UN/LOCODE, the United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations, is a geographic coding scheme developed and maintained by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), a unit of the United Nations. UN/LOCODE assigns codes to locations used in trade and transport with functions such as seaports, rail and road terminals, airports, post offices and border crossing points. The first issue in 1981 contained codes for 8,000 locations. The version from 2011 contained codes for about 82,000 locations.^[1]

Anglicized names[link]

Beside the abbreviation, UN/LOCODE also defines a spelling for each location that can be written using only letters of the English alphabet. This was achieved by stripping off the diacritics from the romanized local name.^[2]

Structure[link]

UN/LOCODEs have five characters. The first two characters are letters. They code a country by the table defined in ISO 3166-1 alpha-2. The three remaining characters code a location within that country. Letters are preferred, but if necessary digits 2 through 9 may be used, excluding "0" and "1" to avoid confusion between "O" and "0" and between "I" and "1".

For each country there can be a maximum of 26*26*26 = 17 576 entries, using only letters, or 34*34*34 = 39 304 entries using letters and digits.

For the US, the 17 576 possible letter combinations have been almost exhausted. In 2006, the Secretariat added 646 entries to the 2006-2 issue of UN/LOCODE, in which the third position of 3-character codes is a digit from 2 to 9. The 2007 issue of UN/LOCODE contains 689 such US entries.

Loose consistency with existing IATA airport codes[link]

For airports, the three letters following the country code are not always identical to the IATA airport code. According to the Secretariat note for Issue 2006-2, there are 720 locations showing a different IATA code.^[2]

Official UN/LOCODE tables[link]

UN/LOCODEs are released as a table. An individual revision is officially referred to as an "issue". A discussion of the table's structure follows.

Examples[link]

Explanations

• US NYC  for New York City in the United States. Subdivision is the U.S. state of New York (see ISO 3166-2:US). Function: port, rail, road, airport, postal. IATA code is NYC. Coordinates: 40°42′N 074°00′W / 40.7°N 74°W / 40.7; -74.

• DE BER  for Berlin (city) in Germany. Subdivision is the German state of Berlin (see ISO 3166-2:DE). Function: port, rail, road, airport, postal. IATA code is BER. Coordinates: 52°31′N 013°23′E / 52.517°N 13.383°E / 52.517; 13.383.

• DE TXL  for Berlin-Tegel Airport in Germany. Function: airport. IATA code is TXL.

• FR PAR  for Paris (city) in France. Subdivision is the French department of Paris (see ISO 3166-2:FR). Function: port, rail, road, postal.

• GB PAR  for Par in United Kingdom. Subdivision is the English county of Cornwall (see ISO 3166-2:GB). Function: port.

• SE GOT  for Göteborg (Goteborg without diacritics) in Sweden. Subdivision is the Swedish county of Västra Götaland (see ISO 3166-2:SE). Function: port, airport, postal. The IATA code of XWL indicated in the table is that of a train station in the city centre of Göteborg (though not the Central Station), while the IATA code for the main airport (Göteborg-Landvetter Airport) is actually GOT. It also has a separate reference entry showing an alternate spelling of Gothenburg.

Data fields[link]

The fields are listed in the official order.

Ch (Changes)[link]

A change from the previous issue is indicated by one of the following characters in the first column:

+  Additions to the issue

#  Change in location name (usually spelling) Note: Not defined in the manual [1]

|  Change other than location name

X  Entries marked for deletion in the next issue

=  Reference entry

!  US locations with duplicated IATA code, under review

Locode[link]

The code is represented with a space between the country code and the 3-letter element.

Name[link]

The name of the location.

Name Without Diacritics[link]

The name of the location, but all non-latin-base characters are converted.

Can contain ' e.g. L'viv

SubDiv (Subdivision)[link]

The ISO 1 to 3 character alphabetic and/or numeric code for the administrative division (state, province, department, etc.) of the country, as included in ISO 3166-2/1998. Only the latter part of the complete ISO 3166-2 code element (after the hyphen) is shown.

