Mbundu
Kimbundu
Spoken in	Angola
Region	Malanje Province
Native speakers	3 million  (1999)
Language family	Niger–Congo Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Bantu (Zone H) Kimbundu languages (H.20) Mbundu
Language codes
ISO 639-2	kmb
ISO 639-3	kmb

North Mbundu, or Kimbundu, one of two Bantu languages called Mbundu (see Umbundu), is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola, concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu; (Ambundu is the short form for Akwa Mbundu and 'Akwa' means 'from', or 'of', or more originally 'originally from' and 'belonging to'. In Kimbundu language the particle Akwa is shortened into simply A, so that instead of Akwa Mbndu it becomes Ambundu; similarly the term Akwa Ngola becomes ANgola, then Angola; Ngola was title for kings in Northern Angolan kingdom in the past, before the Portuguese invasion).

There are ten dialects of Kimbundu, Ngola, Dembo, Jinga, Bondo, Bângala, Ibaco, Luanda, Quibala, Libolo, and Quissama. However, this classification is European, not Angolan. There is no way to accurately determine the variations in Kimbundu dialects, because most villages were the language is spoken have not been visited; and there appear to be no experts on this matter considering that Angola lacks professionals capable of providing solid information on this.

During the Portuguese colonial period, a 1919 decree banned the use of local languages in schools and made Portuguese obligatory. This heavily reduced the use of Kimbundu amongst educated and urban populations in favour of Portuguese. On the other hand, Kimbundu was learned by a significant part of the Portuguese population of the region, and many Kimbundu words passed into the everyday Portuguese spoken there. In the 1960s and 1970s, even white and racially mixed musical groups used to sing songs in Kimbundu, e.g. "Monami" and "Kamba iyami".

In part of the Malanje Province culturally "assimilated" Ambundu populations produced a mix of Kimbundu and Portuguese called Ambaca, whose speakers are called Ambaquistas.

Script[link]

The Kimbundu script was developed by Capuchin and Jesuit missionaries. While they produced many texts and grammars, most of them demonstrated a fundamental misunderstanding or oversimplification of the Kimbundu language. The unfortunate effects of this are still felt today, though, since independence, great strides to elaborate and codify the orthography and grammar of the most important languages spoken in Angola, and recognised as "national languages", have been made.

Kimbundu uses the relatively shallow orthography standardized by the ruling MPLA for use in all Angolan "national languages". Important differences from the Portuguese-based orthography used by the colonizers include the omission of the consonant "r" (since there is no [r] in Kimbundu) and the rules governing vowel orthography (diphthongs are not allowed and vowels are thus changed to "w" or "y" depending on the environment). It has 5 vowels (a, e, i, o, u), the u also having the function of a semi-vowel. Certain consonants are represented by two letters, such as mb in mbambi (gazelle), or nj in njila (bird).

Vocabulary[link]

• muthu, "person",
• kima, "thing";
• kudya, "food";
• tubya, "fire";
• lumbu, "wall"
• kamba, "friend"

Some Kimbundu words were influential to Romance languages like Portuguese, with words like banjo (supposedly from mbanza), bwe, baza, kuatu, kamba, arimo, mleke, quilombo (from kilombo), quimbanda, tanga, xinga, bunda, etc.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Map of Mbundu (Kimbundu) language from the LL-Map Project
• Information about Mbundu language from the MultiTree Project
• Emuseum article on Kimbundu
• Ethnologue report on Kimbundu
• PanAfrican L10n page on Kimbundu
• Kimbundu people
• People Profiles - North Mbundu of Angola
• Ethnic groups of Angola

