- published: 26 May 2012
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A Coruña
A Coruña (Galician: [a koˈɾuɲa]) or La Coruña (Spanish: [la koˈɾuɲa]) (still sometimes known as Corunna in English, and archaically as The Groyne) is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second-largest city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela.
A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the entrance of an estuary in a large gulf (the Portus Magnus Artabrorum of the classical geographers) on the Atlantic Ocean. It provides a distribution point for agricultural goods from the region. Although much of the heavy industry is based on the shipyards and metalworks of the neighbouring city of Ferrol, there is an oil refinery in A Coruña itself.
In English, use of the Spanish or Galician forms now predominates. However, the traditional form Corunna can still be found, particularly in reference to the Battle of Corunna in the Peninsular War. Archaically, the city was known as The Groyne, probably from French "La Corogne", although this name could also be as much a geographical description given the city occupies a small peninsula protruding out into the Atlantic. In Spain, currently the only official form of the name is the Galician one, "A Coruña". Nonetheless, the Spanish form, La Coruña, is still widespread, and it is the traditional name in Spanish recommended by the Real Academia Española for texts in Spanish. It is usually used in extra-official documents and in conversations between Spanish-speakers.[citation needed]
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Aitona
Aitona is a Spanish town in the comarca of Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. Its population is 2.248 by 2001. Its main industry is the agriculture. The mayor is Pau Blanco (ERC).
Coordinates: 41°29′N 0°28′E / 41.483°N 0.467°E / 41.483; 0.467
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Albatàrrec
Albatàrrec is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia.
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Alcarràs
Alcarràs is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia.
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Alfarràs
Alfarràs is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Noguera Ribagorçana river, and receives irrigation water from the Aragon and Catalonia canal. The town is served by the N-230 road between Balaguer and Binéfar (comarca of La Llitera, Aragon).
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Alguaire
Alguaire is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia. A portion of its municipal limits are occupied by the Lleida-Alguaire Airport.
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Alicante
Alicante (Spanish: [aliˈkante]) or Alacant (Valencian: [alaˈkant]) is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the comarca of Alacantí, in the south of the Valencian Community. It is also a historic Mediterranean port. The population of the city of Alicante proper was 334,329, estimated as of 2011[update], ranking as the second-largest Valencian city. Including nearby municipalities, the Alicante conurbation had 462,281 residents. The population of the metropolitan area (including Elche and satellite towns) was 771,061 as of 2011[update] estimates, ranking as the eighth-largest metropolitan area of Spain.
The area around Alicante has been inhabited for over 7000 years, with the first tribes of hunter gatherers moving down gradually from Central Europe between 5000 and 3000 BC. Some of the earliest settlements were made on the slopes of Mount Benacantil. By 1000 BC Greek and Phoenician traders had begun to visit the eastern coast of Spain, establishing small trading ports and introducing the native Iberian tribes to the alphabet, iron and the pottery wheel. By the 3rd century BC, the rival armies of Carthage and Rome began to invade and fight for control of the Iberian Peninsula. The Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca established the fortified settlement of Akra Leuka (Greek: Ἄκρα Λευκά, meaning "White Mountain" or "White Point"), where Alicante stands today.
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Almacelles
Almacelles (Catalan pronunciation: [əɫməˈsɛʎəs], locally: [aɫmaˈseʎes]) is a town in the comarca of Segrià, in Catalonia, Spain. Population: 5.623 (2001).
Coordinates: 41°43′57″N 0°26′25″E / 41.7325°N 0.44028°E / 41.7325; 0.44028
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Almatret
Almatret is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain.
The town is standing on a hill overlooking the Ebre River. Almatret has lost population since year 1920 when it had 1545 inhabitants. The economy is based on the produce of the olive and almond trees growing on the dry slopes of this hilly area.
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Almenar
Almenar is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. The Battle of Almenar, one of the main battles of the War of the Spanish Succession, was fought in the hills close to this town on 27 July 1710.
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Almería
Almería (Spanish pronunciation: [almeˈɾi.a]) is a city in Andalusia, Spain, on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the capital of the province of the same name.
Tradition says that the name Almería stems from the Arabic المرية Al-Mariyya: "The Mirror", comparing it to "The Mirror of the Sea". Nowadays, the most accepted interpretation is that it derives from the Arabic term مرأى Al-Mara'ā, which means "The Watchtower".
The city was founded by Calipha Abd-ar-Rahman III of Cordova in 955 AD. It was to be a principal harbour in his extensive domain to strengthen his Mediterranean defences.
Its Moorish castle, the Alcazaba of Almería, is the second largest among the Muslim fortresses of Andalusia, after the Alhambra.
In this period, the port city of Almería reached its historical peak. After the fragmentation of the Caliphate of Córdoba, Almería continued to be ruled by powerful local Muslim Taifa emirs like Jairan, the first independent Emir of Almería and Cartagena, and Almotacin, the poet emir. Both Jairan and Almotacin were fearless warriors, but also sophisticated patrons of the arts. A silk industry, based upon plantings of mulberry trees in the hot, dry landscape of the province, supported Almería in the 11th century and made its strategic harbour an even more valuable asset.
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Aragon
Aragon (
/ˈærəɡɒn/ or /ˈærəɡən/), also known in Spanish and Aragonese as Aragón ([aɾaˈɣon]) and in Catalan as Aragó ([əɾəˈɣo] or [aɾaˈɣo]), is a modern autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon. Located in northeastern Spain, the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces (from north to south): Huesca, Zaragoza, and Teruel. Its capital is Zaragoza (also called Saragossa in English). The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a nationality of Spain.
Aragon's northern province of Huesca borders France and is positioned in the middle of the Pyrenees. Within Spain, the community is flanked by Catalonia on the east, Valencia and Castile–La Mancha to the south, and Castile and León, La Rioja, and Navarre to the west.
Covering an area of 47,719 km2 (18,424 sq mi), the region's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys, rich pasture lands and orchards, through to the arid steppe plains of the central lowlands. Aragon is home to many rivers—most notably, the river Ebro, Spain's largest river in volume, which runs west-east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza. It is also home to the Aneto, the highest mountain in the Pyrenees.
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Badajoz
Badajoz (Spanish pronunciation: [baðaˈxoθ], formerly written Badajos in English; Extremaduran: Baajós) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain, situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid–Lisbon railway. The population in 2007 was 145,257.
Badajoz is the see of a bishopric. It occupies a slight eminence, crowned by the ruins of a Moorish castle, and overlooking the Guadiana. A strong wall and bastions, with a broad moat and outworks, and forts on the surrounding heights, give the city an appearance of great strength. The river, which flows between the castle-hill and the powerfully armed fort of San Cristobal, is crossed by a magnificent granite bridge, originally built in 1460, repaired in 1597 and rebuilt in 1833. The whole aspect of Badajoz recalls its stormy history; even the cathedral, built in 1238, resembles a fortress, with massive walls.
The association football teams in the city are Club Deportivo Badajoz and Cerro Reyes. Both teams play in the Segunda División B, while UD Badajoz play in the minor leagues.
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Balaguer
Balaguer (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɫəˈɣe], locally: [balaˈɣe]) is the capital of the comarca of Noguera, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is located by the river Segre, a tributary to the Ebre.
Balaguer was conquered from the Moors by Ermengol VI of Urgell in 1106; he made it his new capital, and it remained so for subsequent counts of Urgell.
The town has a Gothic bridge, the "Pont de Sant Miquel," over the Segre river. This bridge was destroyed during the Spanish Civil War in the battle of "Cap de Pont" (bridgehead battle in 1938) and rebuilt after the war.
Another Gothic building is the Santa Maria Church, in the heights above the city, in line with a quite finely conserved wall dating to the 15th century AD.
The historic town is on the right bank of the Segre but, following the Spanish Civil War, construction began on a modern bridge, which initiated development of a modern extension of the town on the left bank.
General Franco's forces first entered Catalonia from Aragon in 1938 through Balaguer's bridgehead.
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Balàfia
Baláfia is a barrio of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2008 it had a population of 13, 151 people.
Coordinates: 41°37′40″N 0°37′25″E / 41.62778°N 0.62361°E / 41.62778; 0.62361
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Barcelona
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is the capital of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of 101.4 km2 (39 sq mi). The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of between 4,200,000 and 4,500,000 within an area of 803 km2 (310 sq mi), being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also Europe's largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the main component of an administrative area of Greater Barcelona, with a population of 3,218,071 in an area of 636 km² (density 5,060 hab/km²). It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 m/1,680 ft).
Founded as a Roman city, Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona became one of the most important cities of the Crown of Aragon. Besieged several times during its history, Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions, including the 1888 Exposición Universal de Barcelona, the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (Expo 1929), the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures, and the 2004 World Urban Forum.
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Battle of Ilerda
The Battle of Ilerda took place in June 49 BC between the forces of Julius Caesar and the Spanish army of Pompey the Great, led by his legates Lucius Afranius and Marcus Petreius. Unlike many other of the battles of the civil war, this was more a campaign of maneuvre than actual fighting.
After having driven the optimates from Italy, in March 49 BC, Caesar turned his attention to the Republican army in the Spanish provinces. On his way to Spain, Caesar was delayed when in April the port city of Massilia rebelled under Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. Leaving the siege of Massilia to be conducted by Gaius Trebonius and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Caesar moved on to Hispania Citerior to reinforce the three legions he had sent there as an advance guard under his legate Fabius.
When he arrived on the Spanish border, Caesar was able to seize the Pyrenees passes from the republicans and march into Spain. Near Ilerda, the Pompeians made camp on a hill and Caesar endeavoured to camp about 400 paces from the foot of the hill. While the Pompeians under Afranius threatened to give battle, Caesar decline, but had his first two lines of troops form up for battle anyway, while the third line was ordered to dig a wide ditch behind the lines, unseen. As night came, Caesar withdrew his army behind the ditch and spent the night under arms.
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Bilbao
Bilbao ( /bɪlˈbaʊ/, /bɪlˈbɑːoʊ/;Spanish: [bilˈβao]; Basque: Bilbo, IPA: [bilbo]) is a municipality and city in Spain, the capital of the province of Biscay in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. With a population of 353,187 as of 2010[update], it is the largest city of its autonomous community and the tenth largest in Spain. With roughly 1 million inhabitants, Bilbao lies within one of the most populous metropolitan areas in northern Spain. The Bilbao metropolitan area includes the comarca of Greater Bilbao (875,552) plus satellite towns, ranking the fifth largest in Spain.
Bilbao is situated in the north-central part of Spain, some 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of the Bay of Biscay, where the estuary of Bilbao is formed. Its main urban core is surrounded by two small mountain ranges with an average elevation of 400 metres (1,300 ft).
Since its foundation in the early 14th century, Bilbao was a commercial hub that enjoyed significant importance in the Green Spain, mainly thanks to its port activity based on the export of iron extracted from the Biscayan quarries. Throughout the nineteenth century and beginnings of the twentieth, Bilbao experienced heavy industrialization that made it the centre of the second industrialized region of Spain, behind Barcelona. This was joined by an extraordinary population explosion that prompted the anexation of several adjacent municipalities. Nowadays, Bilbao is a vigorous service city that is experiencing an ongoing social, economic, and aesthetic revitalization process, started by the symbolic Bilbao Guggenheim Museum, and continued by infrastructure investments, such as the airport terminal, the rapid transit system, the tram line, the Alhóndiga, or the currently under development Abandoibarra and Zorrozaurre renewal projects.
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Burgos
Burgos (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈburɣos], UK /ˈbʊərɡɒs/, US /ˈbʊərɡoʊs/) is a city in northern Spain, historic capital of Castile. It is situated on the River Arlanzón in northern Spain, just to the west of Logroño and southwest of Bilbao, at the edge of the central plateau. It has about 180,000 inhabitants in the proper city and another 20,000 in its suburbs. It is the capital of the province of Burgos, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The Burgos Laws or Leyes de Burgos first governing the behaviour of Spaniards towards natives of the Americas were promulgated there in 1512.
It has many historic landmarks, set apart specially by the Cathedral of Burgos (named World Heritage Site by the UNESCO in 1984), Las Huelgas Reales Monastery and the Cartuja of Miraflores. It preserves a large number of churches, palaces and other building from the medieval age. The city is surrounded by the Fuentes Blancas and the Paseo de la Isla parks.
The city forms the principal crossroad of northern Spain along the Camino de Santiago, which runs parallel to the River Arlanzón. It has a developed transportation system, forming the main communication node in northern Spain.
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Cafè del Teatre
Cafè del Teatre de l'Escorxador, or Cafè del Teatre for short, is a concert venue in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) opened as an addition to the Teatre Municipal de l'Escorxador. Its address is Carrer de Roca Labrador 4 bis. Among its recurrent events are Cafècurt, monthly short-film screening sessions, some activities of the Lleida Latin-American Film Festival, jam sessions and other live shows, especially jazz-oriented music and rock.
Coordinates: 41°36′45″N 0°36′58″E / 41.6125°N 0.61611°E / 41.6125; 0.61611
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CaixaForum Lleida
CaixaForum Lleida is a museum, cinema and art centre in Lleida (Catalonia, Spain). It's a private entity set up and funded by La Caixa, a savings bank based in Barcelona and part of the CaixaForum network of cultural centres. It's located in 3 Avinguda de Blondel and Avinguda de Madrid, in the building popularly known as Montepío after the bank's former name, or "the silver cup" (la tasseta de plata), on the site of a former cinema called Cine Vinyes. It used to be called Centre Cultural de la Fundació "la Caixa" until 2008, when the new naming convention was adopted.
One of the tallest in Lleida, this modernisme-inspired building was designed by the architect Francesc de Palau Morera Gatell. Originally it hosted a movie theatre, Cine Vinyes (the name honouring Ricardo Viñes), and was acquired by La Caixa in 1985. Facilities include exposition areas, an auditorium with 235 seats, and two additional halls with 50 seats each. Contemporary artwork is showcased at the foyer. .
The Lleida Latin-American Film Festival is hosted at CaixaForum. A two seasons-long independent film program takes place in the centre every year under the name of the film cycle Amb veu pròpia.
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Calatayud
Calatayud (2008 pop. 21,905) is a city and municipality in the province of Zaragoza in Aragón, Spain lying on the river Jalón, in the midst of the Sistema Ibérico mountain range. It is the second-largest city in the province after the capital, Zaragoza, and the largest town in Aragón other than the three provincial capitals. It is the seat of the comarca of Comunidad de Calatayud.
The city has the title "Muy noble, leal, siempre augusta y fidelísima ciudad de Calatayud". (Translated to mean: "The very noble, loyal, always august and most faithful city of Calatayud".) Calatayud became the first democratic municipality in 1977, because elections were held one day before all the rest of Spain, to prepare for a visit by King Juan Carlos I.
The town is located by the Carretera Nacional N-II highway, the Autovía A-2 and the N-234, among other local roads.
The AVE Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line line , as well as the RENFE line from Madrid to Barcelona stop in Calatayud.
The city was founded on the site of a Celt-Iberian settlement by the Romans with the name Augusta Bilbilis and was the birthplace of the poet Martial in 40 CE. The site of the ruins of Augusta Bilbilis are approximately four kilometers to the north of the modern city of Calatayud. The modern town was founded by the Moors around the Ayyub castle, circa 716 CE.
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Camp d'Esports
Camp d'Esports is a multi-use stadium in Lleida, Catalonia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Lleida Esportiu. The stadium holds 15,000 seats, and the dimensions for the football field are 102x68 meters.
The construction of the stadium begun in 1918 and finished in 1919. It underwent extensive renovations in 1993 and 1994.
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Catalonia
Catalonia (English /kætəˈloʊniə/, /kætəˈloʊnjə/; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈɫuɲə] or [kataˈluɲa]; Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]; Occitan: Catalonha [kataˈluɲɔ]) is an autonomous region of Spain in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula, with the official status of a "nationality". Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. Its capital and largest city is Barcelona which is the second largest Spanish city by population after Madrid. Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km² and has an official population of 7,535,251. Its borders essentially reflect those of the former Principality of Catalonia. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east (580 km coastline). The official languages are Catalan, Spanish and Aranese (Occitan).
The name Catalunya (Catalonia) began to be used in the late 11th century in reference to the group of counties that comprised the Marca Hispanica. The origin of the term is subject to diverse interpretations. A theory suggests that Catalunya derives from the term "Land of Castles", having evolved from the term castlà, the ruler of a castle (see castellan). This theory therefore suggests that the names Castile and Catalonia have the same etymology.
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Cervera
Cervera (Catalan pronunciation: [sərˈβɛɾə], locally: [seɾˈβeɾɛ]) is the capital of the comarca of Segarra, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. The title Comte de Cervera is a courtesy title, formerly part of the Crown of Aragon, that has been revived for Felipe, Prince of Asturias.
In the year 1026, three peasant families built the first settlement in the comarca of Segarra, as in those days it was uninhabited. Later on, the Barcelona counts committed ownership of those lands to those people. By this, the counts wanted to establish their power in the area, as the Segarra was at that time the border between Christian and Muslim territories, thereby establishing the first fortress (castrum Cervarie).
Once the Western border was established at Lleida at the year 1149, Cervera grew up into terraced houses on the other side of the broder. The inhabitants were freed from the feudal lord's abuses and with the royal privileges, the town gradually became established first as a Confraria (1182), then Consolat (municipal organ) (1202), and from 1267 up to the present, as a Paeria. In 1702, the town got the title of city from the king Philip V, for which the townspeople thanked the king. The king bestowed this title because in a small way during the war, and then more strongly after the war, the local people had demonstrated support for the king's politics.
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China
China (
i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cinca River (Spain)
The Cinca (Spanish: [ˈθiŋka]; Catalan: [ˈsiŋkə], locally: [ˈsiŋka]; Aragonese: A Cinca, IPA: [a ˈθiŋka]) is a river in Aragon, Spain. Its source is in the Circo de Pineta, in the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, in the Aragonese Pyrenees. It is a tributary to the Segre River, with its confluence at La Granja d'Escarp, not far from the point where the Segre flows into the Ebro River. The Cinca River flows through a rich agricultural region.
The Cinca is born in the area of Pineta and begins its descent between cascades and torrents, in the mountains of the Tres Sorores. It flows across the entire Pineta valley. In Bielsa it joins with the Barrosa, and somewhat later the Cinqueta. Upon reaching Aínsa it is joined on the right side by the Ara River, where the Mediano Reservoir is located. Immediately after the Mediano, after crossing the throat of the Entremón, it is again dammed at the El Grado Reservoir near El Grado. Just after this, it is joined on the left side by the Ésera River, the Cinca's most important tributary.
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Ciudad Real
Ciudad Real (Spanish pronunciation: [θjuˈðað reˈal]) is a city in Castile–La Mancha, Spain, with a population of c. 74,000. It is the capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It has a stop on the AVE high-speed rail line and has begun to grow as a long-distance commuter suburb of Madrid, located 115 miles (185 km) to the north. A high capacity airport (Ciudad Real Central Airport) has been built to serve the city, but closed in 2011 for lack of traffic. The beginning of the construction of a new Caesar's Palace Casino is planned.
During the Middle Ages, four kilometres of walls and one hundred and thirty towers protected a population made up of Christians, Muslims and Jews.
After the unification of the Iberian kingdoms under the Catholic Monarchs, Ciudad Real became the capital of the province of La Mancha in the 17th century (1691). This fact favoured its economic development which was spilled into important buildings. The city was founded by Alfonso X in the 13th century (1255) to fight with the Military Order of Calatrava.
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Colombia
Colombia (
/kəˈlʌmbiə/ kə-LUM-biə, or /kəˈlɒmbiə/ kə-LOM-biə), officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia [reˈpuβlika ðe koˈlombja]), is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia has maritime borders with Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Colombia is the 26th largest country by area and the fourth largest in South America after Brazil, Argentina and Peru. With over 46 million people, Colombia is the 27th largest country in the world by population and has the second largest population of any Spanish-speaking country in the world, after Mexico. Colombia is a middle power, with the fourth largest economy in Latin America, and the third largest in South America. Colombia is famous for the production of coffee, flowers, emeralds, coal, and oil. All of these products make up the primary sector of economy.
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Corbins
Corbins is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the confluence of the Segre and Noguera Ribagorçana rivers and is linked to Lleida by a local road running parallel to the Segre.
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Cáceres, Spain
Cáceres (pronounced: [ˈkaθeɾes]) is the capital of the same name province, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. As of 2009[update], its population was 91,131 inhabitants. The municipio has a land area of 1,750.33 km², and is the second largest in geographical extension in Spain.