Function[link]

Each defined function gets a classifier; the most important are:

• 1 = port (for any kind of waterborne transport)
• 2 = rail terminal
• 3 = road terminal
• 4 = airport
• 5 = postal exchange office
• 6 = Inland Clearance Depot – ICD or "Dry Port", "Inland Clearance Terminal", etc.
• 7 = fixed transport functions (e.g. oil platform)"; the classifier "7" is reserved for this function. Noting that the description "oil pipeline terminal" would be more relevant, and could be extended to cover also electric power lines and ropeway terminals.
• B = Border crossing function

Status[link]

Indicates the status of the entry by a 2-character code. The following codes are used at present:

• AA: Approved by competent national government agency
• AC: Approved by Customs Authority
• AF: Approved by national facilitation body
• AI: Code adopted by international organisation (IATA or ECLAC)
• AS: Approved by national standardisation body
• RL: Recognised location - Existence and representation of location name confirmed by check against nominated gazetteer or other reference work
• RN: Request from credible national sources for locations in their own country
• RQ: Request under consideration
• RR: Request rejected
• QQ: Original entry not verified since date indicated
• XX: Entry that will be removed from the next issue of UN/LOCODE

Date[link]

The date the location was added or updated: 0207 is July 2002, 9501 is January 1995, etc.

Observation: The edition published in 2008 contains for additions the value 0701, while in other cases the exact month is used like 9710, 0212.

IATA[link]

The IATA code for the location if different from the second part of the UN/LOCODE.

Coordinates[link]

Some entries have coordinates in the database. They are represented by two numbers: the first followed by either N or S, the second by either E or W.

Remarks[link]

The remarks column can among other things contain a hint to what specifically was changed (See data field - "Change").

Errors[link]

In 2006-07 IQ IRB for Irbil was added while IQ ABL Arbil with almost the same coordinates existed. In the 2007 edition IQ ABL gets marked for deletion and IQ EBL Erbil International Apt is added to the database, but with a different coordinates, reflecting the distance between airport and city. The error is to delete ABL and to insert IRB.^{[citation needed]}}

Occasionally locations are listed twice; this is not necessarily an error. In issue 2006-1, ARSMC San Miguel de Tucumán (functions 2,3) was added while ARTUC Tucumán (function 1) already was in the list. The coordinates are with very little deviation the same. Also in 2006-1, ARSSJ San Salvador de Jujuy was added (function 4) while ARJUJ Jujuy (functions 1,2,3,5) already existed.

2007 added a 2nd code for Bánovce nad Bebravou.

SK  BAN Bánovce Nad Bebravou --3----- RL 0701 4843N 01815E
SK  BNB Bánovce nad Bebravou -23--6-- RL 0607 4843N 01815E

The 2007 edition contains character encoding errors in the .txt and .csv files. The name for the new code FR ONM Moёlan-sur-Mer does not show the ё correctly. In the .mdb file it is encoded correctly but the column "NameWoDiacritics" contains the name with diacritics .i.e. "Moёlan-sur-Mer". Users who cannot access .mdb files, cannot obtain from the website a correct list for their databases.

Another error from 2007 code list:

  DE  GXD Gross-Umstadt Gross-Umstadt HE --3----- RL 0201 4952N 00855E
+ DE  UMS Gross-Umstadt Gross-Umstadt HE -23----- RL 0701 4952N 00856E

US TRI + US BOS, same coor and within TRI different coor

US BFS Bristol                            VA RL -234---- 0212 3636N 08211W cf US JCI, US BSO, US TRI
US BSO Bristol Apt                        TN RL -234---- 0212 3635N 08210W cf US JCI Apt, US BSO Apt, US TRI Apt
US TRI Bristol-Johnson City-Kingsport Apt TN RL -234---- 0212 3635N 08210W cf US JCI, US BSO, US TRI
US TRI Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol Apt TN RL -234---- 0212 3635N 08210W cf US JCI, US TRI, US BSO
US TRI Kingsport-Bristol-Johnson City Apt TN RL -234---- 0212 3635N 08210W cf US JCI, US TRI, US BSO
US TRI Kingsport Apt                      TN AI ---4---- 0212 3632N 08233W cf US BSO Apt, US JCI Apt

2009-1[link]

The 2009-1 release added several entries for Ukraine where the longitude is off by a few orders of magnitude. Ranging from 23230E to 38829E, they are outside what would constitute an eastern longitude. Ivano Frankovsk and Chuguyev have two entries now, along with Nikolayev. For all three, the romanized spelling varies.

