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- author: Nagabhushana Rao
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- Adi Shankara
- Advaita
- Advaita Vedanta
- Akṣapāda Gotama
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- Bamakhepa
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Hampi
Hampi (Kannada: ಹಂಪೆ Hampe) is a village in northern Karnataka state, India. It is located within the ruins of Vijayanagara, the former capital of the Vijayanagara Empire. Predating the city of Vijayanagara, it continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, as well as several other monuments belonging to the old city. The ruins are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed as the Group of Monuments at Hampi.
The name is derived from Pampa, which is the old name of the Tungabhadra River on whose banks the city is built. The name "Hampi" is an anglicized version of the Kannada Hampe (derived from Pampa). Over the years, it has also been referred to as Vijayanagara and Virupakshapura (from Virupaksha, the patron deity of the Vijayanagara rulers).
Hampi is identified with the historical Kishkindha, the Vanara (monkey) kingdom mentioned in the Ramayana. The first historical settlements in Hampi date back to 1 CE.
Hampi formed one of the core areas of the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from 1336 to 1565, when it was finally laid siege to by the Deccan Muslim confederacy. Hampi was chosen because of its strategic location, bounded by the torrential Tungabhadra river on one side and surrounded by defensible hills on the other three sides.
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India
India (
i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Vijayanagara
Vijayanagara (Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ) is in Bellary District, northern Karnataka. It is the name of the now-ruined capital city that surrounds modern-day Hampi, of the historic Vijayanagara empire which extended over the southern part of India.
In around 1500 Vijaynagar had 500,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the world after Peking-Beijing and more than twice the size of the biggest European city, Paris. The ruins are now a World Heritage Site.
Most of the city lies on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River. The city was built around the original religious centre of the Virupaksha temple at Hampi. Other holy places lie within its environs, including the site of what is said to be Kishkindha where a Hanuman temple, the cave home of Anjana, Kesari and Shabari, a holy pond named the Pampasarovar are located. It also contains the cave home of Sugriva, the monkey king of the Ramayana.
The city at its greatest extent was considerably larger than the area described here; an account is given at the article on the Vijayanagara metropolitan area. The central areas of the city, which include what are now called the Royal Centre and the Sacred Centre, extend over an area of at least 40 km². It includes the modern village of Hampi. Another village, Kamalapura, lies just outside the old walled city, but is also surrounded by ruins and monuments. The nearest town and railway is in Hosapete, about 13 km (8.1 mi) away by road. Hosapete also lies within the original extents of the old city, though most of the items of interest are within walking distance of Hampi and Kamalapura.
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Warangal
Warangal (
pronunciation (help·info); also known as Orugallu, and Ekasila Nagaram) is a city and a municipal corporation in Warangal district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Warangal is located 148 kilometres (92 mi) northeast of the state capital of Hyderabad and is the administrative headquarters of Warangal District. This district is a combination of three cities: Warangal, Hanamakonda and Kazipet. It has a population of nearly 1 million including Hanamakonda and Kazipet.
Warangal is located at 18°00′N 79°35′E / 18.0°N 79.58°E / 18.0; 79.58. It has an average elevation of 302 metres (990 feet).
Located in the semi-arid Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, Warangal has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers start in March, and peak in May with average high temperatures in the 42 °C (108 °F) range. The monsoon arrives in June and lasts until September with about 550 mm (22 in) of precipitation. A dry, mild winter starts in late November and lasts until early February. With little humidity and average temperatures in the 22–23 °C (72–73 °F) range, this is the best time to visit Warangal.
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Abhinavagupta
Abhinavagupta (Kashmiri: अभिनवगुप्त) (approx. 950 - 1020 AD) was one of India's greatest philosophers, mystics and aestheticians. He was also considered an important musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician - a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture.
He was born in the Valley of Kashmir in a family of scholars and mystics and studied all the schools of philosophy and art of his time under the guidance of as many as fifteen (or more) teachers and gurus. In his long life he completed over 35 works, the largest and most famous of which is Tantrāloka, an encyclopedic treatise on all the philosophical and practical aspects of Trika and Kaula (known today as Kashmir Shaivism). Another one of his very important contributions was in the field of philosophy of aesthetics with his famous Abhinavabhāratī commentary of Nāṭyaśāstra of Bharata Muni.
Abhinavgupt was born into a Kashmiri Pandit family. "Abhinavagupt" was not his real name, rather a title he earned from his master, carrying a meaning of "competence and authoritativeness". Abhinavgupt was a one-word title given to him, and he was most likely from the Kaul clan and therefore a Brahmin. In his analysis, Jayaratha (1150-1200 AD) - who was Abhinavagupta's most important commentator - also reveals three more meanings: "being ever vigilant", "being present everywhere" and "protected by praises". Raniero Gnoli, the only Sanskrit scholar who completed a translation of Tantrāloka in a European language, mentions that "Abhinavagupta" also means "new", as a reference to the ever-new creative force of his mystical experience.
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Adi Shankara
Adi Shankara (Sanskrit: आदिशङ्करः Ādi Śaṅkara, pronounced [aːd̪i ɕəŋkəɾə]) (788 CE - 820 CE), also known as Śaṅkara Bhagavatpādācārya and Ādi Śaṅkarācārya was an Indian sage from Kalady in present day Kerala who consolidated the doctrine of advaita vedānta. His teachings are based on the unity of the ātman and brahman— non-dual brahman, in which brahman is viewed as nirguna brahman, brahman without attributes.
Shankara travelled across the Indian subcontinent to propagate his philosophy through discourses and debates with other thinkers. He is reputed to have founded four mathas ("monasteries"), which helped in the historical development, revival and spread of Advaita Vedanta of which he is known as the greatest revivalist. Adi Shankara is believed to be the organizer of the Dashanami monastic order and the founder of the Shanmata tradition of worship.
His works in Sanskrit concern themselves with establishing the doctrine of advaita (nondualism). He also established the importance of monastic life as sanctioned in the Upanishads and Brahma Sutra, in a time when the Mimamsa school established strict ritualism and ridiculed monasticism. Shankara represented his works as elaborating on ideas found in the Upanishads, and he wrote copious commentaries on the Vedic canon (Brahma Sutra, principal upanishads and Bhagavad Gita) in support of his thesis. The main opponent in his work is the Mimamsa school of thought, though he also offers arguments against the views of some other schools like Samkhya and certain schools of Buddhism.
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Ananda Coomaraswamy
Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy (Tamil: ஆனந்த குமாரசுவாமி, Ānanda Kentiś Kūmaraswāmī) (22 August 1877, Colombo, Ceylon − 9 September 1947, Needham, Massachusetts) was a Ceylonese philosopher and metaphysician, as well as a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly art history and symbolism, and an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West. In particular, he is described as "the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West."
Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy was born in Colombo, Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, to the Ceylonese Tamil legislator and philosopher Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. His father died when Ananda was 2 years old, and Ananda spent much of his childhood and education abroad.
Coomaraswamy moved to England in 1879 and attended Wycliffe College, a preparatory school in Stroud, Gloucestershire, at the age of 12. In 1900, he graduated from University College, London, with a degree in geology and botany. On June 19, 1902, Coomaraswamy married Ethel Mary Partridge, an English photographer, who then traveled with him to Ceylon. Their marriage lasted until 1913. Coomaraswamy's field work between 1902 and 1906 earned him a doctor of science for his study of Ceylonese mineralogy, and prompted the formation of the Geological Survey of Ceylon which he initially directed. While in Ceylon, the couple collaborated on Mediaeval Sinhalese Art; Coomaraswamy wrote the text and Ethel provided the photographs. His work in Ceylon fueled Coomaraswamy's anti-Westernization sentiments. After their divorce, Partridge returned to England, where she later married the writer Philip Mairet.
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Anandamayi Ma
Sri Anandamayi Ma (Bengali: শ্রী আনন্দময়ী মা Sri Anondomoyi Ma; 30 April 1896 - 27 August 1982) was a spiritual personality from East Bengal. Swami Sivananda (Divine Life Society) described her as "the most perfect flower the Indian soil has produced."Precognition, healing and other miracles were attributed to her by her followers.Paramhansa Yogananda translates Anandamayi as "joy-permeated". This name was given to her by her devotees in the 1920s to describe what they saw as her habitual state of divine joy and bliss.
Anandamayi Ma was born Nirmala Sundari (নির্মলা সুন্দরী; Nirmôla Shundori, English: "Immaculate, Beautiful") on 30 April 1896 to Bipinbihari Bhattacharya and Mokshada Sundari Devi in Kheora, Brahmanbaria District, British India, in what is now Bangladesh. Her father, originally from Vidyakut in Tripura, was a Vaishnavite singer known for his devotion. He had a detached persona. They lived in poverty, and lost many children in their infancy. Nirmala attended the village school for approximately two years. Although her teachers were pleased with her ability, her family thought she was dullminded because of her indifference and constantly happy demeanor. When her mother once fell seriously ill, relatives remarked with puzzlement about the child remaining apparently unaffected.
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Annamacharya
Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya (Telugu: శ్రీ తాళ్ళపాక అన్నమాచార్య) (or Annamayya) (May 9, 1408 – February 23, 1503) was the official songmaster of the Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, and a Telugu composer who composed around 36000 keertana songs, many of which were in praise of Venkateswara, the presiding deity of the temple. The musical form of the keertana songs that he composed have strongly influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions, which are still popular among Carnatic music concert artists. Sri Annamacharya is remembered for his saintly life, and is honoured as a great Bhakta/devotee of Bhagwaan Govinda by devotees and saintly singers.
He is believed to have been the reincarnation of the precious sword of lord Vishnu ( Venkateshvara ). He is widely regarded as the Pada-kavita Pitaamaha (grand old man of song-writing) of the Telugu language.
Annamacharya was born on Vaisakha Suddha Pournami in the year Sarwadhari (May 9, 1408) in Tallapaka, a village in current day Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. His wife, Thimmakka, had written Subhadra Kalyanam, and is considered the first female poet in Telugu literature. He was born into a Viswakarma Brahmin family. Their son, Pedda Tirumalacharya, and grandson, Tallapaka Chinnayya, were also composers and poets. The Tallapaka compositions are considered to have dominated and influenced the structure of Carnatic music compositions. Annamacharya lived for 94 years until Phalguna Bahula Dwadasi (12th day after full moon) in the year Dhundhubhi (February 23, 1503).
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Bamakhepa
Bamakhepa (1837–1911) popularly known as the "mad saint" was a Hindu saint, held in great reverence in Tarapith and whose shrine is also located in the vicinity of the Tara temple. Bama-khepa, literally means the mad ("khepa") follower of "left handed" ("Bama" or "Vama" in Sanskrit) path – the Tantric way of worship. Bamakhepa, goddess Tara's ardent devotee lived near the temple and mediated in the cremation grounds. He was a contemporary of another famous Bengali saint Ramakrishna. At a young age, he left his house and came under the tutelage of a saint named Kailsahpathi Baba, who lived in Tarapith. He perfected yoga and Tantric sadhana (worship), which resulted in his becoming the spiritual head of Tarapith. People came to him seeking blessings or cures for their illness, in distress or just to meet him. He did not follow the set rules of the temple and as result was even once roughed up by the temple priests for taking food meant as offering for the deity. It is said: Tara appeared in the dream of Maharani ("Queen") of Natore and told her to feed the saint first as he was her son. After this incident, Bamakhepa was fed first in the temple before the deity and nobody obstructed him. It is believed that Tara gave a vision to Bamakhepa in the cremation grounds in her ferocious form and then took him to her breast.
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Basava
Basava (Kannada: ಬಸವ) (also known as Guru Basavanna (Kannada: ಗುರು ಬಸವಣ್ಣ) or Basaveshwara (Kannada: ಬಸವೇಶ್ವರ), (1134–1196)) was a philosopher, Statesman and a social reformer from present-day Karnataka, India. He was the founder of Lingayatism and is popularly called as Vishwa Guru(Teacher of the World) and Bhakti-Bhandari(Champion of Devotion). His teachings and preachings which are universal, go beyond all boundaries of belief systems. He was a great humanitarian and preached a new way of life wherein the divine experience being the center of life regardless of gender, belief, tradition, religion, caste or social status. The key aspect of his preaching is monotheistic concept of God.
A true visionary with ideas ahead of his time; he envisioned a society that flourished enriching one and all. He was a great mystic of his time and originated a literary revolution through his literary creation called Vachana Sahitya. He was a mystic by temperament, an idealist by choice, a statesman by profession: as he was the Prime Minister of the Southern Kalachuri Empire in South India, a man of letters by taste, a humanist by sympathy, and a social reformer by conviction. Many great yogis and mystics of his time joined his movement enriching it with the essence of divine experience in the form of Vachanas.