There have been settlements near Cáceres since prehistoric times. Evidence of this can be found in the caves of Maltravieso and El Conejar. The city was founded by the Romans in 25 BC.
The old town (Ciudad Monumental) still has its ancient walls; this part of town is also well known for its multitude of storks' nests. The walls contain a medieval town setting with no outward signs of modernity, which is why many films have been shot there. The Universidad de Extremadura, and two astronomical observatories are situated in Cáceres. The city is also a seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Coria-Cáceres.
Cáceres was declared a World Heritage City by UNESCO in 1986 because of the city's blend of Roman, Moorish, Northern Gothic and Italian Renaissance architecture. Thirty towers from the Islamic period still stand in Cáceres, of which the Torre del Bujaco is the most famous.
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Cádiz
Cadiz (Spanish: Cádiz, pronounced: [ˈkaðiθ], locally: [ˈkaðis] (
listen) or [ˈka.i]; Phoenician: גדר, Gader; Arabic: قَادِس ) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the homonymous province, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia.
Cadiz, the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the Iberian Peninsula and possibly all southwestern Europe, has been a principal home port of the Spanish Navy since the accession of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century. The city is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network. It is also the site of the University of Cadiz.
Despite its unique site — on a narrow slice of land surrounded by the sea — Cadiz is, in most respects, a typically Andalusian city with a wealth of attractive vistas and well-preserved historical landmarks. The older part of Cadiz, within the remnants of the city walls, is commonly referred to as the Old Town (in Spanish, Casco Antiguo). It is characterized by the antiquity of its various quarters (barrios), among them El Pópulo, La Viña, and Santa María, which present a marked contrast to the newer areas of town. While the Old City's street plan consists of narrow winding alleys connecting large plazas, newer areas of Cadiz typically have wide avenues and more modern buildings. In addition, the city is dotted by numerous parks where exotic plants flourish, including giant trees supposedly brought to Spain by Columbus from the New World.
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Diocese of Lleida
The Diocese of Lleida (Latin, Ilerdensis) is located in north-eastern Spain, in the province of Lleida, part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. The diocese forms part of the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona, and is thus suffragan to the Archdiocese of Tarragona.
The diocese of Lleida was created in the 3rd century. After the Moorish conquest of Lleida in 716 the episcopal see was moved to Roda (until 1101) and then to Barbastro (1101-1149). The city of Lleida was conquered from the Moors by the Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1149, and the see was again transferred to its original seat. The Bishop's Palace is located in Rambla d'Aragó.
Lleida is one of the most populous cities in Catalonia, built on the right bank of the River Segre, about 100 miles from Barcelona. The town is oriental in appearance, and its streets are narrow and crooked. The population in 1900 was 23,683. The old Byzantine-Gothic Cathedral, of which the ruins are to be seen on the citadel, dates from 1203. During the Middle Ages the University of Lleida was famous; in 1717 it was suppressed, and united with Cervera.
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Eix Transversal
C-25 or Eix Transversal (English: Transversal Arterial Road; lit. Transversal Axis) is a 280 km long primary highway in Catalonia, Spain. It crosses the Catalan Transversal Range mountaineous region, communicating the northern end of the Catalan Coastal Depression with the Catalan Central Depression.
According to the current coding for highways managed by the Generalitat de Catalunya, the first number C-25 indicates that is mainly a west-eastbound highway, and the second number C-25 indicates that is the fifth southernmost. The road begins at the intersection with Autovía A-2, near Cervera (comarca of Segarra), and finishes at Cassà de la Selva (comarca of Gironès), with a total length of 141 km.
The last section of the C-25 to be constructed was finished on December 1997. The main aims of the construction of this highway were:
Despite these aims, the highway was built as a single-lane road and not as a freeway, and soon it was proved to become insufficient for the traffic supported .
On 2007 the Generalitat de Catalunya approved the upgrading of the highway to a freeway, which started on 2008 and is expected to be completed on 2011 .
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Els Alamús
Els Alamús is a Spanish town situated in the comarca (county) of Segrià in Lleida, Catalonia. Its population is 678 inhab. The mayor is Josep Maria Beà (PSC).
Coordinates: 41°37′04″N 0°44′26″E / 41.61778°N 0.74056°E / 41.61778; 0.74056
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Ferrara
Ferrara listen (help·info) is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north. The town has broad streets and numerous palaces dating from the 14th century and 15th century, when it hosted the court of the House of Este. For its beauty and cultural importance it has been qualified by UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Modern times have brought a renewal of industrial activity. Ferrara is on the main rail line from Bologna to Padua and Venice, and has branches to Ravenna, Poggio Rusco (for Suzzara) and Codigoro. In 2006, due to its important historical significance, Ferrara became the headquarters of the Italian Hermitage Museum. It is the fifth city in the world to have been linked with the Russian museum. From this union was born the Hermitage-Italy Foundation.
The origin of Ferrara is uncertain, it was probably settled by the inhabitants of the lagoons at the mouth of Po river; there are two early centers of settlement, one round the cathedral, the other, the castrum bizantino, being the San Pietro district, on the opposite shore, where the Primaro empties into the Volano channel. Ferrara appears first in a document of the Lombard king Desiderius of 753 AD, as a city forming part of the Exarchate of Ravenna. Desiderius pledged a Lombard ducatus ferrariae ("Duchy of Ferrara") in 757 to Pope Stephen II. After 984 it was a fief of Tedaldo, count of Modena and Canossa, nephew of the emperor Otto I. It afterwards made itself independent, and in 1101 was taken by siege by the countess Matilda. At this time it was mainly dominated by several great families, among them the prominent Adelardi (or Aleardi) family.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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French Open
The French Open, often referred to as Roland Garros (French: Les internationaux de France de Roland-Garros or Tournoi de Roland-Garros, IPA: [ʁɔlɑ̃ ɡaʁɔs]), named after the famous French aviator Roland Garros, is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June in Paris, France, at the Stade Roland Garros. It is the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world and the second of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments – the other three are the Australian Open, US Open and Wimbledon. Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam held on clay and ends the spring clay court season.
It is one of the largest events in tennis, and the most watched French event in the world. Because of the slow playing surface and the five-set men's singles matches without a tiebreak in the final set, the event is widely considered to be the most physically demanding tennis tournament in the world.
Currently, the 2012 French Open is being conducted from May 27 to June 10, 2012 in Paris.
Officially named in French Les internationaux de France de Roland-Garros or Tournoi de Roland-Garros (the "French Internationals of Roland Garros" or "Roland Garros Tournament" in English), the tournament is often referred to in English as the "French Open" and alternatively as "Roland Garros", which is the designation used by the tournament itself in all languages, including English. In French, a hyphen is inserted after death, hence the French spelling "Roland-Garros".
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Girona
Girona (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒiˈɾonə]; Spanish: Gerona [xeˈɾona]) is a city in the northeast of Catalonia, Spain at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Güell, with an official population of 96,722 in January 2011. It is the capital of the province of the same name and of the comarca of the Gironès. Lies 99 km (62 mi) on north-east from Barcelona.
The first historical inhabitants in the region were Iberians; Girona is the ancient Gerunda, a city of the Ausetani. Later, the Romans built a citadel there, which was given the name of Gerunda. The Visigoths ruled in Girona until it was conquered by the Moors. Finally, Charlemagne reconquered it in 785 and made it one of the fourteen original countships of Catalonia. Thus it was wrested temporarily from the Moors, who were driven out finally in 1015. Wilfred the Hairy incorporated Girona to the countship of Barcelona in 878. Alfonso I of Aragón declared Girona to be a city in the 11th century. The ancient countship later became a duchy (1351) when King Peter III of Aragon gave the title of Duke to his first-born son, John. In 1414, King Ferdinand I in turn gave the title of Prince of Girona to his first-born son, Alfonso. The title is currently carried by Prince Felipe, Prince of Asturias, the first since the 16th century to do so.
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Granada
Granada (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡɾaˈnaða]) is a city and the capital of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalucia, Spain. Granada is located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains, at the confluence of three rivers, the Beiro, the Darro and the Genil. It sits at an elevation of 738 metres above sea level, yet is only one hour from the Mediterranean coast, the Costa Tropical. Nearby is the Sierra Nevada Ski Station, where the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 1996 were held.
In the 2005 national census, the population of the city of Granada proper was 236,982, and the population of the entire urban area was estimated to be 472,638, ranking as the 13th-largest urban area of Spain. About 3.3% of the population did not hold Spanish citizenship, the largest number of these people (31%) coming from South America. Its nearest airport is Federico García Lorca Airport Granada-Jaén Airport.
The Alhambra, a Moorish citadel and palace, is in Granada. It is the most renowned building of the Andalusian Islamic historical legacy with its many cultural attractions that make Granada a popular destination among the touristic cities of Spain. The Almohad influence on architecture is preserved in the area of the city called the Albaicín with its fine examples of Moorish and Morisco construction. Granada is also well-known within Spain for the prestigious University of Granada which has about 80,000 students spread over five different campuses in the city. The pomegranate (in Spanish, granada) is the heraldic device of Granada.
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Guadalajara, Spain
Guadalajara (Spanish pronunciation: [ɡwaðalaˈxaɾa]) is a city and municipality in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, Spain, and in the natural region of La Alcarria. It is the capital of the province of Guadalajara. It is located roughly 60 km northeast of Madrid on the Henares River, and has a population of 83,789 (2010). Not to be confused with Guadalajara of Mexico.
A Roman town called Arriaca, possibly founded by a pre-Roman culture, is known to have been located in that region. There is however no archeological proof of its existence, only references in texts such as the Ruta Antonina, which describe it as being in the hands of the Carpetani when encountered by the Romans. The city, as Caracca, was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. The city was on the high road from Emerita (modern Mérida) to Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza), 22 M. P. northeast of Complutum (modern Alcalá de Henares).
The town of Guadalajara was founded by the Andalusians in the 8th century. They named it Wadi-al-Hejara (وادي الحجارة), meaning "Valley of Stones"; in theory the literal translation of the Iberian name (Arriaca), meaning "Stony River".
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Hefei
Hefei (Chinese: 合肥, p Héféi, w Ho-fei) is the capital and largest city of Anhui Province in Eastern China. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, and cultural centre of Anhui. Located in the central portion of the province, it borders Huainan to the north, Chuzhou to the northeast, Chaohu to the southeast and Lu'an to the west.
Hefei has an area of 7,048 km² and, as of 2010 Census, a population of 5,702,466 inhabitants. Its built-up area ("metro") is home to 3,352,076 inhabitants encompassing all urban districts.
From the 8th to the 6th century BC, Hefei was the site of many small states, later a part of the Chu kingdom. Many archaeological finds dating from this period have been made. The name Hefei was first given to the county set up in the area under the Han dynasty in the 2nd century BC. During the 4th to the 6th century AD, this crucial border region between northern and southern states was much fought over; its name and administrative status were consequently often changed. During the Sui (581–618) and Tang (618–907) periods, it became the seat of Lu prefecture — a title it kept until the 15th century, when it became a superior prefecture named Luzhou.
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Huelva
Huelva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwelβa]) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2010 census, the city has a population of 149,410 inhabitants. The city has been inhabited since 3000 BC. The town is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
A maritime town between the rivers Anas (modern Guadiana) and Baetis (modern Guadalquivir), it was seated on the estuary of the River Luxia (modern Odiel), and on the road from the mouth of the Anas to Augusta Emerita (modern Mérida).
The city may be the site of Tartessus; by the Phoenicians it was called Onoba. The Greeks kept the name and rendered it Ὄνοβα. It was in the hands of the Turdetani at the time of conquest by Rome, and before the conquest it issued silver coins with Iberian legends. It was called both Onoba Aestuaria or Onuba (used on coinage) during Roman times, or, simply, Onoba. The city was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. The Arabs then called it Walbah and ruled between 712-1250. It suffered substantial damage in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
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Huesca
Huesca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈweska]; Aragonese: Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, almost a quarter of the total population of the province. That makes it one of the least populated provincial capitals in Spain.
Huesca celebrates its main festivities Fiestas de San Lorenzo from 9 to 15 August.
Huesca's pre-Roman Iberian name was Bolskan. It was the capital of the Ilergetes, in the north of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the road from Tarraco (modern Tarragona) and Ilerda (modern Lleida) to Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza) and fell under Caesaraugusta's jurisdiction. Pliny alone places the Oscenses in Vescitania, a district mentioned nowhere else The city's name was rendered as Osca, and was a Roman colony, Urbs Victrix Osca, during the Roman Empire. Under the impetus of Quintus Sertorius, the renegade Roman and Iberian hero who made Osca his base, the city minted its own coinage and was the site of a prestigious school founded by Sertorius to educate young Iberians in Latin and Romanitas in general. We learn from Plutarch that it was a large town, and the place where Sertorius died. It is probably the town called Ileoscan (Ἰλεόσκαν) by Strabo, in an apparently corrupt passage It seems to have possessed silver mines, unless the argentum Oscense here mentioned merely refers to the minted silver of the town.
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Instituts-Templers
Instituts-Templers is a district of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It's made up of different areas between La Mariola, Universitat and the river Segre, mostly working-class, some middle class. "Templers-Escorxador" is located within the portion of medieval Lleida which was once owned by the Knights Templar, hence the name. "Instituts" refers to the oldest public secondary institutes or high-schools of the 20th century town, that dominate the area next to Gardeny. It has undergone serious urban regeneration during the 1990s and especially the 2000s. It had over 15000 inhabitants in 2009. The Battle of Ilerda took place in this area of Roman-era Lleida, then called Ilerda.
Landmarks include the Templar Gardeny Castle on Gardeny Hill, the Teatre Municipal de l'Escorxador complex on carrer de Lluís Companys, including the Cafè del Teatre and the Aula Municipal del Teatre, next to La Serreta hill, the Peasants Monument, the Acadèmia Mariana and the future Climate Change Museum, the first of its kind in Spain.
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Jaén, Spain
Jaén (Spanish: [xaˈen]) is a city in south-central Spain. The name is derived from the Arabic word jayyan, (crossroads of caravans). It is the capital of the province of Jaén. It is located in the autonomous community of Andalusia. The inhabitants of the city are known as Jiennenses. Its population is 117,540 (2006), about one-sixth of the population of the province. In the last years Jaén has had a great increase in cultural tourism. Jaén is also known as the World Capital of Olive Oil, because it is the biggest producer of this liquid gold (as the locals refer to it). The layout of Jaén is determined by its position in the hills of the Santa Catalina mountains, with steep, narrow streets, in the historical central city district. The city of Jaén is the administrative and industrial centre for the province. Industrial establishments in the city include chemical works, tanneries, distilleries, cookies factories and textile factories. On April 1, 1937, the city was bombed by the Nazis.
The motto of the city is: (Spanish) "Muy Noble y muy Leal Ciudad de Jaén, Guarda y Defendimiento de los Reinos de Castilla", (English) "Very Noble and very Loyal City of Jaen, Guard and Defense of the Kingdoms of Castile". This title was given by king Henry II of Castile to the city of Jaen, due to the privileges that the city had, and to the role that the city was playing in the defense of the kingdom of Castile against the Moors.
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La Granja d'Escarp
La Granja d'Escarp is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain.
The town is located at the confluence of the Segre and Cinca rivers.
The monastery of La Granja d'Escarp was founded by Cistercian monks in 1213. La Granja d'Escarp has lost some population since year 1920 when it reached a peak of 1,366 inhabitants. The economy is based on the produce of fruit trees growing in irrigated fields. The area enjoyed some prosperity in the past owing to nearby coal mines.
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La Paeria
The Palace of La Paeria is the name the city hall of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain, which currently houses the city council. The see is located on Plaça de la Paeria. Lleida's mayor is called Paer en cap, a term also used for Cervera's mayor. The term paer derives from Latin paciarum, meaning "man of peace". This title was given to Lleida's mayor as a special privilege by king James I The Conqueror in 1264.
Lleida's Paeria is an example of Catalan Gothic. The façade includes all of the usual elements found in the works of this medieval architectural school
Coordinates: 41°36′53″N 0°37′36″E / 41.6147°N 0.626672°E / 41.6147; 0.626672
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La Portella
La Portella is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Noguera Ribagorçana river. A local road links the municipality with Lleida.
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Lerida, Tolima
Lérida is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 20,153 as of the 1993 census.
Coordinates: 4°54′N 74°55′W / 4.9°N 74.917°W / 4.9; -74.917
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León, Spain
León (Leonese:Llión) is the capital of the province of León in the autonomous community of Castile and León, situated in the northwest of Spain. Its city population of 136,985 (2006) makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for more than one quarter of the province's population. Including the metropolitan area, the population is calculated at 337,740 (2009).
Founded as the Roman military encampment of the Legio VI Victrix around 29 B.C., its standing as an encampment city was consolidated with the definitive settlement of the Legio VII Gemina from 74 A.D. Following its partial depopulation due to the Ummayad conquest of the peninsula, León received a fresh impulse as part of the Kingdom of Asturias. 910 saw the beginning of one its most prominent historical periods, when it became the capital of the Kingdom of León, which took active part in the Reconquista against the Moors, and came to be one of the fundamental kingdoms of medieval Spain. In 1188, the city hosted the first Parliament in European history under the reign of Alfonso IX, due to which it was named in 2010, by the professor John Keane, the King of Spain and the Junta of Castile and León, as the cradle of Parliamentarism. The city's prominence began to decline in the early Middle Ages, partly due to the loss of independence after the union of the Leonese kingdom to the Crown of Castile, consolidated in 1301.
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Lleida
Lleida (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎɛjðə], locally: [ˈʎejðɛ]; Spanish: Lérida [ˈleɾiða]) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain, capital city of the province of Lleida.
Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. The metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca, as well as the largest city in the province. It had 137,387 inhabitants as of 2010[update], including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs.
Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia, with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period. Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people, the Ilergetes. The town became a municipality, named Ilerda, under the reign of Augustus. It was reconquered in 1149, after being many centuries under the rule of the Moors, who had conquered the town in the 8th century. In 1297, the University of Lleida was founded, becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain. During the following centuries, the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century. Since then, the city has been in a constant urban, commercial and demographic growth.
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Lleida (province)
Lleida (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎɛjðə], locally: [ˈʎejðɛ]; Spanish: Lérida) is a province of north-eastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona, Zaragoza and Huesca and the countries of France and Andorra.
Of the population of 414,015 (2007), about 30% live in the capital, Lleida. Some other towns in Lleida province are La Seu d'Urgell (see of the archbishop who is the coprince to Andorra), Mollerussa, Cervera, Tàrrega, Balaguer. There are 231 municipalities in Lleida. (See List of municipalities in Lleida).
In this province there is the Aran Valley, a special comarca with more autonomy and which has Aranese, a variety of Occitan, as its official language.
The Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park is located in the province.
The province enjoys a thriving fruit-growing industry, including pears and peaches.
It has a characteristic Catalan dialect popularly known as lleidatà, with lo, los used as the masculine definite article instead of el, els and also its pronunciation in a large number of words. One example of the pronunciation is the a at the end of the word that is pronounced like an e. The local dialect, properly known as North-Western Catalan is part of the Western Catalan block, and as such, shares some features with Valencian (whose dialects are also part of that group).
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Logroño
Logroño is a city in northern Spain, on the Ebro River. It is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja, formerly known as La Rioja Province.
The population of Logroño in 2008 was 153,736 and a metropolitan population of nearly 197,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of the trade in Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and also produces wood, metal, and textile products.
Logroño is located in the northern region of La Rioja, on the river Ebro, 384 m (1,259.84 ft) above sea level. The Camino de Santiago passes through the city. The geographical coordinates of the city are: 42° 27´ N, 2° 29´ W.
The city lies 152 kilometres (94 mi) from Bilbao, 172 kilometres (107 mi) from Zaragoza, 336 kilometres (209 mi) from Madrid and 468 kilometres (291 mi) from Barcelona.
The city's weather is moderated by its location in the valley of the river Ebro, and its weather conditions are typical of the continental Mediterranean climate. The average annual temperature is 13.5 °C (56 °F). The temperature in winter can drop to about five degrees below zero, while in summer it can exceed thirty-five degrees. The average annual precipitation is 400 mm (15.75 in). The winds that affect the city are as follows: the northerly Cierzo, the southerly Ábrego, the easterly Solano, and the westerly Castellano. Intermediate winds are the northeasterly Navarrico, the northwesterly Regañón, the southwesterly Burgalés and the southeasterly Soriano.
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Madrid
Madrid (English /məˈdrɪd/, Spanish: [ma'ðrid]) is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan area is the third largest in the European Union after London and Paris. The city spans a total of 604.3 km2 (233.3 sq mi).
