the district of Sagar in Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Nāthūrām Premī was the eldest child of Tundelal Modi, a travelling merchant of modest means, belonging to the Paravāra community of Digambara Jains hailing from Bundelkhand. He studied in grammar school and was the monitor of his class. He cleared his pre-high school exams in 1898 and became a schoolteacher nearby at Rehli. In the late 1890s, he married Rama Devi, who was from the nearby village of Sarkheda, in the district of Sagar.
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Rajput
A Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, “son of a king”) is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and some parts of Pakistan. They claim to be descendants of ruling Hindu warrior classes of North India.[dubious – discuss] Rajputs rose to prominence during the 6th to 12th centuries. Until the 20th century Rajputs ruled in the "overwhelming majority" of the princely states of Rajasthan and Surashtra, where the largest number of princely states were found.
The Rajput population and the former Rajput states are found spread through much of the subcontinent, particularly in north, west and central India. Populations are found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Surashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra.
Rajput is from the Sanskrit word Raja-Putra (son of a king). The word is found in ancient texts, including the Vedas, the Ramayana, and the Mahabharata.[citation needed] It was used by the ancient Sanskrit grammarian Pāṇini in the 4th century BCE.[citation needed] The word Kshatriya ("warrior") was used for the Vedic community of warriors and rulers. To differentiate royal warriors from other Kshatriyas the word Rajputra was used.[citation needed] Rajputra eventually was shortened to Rajput; gradually it became a caste.[citation needed] Rajputs claim descent from various mythological patrilineages, being Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, Agnivanshi and Nagavanshi.[citation needed]
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Rani Lakshmibai
Template:Differentiate
Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (c.19 November 1835 – 17 June 1858) (Marathi- झाशीची राणी लक्ष्मीबाई) was the queen of the Maratha-ruled princely state of Jhansi, situated in the north-central part of India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.
lakshmi Bai is born in the holy town Kashi. She was named Manikarnika and was nicknamed Manu. Her father was Moropant Tambe and her mother Bhagirathibai Tambe. Her parents hailed from Maharashtra. couple. Her mother expired when she was four. Her father worked at a court Peshwa of Bithoor district;. Peshwa did bring her up like his own daughter. The Peshwa called her as "Chhabili". The meaning of Chabili is light-heartedness. She was given education at home.
She was more independent in her childhood unlike others of her age. She studied archery, horsemanship, self-defence. Tatya Tope, was her mentor.
Lakshmibai was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi Raja Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. After her marriage she was called as Lakshmi Bai. The Raja was very friendly to her. She gave birth to a boy named Damodar Rao in 1851. However, the child died when it was four months old. After the death of their son, the Raja and Rani of Jhansi adopted a child Anand Rao. Anand Rao was the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, and was renamed as Damodar Rao. However, it is said that the Raja of Jhansi never recovered from his son's death, and died on 21 November 1853.
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Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri (1486 – May 22, 1545) (Pashto: فريد خان شیر شاہ سوری - Šīr Šāh Sūrī, Bengali: শের শাহ সুরি), birth name Farid Khan, also known as Sher Khan (The Lion King), was the founder of the Muslim Sur Empire in northern India, with its capital at Delhi. An Afghan (Pathan) by origin, he rebelled against the Mughals and took control of India in 1540 until an accidental death in 1545 when Islam Shah Suri became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal Army under Babur and then as the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Khan, power hungry turned on his true master and overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur Empire. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself a gifted administrator as well as an able general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar the Great, son of Humayun.
During his five year rule from 1540 to 1545, he set up a new template for civic and military administration, issued the first Rupee and re-organised the postal system of India. He further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra as Patna which had been in decline since the 7th century CE. He is also famously remembered for killing a fully grown tiger with his bare hands in a jungle of Bihar.
wn.com/Sher_Shah_Suri -
Telangana
Telangana which literally means Land of Telugu people, is a region in the present state of Andhra Pradesh, India and formerly was part of Hyderabad state which was ruled by the Nizams. It is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north-west, Karnataka to the west, Chattisgarh to the north-east and Orissa to the east. Andhra Pradesh State has three main cultural regions of which Telengana is one; others include Coastal Andhra region in the east and Rayalaseema region in the south. The Telangana region has an area of 114,840 square kilometres (44,340 sq mi), and a population of 35,286,757 (2011 census) which is 41.6% of Andhra Pradesh state population.
The Telangana region comprises 10 districts: Hyderabad, Adilabad, Khammam, Karimnagar, Mahbubnagar, Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad, Rangareddy, and Warangal. The Musi River, Krishna and Godavari rivers flow through the region from west to east.
Since Telangana was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state in 1956, there were several agitations in Telangana to invalidate the merger and to form Telangana state. On December 9, 2009, Government of India announced process of formation of Telangana state. Due to objections raised in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions immediately after the announcement, and due to the agitation in those regions for 14 days, the decision to form to new state was put on hold on December 23, 2009. Since December 2009, Telangana movement intensified and it continue to dominate the state politics and is the cause of instability in the region.
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Uma Bharti
Uma Ragini Bharti (born May 3, 1959), is an Indian politician. She was born in Tikamgarh District, Madhya Pradesh and from a very young age, started holding discourses on Indian Epics.Her father was an atheist. Raised under the care of the late Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia of Gwalior, Uma Bharati, along with Sadhvi Ritambhara, played a prominent part in the Ayodhya Ram Janmabhoomi Movement. Her signature slogan during the movement was "Dear Ram we will come, and build temple at the place".
At a young age, she became involved with the Bharatiya Janata Party. She contested her first Parliamentary elections in 1984, but lost. In 1989, she successfully contested the Khajurao seat, and retained it in elections conducted in 1991, 1996 and 1998. In 1999, she switched over and won the Bhopal seat. In the Vajpayee Administration, she held various state-level portfolios of Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs & Sports, and finally Coal & Mines.
In the 2003 Assembly polls, Mayank K led the BJP to a three fourths majority in Madhya Pradesh. She defeated her Congress opponent from the Malehra seat with a 25% margin.
wn.com/Uma_Bharti -
Vrindavan Lal Verma
Vrindavan Lal Varma (1889–1969) eminent Hindi novelist and playwright, was born on 9 January 1889 to a noble Srivastava Kayasthya family at Mauranipur. He was honoured with Padam Bhushan for his literary works; Agra University presented him with honorary D. Lit. He received Soviet Land Nehru Award and the government India also awarded him for his novel, Jhansi Ki Rani.
Vrindavan Lal Varma was born on 9 January 1889 in a noble Srivastava Kayasthya family.[citation needed] After graduation from Victoria College, Gwalior, he took a degree in law from Agra College and started practising in Jhansi.[citation needed] He was drawn towards mythological and historical narratives from early childhood. His first original work was Mahatma Buddha Ka Jivan Charitra (1908). His play Senapati Udal (1909) was proscribed by the government.[why?] He wrote some short stories and essays also.
His historical novels are
Varma's social novels include
His plays include an adaptation of his novel, Jhansi ki Rani, Hans Mayur (1950), Bans ki Phans (1950), Pile Hath (1950), Purva ki Aur (1951), Kevat (1951), Nilkanth (1951), Mangal Sutra (1952), Birbal (1953), and Lalit Vikram (1953).
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2012 Bundelkhand Funny cricket commentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
FUNNY CRICKET 2012
http://wn.com/2012_Bundelkhand_Funny_cricket_commentary
Bundelkhand a photo essay.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Music Composed by Prassanna.Vishwanathan
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand_a_photo_essaymov
Bundelkhand's story of suicides
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
Despite a normal monsoon last year and a high court ban on loan recoveries from poor farmers, the disturbing trend of farmer suicides is still far from over in the drought hit region of Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh. NDTV travels to Bundelkhand to try and explore the difficult circumstances, that continue to compel farmers take their own life.
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand's_story_of_suicides
Despite a normal monsoon last year and a high court ban on loan recoveries from poor farmers, the disturbing trend of farmer suicides is still far from over in the drought hit region of Bundelkhand in Uttar Pradesh. NDTV travels to Bundelkhand to try and explore the difficult circumstances, that continue to compel farmers take their own life.
- published: 08 May 2012
- views: 146
- author: ndtv
BUNDELKHAND KA SACH 1.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:24
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
desh ka sabse bada sach.........
http://wn.com/BUNDELKHAND_KA_SACH_1wmv
bundelkhand university nss programme 22 12 12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:25
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
bundelkhand university- nss programme-22.12.12 for voter awareness compaign.
http://wn.com/bundelkhand_university_nss_programme_22_12_12
bundelkhand university- nss programme-22.12.12 for voter awareness compaign.
- published: 04 Jan 2013
- views: 1
- author: Moirangthem Mourdhaja
Bundelkhand toilet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:59
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
this is toilet of bundelkhand express train.this train runs from gwaliour to jhansi.
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand_toilet
this is toilet of bundelkhand express train.this train runs from gwaliour to jhansi.