+  UA IVA Ivano Frankivsk                   26  --3----- RL 0901      4855N 24422E
   UA IFO Ivano-Frankovsk                       ---4---- AI 0001
+  UA CHU Chuguev                           63  --3----- RL 0901      4950N 36411E
+  UA CGV Chuguyev                          63  -23----- RL 0901      4950N 03641E
   UA NLV Nikolaev                              ---4---- AI 0001
   UA NIK Nikolayev                             1------- AI 9501

Other entries with wrong coordinates:

+  UA BOH Bohorodchany                      26  --3----- RL 0901      4848N 24321E
+  UA IZI Iziaslav                          7   --3----- RL 0901      5606N 26492E
+  UA KAM Kamianets-Podilskyi               68  --3----- RL 0901      4841N 26345E
+  UA KHA Khartsyzk                         14  --3----- RL 0901      4802N 38829E
+  UA KHM Khmelnytskyi                      68  --3----- RL 0901      4950N 36411E
+  UA KIR Kirovohrad                        35  --3----- RL 0901      4830N 32157E
+  UA KON Konstantinovka                        --3----- RL 0901      4722N 32170E
+  UA MIR Mironovka                         14  --3----- RL 0901      4829N 38150E
+  UA MYR Myronivka                         32  --3----- RL 0901      4939N 30590E
+  UA POL Nikopol                           12  --3----- RL 0901      4734N 34240E
+  UA LAH Nova Vodolaha                     63  --3----- RL 0901      4943N 35520E
+  UA OVI Ovidiopol                         51  --3----- RL 0901      4616N 30260E
+  UA CRY Ripky                             74  -----6-- RL 0901      5148N 31600E
+  UA TAL Talne                             71  --3----- RL 0901      4853N 30421E
+  UA TRU Truskavets                        46  --3----- RL 0901      4917N 23300E
+  UA VOR Vorzel                            32  --3----- RL 0901      5033N 30090E
+  UA YAV Yavoriv                           46  --3----- RL 0901      4956N 23230E
+  UA ZHO Zhovkva                               --3----- RL 0901      5040N 23580E

For the US more codes with one letter and the number 9 alone were added. For the range H to M they are:

+  US R9  Harpersville                        VA  --3----- RL 0901      4313N 07626W
+  US T9  Henrietta                           MO  -23----- RL 0901      3914N 09356W
+  US U9  Hugo                                MN  -----6-- RL 0901      4509N 09259W
+  US D9  Indian Head                         MD  -----6-- RL 0901      3836N 07709W
+  US F9  Lindenwood                          IL  -----6-- RL 0901      4203N 08901W
+  US T9  Mantua                              OH  -----6-- RL 0901      4117N 08113W
+  US W9  Matthews                            MO  -----6-- RL 0901      3645N 08935W
   US L9  Maylene                             AL  --3----- RL 0701      3312N 08652W
+  US N9  Milan                               NM  --3----- RL 0901      3510N 10753W
   US D9  Minidoka                            ID  -23----- RL 0701      4245N 11330W
   US C9  Mitchell                            MS  --3----- RL 0701      3443N 08851W
+  US R9  Morgan                              PA  -----6-- RL 0901      3955N 07939W
+  US V9  Morrisville                         NJ  --3--6-- RL 0901      3958N 07503W
   US H9  Mount Hope                          OH  --3--6-- RL 0701      4037N 08147W
   US F9  Munroe Falls                        OH  -23----- RL 0701      4109N 08126W

Problems[link]

Some entries do not have coordinates, so it is not clear where they actually refer to. If an IATA code changes, then the UN/LOCODE could also be considered to have changed.

MS MNI Montserrat Montserrat AI ---4---- 9601

• Gerald's Airport from 2005, ICAO: TRPG
• W. H. Bramble Airport until 1997, ICAO: formerly TRPM

For Kochi / Cochin the postal function has KOC (1998) and all other functions have COK (2003).

