- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 36317
- author: TheTrueScotland
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- Adomnán
- Adomnán of Iona
- Alex Woolf
- Ammianus Marcellinus
- Angles
- Anglo-Saxon art
- Anglo-Saxons
- Angus
- Annales Cambriae
- Annals of Tigernach
- Annals of Ulster
- Anne Rice
- Arthur Ransome
- Atholl
- Badon Hill
- Barbara Yorke
- Barley
- Beans
- Bede
- Bernicia
- Bran Mak Morn
- Brigantes
- Brigid of Kildare
- Britannia
- British Iron Age
- British Museum
- Britons (historical)
- Brochs
- Bronze Age
- Brythonic languages
- Buchan
- Burghead
- Cabbage
- Caithness
- Caledonians
- Caledonii
- Carpe Jugulum
- Carrots
- Celt
- Celtic Art
- Celtic brooch
- Celtic polytheism
- Central Europe
- Centurion (film)
- Christianity
- Columba
- Crannóg
- Cruthin
- Culross
- Cáin Adomnáin
- Dauvit Broun
- De Situ Albanie
- Degsastan
- Deira (kingdom)
- Discworld
- Domnall Brecc
- Drostan
- Duan Albanach
- Dumbarton
- Dunadd
- Duncan Kenworthy
- Dunkeld
- Dupplin Cross
- Dál Riata
- Early Middle Ages
- Easter
- Easter Ross
- Eastern Europe
- Eponym
- Eumenius
- Fife
- Finnian of Moville
- Flax
- Fortriu
- Francis John Byrne
- Franco Columbu
- G.W.S. Barrow
- Gael
- Gaels
- Gaul
- Goidelic languages
- Greek language
- Hacksilver
- Hadrian's Wall
- Hagiography
- Historia Britonum
- Historia Regum
- Iconography
- Insular art
- Interlace (art)
- Iona
- Ireland
- Irish annals
- Irish Annals
- Irish language
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- Iron Age
- Jacqueline Carey
- John Toland
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- Kilns
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- Neil Marshall
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- Old English language
- Onions
- Onomastics
- Orkney
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- Painted pebbles
- Palladius
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- Peas
- Pech (mythology)
- Penannular brooch
- Perth, Scotland
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- PICT
- Pictish Beast
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- Pictish stones
- Picts
- Picts in fantasy
- Pitmedden
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-
Aberdeen
Coordinates: 57°09′09″N 2°06′36″W / 57.1526°N 2.1100°W / 57.1526; -2.1100
Aberdeen
i/æbərˈdiːn/ (Scots: Aiberdeen 
listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Obar Dheathain [ˈopər ˈʝɛhɪn]) is Scotland's third most populous city, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas and the United Kingdom's 29th most populous city, with an official population estimate of 220,420.
Nicknames include the Granite City, the Grey City and the Silver City with the Golden Sands. During the mid-18th to mid-20th centuries, Aberdeen's buildings incorporated locally quarried grey granite, whose mica deposits sparkle like silver. The city has a long, sandy coastline. Since the discovery of North Sea oil in the 1970s, other nicknames have been the Oil Capital of Europe or the Energy Capital of Europe. The area around Aberdeen has been settled since at least 8,000 years ago, when prehistoric villages lay around the mouths of the rivers Dee and Don.
Aberdeen received Royal Burgh status from King David I (1124–53), transforming the city economically. The city's two universities, the University of Aberdeen, founded in 1495, and The Robert Gordon University, which was awarded university status in 1992, make Aberdeen the educational centre of the north-east. The traditional industries of fishing, paper-making, shipbuilding, and textiles have been overtaken by the oil industry and Aberdeen's seaport. Aberdeen Heliport is one of the busiest commercial heliports in the world and the seaport is the largest in the north-east of Scotland.
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Angus
Angus (Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City. Main industries include agriculture and fishing.
Angus was historically a county (known officially as Forfarshire from the 18th century until 1928, when it reverted to its ancient name) until 1975 when it became a district of the Tayside Region. In 1996, two-tier local government was abolished and Angus was established as one of the replacement single-tier Council Areas. The former county had borders with Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west. Southwards, it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The boundaries of the present council area are exactly the same as those of the old county minus the City of Dundee.
Areas similar to that of the council area are covered by the Angus Westminster constituency for the UK Parliament and the area is also represented at the Scottish Parliament by both the Angus and North Tayside Holyrood constituencies.
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Atholl
Atholl or Athole (Scottish Gaelic: Athall; Old Gaelic Athfhotla) is a large historical division in the Scottish Highlands. Today it forms the northern part of Perth and Kinross, Scotland bordering Marr, Badenoch, Breadalbane, Strathearn, Perth and Lochaber.
Atholl was historically a mormaerdom or earldom. The first recorded Earl of Atholl was Matad, Earl of Atholl sometime in the 12th century. In 1703 the title was made a Dukedom by Queen Anne. The title also holds numerous subsidiary titles. These include: Marquess of Atholl (created 1676), Marquess of Tullibardine (1703), Earl of Atholl (1629), Earl of Tullibardine (1606 and 1676), Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle (1703), Viscount of Balquhidder (1676), Lord Murray of Tullibardine (1604), Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask (1676) and Baron Percy (1722). The Barony of Percy forms part of the peerage of Great Britain; all other titles belong in the peerage of Scotland.
The right of the Earls of Atholl to hold courts for the area were ended in 1746 by the Heritable Jurisdictions Act, and the district subsequently became part of the sheriffdom and later county of Perthshire.
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Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice; Latin: Bernicia) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.
The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland and Durham, and the former Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Bernicia is mentioned in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum (§ 61) under the Welsh name of Berneich or Birneich and in Old Welsh poetry and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. This may reflect the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom or province, which was subsequently adopted by the Anglian settlers and rendered as Bernice or Beornice in the Old English tongue. If such forms represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, it is unclear why Welsh would need to borrow a 'foreign' name for the area, so the former hypothesis is usually accepted, although no etymological analysis has produced a consensus. The etymology which is most widely cited is that tentatively proposed by Kenneth H. Jackson, which gives the meaning "Land of the Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps". The earlier derivation from the tribal name of the Brigantes has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *Bernech with the native form *Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.
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British Museum
Coordinates: 51°31′10″N 0°07′37″W / 51.519459°N 0.126931°W / 51.519459; -0.126931
The British Museum, in London, is widely considered to be one of the world's greatest museums of human history and culture. Its permanent collection, numbering some eight million works, is amongst the finest, most comprehensive, and largest in existence and originates from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.
The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries was largely a result of an expanding British colonial footprint and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum (Natural History) in South Kensington in 1887. Some objects in the collection, most notably the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon, are the objects of intense controversy and of calls for restitution to their countries of origin.
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Buchan
Buchan ( /ˈbʌxən/) is one of the six committee areas and administrative areas of Aberdeenshire Council, Scotland. These areas were created by the council in 1996, when the Aberdeenshire unitary council area was created under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994. The council area was formed by merging three districts of the Grampian region, Banff and Buchan, Gordon and Kincardine and Deeside. The area is also an historic district and earldom, shown on maps as early as 1708. The Earldom of Mar and Buchan formed one of the seven original Scottish earldoms; later the Earl of Buchan became separated from Mar The district was eventually combined into the county of Aberdeenshire, along with Marr and later The Mearns.