The city is located on the Manzanares river in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid (which comprises the city of Madrid, its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages); this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha. As the capital city of Spain, seat of government, and residence of the Spanish monarch, Madrid is also the political centre of Spain. The current mayor is Ana Botella from the People's Party (PP).
Madrid urban agglomeration has the 3rd largest GDP in the European Union and its influences in politics, education, entertainment, environment, media, fashion, science, culture, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. Due to its economic output, high standard of living, and market size, Madrid is considered the major financial centre of Southern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula; it hosts the head offices of the vast majority of the major Spanish companies, such as Telefónica, Iberia or Repsol. Madrid is the most touristic city of Spain, the fourth-most touristic of the continent, and is the 10th most livable city in the world according to Monocle magazine, in its 2010 index. Madrid also ranks among the 12 greenest European cities in 2010. Madrid is currently a Candidate City for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
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Murcia
Murcia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈmurθja]), a major city in south-eastern Spain, is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia, and the seventh largest city in the country, with a population of 442,573 inhabitants in 2009 (about one third of the total population of the Region). The population of the metropolitan area was 689,591 in 2010. It is located on the Segura River, in the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, noted by a mild climate with hot summers, tepid winters and scarce precipitation.
Murcia was founded by the emir of Cordoba Abd ar-Rahman II in 825 AD with the name Mursiya مورسيا and is now mainly a services city and a university town. Highlights for visitors include the Cathedral of Murcia and a number of baroque buildings, renowned local cuisine, Holy Week processions, works of art by the famous Murcia sculptor Francisco Salzillo, and the Fiestas de Primavera (Spring Festival).
The city, as the capital of the comarca Huerta de Murcia is called Europe’s orchard due to its long agricultural tradition and as a fruits, vegetables and flowers producer and exporter.
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Ourense
Ourense (Galician pronunciation: [owˈɾɛnse], Spanish: Orense) is a city in northwestern Spain, the capital of the province of the same name in Galicia. Its population of 108,674 (2010) accounts for 30% of the population of the province and makes it the third largest city of Galicia.
The population of the city in 2010 was 108,673 inhabitants, which makes the city the third largest of Galicia.
In 2010 there were 5,943 foreigners living in the city, representing a 5.46% of the total population. The main nationalities are Portuguese (18%), Colombians (12%) and Brazilians (11%).
By language, according to 2008 data, 19% of the population speak always in Galician, 25% speak always in Spanish and the rest use both interchangeably.
The origin of the town can be traced to the Romans and the presence of hot springs called the Burgas. These can still be seen today. There was also the need to fortify the place to protect one of the easiest ways to cross the Miño River. After the Romans, Ourense was part of the Suebi (Suevi) kingdom during most of the 5th, 6th, and 7th centuries and was destroyed by the Moors in 716. It was later rebuilt by Alfonso III of Asturias about 877. The Norse invasions as well as attacks from the Arab warlord Al-Mansur once more laid the city to waste. It was only under Sancho II and his sister Doña Elvira that the city was resettled during 11th century. The definitive urban impulse did not arrive until the 12th century when Ourense became an important center of services. In the 19th century, buildings started to appear in a irresponsible way in Ourense. Architects built them in different heights and lengths in a same street. This made the streets of the city be narrow, unorganized and quite ugly. Recently the city has made many projects to fix the damage. New parks, bridges, fountains, rotaries... have been built to make the city a bit more beautiful and attractive.
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Palma, Majorca
Palma ( /ˈpɑːlmə/, Catalan: [ˈpaɫmə], Spanish: [ˈpalma]), in full Palma de Mallorca, is the major city and port on the island of Majorca (Mallorca) and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. The names Ciutat de Mallorca (City of Majorca) and Ciutat (City) were used before the War of the Spanish Succession and are still used by people in Majorca. However, the official name was Mallorca, the same as the island. It is situated on the south coast of the island on the Bay of Palma. As of the 2009 census, the population of the city of Palma proper was 401,270, and the population of the entire urban area was 517,285, ranking as the twelfth largest urban area of Spain. Almost half of the total population of Majorca live in Palma. The Cabrera Archipelago, though widely separated from Palma proper, is administratively considered part of the municipality. Its airport, Son Sant Joan, serves over 22 million passengers each year. The Marivent Palace was offered by the city to the then Prince Juan Carlos I of Spain. The royals have since spent their summer holidays in Palma.
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Pamplona
Pamplona (Spanish: [pamˈplona]) or Iruña (Basque: [iɾuɲa], alternative spelling: Iruñea, IPA: [iɾuɲea]) is the historical capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former Kingdom of Navarre.
The city is famous worldwide for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls is one of the main attractions. This festival was brought to literary renown with the 1926 publication of Ernest Hemingway's novel, The Sun Also Rises.
After the 2011 municipal elections, there are 27 councillors in Pamplona Municipality: eleven of Navarrese People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Navarro), seven of Nafarroa Bai, three of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, three of Bildu, two of People's Party, and one of Izquierda-Ezkerra.
Pamplona is located in the middle of Navarre in a rounded valley, known as the Basin of Pamplona, that links the mountainous North with the Ebro valley. It is 92 kilometres from the city of San Sebastián, 117 kilometres from Bilbao, 735 kilometres from Paris and 407 kilometres from Madrid. The climate and landscape of the basin is a transition between those two main Navarrese geographical regions. Its central position at crossroads has served as a commercial link between those very different natural parts of Navarre.
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Pavelló Barris Nord
Pavelló Barris Nord (Catalan for Northern Neighborhood Pavilion) is an arena in Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. It is primarily used for basketball games and the home arena of CE Lleida Bàsquet. Its construction began on June 1, 2001 and was opened on October 4, 2001. From an initial capacity of 5,500 people, after being remodelled in summer of 2003, its new capacity is of 6,100 seats.
The pavilion is located in Barris Nord, an area of Lleida made out of parts of the neighborhoods of Pardinyes, Secà de Sant Pere and Balàfia, in the intersection of Rambla de Pardinyes with Avinguda de Prat de la Riba.
When CE Lleida Bàsquet reached the ACB league, the team left the old Pavilion "Onze de Setembre" as the former did not fulfill the minimum requirements of capacity marked by league. The construction of a new pavilion was entrusted to a team of forty companies of Lleida, which achieved every a milestone: finishing it before the first day of the league, that is, 125 days afterwards.
The venue has hosted many musical events, including concerts by Fito & Fitipaldis, Miguel Bosé or El Canto del Loco, among others.
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Pontevedra
Pontevedra (Galician: [ˌpɔnteˈβɛ.ðɾa], Spanish: [ponteˈβeðɾa]) is a city in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. It is the capital of both the comarca (county) and province of Pontevedra, in Galicia (Spain). It is also the capital of its own municipality which is, in fact, often considered as an extension of the actual city. Pontevedra is the provincial district court seat.
The name of the city is eminently a Latin composite of pons, pontis (bridge) and veter, vetera, veterum (old, long established). In Galicia, Latin pons, a masculine word, became feminine, hence Vulgar Latin Ponte Vetera, which became by the 13th century the modern Galician language toponymy Pontevedra, "the old bridge", in reference to an old Roman bridge across the Lérez river.
The municipality of Pontevedra is located between 42°20' and 42°30' north and 8°33' and 8°41' west, in the southwestern Galician coast, an area popularly known as Rias Baixas. The municipality covers 118.3 km² and is about 20 km wide from north to south.
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Province of Lleida
Lleida (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎɛjðə], locally: [ˈʎejðɛ]; Spanish: Lérida) is a province of north-eastern Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Catalonia. It is bordered by the provinces of Girona, Barcelona, Tarragona, Zaragoza and Huesca and the countries of France and Andorra.
Of the population of 414,015 (2007), about 30% live in the capital, Lleida. Some other towns in Lleida province are La Seu d'Urgell (see of the archbishop who is the coprince to Andorra), Mollerussa, Cervera, Tàrrega, Balaguer. There are 231 municipalities in Lleida. (See List of municipalities in Lleida).
In this province there is the Aran Valley, a special comarca with more autonomy and which has Aranese, a variety of Occitan, as its official language.
The Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park is located in the province.
The province enjoys a thriving fruit-growing industry, including pears and peaches.
It has a characteristic Catalan dialect popularly known as lleidatà, with lo, los used as the masculine definite article instead of el, els and also its pronunciation in a large number of words. One example of the pronunciation is the a at the end of the word that is pronounced like an e. The local dialect, properly known as North-Western Catalan is part of the Western Catalan block, and as such, shares some features with Valencian (whose dialects are also part of that group).
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Raimat
Raimat (older spelling Raïmat) is a locality in the municipality of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain), 14 km away from the main town. Along with Sucs, its official status is that of a decentralised municipal entity, as some semi-urban wards attached to a larger municipality are known in Catalonia. It had 489 inhabitants in the 2008 census. It's well-known for its wine industry.
After the Reapers' War Raimat remained an uninhabited place, with only the ruins of a medieval castle of Arabic origin standing, until in 1914 the landowner Manuel Raventós acquired 3,200 hectares (7,900 acres) in the area, including the castle, and turned them into what nowadays is still the biggest vine culture in the hands of a single owner in the whole of Europe. The winery's name is also Raimat. In 1983 the Raimat-produced wine was granted a Denominación de Origen, or Protected Geographical Status, under the name Costers del Segre.
Coordinates: 41°40′42″N 0°28′45″E / 41.67833°N 0.47917°E / 41.67833; 0.47917
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Rambla d'Aragó
Rambla d'Aragó (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈrambɫə ðəɾəˈɣo], locally: [ˈrambla ðaɾaˈɣo]) is an important thoroughfare in the Universitat district of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. Originally a rambla with a pedestrianised area complete with a marketplace and a service of trams, it underwent several changes and is nowadays a regular street crossed by cars. It originates at Plaça de Cervantes and ends in Avinguda Catalunya. It hosts the former Maternity home, now Lleida Public Library, the art-nouveau buildings Cases Balasch, the Lleida Bishopric Palace, the Museu de Lleida Diocesà i Comarcal, as well as the main University of Lleida campus, built in 19th-century neo-gothic style..
Coordinates: 41°36′50″N 0°37′12″E / 41.61389°N 0.62°E / 41.61389; 0.62
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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.
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Salamanca
Salamanca is a city in western Spain, in the community of Castile and León. Because it is known for its beautiful buildings and urban environment, the Old City was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. It is the most important university city in Spain and supplies 16% of Spain's market for the teaching of the Spanish language. Salamanca attracts thousands of international students, generating a diverse, multicultural environment.
It is situated approximately 200 km (120 mi) west of Madrid and 80 km (50 mi) east of the Portuguese border. The University of Salamanca, which was founded in 1218, is the oldest university in Spain and the third oldest western university. With its 30,000 students, the university is, together with tourism, the economic engine of the city.
Salamanca is the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community of Castile and León (Castilla y León). With a metropolitan population around 192,000 it is the second most populated urban area in Castile and León, after Valladolid (369,000), and closely followed by Leon (187,000) and Burgos (176,000).
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San Sebastián
San Sebastián (Spanish: [san seβasˈtjan]) or Donostia (Basque: [doˈnos̺tia]) is a city and municipality located in the north of Spain, on the coast of the Bay of Biscay and 20 km away from the French border. The city is the capital of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. The municipality’s population is 186,122 (2011), and its metropolitan area reaches 413,617 (2010). Locals call themselves donostiarras, in Spanish, and donostiarrak, in Basque.
The main economic activities are commerce and tourism, being one of the most famous tourism destinations in Spain. Despite the city’s small size, international events such as the San Sebastián International Film Festival have given it an international dimension. San Sebastián, along with Wrocław, Poland, will be the European Capital of Culture in 2016.
In spite of the apparent difference, both the Basque form Donostia and the Spanish form San Sebastián share the same meaning of Saint Sebastian. The dona/dono/doni element in Basque place-names signifies "saint" and is derived from Latin domine; the second part of Donosti(a) contains a shortened form of the saint's name.
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Segovia
Segovia is a city in Spain, the capital of Segovia Province in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is situated north of Madrid, 30 minutes by high speed train. The municipality counts some 55,500 inhabitants.
The name of Segovia is of Celtiberian origin. The first inhabitants named the city Segobriga." This name comes from two terms of celtiberian origin, language of the celtic Indo-European branch. Comes from the term Sego, which means «victory» (prefix also present in other cities such as Segeda and Segontia) and the suffix -briga, which would mean «city» or «strength». So it might be translated as "City of the victory" or "Victorious city".
Under the Romans and Arabs, the city was called Segovia (Σεγουβία, Ptolomeo ii. 6. § 56) and Šiqūbiyyah (Arabic شقوبية) respectively.
Segovia is located within the Iberian Peninsula, near Valladolid and the Spanish capital, Madrid.
The province of Segovia is one of nine cities that make up the Autonomous Community of Castile and León. It is neighbored by Burgos and Valladolid to the north, Ávila to the west, Madrid and Guadalajara to the south and Soria to the east. The altitude of the province varies from 750 meters in the extreme northwest to a maximum of 2,430 meters at Peñalara peak.
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Seròs
Seròs (Catalan pronunciation: [səˈɾɔs], locally: [seˈɾɔs]) is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the right bank of the Segre river in the south-west of the comarca. The Aragon and Catalonia canal provides irrigation water for growing fruit. The municipality is linked to the rest of the comarca and to Fraga (comarca of Baix Cinca, Aragon) by the C-242 road.
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Seville
Seville ( /səˈvɪl/; Spanish: Sevilla, IPA: [seˈβiʎa], locally: [seˈβiʝa]; see also different names) is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville, Spain. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level. The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos (feminine form: sevillanas) or hispalenses, following the Roman name of the city, Hispalis.
Seville is the fourth largest city of Spain with a municipal population of about 703 thousand as of 2011, and a metropolitan population (including satellite towns) of about 1.5 million, making it the 31st most populous municipality in the European Union. Its old town is the largest in Spain (covering almost four square kilometers), and is one of the three largest in Europe along with Venice and Genoa. The Seville harbor, located about 80 km from the Atlantic Ocean, is the only river port in Spain.
The University of Seville was founded in 1505. Recently ranked the third university in Spain (and 190th in the world), it currently has over 50,000 students.[citation needed]
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Sudanell
Sudanell is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia. It is located by the junction of two rivers: the Segre and the Set. Agriculture is Sudanell's principal economic activity (peaches, apples, pears, corn). Two canals: Canal de Seròs and Acèquia de Torres irrigate the area.
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Talarn Dam
Talarn Dam is a concrete gravity dam on the Noguera Pallaresa River, a tributary of the Ebro River, north of Tremp near Lleida in Catalonia, Spain. The dam is 206 meters long and 82 meters high and supplies a hydro-electric station with an output of 300,000 kW.
Construction of the dam began in 1913, a huge undertaking needing ten million cubic feet of concrete. It was part of a larger project to build dams to store water in reservoirs to feed powerplants and to provide irrigation for farming.
Coordinates: 42°10′46.87″N 0°54′47.30″E / 42.1796861°N 0.913139°E / 42.1796861; 0.913139
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Tarragona
Tarragona (Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə], Spanish: [taraˈɣona]; Phoenician: טַרְקוֹן, Tarqon; Latin: Tarraco) is a city located in the south of Catalonia on the north-east of Spain, by the Mediterranean. It is the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and the capital of the Catalan comarca Tarragonès. In the medieval and modern times it was the capital of the Vegueria of Tarragona. As of the 2009 census, the city had a population of 130,323.[citation needed]
One Catalonian legend holds it was named for Tarraho, eldest son of Tubal in c. 2407 BC; another (derived from Strabo and Megasthenes) attributes the name to 'Tearcon the Ethiopian', a 7th century BC pharaoh who supposedly campaigned in Spain. The real founding date of Tarragona is unknown.
In Roman times, the city was named Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis (after being capital of Hispania Citerior in the Republican era). The Roman colony founded at Tarraco had the full name of Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco.
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Teruel
Teruel (Spanish pronunciation: [teˈɾwel]) is a town in Aragon, eastern Spain, and the capital of Teruel Province. It has a population of 34,240 in 2006 making it one of the least populated provincial capitals in the country. It is noted for its harsh climate (hot in summer and very cold in winter), its renowned jamón serrano (cured ham), its pottery, its surrounding archaeological sites with some of the oldest dinosaur remains of the Iberian Peninsula, and its famous Fiestas (La vaquilla del ángel during the second weekend of July and "Bodas de Isabel de Segura" around the third weekend of February). Teruel is regarded as the "town of mudéjar" due to numerous buildings designed in this style. All of them are comprised in the Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon which is a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO.
Teruel's remote and mountainous location (it is 915 metres above sea level) and its low population has led to relative isolation within Spain. A campaign group with the slogan Teruel existe ("Teruel exists") was founded in 1999 to press for greater recognition and investment in the town and the province. Due in part to the campaign, transport connections to Teruel are being greatly improved with the construction of a motorway between Zaragoza and Sagunto, large parts of which are now open. However, Teruel remains the only provincial capital in Spain without a direct railway link to the capital, Madrid.
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Toledo, Spain
Toledo (pronounced: [toˈleðo]; Latin: Toletum, Arabic: طليطلة, DIN: Ṭulayṭulah) is a municipality located in central Spain, 70 km south of Madrid. It is the capital of the province of Toledo. It is also the capital of autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha. It was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986 for its extensive cultural and monumental heritage as one of the former capitals of the Spanish Empire and place of coexistence of Christian, Jewish and Muslim cultures, as well as the place where harsh religious persecutions were held against the Jews by the Visigoths.
Many famous people and artists were born or lived in Toledo, including Al-Zarqali, Garcilaso de la Vega, Eleanor of Toledo, Alfonso X and El Greco. It was also the place of important historic events such as the Visigothic Councils of Toledo. As of 2010[update], the city has a population of 82,489 and an area of 232.1 km2 (89.6 sq mi).
Having been populated since the Bronze Age, Toledo (Toletum in Latin) grew in importance during Roman times, being a main commercial and administrative centre in the Roman province of Tarraconensis. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Toledo served as the capital city of Visigothic Spain, beginning with Liuvigild (Leovigild), and was the capital of Spain until the Moors conquered Iberia in the 8th century.
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Torrebesses
'Torrebesses is a municipality in the comarca of the Segrià in Catalonia, Spain.
The name of the town comes from Catalan: Torres Bessones, meaning "Twin Towers". This town has lost population since year 1877 when it had 944 inhabitants.
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UE Lleida
Unió Esportiva Lleida was a Spanish football team based in Lleida, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Originally founded as Lérida Balompié-AEM on 30 October 1939, it became Unión Deportiva Lérida in 1947, after a merger with CD Leridano. Dissolved in 2011, it held home matches at Camp d´Esports, with a 13,500-seat capacity. The soul of the club was reformed as Lleida Esportiu.
Lleida adopted the Catalan version of its name in 1978. The club has spent most of its history in the lower divisions. However, in the early 1950s and early 1990s, the club won promotion to La Liga.
During the 1990s the club was managed by Mané, Juande Ramos and Víctor Muñoz. All three subsequently became successful managers with other clubs. Since 1987 the club has organised its own summer trophy, the Ciutat de Lleida Trophy.
Football was first introduced to Lleida in 1910 by Manuel Azoz, a Barcelona business man. Among the earliest clubs in the city were Montserrat, founded in 1913 by Marist Brothers, and FC Lleida founded in 1914. Both played their early games in the district of Pla d’en Gardeny. In 1915, the Associació Cultural Lleidatana was founded by Catalan nationalists.
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University of Lleida
The University of Lleida (Catalan: Universitat de Lleida, UdL; IPA: [uniβərsiˈtad də ˈʎɛjðə], locally: [uniβeɾsiˈtad de ˈʎejðɛ]) is a university based in Lleida (Catalonia), Spain. It was the first university in Catalonia and the whole Crown of Aragon. It was founded between 1297 and 1301, probably with the name of Estudi General (Studium Generale) in the style of other Universities founded at that time (such as the University of Valencia), and closed down through a royal law or "Real Cédula" in 1717 along with the banning of the rest of Catalan Universities and the original political institutions of Catalonia. Felipe V founded a University in Cervera, a town 70 km. east of Lleida whose authorities had supported his side in the Spanish War of Succession in 1713, which replaced all Catalan universities.
It was refounded on December 12, 1991 after a few hundred years parentheses by a law passed by the Catalan Parliament, and since then, besides the historical central edification located in Rambla d'Aragó, in what is nowadays the town district called Universitat, new buildings have been added to it.