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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (also transliterated Caitanya, IAST caitanya mahāprabhu) (1486–1534) was a Vaishnava saint and social reformer in eastern India (specifically present-day Bangladesh and states of West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Manipur, Assam, and Orissa of India) in the 16th century, believed by followers of Gaudiya Vaishnavism to be the full incarnation of Lord Krishna. Sri Krishna Chaitanya was a notable proponent for the Vaishnava school of Bhakti yoga (meaning loving devotion to Krishna/God) based on the philosophy of the Bhagavata Purana and Bhagavad Gita. Specifically, he worshipped the forms of Krishna, popularised the chanting of the Hare Krishna maha mantra and composed the Siksastakam in Sanskrit. His line of followers, known as Gaudiya Vaishnavas, revere him as an Avatar of Krishna in the mood of Radharani who was prophesised to appear in the later verses of the Bhagavata Purana.
He was also sometimes referred to by the names Gaura (Sanskrit for golden one) due to his light skin complexion, and Nimai due to his being born underneath a Neem tree. There are numerous biographies available from the time giving details of Chaitanya's life, the most prominent ones being the Chaitanya Charitamrita of Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami and the earlier Chaitanya Bhagavata of Vrindavana Dasa (both originally written in Bengali but now widely available in English and other languages) and the Chaitanya Mangala, written by Lochana Dasa.
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Dayananda Saraswati
Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati (Hindi:स्वामी दयानन्द सरस्वती, Gujarati: મહષિૅ દયાનંદ સરસ્વતી) (Born:12 February 1824 – Died:30 October 1883. ) was an important Hindu religious scholar, reformer, and founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement. He was the first to give the call for Swarajya – "India for Indians" – in 1876, later taken up by Lokmanya Tilak. Denouncing the idolatry and ritualistic worship prevalent in Hinduism at the time, he worked towards reviving Vedic ideologies. Subsequently the philosopher and President of India, S. Radhakrishnan, called him one of "makers of Modern India," as did Sri Aurobindo.
One of his notable disciples was Shyamji Krishna Varma, who founded India House in London and guided other revolutionaries. Others who were influenced by and followed him included Madam Cama, Pran Sukh Yadav, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Lala Hardayal, Madan Lal Dhingra, Ram Prasad Bismil, Bhagat Singh, Swami Shraddhanand Swami Shradhanad gave Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi the title of Mahatma Gandhi when Gandhi visited Gurukul Kangri along with Madan Mohan Malviya, Mahatma Hansraj and Lala Lajpat Rai. One of his most influential works is the book Satyarth Prakash, which contributed to the Indian independence movement. He was a sanyasi (ascetic) from boyhood, and a scholar, who believed in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
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Dnyaneshwar
Sant Dnyāneshwar (or Sant Jñāneshwar) (Marathi: संत ज्ञानेश्वर) (1275–1296) is also known as Jñanadeva (Marathi: ज्ञानदेव).
He was a 13th century Maharashtrian Hindu saint (Sant - a title by which he is often referred), poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath tradition whose works Bhavartha Deepika (a commentary on Bhagavad Gita, popularly known as "Dnyaneshwari"), and Amrutanubhav are considered to be milestones in Marathi literature.
According to Nath tradition Sant Dnyaneshwar [1] was the second of the four children of Vitthal Govind Kulkarni and Rukmini, a pious couple from Apegaon near Paithan on the banks of the river Godavari. Vitthal had studied Vedas and set out on pilgrimages at a young age. In Alandi, about 30 km from Pune, Sidhopant, a local Yajurveda brahmin, was very much impressed with him and Vitthal married his daughter Rukmini.
After some time, getting permission from Rukmini, Vitthal went to Kashi(Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India), where he met Ramananda Swami and requested to be initiated into sannyas, lying about his marriage. But Ramananda Swami later went to Alandi and, convinced that his student Vitthal was the husband of Rukmini, he returned to Kashi and ordered Vitthal to return home to his family. The couple was excommunicated from the brahmin caste as Vitthal had broken with sannyas, the last of the four ashrams. Four children were born to them; Nivrutti in 1273, Dnyandev (Dnyaneshwar) in 1275, Sopan in 1277 and daughter Mukta in 1279. According to some scholars their birth years are 1268, 1271, 1274, 1277 respectively. It is believed that later Vitthal and Rukmini ended their lives by jumping into the waters at Prayag where the river Ganges meets Yamuna hoping that their children would be accepted into the society after their death.
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Gaudapada
Gaudapada (c. 8th century CE) (also referred as Shri Gaudapadacharya) was a very early guru in the tradition of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. He is traditionally said to have been the grand-guru of the great teacher Adi Shankara, one of the most important figures in Hindu philosophy and also believed to be the founder of Shri Gaudapadacharya Math.
There is some dispute about the date of Shankara, but the most probable date is in the 8th century CE, as per the evidence cited by scholars such as Bhandarkar, K. B. Pathak and Deussen. Gaudapada is said to have been the teacher of Govinda, who was the teacher of Shankara. Shankara himself affirms this and quotes and refers to Gaudapada as the teacher's teacher who knows the tradition of the Vedānta (sampradāya-vit). Therefore, Gaudapada must have lived and taught during the 7th century CE.
The following well known Sanskrit Verse among Smarthas provides the list of the early teachers of the Vedanta in their order.
From this verse we can understand that, first teacher being Lord Narayana himself and line of descent from father to son up-to Sri Shuka Acharya. From Lord Narayana to Sri Shuka Acharya the line of succession is known as Vamsarsi-Parampara and from Sri Gaudapadcharya starts the descent of Sanyasins and known as Manava-Guru-Sampradaya.
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Jagannatha Dasa
Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada: ಜಗನ್ನಾಥ ದಾಸ) (1728–1809), a native of Manvi town in the Raichur district, Karnataka state, India, is considered one of the notable Haridasa ("devotee of the Hindu god Vishnu") saint-poets of the Kannada language. Apart from authoring numerous well-known devotional songs that propagate the Vaishnava bhakti ("faith"), Jagannatha Dasa wrote the Harikathamritasara in the native shatpadi (six-line verse) metre and Tattva suvvali in the native tripadi (three-line verse) metre. He was also an accomplished scholar in the Sanskrit language.
For about a century after Sri Vadirajatirtha (1480–1600), a noted saint-poet, became "Vrindavanastha" the Haridasa devotional cult which propagated the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya through lucid Kannada devotional songs, seemed to wane. The movement however revived in the 18th century under the guidance of Vijaya Dasa, this time centred on the holy town of Mantralayam in modern Andhra Pradesh and a large area covering the Raichur district in modern Karnataka. The poetry written by these later day saints closely followed the style established by the 15th and 16th century saints of the Haridasa cadre. The Haridasa contribution to Hindu mysticism and the Bhakti literature overall is similar to the contributions of the Alvars and Nayanmars of modern Tamil Nadu and that of the devotional saint-poets of Maharashtra and Gujarat. According to the scholar H.S. Shiva Prakash, about 300 saint-poets from this cadre enriched Kannada literature during the 18th–19th centuries.
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Jaimini
Jaimini was an ancient Indian rishi (sage), who was a great philosopher of the Mimansa school of Indian philosophy. He was the disciple of the great Rishi Veda Vyasa, the son of Rishi Parashara.
Jaimini is most known for his great treatise Purva Mimamsa Sutras (“First Reflection”), or Karma-mimamsa (“Study of Ritual Action”), a system that investigates the nature of Vedic injunctions. The text founded the Purva-Mimamsa school of Ancient Indian philosophy, one of the six Darsanas or schools of Ancient Indian philosophy.
Dated to ca. the 3rd century BC, the text contains about 3,000 sutras and is the foundational text of the Mimamsa school. The text aims at an exegesis of the Vedas with regard to ritual practice (karma) and religious duty (dharma), commenting on the early Upanishads. Jaimini's Mimamsa is a ritualist counter-movement to the mysticist Vedanta currents of his day. He was commented upon by Śābara in the early centuries CE.
He is also considered the author of epic work, Jaimini Bharata, which presents a version of Mahabharata, which most known for its Aswamedha parva.
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Jayadeva
Jayadeva (Oriya: ଜୟଦେବ, Sanskrit: जयदेव) was a Sanskrit poet circa 1200 AD. He is most known for his composition, the epic poem Gita Govinda, which depicts the divine love of Krishna-an avatar of Vishnu and his consort, Radha, and it is mentioned that Radha is greater than Hari, and is considered an important text in the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. He was born to a Hindu Brahmin family
Jayadeva was born in Kenduli Sasan (formerly Kendubilva), in the Prachi valley, Khurda district in Orissa.[citation needed]Kenduli Sasan is a village near the famous temple city of Puri. At the time of Jayadeva's birth, Orissa was under the rule of Eastern Ganga dynasty king Chodaganga Deva. It was during the reign of this monarch and his son and successor, Raghava, that Jayadeva composed his Sanskrit epics. Chodaganga Deva, originally a Shaiva, was strongly influenced by the devotion to Krishna in and around Puri and became a Vaishnava devotee of Krishna himself.
The poet's parents were named Bhojadeva and Ramadevi. From temple inscriptions it is now known that Jayadeva received his education in Sanskrit poetry from a place called Kurmapataka, possibly near Konark in Orissa. Later on, Jayadeva married Padmavati, who according to temple inscriptions, may have been an accomplished temple dancer on her own right.
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Jayanta Bhatta
Jayanta Bhatta (c. 9th Century CE) was a Kashmiri poet and philosopher of Nyaya school of Indian philosophy. In his philosophical treatise Nyayamanjari and drama Agamadambara, Jayanta mentioned about the king Shankaravarman (883 – 902 CE) as his contemporary. Also, his son Abhinanda in his Kadambari-kathasara, mentioned that the great grandfather of Jayanta was a minister of king Lalitaditya of 8th Century CE. So most probably Jayanta belonged to the last quarter of 9th Century CE.
From Abhinanda’s Kadambari-kathasara (5-12), we came to know about the genealogy of Jayanta. His ancestor Shakti was a Brahman of Bharadvaja gotra from Gauda, who settled at Darvabhisara, a place at the border of Kashmir. His son was Mitra and grandson was Shaktisvamin. Shaktisvamin, great grandfather of Jayanta was a minister of Karkota dynasty king of Kashmir Lalitaditya Muktapida (c. 724 – 761 CE). Jayanta in Nyayamanjari mentioned that his grandfather obtained a village named Gauramulaka (probably located north of Rajouri) from the king. The name of Jayanta’s father was Chandra.
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Jayatirtha
Jayatirtha or Seer Jayateertharu (ca. 1365 – ca. 1388) was the sixth pontiff of Sri Madhvacharya Peetha. He is one of the most important seers in the Dvaita philosophy on account of his elucidations of Sri Ananda Teertha's masterpieces. He is the one who elucidated Sri Madhvacharya’s philosophy clearly and simply so as to be understood by the common man which helped much to spread the Madhva philosophy.
He was born as Dhondupant (a.k.a. Dhondurao) to Raghunath and Sakubai Deshpande. His birthplace is Mangalavedhe which lies near Pandharapur in today’s Maharashtra. Because he was born to a local Brahmin chieftain’s family, he had all the wealth, power, affection. He was very handsome, healthy, intelligent, endowed with physical vigor, and given to outdoor activity such as horse riding.
Sri Jayateertha was supposed to have been born as a bull in his previous life – the bull that traveled with Sri Ananda Teertha (another name of Sri Madhvacharya), carrying the volumes of his philosophical works. With such close proximity, the bull would stand and listen to Sri Ananda Teertha’s teachings. When some disciples approached Sri Ananda Teertha to seek the privilege of writing commentaries on his works, he told them it would not be any of them but the bull that would get the privilege. This resulted in jealousy amongst some of the disciples and the bull being cursed by them to die of a snakebite. Sri Anand Teertha came to know about this and changed the wordings of the curse such that the snake that bit the bull would die, and not the bull!
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Kabir
Kabīr (also Kabīra) (Hindi: कबीर, Punjabi: ਕਬੀਰ, Urdu: کبير) (1440–1518) was a mystic poet and saint of India, whose writings have greatly influenced the Bhakti movement. The name Kabir comes from Arabic al-Kabīr which means 'The Great' - the 37th name of God in Islam.
Apart from having an important influence on Sikhism, Kabir's legacy is today carried forward by the Kabir Panth ("Path of Kabir"), a religious community that recognizes him as its founder and is one of the Sant Mat sects. Its members, known as Kabir panthis, are estimated to be around 9,600,000. They are spread over north and central India, as well as dispersed with the Indian diaspora across the world, up from 843,171 in the 1901 census. His writings include Bijak, Sakhi Granth, Kabir Granthawali and Anurag Sagar.
Not much is known of Kabir's birth parents, but it is known that he was brought up in a family of Muslim weavers. He was found by a Muslim weaver named Niru and his wife, Nima, in Lehartara, situated in Varanasi. They adopted the boy and taught him the weaver's trade.