The Buchan area has a population of 39,160 (2001 census) and an area of 547 km2. It contains the town of Peterhead and is adjacent to the committee and administrative areas of Banff and Buchan and Formartine. RAF Buchan, a radar station, is in the area.
Peterhead is the largest town in Buchan and Aberdeenshire; the principal white fish landing port in Europe; and a major oil industry service centre. Equally important is the nearby gas terminal at St Fergus.
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Burghead
Coordinates: 57°42′02″N 3°29′05″W / 57.700426°N 3.484677°W / 57.700426; -3.484677
Burghead (Scots: Burgheid or The Broch, Scottish Gaelic: Am Broch) is a small town in Moray, Scotland, about 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Elgin. The town is mainly built on a peninsula that projects north-westward into the Moray Firth, meaning that most of the town has sea on 3 sides. The present town was built between 1805 and 1809, destroying in the process more than half of the site of an important Pictish hill fort. General Roy’s map shows the defences as they existed in the 18th century but he wrongly attributed them to the Romans. The fort was probably a major Pictish centre and was where carved slabs depicting bulls were found; they are known as the "Burghead Bulls". A chambered well of some considerable antiquity was discovered in 1809 and walls and a roof were later added to help preserve it. Each year on January 11 a fire festival known as the Burning of the Clavie takes place; it is thought that the festival dates back to the 17th century, although it could easily predate this by several centuries. Burghead is often known as The Broch by locals; confusingly, Fraserburgh is also known by this name.
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Caithness
Caithness (Scots: Caitnes,Scottish Gaelic: Gallaibh) is a registration county, lieutenancy area and historic local government area of Scotland. The name was used also for the earldom of Caithness and the Caithness constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1708 to 1918). Boundaries are not identical in all contexts, but the Caithness area is now entirely within the Highland council area. In 2007 the Highland Council, which is now the local government authority, created the Caithness ward management area, which has boundaries similar to those of the historic local government area.
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Culross
Coordinates: 56°03′19″N 3°37′45″W / 56.0554°N 3.6293°W / 56.0554; -3.6293
The town of Culross, pronounced "Coo-ros", (Gaelic: Cuileann Ros) is a former royal burgh in Fife, Scotland.
According to the 2006 estimate, the village has a population of 395. Originally the town served as a port city on the Firth of Forth and is believed to have been founded by Saint Serf during the 6th century.
A legend states that when the British princess (and future saint) Teneu, daughter of the king of Lothian, fell pregnant before marriage, her family threw her from a cliff. She survived the fall unharmed, and was soon met by an unmanned boat. She knew she had no home to go to, so she got into the boat; it sailed her across the Firth of Forth to land at Culross where she was cared for by Saint Serf; he became foster-father of her son, Saint Kentigern or Mungo (d. 612).
During the 16th and 17th centuries, the town was a centre of the coal mining industry. Sir George Bruce of Carnock, who built the splendid 'Palace' of Culross and whose elaborate family monument stands in the north transept of the Abbey church, established at Culross, the first coal mine in the world to extend under the sea, in 1575. The mine worked what is now known as the Upper Hirst coal seam, with ingenious contrivances to drain the constant leakage from above. This mine was considered one of the marvels of the British Isles in the early 17th century, until it was destroyed in a storm, in 1625.
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Dumbarton
Coordinates: 55°57′00″N 4°34′00″W / 55.95°N 4.566667°W / 55.95; -4.566667
Dumbarton (from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Breatainn meaning "fort of the Britons",pronounced [t̪umˈpɾʲɛʰt̪ɪɲ]) is a town and burgh which is the administrative centre of the council area of West Dunbartonshire, and formerly of the historic county of Dunbartonshire, in the West-Central Lowlands of Scotland. The town lies on the north bank of the River Clyde where the River Leven flows into the Clyde estuary. As of 2006, the town had an estimated population of 19,990 and forms a conurbation with Alexandria, Bonhill and Renton with a combined estimated population of 44,690.
Dumbarton functioned as the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Strathclyde, and later as the county town of the county of Dunbartonshire.Dumbarton Castle, sitting on top of Dumbarton Rock, dominates the area. Dumbarton was a Royal burgh between 1222 and 1975.
Dumbarton emerged from the 19th century as a centre for shipbuilding, glassmaking, and whisky production. However these industries have since declined, or demised altogether, and Dumbarton today increasingly functions as a commuter town for the major City of Glasgow which is 13 miles (21 km) east-southeast. Dumbarton F.C. is the burgh's local association football club.
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Dunadd
Dunadd, (Scottish Gaelic Dún Add, 'fort on the [River] Add'), is an Iron Age and later hillfort near Kilmartin in Argyll and Bute, Scotland and believed to be the capital of the ancient kingdom of Dál Riata.
Dunadd is a rocky crag that may have been one time an island and now lies inland near the River Add, from which it takes its name, a little north of Lochgilphead (NR 836 936). The surrounding land, now largely reclaimed, was formerly boggy and known as the Mòine Mhòr 'Great Moss' in Gaelic. This no doubt increased the defensive potential of the site.
Originally occupied in the Iron Age, the site later became a seat of the kings of Dál Riata. It is known for its unique stone carvings below the upper enclosure, including a footprint and basin thought to have formed part of Dál Riata's coronation ritual. On the same flat outcrop of rock is an incised boar in Pictish style, and an inscription in the ogham script. The inscription is read as referring to a Finn Manach and is dated to the late 8th century or after.
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Dunkeld
Coordinates: 56°33′52″N 3°35′06″W / 56.564341°N 3.584886°W / 56.564341; -3.584886
Dunkeld (Scots: Dunkell, from Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Chailleann) is a small town in Strathtay, Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It is about 15 miles north of Perth on the eastern side of the A9 road into the Scottish Highlands and on the opposite (north) side of the Tay from the Victorian village of Birnam. Dunkeld and Birnam share a railway station, (Dunkeld and Birnam railway station) on the Highland Main Line. Population 1,170 (2004).
On the western side of the A9 is The Hermitage, a National Trust for Scotland site. Dunkeld Cathedral is on the north bank of the River Tay.
The name Dùn Chailleann means Fort of the Caledonii or of the Caledonians. The 'fort' is presumably that on King's Seat, slightly north of the town (NO 009 440). Both these place-names imply an early importance for the area of the later town and bishop's seat, stretching back into the Iron Age.
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Dupplin Cross
The Dupplin Cross is a carved, monumental Pictish stone, which dates from around 800 A.D. It was first recorded by Thomas Pennant in 1769, on a hillside in Strathearn, a little to the north (and on the opposite bank of the river Earn from) Forteviot and Dunning. In 2002 it was placed in the care of Historic Scotland, and was placed for preservation under the 12th century tower of St Serf's church in Dunning (also in the care of Historic Scotland). Open to the public April-September.
The Dupplin Cross is a high cross, that is a free-standing stone cross. While relatively common in Ireland, Northumbria and in Dál Riata, such crosses are rare survivals in the lands of the Picts, though fragments of shattered crosses (probably cast down during the 16th century Reformation) show that a number once existed. Early records report that a second cross, 'Cross of Dronachy', stood on the lands of Invermay, south of Forteviot and also overlooking Forteviot, but this is now lost. The cross base survives in situ, but the records do not provide details of its exact form.