IN KOC Kochi  Kochi     AI ----5--- 9805
IN COK Cochin Cochin KL AA 1234-6-- 0307 0958N 07614E

Release history[link]

Notes

#  Change in location (spelling or other)

|  Other changes

+  Additions to the current issue

X  Entries marked for deletion in the next issue

See also[link]

• List of airports by IATA code
• List of IATA-indexed train stations

References[link]

1. ^ "UN/LOCODE (United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations), Issue 2011". 2011-09-22. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc111sec.pdf. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2006-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2007-04-30. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc062sec.pdf. 
3. ^ "UN/LOCODE (United Nations Code for Trade and Transport Locations), Issue 2006-2". 2007-04-30. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/. 
4. ^ "News Archives (2004-2007)". UN/CEFACT, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/cf_news_archive.htm. 
5. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2011-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/loc112sec.pdf. Retrieved 2012-02-28. 
6. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2011-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/cefact/locode/loc111sec.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
7. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2010-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc102sec.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-06. 
8. ^ "UN/CEFACT: News". http://www.unece.org/cefact/. Retrieved 2011-10-06. "18 December 2010: UNECE has released the 2010-2 UN/LOCODE directory." 
9. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2010-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc101sec.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-06. 
10. ^ "UN/CEFACT: News". http://www.unece.org/cefact/. Retrieved 2010-02-19. "29 October 2010: UNECE has released the 2010-1 UN/LOCODE directory." 
11. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2009-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc092sec.pdf. Retrieved 2010-02-19. 
12. ^ "UN/CEFACT: News". http://www.unece.org/cefact/. Retrieved 2010-02-19. "8 February 2010: UNECE has released the 2009-2 UN/LOCODE directory." 
13. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2009-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2009-09-23. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc091sec.pdf. 
14. ^ "UN/CEFACT: News". http://www.unece.org/cefact/. Retrieved 2009-11-07. "23 September 2009: UNECE has released the 2009-1 UN/LOCODE directory." 
15. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2007". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2008-03-20. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc07sec.pdf. 
16. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2006-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2006-06-09. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc061sec.pdf. 
17. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2005-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc052sec.pdf. 
18. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2005-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2005-02-28. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc051sec.pdf. 
19. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2004-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2004-07-27. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc042sec.pdf. 
20. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2004-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2004-02-18. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc041sec.pdf. 
21. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2003-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc032sec.pdf. 
22. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2003-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc031sec.pdf. 
23. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2002-2". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc022sec.pdf. 
24. ^ "Secretariat Note to the users of UN/LOCODE 2002-1". United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/cefact/locode/loc021sec.pdf. 

External links[link]

• UN/LOCODE, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), UN/LOCODE
• UN/LOCODE Code List download (latest version)
• Location Code list *
• Country Codes *
• Subdivision Codes *
• Formal basis of UN/LOCODE, UNECE Recommendation for Trade Facilitation No.16
• United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT)

Sharon Stone
Stone at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005
Born	Sharon Vonne Stone (1958-03-10) March 10, 1958 (age 54) Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States
Occupation	Actress, model, producer
Years active	1980–present
Spouse	Michael Greenburg (1984–1990) Phil Bronstein (1998–2004)
Children	3

Sharon Vonne Stone (born March 10, 1958) is an American actress, film producer, and former fashion model. She achieved international recognition for her role in the erotic thriller Basic Instinct. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama for her performance in Casino.

Early life[link]

Stone was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania. The second of four children, she is the daughter of Dorothy (née Lawson), an accountant and homemaker, and Joseph William Stone II, a tool and die manufacturer and factory worker.^[1][2][3] Stone graduated in 1975 from Saegertown High School in Saegertown, Pennsylvania.^[3]

Career[link]

Modeling[link]

Stone won the title of Miss Crawford County in Meadville, and was a candidate for Miss Pennsylvania.^[3] One of the pageant judges said she should quit school and move to New York City to become a fashion model.^[3] In 1977, Stone left Meadville, moving in with an aunt in New Jersey. Within four days of her arrival in New Jersey, she was signed by Ford Modeling Agency in New York.

1980–1989[link]

While living in Europe, she decided to quit modeling and become an actress. "So I packed my bags, moved back to New York, and stood in line to be an extra in a Woody Allen movie," she later recalled.^{[citation needed]} Stone was cast for a brief role in Allen's Stardust Memories (1980),^[3] and then had a speaking part a year later in the horror film Deadly Blessing (1981). French director Claude Lelouch cast her in Les Uns et les Autres (1982), starring James Caan.^{[citation needed]} She was on screen for two minutes and did not appear in the credits.