v t e  Languages of Angola Official Portuguese National Ju  · Kimbundu  · Kongo  · Kung  · Kwadi  · Kwanyama  · Lunda  · Ndonga  · Oshiwambo  · Portuguese · Umbundu  · Yauma Native Bolo  · Diriku  · Holu  · Khwe  · Kilari  · Kisikongo  · Kung-Ekoka  · Kwadi  · Kwangali  · Lingala  · Lucazi  · Luimbi  · Lunda  · Luvale  · Luyana  · Maligo  · Mashi  · Mbangala  · Mbukushu  · Mbwela  · Ndombe  · Ngandyera  · Nkangala  · Nkumbi  · Nyaneka  · Nyemba  · Nyengo  · !O!ung  · Ruund  · Sama  · Songo  · Umbundu  · Yaka  · Yauma  · Yombe  · Zemba Dialects [Côkwe] Minungo, Ulanda, Ukhongo  · [Holu] Yeci  · [Khwe] Buma-Kxoe  · [Kikongo] South Kongo, South-West Kongo, West Kongo, Ibinda (Cabindan, Fiote, Fioti), Ndingi, Mboka, Kisikongo, Kizombo, Kindibu, Kimanyanga, Cabinda Kiwoyo, Cabinda Kiyombe  · [Mbundu] Njinga (Ginga, Jinga), Mbamba (Kimbamba, Bambeiro), Mbaka (Ambaquista), Ngola  · [Portuguese] Benguelense, Huambense, Luandense, Southern  · [Kwadi] Zorotua (Vasorontu)  · [Kwangali] Sambyu (Shisambyu, Sambiu, Sambio)  · [Lucazi] Ngangela  · [Luyana] Kwandi, Mbowe (Esimbowe), Mdundulu (Ndundulu, Imilangu), Mishulundu  · [Mashi] North Kwandu, South Kwandu  · [Mbangala] Mbangala, Yongo  · [Ngandyera] Kwambi  · [Nkumbi] Nkumbi-mulondo  · [Nyaneka] Humbe, Mwila (Olumuila, Muila, Huila), Ngambwe (Olungambwe), Handa, Cipungu, Cilenge  · [Oshiwambo] Kwanyama, Ndonga, Kwambi, Mbadja  · [Umbundu] Mbalundu  · [Yaka] Ngoongo  · [Yombe] Mbala (Mumbala), Vungunya (Kivungunya, Yombe Classico)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2010)

João Batista da Silva, best known as Batista (born in Porto Alegre, 8 March 1955) is a former Brazilian footballer in defensive midfielder role.

International career[link]

Batista won 38 international caps for Brazil from April 1978 to June 1983, but did not score a goal. He played also in two editions of the FIFA World Cup, in 1978 and 1982.^[1] In the 1978 tournament, Batista played throughout all seven of Brazil’s matches, with the team not losing a single match, and only conceding three goals. Brazil failed to qualify for the final on goal difference.

In 1982, Batista was a reserve. He played once as a substitute for Zico, coming on in the final minutes against Argentina. Famously, Diego Maradona was sent off for his foul on Batista as his team were about to be knocked out of the competition.

Clubs[link]

• Internacional: 1975–1981.
• Grêmio: 1982.
• Palmeiras: 1983.
• Lazio: 1983–1985.
• Avellino: 1985.
• Belenenses: 1985–1987.
• Avaí: 1988–1989.

Honours[link]

• Campeonato Gaúcho: Four time (1975, 1976, 1978 and 1981)
• Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: (1975, 1976 and 1979)
• Campeonato Catarinense: 1988.

References[link]

v t e Brazil squad – 1978 FIFA World Cup Third Place 1 Leão 2 Toninho 3 Oscar 4 Amaral 5 Toninho Cerezo 6 Edinho 7 Zé Sérgio 8 Zico 9 Reinaldo 10 Rivelino 11 Dirceu 12 Carlos 13 Nelinho 14 Abel 15 Polozzi 16 Rodrigues Neto 17 Batista 18 Gil 19 Jorge Mendonça 20 Roberto Dinamite 21 Chicão 22 Waldir Peres Coach: Coutinho

v t e Brazil squad – 1982 FIFA World Cup 1 Waldir Peres 2 Leandro 3 Oscar 4 Luizinho 5 Toninho Cerezo 6 Júnior 7 Paulo Isidoro 8 Sócrates 9 Serginho 10 Zico 11 Éder 12 Paulo Sérgio 13 Edevaldo 14 Juninho 15 Falcão 16 Edinho 17 Pedrinho 18 Batista 19 Renato 20 Roberto Dinamite 21 Dirceu 22 Carlos Coach: Telê Santana

This biographical article related to a Brazilian association football midfielder born in the 1950s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e