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Easter Ross
Coordinates: 57°40′05″N 4°23′42″W / 57.668°N 4.395°W / 57.668; -4.395
Easter Ross (Ros an Ear in Scots Gaelic) is a loosely defined area in the east of Ross, Highland, Scotland.
The name is used in the constituency name Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross, which is the name of both a British House of Commons constituency and a Scottish Parliament constituency. The two constituencies have however different boundaries.
Places in Easter Ross include:
The area has quite a distinctive accent, and is well known for its heavy use of the word "bey" (boy).
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Fife
Coordinates: 56°15′00″N 3°12′00″W / 56.25°N 3.2°W / 56.25; -3.2
Fife ([ˈfəif]; Scottish Gaelic: Fìobha) is a council area and former county of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. It was once one of the major Pictish kingdoms, known as Fib, and is still commonly known as the Kingdom of Fife within Scotland.
It is a lieutenancy area, and was a county of Scotland until 1975. It was very occasionally known by the anglicisation Fifeshire in old documents and maps compiled by English cartographers and authors. A person from Fife is known as a Fifer.
Fife was a local government region divided into three districts: Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and North-East Fife. Since 1996 the functions of the district councils have been exercised by the unitary Fife Council.
Fife is Scotland's third largest local authority area by population. It has a resident population of just under 360,000, almost a third of whom live in the three principal towns of Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and Glenrothes. Kirkcaldy is Fife's largest town by population (48,108 in 2006), followed by Dunfermline (45,462 in 2006) and then Glenrothes (38,927 in 2006).
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Iona
Iona (Scottish Gaelic: Ì Chaluim Chille) is a small island in the Inner Hebrides off the western coast of Scotland. It was a centre of Irish monasticism for four centuries and is today renowned for its tranquility and natural beauty. It is a popular tourist destination and a place for retreats. Its modern Gaelic name means "Iona of (Saint) Columba" (formerly anglicised "Icolmkill").
The Hebrides have been occupied by the speakers of several languages since the Iron Age, and as a result many of the names of these islands have more than one possible meaning. Nonetheless few, if any, can have accumulated so many different names over the centuries as the island now known in English as "Iona".
The earliest forms of the name enabled place-name scholar William J. Watson to show that the name originally meant something like "yew-place". The element Ivo-, denoting "yew", occurs in Ogham inscriptions (Iva-cattos [genitive], Iva-geni [genitive]) and in Gaulish names (Ivo-rix, Ivo-magus) and may form the basis of early Gaelic names like Eogan (ogham: Ivo-genos). It is possible that the name is related to the mythological figure, Fer hÍ mac Eogabail, foster-son of Manannan, the forename meaning "man of the yew".
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Ireland
Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] (
listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
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Irish Sea
The Irish Sea (Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann,Scottish Gaelic: Muir Èireann or Muir Mhanainn,Manx: Mooir Vannin or Y Keayn Yernagh,Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Scots: Erse Sea) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.
The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing, and power generation in the form of wind power and nuclear plants. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland amounts to over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes of traded goods.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows:
On the North. The Southern limit of the Scottish Seas [or Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, defined as "a line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland"].
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Lake District
The Lake District, also commonly known as The Lakes, is a mountainous region in North West England. A popular holiday destination, it is famous not only for its lakes and its mountains (or fells) but also for its associations with the early 19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and the other Lake Poets.
The majority of the area was designated as the Lake District National Park in 1951. It is the largest of the thirteen National Parks in England and Wales, and the second largest in the UK (after the Cairngorms). It lies entirely within the modern county of Cumbria, shared historically by the counties of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire. All the land in England higher than three thousand feet above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest lakes in England, Wastwater and Windermere, respectively.
The precise extent of the Lake District was not defined traditionally but is approximated by the boundary of the National Park, the total area of which is about 885 square miles (2,292 km2). The Park extends just over 32 miles (52 km) from east to west and nearly 40 miles (64 km) from north to south, with areas such as the Lake District Peninsulas to the south lying outside the National Park.
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Lhanbryde
Lhanbryde (Gaelic: Lann Brìghde) is a village in Moray, Scotland, four miles east of Elgin. Previously bisected by the A96, it was bypassed in the early 1990s and now lies to the north of this busy trunk road. Home of Blair Campbell; the greatest.
The origin of the name "Lhanbryde" is thought to be Pictish, meaning the "Church Place of St Bride ". Why the name has emerged in modern times in its very Welsh form is unclear. The village name was recorded as Lamanbride in 1215; Lambride at the end of the 14th century; Lambry in 1600; and Longbride in 1750. One possibility might have been with the arrival of a post office in the village in 1839, a process that elsewhere fixed names in place – and sometimes changed them. Another might have been the arrival in 1858 of the railway from Elgin to Keith, on which Lhanbryde had a station. Little remains of the church after which Lhanbryde is named. A churchyard stands above the north side of the main road in the centre of the village, but by 1796 the church that stood here – itself probably only the last in a series on the site – was in a state of ruin and was demolished.
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Lothian
Lothian (Scots: Lowden; Scottish Gaelic: Lodainne) forms a traditional region of the Scottish Lowlands, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills. The Lothian region includes Edinburgh City, West Lothian, Mid Lothian and East Lothian. The principal settlement in Lothian is the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. Towns include Livingston, Linlithgow, Bathgate and Dunbar.
Historically, the term Lothian is used for a province encompassing the present area plus the Scottish Borders region. The name is related to the legendary British King Loth or Lot. In the 7th century it came under the control of the northern part of the Angle Kingdom of Northumbria for a time, but Anglian grip on Lothian was quickly weakened following the Battle of Dun Nechtain in which they were defeated by the Picts. Lothian's distinction from Northumbria is indicated in the survival of its original Brythonic Celtic name, used even by English Chroniclers. In 1018 AD Lothian was annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland.
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Marr
Marr is one of six committee areas in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, bordering Atholl, Badenoch, Gowrie, The Mearns, Banff and Buchan.[citation needed] It has a population of 34,038 (2001 Census). Someone from Marr is called a Màrnach in Scottish Gaelic.[citation needed]
To the west, the mountain environment of the Cairngorms National Park sustains a well-developed tourist industry based on heritage and outdoor pursuits. Forestry and livestock farming are key industries, particularly in remoter areas. Part of the area has qualified for EU financial assistance. To the east, Marr has experienced population growth due to its strong commuter links with the city of Aberdeen.[citation needed]
The committee area consists of three wards of Aberdeenshire council:
Between them the three wards elect 10 councillors to the sixty-eight member council.
Marr is named after Mar, one of the historic districts of Scotland, extending from north of the Don southward to the Mounth. Like other such districts, it was under the rule of a mormaer in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century an earl (the Earl of Mar) took his place, but no definite succession of earls appears till the 13th century, nor is any connection established between them and the mormaers.
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Moray
Moray (pronounced Murray, Scottish Gaelic Moireibh or Moireabh, Latin Moravia) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland.
The Moray council area was established in 1975; see History of the subdivisions of Scotland and History of local government in Scotland.
The Moray council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the former Moray district of the two-tier Grampian region.
Local government districts had their own directly elected councils. Therefore, they were said to be part of a two-tier system of local government. This was abolished by the 1994 legislation, in favour of unitary council areas. The districts, and the regions, had been formed in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.