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Kanada
It has been claimed that Kashyapa, later known as Kanada (Sanskrit: कणाद; also transliterated as Canada as well as other forms) was a Hindu sage and philosopher who founded the philosophical school of Vaisheshika and authored the text Vaisheshika Sutra. He talked of Dvyanuka (biatomic molecule) and tryanuka (triatomic molecule).[citation needed] He probably lived around the 2nd century BCE, while other sources claim he lived in the 6th Century BCE. It is believed that he was born in Prabhas Kshetra (near Dwaraka) in Gujarat, India.
His primary area of study was Rasavādam, considered to be a type of alchemy. He is said to have believed that all living beings are composed of five elements: water, fire, earth, air, ether. Vegetables have only water, insects have water and fire, birds have water, fire, earth and air, and Humans, the top of the creation, have ether—the sense of discrimination (time, space, mind) are one. He theorized that Gurutva(Hindi/Sanskrit for Gravity) was responsible for the falling of objects on the Earth.
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Kapila
Kapila (Hindi: कपिल ऋषि) was a Vedic sage credited as one of the founders of the Samkhya school of philosophy. He is prominent in the Bhagavata Purana, which features a theistic version of his Samkhya philosophy. Traditional Hindu sources describe him as a descendant of Manu, a grandson of Brahma. The Bhagavad Gita depicts Kapila as a yogi hermit with highly developed siddhis, or spiritual powers.
Many of the details about sage Kapila's life are described in Book 3 of the Bhagavata Purana, where it is mentioned that his parents were Kardama Muni and Devahuti. Kapila is considered an incarnation of the supreme-being (Narayana) and listed as such in the list of incarnations in Bhagavata Purana .After his father left home, Kapila instructed his mother, Devahuti in the philosophy of yoga and devotional worship of Lord Vishnu, enabling her to achieve liberation (moksha). Kapila's Sankhya is also given by Krishna to Uddhava in Book 11 of the Bhagavata Purana, a passage also known as the "Uddhava Gita".
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Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (Devanagari: कुमारिल भट्ट, fl. roughly AD 700) was a Hindu philosopher and Mimamsa scholar from Assam. He is famous for many of his seminal theses on Mimamsa, such as Mimamsaslokavarttika. Bhaṭṭa was a staunch believer in the supreme validity of Vedic injunction, a great champion of Purva-Mimamsa and a confirmed ritualist. The varttika is mainly written as a subcommentary of Sabara's commentary on Jaimini's Purva Mimamsa Sutra. His philosophy is classified by some scholars as existential realism.
Scholars differ as regards Kumārila's views on a personal God. For example, Manikka Vachakar believed that Kumārila promoted a personal God (Parabrahman), which conflicts with the Mimamsa school. In his varttika Kumārila Bhaṭṭa goes to great lengths to argue against the theory of a creator God and held that the actions enjoined in the Veda had definite results without an external interference.
Bhaṭṭa is also credited with the logical formulation of the Mimamsic belief that the Vedas are unauthored (apaurusheya). In particular his defence against medieval Buddhist position on Vedic rituals, is noteworthy. Some believe that this contributed, to the decline of Buddhism in India because his lifetime coincides with the period in which Buddhism began to decline. Indeed, his dialectical success against buddhists is confirmed by Buddhist historian Tathagatha, who reports that Kumārila defeated disciples of Buddhapalkita, Bhavya, Dharmadasa, Dignaga and others. Though, records from Yi Jing's travelogue show Buddhism continued to proliferate in most of southern and northern India until the late 8th century CE.[citation needed] His work strongly influenced other schools of Indian philosophy, most notably Advaita Vedanta, especially since Vedanta adopts purva Mimamsa's epistemological arguments almost verbatim, with the exception that while Mimamsa considers the Upanishads to be subservient to the Vedas, the Vedanta school does not think so.
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Madhvacharya
Madhvacharya (Tulu: ಶ್ರೀ ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯ, Sanskrit: श्री मध्वाचार्यः Śrī Madhvācāryaḥ) (1238–1317 CE), also known as Purna Prajna and Ananda Tirtha, was the chief proponent of Tattvavāda "Philosophy of Reality", popularly known as the Dvaita (dualism) school of Hindu philosophy. It is one of the three most influential Vedānta philosophies. Madhvācārya was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvācārya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vāyu (Mukhyaprāṇa).
Madhvācārya was born on the auspicious day of Vijaya-daśami (Dussehra) in 1238 CE (AD) at Pājaka, a tiny hamlet near Uḍupi. Nārāyaṇa Paṇḍitācārya who later wrote Madhvācārya's biography has not recorded his parents' names. Traditionally it is believed that Nadillaya Nārāyaṇa Bhaṭṭa as name of the father and Vedavati as Madhvācārya's mother. They named him Vāsudeva at birth. Later he became famous by the names Pūrṇa-prajña, Ānanda-tīrtha and Madhvācārya.
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Manavala Mamunigal
Manavala Mamunigal (1370-1443) was a Hindu religious leader, who during the 15th century in Tamil Nadu, with the help of his eight disciples helped spread Vaishnavism. The disciples of Mamunigal established places of learning to teach Vaishnavite philosophy in Tamil Nadu.
Srirangam in southern India is a celebrated pilgrimage centre. It is the only dhivyakshetram sung by all ten azhwars and Andal. It is called Bhuloka Vaikunta. It is the root of all 108 dhivya kshetras. But over these and several other distinctions, the most outstanding is that the Lord showed here the ideal Acharya in the person of Swamy Manavala Mamuni. Manavala Mamunigal is one of the most well known and significant acharyas of Ramanuja's Sri Vaishnava Tradition-southern sect. Manavala Mamuni is the final acharya of a lineage that begins with the Supreme Being Sriman Narayana, passes through Acharyas such as Yamunacharya, Ramanuja, Embar, Pillai Lokacharya and ends with Manavala Mamuni. Manavala Mamuni is accepted by the Lord of Srirangam, Sri Ranganatha, as His own acharya at Srirangam.
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Meera
Meerabai (c. 1498 – c. 1547 AD) (alternate orthographies: Meera, Mira, Meera Bai) was an aristocratic Hindu mystical singer and devotee of Lord Krishna from Rajasthan and one of the most significant figures of the Sant tradition of the Vaishnava bhakti movement. Some 1,200–1,300 prayerful songs or bhajans attributed to her are popular throughout India and have been published in several translations worldwide. In the bhakti tradition, they are in passionate praise of Lord Krishna.
Details of her life, which has been the subject of several films, are pieced together from her poetry and stories recounted by her community and are of debatable historical authenticity, particularly those that connect her with the later Tansen. On the other hand, the traditions that make her a disciple of Guru Ravidas who disputed with Rupa Goswami are consonant with the usual account of her life.
Meera, a Rajput princess was born in Kudki (Kurki), a little village near Merta City which is presently in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan in northwest India. Her father, jai Singh aman, was a friend of the Rathore clan, the son of Rao Duda of Merta. Rao Duda was son of Rao Jodha of Mandore, founder of Mandsaur.
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Muthuswami Dikshitar
Muthuswami Dikshitar (Tamil:முத்துஸ்வாமி தீக்ஷிதர, Devanagari:मुत्तुस्वामि दीक्षित:, Telugu:ముత్తు స్వామీ దీక్షితులు, Kannada:ಮುತ್ತು ಸ್ವಾಮೀ ದೀಕ್ಷಿತರು, March 24, 1775 – October 21, 1835) is a South Indian poet and composer and is one of the Musical Trinity of Carnatic music. His compositions, of which around 500 are commonly known, are noted for their contemplative nature and for capturing the essence of the raga forms through the vainika (veena) style that emphasises gamakas. They are typically in a slower speed (chowka kala). He is also known by his signature name of Guruguha. His compositions are widely sung and played in classical concerts of Carnatic music.
The musical trinity consists of Dikshitar, Thyagaraja (1767–1847), and Syama Sastri (1762–1827) although, unlike the Telugu compositions of the others, his compositions are predominantly in Sanskrit.
Muthuswami Dikshitar was born in Tiruvarur (of Thiruvarur district in what is now the state of Tamil Nadu) to a Tamil Iyer Brahmin couple Ramaswami Dikshitar and Subbamma, as the eldest son. According to the account of Subbarama Dikshitar, Muttuswami Dikshitar was born in the manmatha year, in the month of Panguni under the asterism Krittikaa. He was named after the temple deity, Muttukumaraswamy; legend has it that he was born after his parents prayed for a child in the Vaitheeswaran Temple. He had two younger brothers Baluswami, Chinnaswami and a sister Balambal.
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Namdev
Saint Namdeo (29 October, 1270 - 1350) (Marathi: संत नामदेव) or Bhagat Namdeo (Gurmukhi: ਭਗਤ ਨਾਮਦੇਵ) was born on October 29, 1270 in the state of Maharashtra village of Narasi-Bamani, in Hingoli district (presently called Narsi Namdev). His father, a calico printer/tailor, was named Damshet and his mother's name was Gonabai. Most of the spiritual message of Bhagat Namdeo emphasized the importance of living the life of a householder (गृहस्थ जीवन) and that through marriage and having a family one could attain enlightenment.
The first biographer and auto-biographer in Marathi and the foremost proponent of Bhagawad-Dharma who propagated the religion right up to Punjab
Saint Namdev, a contemporary saint-poet of Saint Dnyaneshwar, is considered a prominent religious poet of Maharashtra. He was one the earliest writers who wrote in the Marathi language. He is the foremost proponent of the Bhagwad-Dharma who reached beyond Maharashtra, right into Punjab. He also wrote some hymns in Hindi and Punjabi. His depth of devotion and talent in delivering Kirtan was of such a high standard that it is said even the Lord Pandurang swayed to his tune. Despite being a proponent of the Warkari sect, Saint Namdev established religious unity across the country.
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Narayana Guru
Sri Nārāyana Guru (Malayalam: ശ്രീ നാരായണ ഗുരു) (1856–1928), also known as Sree Nārāyana Guru Swami, was a Hindu saint, sadhu[Full citation needed] and social reformer of India. The Guru was born into an Ezhava family, in an era when people from backward communities like the Ezhavas faced much social injustices in the caste-ridden Kerala society. Gurudevan, as he was fondly known to his followers, led Reform movement in Kerala, revolted against casteism and worked on propagating new values of freedom in spirituality and of social equality, thereby transforming the Kerala society and as such he is adored as a prophet.
Nārāyana Guru is revered for his Vedic knowledge[citation needed], poetic proficiency[citation needed], openness to the views of others[citation needed], non-violent philosophy[citation needed] and his unrelenting resolve to set aright social wrongs. Nārāyana Guru was instrumental in setting the spiritual foundations for social reform in today's Kerala and was one of the most successful social reformers who tackled caste in India. He demonstrated a path to social emancipation without invoking the dualism of the oppressed and the oppressor.
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Narsinh Mehta
Narsinh Mehta (Gujarati:નરસિંહ મહેતા)also known as Narsi Mehta or Narsi Bhagat (1414? – 1481?) was a poet-saint of Gujarat, India, and a member of the Nagar Brahmins community, notable as a bhakta, an exponent of Vaishnava poetry. He is especially revered in Gujarati literature, where he is acclaimed as its Adi Kavi (Sanskrit for "first among poets"). His bhajan, Vaishnav Jan To is Mahatma Gandhi's favorite and has become synonymous to him.
Narsinh Mehta was born in the ancient town of Talaja and then shifted to Jirndurg now known as Junagadh in the District of Saurashtra, in Vaishnava Brahmin community. He lost his mother and his father when he was 5 years old. He could not speak until the age of 8 and after his parents expired his care was taken by his grand mother Jaygauri.
Narsinh married Manekbai probably in the year 1429. Narsinh Mehta and his wife stayed at his brother Bansidhar’s place in Junagadh. However, his cousin's wife (Sister-in-law or bhabhi) did not welcome Narsinh very well. She was an ill-tempered woman, always taunting and insulting Narsinh mehta for his worship (Bhakti). One day, when Narasinh mehta had enough of these taunts and insults, he left the house and went to a nearby forest in search of some peace, where he fasted and meditated for seven days by a secluded Shiva lingam until Shiva appeared before him in person. On the poet’s request, the Lord took him to Vrindavan and showed him the eternal raas leela of Sri Krishna and the gopis. A legend has it that the poet transfixed by the spectacle burnt his hand with the torch he was holding but he was so engrossed in the ecstatic vision that he was oblivious of the pain. Narsinh mehta, as the popular account goes, at Sri Krishna's command decided to sing His praises and the nectarous experience of the rasa in this mortal world. He resolved to compose around 22,000 kirtans or compositions.