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Valladolid
Valladolid (Spanish: [baʎaðoˈlið] ( listen)) is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales. It is the capital of the province of Valladolid.
One line of etymological argument suggests that the modern name "Valladolid" derives from a Celtiberian language expression, Vallis Tolitum ("Waters Valley"), due to the confluence of rivers. Another, more generally accepted derivation is from the demonym Vallisoletano, which was, in fact, the Spanish demonym of the city, and means "from sunny valley". Supporting this are texts from the Middle Ages, which use Vallisoletum, a word which continued to be used as late as the 16th century (see painting by Braun and Hogenberg).
It is also popularly called Pucela, a nickname whose origin is not clear, but probably refers to a few knights who accompanied Joan of Arc, known as La Pucelle. Another theory is that Pucela comes from the fact that Puzzeli's cement was sold there, the only city in Spain that sold it.
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Vilanova de la Barca
Vilanova de la Barca is a municipality in the comarca of Segrià in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the confluence of the Segre and Corb rivers. The Urgell canal provides irrigation water for growing cereals and forage plants. The municipality is linked to Lleida and Balaguer by the C-1313 road and a FGC railroad.
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Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz (Basque: Gasteiz; IPA: [ɡas̺teis̻]; Spanish: Vitoria, IPA: [biˈtoɾja]; officially Vitoria-Gasteiz) is the capital city of the province of Álava and of the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain with a population of 235,661 people. It is the second largest Basque city. The dwellers of the city are called Vitorianos or Gasteiztarras, while traditionally they are dubbed Babazorros (Basque for 'bean eaters').
Vitoria-Gasteiz will be the European Green Capital in 2012.
In the year 581 the Visigoth king Liuvigild founded the city of Victoriacum, trying to emulate the Roman foundations, as a celebration of the victory against the Vascones near what is assumed to be the hill occupied by the primitive village of Gasteiz. This however is not sufficiently proven, and some historians and experts believe that Victoriacum was located not on the site of present-day Vitoria-Gasteiz but nearby, maybe at Iruña-Veleia (cf. J.M. Lacarra) or at the foot of Mount Gorbea where there is a village called Vitoriano.
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Zamora, Spain
Zamora (Spanish pronunciation: [θamo'ɾa]) is a city in Castile and León, Spain, the capital of the province of Zamora. It lies on a rocky hill in the northwest, near the frontier with Portugal and crossed by the Duero river, which is some 50 km downstream as it reaches the Portuguese frontier. With its 24 characteristic Romanesque style churches of the 12th and 13th centuries it has been called a "museum of Romanesque art". Zamora is the city with the most Romanesque churches in all of Europe. The most important celebration in Zamora is the Holy Week in Zamora.
After the Roman victory over the Lusitanian hero Viriathus the settlement was named by the Romans, Occelum Durii or Ocellodurum (literally, "Eye of the Duero"). During Roman rule it was in the hands of the Vaccaei, and was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. It was on the road from Emerita (modern Mérida) to Asturica Augusta (modern Astorga). (Ant. Itin. pp. 434, 439).
Two coins from the reign of the Visigothic king, Sisebuto, show that it was known at the time as "Semure".
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Zaragoza
Zaragoza (Spanish pronunciation: [θaɾaˈɣoθa]), also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. It is situated on the Ebro river and its tributaries, the Huerva and the Gállego, near the centre of the region, in a valley with a variety of landscapes, ranging from desert (Los Monegros) to thick forest, meadows and mountains.
On 1 September 2010 the population of the city of Zaragoza was 701,090, within its administrative limits on a land area of 1,062.64 km2 (410.29 sq mi), ranking fifth in Spain. It is the 35th most populous municipality in the European Union. The population of the metropolitan area was estimated in 2006 at 783,763 inhabitants. The municipality is home to more than 50 percent of the Aragonese population. The city lies at an elevation of 199 metres.
Zaragoza hosted Expo 2008 in the summer of 2008, a world's fair on water and sustainable development. It was also candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.
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Ávila, Spain
Ávila (Latin: Abila and Obila) is a Spanish city located in the autonomous community of Castile and León, capital of the province of the same name.
"Ávila de los Caballeros" is an honorific title of the city and others are "Ávila del Rey" and "Ávila de los Leales" which are all present in the flag of the city.
The city is notable for having complete medieval city walls which were built in the Romanesque style. It is also one of the cities with the highest number of Romanesque churches, Gothic churches and catering establishments in relation to the number of its inhabitants.
It is known by many as the city of «Pebbles and Saints». The writer José Martínez Ruiz Azorín, after writing The Castilian Soul, said it was "perhaps the most 16th century city of Spain".
The city is 1131 meters (3665 feet) above sea level, the highest provincial capital in Spain. It is built on the flat summit of a rocky hill, which rises abruptly in the midst of a veritable wilderness: a brown, arid, treeless table-land, strewn with immense grey boulders, and shut in by lofty mountains. This results in an extreme climate, with very hard and long winters, and short summers.
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Albert Costa
Albert Costa i Casals (born 25 June 1975, in Lleida) is a former professional tennis player from Spain. He is best remembered for winning the men's singles title at the French Open in 2002.
Costa began playing tennis at the age of five. He first came to the tennis world's attention as an outstanding junior player. In 1993, he reached the French Open junior final and won the Orange Bowl. He turned professional later that year and quickly established a reputation as a strong clay court player. In 1994, he won two challenger series events and was named the ATP's Newcomer of the Year.
Costa won his first top-level singles title in 1995 at Kitzbühel, beating the "king of clay", Thomas Muster, in a five set final. Costa won three further titles in 1996. In 1997, he won another two singles titles and was part of the Spanish team that won the World Team Cup. He won another two singles titles in 1998, including the Tennis Masters Series event in Hamburg. Three further titles followed in 1999.
In 2000, Costa helped Spain win its first Davis Cup. He also captured a bronze medal in the men's doubles at the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney, partnering Álex Corretja.
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Andalusian people
The Andalusians are the people of the southern region in Spain approximated by what is now called Andalusia. They are generally not considered an ethnically distinct people because they lack two of the most important markers of distinctiveness: their own language and an awareness of a presumed common origin. Andalusian Spanish is said to be a distinct dialect, although it is debatable. The Andalusians have a rich culture which includes the Semana Santa (see Holy Week in Spain), the Carnival of Cadiz and the famous flamenco style of music and dance. Andalusia's own statute of autonomy identifies the region as an "historic nationality" and grants it a high level of devolved political power.
Andalusian people live mainly in Spain's eight southernmost provinces: Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga, and Sevilla, which all are part of the region and modern Autonomous Community of Andalucía. In January 2006 the total population of this region stood at 7,849,799, Andalucía is the most populous region of Spain. In comparison with the rest of Spain, Andalusia population growth has been slower and it continues to be sparsely populated in some rural areas (averaging just 84 inh. per km²). Since 1960, the region's share of total population has declined, despite birth rates being about 40 percent higher than the Spanish average during past decades (currently it is only a 13% higher). Between 1951 to 1975, over 1.7 million Andalusian people emigrated out of Andalusia to other areas of Spain. This figure was approximately a 24% of the population of Andalusia as a whole, mostly hitting the countryside areas. The main recipients of this migration were Catalonia (989,256 people of Andalusian origin in 1975), Madrid (330,479) and Valencia (217,636), and to a lesser level, the Basque Country and Balearics.
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Appian
Appian[pronunciation?] of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: Ἀππιανός Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Appianós Alexandreús; Latin: Appianus Alexandrinus; ca. AD 95 – ca. AD 165) was a Roman historian of Greek ethnicity who flourished during the reigns of Emperors of Rome Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius.
He was born circa 95 in Alexandria. He tells us, after having filled the chief offices in the province of Aegyptus (Egypt), he went to Rome circa 120, where he practised as an advocate, pleading cases before the emperors (probably as advocatus fisci), that in 147 at the earliest he was appointed to the office of procurator, probably in Egypt, on the recommendation of his friend Marcus Cornelius Fronto, a well-known litterateur. Because the position of procurator was open only to members of the equestrian order (the "knightly" class), his possession of this office tells us about Appian's family background.
His principal surviving work (Ῥωμαϊκά, known in Latin as Historia Romana and in English as Roman History) was written in Greek in 24 books, before 165. This work more closely resembles a series of monographs than a connected history. It gives an account of various peoples and countries from the earliest times down to their incorporation into the Roman Empire, and survives in complete books and considerable fragments. The work is very valuable, especially for the period of the civil wars.
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Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs (Arabic: عرب, ʿarab), are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing an important part of Arab identity.
The word "Arab" has had several different, but overlapping, meanings over the centuries (and sometimes even today). In addition to including all Arabized people of the world (with language tending to be the acid test), it has also at times been used exclusively for bedouin (Arab nomads [although a related word, "`a-RAB," with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, once was sometimes used when this specific meaning was intended] and their now almost entirely settled descendants). It is sometimes used that way colloquially even today in some places. Townspeople once were sometimes called "sons of the Arabs." As in the case of other ethnicities or nations, people identify themselves (or are identified by others) as "Arabs" to varying degrees. This may not be one's primary identity (it tends to compete with country, religion, sect, etc.), and whether it is emphasized may depend upon one's audience.
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Augustus
Augustus ( /ɔːˈɡʌstəs/;Classical Latin: [awˈɡʊstʊs]; Latin: Imperator Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, he was adopted posthumously by his great-uncle Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BC via his last will and testament, and between then and 27 BC was officially named Gaius Julius Caesar. In 27 BC the Senate awarded him the honorific Augustus ("the revered one"), and thus consequently he was Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus.
The young Octavius came into his inheritance after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. In 43 BC, Octavian joined forces with Mark Antony and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus in a military dictatorship known as the Second Triumvirate. As a triumvir, Octavian ruled Rome and many of its provinces. The triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its rulers: Lepidus was driven into exile, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Octavian's fleet under the command of Agrippa in 31 BC.
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Ausonius
Decimius Magnus Ausonius (ca. 310–ca. 394) was a Latin poet and teacher of rhetoric at Burdigala (Bordeaux, France). For a time he was tutor to the future emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the Consulship on him. His best-known poems are Mosella, a description of the river Moselle, and Ephemeris, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers and circle of well-to-do acquaintances, and his delight in the technical handling of meter.
Decimus Magnus Ausonius was born ca. 310 in Bordeaux, the son of Julius Ausonius, a physician of Greek ancestry, and Aemilia Aeonia, daughter of Caecilius Argicius Arborius, descended on both sides from established, land-owning Gallo-Roman families of southwestern Gaul. Ausonius was given a strict upbringing by his aunt and grandmother, both named Aemilia. He received an excellent education at Bordeaux and at Toulouse, where his maternal uncle, Aemilius Magnus Arborius, was a professor. Ausonius did well in grammar and rhetoric, but professed that his progress in Greek was unsatisfactory. When his uncle was summoned to Constantinople to tutor one of the sons of emperor Constantine I, Ausonius accompanied him to the capital.
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Bojan Krkic
Bojan Krkić Pérez (Serbian Cyrillic: Бојан Кркић Перез; pronounced Boyan Krkich Perez; born 28 August 1990) known as just Bojan, is a Spanish footballer who currently plays as a forward or winger for Italian Serie A club Roma.
Born in Linyola, Lleida, Catalonia, to a Serbian father (Bojan Krkić, Sr.) who was a professional footballer for the Serbian side Red Star Belgrade and a Spanish mother (Maria Lluïsa Pérez), Bojan played for FC Barcelona's youth teams from 1999 to 2006. A quick striker with quite notable dribbling skills, it was reported that he scored over 500 goals for the youth teams in five and a half years. He then played the 2006–07 season with the FC Barcelona B team until he signed a professional contract with the Barcelona A team upon turning 17. Bojan played his first match with Barcelona on 24 April 2007, scoring a goal in a friendly match against Egyptian giants Al-Ahly.
On 16 September 2007 (at 17 years and 19 days), Bojan made his official debut for Barcelona against CA Osasuna, replacing Giovani dos Santos in the 78th minute and breaking Lionel Messi's record of the youngest Barcelona player to feature in a La Liga match. Three days later, he made his UEFA Champions League debut against Olympique Lyonnais, coming on at the 88th minute for Messi. He was, at the time, the youngest Barcelona player ever to feature in a Champions League game, at 17 years and 22 days. He made his second Champions League appearance on 2 October, coming on at the 81st minute for Ronaldinho against VfB Stuttgart. On 20 October 2007 (at 17 years and 53 days), Bojan made his first league start for Barcelona away to Villarreal CF and scored in the 25th minute. It was his first goal for the club's first team and it made him the youngest ever goalscorer for Barcelona in a league match.
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Carles Puyol
Carles Puyol i Saforcada (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkarɫəs puˈjɔɫ]; born 13 April 1978) is a Spanish footballer who plays for FC Barcelona and the Spanish national team. Mainly a central defender, he can also play on either flank, especially as a right back.
He served as a longtime team captain for his only club FC Barcelona after taking over from Luis Enrique in August 2004, going on to appear in more than 500 official games for the team and win 18 major titles, notably five La Liga and three UEFA Champions League championships.
A Spanish international on more than 100 occasions, Puyol was part of the squads that won the Euro 2008 and the 2010 World Cup tournaments.
Born in La Pobla de Segur, Lleida, Catalonia, Puyol started playing football for his hometown club, as a goalkeeper. However, after injury problems with his shoulder, he switched to striker. He said that in his youth, "My parents were skeptical about me becoming a footballer and encouraged me to study." In 1995, he joined FC Barcelona's youth system at La Masia, switching positions again, to play as a defensive midfielder; two years later, he started playing for the club's B-team, occupying the position of right back.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Durruti
José Buenaventura Durruti Dumange (14 July 1896 – 20 November 1936) was a central figure of Spanish anarchism during the period leading up to and including the Spanish Civil War.
Durruti was born in León, Spain, son of Anastasia Dumangue and Santiago Durruti, a railway worker in the yard at Leon who described himself as a libertarian socialist. Buenaventura was the second of eight brothers (one was killed in the October 1934 uprising in the Asturias, another died fighting the Fascists on the Madrid front).
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Eckhel
Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (January 13, 1737 – May 16, 1798) was an Austrian Jesuit priest and numismatist.
Echkel was born at Enzersfeld, in Lower Austria.
His father was farm-steward to Count Zinzendorf, and he received his early education at the Jesuits' College, Vienna, where at the age of fourteen he was admitted into the order. He devoted himself to antiquities and numismatics. After being engaged as professor of poetry and rhetoric, first at Steyer and afterwards at Vienna, he was appointed in 1772 keeper of the cabinet of coins at the Jesuits' College, and in the same year he went to Italy for the purpose of personal inspection and study of antiquities and coins. At Florence he was employed to arrange the collection of the grand duke of Tuscany; and the first-fruits of his study of this and other collections appeared in his Numi veteres anecdoti, published in 1775.
On the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, Eckhel was appointed by the empress Maria Theresa of Austria professor of antiquities and numismatics at the University of Vienna, and this post he held for twenty-four years. He was in the following year made keeper of the imperial cabinet of coins, and in 1779 appeared his Catalogus Vindobonensis numorum veterum.
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Enrique Florez
Enrique (or Henrique) Flórez de Setién y Huidobro (February 14, 1701 – August 20, 1773) was a Spanish historian.
Flórez was born in Valladolid. At 15 years old, he entered the order of St Augustine. He subsequently became professor of theology at the University of Alcala, where he published a Cursus theologiae in five volumes (1732–1738). He then devoted himself to historical studies. Of these the first-fruit was his Clavis Historiae, a work of the same class as the French Art de verifier les dates, and preceding it by several years. It appeared in 1743, and passed through many editions. In 1747 was published the first volume of España Sagrada, teatro geografico-historico de La Iglesia de España, a vast compilation of Spanish ecclesiastical history which obtained a European reputation, and of which twenty-nine volumes appeared in the author's lifetime. It was continued after his death by Manuel Risco and others, and further additions have been made at the expense of the Spanish government. The whole work in fifty-one volumes was published at Madrid (1747–1886). Its value is considerably increased by the insertion of ancient chronicles and documents not easily accessible elsewhere. Flórez was a good numismatist, and published Medallas de Las Colonias in 2 vols. (1757–1758), of which a third volume appeared in 1773. His last work was the Memorias de las reynas Catolicas, 2 vols. (1770). Flórez led a retired, studious and unambitious life, and died at Madrid.
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Florus
Florus, Roman historian, lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. He was born in Africa.
He compiled, chiefly from Livy, a brief sketch of the history of Rome from the foundation of the city to the closing of the temple of Janus by Augustus (25 BC). The work, which is called Epitome de T. Livio Bellorum omnium annorum DCC Libri duo, is written in a bombastic and rhetorical style — a panegyric of the greatness of Rome, the life of which is divided into the periods of infancy, youth and manhood. It is often wrong in geographical and chronological details. In spite of its faults, however, the book was much used as a handy epitome of Roman history, in the Middle Ages and survived as a textbook into the nineteenth century. In the manuscripts the writer is variously named as Julius Florus, Lucius Anneus Florus, or simply Annaeus Florus. From certain similarities of style, he has been identified as Publius Annius Florus, poet, rhetorician and friend of Hadrian, author of a dialogue on the question of whether Virgil was an orator or poet, of which the introduction has been preserved.
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Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde, better known under the name of Franco, (Spanish: [fɾanˈθisko ˈfɾaŋko]; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general, dictator and the leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, and totalitarian head of state of Spain, from October 1936 (as a unified nation from 1939 onwards) until his death in November 1975. He came to power while recognizing the principles of the far-right Falange movement, although this was for propaganda reasons, as he belonged to no political party before becoming Head of State. As head of state, Franco used the titles Caudillo de España and Generalísimo, but also was called formally as His Excellency, The Head of State.
Franco was from a military family, and although originally intent on entering the Spanish Navy, he instead became a soldier. He participated in the Rif War in Morocco, becoming the youngest general in Europe by 1926. After returning to the Spanish mainland, he saw service suppressing an anarchist-led strike in 1934, defending the stability of Alcalá-Zamora's conservative government. Following the formation of a Popular Front government, made up of various left-wing factions, instability heightened. Violence between militant groups rose sharply with assassination of conservative parliamentary leader José Calvo Sotelo, in retaliation for the killing of José Castillo. Franco and his co-conspirators used Calvo's death as their pretext for war, as they had already initiated the plan for their rebellion.
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Gaspar de Portolà
Gaspar de Portolà i Rovira (1716–1784) was a Spanish soldier, governor of Baja and Alta California (1767–1770), explorer and founder of San Diego and Monterey. He was born in Os de Balaguer, province of Lleida, in Catalonia, Crown of Aragon, of Catalan nobility. Don Gaspar served as a soldier in the Spanish army in Italy and Portugal. He was commissioned ensign in 1734, and lieutenant in 1743, and died in Spain in 1784.
By 1767, Jesuit missionaries on the peninsula of Baja California had established approximately twenty-three missions over a period of seventy-two years. Rumors were circulating that the Jesuits had amassed a fortune and were becoming very powerful. As part of the nearly global suppression of the Jesuits, King Carlos III ordered the Jesuits expelled at gunpoint and deported back to Spain. Following the command of the king, the viceroy of New Spain ordered the arrest and deportation of all Jesuits in missions and Don Gaspar de Portolà was charged with the expulsion of the Jesuits from Baja. The missions were turned over to the Franciscans, and later to the Dominicans.
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Iberian people
The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others, Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodotus and Strabo) identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula at least from the 6th century BC. These included the Airenosi, Andosini, Ausetani, Bastetani, Bastuli, Bergistani, Castellani, Cessetani, Ceretani, Contestani, Edetani, Elisices, Iacetani, Ilercavones, Ilergetes, Indigetes, Lacetani, Laietani, Oretani, Sedetani, Sordones, Suessetani, and Turdetani (there are some doubts regarding the ethno-linguistic affiliation of some of these). The Roman and Greek sources often diverge about the precise location of each Iberian people and also about the list of Iberian peoples.
The term Iberian as used by the ancient authors had two meanings. One, more general, referred to the whole of the population of the Iberian peninsula. The other, more restricted, with an ethnic sense, to the people living in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, where by the 6th century BC they had absorbed cultural influences from Phoenicians and Greeks.
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Iberians
The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others, Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodotus and Strabo) identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula at least from the 6th century BC. These included the Airenosi, Andosini, Ausetani, Bastetani, Bastuli, Bergistani, Castellani, Cessetani, Ceretani, Contestani, Edetani, Elisices, Iacetani, Ilercavones, Ilergetes, Indigetes, Lacetani, Laietani, Oretani, Sedetani, Sordones, Suessetani, and Turdetani (there are some doubts regarding the ethno-linguistic affiliation of some of these). The Roman and Greek sources often diverge about the precise location of each Iberian people and also about the list of Iberian peoples.