Her next film role was in Irreconcilable Differences (1984), starring Ryan O'Neal, Shelley Long, and a young Drew Barrymore. Stone played a starlet who breaks up the marriage of a successful director and his screenwriter wife. In 1984, she appeared in a two-part episode of Magnum, P.I., titled "Echoes of the Mind", where she played identical twins, one a love interest of Tom Selleck's character.

Through the rest of the 1980s, she had roles in such B-films as King Solomon's Mines (1985) and Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1987), and played Steven Seagal's wife in Above the Law (1988). Also in 1988, Stone took over the role of Janice Henry for the filming of the miniseries War and Remembrance.

1990–2002[link]

Stone in France, 1991

Her appearance in Dutch film director Paul Verhoeven's Total Recall (1990) with Arnold Schwarzenegger gave Stone's career a boost.^[3] To coincide with the film's release, she posed nude for Playboy, showing off the muscles she developed in preparation for the film (she lifted weights and learned taekwondo). In 1999, she was rated among the 25 sexiest stars of the century by Playboy.^[4]

In another Verhoeven film was the role that made her a star, playing Catherine Tramell, a brilliant, bisexual, alleged serial killer, in Basic Instinct (1992).^[3] Several better known actresses of the time turned down the part, mostly because of the nudity required.^{[citation needed]} In the film's most notorious scene, Tramell is being questioned by the police, and she crosses and uncrosses her legs, revealing the fact she is not wearing any underwear.^[5] According to Stone, she agreed to film the flashing scene with no panties, and although she and Verhoeven had discussed the scene from the beginning of production, she was unaware just how explicit the infamous shot would be:^[6]

"I knew that we were going to do this leg-crossing thing and I knew that we were going to allude to the concept that I was nude, but I did not think that you would see my vagina in the scene. Later, when I saw it in the screening I was shocked. I think seeing it in a room full of strangers was so disrespectful and so shocking, so I went into the booth and slapped him and left."^[7][8]

She claimed in an earlier interview, however, that "it was so fun" watching the film for the first time with strangers.^[6] Verhoeven has denied all claims of trickery and said, "As much as I love her, I hate her, too, especially after the lies she told the press about the shot between her legs, which was a straight lie".^[9] Screenwriter Joe Eszterhas, who later befriended the actress, also claimed in his memoir, Hollywood Animal, that the actress was fully aware of the level of nudity involved.

Stone at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival

Following Basic Instinct, she was listed by People magazine as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world.^[10] In 1992, photographer George Hurrell took a series of photographs of Stone, Sherilyn Fenn, Julian Sands, Raquel Welch, Eric Roberts, and Sean Penn. In November 1995, Stone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6925 Hollywood Blvd. That same year, Empire chose her as one of the 100 sexiest stars in film history. In October 1997, she was ranked among the top 100 film stars of all time by Empire.

In 1995, she received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Dramatic Motion Picture, for her role as "Ginger" in Martin Scorsese's Casino, opposite Robert De Niro.^[3] She also earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the role.^[3] The same year, she starred opposite Gene Hackman, Russell Crowe, and Leonardo DiCaprio in the Sam Raimi western The Quick And The Dead. Also in 1995, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award.^[11]

Stone starred opposite Ellen DeGeneres in the 2000 HBO film If These Walls Could Talk 2, in which she played a lesbian trying to start a family. For her work on 'Walls', she was again recognized by Women in Film, this time with the Lucy Award.^[11]

In 2001, Stone was linked to a biopic of the German film director Leni Riefenstahl. The prospective director, Paul Verhoeven, and Riefenstahl herself, favoured Stone to portray Riefenstahl in the film. According to Verhoeven, he discussed the project with Stone and she was very interested. Subsequently, Verhoeven pulled out of the project as he wanted to hire a more expensive screenwriter than the producers did.^[12][13]

Stone was hospitalized on September 29, 2001 for a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was diagnosed as a vertebral artery dissection rather than the more common ruptured aneurysm, and treated with an endovascular coil embolization.^[14]

2003–present[link]

Stone in 2005

In 2003, she appeared in three episodes from the eighth season of The Practice. For her performances, she received an Emmy Award^[15] for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.