- published: 30 Dec 2012
- views: 1
- author: Devashish Kumar
Despite Centre's package, suicides on the rise in Bundelkhand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:33
- Updated: 19 Oct 2012
There is a steep rise in the number of farmer suicides in Bundelkhand, one of the poorest regions in the country. Three thousand people have died in the last four years. The central package of 7266 crores meant to transform the region and bring relief to farmers has not been utilised so far. Farmers have alleged that this could be because of corruption.
http://wn.com/Despite_Centre's_package,_suicides_on_the_rise_in_Bundelkhand
There is a steep rise in the number of farmer suicides in Bundelkhand, one of the poorest regions in the country. Three thousand people have died in the last four years. The central package of 7266 crores meant to transform the region and bring relief to farmers has not been utilised so far. Farmers have alleged that this could be because of corruption.
- published: 21 Dec 2011
- views: 199
- author: ndtv
Central Government team reaches Panna, finds fault in Bundelkhand Package
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:50
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
A team of central government reaches Panna to check the issue. JS Samra, CEO, Beundelkhand Package accepts about the faults in entire scheme. For more info log on to: www.youtube.com/abpnewsTV
http://wn.com/Central_Government_team_reaches_Panna,_finds_fault_in_Bundelkhand_Package
A team of central government reaches Panna to check the issue. JS Samra, CEO, Beundelkhand Package accepts about the faults in entire scheme. For more info log on to: www.youtube.com/abpnewsTV
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 40
- author: abpnewstv
bundelkhand
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 60:14
- Updated: 12 Sep 2012
bundelkhand ka dard
http://wn.com/bundelkhand
College Review-Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:27
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
This Video is work of Aditya Yadav, student of Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology in participation of Careers360 Campus Ambassador Program. For more information visit: www.engineering.careers360.com
http://wn.com/College_Review-Bundelkhand_Institute_of_Engineering_Technology
This Video is work of Aditya Yadav, student of Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology in participation of Careers360 Campus Ambassador Program. For more information visit: www.engineering.careers360.com
- published: 19 Nov 2012
- views: 33
- author: Mycareers360
FARMER SUICIDES IN BUNDELKHAND: THE COMPLETE STORY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:43
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Bundelkhand farmers continue to commit suicide continues. Debt-ridden farmers are constantly ending his life. One side shows the farmers' responses. On the other hand if your life continually farmers - are interrupting. WATCH MORE CLICK... shrinews.com
http://wn.com/FARMER_SUICIDES_IN_BUNDELKHAND_THE_COMPLETE_STORY
Bundelkhand farmers continue to commit suicide continues. Debt-ridden farmers are constantly ending his life. One side shows the farmers' responses. On the other hand if your life continually farmers - are interrupting. WATCH MORE CLICK... shrinews.com
- published: 21 Oct 2012
- views: 35
- author: ShriNews
Bundelkhand Express 2012 -10 Days Visual Road-Show & Brochures Distribution in 10 Cities
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:10
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
10 Days Visual Road-Show & Brochures Distribution in 10 Cities: Bundelkhand Express: We are using advertising vehicles fully loaded with all the high-tech equipments of external audio system, giant video screen, colorful lights, full vehicle wrap and roaming around the whole city & placed in virtually all location that our experts visualize the kinds of audience where the brand has to be promoted.
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand_Express_2012_-10_Days_Visual_Road-Show_Brochures_Distribution_in_10_Cities
10 Days Visual Road-Show & Brochures Distribution in 10 Cities: Bundelkhand Express: We are using advertising vehicles fully loaded with all the high-tech equipments of external audio system, giant video screen, colorful lights, full vehicle wrap and roaming around the whole city & placed in virtually all location that our experts visualize the kinds of audience where the brand has to be promoted.
- published: 23 Jul 2012
- views: 21
- author: Mendraek
UP Polls: BJP's Bundelkhand hopes rest on Uma Bharati - NewsX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 23 Feb 2012
Voting has come to an end for the fifth round of UP assembly elections in 49 constituencies in 13 districts. The voter turnout has been above 55 percent. 840 candidates are in the fray for the poll contest. In an exclusive interview BJP' candidate from Bundelkhand, Uma Bharti has said that Bundelkhand is most backward area in the country and suffering from corruption. It needs development. For more log onto - alpha.newsx.com
http://wn.com/UP_Polls_BJP's_Bundelkhand_hopes_rest_on_Uma_Bharati_NewsX
Voting has come to an end for the fifth round of UP assembly elections in 49 constituencies in 13 districts. The voter turnout has been above 55 percent. 840 candidates are in the fray for the poll contest. In an exclusive interview BJP' candidate from Bundelkhand, Uma Bharti has said that Bundelkhand is most backward area in the country and suffering from corruption. It needs development. For more log onto - alpha.newsx.com
- published: 23 Feb 2012
- views: 502
- author: newsxlive
APJ Kalam & Uma Bharti at Bundelkhand University Jhansi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:41
- Updated: 25 Mar 2012
APJ Abdul Kalam & Uma Bharti visited at Bundelkhand University Jhansi in Convocation.Vedio report by Anil K. Dixit Metro News Jhansi
http://wn.com/APJ_Kalam_Uma_Bharti_at_Bundelkhand_University_Jhansi
APJ Abdul Kalam & Uma Bharti visited at Bundelkhand University Jhansi in Convocation.Vedio report by Anil K. Dixit Metro News Jhansi
- published: 25 Mar 2012
- views: 266
- author: Anil Dixit
BUNDELKHAND mein KARZ ka MARZ FARMERS SUICIDE 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:14
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Atul Agrawal is anchoring on SAMACHAR PLUS for saving the life of the farmers of Bundelkhand, committing suicide due to starvation
http://wn.com/BUNDELKHAND_mein_KARZ_ka_MARZ_FARMERS_SUICIDE_2
Atul Agrawal is anchoring on SAMACHAR PLUS for saving the life of the farmers of Bundelkhand, committing suicide due to starvation
- published: 20 Jun 2012
- views: 35
- author: Atul Agrawal
Bundelkhandi Rai,Culture of bundelkhand by BundelkhandDarshan.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 24 Apr 2012
Bundelkhand lok nirtya rai,Bundelkhand identified by the folk dance of bundelkhand named as RAI. www.Bundelkhanddarshan.com
http://wn.com/Bundelkhandi_Rai,Culture_of_bundelkhand_by_BundelkhandDarshancom
Bundelkhand lok nirtya rai,Bundelkhand identified by the folk dance of bundelkhand named as RAI. www.Bundelkhanddarshan.com
- published: 17 Jun 2011
- views: 11998
- author: Pramod Rawat
BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY,JHANSI.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:05
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (BATCH 2007-10) BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY ,JHANSI. DEDICATED TO DEAR FRENZS.......... (MEET U AGAIN)
http://wn.com/BUNDELKHAND_UNIVERSITY,JHANSIwmv
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY (BATCH 2007-10) BUNDELKHAND UNIVERSITY ,JHANSI. DEDICATED TO DEAR FRENZS.......... (MEET U AGAIN)
- published: 11 Jan 2012
- views: 383
- author: niraj kumar Sonkar
FARMERS SUICIDE IN BUNDELKHAND, ATUL AGRAWAL PRESENTS BIG BULLETIN ON SAMACHAR PLUS, PART 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:53
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
बुंदेलखंड को हर राजनीतिक पार्टी अपने लिए अहम मानता है, प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह, सोनिया गांधी और लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी से लेकर राहुल गांधी, मायावती और अखिलेश यादव तक हर बड़ा नेता बुंदेलखंड के विकास के नाम पर वोट मांग चुका है। सरकारें बनती भी हैं और बिगड़ती भी लेकिन बुंदेलखंड की किस्मत नहीं बदलती। हर साल 300 से ज्यादा 'अन्नदाता' किसान दाने दाने को मोहताज होकर खुदकुशी कर रहे हैं, 5 साल में 32 लाख लोग बुंदेलखंड छोड़ कर रोजगार की तलाश में यहां वहां जा चुके हैं। आखिर हमारी सरकारें कर क्या रही हैं? क्यों बुंदेलखंड का विकास नहीं किया जा रहा है? इसी गंभीर मुद्दे को समाचार प्लस चैनल पर एक्ज़ीक्यूटिव एडिटर अतुल अग्रवाल ने उठाया। साथ में मैनेजिंग एडिटर अमिताभ अग्निहोत्री, लखनऊ से वरिष्ठ पत्रकार सुभाष मिश्रा, बांदा विधायक विवेक सिंह, सपा सांसद आर के पटेल, केन्द्रीय मंत्री प्रदीप जैन आदित्य, झांसी से कांग्रेसी नेता सुधाशुं त्रिपाठी और ...
http://wn.com/FARMERS_SUICIDE_IN_BUNDELKHAND,_ATUL_AGRAWAL_PRESENTS_BIG_BULLETIN_ON_SAMACHAR_PLUS,_PART_2
बुंदेलखंड को हर राजनीतिक पार्टी अपने लिए अहम मानता है, प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह, सोनिया गांधी और लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी से लेकर राहुल गांधी, मायावती और अखिलेश यादव तक हर बड़ा नेता बुंदेलखंड के विकास के नाम पर वोट मांग चुका है। सरकारें बनती भी हैं और बिगड़ती भी लेकिन बुंदेलखंड की किस्मत नहीं बदलती। हर साल 300 से ज्यादा 'अन्नदाता' किसान दाने दाने को मोहताज होकर खुदकुशी कर रहे हैं, 5 साल में 32 लाख लोग बुंदेलखंड छोड़ कर रोजगार की तलाश में यहां वहां जा चुके हैं। आखिर हमारी सरकारें कर क्या रही हैं? क्यों बुंदेलखंड का विकास नहीं किया जा रहा है? इसी गंभीर मुद्दे को समाचार प्लस चैनल पर एक्ज़ीक्यूटिव एडिटर अतुल अग्रवाल ने उठाया। साथ में मैनेजिंग एडिटर अमिताभ अग्निहोत्री, लखनऊ से वरिष्ठ पत्रकार सुभाष मिश्रा, बांदा विधायक विवेक सिंह, सपा सांसद आर के पटेल, केन्द्रीय मंत्री प्रदीप जैन आदित्य, झांसी से कांग्रेसी नेता सुधाशुं त्रिपाठी और ...