The term Iberian as used by the ancient authors had two meanings. One, more general, referred to the whole of the population of the Iberian peninsula. The other, more restricted, with an ethnic sense, to the people living in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, where by the 6th century BC they had absorbed cultural influences from Phoenicians and Greeks.
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Ilergetes
The Ilergetes were an ancient Iberian (Pre-Roman) people of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania) who inhabited the area around present-day Lleida. They are believed to be of Iberian language.
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Jaume Balagueró
Jaume Balagueró i Bernat (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʒawme βalaɣeˈɾo]) (born 2 November 1968 in Lleida, Spain), is a Spanish film director widely known for his horror films.
Jaume Balagueró was born in Lleida, and grew up in Barcelona. He studied communications and photography at the University of Barcelona, graduating in 1991 with a degree in Communication Sciences. In 1992, Balagueró began work as a film journalist and radio host with the show “La espuma de los días” on Radio Hospitalet.
Balagueró began his filmmaking career with the short video projects El niño bubónico (1991) and La invención de la leche (1993). In 1994, Balagueró graduated to shooting on 35mm with the short film Alicia (1994). The film won the prize for Best Short film at the Sitges Film Festival. Balagueró returned with the short Days without Light (1995), which achieved similar success on the festival circuit.
Balagueró made his feature-length film debut with The Nameless (1999). Based on the novel by Ramsey Campbell, the film appeared at festivals worldwide, winning several awards including Best Film at the Fant-Asia Film Festival. He returned three years later with Darkness (2002). The film marked Balagueró's English language debut and was picked up by Miramax Studios, which released a heavily truncated version in US theaters in December 2004. 2005 saw the release of Balagueró's third film, the ghost story Fragile (2005) starring Calista Flockhart and Richard Roxburgh. Also in 2002, Balagueró co-directed the rock music documentary OT: la película (2002).
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Joan Capdevila
Joan Capdevila i Méndez (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈaŋ kədːəˈβiɫə]; born 3 February 1978) is a Spanish footballer who plays for S.L. Benfica in Portugal. His usual position is left defender, but he is also capable of operating as a winger and, from a defensive position, often contributes with goals.
Over the course of 13 La Liga seasons, he amassed totals of 379 appearances and 36 goals, namely for Deportivo de La Coruña and Villarreal CF.
A Spanish international on more than 60 occasions, Capdevila represented the nation in one World Cup and two European Championships, winning one tournament in each competition.
Born in Tàrrega, Province of Lleida, Catalonia, and a product of RCD Espanyol's youth system, Capdevila made his debut for its first team during 1998–99, in a 2–2 La Liga draw at Athletic Bilbao, and joined Atlético Madrid the following season.
After the Colchoneros relegation, however, he signed with Galician side Deportivo de La Coruña in the summer of 2000, and would be a regular fixture in the team as left-back, first competing with Enrique Romero, then as the undisputed first-choice. On 16 September 2006, he netted twice as Depor overcame Villarreal CF 2–0 at Riazor Stadium.
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Joan Manuel Serrat
Joan Manuel Serrat i Teresa (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈam mənuˈɛɫ səˈrat]) (27 December 1943) is a Spanish singer.
Serrat is considered one of the most important figures of modern, popular music in both the Spanish and Catalan languages. He became involved with music at the age of 17, when he got his first guitar, to which he dedicates one of his earliest songs, "Una guitarra".
In the early '60s, the young artist participated in a pop band, playing along with classmates at Barcelona's Agronomy School and performing mainly Beatles songs and Italian 'pop-of-the-era' songs translated to Spanish.
In 1965, while singing in a radio show called Radioscope, host Salvador Escamilla helped him secure a record deal with local label Edigsa, where he recorded his first LP, as well as joining the group Els Setze Jutges.
Joan Manuel Serrat's first live stage performance in 1967 at the Palau de la Música Catalana, served to establish him as one of the most important artists inside the Nova cançó movement in Catalonia.
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Joan Oró
Joan Oró i Florensa (Catalan pronunciation: [ʒuˈan uˈɾo], Western Catalan: [ʒuˈan oˈɾo]) (Lleida, October 26, 1923 – Barcelona, September 2, 2004) was a biochemist from Catalonia (Spain), whose research has been of importance in understanding the origin of life. He participated in several NASA missions, including Apollo mission to the Moon and the Viking lander. He received the Oparin medal, awarded by the International Astrobiology Society for his contributions to the field of origins of life.
Oró completed his undergraduate studies in Biochemistry at the University of Barcelona and moved to the United States in 1952, due to the scarce scientific resources offered by the Spanish academia at that time. Four years later he obtained his PhD in Biochemistry in Houston. He became a full professor in Houston University in 1955 where he founded and directed the department of biochemistry and biophysics. From the 1960s he worked with NASA on the Viking missions which explored the planet Mars. His work was essential in the analysis of samples of Martian soil, questioning early suggestions that life might have been detected. He was also involved in political life after the end of Franco's dictatorship as member of the Parliament of Catalonia. He also served as a science advisor for many USA projects and committees, including those involved in the International Space Station and the future missions to Mars.
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Josep Borrell
Josep Borrell Fontelles (La Pobla de Segur, 24 April 1947) is a Spanish politician. He was nominated President of the European University Institute on 12 December 2008, and assumed this position in January 2010. Borrell was President of the European Parliament from 20 July 2004 until 16 January 2007. Elected for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), he sits with the Party of European Socialists group, and is the leader of the Spanish delegation. As of January 2007 he is chair of the Committee on Development.
In the presidential vote, out of 700 MEPs he received an absolute majority with 388 votes at the first ballot. The other two candidates were the Polish Liberal Bronisław Geremek (208 votes) and the French communist Francis Wurtz (51 votes). As part of a deal with the conservative faction in the parliament, the EPP, he was succeeded as president of the parliament by the German conservative politician Hans-Gert Pöttering in the second part of this term, which is from 2007 to June 2009.
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Josep Vallverdú
Josep Vallverdú i Aixalà (Catalan pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛb ˈbaʎβeɾˈðu]) (born 1923, Lleida) is a Catalan poet, novelist, playwright, linguist and essayist. His narrative Rovelló served as basis for a TV-series in TV3 (Catalonia). His works, rich in vocabulary, have been widely used in the Catalan classrooms. Vallverdú won in 1982 the National Spanish Prize in Children's Literature.
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José Espasa Anguera
José Espasa Anguera (b. Pobla de Ciérvoles (Lérida), 1840; d. Barcelona July 4, 1911) was a Spanish publisher. He is most famous for having been the driving force behind the prestigious Enciclopedia Espasa.
Coming from a very humble rural family, and still a child, he had to move to Barcelona. There he first was a laborer in a demolition site for the walls of Barcelona. When he was 18 he accepted a job as a paper delivery boy. He was fascinated with the book trade, and learned as much as he could about it. In 1860, he risked his modest savings to establish a small subscription center, the precursor of the Espasa-Calpe publishing house. In this period (1860–77), under the trade name Espasa Hermanos (Espasa Brothers), published the Diccionari de la llengua catalana (Dictionary of the Catalan Language) by Laberinia. In 1875, the Poesias catalanas (Catalan Poems) by Federico Soler, were published, and became the most notable Catalan poetry publication of the era. Mr. Espasa went on to hire the most popular writers of the day. In 1881, he reached an agreement with his brother-in-law, Manuel Salvat to form a new company, Espasa y Compañía (Espasa and Company; 1881–97). In 1886, they left their spacious location on Aribau Street to a much larger building on Cortes Street. In 1897, Salvat left the venture, which until 1908, operated under the name “José Espasa” and then until the death of Senior Espasa as “Espasa é Hijos” (Espasa and Sons). Espasa's dream of "a Great (Spanish) Encyclopedia" took shape in 1905, first with the publication of weekly instalments, and, from 1908 onwards, in volumes. The magnitude of this enterprise eventually overwhelmed the publishing house and in 1925 they associated with Calpe; the head offices were moved to Madrid, and the direction of the company was given to José Ortega y Gasset.
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Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (Classical Latin: [ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.lɪ.ʊs ˈkaj.sar], July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.
In 60 BC, Caesar, Crassus and Pompey formed a political alliance that was to dominate Roman politics for several years. Their attempts to amass power through populist tactics were opposed by the conservative elite within the Roman Senate[citation needed], among them Cato the Younger with the frequent support of Cicero. Caesar's conquest of Gaul, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. Caesar became the first Roman general to cross both when he built a bridge across the Rhine and conducted the first invasion of Britain.
These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse Pompey's standing. The balance of power was further upset by the death of Crassus in 53 BC. Political realignments in Rome finally led to a standoff between Caesar and Pompey, the latter having taken up the cause of the Senate. Ordered by the Senate to stand trial in Rome for various charges, Caesar marched on Rome with one legion—legio XIII—from Gaul to Italy, crossing the Rubicon in 49 BC. This sparked a civil war from which he emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world.
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Legion Kondor
The Condor Legion (German: Legion Condor) was a unit composed of volunteers from the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) and from the German Army (Wehrmacht Heer) which served with the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939. The Condor Legion developed methods of terror bombing which were used widely in the Second World War shortly afterwards. The bombing of Guernica was the most infamous operation carried out by the Condor Legion during this period. Hugo Sperrle commanded the aircraft units of the Condor Legion and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the ground units.
Following the military coup in Spain at the start of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Second Republic turned to the Soviet Union and France for support, and the nationalists requested the support of Hitler's Germany and fascist Italy. The first request for German aircraft was made on 22 July, with an order for 10 transport aircraft. Hitler decided to support the nationalists on 25 or 26 July, but was wary of provoking a Europe-wide war. The Reich Air Travel Ministry concluded that nationalist forces would need at least 20 Ju 52s, flown by Luft Hansa pilots, to carry the Army of Africa from Spanish Morocco to Spain. This mission became known as Operation Magic Fire (German: Feuerzauber). The joint Spanish-German "Spanish-Moroccan Transport Company" (Spanish: Companía Hispano-Marroquí de Transporte, HISMA) and an entirely German company, the Raw Materials and Good Purchasing Company (German: Rohstoffe-und-Waren-Einkaufsgesellschaft, ROWAK) were established. This involvement was kept covert, hidden from both foreign and economic ministries, and funded with three million Reichmarks.
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Lorena (singer)
Lorena Gomez Pérez (born April 12, 1986 in Lleida) is a Spanish pop singer known artistically as Lorena.
She was the winner of TV's Spanish Language's talent-search program Operación Triunfo 2006 . In 2007, her debut album, Lorena was released under the Sony BMG label.
She was born April 12, 1986 in Lleida, Spain. She is the youngest daughter of Paco (police) and Mari (homemaker). She has two older sisters, Sonia and Gemma.
At age 8 performed in a stage for the first time and she never went down of it. For 14 years she was at the Casa de Andalucía of Lleida singing and dancing flamenco, sang in various benefit acts (always as a solo singer) and was component of a gospel choir where she studied vocal training.
In television, Operación Triunfo wasn't her first appearance, she was at age 10 in Menudas Estrellas and Menudo Show, at age 12 in Sabor a ti and at age 16 in Cerca de ti.
She also taken part in different singing competitions: in 2001 was finalist of the Benidorm International Song Festival, in 2003 won Operación Tremp and in 2004 was second in the Concurso Nacional de Coplas.
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Lucan (poet)
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba (modern-day Córdoba), in the Hispania Baetica. Despite his short life, he is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial Latin period. His youth and speed of composition set him apart from other poets.
Three brief ancient lives, the earliest attributed to Suetonius, another to an otherwise unknown Vacca, and the third anonymous and undated, along with references in Martial, Cassius Dio, Tacitus's Annals, and one of Statius's Silvae, allow for the reconstruction of a modest biography. Lucan was the grandson of Seneca the Elder and grew up under the tutelage of his uncle Seneca the Younger. Born into a wealthy family, he studied rhetoric at Athens and was probably provided with a philosophical and Stoic education by his uncle.
He found success under Nero, became one of the emperor's close friends and was rewarded with a quaestorship in advance of the legal age. In 60 AD, he won a prize for extemporizing Orpheus and Laudes Neronis at the quinquennial Neronia, and was again rewarded when the emperor appointed him to the augurate. During this time he circulated the first three books of his epic poem, Pharsalia (labelled De Bello civili in the manuscripts), which told the story of the civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey.
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Moorish
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Berber, Black African and Arab descent from Northern Africa, who came to conquer, occupy and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.[citation needed] At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed other religions. They called the territory Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal.
" Moors" are not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name primarily to Berbers, but also at various times to Arabs, Muslim Iberians and West Africans from Mali and Niger who had been absorbed into the Almoravid dynasty. Mainstream scholars observed in 1911 that "The term 'Moors' has no real ethnological value."
The Andalusian Moors of the late Medieval era inhabited the Iberian Peninsula after the Moorish conquests of the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, and the final Umayyad conquest of Hispania.[citation needed] The Moors' rule stretched at times as far as modern-day Mauritania, West African countries, and the Senegal River. Earlier, the Classical Romans interacted with (and later conquered) parts of Mauretania, a state that covered northern portions of modern Morocco and much of north western and central Algeria during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as the Mauri.
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Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Berber, Black African and Arab descent from Northern Africa, who came to conquer, occupy and rule the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.[citation needed] At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed other religions. They called the territory Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal.
" Moors" are not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name primarily to Berbers, but also at various times to Arabs, Muslim Iberians and West Africans from Mali and Niger who had been absorbed into the Almoravid dynasty. Mainstream scholars observed in 1911 that "The term 'Moors' has no real ethnological value."
The Andalusian Moors of the late Medieval era inhabited the Iberian Peninsula after the Moorish conquests of the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates, and the final Umayyad conquest of Hispania.[citation needed] The Moors' rule stretched at times as far as modern-day Mauritania, West African countries, and the Senegal River. Earlier, the Classical Romans interacted with (and later conquered) parts of Mauretania, a state that covered northern portions of modern Morocco and much of north western and central Algeria during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as the Mauri.
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Màrius Torres
Màrius Torres (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈmaɾius ˈtores]) (Lleida, 1910 - Sant Quirze Safaja, 1942) was a [-Catalan poet, first published by fellow writer Joan Sales in Mexico. He's among the most influential poets in the first 30 years of post-Civil War Catalonia.
The son of physician and politician Humbert Torres, he studied at the Liceu Escolar in Lleida from 1920 to 1926 and earned a degree in Medicine from the University of Barcelona. He used the pen name Gregori Sastre to sign his works during the Spanish Civil War, while he was confined in several anti-tuberculosis hospitals. He died in 1942 and was buried in Sant Quirze Safaja.
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Pere Fages
Pere Fages Beleta (Catalan: Pere Fages i Beleta) (1734 – 1794), nicknamed L'Ós (The Bear), was a soldier, explorer, and the second Spanish military Governor of Las Californias Province of New Spain from 1770 to 1774, and the Governor of Las Californias from 1782 to 1791.
Fages was born in Guissona, Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. In 1767, Lieutenant Fages left Spain with the Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia for New Spain, to serve under Domingo Elizondo in Sonora. In 1769, Fages was selected by Viceroy José de Gálvez to lead the shipborn portion of the Gaspar de Portolà led expedition to found San Diego, California. Fages sailed from the Baja California Peninsula town of La Paz on January 10, 1769, aboard the San Carlos, and arrived at San Diego Bay on April 29 with scurvy-ridden troops, after sailing over 200 mi (320 km) off course because of cartography errors. Fages accompanied the 1769 and 1770 land expeditions to locate Monterey Bay. During this time he was promoted to captain.
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Philip V of Spain
Philip V (Spanish: Felipe V; French: Philippe de France; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to 15 January 1724, when he abdicated in favor of his son Louis, and from 6 September 1724, when he assumed the throne again upon his son's death, to his death.
Before his reign, Philip occupied an exalted place in the royal family of France as a grandson of King Louis XIV. His father, Louis, the Grand Dauphin, had the strongest genealogical claim to the throne of Spain when it became vacant in 1700. However, since the Grand Dauphin and Philip's older brother, Louis, Duke of Burgundy, could not be displaced from their place in the succession to the French throne, King Charles II of Spain named Philip as his heir in his will. It was well-known that the union of France and Spain under one monarch would upset the balance of power in Europe, such that other European powers would take steps to prevent it. Philip was the first member of the House of Bourbon to rule as king of Spain. The sum of his two reigns, 45 years and 21 days, is the longest in modern Spanish history.
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Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey ( /ˈpɒmpiː/) or Pompey the Great (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS; September 29, 106 BC – September 29, 48 BC), was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic. He came from a wealthy Italian provincial background, and established himself in the ranks of Roman nobility by successful leadership in several military campaigns. Sulla addressed him by the cognomen Magnus (the Great), and he was awarded three triumphs.
Pompey joined his rival Marcus Licinius Crassus and his ally Julius Caesar in the unofficial military-political alliance known as the First Triumvirate. The first triumvirate was validated by the marriage between Julia Caesar (daughter of Julius Caesar) and Pompey. After the deaths of Julia and Crassus, Pompey sided with the optimates, the conservative and aristocratic faction of the Roman Senate.
Pompey and Caesar contended for the leadership of the Roman state, leading to a civil war. When Pompey was defeated at the Battle of Pharsalus, he sought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated. His career and defeat are significant in Rome's subsequent transformation from Republic to Principate and Empire.
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Ricardo Viñes
Ricardo Viñes (5 February 1875 – 29 April 1943) was a Spanish pianist. He first publicly performed many important works by Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Erik Satie, Manuel de Falla, Déodat de Séverac and Isaac Albéniz. He was also the piano teacher of composer Francis Poulenc and pianist Léo-Pol Morin.
He was born in Lleida, Catalonia. He studied piano at the Paris Conservatoire under Charles-Wilfrid de Bériot, and composition and harmony with Benjamin Godard and Albert Lavignac. He was influential with Ravel supplying him many readings and was a member of the group known as Les Apaches.
Viñes premiered works including Ravel's Menuet antique (1898), Jeux d'eau (1902), Pavane pour une infante défunte (1902), Miroirs (1906), and Gaspard de la nuit (1909). Menuet antique and the second movement of Miroirs, "Oiseaux tristes" (Sad birds), were dedicated to Viñes. Ravel felt it was fun to dedicate such an unpianistic work to a pianist. Viñes was effeminate, and both he and Ravel were eternal bachelors. These facts have led many to suspect that there was more to their friendship, although Viñes's ten-year diary of their times together makes no confirmation of this.
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Salvador Seguí
Salvador Seguí (Tornabous, Lleida Province 1886 – Barcelona, 1923), known as El noi del sucre ("the sugar boy") for his habit of eating the sugar cubes served him with his coffee, was a Catalan anarcho-syndicalist in the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions active in Catalonia. Together with Ángel Pestaña, Seguí opposed the paramilitary actions advocated and carried out by other members of the CNT. On March 10, 1923, while completing preparations to promote the idea of emancipation as a form of social empowerment among workers, he was assassinated by gunshot on Carrer de la Cadena, in Barcelona's Raval District, at the hands of gunmen working for the Catalan employers' organisation under protection of Catalonia's Civil Governor, Martínez Anido. At this same shooting, another anarcho-syndicalist, Francesc Comes, known as Perones, was wounded and was to die several days later.
He has received many tributes since his death, and a foundation has been launched in his memory, the Fundación Salvador Seguí, based in Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict fought in Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. The war began after a pronunciamiento (declaration of opposition) by a group of generals under the leadership of José Sanjurjo against the elected government of the Second Spanish Republic, at the time under the leadership of President Manuel Azaña. The rebel coup was supported by a number of conservative groups including the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right, monarchists such as the religious conservative Carlists, and the Fascist Falange. The uprising was authoritarian and anti-separatist in inspiration; anti-Basque and anti-Catalan feeling marked the Nationalist zone.
Following the only partially successful coup, Spain was left militarily and politically divided. From that moment onwards, general Francisco Franco began a protracted war of attrition against the established government for the control of the country. The rebel forces received the support of Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy, as well as neighbouring Portugal, while the Soviet Union and Mexico intervened in support of the Republican government or loyalist side.
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Strabo
Strabo,,[pronunciation?], also written Strabon (Greek: Στράβων; 64/63 BC – ca. AD 24), was a Greek geographer, philosopher and historian.