Also in 2003, she appeared in a James Woods-directed American Stroke Association television commercial to raise awareness of the symptoms of a stroke. This commercial was also shown in Canada courtesy of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.^[16]

Stone attempted a return to the mainstream with roles in the films Cold Creek Manor (2003) with Dennis Quaid and Catwoman (2004) with Halle Berry; however, both films were critical and commercial flops.

After years of litigation, Basic Instinct 2: Risk Addiction was released on March 31, 2006. A reason for a long delay in releasing the film was reportedly Stone's dispute with the filmmakers over the nudity in the film; she wanted more, while they wanted less. A group sex scene was cut in order to achieve an R rating from the MPAA for the U.S. release; the controversial scene remained in the U.K. version of the London-based film. Stone told an interviewer, "We are in a time of odd repression and if a popcorn movie allows us to create a platform for discussion, wouldn't that be great?"^[17]

Despite an estimated budget of $70 million, it placed only 10th in gross on its debut weekend with a meager $3,200,000, and was subsequently declared a bomb.^[18] It ultimately ran in theaters for only 17 days and finished with a total domestic gross of under $6 million. Despite the failure of Basic Instinct 2, Stone has said that she would love to direct and act in a third Basic Instinct film.

Stone at the 83rd Academy Awards in 2011

She appeared in the 2006 drama Alpha Dog opposite Bruce Willis, playing Olivia Mazursky, the mother of a real-life murder victim. Stone wore a fatsuit for the role.^[19] In February 2007, Stone found her role as a clinically depressed woman in her latest film, When a Man Falls in the Forest, uplifting, as it challenged what she called "Prozac society." "It was a watershed experience," she said. "I think that we live in a... Prozac society where we're always told we're supposed to have this kind of equilibrium of emotion. We have all these assignments about how we're supposed to feel about something."^[20]

In December 2006, she co hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway together with Anjelica Huston. The concert was in honor of the Nobel Peace Prize winners Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank.^[21] Also in that year, she appeared in the last episode of the Turkish TV series Kurtlar Vadisi (Valley of the Wolves) along with Andy Garcia.^{[citation needed]}

On January 5, 2010, Entertainment Weekly reported Stone's impending appearance in four episodes of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in April,^[22] and then included in a review on the 29th of that April such descriptions of Stone's performance as a "great presence," and having "had to revive her best . . . tone to sell hokey lines" in a series it described as "mawkish and overwrought."^[23] Stone portrayed Jo Marlowe, a former cop turned prosecutor.

Criticism[link]

Tanzania[link]

On January 28, 2005, Stone helped solicit pledges for $1 million in five minutes for mosquito nets in Tanzania,^[24] turning a panel on African poverty into an impromptu fund-raiser at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Many observers, including UNICEF, criticized her actions by claiming that Stone had reacted instinctively to the words of Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa, because she had not done her research on the causes, consequences and methods of preventing malaria.^[25]

Of the $1 million pledged, only $250,000 was actually raised. In order to fulfill the promise to send $1 million worth of bed nets to Tanzania, UNICEF contributed $750,000.^[26] This diverted funds from other UNICEF projects.^[26] According to prominent economist Xavier Sala-i-Martín, officials are largely unaware of what happened with the bed nets. Some were delivered to the local airport.^[26] These reportedly were stolen and later resurfaced as wedding dresses on the local black market.^[25][26]

Chinese earthquake[link]

Stone sparked a storm of criticism with her comments in an exchange on the red carpet with Hong Kong's Cable Entertainment News during the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival on May 25, 2008. When asked about the 2008 Sichuan earthquake she remarked:

Well you know it was very interesting because at first, you know, I'm not happy about the way the Chinese are treating the Tibetans because I don't think anyone should be unkind to anyone else. And so I have been very concerned about how to think and what to do about that because I don't like that. And I had been this, you know, concerned about, oh how should we deal with the Olympics because they are not being nice to the Dalai Lama, who is a good friend of mine. And then this earthquake and all this stuff happened, and then I thought, is that Karma? When you're not nice then the bad things happen to you? ^[27]