- published: 07 Aug 2012
- views: 112
- author: Atul Agrawal
FARMERS SUICIDE IN BUNDELKHAND, ATUL AGRAWAL PRESENTS BIG BULLETIN ON SAMACHAR PLUS, PART 4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:15
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
बुंदेलखंड को हर राजनीतिक पार्टी अपने लिए अहम मानता है, प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह, सोनिया गांधी और लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी से लेकर राहुल गांधी, मायावती और अखिलेश यादव तक हर बड़ा नेता बुंदेलखंड के विकास के नाम पर वोट मांग चुका है। सरकारें बनती भी हैं और बिगड़ती भी लेकिन बुंदेलखंड की किस्मत नहीं बदलती। हर साल 300 से ज्यादा 'अन्नदाता' किसान दाने दाने को मोहताज होकर खुदकुशी कर रहे हैं, 5 साल में 32 लाख लोग बुंदेलखंड छोड़ कर रोजगार की तलाश में यहां वहां जा चुके हैं। आखिर हमारी सरकारें कर क्या रही हैं? क्यों बुंदेलखंड का विकास नहीं किया जा रहा है? इसी गंभीर मुद्दे को समाचार प्लस चैनल पर एक्ज़ीक्यूटिव एडिटर अतुल अग्रवाल ने उठाया। साथ में मैनेजिंग एडिटर अमिताभ अग्निहोत्री, लखनऊ से वरिष्ठ पत्रकार सुभाष मिश्रा, बांदा विधायक विवेक सिंह, सपा सांसद आर के पटेल, केन्द्रीय मंत्री प्रदीप जैन आदित्य, झांसी से कांग्रेसी नेता सुधाशुं त्रिपाठी और ...
http://wn.com/FARMERS_SUICIDE_IN_BUNDELKHAND,_ATUL_AGRAWAL_PRESENTS_BIG_BULLETIN_ON_SAMACHAR_PLUS,_PART_4
बुंदेलखंड को हर राजनीतिक पार्टी अपने लिए अहम मानता है, प्रधानमंत्री मनमोहन सिंह, सोनिया गांधी और लाल कृष्ण आडवाणी से लेकर राहुल गांधी, मायावती और अखिलेश यादव तक हर बड़ा नेता बुंदेलखंड के विकास के नाम पर वोट मांग चुका है। सरकारें बनती भी हैं और बिगड़ती भी लेकिन बुंदेलखंड की किस्मत नहीं बदलती। हर साल 300 से ज्यादा 'अन्नदाता' किसान दाने दाने को मोहताज होकर खुदकुशी कर रहे हैं, 5 साल में 32 लाख लोग बुंदेलखंड छोड़ कर रोजगार की तलाश में यहां वहां जा चुके हैं। आखिर हमारी सरकारें कर क्या रही हैं? क्यों बुंदेलखंड का विकास नहीं किया जा रहा है? इसी गंभीर मुद्दे को समाचार प्लस चैनल पर एक्ज़ीक्यूटिव एडिटर अतुल अग्रवाल ने उठाया। साथ में मैनेजिंग एडिटर अमिताभ अग्निहोत्री, लखनऊ से वरिष्ठ पत्रकार सुभाष मिश्रा, बांदा विधायक विवेक सिंह, सपा सांसद आर के पटेल, केन्द्रीय मंत्री प्रदीप जैन आदित्य, झांसी से कांग्रेसी नेता सुधाशुं त्रिपाठी और ...
- published: 07 Aug 2012
- views: 45
- author: Atul Agrawal
Bundelkhand Holi Song in tikamgarh by bundelkhand darshan(www.bundelkhanddarshan.com)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Updated: 20 Feb 2012
www.bundelkhanddarshan.com,Bundelkhandi Folk Songs,Holi bhajan,Bundeli faag,Pramod Rawat,Tikamgarh,Culture of bundelkhand
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand_Holi_Song_in_tikamgarh_by_bundelkhand_darshanwwwbundelkhanddarshancom
www.bundelkhanddarshan.com,Bundelkhandi Folk Songs,Holi bhajan,Bundeli faag,Pramod Rawat,Tikamgarh,Culture of bundelkhand
- published: 23 Mar 2011
- views: 2498
- author: Pramod Rawat
Rahul Gandhi asks where was Uma Bharti when Bundelkhand was dying in drought?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:14
- Updated: 21 Jan 2012
pressbrief.in gandhirahul.info On the third day of the fifth phase of his campaign for Congress for the upcoming assembly polls in Uttar Pradesh All India congress Committee (AICC) General Secretary Rahul Gandhi fired a fresh salvo at BJP by questioning the sudden entry of BJP leader Uma Bharti into UP's electoral politics."Now BJP has imported a leader from Madhya Pradesh in Uttar Pradesh. She was the Chief Minister in Madhya Pradesh and was forced to flee from there. Where was she when the people of drought-hit Bundelkhand were crying for relief? Where was she when we were putting our efforts to get a relief package sanctioned for Bundelkhand? She was nowhere in Uttar Pradesh when the people of UP needed help," averred the Congress General Secretary without naming Uma Bharti. Rahul Gandhi also questioned the 2004 slogan of BJP 'India shining'. While addressing a rally in Kulpahar in the Mahoba District of Uttar Pradesh the congress General Secretary said that the state of Uttar Pradesh is caught between the punctured Cycle and the magic elephant that eats currency notes. Rahul Gandhi blamed the 22 years misrule by the non-Congress Governments in UP dragged the state backwards. Rahul Gandhi asserted that the state needs a government that works for all caste, religion, aam aadmi, poor, minorities, dalits and adivasis and only Congress can provide it. "During the campaign for the Lok Sabha elections in 2004 while other parties made a number of hollow promises Congress had ...
http://wn.com/Rahul_Gandhi_asks_where_was_Uma_Bharti_when_Bundelkhand_was_dying_in_drought?
pressbrief.in gandhirahul.info On the third day of the fifth phase of his campaign for Congress for the upcoming assembly polls in Uttar Pradesh All India congress Committee (AICC) General Secretary Rahul Gandhi fired a fresh salvo at BJP by questioning the sudden entry of BJP leader Uma Bharti into UP's electoral politics."Now BJP has imported a leader from Madhya Pradesh in Uttar Pradesh. She was the Chief Minister in Madhya Pradesh and was forced to flee from there. Where was she when the people of drought-hit Bundelkhand were crying for relief? Where was she when we were putting our efforts to get a relief package sanctioned for Bundelkhand? She was nowhere in Uttar Pradesh when the people of UP needed help," averred the Congress General Secretary without naming Uma Bharti. Rahul Gandhi also questioned the 2004 slogan of BJP 'India shining'. While addressing a rally in Kulpahar in the Mahoba District of Uttar Pradesh the congress General Secretary said that the state of Uttar Pradesh is caught between the punctured Cycle and the magic elephant that eats currency notes. Rahul Gandhi blamed the 22 years misrule by the non-Congress Governments in UP dragged the state backwards. Rahul Gandhi asserted that the state needs a government that works for all caste, religion, aam aadmi, poor, minorities, dalits and adivasis and only Congress can provide it. "During the campaign for the Lok Sabha elections in 2004 while other parties made a number of hollow promises Congress had ...