The Moray district had been formed by combining the local government county of Moray, except Grantown-on-Spey and Cromdale areas, with Aberlour, Buckie, Cullen, Dufftown, Findochty, Keith and Portknockie areas of the county of Banff. The Grantown-on-Spey and Cromdale areas had been combined with Kingussie and Badenoch areas of the county of Inverness to form the Badenoch and Strathspey district of the Highland region.
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Northumbria
Northumbria (Old English: Norþanhymbra / Norþhymbre) was a mediæval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.
Northumbria was formed by Æthelfrith in central Great Britain in Anglo-Saxon times. At the beginning of the 7th century the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were unified. (In the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon the kingdom was defined as one of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.) At its greatest the kingdom extended at least from just south of the Humber, to the River Mersey and to the Forth (roughly, Sheffield to Runcorn to Edinburgh) – and there is some evidence that it may have been much greater (see map).
The later (and smaller) earldom came about when the southern part of Northumbria (ex-Deira) was lost to the Danelaw. The northern part (ex-Bernicia) at first retained its status as a kingdom but when it become subordinate to the Danish kingdom it had its powers curtailed to that of an earldom, and retained that status when England was reunited by the Wessex-led reconquest of the Danelaw. The earldom was bounded by the River Tees in the south and the River Tweed in the north (broadly similar to the modern North East England).
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Orkney
Orkney (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh) also known as the Orkney Islands (and sometimes "the Orkneys", a name which locals disparage), is an archipelago in northern Scotland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness. Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland" has an area of 523.25 square kilometres (202.03 sq mi) making it the sixth largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.
The name "Orkney" dates back to the 1st century BC or earlier, and the islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years. Originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts, Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway in 875 and settled by the Norse. It was subsequently annexed to the Scottish Crown in 1472, following the failed payment of a dowry for James III's bride, Margaret of Denmark. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, and the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Perthshire
Perthshire, officially the County of Perth (Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Pheairt), is a registration county in central Scotland. It extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south. It was a local government county from 1890 to 1930.
Perthshire was known as the "big county" and had a wide variety of landscapes, from the rich agricultural straths in the east, to the high mountains of the southern Highlands.
Perthshire was a top-level local government area between 1890 and 1975, governed by a county council. From 1930, a joint county council was formed with the neighbouring small county of Kinross-shire, linking the two.
The county was abolished in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and split between Central and Tayside Regions:
The two-tier system introduced in 1975 was replaced by a system of unitary authorities in 1996. The area of the former county is now divided between the council areas of Clackmannanshire, Perth and Kinross and Stirling. The area included in Dundee in 1975 was transferred to Perth and Kinross.
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Pitmedden
Coordinates: 57°20′13″N 2°10′48″W / 57.337°N 2.18°W / 57.337; -02.180
Pitmedden is a rural village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, situated midway between Ellon and Oldmeldrum, and approximately 16 miles (26 km) distant from Aberdeen. In addition to local shops, primary school, church, village hall and parks, the village is home to the National Trust for Scotland's Pitmedden Garden and the Formartine United Football Club.
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Portmahomack
Coordinates: 57°50′13″N 3°49′39″W / 57.83695°N 3.82746°W / 57.83695; -3.82746
Portmahomack (Scottish Gaelic: Port Mo Chalmaig; 'Haven of My [ie. 'Saint'] Colmóc') is a small fishing village in Easter Ross, Scotland. It is situated in the Tarbat Peninsula in the parish of Tarbat. Tarbat Ness Lighthouse is about three miles from the village at the end of the Tarbat Peninsula. Ballone Castle lies about a mile from the village. There is evidence of early settlement and the area seems to have been the site of significant activity during the time of the Picts and the Vikings. The village is situated on a sandy bay and has a small harbour designed by Thomas Telford. Portmahomack lies inside the Moray Firth Special Area of Conservation with the associated dolphin and whale watching activity.
The village has a primary school, a golf course one hotel, a number of places to eat and a shop with a sub-post office. The nearest rail access is at Fearn railway station and the nearest commercial airport is at Inverness Airport. The nearest town with full services is Tain lying approximately ten miles to the west. Tain also has rail access. The hamlet of Rockfield is nearby and is accessed via the village of Portmahomack.
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Rosemarkie
Coordinates: 57°35′30″N 4°06′55″W / 57.59162°N 4.11516°W / 57.59162; -4.11516
Rosemarkie (from the Scottish Gaelic: Ros Mhaircnidh meaning Promontory of the Horse Stream) is a village on the south coast of the Black Isle peninsula in northern Scotland.
Rosemarkie lies a quarter of a mile east of the town of Fortrose. The pair make up the Royal Burgh Of Fortrose and Rosemarkie, situated either side of the Chanonry Ness promontory, approximately twelve miles north-east of Inverness.
Rosemarkie fronts on a wide, picturesque bay, with views of Fort George and the Moray coastline across the Moray Firth. Rosemarkie has one of the finest beaches on the Moray Firth Coast Line. At the southern end of the beach is Chanonry Point, reputed to be the best location on the United Kingdom mainland from which to see dolphins.
Rosemarkie is linked to Inverness by fairly irregular bus services, which are provided by Stagecoach Group.
Rosemarkie is probably best known for its collection of finely carved Pictish stones, which is one of the largest in Scotland at a single site. These 8th-9th century sculptures, found in and around the village churchyard, are displayed in the Groam House Museum, a converted 18th century town-house on the High Street (open in summer; entrance charge). These carved stones are evidence for a major early monastery at Rosemarkie, founded by, or associated with, Saint Moluag (d. 592) and Boniface, otherwise known as Curetán (fl. early 8th century). The sculptures include cross-slabs, shrine fragments and architectural pieces. One small fragment of a stone from Rosemarkie is in the Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
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Saint Ninian
Saint Ninian (traditionally 4th-5th century) is a Christian saint first mentioned in the 8th century as being an early missionary among the Pictish peoples of what is now Scotland. For this reason he is known as the Apostle to the Southern Picts, and there are numerous dedications to him in those parts of Scotland with a Pictish heritage, throughout the Scottish Lowlands, and in parts of Northern England with a Northumbrian heritage. In Scotland, Ninian is also known as Ringan, and as Trynnian in Northern England.
Ninian's major shrine was at Whithorn in Galloway, where he is associated with the Candida Casa (Latin for 'White House'). Nothing is known about his teachings, and there is no unchallenged authority for information about his life.
A link between the Ninian of tradition and a person who actually appears in the historical record is not yet confirmed, though Finnian of Moville has gained traction as a leading candidate. This article discusses the particulars and origins of what has come to be known as the "traditional" stories of Saint Ninian.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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St Andrews
Coordinates: 56°20′25″N 2°47′44″W / 56.3404°N 2.7955°W / 56.3404; -2.7955
St Andrews (Scots: Saunt Aundraes; Scottish Gaelic: Cill Rìmhinn) is a former royal burgh on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. The town is home to the University of St Andrews, the third oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of the UK's most prestigious. The University is an integral part of the burgh, and during term time students make up approximately one third of the town's population. St Andrews has a population of 16,680, making this the fifth largest settlement in Fife.
There has been an important church in St Andrews since at least the 8th century, and a bishopric since at least the 11th century. The settlement grew to the west of St Andrews cathedral with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the Kinness burn to the south. The burgh soon became the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, a position which was held until the Scottish Reformation. The famous cathedral, the largest in Scotland, now lies in ruins.