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Nimbarka
Nimbarka (Sanskrit: श्री निम्बार्काचार्य, Telugu: నింబార్కాచార్య Śrī Nimbārkācārya), is known for propagating the Vaishnava Theology of Dvaitadvaita, duality in unity. According to scholars headed by Prof. Roma Bose, he lived in the 13th Century, on the assumption that Śrī Nimbārkācārya was the author of the work Madhvamukhamardana. According to Nimbārka Sampradāya however, Śrī Nimbārkācārya appeared over 5000 years ago, in the year 3096 BCE at the time when the grandson of Arjuna was on the throne. He hailed from the present-day Andhra Pradesh, in South India.
Nimbarka's date is subject to much controversy. Although current research and scholarly consensus centres on a date somewhere just before Sankaracarya, in general scholars have not been able to come to a unilateral conclusion.
Dr. Bhandarkar has placed him as a philosopher after Ramanuja and has maintained his demise date as 1162 AD. Some hold that he is dated around 13th Century. However, Dr. S.N.Dasgupta dated Nimbarka to around middle of 14th Century. On the other hand, Dr. S A A Rizvi assigns the date of Circa 1130-1200 AD But Jadunath Sinha, has counted him as a 13th century philosopher, and Dr. Tarachand has held him to be a younger contemporary of Ramanuja.
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Nisargadatta Maharaj
Sri Nisargadatta Maharaj (April 17, 1897 – September 8, 1981), born Maruti Shivrampant Kambli, was an Indian spiritual teacher and philosopher of Advaita (Nondualism), and a Guru, belonging to the Inchgiri branch of the Navnath Sampradaya.
One of the 20th century's exponents of the school of Advaita Vedanta philosophy (nondualism), Sri Nisargadatta, with his direct and minimalistic explanation of non-dualism, is considered the most famous teacher of Advaita since Ramana Maharshi.
In 1973, the publication of his most famous and widely translated book, I Am That, an English translation of his talks in Marathi by Maurice Frydman, brought him worldwide recognition and followers.
Sri Nisargadatta was born on April 17, 1897, at break of dawn, the full moon in the month of Chaitra, to a devout Hindu couple Shivrampant Kambli and Parvatibai, in Bombay. The day was also the birthday of Lord Hanuman, hence the boy was named 'Maruti', after Lord Hanuman himself. Maruti Shivrampant Kambli was brought up in Kandalgaon, a small village in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra, where he grew up amidst his family of six siblings, two brothers and four sisters, and deeply religious parents. His father, Shivrampant, worked as a domestic servant in Mumbai and later became a petty farmer in Kandalgaon.
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Patanjali
Patañjali (Sanskrit: पतञ्जलि, IPA: [pət̪əɲɟəli]; fl. 150 BCE or 2nd c. BCE) is the compiler of the Yoga Sūtras, an important collection of aphorisms on Yoga practice. According to tradition, the same Patañjali was also the author of the Mahābhāṣya, a commentary on Kātyāyana's vārttikas (short comments) on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī as well as an unspecified work of medicine (āyurveda).
In recent decades the Yoga Sutra has become quite popular worldwide for the precepts regarding practice of Raja Yoga and its philosophical basis. "Yoga" in traditional Hinduism involves inner contemplation, a system of meditation practice and ethics.
Whether the two works, the Yoga Sutras and the Mahābhāṣya, are by the same author has been the subject of considerable debate. The authorship of the two is first attributed to the same person in Bhojadeva's Rajamartanda, a relatively late (10th c.) commentary on the Yoga Sutras, as well as several subsequent texts. As for the texts themselves, the Yoga Sutra iii.44 cites a sutra as that from Patanjali by name, but this line itself is not from the Mahābhāṣya. This 10th century legend of single-authorship is doubtful. The literary styles and contents of the Yogasūtras and the Mahābhāṣya are entirely different, and the only work on medicine attributed to Patañjali is lost. Sources of doubt include the lack of cross-references between the texts, and no mutual awareness of each other, unlike other cases of multiple works by (later) Sanskrit authors. Also, some elements in the Yoga Sutras may date from as late as the 4th c. CE, but such changes may be due to divergent authorship, or due to later additions which are not atypical in the oral tradition. Most scholars refer to both works as "by Patanjali", without meaning that they are by the same author.
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Pillai Lokacharya
Pillai Lokacharya (1205–1311 CE) was a prominent Vaishnavite leader and philosopher who authored several works important to Vishishtadvaita philosophy.
The name Ulag-Ariya (or Lokacharya) first became associated with Sri Nampillai when Sri Kanthadai Thozhappar celebrated him as the acharya for the world ("kanthAdai thOzhappar tham ugappAl enna ulagAriyanO enRu uraikka"). Nampillai's disciple was Sri Vadakku Thiruveethippillai. Out of great affection for his acharya, Vadakku Thiruveethippillai named his first son as Pillai Lokacharya ("anbAl anna thiru nAmaththai Athariththu mannu pugazh maintharkku sARRukaiyAl").
One time Nampillai was enquiring Vadakkuth Thiruveethip pillai's mother Ammi about her welfare. She told him that she was sad as her family was not being furthered because her son was staying away from his wife and was not having a child. Nampillai asked her to bring her daughter-in-law to his presence. When she did, he told her daughter-in-law that she would give birth to a son just like himself. He then called his disciple Vadakkuth Thiruveethippillai and told him to follow proper gruhastAsrama and that it would not cause any damage to his vairAgya.
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Prabhākara
Prabhākara (ca. 7th c. AD) was an Indian philosopher grammarian in the Mimamsa tradition. His views and his debate with Kumārila Bhaṭṭa led to the Prābhākara school within Mimamsa.
Commentaries on Prabhakara have been written by Shalikanatha in the 8th c.[citation needed]
One of the views of the prābhākaras is that words do not directly designate meaning; any meaning that arises is because it is connected with other words (anvitābhidhāna, anvita = connected; abhidhā = denotation). We know or learn the meaning of a word only by considering the sentential context which it appears; we learn such word meanings together with their possible semantic connections with other words. Sentence meanings are grasped directly, from perceptual and contextual cues, skipping the stage of grasping singly the individual word meanings (Matilal 1990:108).
This is very similar to the modern view of linguistic underspecification, and relates to the Dynamic Turn in Semantics, which opposes the purely compositional view of arriving at sentence meaning.
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Purandara Dasa
Purandara Dāsa (Kannada: ಪುರಂದರ ದಾಸ) (1484–1564) (sometimes spelled as a single word) is one of the most prominent composers of Carnatic music and is widely regarded as the "father of Carnatic Music". Purandara Dasa addressed social issues in addition to worship in his compositions, a practice emulated by his younger contemporary, Kanaka Dasa. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are mostly in Kannada; some are in Sanskrit. He signed his compositions with the mudra (pen name), "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala is one of the incarnations of the Hindu god Vishnu). About 1000 of his songs are extant.
Inscriptional evidence suggests Purandara Dasa was born in 1484 AD in Kshemapura, near Tirthahalli, Shivamogga district, Karnataka state. According to other opinions, his native town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka, or Purandaragad near Pune, but the latter is considered a historical mistake - connecting his "pen name" (his ankita) with a location that mainly served as a military encampment in the 15th and 16th century. The only son of Varadappa Nayaka, a wealthy merchant, and Leelavati, he was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after the Lord of the Seven Hills. He received a good education in accordance with family traditions and acquired proficiency in Kannada, Sanskrit, and sacred music. At age 16 he married Saraswatibai, said by tradition to have been a pious young girl. He lost his parents at age 20, thereby inheriting his father's business of gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became known as "navakoti narayana" (abundantly rich man; owner of nine crores).
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Raghavendra Swami
Raghavendra Swami (1595–1671 CE) was a Hindu saint and philosopher who served as the head of the Sri Mutt in Kumbakonam from 1624 to 1636. He wrote a commentary Sudha Parimala on the Nyaya Sudha, an exposition of Dvaita philosophy. His samadhi in Mantralayam in the present-day Andhra Pradesh is an important place of pilgrimage. The numerous miracles he performed have led to him being worshipped even today in the form of god and he is believed to be the saviour for those who placed faith in him.
Raghavendra was born Venkatanatha in the town of Bhuvanagiri in the present-day Tamil Nadu to Kannada-speaking Madhwa Brahmin parents in 1595, 1598 or 1601. After having his initial education under his brother-in-law Lakshminarasimhachar, Venkatanatha was admitted to the Sri Mutt in Kumbakonam where he took sanyasa and adopted the name Raghavendra Theertha. Raghavendra succeeded his guru Sudheendra Theertha as the head of the Sri Mutt and served from 1624 to 1636. He travelled all over South India expounding Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy and is attributed with a number of miracles. In 1671, after assuring his disciples in a speech that he will be in spirit with them for the next eight hundred years, Raghavendra attained samadhi at Mantralayam.
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Raghunatha Siromani
Raghunatha Shiromani (Bengali: রঘুনাথ শিরোমণি, IAST: Raghunātha Śiromaṇi) (c. 1477–1547) was an Indian philosopher and logician. He was born at Nabadwip in present day Nadia district of West Bengal state. He was the grandson of Śulapāṇi (c. 14th century CE), a noted writer on Smṛti from his mother's side. He was a pupil of Vāsudeva Sārvabhauma. He brought the new school of Nyaya, Navya Nyāya, representing the final development of Indian formal logic, to its zenith of analytic power.
Raghunatha's analysis of relations revealed the true nature of number, inseparable from the abstraction of natural phenomena, and his studies of metaphysics dealt with the negation or nonexistence of a complex reality. His most famous work in logic was the Tattvacintāmaṇidīdhiti, a commentary on the Tattvacintāmaṇi of Gangeśa Upādhyāya, founder of the Navya Nyāya school.
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Ramana Maharshi
Sri Ramana Maharshi (Tamil: ரமண மஹரிஷி) (December 30, 1879 – April 14, 1950), born Venkataraman Iyer, was a Hindu spiritual master ("jnani"). He was born to a Tamil-speaking Brahmin family in Tiruchuzhi, Tamil Nadu. After experiencing at age 16 what he later described as liberation (moksha), he left home for Arunachala, a mountain considered sacred by Hindus. He lived at the mountain for the rest of his life. Although born a Brahmin, he declared himself an "Atiasrami", a Sastraic state of non-attachment to anything in life and beyond all caste restrictions. The ashram that grew around him, Sri Ramana Ashram, is situated at the foothill of Arunchala, to the west to the pilgrimage town of Tiruvannamalai.
Sri Ramana Maharshi maintained that the purest form of his teachings was the powerful silence which radiated from his presence and quieted the minds of those attuned to it. He gave verbal teachings only for the benefit of those who could not understand his silence (or, perhaps, could not understand how to attain the silent state). His verbal teachings were said to flow from his direct experience of Atman as the only existing reality. When asked for advice, he recommended self-enquiry as the fastest path to moksha. Though his primary teaching is associated with Non-dualism, Advaita Vedanta, and Jnana yoga, he recommended Bhakti to those he saw were fit for it, and gave his approval to a variety of paths and practices.
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Ramananda
Ramananda (1400–1476 CE), also referred to as Sant Ramanand or Swami Ramanand, was a Vaishnava sant. He is considered to be the reviver of the Ramanandi sect. Ramananda for the most part of his life lived in the holy city of Varanasi, and was a pioneer of the Bhakti movement, as well as a social reformer in Northern India. He was known for communicating in vernacular Hindi, and accepting disciples of all castes. His 12 disciples are very famous-Anantananda, Bhavananda, Dhanna Bhagat, Kabir, Nabha, Naraharyanda, Pipa, Ravidas (also known as Guru Ravidas), Bhagat Sain, Sukhanada, Ranka and Tulsidas (not the author of the Ramcharitmanas).
Saint Ramananda is generally considered to have been born around AD 1400, some say that he was born in 1366 CE. Although there is disagreement on the exact date and place of birth, due to the few texts regarding his early life. The birthplace has been suggested to be Triveni Sangam Allahabad, Prayaga. He was born to an upper-caste Brahmin family, and his parents were probably named Sushila and Punyasadan Sharma. He was spiritually inclined right from his childhood. Acharya Raghavanand who is also known as Dakshinayat Rishi (as he lived in Jagannath Puri which is always considered a southern city in Hindu scriptures) included him in the Ramavat sect. Ramananda spent most of his life in Kashi (Banaras / Varanasi), where, as a mark of respect, people built a memorial that stands there to this day.
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Ramanuja
Śrī Ramanuja (Tamil: இராமானுஜர், Rāmānujar ?, Telugu: రామానుజాచార్యుల వారు, Rāmānujācārya ?, Kannada: ರಾಮಾನುಜಾಚಾರ್ಯ, Rāmānujācārya ?, Devanagari: रामानुज); traditionally 1017–1137, also known as Śrī Ramanujacharya, Ethirajar (Yatiraja), Emberumannar, Lakshmana Muni, was a theologian, philosopher, and scriptural exegete. He is seen by Śrīvaiṣṇavas as the most important teacher (ācārya) of their tradition who followed Nathamuni and Yamunacharya, and by Hindus in general as the leading expounder of Viśiṣṭādvaita, one of the classical interpretations of the dominant Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy.