- published: 20 Jan 2012
- views: 366
- author: Pressbrief In
Bundelkhand Folk Music (Aallha on Red fort Delhi.mp4)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:08
- Updated: 11 Nov 2011
Bundelkhand is an incredible place and has a great culture. Please have a little look on its folk music (Aallha folk music). Enjoy...from Varun Rajawat (Orai- Jalaun)
http://wn.com/Bundelkhand_Folk_Music_Aallha_on_Red_fort_Delhimp4
Bundelkhand is an incredible place and has a great culture. Please have a little look on its folk music (Aallha folk music). Enjoy...from Varun Rajawat (Orai- Jalaun)
- published: 22 Jan 2011
- views: 1617
- author: VarunRajawat1
Rahul Gandhi in Bundelkhand, questions India Shining slogan of BJP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 24 Jan 2012
Congress General Secretary Rahul Gandhi today took on BJP and questioned its intention behind promoting Uma Bharti in Uttar Pradesh when elections are round the corner. Rahul Gandhi also asked where was she when people of Bundelkhand was weeping? Rahul Gandhi who has been spearheading the Congress campaign in poll bound Uttar Pradesh was addressing a public rally at Mahoba in the Bundelkhand region of UP
http://wn.com/Rahul_Gandhi_in_Bundelkhand,_questions_India_Shining_slogan_of_BJP
Congress General Secretary Rahul Gandhi today took on BJP and questioned its intention behind promoting Uma Bharti in Uttar Pradesh when elections are round the corner. Rahul Gandhi also asked where was she when people of Bundelkhand was weeping? Rahul Gandhi who has been spearheading the Congress campaign in poll bound Uttar Pradesh was addressing a public rally at Mahoba in the Bundelkhand region of UP
- published: 19 Jan 2012
- views: 199
- author: Gandhi Rahul
photo: AP / Juan Karita
04 Jan 2013
Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has released a public letter urging the United Kingdom to relinquish its control over the disputed Falkland Islands. ... The veterans delivered a letter addressed to the British Ambassador in Argentina, John Freeman, criticising the British government for refusing to discuss the sovereignty of the islands with the Argentine government ... 508 Source.. Al Jazeera and agencies. Share....(size: 19.6Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
03 Jan 2013
A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)
photo: AP / Ng Han Guan
02 Jan 2013
SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
03 Jan 2013
Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
02 Jan 2013
The United Nations has estimated that more than 60,000 people have been killed in Syria's 21-month-old uprising against authoritarian rule, a toll one-third higher than what anti-regime activists had counted. The UN human rights chief called the toll "truly shocking". Opposition activist groups had been estimating the death toll at more than 45,000 and this was the first time that the UN estimate was higher ... 30, 2012 ... - AP. ....(size: 6.3Kb)
Newstrack India
03 Jan 2013
Tweet. Washington, January 3 (ANI). Bonobos value social networking so much, they share food with a stranger before they do with an acquaintance, according to research. In a series of experiments, Jingzhi Tan and Brian Hare of Duke University found that bonobos would voluntarily forego their food and offer it to a stranger in exchange for social interaction ... (ANI) ... Congo ... Bundelkhand University So ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 3.2Kb)
Indian Express
01 Jan 2013
To study the potential of harnessing wind power, four wind monitoring stations (WMS) will be set up in in Pilibhit, Sitapur, Shahjahanpur and Lakhimpur districts of Uttar Pradesh by the Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) ... will be collected ... A total of 11 districts, including some in the Bundelkhand region, Sonbhadra and Mirzapur were shortlisted ... contd....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Times of India
01 Jan 2013
NEW DELHI. The entire swath of north India, extending from Rajasthan to Bihar, experienced its worst winter temperatures in decades on Monday as at least 14 people died of cold in UP alone, pushing the death toll this season to around 100 ... Minimum temperatures, however, rose by three to seven degree C in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bundelkhand. Muzaffarnagar was the coldest place in the state with a high of four degree C ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
The Times of India
31 Dec 2012
BHOPAL ... This year, 131 rural drinking water schemes were also sanctioned, according to a press release here on Monday ... A sum of Rs 100 crore has been sanctioned for 1287 piped water schemes in 6 districts of Bundelkhand region in the state. A decision has also been taken to complete schemes sanctioned under Bundelkhand Package positively during this financial year ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Newstrack India
31 Dec 2012
Tweet. London, December 31 (ANI). Women are better than men when it comes to recycling ... The survey of 5,000 single people and couples was led by PhD student Hazel Pettifor, of Essex University ... (ANI). null ... Bundelkhand University So ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Times of India
31 Dec 2012
LUCKNOW. A day after recording second lowest ever minimum temperature, weather took a surprising turn in the city on Monday ... While minimum and maximum temperatures rose by 3-7 degrees celsius in east UP and Bundelkhand, cold wave conditions prevailed in many parts of the west and northwest UP including Terai region ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
The Times of India
30 Dec 2012
LUCKNOW. In order to make Uttar Pradesh an industrial state, the government on the directives of chief minister Akhilesh Yadav has drafted infrastructure and industrial policy-2012 ... To remove regional imbalance in industrial development of the state, special facilities have been provided in Purvanchal, Bundelkhand and Madhyanchal regions of the state, added the release. Blood donation camp held ... Religious discourse ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Tweet. London, Dec. 30 (ANI). Teen love is more moving for young people as it is a deeper relationship than any other they have experienced, which is why it becomes very hard to deal with it, a new study have revealed ... Lewis said infatuation, which was what most teenagers experienced in a relationship, was a more consuming emotion than love ... (ANI). Read More. American Samoa . New University Campus So ... Bundelkhand University So ... ) .. ). ... . . ....(size: 3.4Kb)
Newstrack India
30 Dec 2012
Tweet. London, Dec. 29 (ANI). Women wearing heels are rated as more attractive than when wearing flat shoes, even when the people who are making the judgement are unable to see their faces or bodies, researchers have revealed ... The researchers suggest that evolution could partly explain the continuing popularity of high heels as an article of the female wardrobe ... (ANI). Read More. New University Campus So ... Bundelkhand University So ... ) .. ). ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
The Times of India
29 Dec 2012
The death of Delhi gang rape victim, aptly named Nirbhaya by TOI for her undying spirit, has evoked extreme response from people, even in the badlands of Bundelkhand ... "In Bundelkhand, 75% of the rape cases turn out to be fake ... "A significant chunk of the women in Bundelkhand is illiterate, and hence lacks the confidence to be self-reliant....(size: 3.3Kb)
Indian Express
29 Dec 2012
Plans are also afoot to set up an art institute for propagating medieval arts of the region and a museum in Kalinjar located in the drought-hit Bundelkhand region. Though only 100 km from Khajuraho, a World Heritage Site and visited by thousands of visitors every year, hardly any tourists visit the Kalinjar hill fort ... contd. PAGE. 12 ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Times of India
28 Dec 2012
Taking up the government's initiatives in bringing equitable growth in the Poorvanchal and Bundelkhand regions of the state, Akhilesh highlighted the state's new industrial policy and its prominent provisions ... like Bundelkhand, Ruhelkhand and Poorvanchal ... He also said the present Bundelkhand package is inadequate to bring economic growth to the area....(size: 4.2Kb)
Newstrack India
27 Dec 2012
Tweet ... This included four laning of all the roads at district headquarters and building an eight-lane expressway between Lucknow and Agra ... The chief minister also urged the union government to identify and initiate AIIMS like medical institutes in state's backward regions of Bundelkhand, Ruhelkhand and Poorvanchal. Read More. Agra . Kushinagar ... Agra Chak Bo ... Bundelkhand University So ... ) .. ). ... . . . . . .. . . .. ....(size: 2.8Kb)
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This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (December 2009) |
| Historical region of North India Bundelkhand |
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| Location | Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh |
| State established: | 914 AD |
| Language | Bundeli |
| Dynasties | Chandel Rajputs (till 15th c.) Bundela Rajputs (1501–1950) |
| Historical capitals | Khajuraho, Mahoba, Orchha |
| Separated states | Orchha (1501), Datia, Panna (1732), Ajaigarh (1765), Bijawar (1765), Beri, Charkhari, Samthar, Sarila, other |
Bundelkhand anciently known as Chedi Kingdom (Bundeli, Hindi: बुन्देलखण्ड, Urdu: بندیل کھنڈ; got its name from Bundela Rajputs until the 16th century, during the rule of Chandel Rajputs later on by Bundela Rajputs, known as Jaijak bhukti or Jejaka bhukti) is a geographic region of central India. The region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion lying in the latter.
The major towns are Jhansi, Datia, Tikamgarh, Rath, Lalitpur, Sagar, Damoh, Orai, Panna, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda Narsinghpur and Chhatarpur.Bundelkhand's most well known place, however, is Dhaulpur which has a number of 10th century temples devoted to fine-living and eroticism. The mines of Panna have been famous for magnificent diamonds; and a very large one dug from the last was kept in the fort of Kalinjar.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south. It is a gently sloping upland, distinguished by barren hilly terrain with sparse vegetation, although it was historically forested. The plains of Bundelkhand are intersected by three mountain ranges, the Vindhya, Fauna and Bander chains, the highest elevation not exceeding 600 meters above sea-level. Beyond these ranges the country is further diversified by isolated hills rising abruptly from a common level, and presenting from their steep and nearly inaccessible scarps eligible sites for forts and strongholds of local kings. The general slope of the country is towards the northeast, as indicated by the course of the rivers which traverse or bound the territory, and finally discharge themselves into the Yamuna River.
The principal rivers are the Sindh, Betwa, Shahzad River, Ken, Bagahin, Tons, Pahuj, Dhasan and Chambal. The Kali Sindh, rising in Malwa, marks the western frontier of Bundelkhand. Parallel to this river, but further east, is the course of the Betwa. Still farther to the east flows the Ken, followed in succession by the Bagahin and Tons. The Yamuna and the Ken are the only two navigable rivers. Notwithstanding the large number of streams, the depression of their channels and height of their banks render them for the most part unsuitable for the purposes of irrigation, which is conducted by means of ponds and tanks. These artificial lakes are usually formed by throwing embankments across the lower extremities of valleys, and thus arresting and impounding the waters flowing through them.