Strabo was born to an affluent family from Amaseia in Pontus (modern Amasya, Turkey), a city that he said was situated the approximate equivalent of 75 km from the Black Sea. His mother was Georgian. Pontus had recently fallen to the Roman Republic, and although politically he was a proponent of Roman imperialism, Strabo belonged on his mother's side to a prominent family whose members had held important positions under the resisting regime of King Mithridates VI of Pontus.
Strabo's life was characterized by extensive travels. He journeyed to Egypt and Kush, as far west as coastal Tuscany and as far south as Ethiopia in addition to his travels in Asia Minor and time spent in Rome. Travel throughout the Mediterranean and Near East, especially for scholarly purposes, was popular during this era and was facilitated by the relative peace enjoyed throughout the reign of Augustus (27 BC – AD 14). He moved to Rome in 44 BC, and stayed there, studying and writing, until at least 31 BC. In 29 BC, on his way to Corinth (where Augustus was at the time), he visited the island of Gyaros in the Aegean Sea. Around 25 BC, he sailed up the Nile until reaching Philae, after which point there is little record of his proceedings until 17 AD.
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Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly known as Suetonius[pronunciation?] (ca. 69/72 – after 130), was a Roman historian belonging to the equestrian order in the early Imperial era.
His most important surviving work is a set of biographies of twelve successive Roman rulers, from Julius Caesar to Domitian, entitled De Vita Caesarum. He recorded the earliest accounts of Julius Caesar's epileptic seizures. Other works by Suetonius concern the daily life of Rome, politics, oratory, and the lives of famous writers, including poets, historians, and grammarians. A few of these books have partially survived, but many have been lost.
Suetonius was born the son of Suetonius Laetus, who probably came from Hippo Regius (Annaba, Algeria). Laetus was an equestrian who served and took part in the first Battle of Bedriacum for the Emperor Otho and against the future Emperor Vitellius in AD 69.
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Velleius Paterculus
Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. 19 BC – c. 31 AD) was a Roman historian, also known simply as Velleius. Although his praenomen is given as Marcus by Priscian, some modern scholars identify him with Gaius Velleius Paterculus, whose name occurs in an inscription on a north African milestone (C.I.L. VIII.10, 311).
Paterculus belonged to a distinguished Campanian family, and entered the army at an early age. He served as military tribune in Thrace, Macedonia, Greece and the East, and in AD 2 was present at the interview on the Euphrates between Gaius Caesar, grandson of Augustus, and the Parthian king Phraataces. Afterwards, as praefect of cavalry and legatus, he served for eight years (from AD 4) in Germany and Pannonia under Tiberius. For his services he was rewarded with the quaestorship in AD 8, and, together with his brother, with the praetorship in AD 15. He was still alive in AD 30, for his history contains many references to the consulship of M. Vinicius in that year. It has been conjectured that he was put to death in AD 31 as a friend of Sejanus, whom he praises.
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Verdi
Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi (Italian pronunciation: [dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi]; 10 October 1813 – 27 January 1901) was an Italian Romantic composer, mainly of opera. He was one of the most influential composers of the 19th century. His works are frequently performed in opera houses throughout the world and, transcending the boundaries of the genre, some of his themes have long since taken root in popular culture – such as "La donna è mobile" from Rigoletto, "Va, pensiero" (The Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves) from Nabucco, "Libiamo ne' lieti calici" (The Drinking Song) from La traviata and the "Grand March" from Aida.
Verdi’s masterworks dominate the standard opera repertoire a century and a half after their composition.
Verdi was born the son of Carlo Giuseppe Verdi and Luigia Uttini in Le Roncole, a village near Busseto, then in the Département Taro which was a part of the First French Empire after the annexation of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza. The baptismal register, on 11 October lists him as being "born yesterday", but since days were often considered to begin at sunset, this could have meant either 9 or 10 October. The next day, he was baptized in the Roman Catholic Church in Latin as Joseph Fortuninus Franciscus. The day after that (Tuesday), Verdi's father took his newborn the three miles to Busseto, where the baby was recorded as Joseph Fortunin François; the clerk wrote in French. "So it happened that for the civil and temporal world Verdi was born a Frenchman."
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Visigoths
The Visigoths (Latin: Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi) were one of two main branches of the later Goths, the Ostrogoths being the other. These tribes were among the Germanic peoples who spread through the late Roman Empire during Late Antiquity or the Migration Period. The Visigoths emerged out of the Gothic groups who entered the Roman Empire in and after 376 and defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and famously sacked Rome in 410 AD, eventually settling in Spain and Portugal, where they founded a powerful Kingdom.
After numerous years of migration, which led the Visigoths to compare themselves to the Biblical Hebrew people wandering for 40 years in the Sinai Desert, the Visigoths settled in southern Gaul as foederati of the Romans in 418. For unknown reasons, they soon fell out with their hosts and established their own kingdom with its capital at Toulouse. Extending their authority into Hispania at the expense of the Vandals, their rule in Gaul was ended by the Franks under Clovis I at the Battle of Vouillé in 507. Thereafter the only territory north of the Pyrenees that the Visigoths held was Septimania, such that their kingdom became limited to Hispania. The province came to be dominated by the Visigothic small governing elite at the expense of the Byzantine province of Spania and the Suebic Kingdom of Galicia.
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Callejeros Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Callejeros- La calle Boters de Lleida i Maragall Callejeros 'Aquí hay droga'
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Callejeros- La calle Boters de Lleida i Maragall Callejeros 'Aquí hay droga'
El Maky # 59 - De visita a Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:12
- Updated: 06 Dec 2012
Hace unas semanas estuve paseando por la ciudad de Lleida, ya parte de hacer fotografías, hice un pequeño vídeo con las zonas que más me captaron la atención del municipio. La verdad es que no tenía muchas buenas sensaciones, Lleida no es una ciudad que se venda mucho por los medios de comunicación, pero pese a eso, vale la pena su visita sino lo habéis hecho nunca.
http://wn.com/El_Maky_59_De_visita_a_Lleida
Hace unas semanas estuve paseando por la ciudad de Lleida, ya parte de hacer fotografías, hice un pequeño vídeo con las zonas que más me captaron la atención del municipio. La verdad es que no tenía muchas buenas sensaciones, Lleida no es una ciudad que se venda mucho por los medios de comunicación, pero pese a eso, vale la pena su visita sino lo habéis hecho nunca.
- published: 24 May 2011
- views: 1779
- author: Francesc Perez
Cruzando Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 13 Sep 2012
Cruzando Lleida
http://wn.com/Cruzando_Lleida
Duran i Lleida sí quiere acuerdo con ERC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Después de que el presidente de la Generalitat en funciones, Artur Mas y el líder de ERC, Oriol Junqueras, no alcanzaran el viernes un acuerdo de gobernabilidad al no coincidir en si hay que fijar fecha para el referéndum en Cataluña, el líder de UDC, Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida, ha asegurado este sábado que no es "el responsable de que no hayan llegado a un pacto con ERC. Visto en: www.youtube.com Más vídeos relacionados en: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Duran_i_Lleida_sí_quiere_acuerdo_con_ERC
Después de que el presidente de la Generalitat en funciones, Artur Mas y el líder de ERC, Oriol Junqueras, no alcanzaran el viernes un acuerdo de gobernabilidad al no coincidir en si hay que fijar fecha para el referéndum en Cataluña, el líder de UDC, Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida, ha asegurado este sábado que no es "el responsable de que no hayan llegado a un pacto con ERC. Visto en: www.youtube.com Más vídeos relacionados en: www.youtube.com
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 56
- author: europapress
Polònia: El extraño caso del doctor Duran y el señor Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
Descubrimos qué le pasa a Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida cada vez que sus compañeros de Convergència lo dejan solo. Gag del programa Polònia emitido el 13/12/2012 en TV3.
http://wn.com/Polònia_El_extraño_caso_del_doctor_Duran_y_el_señor_Lleida
Descubrimos qué le pasa a Josep Antoni Duran i Lleida cada vez que sus compañeros de Convergència lo dejan solo. Gag del programa Polònia emitido el 13/12/2012 en TV3.
- published: 13 Dec 2012
- views: 131
- author: Kewban
OPERACIÓN PULSERA. Operaciones de la Guardia Civil. Lleida, Servicio de Información.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
La Guardia Civil desarticula el grupo de "Los trinitarios" asentado en Lleida. Se han realizado 21 registros domiciliarios y se ha detenido a 19 personas acusadas de delitos contra la Salud Pública, Lesiones, Amenazas, Coacciones, Robos con Violencia e Intimidación, pertenencia a Organización Criminal, Tenencia Ilícita de Armas y Receptación Se han intervenido una escopeta, una carabina de aire comprimido y un revólver detonador, así como una mira de precisión, botes de humo, cartuchería y munición de diverso calibre Entre la documentación incautada destacan escritos de los códigos acordados por la organización y sus normas internas, así como cartas con directrices dadas por la cúpula y documentación sobre los diferentes cargos que desempeñaban los miembros de la banda 29 de noviembre de 2012. La Guardia Civil en el marco de la operación "PULSERA" ha desarticulado el grupo de origen latino denominado "Los trinitarios", asentado en Lleida, con la detención de sus 19 integrantes. Además, se han realizado 21 registros de inmuebles en diferentes provincias españolas. El jefe de Los trinitarios en Lleida (Inca o patriarca) residía en esta ciudad y operaba en Barcelona, Tarragona, Zaragoza y Madrid. En la operación se han esclarecido numerosas actividades ilícitas cometidas por los miembros de la organización criminal asentada en Tárrega y Lleida. Se les imputa delitos de pertenencia a Organización Criminal, relativos a los Derechos Fundamentales y las Libertades Públicas ...
http://wn.com/OPERACIÓN_PULSERA_Operaciones_de_la_Guardia_Civil_Lleida,_Servicio_de_Información
La Guardia Civil desarticula el grupo de "Los trinitarios" asentado en Lleida. Se han realizado 21 registros domiciliarios y se ha detenido a 19 personas acusadas de delitos contra la Salud Pública, Lesiones, Amenazas, Coacciones, Robos con Violencia e Intimidación, pertenencia a Organización Criminal, Tenencia Ilícita de Armas y Receptación Se han intervenido una escopeta, una carabina de aire comprimido y un revólver detonador, así como una mira de precisión, botes de humo, cartuchería y munición de diverso calibre Entre la documentación incautada destacan escritos de los códigos acordados por la organización y sus normas internas, así como cartas con directrices dadas por la cúpula y documentación sobre los diferentes cargos que desempeñaban los miembros de la banda 29 de noviembre de 2012. La Guardia Civil en el marco de la operación "PULSERA" ha desarticulado el grupo de origen latino denominado "Los trinitarios", asentado en Lleida, con la detención de sus 19 integrantes. Además, se han realizado 21 registros de inmuebles en diferentes provincias españolas. El jefe de Los trinitarios en Lleida (Inca o patriarca) residía en esta ciudad y operaba en Barcelona, Tarragona, Zaragoza y Madrid. En la operación se han esclarecido numerosas actividades ilícitas cometidas por los miembros de la organización criminal asentada en Tárrega y Lleida. Se les imputa delitos de pertenencia a Organización Criminal, relativos a los Derechos Fundamentales y las Libertades Públicas ...
- published: 30 Nov 2012
- views: 2290
- author: guardiacivil
Carga policial contra concentración pacífica 06/06/2012 Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Carga injustificada de los Mossos d'Esquadra de Lleida contra un grupo de personas que se habían concentrado para pedir la liberación de tres miembros de la lucha estudiantil de la ciudad que se habían detenido sin dar explicación ese mismo día.
http://wn.com/Carga_policial_contra_concentración_pacífica_06_06_2012_Lleida
Carga injustificada de los Mossos d'Esquadra de Lleida contra un grupo de personas que se habían concentrado para pedir la liberación de tres miembros de la lucha estudiantil de la ciudad que se habían detenido sin dar explicación ese mismo día.
- published: 06 Jun 2012
- views: 6283
- author: Ximicomix
Campeonato de España de Supermotard Lleida 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Edición y filmación por Alex Aragón: alexaragon1.tumblr.com Editado con FinalCut Pro X, filmado con Canon 500D 18-55
http://wn.com/Campeonato_de_España_de_Supermotard_Lleida_2012
Edición y filmación por Alex Aragón: alexaragon1.tumblr.com Editado con FinalCut Pro X, filmado con Canon 500D 18-55
- published: 19 May 2012
- views: 8510
- author: AlexAragon Filmer
La Peña Real Madrid de Lleida celebró su 50 aniversario
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 23 Nov 2012
Suscribirse al Real Madrid en YouTube: bit.ly Sigue el Real Madrid en Twitter: twitter.com Sigue el Real Madrid en Facebook: facebook.com Sigue el Real Madrid en Tuenti: tuenti.com
http://wn.com/La_Peña_Real_Madrid_de_Lleida_celebró_su_50_aniversario
Suscribirse al Real Madrid en YouTube: bit.ly Sigue el Real Madrid en Twitter: twitter.com Sigue el Real Madrid en Facebook: facebook.com Sigue el Real Madrid en Tuenti: tuenti.com
- published: 08 Oct 2012
- views: 1959
- author: realmadridcf
Lleida downtown on board run David Acedo & Yeray Vargas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Updated: 04 Dec 2012
here a dh run on lleida international downtown with the mondraker riders david acedo and yeray vargas.
http://wn.com/Lleida_downtown_on_board_run_David_Acedo_Yeray_Vargas
here a dh run on lleida international downtown with the mondraker riders david acedo and yeray vargas.
- published: 09 Oct 2012
- views: 3287
- author: willowdh4
Down Town Lleida 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:40
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
Lleida Down Town 2012 prova puntuable pel calendari internacional de descens urbà de l'Unió Ciclista Internacional Lleida Down Town 2012 prueba puntuable para el calendario internacional de descenso urbano de la Unión Ciclista Internacional Lleida Down Town 2012 Event scoring for the international calendar of urban descent of the International Cycling Union
http://wn.com/Down_Town_Lleida_2012
Lleida Down Town 2012 prova puntuable pel calendari internacional de descens urbà de l'Unió Ciclista Internacional Lleida Down Town 2012 prueba puntuable para el calendario internacional de descenso urbano de la Unión Ciclista Internacional Lleida Down Town 2012 Event scoring for the international calendar of urban descent of the International Cycling Union
- published: 08 Oct 2012
- views: 2085
- author: ramonpuiggrosc
Lleida Esportiu 2 - 0 Peña Sport FC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Segunda B grupo 2,jornada 1 2012/13
http://wn.com/Lleida_Esportiu_2_0_Peña_Sport_FC
Salto Base Lleida "Krasty Base Camp"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
La edición de mi amigo Patrick de 4 días de salto base y mucha diversión realizados en Lleida. Pura vida!!!!
http://wn.com/Salto_Base_Lleida_Krasty_Base_Camp
La edición de mi amigo Patrick de 4 días de salto base y mucha diversión realizados en Lleida. Pura vida!!!!
- published: 05 Sep 2012
- views: 613
- author: Richi Navarro
DINOSAURIO LLEIDA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 05 Oct 2012
JURASSIC LLEIDA
http://wn.com/DINOSAURIO_LLEIDA
C's - Ángeles Ribes, nº 1 por Lleida, Entrevista electoral en' Lleida Opina' 17-10-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:44
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
17/10/2012. Entrevista a Ángeles Ribes, cabeza de la lista electoral de C's en Lleida para las Elecciones al Parlament de Catalunya del 25N, en el programa 'LleidaOpina'
http://wn.com/C's_Ángeles_Ribes,_nº_1_por_Lleida,_Entrevista_electoral_en'_Lleida_Opina'_17-10-2012
17/10/2012. Entrevista a Ángeles Ribes, cabeza de la lista electoral de C's en Lleida para las Elecciones al Parlament de Catalunya del 25N, en el programa 'LleidaOpina'
- published: 19 Oct 2012
- views: 244
- author: ciudadanos
David Bisbal Gira Acústica "Lleida" 14 y 15/04/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:42
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
DAVID BISBAL CELEBRA "UN AÑO DE GIRA" EN LLEIDA CON UN DOBLETE
http://wn.com/David_Bisbal_Gira_Acústica_Lleida_14_y_15_04_12
DAVID BISBAL CELEBRA "UN AÑO DE GIRA" EN LLEIDA CON UN DOBLETE
- published: 16 Apr 2012
- views: 10353
- author: davidbisbal
Riada del 1982 en Lleida
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Vídeo y fotos de la gran riada que hubo en la ciudad de Lleida a principios del mes de noviembre del año 1982. El Río Segre se desbordó y el barrio de Cappont, el parque de los Campos Elíseos y gran parte de la Rambla Ferran, quedaron inundados.
http://wn.com/Riada_del_1982_en_Lleida
Vídeo y fotos de la gran riada que hubo en la ciudad de Lleida a principios del mes de noviembre del año 1982. El Río Segre se desbordó y el barrio de Cappont, el parque de los Campos Elíseos y gran parte de la Rambla Ferran, quedaron inundados.
- published: 08 Nov 2012
- views: 830
- author: cavba10
Real Sporting de Gijón 3 - UE Lleida 2 (promoción 94/95)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:19
- Updated: 09 Dec 2012
Real Sporting de Gijón 3 - UE Lleida 2 Partido de vuelta de la promoción de la temporada 94/95 Ficha técnica: R. Sporting: Ramón, Tino, Pablo, Muñiz, Raúl, Avelino (David Cano), Dani Bouzas, Hugo Pérez, Pier, Lediakhov (Velasco), Sabou UE Lleida: Emili, Rubio, Elcacho, Gonzalo, Txema, Babunsky, Palau, David (Bartolo), Salillas, Kuznetsov (Milinkovic), Roa Árbitro: López Nieto. Colegio andaluz. El Molinón, 40.000 espectadores. Lleno.
http://wn.com/Real_Sporting_de_Gijón_3_UE_Lleida_2_promoción_94_95
Real Sporting de Gijón 3 - UE Lleida 2 Partido de vuelta de la promoción de la temporada 94/95 Ficha técnica: R. Sporting: Ramón, Tino, Pablo, Muñiz, Raúl, Avelino (David Cano), Dani Bouzas, Hugo Pérez, Pier, Lediakhov (Velasco), Sabou UE Lleida: Emili, Rubio, Elcacho, Gonzalo, Txema, Babunsky, Palau, David (Bartolo), Salillas, Kuznetsov (Milinkovic), Roa Árbitro: López Nieto. Colegio andaluz. El Molinón, 40.000 espectadores. Lleno.
- published: 18 Apr 2012
- views: 3052
- author: astur823
Lleida Esportiu 1 - 0 CD Tudelano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Segunda B Grupo 2, jornada 10
http://wn.com/Lleida_Esportiu_1_0_CD_Tudelano
Vuelta a España 2012 Etapa 8 Lleida Andorra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:31
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Vuelta_a_España_2012_Etapa_8_Lleida_Andorra
TREN AVE VELARO S-103 - LLEIDA - 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:03
- Updated: 02 Sep 2012
videotren.com Llegada Velaro doble sin servicio a estación de Lleida Pirineus. Toma desde puerta tren hotel 932.
http://wn.com/TREN_AVE_VELARO_S-103_LLEIDA_2012
videotren.com Llegada Velaro doble sin servicio a estación de Lleida Pirineus. Toma desde puerta tren hotel 932.