The traditional biographies of Ramanuja place his life in the period of 1017–1137, yielding a lifespan of 120 years. However, the unusual length and roundness of this lifetime has led scholars to propose that Ramanuja was born 20–60 years later, and died as many as 20 years earlier than the traditional dates[citation needed]. Any chronology depends crucially on the major historical event mentioned in the traditional biographies: the persecution of Srivaishnavas under the Chola king Kulothunga and Ramanuja's subsequent 12-year exile in Melkote, in Karnataka[citation needed].
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Ramprasad Sen
Rāmprasād Sen (Bengali: রামপ্রসাদ সেন; c. 1718 or ca. 1723 – c. 1775) was a Shakta poet of eighteenth century Bengal. His bhakti poems, known as Ramprasadi, are still popular in Bengal—they are usually addressed to the Hindu goddess Kali and written in Bengali. Stories of Ramprasad's life typically include legends and myths mixed with biographical details.
It is said that, Ramprasad was born into a Tantric family, and showed an inclination towards poetry from an early age. He became a disciple of Agamavisha, a Tantric scholar and yogi. Ramprasad became well known for his devotional songs, eventually becoming the court poet for the king Krishna Chandra of Nadia. His life has been the subject of many stories depicting his devotion to, and relationship with, Kali. Ramprasad's literary works include Vidyasundar, Kali-kirtana, Krishna-kirtana and Shaktigiti.
Ramprasad is credited with creating a new compositional form that combined the Bengali folk style of Baul music with classical melodies and kirtan. The new style took root in Bengali culture with many poet-composers combining folk and raga-based melodies, mixing every common style of music from classical to semi-classical and folk. His songs are sung today, with a popular collection—Ramprasadi Sangit ("Songs of Ramprasad")—sold at Shakta temples and pithas in Bengal.
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Samarth Ramdas
Ramdas (Marathi: समर्थ रामदास, Rāmdās) (1608–1681) was a prominent Marathi saint and religious poet in the Hindu tradition in Maharashtra, India. Samarth Ramdas was a devotee of Lord Hanuman and Lord Rama. His birth name was Narayan Suryajipant Kulkarni Thosar.
Ramdas Swami was born in a Deshastha Rugvedi Bramhan family to Suryāji and Rānu-Bāi Thosar in Jāmb in Jalna District of Maharashtra on Ram Navami (the birth festival of Lord Ram), 1530 according to "Shāliwāhan Shak" calendar. His given name was Nārāyan.
As a child, Ramdas showed an inclination toward metaphysical contemplation and religion. When Ramdas was eight, his father died; and when he was 18, his mother arranged his marriage. However, he wanted to pursue a monastic life. He ran away in the middle of the wedding ceremony, before the marriage vows were exchanged.
During the Hindu marriage ceremony, the last word which seals the marriage is "Saavdhan" meaning, 'be careful'. Swami Ramdas interpreted that word to mean that he had to be careful not to get entangled in the bonds of Maya, and must seek Self realization.
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Sivananda Saraswati
Swami Sivananda Saraswati (September 8, 1887 – July 14, 1963) was a Hindu spiritual teacher and a proponent of Yoga and Vedanta. Sivananda was born Kuppuswami in Pattamadai, in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. He studied medicine and served in Malaya as a physician for several years before taking up monasticism. He lived most of the later part of his life near Muni Ki Reti, Rishikesh.
He is the founder of The Divine Life Society (1936), Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy (1948) and author of over 200 books on yoga, vedanta and a variety of other subjects. He established Sivananda Ashram, the location of the headquarters of The Divine Life Society (DLS), on the bank of the Ganges at Shivanandanagar, at a distance of 3 kilometres from Rishikesh.
Sivananda Yoga, the yoga form propagated by him, are now spread in many parts of the world through Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres, but these centres are not affiliated with Swami Sivananda's original ashrams which are run by the Divine Life Society.
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Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo (Bengali: শ্রী অরবিন্দ Sri Ôrobindo) (15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950), born Aurobindo Ghosh or Ghose (Bengali: অরবিন্দ ঘোষ Ôrobindo Ghosh), was an Indian nationalist, freedom fighter, philosopher, yogi, guru, and poet. He joined the Indian movement for freedom from British rule and for a duration became one of its most important leaders, before developing his own vision of human progress and spiritual evolution.
The central theme of Aurobindo's vision was the evolution of human life into life divine. He wrote: "Man is a transitional being. He is not final. The step from man to superman is the next approaching achievement in the earth evolution. It is inevitable because it is at once the intention of the inner spirit and the logic of nature's process."
Aurobindo's writings synthesized Eastern and Western philosophy, religion, literature, and psychology. Aurobindo was the first Indian to create a major literary corpus in English.His works include philosophy; poetry; translations of and commentaries on the Vedas, Upanishads, and the Gita; plays; literary, social, political, and historical criticism; devotional works; spiritual journals and three volumes of letters. His principal philosophical writings are The Life Divine and The Synthesis of Yoga, while his principal poetic work is Savitri: A Legend and a Symbol.
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Srimanta Sankardeva
Srimanta Shankardeva (1449–1568) (Assamese: মহাপুৰুষ শ্ৰীমন্ত শঙ্কৰদেৱ Môhapurux Srimôntô Xônkôrdev), was a 15th-16th century Assamese saint-scholar, playwright, social-religious reformer and a colossal figure in the cultural and religious history of Assam, India. He is credited with providing a thread of unity to Assam straddling two major kingdoms (Ahom and Koch kingdoms), building on past literary activities to provide the bedrock of Assamese culture, and creating a religion that gave shape to a set of new values and social synthesis. The religion he started, Mahapuruxiya Dharma, was part of the Bhakti movement then raging in India, and he inspired bhakti in Assam just as Ramananda, Guru Nanak, Kabir, Basava and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu inspired it elsewhere.
His literary and artistic contributions are living traditions in Assam today. The religion he preached is practiced by a large population, and Sattras (monasteries) that he and his followers established continue to flourish and sustain his legacy.
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Surdas
Surdas (Sant Kavi Surdas) was a 15th century blind saint, poet and musician, known for his devotional songs dedicated to Lord Krishna. Surdas is said to have written and composed a hundred thousand songs in his magnum opus the 'Sur Sagar' (Ocean of Melody), out of which only about 8,000 are extant. He is considered a saint and so also known as Sant Surdas, a name which literally means the "slave of melody".
The time of Surdas's birth and death are uncertain and suggest that he lived over a hundred years, which make the facts even murkier. Some say, he was born blind in 1478 in Siri village near Delhi, India. Many others believe, Surdas was born in Renuka or runakta area near Mathura, a holy place in northern Indian district of Mathura, associated with the exploits of Lord Krishna. His family was too poor to take good care of him, which led the blind boy to leave home at the age of 6 to join a wondering group of religious musicians. According to one legend, one night he dreamt of Krishna, who asked him to go to Vrindavan, and dedicate his life to the praise of the Lord.
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Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda (pronounced: IPA: [ʂāmiː biːbeːkānoːnɗoː] listen (help·info)) (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendra Nath Datta (IPA: [nôreːnd̪roː naːt̪ʰ d̪ôttoː] was the chief disciple of the 19th century saint Ramakrishna and the founder of the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission. He is considered a key figure in the introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world, mainly in America and Europe and is also credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the status of a major world religion during the end of the 19th century CE. Vivekananda is considered to be a major force in the revival of Hinduism in modern India. He is perhaps best known for his inspiring speech which began: "Sisters and Brothers of America," through which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Swami Vivekananda was born in an aristocratic Bengali Kayastha family of Calcutta on 12 January 1863. Vivekananda's parents influenced his thinking—his father by his rationality and his mother by her religious temperament. From his childhood, he showed an inclination towards spirituality and God realisation. His guru, Ramakrishna, taught him Advaita Vedanta (non-dualism); that all religions are true and that service to man was the most effective worship of God. After the Mahasamadhi of his guru, Vivekananda became a wandering monk, touring the Indian subcontinent and acquiring first-hand knowledge of conditions in India. He later travelled to Chicago and represented India as a delegate in the 1893 Parliament of World Religions. He conducted hundreds of public and private lectures and classes, disseminating Vedanta and Yoga in America, England and Europe. He also established the Vedanta societies in America and England.
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Syama Sastri
Syama Sastri (శ్యామ శాస్త్రి ஸ்ரீ சியாமா சாஸ்திரி்) (also commonly transliterated as Shyama Shastri) (1762-1827) is one of the most renowned composers of Carnatic music. He is the oldest among the Trinity of Carnatic music, Tyagaraja and Muthuswami Dikshitar being the other two. A major source for his biography is a chapter in P. Sambamoorthy's book, Great Composers, 69-94. (Madras: The Indian Music Publishing House).
Syama Sastri was born in Tiruvarur in Thiruvarur district, into a scholarly and priestly Tamil speaking Brahmin,Iyer Vadama family. His father Viswanatham was the hereditary priest responsible for the care and worship of the image of the goddess, Bangaru Kamakshi, whose temple is in Thanjavur. Syama Sastri's father was 25 at the time of his birth and his mother, Vengalakshmi, 20 years old. A family tradition holds that she had received a prophecy of his birth from a devout neighbour. The infant was named Venkatasubrahmanya, but came to be affectionately known as Syama Krishna.
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Tukaram
Sant Tukaram (1608–1650) was a prominent Varkari Sant (Saint) and spiritual poet during a Bhakti movement in India.
Sant Tukaram was born and lived most of his life in Dehu, a town close to Pune in Mahārāshtra, India. Kumar, Munshi, Kincaid and Parasanisa, consider him to be of the Vani or grocer caste. In accordance with an ancient Indian tradition, Tukaram's family name is rarely used in identifying him. His real name is Tukaram Vhilhoba Aambe. Rather, in accord with another tradition in India of assigning the epithet "sant" (संत) to persons regarded as thoroughly saintly, Tukaram is commonly known in Maharashtra as Sant Tukaram (संत तुकाराम). He is known as Bhakta Tukaram to southern Indian people.
Scholars assign various birth years to Sant Tukaram: 1577, 1598, 1608 and 1609 CE. The year of Sant Tukaram's death —1650 CE— is much more certain.
Sant Tukaram's first wife, Rakhumābāi, died in 1602 in her early youth. Sant Tukaram and his second wife, Jijābāi (also known as Āvali), had three sons: Santu or Mahādev, Vithobā, and Nārāyan.
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Tulsidas
Tulsidas (Devanagari: तुलसीदास, Hindi pronunciation: [t̪uls̪iːd̪ɑːs̪], also known as Goswami Tulsidas), (1497/1532–1623) was a Hindu poet-saint, reformer and philosopher renowned for his devotion for the god Rama. A composer of several popular works, he is best known for being the author of the epic Ramcharitmanas, a retelling of the Sanskrit Ramayana in the vernacular Awadhi. Tulsidas was acclaimed in his lifetime to be a reincarnation of Valmiki, the composer of the original Ramayana in Sanskrit. He is also considered to be the composer of the Hanuman Chalisa, a popular devotional hymn dedicated to Hanuman, the divine monkey helper and devotee of Rama. Tulsidas lived permanently and died in the city of Varanasi. The Tulsi Ghat in Varnasi is named after him. He founded the Sankatmochan Temple dedicated to Hanuman in Varanasi, believed to stand at the place where he had the sight of Hanuman. Tulsidas started the Ramlila plays, a folk-theatre adaption of the Ramayana. He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest poets in Hindi, Indian, and world literature. The impact of Tulsidas and his works on the art, culture and society in India is widespread and is seen to date in vernacular language, Ramlila plays, Hindustani classical music, popular music, and television series.
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Tyagaraja
Kakarla Tyagabrahmam (Telugu: త్యాగరాజు) (May 4, 1767–January 6, 1847), colloquially known as Tyāgarājar and Tyagayya, was one of the greatest composers of Carnatic music or classical South Indian music. He, along with his contemporaries Muthuswami Dikshitar and Shyama Shastry, forms the Trinity of Carnatic music. He was a prolific composer and highly influential in the development of the South Indian classical music tradition. Tyagaraja composed thousands of devotional compositions, most of them in praise of Lord Rama — most of which remain very popular even today. Of special mention are five of his compositions called the Pancharatna Krithis (English: 'five gems'), which are often sung in programs in his honor.
Tyagaraja was born in 1767 in Tiruvarur, Tiruvarur district, in what is now called Tamil Nadu, to Kakarla Ramabrahmam and Sitamma in a Telugu Brahmin family of the Mulukanadu subsect. He was named Tyagaraja, after Lord Tyagaraja, the presiding deity of the temple at Tiruvarur. Tyagaraja was born at his maternal grandfather Giriraja Kavi's house. Giriraja Kavi was a poet-composer in the court of the king of Thanjavur.