Ecology[link]
History[link]
Medieval Period[link]
The Chandela Rajput clan ruled Bundelkhand from the 10th to the 16th centuries. In the early 10th century they were feudatories of the Pratiharas of Kannauj, and ruled from the fortress-city of Kalinjar. A dynastic struggle among the Pratiharas from 912 to 914 allowed the Chandelas and other feudatories to assert their independence. The Chandelas captured the strategic fortress of Gwalior c. 950. Dhanga (c. 950–1008) left many inscriptions, and endowed a large number of Jain and Hindu temples. Dhanga's grandson Vidyadhara (1017–29) expanded the Chandela kingdom to its greatest extent, extending the Chandela dominions to the Chambal river in the northwest and south to the Narmada River. The Afghan king Mahmud of Ghazni attacked the Chandela dominions during Vidydhara's reign, but did not retain any Chandela territory. the Chandelas built the famous temple-city of Khajuraho between the mid-10th and mid-11th centuries. During the Chandela period, Bundelkhand was home to a flourishing Jain community and numerous Jain temples were built in that period.
According to India by Fannie Roper Feudge, copyright 1895, In the fourteenth century, Hurdeo Singh, a Rajput prince was expelled from the Kshatriya caste for marrying a Bourdi slave-girl, and left the Rajputs to go and reside at the court of one of the smaller sovereigns of Central India, where a young family grew up around him. In process of time the king's son became enamoured of Hurdeo's beautiful daughter, and asked her in marriage of her father. Hurdeo gace his consent, on condition that the king and his whole court would be present at a banquet to be prepared by Hurdeo's own hand, thus forfeiting, as he himself had done, the right to the rank Kshatriya. From affection for his son the aged king consented to set aside his scruples, and on the nuptial day all the court were seated around Hurdeo's princely board. There in magnificent goblets of silver and gold, drinks containing opium were served to the guests who, being thus deprived of the power of resistance, fell an easy prey to Hurdeo's hired assassins, who stood concealed, each man armed with his weapon, behind the tapestry at the upper end of the hall. Hurdeo having thus gained possession of this throne, soon made himself master of all the surrounding country; and, with his sons and the numerous adherents he had enlisted in his cause, he formed a new clan known as the Bourdillas, or 'Sons of the Slave;' thus giving the country its present name of Boundilacund or Bundelcund. Since then Warriors from the region have often gone into battle shouting Bund lelo.
In the 12th century, the Rajput Chauhan rulers of Ajmer challenged the Chandelas. The Muslim conquests of the early 13th century reduced the Chandela domains, although they survived until the 16th century as minor chieftains. Bundela Rajputs grew to prominence starting in the 16th century. Orchha was founded in the sixteenth century by the Bundeli chief Rudra Pratap, who became the first Raja of Orchha. In 1545 Sher Shah Suri, the only Indian king to defeat Mughals and sit on Delhi throne, was killed while attempting to capture Kalinjar from the local Bundeli kings.
The region came under nominal Mughal rule during the 16th–18th centuries, although the hilly, forested terrain of the sparsely populated region made it difficult to control. Akbar's governors at Kalpi maintained a nominal authority over the surrounding district, and the Bundela chiefs were in a state of chronic revolt, which culminated in the war of independence under Chhatrasal. On the outbreak of his rebellion in 1671 he occupied a large province to the south of the Yamuna. Setting out from this base, and assisted by the Marathas, he conquered the whole of Bundelkhand. On his death in 1732 he bequathed one-third of his dominions, including Jalaun and Jhansi, to his Maratha allies, who before long succeeded in controlling the whole of Bundelkhand, with the local rulers as tributaries to the Marathas. Under Maratha rule the country was a prey to constant anarchy and strife. By the end of the 18th century, the Bundelas had freed themselves to some extent from Maratha power. A grandson of the Maratha Peshwa, sought to restore Maratha control of Bundelkhand from his base at Banda. Ali Bahadur warred with the Bundelas from 1790 until 1802, when he died while attempting to capture Kalinjar.
British rule, 1802–1947[link]
Main article: Bundelkhand Agency
The Marathas ceded parts of Bundelkhand, which were later called later British Bundelkhand, to the British in the 1802 Treaty of Bassein. After 1802, many of the local rulers were granted sanads (leases) by the British, which entitled them to the lands they controlled at the death of Ali Bahadur, in return for the rulers signing a written bond of allegiance (ikrarnama) to the British. A political officer attached to the British forces in Bundelkhand supervised British relations with the sanad states. In 1806 British protection was promised to the Maratha ruler of Jhansi, and in 1817 the British recognized his hereditary rights to Jhansi state. In 1818 the Peshwa in Pune ceded all his rights over Bundelkhand to the British at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
The sanad states were organized into the Bundelkhand Agency in 1811, when a political agent to the Governor-General of India was appointed and headquartered at Banda. In 1818 the headquarters were moved to Kalpi, in 1824 to Hamirpur, and in 1832 back to Banda. The political agent was placed under the authority of the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces, headquartered in Agra, in 1835. In 1849 authority over the Bundelkhand Agency was placed briefly under the Commissioner for the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, who appointed a political assistant based at Jhansi. Shortly thereafter, authority over Bundelkhand was placed under the Resident at Gwalior, and the headquarters of the political assistant was moved to Nowgong[disambiguation needed 
], which remained until 1947. In 1853 the Raja of Jhansi died childless, and his territory was annexed to British Bundelkhand. The Jhansi state and the Jalaun and Chanderi districts were then formed into a superintendency. In 1854 Bundelkhand Agency was placed under the authority of the newly created Central India Agency, headquartered at Indore.
The widow of the Raja of Jhansi, Rani Lakshmi Bai, protested the annexation because she was not allowed to adopt an heir, and because the slaughter of cattle was permitted in the Jhansi territory. The Revolt of 1857 found Jhansi ripe for rebellion. In June a few men of the 12th native infantry seized the fort containing the treasure and magazine, and massacred the European officers of the garrison. The Rani put herself at the head of the rebels, and they captured several of the neighboring British districts and princely states allied to the British. She died bravely in battle in Gwalior in 1858. It was not till November 1858 that Jhansi was brought under British control.
After the revolt, Jhansi was given to the Maharaja of Gwalior, but came under British rule in 1886 when it was swapped for Gwalior fort. In 1865 the political assistant was replaced with a political agent. The eastern portion of the Agency was detached to form Bagelkhand agency in 1871. The state of Khaniadhana was transferred to the authority of the Gwalior Resident in 1888, and in 1896 Baraunda, Jaso, and the Chaube jagirs were transferred to Bagelkhand. In 1901 there were 9 states, 13 estates, and the pargana of Alampur belonging to Indore state, with a total area of 9,851 sq mi (25,510 km2). and a total population of 1,308,326 in 1901. The most important of the states were Orchha, Panna, Samthar, Charkhari, Chhatarpur, Datia, Bijawar and Ajaigarh. Deforestation accelerated during British rule. The population of the agency decreased 13% between 1891 and 1901 due to the effects of famine. In 1931 Bagelkhand Agency, with the exception of the state of Rewa, was merged into Bundelkhand.
Independent India, 1947–present[link]
After Indian independence in 1947, the princely states of Bundelkhand Agency were combined with those of the former Bagelkhand Agency to form the province of Vindhya Pradesh, which became an Indian state in 1950. On November 1, 1956, Vindhya Pradesh was merged into Madhya Pradesh. Notorious dacoits like Pooran Sing alias Puja babba and Moorath Singh besides other robber gangs once ruled the area. Currently the area is economically and industrially one of the most backward areas in India. Lack of resources, poor communications, and infertile land are some of the reasons for under-development in the region.
Proposed Bundelkhand state[link]
For the last 50 years there has a movement for separation of Bundelkhand state. Bundelkhand is geographically the central part of India covering some part of MP and some of UP. The population of this region is approximately 50 million.[citation needed] In spite of being rich in minerals, the people of Bundelkhand are very poor and the region is underdeveloped and underrepresented in state and central politics. There are several local parties and organisations, some promoting further development of the region and some seeking separate statehood.
In November 2011 Uttar Pradesh CM proposed to split UP in four parts, with one part being Bundelkhand.[citation needed] The proposed state includes the following districts:
From Uttar Pradesh
From Madhya Pradesh
In addition to the above districts, sometimes the following districts of Madhya Pradesh are sometimes considered as the part of Bundelkhand: Madhya Bharat/Gird region
Culture[link]
The Bundeli language is the most common of the Hindi dialects spoken in the area. It in turn consists of several subdialects. The accent varies in various regions even though unmistakably of a single origin.
The region is predominantly Hindu. However, Jainism is historically significant in Bundelkhand, and several Tirthas are located in this region. Many prominent Jain scholars of the 20th century have been from this region.
Folk dances[link]
Bundelkhand has following folk dances. Badhai, Rai, Saira, Jawara, Akhada, Shaitan, Dhimrai.
Prominent Bundelkhandis[link]
- Uma Bharti, Prominent BJP politician and the MLA from Charkhari in UP's Bundelkhand region.[citation needed]
- Goswami Tulsidas, the author of Ramcharitmanas, born in Rajapur Banda.
- King Chhatrasal Dulera, established Chhatarpur. Was lover of Princess Jahanara, sister of Aurangjeb [1]
- Dhyan Chand the world famous Hockey player.[citation needed]
- Dewan Shatrughan Singh Father of the Freedom Movement in Bundelkhand. aka "Bundelkhand Gandhi", "Bundelkhand Kesari"
- Chandrashekhar Sitaram Tiwari, better known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, is one of the most important Indian revolutionaries, and is considered the mentor of Bhagat Singh.[citation needed]
- Rani Lakshmibai, (1828–1858) Queen of princely state of Jhansi, one of the key figures in first Indian war of independence 1857.