- published: 17 Jun 2012
- views: 342
- author: vpart
Set4dos Alguaire, Lleida Dj José Conca 17 06 2006
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 51:55
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
www.facebook.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.mixcloud.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Set4dos_Alguaire,_Lleida_Dj_José_Conca_17_06_2006
www.facebook.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.mixcloud.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 257
- author: Sonido Noventas
photo: AP / Charles Krupa
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "Most people reason dramatically, not quantitatively." -Oliver Wendell Holmes. On the same day that a 20-year-old, described as brilliant but remote, walked into an elementary school in Connecticut and massacred 26 children and adults, the school where I teach went on "lock-down." Four students with a handgun were arrested ... That morning before school, he had posted on Twitter and Facebook....(size: 14.0Kb)
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
19 Dec 2012
WASHINGTON. US President Barack Obama backs a new bill to revive an assault weapons ban and other new gun laws, the White House said Tuesday, fleshing out his nascent response to a shocking school massacre. Obama also called an ardently pro-gun senator who has shifted his position on firearms laws since Friday's carnage in Connecticut and has begun meeting top cabinet officials to consider his options, his spokesman Jay Carney said ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Joachim Huber
18 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When a Stanford geneticist, Gerald Crabtree, published a provocative and controversial new view on evolutionary change, namely that humans are actually getting dumber, he should have also added that humans are still developing an extermination gene ... Paleontologist Tim Flannery would more than likely agree with Crabtree ... Strange strings of gravel also overlaid some bones ... (1) Kane, Alex ... 195....(size: 9.4Kb)
photo: AP / Narciso Contreras
19 Dec 2012
GENEVA (Reuters) - The United Nations appealed on Wednesday for $1.5 billion (920.1 million pounds) to provide life-saving aid to Syrians suffering from a "dramatically deteriorating" humanitarian situation ... "The magnitude of this humanitarian crisis is indisputable," said Radhouane Nouicer, U.N ... Inside Syria, U.N ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
18 Dec 2012
The UN's humanitarian chief has called on Syria to urgently allow fuel imports for aid deliveries and give access to 10 more aid agencies. Valerie Amos met government officials in the capital, Damascus, to discuss the growing humanitarian crisis. UN workers also needed to freely move into opposition-controlled areas to step up their aid efforts, she said ... 'Greater rebel contact' ... The claim could not be independently verified ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
CNN
19 Dec 2012
December 19, 2012 -- Updated 1809 GMT (0209 HKT). Tito Vilanova took over from all-conquering former Barcelona coach Josep Guardiola in June ... His assistant Jordi Roura will take charge for the weekend clash with Valladolid ... El Clasico ... Vilanova went on to play for some of Spanish football's lesser known clubs -- Figueras, Celta, Badajoz, Mallorca, Lleida, Elche and Gramenet -- before retiring as a player in 2002 and turning to coaching ... ....(size: 16.3Kb)
Bloomberg
25 Nov 2012
Catalans began voting for a regional government, driving a push for independence that may weaken Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy. More than 8,000 polling stations opened across the northeastern region at 9 a.m ... 20 research note ... 31 ... Seats in the regional assembly will be determined by a system of proportional votes with the province of Barcelona choosing 85 lawmakers and the rest distributed between Girona, Lleida and Tarragona ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
noodls
23 Nov 2012
23/11/2012. Institucional ... The campaign is mainly addressed to students in order to sensitize them to the seriousness of the problem ... Moreover, the University of Barcelona also signs the ,agreed by the Government of Catalonia, the Provincial Councils of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona, the Catalonia Federation of Towns, and the Catalan Association of Municipalities and Counties ... Share this at.. distributed by ... (noodl. 16714019) ....(size: 3.5Kb)
The Guardian
22 Nov 2012
Repressed over the centuries by conquering powers, Catalan is now spoken by 9 million people. After the death of the Spanish dictator, General Franco, in November 1975, the Catalan language has enjoyed a revival. Photograph. Jacques Pavlovsky/ Jacques Pavlovsky/Sygma/Corbis ... Valencia was repopulated with people from Lleida and Tortosa; the Baleares with people from Barcelona and l'Empordà in the north ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
noodls
21 Nov 2012
In presentations, UEFA representatives explained, among other things, UEFA's political and administrative organisation ... Birkbeck Sports Business Centre, Birkbeck College, University of London; Centre de Droit et d'Economie du Sport, Université de Limoges; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Lleida; and Sciences Po, Paris ... distributed by ... (noodl. 16680044) ....(size: 4.8Kb)
noodls
19 Nov 2012
YUZZ, a commitment to innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit ... Las Palmas, Barcelona, Girona, Sant Cugat, Tarragona, Terrassa, Sant Feliu del Llobregat, Lleida, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander, San Sebastián, Ermua, Bilbao, Álava, Valencia, Alicante, Castellón, Zaragoza, Murcia, Burgos, Albacete, Palencia, Cáceres, Ciudad Real, Málaga, Granada, Seville, Oviedo, Palma de Mallorca, A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra ... About Indra....(size: 7.7Kb)
The Guardian
18 Nov 2012
Elections are a week away, and president Artur Mas has draped himself in the flag. But money might win out over sentiment. Barcelona football fans wave pro-independence Catalonia flags. But the club has backed away from playing in the flag’s colours. Photograph ... Even that sticks in the throat of Josep Antoni Duran Lleida, leader of the Unió half of CiU, who said recently that he could not imagine Spain and Catalonia being separate ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
noodls
13 Nov 2012
13/11/2012. Entrevistes. Xavier Roigé, new dean of the Faculty of Geography and History, specialized in Cultural Anthropology, holds a PhD in Geography and History by the University of Barcelona. He worked as a lecturer at the University of Lleida (1986-1992), and currently he is a permanent lecturer of Anthropology at the University of Barcelona ... He is member of the Research Group on Family and Kinship ... Two things can be affirmed ... (noodl....(size: 9.9Kb)
The Times of India
11 Nov 2012
BANGALORE. Farmers in North India burn husk as a shortcut to clear their fields ... "It is one of the most environment-friendly ways of using agricultural waste," says Reddy ... "Using plants to make pharmaceutical and industrial products is cheaper and in many cases safer compared to more conventional systems such as animals and microbes," says Paul Christou, ICREA Research Professor at Universitat de Lleida in Spain ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
noodls
07 Nov 2012
To investigate the effect of animal diet on fat content, the Centre for Research in Biosciences at UWE Bristol has been working in collaboration with the Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal (supported by British Council and Portuguese Government) and the University of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain to look at interaction between diets and breeds ......(size: 5.3Kb)
noodls
30 Oct 2012
Real Madrid has signed Rafael Hettsheimeir (16/06/1986) until 2013 ... Real Madrid have strengthened their inside game with a very versatile all-rounder ... He then played in the Spanish basketball second league for Akasvayu Vic, then in the LEB Oro [Gold League] for Plus Pujol Lleida and the Adecco Oro league for CAI Zaragoza before making the leap to the top tier ACB with Compostela in November 2009 ... Honours ... - Plus Pujol Lleida (2007-2008)....(size: 4.5Kb)
noodls
22 Oct 2012
DONETSK - A MEDICAL OPINION. Of all the travelling party arriving in Donetsk today, no one knows the city and the club Chelsea face in our third Champions League game of the season better than our medical director Paco Biosca ... The people who have money have a lot of good things ... Biosca, who worked at Spanish club Lleida for 25 years, was originally contacted by Shakhtar when they wanted advice on improving their medical department....(size: 5.7Kb)
noodls
18 Oct 2012
Real Madrid will find out who their first Cup rival will be at 12.00 noon in the drawing that will take place at the headquarters of the Royal Spanish Football Federation. Real Madrid will face one of seven Second B teams that classified in the previous playoffs. Alcoyano, Eibar, Cacereño, Real Jaén, Alavés, Llagostera, and Melilla ... Alcoyano ... Laudio (0-1), Lleida (0-2), and Arroyo (1-0), after playing extra time, have been their victims....(size: 7.6Kb)
This article is about the city. For province, see Lleida (province).
| Lleida | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Municipality — | |||
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 Lleida
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Lleida
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| Coordinates: 41°37′00″N 00°38′00″E / 41.6166667°N 0.6333333°E / 41.6166667; 0.6333333Coordinates: 41°37′00″N 00°38′00″E / 41.6166667°N 0.6333333°E / 41.6166667; 0.6333333 | |||
| Country |  Spain |
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| Autonomous community |  Catalonia |
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| Province | Lleida | ||
| Comarca | Segrià | ||
| Founded | 6th century BC | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor-Council | ||
| • Mayor | Angel Ros i Domingo (PSC) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Municipality | 211.7 km2 (81.7 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 155 m (509 ft) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Municipality | 137,387 | ||
| • Density | 650/km2 (1,700/sq mi) | ||
| • Metro | 250,000 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 25001-25007 | ||
| Dialing code | 34 (Spain) + 973 (Lleida) | ||
| Official language(s) | Catalan, Spanish | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Lleida (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈʎɛjðə], locally: [ˈʎejðɛ]; Spanish: Lérida [ˈleɾiða]) is a city in the west of Catalonia, Spain, capital city of the province of Lleida.
Geographically, it is located in the Catalan Central Depression. The metro area has about 250,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital city of the Segrià comarca, as well as the largest city in the province. It had 137,387 inhabitants as of 2010[update], including the contiguous municipalities of Raimat and Sucs.
Lleida is one of the oldest towns in Catalonia, with recorded settlements dating back to the Bronze Age period. Until the Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, the area served as a settlement for an Iberian people, the Ilergetes. The town became a municipality, named Ilerda, under the reign of Augustus. It was reconquered in 1149, after being many centuries under the rule of the Moors, who had conquered the town in the 8th century. In 1297, the University of Lleida was founded, becoming the third oldest in the whole of Spain. During the following centuries, the town was damaged by several wars such as the Reapers' War in the 17th century and the Spanish Civil War in the 20th century. Since then, the city has been in a constant urban, commercial and demographic growth.
Contents |
Languages[link]
It is a traditionally Catalan-speaking town and province, with a characteristic dialect (known as Western or, more specifically, North-Western Catalan, or colloquially lleidatà). Most of the population is actively bilingual in Spanish.
History[link]
In ancient times the city, named Iltrida and Ilerda, was the chief city of the Ilergetes, an Iberian tribe. Indíbil, king of the Ilergetes, and Mandoni, king of the Ausetanes, defended it against the Roman invasion.
Under the Romans, the city was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis, and was a place of considerable importance, historically as well as geographically. It stood upon an eminence, on the right (west) bank of the river Sicoris (the modern Segre), the principal tributary of the Ebre, and some distance above its confluence with the Cinga (modern Cinca); thus commanding the country between those rivers, as well as the great road from Tarraco (modern Tarragona), the provincial capital, to the northwest of Spain, which here crossed the Sicoris.[1]
Its situation[2] induced the legates of Pompey in Spain to make it the key of their defense against Caesar, in the first year of the Civil War (49 BCE). Afranius and Marcus Petreius threw themselves into the place with five legions; and their siege by Caesar himself (Battle of Ilerda), as narrated in his own words, forms one of the most interesting passages of military history. The resources exhibited by the great general, in a contest where the formation of the district and the very elements of nature seemed in league with his enemies, have been frequently extolled; but no epitome can do justice to the campaign. It ended by the capitulation of Afranius and Petreius, who were conquered as much by Caesar's generosity as by his strategy.[3] In consequence of the battle, the Latin phrase Ilerdam videas is said to have been used by people who wanted to cast bad luck on someone else.
Under the Roman empire, Ilerda was a very flourishing city, and a municipium. It minted its own coins. It had a fine stone bridge over the Sicoris, (the bridge was so sturdy that its foundations support a bridge to this day). In the time of Ausonius the city had fallen into decay; but it rose again into importance in the Middle Ages.[4]
It was part of Visigothic and Muslim Hispania until it was conquered from the Moors by the Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona in 1149.
It used to be the seat of a major university, the oldest in the Crown of Aragon, until 1717, when it was moved by Philip V to the nearby town of Cervera. The University of Lleida is nowadays active again.
During the Reapers' War, Lleida was occupied by the French and rebel forces. In 1644 the city was conquered by the Spanish under D. Felipe da Silva.
Lleida served as a key defense point for Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War, and fell to the Insurgents, whose air forces bombed it extensively, in 1937 and 1938. The November 2, 1937 Legion Kondor attacks against Lleida became especially infamous since they were aimed to the school known as Liceu Escolar de Lleida. 48 children and several teachers died in it that day, 300 people were killed on the November 2 bombings altogether, and the town would be bombed and sieged again in 1938, when it was conquered by Franco's forces.[5]
After some decades without any kind of population growth, it met a massive migration of Andalusians who helped the town undergo a relative demographic growth. Nowadays it is home to immigrants of 146 different nationalities.[6]
During 2007 Lleida was the year's Capital of Catalan Culture.[7]
Districts and neighbourhoods[link]
Lleida is divided in the following districts by the Observatori Socioeconòmic de Lleida:
Communications and transport[link]
Railway[link]
Lleida is served by the RENFE, Spanish state railway's Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail line, serving Barcelona, Zaragoza, Calatayud, Guadalajara, and Madrid. Lleida has a new airport opened in January 2010, and a minor airfield located in Alfès. Also, the town is the western terminus of the Eix Transversal Lleida-Girona, and a railway covering the same distance (Eix Transversal Ferroviari) is currently under planning.
Lleida's only passenger railway station is Lleida Pirineus. It's served by both Renfe and Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya train lines. In the future a Rodalies Lleida commuter network will connect the town with its adjacent area and the main towns of its province, improving the existing network with more train frequency and newly-built infrastructure. A second railway station is Pla de la Vilanoveta in an industrial area, and only used by freight trains. A future railway museum will be located in its facilities.[8] Since 2008 the bulk of public transport of the Lleida's surrounding area, mainly buses operated by several companies, is managed by Autoritat Territorial de la Mobilitat de l'Àrea de Lleida.
Bus[link]
The urban buses, coloured yellow with blue stripes and owned by Autobusos de Lleida, include the following lines:
- L-1 Interior
- L-2 Ronda
- L-3 Pardinyes
- L-4 Mariola - Parc cientific i tecnologic
- L-5 Bordeta
- L-6 Magraners
- L-7 Secà
- L-8 Balàfia-Gualda
- L-9 Hospitals
- L-10 Exterior
- L-11 Llívia-Caparrella
- L-11B Llívia-Caparrella-Butsenit
- L-12 C.Històric-Universitat
- L-13 Cappont
- L-14 Agrònoms
- L-P Polígons
- L-17 Bordeta-Ciutat Jardí
- L-18 Palau de Congressos- Rambla de la Mercé
- L-19 Butsenit
- L-N Wonder (Regular night service)
- L-Bus Turístic (tourist bus)
- L- Aeroport
- L- Llotja
In addition to these, there's a tourist bus and a regular night service to nearby clubs.
Lleida-Pirineus airport[link]
Lleida has depended long time on nearby airports and had no local air transit. Lleida-Alguaire airport opened in 2010.
Future and planned services[link]
A tram-train system is pending approval. Using an existing but outdated passenger line, it would link Balaguer and Lleida, crossing both towns in a much-needed move towards better public transportation, both inner-city and between localities.[9][10][11]
Culture[link]
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Theatre and music venues[link]
Auditori Enric Granados is the town's concert hall and main music institution and conservatory. It is named after the composer Enric Granados, who was born there. Lleida's newest venue is La Llotja de Lleida, which opened with Verdi's Il trovatore. CaixaForum Lleida (formerly known as Centre Cultural de la Fundació La Caixa) includes a concert hall.
Teatre de l'Escorxador, located in a former slaughterhouse, is the town's main theatre. It includes a concert venue, Cafè del Teatre. Teatre Principal de Lleida is used for very different events. Antares is a jazz bar hosting regular live acts. La Boîte and Stones, two clubs, also offer concerts.
Music festivals[link]
There are two important music festivals in Lleida; MÚSIQUES DISPERSES Folk Festival, taking place during the whole month of March[12] and the jazz festival JAZZ TARDOR in November. Concerts are also a regular fixture of the two local feasts, Sant Anastasi in May, and Sant Miquel in September.
Film[link]
CaixaForum Lleida is the usual venue for film-related events and screenings. A Latin-American cinema festival is held yearly in the town (Mostra de Cinema Llatinoamericà de Lleida), and an animation film festival called Animac also takes place there every May.
Art and museums[link]
The Lleida Museum opened in 2008, with historical artifacts and works of art from various periods. The Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs, a historically relevant building, exhibits both ancient and contemporary art. Centre d'Art La Panera is a recently open contemporary art institution. Lleida has a number of small galleries, such as Sala Municipal d'Exposicions de Sant Joan or Sala Manel Garcia Sarramona, and some institutions dedicated to local artists, such as Museu d'Art Jaume Morera, Sala Leandre Cristòfol or Sala Coma Estadella. The private foundation CaixaForum Lleida and the Public Library of Lleida also offer regular exhibitions. The now defunct Petite Galerie was an innovative and influential gallery in the 1970s.
Superior art teaching in Lleida is to be found at EMBA (Escola Municipal de Belles Arts).
Traditional culture[link]
Traditional celebrations include Festa Major, L’Aplec del Caragol (the biggest in the world of this sort, held at the Camps Elisis since 1980), and Fira de Sant Miquel.
Lleida was the Capital of Catalan Culture in 2007.
Nightlife[link]
Lleida's most popular[citation needed] bars and clubbing area is informally known as Els Vins. Els Vins Vells, as the oldest part of the quarter is called, has experienced serious decay during the 2000s and most venues in the area are currently closed, with buildings being demolished. Els Vins Nous, on the other hand, an architecturally newer and more upscale area, has largely replaced it. Most big clubs in Lleida, such as Wonder or Cotton, are located outside the town, and are not easily accessible without a car, even though on Saturdays night, there is a bus until Wonder. Also Larida (biggest discothèque in Catalonia) and Excess are big dancing clubs, and they are inside the city.
People from Lleida[link]
The following names are sorted alphabetically.
- Antoni Abad - artist (born 1956)
- Jaume Balagueró - filmmaker (born 1960)
- Josep Borrell - Politician, president of the European Parliament 2004-2007. (born 1947)
- Dani Andrada, One of the world's strongest climbers
- Francesc Claverol - 18th century religious scholar, author of De ineffabile misae sacrificio y Libellum de Adventu Anti Christi.
- Pep Coll - writer (born 1949)
- Albert Costa - tennis player, olympic contestant in 2000, winner of the 2002 French Open, (born 1975)
- Leandre Cristòfol - artist, pioneer of Surrealist sculpture in Catalonia (1908–1998)
- José Espasa Anguera - founder of the precursor of Espasa-Calpe and Enciclopedia Espasa (1840–1911)
- Pere Fages - Soldier and Governor of the Californias (1734–1794)
- Adolf Florensa - architect, urban planner who worked for various governments during the 20th century directing the restoration of Ciutat Vella in Barcelona.
- Javier Galitó-Cava Official Site - actor, dancer born in Barcelona but raised in Lleida for most of his childhood years. He resides in the U.S since 1989.
- Miguel Ángel Gallardo - underground comic book artist, especially known for his controversial comic series Makoki, published in the Spanish magazine El Víbora.
- Indíbil (Indibilis, Andobales) king of the Ilergetes (3rd century BC).
- Lorena, singer, winner of the 5th series of Spanish Fame Academy, Operación Triunfo.
- Enrique Granados - Romantic composer (1867–1917)
- Mari Pau Huguet - Catalan TV personality, TV3 presenter.
- Kílian Jornet Burgada (born 1987), ski mountaineer, long-distance runner, mountain biker and duathlete
- Bojan Krkic - (born 1990) football player.
- Carles Puyol - (born 1978) football player.
- Joan Capdevila - (born 1978) football player.
- Josep Lladonosa - historian (1907–1990)
- Mercè Mor - dancer.
- Jaume Morera - Artist (1854–1927)
- Joan Oró - biochemist whose research has been of importance in understanding the origin of life, received several international honours for his work. (1923–2004)
- Manuel del Palacio - Satirist, journalist (1831–1906)
- Gaspar de Portolà - Soldier and Governor of Alta and Baja California (1716–1784)
- Josep Pernau - journalist, satyrist (born 1930)
- Araceli Segarra - mountaineer and model (born 1970)
- Salvador Seguí, "El Noi del Sucre" - Anarchist, secretary general of CNT in Catalonia, assassinated (1896–1923).
- Humbert Torres - Physician and politician, vicepresident of the Generalitat de Catalunya, member of the Spanish Parliament.
- Màrius Torres - Symbolist poet (1910–1942)
- Jaume Ulled - stage actor (born 1978)
- Josep Vallverdú - writer (born 1923)
- Salvador Vázquez de Parga - essayist, comic book historian (born 1934)
- Ricardo Viñes - Classical pianist and composer (1875–1943)
Main sights[link]
- Seu Vella, a Cathedral built in a blend of Romanesque and Gothic styles over the time, and made a military fortress in the 18th century and the older, and mostly destroyed Palau de la Suda, built during the Arab rule and later used as royal residence by the Counts of Barcelona and Kings of Aragon. Both medieval buildings are situated over the so-called Turó de la Seu, a medium-sized hill that dominates the town.
- Seu Nova, the baroque Cathedral used since Bourbon rule. It was burnt during the Spanish Civil War by the anarchists commanded by Durruti.
- Institut d'Estudis Ilerdencs, used to be a hospital (Antic Hospital de Santa Maria) built in a Gothic style, but nowadays it is an historical museum and research centre open to visitors, with historically significant objects and art from the Iberian, Roman, Arab, medieval and modern times, as well as an exhibition area usually showcasing contemporary local artists.