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Vallabha Acharya
Vallabhacharya (Telugu: వల్లబ్హాచార్య) (1479–1531 CE) was a devotional philosopher, who founded the Pushti sect in India, following the philosophy of Shuddha advaita (Pure Non-dualism).
Vallabhacharya accepted the 'Acharya' designation of Vishnuswami Sampraday (Rudra Sampraday) upon request of Bilvamangala Acharya, the last Vishnuswami Sampraday acharya before Vallabhacharya. This was after Vallabhacharya won the famous debate of Brahmavada over Shankaras in the courtyard of the Emperor Krishna Deva Raya of Vijayanagara Empire - the prosperous South Indian Empire. Apart from being the acharya of Vishnuswami Sampradaya, Vallabhacharya also propagated the Pushtimarga upon the god Krishna's order and thus became the acharya of not only Vishnuswami Sampradaya but also Pushti Sampradaya.
He is the Acharya and Guru within the Vaishnava traditions as promulgated and prescribed by the Vedanta philosophy. He is associated with Vishnuswami, a prominent Acharya of Rudra Sampradaya out of the four Vaishnava Sampradayas.
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Vedanta Desika
Vedanta Desika (Swami Desikan, Swami Vedanta Desikan, Thoopul Nigamaantha Desikan) (1269–1370) was a Sri Vaishnava Guru. He was a poet, devotee, philosopher and master-teacher. He was the disciple of Swamy Sri Kidambi Appullar alias Sri Aathreya Ramanujachariar who comes in the lineage starting from Sri Ramanuja with Sri Thirukurugai Piran Pillan alias Sri Kurugesar,Sri Kidambi Aachan, Sri Aathreya Ramanujar, Sri Aathreya Rangarajachariar and many in the order. He is considered as an Avatar (incarnation) of Lord Venkateswara of Tirumalai by Sri Vaishavites.
In the case Swami Vedanta Desika, certain oblique biographical references are available internally in his works, for example in the Prologue to his Sankalpa Suryodayam. Prathivadi Bhayankaram Annan (1300–1400), a junior contemporary of Swami Desika and a disciple of Kumara Varadhacharya (son of Swamy Vedanta Desika) gives some details about Vedanta Desika's parentage, education etc. in his " Saptati Ratna Maalika".
The birth of Vedanta Desika was in the Kali yuga year 4370, which corresponds to 1268 AD in the Tamil Year Vibhava, month Purattaasi, on the Dasami day of Sukla Paksha, a Wednesday, in the constellation of Sravanam (the same as that of Lord of Tirumalai).He was born in Thooppul, near Tiruttangaa (Himavanam) adjacent to the temple of Deepa Prakaasar in Kanchipuram, the birthplace of Poigai Alwar.
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Vidyaranya
Vidyāraṇya also known as Mādhava Vidyāranya is variously known as being a kingmaker, patron saint and high priest to Harihara Raya I and Bukka Raya I, the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire. He was the 12th Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from 1380 to 1386 A.D. He was born to Māyaṇācārya and Śrīmatīdevī in Pampakṣetra (modern day Hampi) in 1268 CE. Another account has it that he was born in Ekasila nagari (modern Warangal). He helped the brothers establish the empire sometime in 1336 AD. He later served as a mentor and guide to three generations of kings who ruled over the Vijayanagar empire. Vijayanagara or Hampi, the capital of the empire, has a temple dedicated to Mādhavācārya. He is the author of the Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha (सर्वदर्शनसङ्रह), a compendium of different philosophical schools of Hindu thought and Pañcadaśī, an important text in the Advaita Vedanta tradition.
Vidyaranya was an exponent of the Advaita school of philosophy in Hinduism. He is said to be the brother of Sāyaṇācārya who wrote a commentary on the four Vedas. He was a Hindu statesman and philosopher who lived at the court of Vijayanagara, the Southern Hindu kingdom. He is believed to have served as a minister under King Bukka of the Vijayanagara empire. His younger brother, Shyapa, was associated with him in the administration and was a famous commentator on the Rigveda. Shyapa's commentaries were influenced by and dedicated to Mādhava.
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Vācaspati Miśra
Vācaspati Miśra (900–980 CE) was an Indian philosopher who founded one of the main Advaita Vedanta schools, the Bhāmatī school (named after his commentary on Śankara's Brahma-sūtra-bhāṣya), and whose work was an important forerunner of the Navya-Nyāya system of thought.
Vācaspati was a Maithili Brahmin who lived near the frontier between India and Nepal (what is now Vachaspati Nagar (Andhra Thardhi), Madhubani). The details of his life have been lost, though he is said to have named one of his works after his wife, Bhāmatī. He wrote commentaries on the main works of all the major Hindu schools of thought at the time, as well as one non-commentary, Tattvabindu.
In Tattvabindu, Vācaspati examines four competing theories of linguistic meaning:
After examining each of these theories, Vācaspati presents his own theory, abhihitānvayavāda, according to which understanding of the meaning of a whole sentence is reached by inferring it, in a separate act of lakṣanā or implication, from the individual meanings of the constituent words.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Yamunacharya
Yamunacharya or Alavandar was a vishistadvaita philosopher in Srirangam, Tamil Nadu, India. Ramanuja, one of the leaders of the srivaishnava school sought to be his disciple. He was born in early 10th century CE and was the grandson of a Brahmin, Nathamuni. Nathamuni was a famed yogi who collected to the works of Tamil alvars. He grew up learning Vedic texts from Rama Misra also known as Manakkal Nambi and was skilled in mimansa. Sirvaishnavite legend relates this history—As a teenager he challenged the royal priest Akkiyalvan of the Pandya king (the name of the king is disputed). Akkiyalvan, when he saw the age of the youth, asked sarcastically "alavandara?" meaning "has he come to rule me?". He defeated Akkiyalvan by proving through the accepted rules of logic that Akkiyalvan's mother was barren, the king was not righteous and the queen unchaste. The king and queen, impressed that the boy has understood the shortcomings of logic, adopted him. In other versions of the legend, he is given half the kingdom. There is no historical record to show his reign so it is possible that this happened in a smaller village rather than the kingdom of Pandya.
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VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA 2011: GANESHA HABBA: GANESH DESAI: DVG'S "MANKU THIMMA"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:24
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 DV Gundappa's 'MANKU THIMMANA KAGGA" Ganesh Desai: Vocal and Harmonium Romail Bhatti: Tabla Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_2011_GANESHA_HABBA_GANESH_DESAI_DVG'S_MANKU_THIMMA
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 DV Gundappa's 'MANKU THIMMANA KAGGA" Ganesh Desai: Vocal and Harmonium Romail Bhatti: Tabla Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
NMDC oversees treasure hunt at Vidyaranya - Tv9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Updated: 24 Apr 2012
NMDC oversees treasure hunt at Vidyaranya
http://wn.com/NMDC_oversees_treasure_hunt_at_Vidyaranya_Tv9
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Ganesha Habba 2010: Shakuntala
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:16
- Updated: 16 Oct 2010
"Shakuntala" --Monoacting Script Written By: Shatavadhani R. Ganesh and Srivatsa Joshi Directed and Performed by: Anupama Mangalvedhe Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_2010_Shakuntala
"Shakuntala" --Monoacting Script Written By: Shatavadhani R. Ganesh and Srivatsa Joshi Directed and Performed by: Anupama Mangalvedhe Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 16 Oct 2010
- views: 1838
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA: YUGADI 2011: eradu kanasu; fashion show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:51
- Updated: 08 May 2011
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois Yugadi 2011 ERADU KANASU: FASHION SHOW Concept & Styling: Jayashree Rao Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_YUGADI_2011_eradu_kanasu;_fashion_show
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois Yugadi 2011 ERADU KANASU: FASHION SHOW Concept & Styling: Jayashree Rao Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 08 May 2011
- views: 1325
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA, CHICAGO: SANKRANTHI 2013: APARNA PRASHANTH: KUCHIPUDI DANCE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:31
- Updated: 26 Feb 2013
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CELEBRATES SANKRANTHI ON FEBRUARY 2, 2013 AT HINDU TEMPLE OF GREATER CHICAGO LEMONT, ILLINOIS KUCHIPUDI DANCE "SANCHARA DADHARE" ASHTAPADI BY JAYADEVA RAGAMALIKA IN ADI TALAM BY APARNA PRASHANTH NRITHYA TARANGA DANCE ACADEMY CHOREOGRAPHY: DR. VEMPATI CHINNA SATYAM VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA,_CHICAGO_SANKRANTHI_2013_APARNA_PRASHANTH_KUCHIPUDI_DANCE
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS CELEBRATES SANKRANTHI ON FEBRUARY 2, 2013 AT HINDU TEMPLE OF GREATER CHICAGO LEMONT, ILLINOIS KUCHIPUDI DANCE "SANCHARA DADHARE" ASHTAPADI BY JAYADEVA RAGAMALIKA IN ADI TALAM BY APARNA PRASHANTH NRITHYA TARANGA DANCE ACADEMY CHOREOGRAPHY: DR. VEMPATI CHINNA SATYAM VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 96
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Ganesha Habba Asha Adiga's "Navarasa Abhinaya"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Festival Celebration Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Lemont, Illinois September 12, 2009 Bharatanatya "Navarasa Abhinaya" Asha Adiga Choreography: Asha Adiga Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_Asha_Adiga's_Navarasa_Abhinaya
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Festival Celebration Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Lemont, Illinois September 12, 2009 Bharatanatya "Navarasa Abhinaya" Asha Adiga Choreography: Asha Adiga Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 25 Sep 2009
- views: 642
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya - Tv9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 18 Feb 2012
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya
http://wn.com/Archaelogical_department_tightlipped_about_treasure_in_Vidyaranya_Tv9
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 683
- author: tv9telugu
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA 2011: GANESHA HABBA: INVOCATION SONG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:22
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 Musical Concert: Ganesh Desai Invocation song: Ashok Kowdle, Datta Ajjampur, Ishwar Varanasi, Kusuma Indusekhar, Murali Rao, Nagabhushana Moolky, Parimala Prasad, Renu Nagaraj, Shailaja Iyer, Soujanya Varanasi, Sowmya Amar, Suma Rajashankar, Vijaya Bhat Directed by Sri. Ganesh Desai Coordinator: Suma Rajashankar Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_2011_GANESHA_HABBA_INVOCATION_SONG
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 Musical Concert: Ganesh Desai Invocation song: Ashok Kowdle, Datta Ajjampur, Ishwar Varanasi, Kusuma Indusekhar, Murali Rao, Nagabhushana Moolky, Parimala Prasad, Renu Nagaraj, Shailaja Iyer, Soujanya Varanasi, Sowmya Amar, Suma Rajashankar, Vijaya Bhat Directed by Sri. Ganesh Desai Coordinator: Suma Rajashankar Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 18 Oct 2011
- views: 1249
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Ganesha Habba 2010: Ganesha Banda Nodi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:32
- Updated: 29 Jul 2012
"Ganesha Banda Nodi" -A Dance Drama Direction and Choreography: Neetha Dhananjaya Coordinator: Kusuma Indusekar Presented By Jnanabharathi Kannada Shaale Performers: Akash Basavaraju, Pranav Bhoopala, Priya Dhanjaya, Shreya Dhananjaya, Anshu Indusekar, Akshay Kollur, Ashna Konjeti, Ritu Meda, Aman Rao, Anchit Rao, Krupa Sudheendra
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_2010_Ganesha_Banda_Nodi
"Ganesha Banda Nodi" -A Dance Drama Direction and Choreography: Neetha Dhananjaya Coordinator: Kusuma Indusekar Presented By Jnanabharathi Kannada Shaale Performers: Akash Basavaraju, Pranav Bhoopala, Priya Dhanjaya, Shreya Dhananjaya, Anshu Indusekar, Akshay Kollur, Ashna Konjeti, Ritu Meda, Aman Rao, Anchit Rao, Krupa Sudheendra
- published: 14 Oct 2010
- views: 564
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Presents: "Mooshaka Vahana"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:56
- Updated: 02 Nov 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota 11/8/08 "MOOSHAKA VAHANA" Featuring: *Meghana Basavaraj *Rashmi Raju *Manisha Viruppannavar Choreographer: Smt. Devaki Janakiraman Coordinator: Smt. Meenakshi Viruppannavar Videography and DVD Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Presents_Mooshaka_Vahana