- Maithili Sharan Gupt, National Hindi Poet
- Tarana Swami, (1448-) (founder of Taran Panth)
- Pandit Nathuram Premi (1881–1960), Prominent publisher of Hindi, Sanskrit and Urdu literature as well as Jain literature. Independent scholar, Jain historian and editor of several Jain works. Founder of Hindi Granth Ratnakar Karyalay, (24 September 1912), Manikacandra Digambara Jain Granthamala and Jain Hitaishi.
- Dr Hiralal Jain, Sanskritist and Jain Scholar best remembered for his work on the Satkhandāgama
- Pandit Phulacandra Shastri, Traditional Jain Scholar, best remembered for his work on the Satkhandāgama and the Kasāyapāhuda
- Osho Rajneesh (1931–1990)[citation needed]
- Pandit Ramakant Malviya, Advocate, Sanskrit scholar and authority on Ramcharitmanas from Lalitpur.
- Dr. Hari Singh Gaur, Member of Constitution draft committee & founder of University of Saugar[citation needed].
- Vrindavan Lal Verma, Hindi novelist (Mrig Nayani, Jhansi Ki Rani)
- Indeevar, one of the leading Hindi film lyricists in 1960s and 70s[citation needed]
- Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gondwana (born to Chandelas of Mahoba / Kalinjar) immortalized owing to her bravery in defending her kingdom against invasion by Mughal emperor Akbar
- Alha and Udal, warriors in the court of the Chandela dynasty King Parmal in Mahoba
- Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, of Transcendental Meditation
- Harishankar Parsai
- Rani Rajendra Kumari (Rani Saheb of Maudaha)
- Thakur kishor singh Lodhi (1857 ki kranti) Hindoriya Damoh
- Pandit Parmeshthidas Jain (1909–1977) Freedom Fighter/Jain Scholar(Nayay Teerth), Lalitpur,UP
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Lakshmi Sharath (2011-11-18). "Arts / History & Culture : Following Mamaji's advice in Bundelkhand". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article2639518.ece. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 12. 1908–1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- "Bundelkhand Agency". The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 9. Oxford at Clarendon Press. 1909. pp. 74–77. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_080.gif.
- "British Bundelkhand". The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. 9. Oxford at Clarendon Press. 1909. pp. 68–74. http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V09_074.gif.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
External links[link]
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Bundelkhand. |
- Check dam project in Bundelkhand (Development Alternatives)
- Historic Blend, Frontline, Volume 24 – Issue 05 :: Mar. 10–23, 2007
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http://wn.com/Bundelkhand
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Бунделкханд
http://de.wn.com/Bundelkhand
http://hi.wn.com/बुन्देलखण्ड
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Uma Bharti | |
|---|---|
| Uma Bharti | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | ( 1959-05-03) May 3, 1959 (age 53) Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Other political affiliations |
Bharatiya Janshakti Party |
| Spouse(s) | none |
| Occupation | Social and Political Activist |
| Religion | Hindu |
Uma Ragini Bharti (born May 3, 1959), is an Indian politician. She was born in Tikamgarh District, Madhya Pradesh and from a very young age, started holding discourses on Indian Epics.Her father was an atheist. Raised under the care of the late Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia of Gwalior, Uma Bharati, along with Sadhvi Ritambhara, played a prominent part in the Ayodhya Ram Janmabhoomi Movement. Her signature slogan during the movement was "Dear Ram we will come, and build temple at the place".
At a young age, she became involved with the Bharatiya Janata Party. She contested her first Parliamentary elections in 1984, but lost. In 1989, she successfully contested the Khajurao seat, and retained it in elections conducted in 1991, 1996 and 1998. In 1999, she switched over and won the Bhopal seat. In the Vajpayee Administration, she held various state-level portfolios of Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs & Sports, and finally Coal & Mines.
In the 2003 Assembly polls, Mayank K led the BJP to a three fourths majority in Madhya Pradesh. She defeated her Congress opponent from the Malehra seat with a 25% margin.
Uma Bharati resigned from the post of Chief Minister in August 2004, when an arrest warrant was issued against her regarding the 1994 Hubli riot case.[1][2]
Contents |
Political disagreements[link]
In November 2004, Uma Bharti was suspended from the Bharatiya Janata Party because of her criticism of Lal Krishna Advani.[citation needed] The suspension was lifted and in May 2005, she was appointed a member of the party's national executive.[citation needed] Later that year, she was expelled from the party for opposing the appointment of Shivraj Singh Chauhan as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh.[citation needed] She had the sympathy of various BJP leaders, such as Madan Lal Khurana and Sangh Priya Gautam, but was unable to capitalise on it. She drew large crowds during a Ram Roti Yatra and campaigns at various by-elections, and she established a new Hindu-oriented party called the Bharatiya Janshakti Party but both she and the party were unsuccessful in their efforts to be elected.[citation needed]
A section of the RSS, as well as some within the BJP, attempted to bring her back into the BJP fold but neither she nor opponents such as Arun Jaitley and Sushma Swaraj favoured the sentiment.[citation needed] However, she did agree to withdraw her candidates for the 2007 Uttar Pradesh assembly elections at the request of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad chief, Ashok Singhal.[citation needed]
She was re-inducted in the BJP on 7 June 2011.[citation needed] She was tasked with reviving the party in [Uttar Pradesh, ahead of the assembly polls in 2012.[3][4]
In the March 2012 assembly elections, Bharti won the Charkhari constituency, in Mahoba District.[citation needed]
Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project[link]
On 25 July 2007, Bharti began a week-days fast protesting over the Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project saying that the bridge be saved.[citation needed]
FDI in retail in India[link]
In late November 2011, when the Government of India decided to allow 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% in single brand retail, Uma Bharti threatened Walmart with arson should they enter the Indian market.[5]
Timeline[link]
| Preceded by Digvijay Singh |
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh 2003 - August 22, 2004 |
Succeeded by Babulal Gaur |
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References[link]
- ^ "BJP meet to decide Uma Bharati's fate". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/824224.cms. Retrieved 2009-03-20. [dead link]
- ^ "Uma ‘happily’ goes to jail ensuring party goes to town". Indian Express. http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=53859. Retrieved 2009-03-20.
- ^ "Back to BJP". Economic Times. 7 June 2011. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/uma-bharti-re-inducted-into-bjp/articleshow/8758452.cms. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ "Uma Bharti rejoins BJP". WorldSnap News. 7 June 2011. http://news.worldsnap.com/politics/uma-bharti-rejoins-bjp-104613.html. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
- ^ http://ibnlive.in.com/news/will-set-walmart-store-on-fire-uma-bharti/205774-37-64.html
External links[link]
- "BJP suspends Uma Bharati" - rediff.com article dated November 10, 2004
- "Uma Bharati in BJP national executive" - rediff.com article dated May 28, 2005
- "India's firebrand Hindu nun" - BBC News article dated November 30, 2005
- BBC article on Uma Bharti's suspension
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bharti, Uma |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | May 3, 1959 |
| Place of birth | Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Uma_Bharti
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Uma Bharti
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Song In | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 송인 |
| Hanja | 宋仁 |
| Revised Romanization | Song In |
| McCune–Reischauer | Song In |
Song In (in hangul 송인, in hanja 宋仁) was a civil official in the mid-Goryeo era who became the intermediary founder of the Jincheon Song clan. His highest post was munha pyeongjangsa (문하 평장사). This was the highest government position in the period. Song In was responsible for administration, judicial affairs and economy in the district.[1]
As he performed meritorious deeds during the King, he was conferred with Chanhwagongsin and Jincheonbaek. Baek was a position of politicians who were responsible for administration, judicial affairs and economy in the district. As the government created him Jincheonbaek, his family started regarding Jincheon as their origin. Hence, the family origin became Jincheon Song.
When he was in the position of Sangsanbaek, he tried to be just and fair in all the administrative affairs and strived to enhance the welfare of his people. He also focused on education for the youth and courtesy for people, which made his district famous for most excellent behaviors in the nation. After that, the people have long paid tribute to his feats.
During the insurrection of Yi Jagyeom in the 4th year of King Injong of Goryeo's reign in 1126, he was killed by a rebellious band led by Cheok Jun-gyeong while escorting the king. After the rebels were put down, Song In was posthumously named 'meritous subject' and titled Lord Sangsanbaek (상산백).
Song In was born in Durujinmaeul (village), Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon in 1125 during the reign of King Injong of the Goryeo Dynasty. He was promoted to Pyeonjangsa, which was the highest government position in the period.
Contents |
Tomb of Song In[link]
Chungcheongbuk-do Monument No. 91 Location: Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon, Jincheon-gun
This is the tomb of Song In (?-1126). It has a rectangular-shaped protective wall surrounding the tomb, typical of the Goryeo style. There are two tombstones erected in the late Joseon Dynasty period.
In the grave area, there are many tombs that belong to the clan. In front of his tomb stands the jaesil (chamber for memorial rites) with the tablet reading 'Sangsanjae'.