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Strathearn
Strathearn or Strath Earn ( /stræθˈɜrn/; from Scottish Gaelic) is the strath of the River Earn, in Scotland. It extends from Loch Earn in Perth and Kinross to the River Tay.
"Strathearn" or "Strathern" is also a surname in the United States and Northern Ireland, predominantly in the Bellaghy area of County Londonderry.
The royal dukedom of Strathearn has occasionally been awarded to members of the British Royal Family. Prince William was created Earl of Strathearn, as a subsidiary title to Duke of Cambridge, on 29 April 2011, the day of his wedding to Catherine Middleton.
Coordinates: 56°19′57″N 3°40′57″W / 56.3325°N 3.6825°W / 56.3325; -3.6825
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Sutherland
Sutherland is a registration county, lieutenancy area and former county of Scotland. It is now within the Highland council area. In Gaelic the area is referred to according to its traditional areas: Dùthaich Mhic Aoidh (or Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh) (NW), Asainte (Assynt), and Cataibh (East). However, Cataibh will often be used to refer to the area as a whole.
The county town, and only burgh of the county, was Dornoch. Other settlements include Bonar Bridge, Lairg, Brora, Durness, Embo, Tongue, Golspie, Helmsdale, Lochinver, Scourie and Kinlochbervie.
Sutherland became a local government area in 1890, and the county was abolished in 1975, when the Sutherland district was created as one of eight districts of the Highland Region. The region was created at the same time as the district. The district was abolished in 1996, when the region became a council area.
The name Sutherland dates from the era of Norse rule and settlement over much of the Highlands and Islands, under the rule of the jarl of Orkney. Although it contains some of the northernmost land in the island of Great Britain, it was called Suðrland ("southern land") from the standpoint of Orkney and Caithness.
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Traprain Law
Coordinates: 55°57′58″N 2°40′28″W / 55.96611°N 2.67444°W / 55.96611; -2.67444
Traprain Law is a hill about 221m (724 feet) in elevation, located 6 km (3.7 mi) east of Haddington in East Lothian, Scotland. It is the site of an oppidum or hill fort, which covered at its maximum extent about 16 ha (40 acres) and must have been a veritable town. Whether it was a seasonal meeting place or permanent settlement is a matter for speculation.
The hill was already a place of burial by around 1500 BC, and showed evidence of occupation and signs of ramparts after 1000 BC. The ramparts were rebuilt and re-aligned many times in the following centuries. Excavations have shown it was occupied in the Late Iron Age from about AD 40 through the last quarter of the 2nd century (about the time that the Antonine Wall was manned). Following the Roman withdrawal to the line of Hadrian's Wall it was occupied from about 220 almost uninterruptedly until about 400 when an impressive new rampart was built, then within a few decades the site was abandoned.
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Ulster
Ulster (Irish: Ulaidh or Cúige Uladh, Ulster Scots: Ulstèr or Ulster) is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island. In ancient Ireland, it was one of the fifths ruled by a "king of over-kings" Irish: rí ruirech. In modern times, clusters of counties have been attributed to certain provinces but these clusters have no legal status. The province itself, while enjoying common usage and forming a strong part of local identity, has no official function for local government purposes.
Ulster is composed of nine counties. Six of these (almost 57% of the land area) make up Northern Ireland: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. The three remaining counties (about 43% of the land area) are in the Republic of Ireland: Cavan, Donegal and Monaghan.
The name Ulster derives from the Irish Cúige Uladh (IPA: [ˈkuːɟ ˈʌlˠu, ˈʌlˠi]) meaning "The fifth of Uladh", a reference to the five regions into which ancient Ireland was divided. In the English language, the first part of the name ("Ul")refers to the Ulaidh tribes inhabiting this northernmost region. The latter part of the name ("ster") derives either from the Irish tír or the Old Norse staðr, both of which translate as "land" or "territory".
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Verulamium
Coordinates: 51°45′00″N 0°21′14″W / 51.7500°N 0.3539°W / 51.7500; -0.3539
Verulamium was an ancient town in Roman Britain. It was sited in the southwest of the modern city of St Albans in Hertfordshire, Great Britain. A large portion of the Roman city remains unexcavated, being now park and agricultural land, though much has been built upon (see below). The ancient Watling Street passed through the city.
Before the Romans, the settlement was known as Verulamion (perhaps meaning "[settlement of] Uerulamos [Broad-Hand]" in Brittonic), the capital of the Catuvellauni tribe. It was established by their leader Tasciovanus and in this pre-Roman form, was among the first places in Britain recorded by name.
The Roman settlement was granted the rank of municipium in c. AD 50, meaning its citizens had what were known as 'Latin Rights', a lesser citizenship status than the colonias possessed. It grew to a significant town, and as such received the attentions of Boudica of the Iceni in AD 61, when Verulamium was sacked and burnt: a black ash layer has been recorded by archaeologists, thus confirming the Roman written record. It grew steadily: by the early 3rd century it covered an area of about 125 acres (0.51 km2), behind a deep ditch and wall. It is the location of the martyrdom of the first English martyr saint, St Alban, who was a Roman patrician converted by the priest Amphibalus. This story is recorded by the monks of the abbey of the town, notably Brother Matthew Paris in his Anglo-Norman Vie de Seint Auban.
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Adomnán
Saint Adomnán of Iona (627/8 – 704) was abbot of Iona (679–704), hagiographer, statesman and clerical lawyer; he was the author of the most important Vita of Saint Columba and promulgator of the "Law of Innocents", lex innocentium, also called Cáin Adomnáin, "Law of Adomnán". In Ireland, especially in Derry and County Donegal, a popular Anglicised form of his name is Saint Eunan, from the Gaelic Naomh Adhamhnán.
Adomnán was a descendant of Colmán mac Sétna, a cousin of Saint Columba and the ancestor, through his son Ainmire, of the kings of Cenél Conaill. He was the son of Rónán mac Tinne by Ronat, a woman from the (northern) Uí Néill lineage known as the Cenél nÉnda. Adomnán's birthplace is Raphoe, in County Donegal in the Province of Ulster. Some of Adomnán's childhood anecdotes seem to confirm at least an upbringing in this area.
It is thought that Adomnán may have begun his monastic career at a Columban monastery called Druim Tuamma, but any Columban foundation in northern Ireland or Dál Riata is a possibility, although Durrow is a stronger possibility than most. He probably joined the Columban familia (i.e. the federation of monasteries under the leadership of Iona Abbey) around the year 640. Some modern commentators believe that he could not have come to Iona until sometime after the year 669, the year of the accession of Abbot Failbe, the first abbot of whom Adomnán gives any information. However, Richard Sharpe argues that he probably came to Iona during the abbacy of Ségéne (d. 652). Whenever or wherever Adomnán received his education, Adomnán attained a level of learning rare in Early Medieval northern Europe. It has been suggested by Alfred Smyth that Adomnán spent some years teaching and studying at Durrow, and while this is not accepted by all scholars, remains a strong possibility.
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Alex Woolf
Alex Woolf is a medieval historian based at the University of St Andrews. He specialises in the history of the British Isles and Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages, especially in relation to the peoples of Wales and Scotland. He is author of volume two in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland, covering the period between 789 and 1070. For this he won the 2008 Saltire Society award for "history book of the year".