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota 11/8/08 "MOOSHAKA VAHANA" Featuring: *Meghana Basavaraj *Rashmi Raju *Manisha Viruppannavar Choreographer: Smt. Devaki Janakiraman Coordinator: Smt. Meenakshi Viruppannavar Videography and DVD Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 26 Nov 2008
- views: 801
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Sri Jagadguru Vidyaranya Bharathi Swamiji Speech
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:46
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
http://wn.com/Sri_Jagadguru_Vidyaranya_Bharathi_Swamiji_Speech
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA: GANESH FESTIVAL 2009: FOLK DANCE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Festival Celebration Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Lemont, Illinois September 12, 2009 "Chellidaru Malligeya.." Jaanapada Nrithya (Folk Dance) *Starring* *Sanchita Teeka *Ishanya Hebbale *Sanyuktha Vinesh *Shreya Seetharam *Aditi Gurudutt *Kushi Madadakere *Shreya Rao Choreographer: Suma Teeka Coordinators: Suma Teeka Chitra Rao Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_GANESH_FESTIVAL_2009_FOLK_DANCE
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Festival Celebration Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Lemont, Illinois September 12, 2009 "Chellidaru Malligeya.." Jaanapada Nrithya (Folk Dance) *Starring* *Sanchita Teeka *Ishanya Hebbale *Sanyuktha Vinesh *Shreya Seetharam *Aditi Gurudutt *Kushi Madadakere *Shreya Rao Choreographer: Suma Teeka Coordinators: Suma Teeka Chitra Rao Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 15 Sep 2009
- views: 2380
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAISER 2011: CLASSICAL DANCE BY SULAKSHANA JAYARAM
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAINING EVENT 2011 A TRIBUTE TO RD BURMAN MEADOWS CLUB ROLLING MEADOWS, IL SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 CLASSICAL DANCE: SULAKSHANA JAYARAM VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_CHARITABLE_FUND_RAISER_2011_CLASSICAL_DANCE_BY_SULAKSHANA_JAYARAM
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAINING EVENT 2011 A TRIBUTE TO RD BURMAN MEADOWS CLUB ROLLING MEADOWS, IL SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 CLASSICAL DANCE: SULAKSHANA JAYARAM VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 704
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA: GANESHA HABBA 2011: ANTHEMS: PATRIOTIC SONGS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:09
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Habba September 17, 2011 Anthems and Patriotic Songs Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_GANESHA_HABBA_2011_ANTHEMS_PATRIOTIC_SONGS
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA Ganesha Habba September 17, 2011 Anthems and Patriotic Songs Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 13 Oct 2011
- views: 329
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA 2011: GANESHA HABBA: GANESH DESAI: A POEM MK KULKARNI
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:03
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 A POEM BY MK KULKARNI: A POET FROM DHARWAR Ganesh Desai: Vocal and Harmonium Romail Bhatti: Tabla Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_2011_GANESHA_HABBA_GANESH_DESAI_A_POEM_MK_KULKARNI
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 A POEM BY MK KULKARNI: A POET FROM DHARWAR Ganesh Desai: Vocal and Harmonium Romail Bhatti: Tabla Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 29 Dec 2011
- views: 108
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA 2011: GANESHA HABBA: "SHARANU SHARANAYYA GANANAYAKA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:38
- Updated: 26 Sep 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 Folk Dance: Sharanu Sharanuvayya Gananaayaka Anushri Bangalore, Apurva Reddy, Pranav Reddy, Rahul Shirahatti , Roshan Shirahatti Choreographer: Vanitha Bangalore Coordinator: Jyothi Shirahatti Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_2011_GANESHA_HABBA_SHARANU_SHARANAYYA_GANANAYAKA
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 Folk Dance: Sharanu Sharanuvayya Gananaayaka Anushri Bangalore, Apurva Reddy, Pranav Reddy, Rahul Shirahatti , Roshan Shirahatti Choreographer: Vanitha Bangalore Coordinator: Jyothi Shirahatti Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 452
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAISER 2011: THAAYE YASHODA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:19
- Updated: 23 Aug 2012
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAINING EVENT 2011 A TRIBUTE TO RD BURMAN MEADOWS CLUB ROLLING MEADOWS, IL SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 THAAYE YASHODA "MORNING RAGA" VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_CHARITABLE_FUND_RAISER_2011_THAAYE_YASHODA
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA CHARITABLE FUND RAINING EVENT 2011 A TRIBUTE TO RD BURMAN MEADOWS CLUB ROLLING MEADOWS, IL SEPTEMBER 24, 2011 THAAYE YASHODA "MORNING RAGA" VIDEOGRAPHY: DR. NAG RAO
- published: 28 Sep 2011
- views: 231
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Ganesha Habba 2010: Shiva Parvathi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 14 Oct 2010
"Shiva Parvathi" Kuchipudi Choreographer: Sobha Tamanna Coordinator: Indira Reddy Performers: Shruthi Mothkur, Sohan Mothkur, Divya Rajesh, Abhinava Reddy, Apoorva Reddy, Pranav Reddy, Aditi Sriram
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_2010_Shiva_Parvathi
"Shiva Parvathi" Kuchipudi Choreographer: Sobha Tamanna Coordinator: Indira Reddy Performers: Shruthi Mothkur, Sohan Mothkur, Divya Rajesh, Abhinava Reddy, Apoorva Reddy, Pranav Reddy, Aditi Sriram
- published: 14 Oct 2010
- views: 565
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Ganesha Habba 2010: Jaanapada Geethe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 14 Oct 2010
Jaanapada Haasya Geethe Cordinator: Supriya Subbarao Performers: Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Ganesha Habba 2010 "Jaanapada Geethe" Coordinator: Supriya Subbarao Performers: Roopashree Bhatta Srimani Chakravarthi Sahana Kaje Vijaya Pernenkil Anitha Rao Supriya Subbarao Poornima Tantry Sowjanya Varanasi Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_2010_Jaanapada_Geethe
Jaanapada Haasya Geethe Cordinator: Supriya Subbarao Performers: Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Ganesha Habba 2010 "Jaanapada Geethe" Coordinator: Supriya Subbarao Performers: Roopashree Bhatta Srimani Chakravarthi Sahana Kaje Vijaya Pernenkil Anitha Rao Supriya Subbarao Poornima Tantry Sowjanya Varanasi Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 14 Oct 2010
- views: 225
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA 2011: GANESHA HABBA: DANCE: NAVYA KAMATH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 18 Feb 2013
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 "GUMMANA KAREYADIRE.." NAVYA KAMATH CHOREOGRAPHY: HEMA RAJAGOPALAN Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_2011_GANESHA_HABBA_DANCE_NAVYA_KAMATH
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA GANESHA HABBA 2011 September 11, 2011 "GUMMANA KAREYADIRE.." NAVYA KAMATH CHOREOGRAPHY: HEMA RAJAGOPALAN Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 355
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Ganesha Habba 2010: Bhakthi Geethegalu
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:59
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Ganesha Habba 2010 Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Bhakthi Geethegalu Coordinator: Prerana Jayanth Singers: Siya Aparanji, Samarth Arul, Navya Hegde, Siddharth Hegde, Prajoy Jayanth, Prerana Jayanth, Pranav Kalakunte, Kishan Teeka Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Ganesha_Habba_2010_Bhakthi_Geethegalu
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Ganesha Habba 2010 Hindu Temple of Greater Chicago Bhakthi Geethegalu Coordinator: Prerana Jayanth Singers: Siya Aparanji, Samarth Arul, Navya Hegde, Siddharth Hegde, Prajoy Jayanth, Prerana Jayanth, Pranav Kalakunte, Kishan Teeka Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 14 Oct 2010
- views: 5022
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
VIDYARANYA KANNADA KOOTA: DASA DAY 2011: The Havaldars: Sada Enna Hridayadalli
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:44
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA DASA DAY October 22, 2011 Sri Balaji Temple Aurora, Illinois Hindustani Classical Devotional Music Concert" Pt. Dr. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar: Vocal Omkarnath Havaldar: Vocal Kedarnath Havaldar: Tabla Sandeep Bharadwaj: Violin Shirish Nagaraj: Tanpura and Vocal Support Siddartha Nath: Tanpura Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/VIDYARANYA_KANNADA_KOOTA_DASA_DAY_2011_The_Havaldars_Sada_Enna_Hridayadalli
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Chicago, Illinois, USA DASA DAY October 22, 2011 Sri Balaji Temple Aurora, Illinois Hindustani Classical Devotional Music Concert" Pt. Dr. Nagaraja Rao Havaldar: Vocal Omkarnath Havaldar: Vocal Kedarnath Havaldar: Tabla Sandeep Bharadwaj: Violin Shirish Nagaraj: Tanpura and Vocal Support Siddartha Nath: Tanpura Videography: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 30 Oct 2011
- views: 294
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota: Deepavali 2010: Yamuna Srinidhi Part-1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:52
- Updated: 26 Dec 2011
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Deepavali and Kannada Rajyotsava 2010 Featured Dance Program: Yamuna Srinidhi Part One Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
http://wn.com/Vidyaranya_Kannada_Koota_Deepavali_2010_Yamuna_Srinidhi_Part-1
Vidyaranya Kannada Koota Deepavali and Kannada Rajyotsava 2010 Featured Dance Program: Yamuna Srinidhi Part One Videography and Video Mastering: Dr. Nag Rao
- published: 01 Dec 2010
- views: 453
- author: Nagabhushana Rao
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Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya - Tv9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Updated: 18 Feb 2012
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya
http://wn.com/Archaelogical_department_tightlipped_about_treasure_in_Vidyaranya_Tv9
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 683
- author: tv9telugu
Hot girl Tara D'Souza , the new YashRaj find!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 04 Nov 2012
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Here' all the lastest, hottest Bollywood gossip and gupshup. Click on the video as zoOm gives you the update on the latest hook-ups, break-ups , film deals, cat-fights and contracts! Planet Bollywood is your one-stop-shop to everything that's making headlines in Bollywood!
http://wn.com/Hot_girl_Tara_D'Souza_,_the_new_YashRaj_find!
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Here' all the lastest, hottest Bollywood gossip and gupshup. Click on the video as zoOm gives you the update on the latest hook-ups, break-ups , film deals, cat-fights and contracts! Planet Bollywood is your one-stop-shop to everything that's making headlines in Bollywood!
- published: 24 Feb 2011
- views: 35045
- author: ZoomDekho
5:59
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya - Tv9
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya...
published: 18 Feb 2012
author: tv9telugu
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya - Tv9
Archaelogical department tightlipped about treasure in Vidyaranya
- published: 18 Feb 2012
- views: 683
- author: tv9telugu
0:50
Hot girl Tara D'Souza , the new YashRaj find!
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com a...
published: 24 Feb 2011
author: ZoomDekho
Hot girl Tara D'Souza , the new YashRaj find!
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Here' all the lastest, hottest Bollywood gossip and gupshup. Click on the video as zoOm gives you the update on the latest hook-ups, break-ups , film deals, cat-fights and contracts! Planet Bollywood is your one-stop-shop to everything that's making headlines in Bollywood!
- published: 24 Feb 2011
- views: 35045
- author: ZoomDekho
Vimeo results:
33:49
TechTea Episode 4 - Teavana Darjeeling & Cutting the Cable
This week's episode is focused on how and why you should or shouldn't cut the cable from y...
published: 09 Feb 2011
author: Tech Tea
TechTea Episode 4 - Teavana Darjeeling & Cutting the Cable
This week's episode is focused on how and why you should or shouldn't cut the cable from you monthly bills! We are drinking a Teavana Vidyaranya Darjeeling as well.