His grave is in Duchon-ri, Deoksan-myeon, which had been called Duruji, Sanjeong-myeon. The beautiful peak behind his grave is called Mountain Bibong which was named after Bongsae (bird) that is said to live in heaven and to fly down to sit on the summit. However, after the statue was inscribed of In Gong, the founder of Jincheon Song, the peak was compared to a slowly dropped ume flower. Thus, Mountain Bibong was called Maesanbibong, in which 'Mae' was named after an ume flower instead of a bird.
As he was a meritorious subject and served as a Pyeongjangsa (higher government official), the government ordered his grave mound to be surrounded by stones and a monument. The grave is one of the oldest ones in Jincheon and is recorded in Seokchong (stone tomb) in Hwanyeoseungram.
Thousands of descendents of Jincheon Song are living across the nation. Song Guk-cheom and Song Eon-gi who were devoted to fight against the Mongolian invasion into Goryeo are also the offspring of Jincheonbaek.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "송인묘소 宋仁墓所 [Tomb of Song In (Songin myoso)]" (in Korean). Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. http://100.nate.com/dicsearch/pentry.html?s=K&i=284238&v=44. Retrieved 2009-09-18.
External links[link]
- Photo of the tomb
- Song In
- Monument 91, Tomb of Song In
- Jincheon Song bon-gwan information (Korean)
- Jincheon Song bon-gwan website (Korean)
- http://www.jincheon.go.kr/english/sub04/sub0404_01.jsp
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Song, In |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This Korean biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
  |
This Korean history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Song_In
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Rahul Gandhi | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Member of Lok Sabha from Amethi | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 2004 |
|
| General Secretary of the Indian National Congress | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 2007 |
|
| Chairperson of IYC and NSUI | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office 2007 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1970-06-19) 19 June 1970 (age 42) New Delhi, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Relations | Rajiv Gandhi (father) Sonia Gandhi (mother) Priyanka Vadra (sister) |
| Residence | New Delhi, India |
| Alma mater | Rollins College Trinity College, Cambridge |
| Profession | Member of Parliament |
| As of 5 June, 2011 | |
Rahul Gandhi ([ˈraːɦʊl ˈɡaːnd̪ʱiː]; born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician and member of the Parliament of India, representing the Amethi constituency.[1] Gandhi is the general-secretary of the Indian National Congress.[2] He is the grandson of Feroze Gandhi and Indira (née Nehru) Gandhi, and fourth-generation scion of the Nehru-Gandhi family.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Rahul Gandhi was born in Delhi on 19 June 1970 [3] as the first of the two children of Rajiv Gandhi, who later became the Prime Minister of India and Sonia Gandhi, who later became President of Indian National Congress, and as the grandson of the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. He is also the great-grandson of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. Priyanka Vadra is his younger sister.[4]
Rahul Gandhi attended St. Columba's School, Delhi[5] before entering The Doon School in Dehradun (Uttarakhand), also his father's alma mater,[6] from 1981–83. Meanwhile, his father had joined politics and became the Prime Minister on October 31, 1984 when Indira Gandhi was assassinated. Due to the security threats faced by Indira Gandhi's family from Sikh extremists, Rahul Gandhi and his sister, Priyanka were home-schooled since then.[7] Rahul Gandhi joined St. Stephen's College, Delhi in 1989 for his undergraduate education but moved to Harvard University after he completed the first year examinations.[8] In 1991, after Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated by LTTE[9] during an election rally, he shifted to Rollins College due to security concerns and completed his B.A. in 1994.[10] During this period, he assumed the pseudonym Raul Vinci and his identity was known only to the university officials and security agencies.[8][11] He further went on to obtain a M.Phil from Trinity College, Cambridge University in 1995.[12] After graduation, Rahul Gandhi worked at the Monitor Group, a management consulting firm, in London.[13] In 2002 he was one of the directors of Mumbai-based technology outsourcing firm Backops Services Private Ltd.[14]
Political career[link]
In March 2004, he announced his entry into politics by announcing that he would contest the May 2004 elections, standing for his father's former constituency of Amethi in Uttar Pradesh in the Lok Sabha, India's lower house of Parliament.[15] The seat had been held by his mother until she transferred to the neighbouring seat of Rae Bareilly. The Congress had been doing poorly in Uttar Pradesh, holding only 10 of the 80 Lok Sabha seats in the state at the time.[16] At the time, this move generated surprise among political commentators, who had regarded his sister Priyanka as being the more charismatic and likely to succeed. It generated speculation that the presence of a young member of India's most famous political family would reinvigorate the Congress party's political fortunes among India's youthful population[17] In his first interview with foreign media, he portrayed himself as a uniter of the country and condemned "divisive" politics in India, saying that he would try to reduce caste and religious tensions.[15]
He won with a landslide majority, retaining the family stronghold with a margin of over 100,000 as the Congress unexpectedly defeated the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party.[18] Until 2006 he held no other office.[19]
Gandhi and his sister, who is married to Robert Vadra, managed their mother's campaign for re-election to Rae Bareilly in 2006, which was won easily with a margin greater than 400,000 votes.[20]
He was a prominent figure in the Congress campaign for the 2007 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections; Congress, however, won only 22 seats with 8.53% of votes.[21]
Rahul Gandhi was appointed a general secretary of the All India Congress Committee on 24 September 2007 in a reshuffle of the party secretariat.[22] In the same reshuffle, he was also given charge of the Indian Youth Congress and the National Students Union of India.[23]
In 2008, senior Congress leader Veerappa Moily mentioned “Rahul-as-PM” idea when the PM of India Manmohan Singh was still abroad.[24]
Youth politics[link]
In his attempt to prove himself as a youth leader in November 2008 he held interviews at his 12, Tughlak Lane residence in New Delhi to handpick at least 40 people who will make up the think-tank of the Indian Youth Congress (IYC), an organisation that he has been keen to transform since he was appointed general secretary in September 2007.[25]
Under Rahul Gandhi, IYC and NSUI has seen a dramatic increase in members from a two lakhs to twenty five lakhs.[26]
In various reports it has been proved that Rahul Gandhi has failed in his promise to eliminate family, patronage, money from Youth Congress. It has been seen that an aspiring delegates need to pay a substantial sum as nomination fee. Hence, an aspiring office-bearer with deep pockets sponsors them thereby allowing money power to have a role in the elections.[27][28][29]
2009 elections[link]
In the 2009 Lok Sabha elections, he retained his Amethi constituency by defeating his nearest rival by a margin of over 333,000 votes. In these elections congress is said to have revived itself in Uttar Pradesh by winning 21 out of the total 80 Lok Sabha seats and the majority of the credit for this turnaround is given to Rahul Gandhi.[30] He spoke at 125 rallies across the country in six weeks.
Lokpal bill[link]
Rahul Gandhi opines that the Lokpal should be made a constitutional body and it should be made accountable to the Parliament, just like the Election Commission. He also feels that Lokpal alone cannot root out corruption. This statement came out on 25 August 2011, on the 10th day of Anna Hazare's fast. This statement was considered as a delaying tactic by the opposition and Team Anna's members. It was consequently slammed by prominent opposition leaders Sushma Swaraj and Arun Jaitley.[31] The Parliamentary Standing Committee led by Abhishek Manu Singhvi tabled the Lok Bill report in the Rajya Sabha on 9 December 2011. Almost all points proposed by Team Anna were ignored while Rahul Gandhi's wish for Lokpal to be made into a constitutional body was implemented. Anna Hazare believes that Rahul Gandhi is responsible for the weak and ineffective bill proposed by the standing committee of parliament.[32]
Land Acquisition Protests Arrest[link]
On 11 May 2011 Rahul Gandhi was arrested by the Uttar Pradesh police at Bhatta Parsaul village after he turned out in support of agitating farmers demanding more compensation for their land being acquired for a highway project.[33] He was released after being held for about three hours and later returned to New Delhi. He was to be presented before a Sub-Divisional Magistrate on 12 May 2011.[34]
2012 Assembly elections[link]
Rahul Gandhi campaigned extensively in the 2012 Assembly elections, especially in the highly politically crucial state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in the hope that his popularity would help bring Congress back to power. However, the party did very poorly in the elections winning only 38 seats, a meagre increase of six seats from the 2007 elections[35]. The Samajwadi Party and its new leader, Akhilesh Yadav swept the elections in UP, and Mr Yadav was sworn as the youngest Chief Minister of UP. The Congress party suffered humiliating defeats in other states (Goa and Punjab), and a close shave in Uttarahakhand. With only one win in the state of Manipur, the Indian press was quick to question the future of Mr Gandhi as the leader of the Congress party.[36]
Political and legal issues[link]
Comparison of RSS and SIMI[link]
Rahul Gandhi has been critical of nationalist groups like the RSS and compared them to terrorist organizations like SIMI.[37][38] According to a cable leaked by Wikileaks, in 2009, he allegedly shared concerns with the American ambassador to India Timothy Roemer that radicalized Hindu groups may pose a bigger threat to India than Islamic terror groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba.[39][40] His comments on radical Hindu groups were criticized by the opposition party, as well as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.[41]
Sukanya Devi[link]
It has been alleged that Rahul Gandhi had detained a girl and her parents since 2007 after the family accused the Gandhi scion of raping the girl. On 01st Mar 2011, the Lucknow Bench of Allahabad High Court issued a notice to Rahul Gandhi,[42] however the allegations were found to be false. Allahabad high court not only dismissed the case after the girl in question appeared in the court, but slapped a 
50 lakh penalty against the petitioner ordering a CBI inquiry against her and websites publishing the story.[43]
13th Jul 2011 Terror Attack remarks[link]
On 14th Jul 2011, a day after the serial bombing in Mumbai, Rahul Gandhi gave a statement that "it was very difficult to stop every single terror attack". The remark resulted in a number of strong criticism from a number of Shiv Sena party members.[44]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Vidya Subrahmaniam (18 April 2004). "Gandhi detergent washes away caste". The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/623458.cms. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ Sudip Mazumdar (25 December 2006). "Charisma Is Not Enough". Newsweek International. Archived from the original on 2007-01-27. http://web.archive.org/web/20070127214227/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16241337/site/newsweek/. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ Detailed Profile – Shri Rahul Gandhi – Members of Parliament (Lok Sabha) – Who's Who – Government: National Portal of India. India.gov.in. Retrieved on 2011-08-09.