- La Paeria, the city council and also, a historical site with remains and pieces of art from Roman times, to the Moorish rule, to Mediaeval and Modern times, including old prison cells.
- Gardeny. It is a hill hosting a fortress built between the 12th and 13th centuries. Used by the Knights Templar in the Middle Ages after the area (a fifth of the town) had been granted to them by king Ramon Berenguer IV.
- The gardens known as Camps Elisis, already used by the Romans. It has the fountain of the mermaid.
- La Mitjana, a park with wilderness areas. There stands too a dam on the river Segre.
- Les Basses d'Alpicat, a park. It's currently closed, awaiting reforms.
- Church of Sant Llorenç, a 12th century romanesque church with 15th century gothic additions. The interior is well preserved.
- The Bishop of Lleida's Palace on Rambla d'Aragó also serves as an art museum showing pieces included in the styles spanning from Romanesque to Baroque.
- El Roser, a 13th century convent built by the Dominican Order. It hosted a fine arts academy of the same name and is currently controversially reformed into a parador (a luxury hotel using a historical location).
- Lleida Public Library, on Rambla d'Aragó, hosted in the building previously known as La Maternitat, a mid-19th century orphanage.
- Museum of Lleida, opened in 2008, and owned by the Diocese of Lleida focusing on the town's history. Some of the artifacts it contains, which come from areas not belonging to the province of Lleida's territory and jurisdiction, have been object of contention with the neighbouring dioceses and the government autonomous community of Aragon.
- Sala Cristòfol, a museum devoted to the works of artist Leandre Cristòfol.
- Sala Mercat del Pla, an art gallery.
- Museu d'Art Jaume Morera, an art museum.
- Centre d'Art de la Panera, a small contemporary art institution.
- Museu de l'Aigua.
- Auditori Enric Granados, Lleida's foremost concert hall. Next to its basement, and publicly displayed are visible ancient ruins.
- La Llotja de Lleida, a concert hall, theatre, opera and congress hall opened in 2010.
Sports[link]
Lleida has been always a city with great sport tradition. Probably the most famous sport at the present time is basketball, because the club of basketball of the city a few years ago ascended to the ACB, being the revelation team in the league, this caused a lot of boys and girls to become fond of this little well-known sport.
- Unió Esportiva Lleida, based on the Camp d'Esports
- CE Lleida Bàsquet, based on the Pavelló Barris Nord
- Lleida Llista Blava
Sister cities[link]
Lleida has sister relationships with many places worldwide: [13] [14]
References in culture[link]
The city is the subject of the Catalan folk song La Presó de Lleida, "The prison of Lleida", which was already attested in the 17th century and may be even older. It's a very popular tune, covered by many artists such as Joan Manuel Serrat.[15]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Antonine Itinerary pp. 391, 452.
- ^ To quote Julius Caesar, "propter ipsius loci opportunitatem", Commentarii de Bello Civili i. 38.
- ^ Julius Caesar Commentarii de Bello Civili i. 38, et seq.; Florus iv. 12; Appian, B.C. ii. 42; Velleius Paterculus ii. 42; Suetonius Caes. 34; Lucan, Pharsal. iv. 11, 144.
- ^ Strabo iii. p. 161; Horat. Epist. i. 20. 13; coins, ap. Florez, Med. ii. pp. 451, 646, iii. p. 73; Théodore Edme Mionnet, vol. i. p. 44, Suppl. vol. i. p. 89; Sestini, pp. 161, 166; Eckhel, vol. i. p. 51.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Noves sl. primavera-estiu 2005. El repte dels plans pilots per a l'impuls del coneixement i l'us de la llengua catalana: del coneixement a l'ús social, per Dolors Solà". .gencat.net. http://www6.gencat.net/llengcat/noves/hm05primavera-estiu/sola1_3.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ e-barcelona.org. "Lleida se estrena como capital de la cultura catalana durante 2007 :: e-barcelona.org :: Fòrum de Cultura, democratitzem la democràcia". e-barcelona.org. http://e-barcelona.org/index.php?name=News&file=article&sid=8236. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ "El Museu del Ferrocarril de Lleida s'ubicarĂ a l'estaciĂł de la Vilanoveta". Bondia.cat. http://www.bondia.cat/component/content/article/63-societat/9612-el-museu-del-ferrocarril-de-lleida-subicara-a-lestacio-de-la-vilanoveta. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ http://www.transportpublic.org/images/pdf/20100118-balaguer1.pdf
- ^ "CCOO de les Terres de Lleida. - El tren-tram, transport de futur per a l'àrea de Lleida - www.ccoo.cat/lleida". Ccoo.cat. 2010-01-19. http://www.ccoo.cat/lleida/aspnet/noticia.aspx?id=118457. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ "Responsables de Ferrocarrils de Cataluña visitan el TRAM para llevar el modelo a Lleida y Manresa". elperiodic.com. 2009-02-21. http://www.elperiodic.com/palicante/noticias/29639_responsables-ferrocarrils-catalua-visitan-tram-para-llevar-modelo-lleida-manresa.html. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ musiquesdisperses.com
- ^ "Viles agermanades - Lleida - Perpignan la Catalane" (in French). mairie-perpignan.fr. http://www.mairie-perpignan.fr/index.php?np=909&lg=CA. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
- ^ "INFO POINT EUROPA. Ajuntament de Lleida.La UE i Lleida" (in Catalan). infopoint.paeria.es. http://infopoint.paeria.es/temes_clau/UE_Lleida.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
- ^ "SegriЯ. "La presз de Lleida", romanу". Xtec.cat. http://www.xtec.cat/~evicioso/segria/preso.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lleida |
- Official web site of the city council of Lleida
- Video of the Seu Vella of Lleida
- Website of the University of Lleida
- Tourism information of Lleida
- Internet Portal of the town
- Unió Esportiva Lleida. The most important Football Club in the city.
- U.E Lleida Forum
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| David Bisbal | |
|---|---|
 David Bisbal in August 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | David Bisbal Ferre |
| Born | (1979-06-05) June 5, 1979 (age 33) Almería, Spain |
| Genres | Latin pop, pop |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Signature Records, Wrasse Records (UK) |
| Website | www.davidbisbal.com |
David Bisbal Ferré (born in Almería, Spain on June 5, 1979) is a Grammy-winning Spanish pop singer. He gained his initial fame as a runner up on the interactive reality television show Operación Triunfo.
He has since released four studio albums, all of which topped the Spanish Albums Chart, in addition to recording a number of live albums. He's toured throughout Europe and Latin America and is now considered to be a crossover international artist.
Until 2012, David Bisbal has sold more than 5 million records in Spain and America, getting 35 Platinum albums, 17 gold and 2 diamond. 'Corazón Latino' and 'Bulería' treasure each one IFPI Platinum Award, official certification for selling over 1 million copies across Europe.
Contents |
[edit] Beginnings: Operación Triunfo
David Bisbal left school early and worked in a platinum and flower nursery. He was encouraged by his colleagues to audition for a music contest and he initially became part of Orquesta Expresiones where he continued singing and dancing.
In October 2001 he auditioned for the first ever edition of Operación Triunfo (Spanish equivalent of Star Academy) where he was accepted and was one of the 16 finalists. The grand prize was the chance of representing Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest. He came second in the final losing to Rosa López. She went on to sing Europe's Living a Celebration for Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 2002 (ESC) competition.
Career[link]
Bisbal signed a contract with Vale Music Record label and released his first album recorded in Miami under the title "Corazón Latino" with Kike Santander. The album became 7 times platinum by summer 2002 after having topped the Spanish charts. The first single from the album, called Ave Maria, had a phenomenal success. After winning the Latin Grammys, the album went platinum (over 1 million sales).
In February 2004, he released his second album entitled "Bulería" again produced by his friend Kike Santander. It found similar success in Spain and throughout Latin America turning diamond with more than 1 million albums sold in Spain alone, becoming the best Spanish seller of 2004.
In March 2005, he also released a DVD "Todo Por Ustedes" that contained live registrations of some of his concerts in the United States, Latin America and Spain.
"Premonición" became the third studio album by David Bisbal released on 3 October 2006. By the end of its first week of release, it had achieved enough sales to be certified as 5 times platinum with sales over 400,000 copies in Spain alone.
On October 20, 2009, Bisbal released Sin Mirar Atrás, receiving positive reviews[1] On the track "Aqui Ahora", which is features on the album Premonicion, David worked with writer/producer DJ Sammy.
Youth and early[link]
David Bisbal was born on June 5, 1979 in Almería ( Spain ), son of José Bisbal, a professional boxer and part of a trio of flamenco music, and Maria Ferre. He is the youngest of three siblings, a brother named José María and a sister named María del Mar. He loved to perform in public. During his childhood as a child showed a talent for performing, but was always very shy about doing so. He dropped out of school in third year of school(ninth year), and his father took him to work for Ranger (Gardener) at the municipal nursery in Almeria, which was his first job. Years later he met the producer of the Orchestra Expressions, who discovered David singing, and after listening to and discovering his vocal quality, offered him employment as the main voice of the orchestra. David began working there in the Orchestra Expressions, a band very popular Almeria. He gradually began to develop as a singer, and to discover his passion for music. Having been in the orchestra, David went to the auditions for Pop Idol, in Barcelona, Spain. In 2001, he was one of 16 contestants from the first Spanish edition of ' Idol 'contest designed to choose the representative for the festival' Eurovision 'of that year. Finally he came in second place to Rosa Lopez . Bisbal also performed at Eurovision with Rosa Lopez, David Bustamante, Chenoa, Gisela and Geno, in the chorus.
2002-2003: international launch debut album[link]
Once completed Idol, signed a contract with Vale Music company that offered the opportunity to record his first solo debut album. This one, entitled 'Corazón Latino', was released in summer 2002, recorded in Miami with production Kike Santander . The album reached number one in its first week to debut sold over 600,000 copies, breaking sales records, disk was maintained for seven consecutive weeks at number one on the charts in Spain . With more than 900,000 copies sold in Spain, Bisbal was released to the Spanish-speaking countries, to promote his debut album, the disc would be released on October 15 . In 2003, in January Bisbal friend picked up the award in January in Madrid's Palacio de Cristal de la Arganzuela. On October 31 he began his first tour in America, in Argentina, where he visited 12 countries and 17 live concerts. In November it went on sale in Mexico a special edition of "Corazón Latino".
2004-2005: Bulería, the second million[link]
On 7 January premiered the first single from their second album "Bulería" which reached number 656 in the charts and radio stations of Spain and America . On February 11 was released Bulería the same name as the first single. The album debuted at number on the charts in Spain where he sold over 300,000 copies in a week, also reached in two weeks to get disc gold in Colombia and Venezuela . In November he set foot on Germany to promote the duo with singer Joana Zimmer, a duet with the song 'Let's make history', days after submitting the video to Joana Zimmer, David also appeared at the gala 'tribute to Rocío Jurado', singing with the singer.
2006-2008: The Gift and his time in Europe and Japan[link]
His first single was made in August entitled 'Who was going to say', got to be number one in the charts and radio stations of Spain and America . On October 3 he released his third album called "Premonition", "reached number one on his debut, where he achieved five platinum albums, more than 900,000 copies distributed. On October 24 he performed in Strasbourg , the seat of European Parliament in Strasbourg where he gave an exclusive concert, in which he played the songs from his album, to representatives of 25 member countries. The album was kept for 1 month at number one on the Spanish list. The singer won the Ondas Awards held at the Musical Theatre of Barcelona , at the 53 th Gala Awards and the Golden Microphone in the music category. In 2007 , in January , his second single 'silenced' comnsecutivas stayed for eight weeks at number one in the top 40, In 2008 , Bisbal sang a duet with Rihanna in the song 'Hate That I Love You' which includes the reissue of the album 'Good girl, gone bad'. Whith G-unit
2009-present: No looking back[link]
In summer, the singer gave several concerts by some countries in Europe. Bisbal while he was putting the finishing touches on this new album called Do not look back . The first single from the album, entitled "Slave kisses" under the production of Mexican Armando Avila. Its world premiere was on August 24 and the video came out on 7 September . Has been one of the most successful singles David throughout his career, reaching number 1 in sales and radio in Spain, USA and Latin America. On January 9, 2010 Promusicae announced that the single slave to his kisses and was double platinum by its more than 80,000 copies sold in Spain and platinum in Argentina for more than 20,000 copies sold. Their second single was "My Princess." The song "24 Hours" made by Espinoza Paz Mexico, the third single in the U.S. and Latin America, was presented at the Billboard Awards Gala 2010, while in Spain the single was "Do not look back", a song that gives title track. now makes a guest appearance on the soap opera that money to us part . On November 14, 2010 he was presented in the United States Gold Disc for sales of his album Do not look back in USA and Puerto Rico.
2010-present: Heirs[link]
Well as Ricardo Montaner musicalized the phenomenon Valiant (The Thirteen) last year, and as bastard also opted for a foreigner (Carlos Matari) for curtain, soap opera will come to another international star as the voice of openness. The Spanish David Bisbal sing especially for Heirs of revenge. "Kabbalah?
The recorded history that began last week and will star Luciano Castro Romina Gaetani and have as a backdrop to the track named heirs. The authors are the very Bisbal, more Sebastian Bazan and Karen Oliver. The footage was filmed in Puerto Madero. It was in October, during the tour de Almería man held by Argentina. Famous after participating in the reality Operación triunfo (Spanish version) and its hit Bulería, drew up now as a ballad Bisbal true to form. The musical direction was by Nicolas Repetto-care, Nico is not the driver, and the production is Metronome Music.
The love story will pass in Vidisterra, people (fictional) famous for its vineyards, which Mercedes (Gaetani) and Antonio (Castro) will burn with passion, promise, devastating.
International Appeal[link]
Internationally David Bisbal enjoys popularity in a great number of countries.
- On September 3, 2003, he won the Latin Grammies held in Miami from the category "Best New Artist". During the event, He sang Angels,[2] with Jessica Simpson. He also launched a big promotional tour in Latin America with sold-out concerts Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and others.
- In 2008, he recorded Hate That I Love You (Odio Amarte),[3] a Spanglish version with Rihanna. He achieved European success in England, Germany, Belgium, Russia and Romania in addition to great success in Japan.
- In 2009, he recorded "Sufriras" a Spanglish duet with singer Pixie Lott, eventually released as a bonus track on the Deluxe Edition of his fourth studio album, Sin Mirar Atrás.
- In 2010 David was featured in the Spanish version of the FIFA 2010 Official World Cup song Waving Flag with Somali-Canadian Musician K'naan who is the original artist of the song.
- In 2011 David recorded a song for the TV series "Herederos" in Argentina. The song is called "Herederos" and David has sold over 300,000 copies of the cd "Sin Mirar Atrás Tour" in Argentina.
Discography[link]
All discography information obtained from the David Bisbal Official Website
Albums[link]
| Year | Title | Chart positions | Sales and Certification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPA | US Latin | GER | SWI | AUT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2002 | Corazón Latino
|
1 | 13 | – | – | – | Worldwide sales: 1,700,000[4] Spain sales: 1,300,000[5] PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 13x Platinum |
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| 2004 | Bulería
|
1 | 5 | – | – | – | Worldwide sales: 1,300,000[6] Spain sales: 1,000,000[7] PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 10x Platinum |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | Todo Por Ustedes
|
1 | 64 | – | – | – | Worldwide sales: 100,000[8] Spain sales: 75,000[9] PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 1x Gold |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2006 | David Bisbal
|
18 | – | 134 | – | – | Worldwide sales: 150,000[10] Spain sales: 40,000[11] PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: Gold |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premonición
|
1 | 6 | 41 | 26 | 27 | Worldwide sales: 950,000[12] Spain sales: 400,000 PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 5x Platinum |
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| 2007 | Premonición Live
|
5 | 75 | – | – | – | Worldwide sales: 100,000 Spain sales: 40,000 PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 1x Gold |
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| 2009 | Sin Mirar Atrás
|
1 | 1 | – | 81 | – | Worldwide sales: 550,000+ Spain sales: 200,000+ PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 3x Platinum |
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| 2011 | Una noche en el teatro real
|
1 | – | – | – | Spain sales: 75,000 PROMUSICAE Spanish certification: 3x Platinum |
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| "—" denotes the album failed to chart or not released | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singles[link]
| Year | Title | Album | Chart positions | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPA | US Latin | GER | FRA | SWI | AUT | ARG | CHIL | IA | MEX | COL | |||
| 2002 | "Corazón Latino" | Corazón Latino | Promo | ||||||||||
| "Ave María" | 1 | 8 | 12 | 7 | 18 | 29 | 24 | ||||||
| "Lloraré Las Penas" | 1 | 3 | 10 | 17 | 25 | ||||||||
| "Dígale" | 1 | 15 | 5 | 17 | |||||||||
| 2003 | "Quiero Perderme En Tu Cuerpo" | 24 | |||||||||||
| "Cómo Será" | |||||||||||||
| "Rosa y Espinas" (with David Civera) | La Chiqui Big Band | 1 | |||||||||||
| 2004 | "Bulería" | Bulería | 1 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 15 | 9 | |||||
| "Oye El Boom" | 1 | 5 | 7 | 17 | 13 | ||||||||
| "Desnúdate Mujer" | 6 | 16 | 24 | ||||||||||
| "Camina Y Ven" | 1 | 40 | |||||||||||
| 2005 | "Me Derrumbo" | 5 | |||||||||||
| "Cómo Olvidar" | 1 | ||||||||||||
| "Esta Ausencia" | 7 | 18 | 13 | ||||||||||
| "Todo Por Ustedes" | Todo Por Ustedes | ||||||||||||
| 2006 | "Let’s Make History" (with Joana Zimmer) | David Bisbal | 5 | 48 | 23 | ||||||||
| "Quien Me Iba A Decir" | Premonición | 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 33 | 13 | |||||
| "Silencio" | 1 | 32 | 13 | 10 | 6 | 62 | |||||||
| "Soldado De Papel" (with Tomatito) | Promo | ||||||||||||
| 2007 | "Amar Es Lo Que Quiero" | 6 | 23* | 24* | |||||||||
| "Torre De Babel" (with Vicente Amigo & Wisin & Yandel) | 1 | 10 | |||||||||||
| "Premonición" | 6 | ||||||||||||
| 2008 | "Hate That I Love You (Spanglish version)" (with Rihanna) | Premonición Live | 2 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 26 | ||||||
| 2009 | "Esclavo de Sus Besos" | Sin Mirar Atrás | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| "Mi Princesa" | 1 | 35 | 34 | 12 | 90 | 1 | |||||||
| 2010 | "Wavin' Flag (Coca Cola Spanish Celebration Mix) (with K'Naan) | Single-only release | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| "Sin Mirar Atrás" | Sin Mirar Atrás (and 24 Horas edition) |
42 | 17 | 76 | |||||||||
| "24 horas" | 27 | 8 | |||||||||||
| 2012 | "Sombra y luz" | Una noche en el teatro real |
32 | ||||||||||
Notes[link]
- ^ MundoSix: First look at Sin Mirar Atrás
- ^ Duet of Angels by Jessica Simpson and David Bisbal during the Latin Grammies
- ^ Rihana video Hate That I Love You featuring David Bisbal
- ^ "Corazón Latino Certifications"
- ^ "Corazón Latino Certifications"
- ^ "Bulería" Certifications"
- ^ "Bulería" Certifications"
- ^ "Todo Por Usted" Certification
- ^ "Todo Por Usted" Certification
- ^ "David Bisbal" Certification
- ^ "David Bisbal" Certification
- ^ "Premonición" Certification
External links[link]
- Official website
- David Bisbal on Twitter
- David Bisbal Romania
- Comunidad Gyggs
- Portal Mix Fan Site
- David's UK Label
- Concerts, News and Videoclips of Bisbal(Spanish)
- Portal Mix David Bisbal Site
- David Bisbal UK Site (in English)
- David Bisbal at MTV
- Interview with David Bisbal about his new album Premonición
- Dutch Fan Site
- David Bisbal Spanish Fan Site
- David Bisbal Browser
- Official German Fanclub-David Bisbal-Siempre a tu lado
- David Bisbal at Acceso Total Show
Preceded by Barbados |
OGAE Second Chance Contest winner 2002 |
Succeeded by Alcazar |
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bisbal, David |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Spanish singer |
| Date of birth | June 5, 1979 |
| Place of birth | Almería, Spain |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/David_Bisbal
Related pages:
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http://ru.wn.com/Бисбаль, Давид
http://nl.wn.com/David Bisbal
http://pt.wn.com/David Bisbal
http://fr.wn.com/David Bisbal
http://de.wn.com/David Bisbal
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bisbal
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