photo: AP / Lai Seng Sin
05 Mar 2013
KUALA LUMPUR. Malaysian security forces attacked a group of armed Filipinos early Tuesday to end the group's three-week occupation of a Borneo village, the prime minister said after the siege turned violent and became Malaysia's biggest security crisis in years ... The Philippine government asked Malaysia on Monday to exercise maximum tolerance to avoid further bloodshed ... 9 ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Aaron Favila
04 Mar 2013
VICE President Jejomar Binay on Monday urged the Sultanate of Sulu and the Malaysian authorities to sit down and discuss the ongoing conflict in Sabah peacefully. "What is important is that the lines of communication are open and there is continuing dialog. We should avoid taking hardline positions because it will not resolve anything," he said in Cagayan de Oro City ... "The Embassy needs to verify these reports so we can act accordingly....(size: 3.9Kb)
photo: US Army
04 Mar 2013
Bradley Manning obviously still believes in America, in a country that cares about the rule of law, fairness and human rights for all. His naivete might well cost him his freedom for the rest of his life ... Now he knows ... It is a system whose true nature he had begun to uncover through his work as an intelligence analyst - a position Manning's recruiter recommended he pursue when he enlisted ... Clearly, Manning did his job too well ... If only ... ....(size: 15.3Kb)
photo: AP / Vincent Thian
04 Mar 2013
Posted. March 4, 2013. China military spending is reportedly soaring, causing some concerns about territorial disputes among nearby Asian nations. The booming defense spending budget details were not released during a press conference during the nation’s annual legislative session on Monday ... China military spending increases coincide with Xi Jinping’s takeover as the head of the Central Military Commission ... [Image Via ... Category. Politics ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)
photo: AP / Narciso Contreras
04 Mar 2013
BAGHDAD, Iraq -- More than 40 Syrian soldiers who had sought temporary safety in Iraq from rebel fighters along the border were killed on Monday in an attack by unidentified gunmen as the Iraqi military was transporting the soldiers back to Syria in a bus convoy, the government said ... He said Iraq would deploy more security forces on the border ... "We will not allow any terrorist to enter the Iraqi lands," Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... But last week, Mr ... ....(size: 7.0Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
31 Jan 2013
Mohd Ali (Madina) bt Vishnu (Vidyaranya) 11-8, 11-7, 8-11, 6-11, 11-5 ... Mohd Ali (Madina) bt Advaith (Vidyaranya) 13-15, 14-12, 15-13, 11-9; Vishnu (Vidyaranya) bt Varun Shankar (BVB) 15-13, 14-12, 114 ... Varun & Sharan (BVB) bt Vishnu & Advaith (Vidyaranya) 9-11, 8-11, 118, 12-10, 13-13 ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Deccan Herald
26 Jan 2013
District-in-charge ministers list out development initiatives ... “Several steps taken by the government have helped empower women. Sakala, time-bound services, has come as a boon ... A chronology of the Vijayanagara empire — from pontiff Vidyaranya inspiring Hakka and Bukka to raise an army and lay foundation for an empire to the glorious days of the empire — was well conceived ... Chamarajanagar celebrations ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
The Times of India
26 Dec 2012
MYSORE. Unbeaten knocks by S Dhananjaya (55) and Sunil Kumar Jain (30) powered Mysore University Colleges Sports Council (MUCSC) to the semifinals of the DELL-KSCA T20 cricket tournament with a facile eight wicket win over National Cricket Club at the Gangothri Glades in Mysore on Tuesday ... I reply, RBNCC scored 119 for nine in 20 overs ... Vidyaranya CC ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
The Times of India
22 Dec 2012
DHARWAD. India has produced world class scientists, doctors and engineers and what India says is today heard with attention and seriousness, said chairman emeritus of Infosys N R Narayana Murthy ... "The unique instrument to eradicate poverty and usher in prosperity is our youth ... Secretary Arun Nadgir proposed a vote of thanks ... Incidentally Bendre was also a teacher at the Vidyaranya High School for a while which is under KE Board ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Hindu
21 Nov 2012
Even on a Monday evening, the Durga Parameshwari temple in Vidyaranyapura is crowded. A special pooja is being conducted on a dias in front of the main deity ... The Durga Parameshwari temple is one of the highlights of Vidyaranyapura, along with the Siddhi Vinayaka temple ... The neighbourhood of Vidyaranyapura, named after the 14th century statesman, philosopher and priest Vidyaranya, is known for its greenery, and its calm surrounds....(size: 3.7Kb)
Deccan Herald
17 Nov 2012
Ranji magic. Just over three years ago, a sturdy six-footer from Bangalore fired the imagination of the country with a sensational Ranji Trophy debut here against Uttar Pradesh ... Talk of grabbing the opportunity ... This was to change his destiny ... While training in Mandya with the Vidyaranya Cricket Club, he would invariably miss the 6.45 pm bus, the last one to his village, and would walk the 5 km distance in near darkness ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
The Times of India
26 Oct 2012
DHARWAD. Ancient Indian scriptures like Vedas, Upanishads and the Bhagavad Geeta are treasure troves of knowledge and it is important to preserve them and practice the values preached by them, said Dattavadhoota of Brahmachaitanya Ashram (Hebballi) here on Friday ... Pontiff of Kudli Shringeri Mutt Vidyabhinava Vidyaranya Bharati Swamy graced the occasion ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Times of India
12 Oct 2012
MYSORE. Here's an opportunity to know how to write applications for RTI and seek information under the "most-powerful act" ... According to MAC members, many people are unaware of RTI, despite after eight years of its enforcement. MAC member and RTI activist G R Vidyaranya said there is lack of awareness about RTI among people ... "But they have to come with the relevant documents," Vidyaranya added ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
The Times of India
03 Oct 2012
HYDERABAD. Justice L Narasimha Reddy of high court has criticised the attitude of the state government and the board of intermediate education for virtually functioning like front offices of some powerful corporate houses at a time when government and aided junior colleges were being closed down ... The judge was dealing with a writ petition filed by Vidyaranya Junior College, Warangal ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
DNA India
18 Sep 2012
This time around, Sri Vidyaranya Yuvaka Snagha on behalf of Bengaluru Ganesha Utsava 2012 will be making a 6,001 kg laddu for Lord Ganesha ... 300kg of maida, 700kg of dry fruits, 2,800kg of sugar, one kilogram of saffron and 1,800 kg of ghee,â said Mamatha, a member of the Vidyaranya Yuvaka Sangha....(size: 1.5Kb)
The Hindu
03 Sep 2012
The event, organised by Shri Vidyaranya Yuvaka Sangha, not only attracted Bangalore’s art lovers, but also received applause from the foreigners living in the city. The participants for the finale were selected from among the 340 who fought it out at a competition held on Margosa Road in August ... According to Netravati M....(size: 1.5Kb)
The Times of India
16 Aug 2012
SHARE. AND. DISCUSS. Tweet. Many companies are going all out to get employee buy-in into their sustainability programmes. from recognising and rewarding efforts among staff and funding events they organise ... Vishwas Vidyaranya is now trying to produce electricity from bacteria and Deepan is looking at seawater as a source for power, in Mysore and Chennai respectively ... Employees have a key role in enabling this." ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Deccan Chronicle
26 Jun 2012
The fate of the state archaeology department’s much-hyped treasure hunt at Vidyaranya School, Saifabad, is hanging in balance as the Central government has not given a go-ahead though permission was sought almost three months ago ... However, almost three months have lapsed, but no reply has come from the Centre ... P ... Prof ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
For Madhvacharya, the proponent of Dvaita philosophy, see Madhvacharya.
| Sri Vidyaranya Mahaswamiji | |
|---|---|
| Personal | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Senior posting | |
| Title | Jagadguru of Sringeri Sharada Peetham |
| Period in office | 1380–1386 |
| Predecessor | Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha |
| Successor | Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati I |
Vidyāraṇya also known as Mādhava Vidyāranya is variously known as being a kingmaker, patron saint and high priest to Harihara Raya I and Bukka Raya I, the founders of the Vijayanagar Empire. He was the 12th Jagadguru of the Sringeri Sharada Peetham from 1380 to 1386 A.D.[1] He was born to Māyaṇācārya and Śrīmatīdevī in Pampakṣetra (modern day Hampi) in 1268 CE. Another account has it that he was born in Ekasila nagari (modern Warangal). He helped the brothers establish the empire sometime in 1336 AD. He later served as a mentor and guide to three generations of kings who ruled over the Vijayanagar empire. Vijayanagara or Hampi, the capital of the empire, has a temple dedicated to Mādhavācārya. He is the author of the Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha (सर्वदर्शनसङ्रह), a compendium of different philosophical schools of Hindu thought and Pañcadaśī, an important text in the Advaita Vedanta tradition.
Contents |
As Vidyaranya[link]
Vidyaranya was an exponent of the Advaita school of philosophy in Hinduism. He is said to be the brother of Sāyaṇācārya who wrote a commentary on the four Vedas. He was a Hindu statesman and philosopher who lived at the court of Vijayanagara, the Southern Hindu kingdom. He is believed to have served as a minister under King Bukka of the Vijayanagara empire. His younger brother, Shyapa, was associated with him in the administration and was a famous commentator on the Rigveda. Shyapa's commentaries were influenced by and dedicated to Mādhava.
Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha[link]
Vidyaranya's most famous works are Pārāśara-Mādhavīya and the Sarva-darśana-saṅ̇graha (Compendium of Speculations), a compendium of all the known Indian schools of philosophy. To quote Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, the Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha “sketches sixteen systems of thought so as to exhibit a gradually ascending series, culminating in the Advaita Vedanta (or non-dualism).” The sixteen systems of philosophy expounded by him are:[2]
- Cārvāka
- Buddhism
- Arhata or Jaina
- Purna-Prajna
- Nakulisa-Pasupata
- Saivaism
- Pratyabhijña
- Raseśvara
- Vaiseshika or Aulukya
- Akshapada or Nyaya
- Jaimini
- Paniniya
- Sankhya
- Patanjala or Yoga
- Vedanta or Adi Shankara
The Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha itself doesn’t contain the 16th chapter (Advaita Vedanta, or the system of Sankara), the absence of which is explained by a paragraph at the end of the 15th chapter, (the Patanjali-Darsana). It says: “The system of Sankara, which comes next in succession, and which is the crest-gem of all systems, has been explained by us elsewhere, it is therefore left untouched here”.[3]
Vidyaranya tries to refute, chapter by chapter, the other systems of thought prominent in his day. Other than Buddhist and Jaina philosophies Vidyaranya draws quotes directly from the works of their founders or leading exponents[4] and it also has to be added that in this work, with remarkable mental detachment, he places himself in the position of an adherent of sixteen distinct philosophical systems.
Sarvadarśanasaṅ̇graha is one of the few available sources of information about lokayata, the materialist system of philosophy in ancient India. In the very first chapter, "The Cārvāka System", he critiques the arguments of lokayatikas. While doing so he quotes extensively from Cārvāka works. It is possible that some of these arguments put forward as the lokayata point of view may be a mere caricature of lokayata philosophy. Yet in the absence of any original work of lokayatikas, all of which have been destroyed, it is one of the very few sources of information available today on materialist philosophy in ancient India.
Pañcadaśī[link]
Vidyaranya's Pañcadaśī is a standard text on the philosophy of the Advaita Vedanta tradition. It consists of fifteen chapters which are divided into three sections of five chapters each, which are designated as Viveka(Discrimination), Dipa(Illumination) and Ananda(Bliss). The text elucidates many Vedantic concepts such as, the five sheaths of an individuality, the relation between Isvara(God), Jagat(world) and Jiva(individual), the indistinguishability of cause and effect etc.[5]
Vidyaranya also wrote a commentary on the Mimalps Sutras. He attained Siddhi after a six year stint as an acharya of the monastery of Sringeri.
Founding of Vijayanagara empire[link]
Harihara Raya I and Bukka Raya I were two Kannada Hoysala Dynasty Army Chiefs. After the Kakatiyas were defeated by Muslim sultans, Harahara and Bukka were forced to convert to Islam. Vidyaranya identified them, reconverted them back and asked them to identify a place to establish a Hindu empire.
When they were traveling, they found a place where a rabbit was chasing a dog. When Vidyaranya was told about the miracle at this place, he planned to establish the kingdom there. As Vidyaranya was also a great astrologer, he as identified a muhurta (auspicious time) for laying the foundation stone, so that the empire would last for 2000 years. When everything was set, the guru told his students that he would go over the next hill, observe the celestial star positions and blow the shankha, or conch shell horn, at which moment the students should lay the foundation stone. After some time, Harihara and Bukka heard a sound of conch and the laid the foundation stone. After a few minutes, they heard another sound. Later the guru asked them for which sound they laid the stone, to which they replied, the first one. The guru calculated the horoscope for the time at which the first sound was heard. He predicted that the empire would last for only two hundred years. The first blow of conch was by a Jangama-Devaru (one who begs). It is said that before the event had happened, Vidyaranya, seeing the Muslim genocide of Hindus, did tapas (Meditation) for Bhuvaneswari Devi (the goddess of the Earth). When she appeared, he asked her for a Hindu empire for 2000 years, but she said that the time does not favor Hindus and gave the boon for only 200 years.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
References[link]
- Cowell, E.B.; Gough, A.E. (1882). Sarva-Darsana Sangraha of Madhava Acharya: Review of Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy. New Delhi: Indian Books Centre/Sri Satguru Publications. ISBN 81-703-0875-5.
- Indian Philosophy - a Popular Introduction: Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, 7th edition 1993
- Krishnananda, (Swami). The Philosophy of the Panchadasi. Rishikesh: The Divine Life Society Sivananda Ashram.
- Radhakrishnan, S (1929). Indian Philosophy, Volume 1. Muirhead library of philosophy (2nd edition ed.). London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd..
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mādhava Āchārya". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
External links[link]
- Biography at freeindia.org
- Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha by Madhavacharya (Vidyaranya Swami) - tr by E.B.Cowell (1882) at archive.org
- Vivarana Prameya Sangrah by Vidyaranya Swami (Sanskrit Text with Hindi Translation) at archive.org
- Panchadasi by Vidyaranya Swami, with Hindi translation at archive.org
- Panchadasi by Vidyaranya Swami, with English translation at archive.org
- Taittiriyaka-Vidyaprakash of Vidyaranya at archive.org
- Shankara Digvijaya [1] [2] at archive.org
| Preceded by Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha |
Jagadguru of Sringeri Sharada Peetham 1380–1386 |
Succeeded by Sri Chandrasekhara Bharati I |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Vidyaranya |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Hindu Jagadguru |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