- ^ M.V.Kamath. "Does Congress want to perpetuate Nehru-Gandhi dynasty?". Samachar. Archived from the original on 2006-10-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20061028203930/http://samachar.com/features/290905-features.html. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ George Iype (23 March 2004). "Rahul Gandhi:Biography". oneindia.in. http://living.oneindia.in/celebrity/other-celebrities/2008/rahul-gandhi-biography.html. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ [searchindia.com/search/indian-politicians-rajiv-gandhi.html "Indian Politician – Profile of Rajiv Gandhi"]. searchindia.com/search/indian-politicians-rajiv-gandhi.html. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ Sanjay Hazarika (16 July 1989). "Foes of Gandhi make targets of his children". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEEDE1130F935A25754C0A96F948260&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
- ^ a b Rahul completed education in US under a false name – India – DNA. Dnaindia.com (2009-04-30). Retrieved on 2011-08-09.
- ^ "The accused, the charges, the verdict". Frontline. 7 February 2010. http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1503/15030150.htm.
- ^ "Newsweek apologises to Rahul Gandhi". The Indian Express. 27 January 2007. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/newsweek-apologises-to-rahul-gandhi/21088/1.
- ^ A Question Of TheHeir & Now. www.outlookindia.com. Retrieved on 2011-08-09.
- ^ "Cambridge varsity confirms Rahul’s qualifications". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 29 April 2009. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/article319541.ece. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ "The Great White Hope: The Son Also Rises". Rediff.com. 13 April 2004. http://www.rediff.com/news/2004/apr/13rajeev.htm.
- ^ Want to be CEO of Rahul Gandhi's firm? rediff.com "his start-up BPO venture, Backops Services Private Ltd ... call centre-like operation providing engineering detail and structural planning services ... based in Mumbai, was incorporated in Delhi on May 28, 2002 ... Gandhi and family friend Manoj Muttu as the two directors"
- ^ a b "Rahul attacks 'divisive' politics". BBC News. 12 April 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3619123.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Majumder, Sanjoy (22 March 2004). "Gandhi fever in Indian heartlands". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3557045.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Biswas, Soutik (23 March 2004). "The riddle of Rahul Gandhi". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3560771.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "India elections: Good day – bad day". BBC News. 2 June 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3711881.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ The Tribune, Chandigarh, 21 August 2004; The Telegraph India, 20 May 2006; BBC News, 26 May 2004.
- ^ Majumder, Sanjoy (11 May 2006). "India's communists upbeat over future". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4761871.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Uttar Pradesh low caste landslide". BBC News. 11 May 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6643953.stm. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi gets Congress post". BBC News. 24 zzz19zzz 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7010099.stm. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi gets Youth Congress Charge". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 25 zzz19zzz 2007. http://www.hindu.com/2007/09/25/stories/2007092550240100.htm. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
- ^ In the family way. Indian Express (2008-10-03). Retrieved on 2011-08-09.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi's talent hunt". The Economic Times. 7 November 2008. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/PoliticsNation/Rahul_Gandhis_secret_talent_hunt/articleshow/3684740.cms. Retrieved 2008-11-07. [dead link]
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi’s Youth Congress gets overwhelming response". DNA India. 24 May 2010. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_rahul-gandhi-s-youth-congress-gets-overwhelming-response_1386926. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ "Family Still Comes First: Rahul Gandhi fails to eliminate family, patronage, money from Youth Congress". India Today. 11 July 2011. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/rahul-gandhi-fails-his-promise-to-rid-youth-congress-of-family-patronage-money/1/143357.html. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ^ "J&K: Senior leaders’ kin grab plum posts in YC". Indian Express. 4 August 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/j&k-senior-leaders-kin-grab-plum-posts-in/827021/. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ^ "Youth Congress loses battle to shed family, patronage, money". Indian Express. August 2011. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/youth-congress-loses-battle-to-shed-family/740782/. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ^ "Sonia secures biggest margin, Rahul follows". The Times of India (Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd.). 18 May 2009. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Lucknow/Sonia-secures-biggest-margin-Rahul-follows/articleshow/4544401.cms. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
- ^ Sulekha news (27 August 2011). "Sushma tears into Rahul's address on Lokpal "]. http://newshopper.sulekha.com/sushma-tears-into-rahul-s-address-on-lokpal_news_1339499.htm. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ DNA correspondent (9 December 2011). "Anna Hazare blames Rahul Gandhi for ‘ineffective’ Lokpal Bill "]. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_anna-hazare-blames-rahul-gandhi-for-ineffective-lokpal-bill_1623889. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi arrested in Uttar Pradesh". Yahoo News (Yahoo News). 12 May 2011. http://in.news.yahoo.com/rahul-gandhi-arrested-uttar-pradesh-released-210738122.html. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi arrested by UP police". LiveMint (LiveMint.com). 12 May 2011. http://www.livemint.com/2011/05/12001359/Rahul-Gandhi-arrested-by-UP-po.html. Retrieved 2011-05-12.
- ^ http://www.ndtv.com/election/assembly-2012/
- ^ http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?280188
- ^ RSS is 'fanatical' like banned outfit SIMI : Rahul. The Economic Times. 6 October 2010
- ^ RSS as fanatical as SIMI: Rahul. Hindustan Times (2010-10-06). Retrieved on 2011-08-09.
- ^ Rahul Gandhi, the "crown prince" of Indian politics, told the American ambassador last year that Hindu extremist groups could pose a greater threat to his country than Muslim militants The Hindu December 17, 2010.
- ^ Radical Hindu units bigger threat than LeT: Rahul Gandhi economictimes.com, ET Bureau, Dec 18, 2010.
- ^ "Radical Hindu groups bigger threat than LeT, says Rahul". India Today. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/site/story/rahul-gandhi-in-wikileaks-terror-row/1/123754.html. Retrieved 13 May 2011.
- ^ "HC issues notice to Rahul Gandhi for girl's illegal detention". The Economic Times. 1 March 2011. http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-01/news/28645634_1_hc-issues-notice-illegal-detention-rahul-gandhi.
- ^ "50-lakh penalty slapped on petitioner out to defame Rahul". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 8 March 2011. http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/08/stories/2011030860550300.htm.
- ^ "Rahul Gandhi on Terror Attacks". Outlook India. 14 July 2011. http://news.outlookindia.com/item.aspx?727739.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rahul Gandhi |
- Profile at BBC News
- Profile at Govt. of India website
- Rahul Gandhi collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Rahul Gandhi collected news and commentary at The Times of India
| Lok Sabha | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Sonia Gandhi |
Member for Amethi 2004 – present |
Incumbent |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Gandhi, Rahul |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian Politician |
| Date of birth | 19 June 1970 |
| Place of birth | New Delhi, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Bundelkhand anciently known as Chedi Kingdom (Bundeli, Hindi: बुन्देलखण्ड, Urdu: بندیل کھنڈ; got its name from Bundela Rajputs until the 16th century, during the rule of Chandel Rajputs later on by Bundela Rajputs, known as Jaijak bhukti or Jejaka bhukti) is a geographic region of central India. The region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion lying in the latter.
The major towns are Jhansi, Datia, Tikamgarh, Rath, Lalitpur, Sagar, Damoh, Orai, Panna, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda Narsinghpur and Chhatarpur.Bundelkhand's most well known place, however, is Dhaulpur which has a number of 10th century temples devoted to fine-living and eroticism. The mines of Panna have been famous for magnificent diamonds; and a very large one dug from the last was kept in the fort of Kalinjar.
Bundelkhand lies between the Indo-Gangetic Plain to the north and the Vindhya Range to the south. It is a gently sloping upland, distinguished by barren hilly terrain with sparse vegetation, although it was historically forested. The plains of Bundelkhand are intersected by three mountain ranges, the Vindhya, Fauna and Bander chains, the highest elevation not exceeding 600 meters above sea-level. Beyond these ranges the country is further diversified by isolated hills rising abruptly from a common level, and presenting from their steep and nearly inaccessible scarps eligible sites for forts and strongholds of local kings. The general slope of the country is towards the northeast, as indicated by the course of the rivers which traverse or bound the territory, and finally discharge themselves into the Yamuna River.