Observers have noted that Wenchuan County, the epicenter of the earthquake, is located in Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, where ethnic Tibetans compose over half the population. According to the Hollywood Reporter, one of China's biggest cinema chains reacted to Stone's comments by declaring it would not show her films in its theaters.^[28] The founder of the UME Cineplex chain and the chairman of the Federation of Hong Kong Filmmakers, Ng See-Yuen, called Stone's comments "inappropriate," and said the UME Cineplex chain would be presenting her films no further.^[28] Christian Dior advertisements featuring Stone's image were dropped from all ads in China amid the public uproar.^[29] Stone was struck from the 2008 Shanghai International Film Festival guest list, and the event's organizers considered banning the actress permanently.^[30]

Dior China had originally posted an apology in Stone's name, but Stone later denied making the apology during an interview with the New York Times, saying "I'm not going to apologize. I'm certainly not going to apologize for something that isn't real and true – not for face creams," although she does admit she had "sounded like an idiot."^[31] However, after the interview, Stone released a statement entitled "In my own words by Sharon Stone" in which she said "I could not be more regretful of that mistake. It was unintentional. I apologize. Those words were never meant to be hurtful to anyone."^[32]

While Stone cited the Dalai Lama as her "good friend" when she made the remark at the Cannes film festival, the Dalai Lama has reportedly distanced himself by saying of her only, "yes, I've met that lady".^[33][34]

Mensa[link]

For many years, Stone maintained that she had an IQ of 148^[35] and was a member of Mensa,^[36][37] but in April 2002, she admitted she was not, and had never been, a member of that society.^[36][38] Jim Blackmore of Mensa said, "It's delightful to finally see Ms. Stone admit that she's not and never has been a member of our society." Blackmore admits Stone may be as clever as many like to think. He says, "My gut feeling is that she would definitely qualify. But that's just based on what we've been told by other individuals."^[38]

Personal life[link]

In March 2006, Stone traveled to Israel to promote peace in the Middle East through a press conference with Nobel Peace Prize winner Shimon Peres.^[39]

Religion[link]

Stone is a convert to Tibetan Buddhism.^[40] She believes in God and is religious by self-description.^[41] She is an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church.^[42]

Relationships[link]

Stone married television producer Michael Greenburg in 1984 on the set of The Vegas Strip War, a television film he produced and she starred in. The couple separated three years later, and their divorce was finalized in 1990.^[43]

In 1993, Stone met William J. MacDonald (aka Bill MacDonald) on the set of the film Sliver, which he co-produced. MacDonald left his wife Naomi Baca for Stone and became engaged to her. They separated one year later in 1994.^[44]

While working on the film The Quick and the Dead in 1995, Stone met Bob Wagner (a second assistant director) and they became engaged. After they separated, Stone returned the engagement ring via FedEx.^[45]

On February 14, 1998, Stone married Phil Bronstein, executive editor of the San Francisco Examiner and later San Francisco Chronicle.^[46] They adopted a baby son, Roan Joseph Bronstein, in 2000.^[47] Bronstein filed for divorce in 2003, citing irreconcilable differences.^[48] The divorce became final in 2004,^[49] with a judge ruling that Roan should remain primarily with Bronstein, with Stone receiving visitation.^[50][51]

Stone adopted her second son, Laird Vonne Stone, in 2005,^[52] and her third son, Quinn Kelly Stone, in 2006.^[43][53]

In 2005, during a television interview for her film Basic Instinct 2, Stone hinted at an interest in bisexuality, stating "Middle age is an open-minded period".^[54] Stone also has said that in the past she's "dated" girls. Furthermore, in Naked Instinct, an unauthorized biography of Stone, author Frank Sanello details a sexual liaison between Stone and a woman in the bathroom of the Beverly Hills Hotel.^[55] In an interview on the Michael Parkinson talk show in Britain on March 18, 2006, she said she was straight. However, in January 2008, she was quoted as saying, "Everybody is bisexual to an extent. Now men act like women and it's difficult to have a relationship because I like men in that old-fashioned way. I like masculinity and, in truth, only women do that now".^[56]

In 2011, Stone stated on Piers Morgan Tonight that she was never married to George Howe Englund Jr., despite contrary internet rumors.^[57]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sharon Stone

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Sharon Stone

• Sharon Stone at the Internet Movie Database

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2010)