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Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330–after 391) was a fourth-century Roman historian. He wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from Antiquity (the last was written by Procopius). His work chronicled in Latin the history of Rome from 96 to 378, although only the sections covering the period 353–378 are extant.
Ammianus was born between 325 and 330 in the Greek-speaking East, possibly at Antioch on the Orontes. The surviving books of his history, the Res Gestae, cover the years 353 to 378. Ammianus served as a soldier in the army of Constantius II in Gaul and Persia.
He was "a former soldier and a Greek" (miles quondam et graecus), he tells us, and his enrollment among the elite protectores domestici (household guards) shows that he was of noble birth. He entered the army at an early age, when Constantius II was emperor of the East, and was sent to serve under Ursicinus, governor of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and magister militum.
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Angles
The Angles is a modern English term for a Germanic people who took their name from the ancestral cultural region of Angeln, a district located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England".
The name of the Angles is first recorded in Latinized form, as Anglii, in the Germania of Tacitus. The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word *anguz meaning "narrow" (of an estuary) or "angular" (of the shape of the Jutland peninsula).
Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word. The country remained Anglia in Latin. King Alfred's (Alfred the Great) translation of Orosius' history of the world uses Angelcynn (-kin) to describe England and the English people; Bede used Angelfolc (-folk); there are also such forms as Engel, Englan (the people), Englaland, and Englisc, all showing i-mutation.
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Anne Rice
Anne Rice (born Howard Allen Frances O'Brien; October 4, 1941) is a best-selling American author of metaphysical gothic fiction, Christian literature and erotica from New Orleans. Her books have sold nearly 100 million copies, making her one of the most widely read authors in modern history. She was married to poet and painter Stan Rice for 41 years until his death from brain cancer in 2002.
Rice was born the second of four daughters of Irish Catholic parents, Howard O'Brien and Katherine "Kay" Allen O'Brien, in New Orleans. Rice's father worked for the U.S. Postal Service and authored the book, The Impulsive Imp, which was published posthumously. Rice's older sister, the late Alice Borchardt, was a noted genre author. Her husband, Stan Rice was a highly regarded poet, and their son, Christopher Rice is a bestselling author.
Rice's early years were marked by coping with her mother's advancing alcoholism and poverty. She lived in the Irish Channel of New Orleans, which she describes as an Irish Catholic ghetto, in the rented home of her maternal grandmother, Alice Allen, known as "Mamma Allen," at 2301 St. Charles Avenue. Mamma Allen, a hard working Irish Catholic woman who worked as a domestic after she separated from her alcoholic husband, was an important early influence in Rice's life, keeping the family and household together while Rice's mother sank deeper into alcoholism. She died in 1949, but the O'Briens remained in her home until 1956, when they moved to 2524 St. Charles Avenue, a former rectory, convent, and school owned by the parish, to be closer to the church and support for her mother's advanced alcoholism.
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Arthur Ransome
Arthur Michell Ransome (18 January 1884 – 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist, best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. These tell of school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing; other common subjects include fishing and camping. The books remain so popular that they provide a basis of a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water—the two lakes that Ransome used as the basis for his fictional North Country lake.
He also wrote about the literary life of London, and about Russia before, during, and after the revolutions of 1917.
Ransome was born in Leeds; the house at 6 Ash Grove, in the Hyde Park area, has a blue plaque over the door commemorating the event. Ransome's father was professor of history at Yorkshire College, Leeds. His father's death in 1897 had a lasting effect on Ransome.
Ransome received his formal education first in Windermere and then at Rugby School (where he lived in Lewis Carroll's study room) but did not entirely enjoy the experience, due to his poor eyesight, lack of athletic skill, and limited academic achievement. He attended Yorkshire College, his father's college, studying chemistry. After a year, he abandoned the college and went to London to become a writer. He took low-paying jobs as an office assistant in a publishing company and as editor of a failing magazine, Temple Bar Magazine, while writing and becoming a member of the literary scene of London.
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Barbara Yorke
Barbara Yorke (born 1951) is a historian of Anglo-Saxon England.
She studied history and archaeology at Exeter University, where she completed both her undergraduate degree and her Ph.D. She is currently Emeritus Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Winchester, and is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society. In 2011 she will give the Toller Lecture.
Her publications include:
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Bede
Bede ( /ˈbiːd/ BEED; Old English: Bǣda or Bēda; 672/673 – 26 May 735), also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede (Latin: Bēda Venerābilis), was an English monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow (see Monkwearmouth-Jarrow), both in the Kingdom of Northumbria. Bede's monastery had access to a superb library which included works by Eusebius and Orosius among many others.
He is well known as an author and scholar, and his most famous work, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (The Ecclesiastical History of the English People) gained him the title "The Father of English History". In 1899, Bede was made a Doctor of the Church by Leo XIII, a position of theological significance; he is the only native of Great Britain to achieve this designation (Anselm of Canterbury, also a Doctor of the Church, was originally from Italy). Bede was moreover a skilled linguist and translator, and his work with the Latin and Greek writings of the early Church Fathers contributed significantly to English Christianity, making the writings much more accessible to his fellow Anglo-Saxons.
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Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice; Latin: Bernicia) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.
The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland and Durham, and the former Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Bernicia is mentioned in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum (§ 61) under the Welsh name of Berneich or Birneich and in Old Welsh poetry and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. This may reflect the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom or province, which was subsequently adopted by the Anglian settlers and rendered as Bernice or Beornice in the Old English tongue. If such forms represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, it is unclear why Welsh would need to borrow a 'foreign' name for the area, so the former hypothesis is usually accepted, although no etymological analysis has produced a consensus. The etymology which is most widely cited is that tentatively proposed by Kenneth H. Jackson, which gives the meaning "Land of the Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps". The earlier derivation from the tribal name of the Brigantes has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *Bernech with the native form *Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.
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Bran Mak Morn
Bran Mak Morn is a hero of several pulp fiction short stories by Robert E. Howard. In the stories, most of which were first published in Weird Tales, Bran is the last king of Howard's romanticized version of the tribal race of Picts.
At 13, Howard, being of Scottish descent, began his studies of Scottish history and became fascinated with what he calls "the small dark Mediterranean aborigines of Britain." As these Picts were portrayed as inferior to later tribes, Howard imagined them as a link between modern and ancient times.
His Picts originated on a group of islands near what was once Valusia, the kingdom of the Atlantean Kull. When Atlantis, Lemuria, and Valusia sank into the sea, the Picts survived and were flung into a period of cultural decline. They forgot the art of metal-working and returned to the technique of flintknapping.
They migrated to the North until they reached Caledon, the northern lands of the later British Isles. They drove the extant tribes northward until the Aryans, Celts, and Germans invaded.
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Caledonians
The Caledonians (Latin: Caledones), or Caledonian Confederacy, is a name given by historians to a group of indigenous peoples of what is now Scotland during the Iron Age and Roman eras. The Romans referred to their territory as Caledonia and initially included them as Britons, but later distinguished as the Picts. The Caledonians were enemies of the Roman Empire, which was the occupying force then administering most of Great Britain as the Roman province called Britannia.