Ramon Fernandez

Alias	"El Presidente", "The Franchise"
Jersey No.	10, 19
Position	Center/Power Forward
Current Team	Retired
Personal Info
Country	Philippines
Born	(1953-10-03) October 3, 1953 (age 58) Maasin, Southern Leyte, Philippines
Height	6 ft. 5 in.
Weight	175 lbs.
College	University of San Carlos
Career Highlights
Draft	Elevated, 1975 by Toyota Comets
Pro Career	1975 – 1994
Also played for	Toyota Comets/Tamaraws/Super Corollas/Silver Coronas (1975-1984) Beer Hausen/Manila Beer Brewmasters (1984-1985) Tanduay Rhum Makers (1985-1987) Purefoods Hotdogs (1988) San Miguel Beermen (1988-1994)
Awards Received
6-Time PBA All-Star (1989-94) 1982 PBA Most Valuable Player 1984 PBA Most Valuable Player 1986 PBA Most Valuable Player 1988 PBA Most Valuable Player 1976 PBA Mythical First Team 1977 PBA Mythical First Team 1978 PBA Mythical First Team 1979 PBA Mythical First Team 1980 PBA Mythical First Team 1981 PBA Mythical First Team 1982 PBA Mythical First Team 1984 PBA Mythical First Team 1986 PBA Mythical First Team 1988 PBA Mythical First Team 1989 PBA Mythical First Team 1991 PBA Mythical First Team 1992 PBA Mythical First Team 1985 PBA Mythical Second Team 1987 PBA Mythical Second Team 1990 PBA Mythical Second Team 19 PBA Championships PBA's 25 Greatest Players PBA Hall of Fame Class of 2005

Ramon S. Fernandez is generally regarded as the greatest basketball player (and certainly the best and most revolutionary player at the center position) produced by the Philippine Basketball Association.^[1] Fernandez won four Most Valuable Player awards and a record of 19 PBA championships (the equivalent of 6 championships in the NBA as the PBA runs three championships a year) bagged. Fernandez scored 18,996 points to finish as the PBA's all-time scoring leader. He is also the PBA's all-time leader in rebounds, blocked shots, and second all-time in assists and steals. He played for five teams in his entire the PBA career starting with Toyota, Manila Beer, Tanduay, Purefoods, and with San Miguel, his last stop. Fernandez played in many overseas tournaments by being a part of the Philippine basketball team.

Career[link]

Fernandez was a product of the University of San Carlos in Cebu and was a member of several national teams. These include the 1972 Asian Youth Championships(Champion), 1973 Asian Basketball Confederation championship team, 1974 World Basketball Championships in Puerto Rico, the 1974 Asian Games in Iran and the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.

In 1975, Fernandez joined the Toyota team in the PBA, joining Robert Jaworski, Francis Arnáiz, Arnie Tuadles, Danny Florencio, and Abe King when they won nine titles from 1975-1983. Fernandez was the 1982 PBA Most Valuable Player, the only time he achieved the award during his days with the fabled Toyota team.

After Toyota's disbandment in 1984, Fernandez and several former Toyota teammates joined Beer Hausen. The move also further ignited a much-publicized feud with former teammate Jaworski. Fernandez won the 1984 MVP award, his second, during his first season with the Lucio Tan-owned franchise, but never led the team to the championship until he was shipped in the middle of the 1985 season to Tanduay for Abet Guidaben.

From 1986-1987, Fernandez along with former Crispa rivals Freddie Hubalde and Padim Israel, J.B. Yango, Willie Generalao, Onchie dela Cruz and imports Rob Williams, Andre McKoy and later, David Thirdkill, led the Rhum Masters to three PBA titles. Fernandez won his third MVP award in 1986.

Tanduay would disband before the 1988 season, but the franchise rights were bought by the Purefoods Corporation. Fernandez would become playing coach, his first coaching stint, of a young team composed of Jerry Codiñera, Jojo Lastimosa, Al Solís, Glen Capacio and later Alvin Patrimonio. In the 1988 Open Conference, he led his new team to a runner-up finish to San Miguel Beer. However, midway through the All-Filipino Conference, he would relinquish his coaching duties to his assistant, Cris Calilan, to concentrate on his game. But in a controversial move, Fernandez was benched during the Finals against Añejo Rhum. The said event led to his transfer to San Miguel Beer in exchange for, the second time, Abet Guidaben. Fernandez would later lead the Beermen to the 1988 Reinforced Conference Championship and also won his fourth MVP Award, becoming the first and the only player to win four MVP awards with four different teams.