The term Caledones may derive from the Brythonic elements caled "hard, tough" plus the Celtic 'great' suffix, thus *caledonos "great, hard/tough person", *caledoni "great, hard/tough people". Alternatively, it may be derived from the Brythonic calet-donia, again meaning "hard/tough people". It could also derive from the Goidelic element "coille" "forest", i.e. "people of the forest".[citation needed]
The Caledonians, like many Celtic tribes in Britain, were hillfort builders and farmers who defeated and were defeated by the Romans on several occasions. The Romans never fully occupied Caledonia, though several attempts were made. Nearly all of the information that we have about the Caledonians comes from their Roman enemy, and therefore unbiased information may be difficult to obtain.
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Columba
Saint Columba (7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD)—also known as Colum Cille (Old Irish, meaning "dove of the church"), Colm Cille (Irish), Calum Cille (Scottish Gaelic), Colum Keeilley (Manx Gaelic) and Kolban or Kolbjørn (Old Norse, meaning "black bear")—was a Gaelic Irish missionary monk who propagated Christianity among the Picts during the Early Medieval Period. He was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland.
Columba was born to Fedlimid and Eithne of the Cenel Conaill in Gartan, near Lough Gartan, in modern County Donegal, part of the Provinces of Ulster in the north of Ireland. On his father's side he was great-great-grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages, an Irish high king of the 5th century. He was baptised in Temple-Douglas, in the County Donegal parish of Conwal (mid-way between Gartan and Letterkenny), by his teacher and foster-uncle Saint Crunathan.
In early Christian Ireland the druidic tradition collapsed due to the spread of the new Christian faith. The study of Latin learning and Christian theology in monasteries flourished. Columba became a pupil at the monastic school at Clonard Abbey, situated on the River Boyne in modern County Meath. During the sixth century, some of the most significant names in the history of Irish Christianity studied at the Clonard monastery. It is said that the average number of scholars under instruction at Clonard was 3,000. Twelve students who studied under St. Finnian became known as the Twelve Apostles of Ireland; Columba was one of them. He became a monk and eventually ordained a priest. During this time he is said to have founded a number of monasteries, including ones at Kells, Derry, and Swords.
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Dauvit Broun
Dauvit Broun (David Brown) (born 1961) is a Scottish historian, Professor of Scottish History at the University of Glasgow. A specialist in medieval Scottish and Celtic studies, he concentrates primarily on early medieval Scotland, and has written abundantly on the topic of early Scottish king-lists, as well as on literacy, charter-writing, national identity, and on the text known as de Situ Albanie. He is editor of the New Edinburgh History of Scotland series, the pre-1603 editor of the Scottish Historical Review, convener of the Scottish History Society, and the Principal Investigator of the Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded project 'The Paradox of Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286'.
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Domnall Brecc
Domnall Brecc (Welsh: Dyfnwal Frych; English: Donald the Freckled) (d. 642 in Strathcarron) was king of Dál Riata, in modern Scotland, from about 629 until 642. He was the son of Eochaid Buide.
He first appears in 622, when the Annals of Tigernach report his presence at the battle of Cend Delgthen (probably in the east midlands of Ireland) as an ally of Conall Guthbinn of Clann Cholmáin. This is the only battle known where Domnall Brecc fought on the winning side.
Domnall suffered four defeats after he broke Dál Riata's alliance with the Cenél Conaill clan of the Uí Néill. In Ireland, Domnall and his ally Congal Cáech of the Dál nAraidi were defeated by Domnall mac Áedo of the Cenél Conaill, the High King of Ireland, at the Battle of Mag Rath (Moira, County Down) in 637. He also lost to the Picts in 635 and 638 and lastly to Eugein I of Alt Clut at Strathcarron in 642, where he was killed.
A stanza interpolated into the early 9th Century Welsh poem Y Gododdin refers to these events:
I saw an array that came from Pentir,
And bore themselves splendidly around the conflagration.
I saw a second one, rapidly descending from their township,
Who had risen at the word of the grandson of Nwython.
I saw great sturdy men who came with the dawn,
And the head of Dyfnwal Frych, ravens gnawed it.
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Drostan
Saint Drostan (d. early 7th century), also Drustan, Dustan, and Throstan, was the founder and abbot of the monastery of Old Deer in Aberdeenshire. His relics were translated to the church at New Aberdour and his holy well lies nearby. Saint Drostan's day is July 11.
A Scottish abbot who flourished about A.D. 600. All that is known of him is found in the "Breviarium Aberdonense" and in the "Book of Deer", a ninth-century manuscript. now in the University Library of Cambridge, but these two accounts do not agree in every particular. He appears to have belonged to the royal family of the Scoti, his father's name being Cosgrach. Showing signs of a religious vocation he was entrusted at an early age to the care of St. Columba, who trained him and gave him the monastic habit. He accompanied that saint when he visited Aberdour in Buchan, about 45 miles from Aberdeen. The Pictish ruler of that country gave them the site of Deir, fourteen miles farther inland, where they established a monastery, and when St. Columba returned to Iona he left St. Drostan there as abbot of the new foundation. On the death of the Abbot of Dalquhongale (Holywood) some few years later, St. Drostan was chosen to succeed him. Afterwards, feeling called to a life of greater seclusion, he resigned his abbacy, went farther north, and became a hermit at Glenesk. Here his sanctity attracted the poor and needy, and many miracles are ascribed to him, including the restoration of sight to a priest named Symon. After his death his relics were transferred to Arberdour and honourably preserved there. The Breviary of Aberdeen celebrates his feast on 15 December. The monastery of Old Deer, which had fallen into decay, was rebuilt for Cistercian monks in 1213 and so continued until the Reformation.
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Duncan Kenworthy
Duncan H. Kenworthy,OBE (born 1949) is a British film and television producer, and co-founder of the production company DNA Films. He is currently a producer at Toledo Productions.
His producer credits include Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), Lawn Dogs (1995), Notting Hill (1999), Love Actually (2003) and The Eagle (2011). His television productions include Jim Henson's The Storyteller and the 1996 version of Gulliver's Travels (1996). He was also co-creator of Fraggle Rock.
He is currently the Vice President of BAFTA.
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Finnian of Moville
Finnian (or Saint Uinniau) of Movilla Abbey, Irish Christian missionary, 495–589.
Finnian was a Christian missionary who became a legendary figure in medieval Ireland. He should not to be confused with his namesake Finnian of Clonard. Nor should Movilla (Maigh Bhile) in County Down be mistaken for Moville in County Donegal.
Traditional scholarship has it that he was a descendant of Fiatach the Fair and born in Ulster, however this has been questioned lately by the American Celticist Thomas Owen Clancy. He apparently studied under Colman of Dromore and Mochae of Noendrum, and subsequently at Candida Casa (Whithorn), whence he proceeded to Rome, returning to Ireland in 540 with an integral copy of St. Jerome's Vulgate.
He was the founder of a famous school of Druim Fionn at about this time. Legend has it that he tried to convert Tuan mac Cairill, a mythical figure who was the last survivor of the Partholonian race, and that while doing so had the famous Scéal Tuáin maic Cairell recounted to him. This is a text about takings of Ireland, a source for the famous Lebor Gabála Érenn.
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Francis John Byrne
Francis John Byrne (born 1934) is an Irish historian.
Born in Shanghai where his father, a Dundalk man, captained a ship on the Yellow River, Byrne was evacuated with his mother to Australia on the outbreak of World War II. After the war, his mother returned to Ireland, where his father, who had survived internment in Japanese hands, returned to take up work as a harbour master.
Byrne attended Blackrock College in County Dublin where he learned Latin and Greek, to add to the Chinese he had learned in his Shanghai childhood. He studied Early Irish History at University College Dublin where he excelled, graduating with first class honours. He studied Paleography and Medieval Latin in Germany, and then lectured on Celtic languages in Sweden, before returning to University College in 1964 to take up a professorship.
Byrne's best known work is his Irish Kings and High-Kings (1973). He was joint editor of the Royal Irish Academy's New History of Ireland (9 volumes). A festschrift in his honour was published in 1999 under the editorship of his former student Alfred P. Smyth.
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Franco Columbu
Franco Columbu (born August 7, 1941) is an Italian actor, former champion bodybuilder and World's Strongest Man competitor.
Columbu was born in Ollolai, Sardinia (Italy). Starting out his athletic career as a boxer, Columbu progressed into the sport of Olympic Weightlifting, powerlifting and later bodybuilding, winning the title of Mr. Olympia in 1976 and 1981. At 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m) in height (some magazines reported as short as 5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m)),[citation needed] Columbu is shorter than most of his bodybuilding competitors, but that did not prevent him from achieving widespread success.
In 1977, Columbu competed in the first World's Strongest Man competition and was in first place in total points during the competition; a remarkable outing, considering that Franco weighed much less than all his competitors. Then came the refrigerator race, which called for a downhill race in which a heavy, bulky, unwieldy refrigerator is strapped to the racer's back. While ahead, Franco stumbled, and was shown on national television collapsing with a grotesquely dislocated leg. This ended his participation in the World's Strongest Man contest (in the end, he finished in fifth place). After a court settlement, he received a reported $1 million in compensation for his injury. It took six hours of surgery to remove all the muscle and fix his leg. Doctors told him he would never walk again, but Columbu fully recovered in three years.[citation needed] After Arnold Schwarzenegger's comeback victory in the 1980 Mr. Olympia, Franco followed suit and won the 1981 Mr. Olympia.
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Gaels
The Gaels or Goidels are speakers of one of the Goidelic Celtic languages: Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Manx. Goidelic speech originated in Ireland and subsequently spread to western and northern Scotland and the Isle of Man.
The Goidelic languages are one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic languages, the other being Brythonic.
The modern English term Gael derives ultimately from the Old Irish (Ancient Gaelic) word Goídel, which was spelled in various ways by Gaelic writers at different times. The modern Gaelic spellings are Gael (Irish) and Gàidheal (Scottish Gaelic).
Early Greek and Roman authors called the Irish Ιουερνοι and Iverni, respectively, both derived from the Proto-Irish ethnic name *Iwerni ("people of *Iweriū"). Later Greek and Latin variants of this name included Ίερνοι, Hierni, and Hiberni.
Scoti or Scotti was another generic Latin name for the Irish that came into use by the 4th century. It is not believed that any Gaelic groups called themselves Scot(t)i in ancient times, except when referring to themselves in Latin. It is also conjectured that the Latin term may mean "raider/pirate" as it is widely accepted that raiders from Ireland were attacking Britain's west coast during and following the Roman occupation.
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Jacqueline Carey
Jacqueline Carey (born 1964 in Highland Park, Illinois) is an author and novelist, primarily of fantasy fiction.
She attended Lake Forest College, receiving B.A.'s in psychology and English literature in 1986. During college, she spent 6 months working in a bookstore in London as part of a work exchange program. While there, she decided to write professionally. After returning she started her writing career while working at the art center of a local college. After ten years, she discovered success with the publication of her first book in 2001.
Currently, Carey lives in western Michigan and is a member of the oldest Mardi Gras krewe in the state.
Her first novel was Kushiel's Dart, published by Tor Books in 2001, and the recipient of the 2002 Locus Award for Best First Novel. The Kushiel's Legacy trilogy, completed with Kushiel's Chosen and Kushiel's Avatar, follows the story of a courtesan in a historical fantasy or alternate history (Terre d'Ange) society that follows a demi-god, Elua, whose precept is "Love as thou wilt". The map of Terre d'Ange, the "Land of the Angels," bears a striking resemblance to that of France. Fictional versions of Greece, Great Britain, Italy, Germany, and Spain also figure prominently in the series. Elua was born when the blood of Yeshua ben Yosef, the son of the one God, mingled with the tears of the Magdelene and carried in the womb of Mother Earth. With Elua's peaceful wanderings and the one God's rejection of him, seven angels then rejected God to become Elua's companions on Earth. These angels and Elua himself then founded a nation and comingled with humans before leaving. D'Angelines are the people from their descent.
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John Toland
John Toland (30 November 1670 – 11 March 1722) was a rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. Born in Ireland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leiden and Oxford and was influenced by the philosophy of John Locke.
Very little is known of Toland's early life. He was born in Ardagh on the Inishowen Peninsula, a predominantly Catholic and Irish-speaking region in northwestern Ireland. His parents are unknown. He would later write that he had been baptized Janus Junius, a play on his name that recalled both the Roman two-faced god Janus and Junius Brutus, reputed founder of the Roman republic. According to his biographer Pierre des Maizeaux, he adopted the name John as a schoolboy with the encouragement of his school teacher.
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Juliet Marillier
Juliet Marillier (born 27 July 1948) is a New Zealand-born writer of fantasy, especially historical fantasy. She currently lives in Western Australia. While Marillier writes mostly for adults, her recent books have included Cybele's Secret, a sequel to her novel for young adults Wildwood Dancing. Cybele's Secret won a 2008 Sir Julius Vogel Award for Best Novel - Young Adult. Her latest release is "Seer of Sevenwaters", the second companion novel to the Sevenwaters trilogy.
Juliet Marillier was born 27 July 1948 in Dunedin, New Zealand and grew up surrounded by Celtic music and stories. Her own Celtic-Gaelic roots inspired her to write her first series, the Sevenwaters Trilogy. Marillier was educated at the University of Otago, where she majored in music and languages, graduating BA and a B Mus (Hons). She has said in interviews that this academic training strengthened her writing, and that her lifelong interest in history, folklore and mythology has had a major influence on her storytelling style.
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Katherine Forsyth
Katherine S. Forsyth is a British historian who specializes in the history and culture of Celtic peoples during the 1st millennium AD, in particular the Picts. She is currently a reader in Celtic and Gaelic at the University of Glasgow in Scotland.
Forsyth is an expert in the Ogham script, and has provided readings for a number of Ogham inscriptions, including the Buckquoy spindle-whorl and the Lunnasting stone. Forsyth has reinterpretted a number of Pictish Ogham stone inscriptions that were previously thought to be written in an unknown pre-Indo-European language, and has argued that the Picts spoke a Brythonic language.
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King Arthur
King Arthur is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). Some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date from earlier than this work; in these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn. How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
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Martin Carver
Martin Oswald Hugh Carver FSA HonFSA Scot (born 8 July 1941), is Emeritus Professor of Archaeology at the University of York, England, director of the Sutton Hoo Research Project and a leading exponent of new methods in excavation and survey. He specialises in the archaeology of early Medieval Europe. He has an international reputation for his excavations at Sutton Hoo, on behalf of the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries and at the Pictish monastery at Portmahomack Tarbat, Easter Ross, Scotland. He has undertaken archaeological research in England, Scotland, France, Italy and Algeria.
After a 15 year career as an army officer in the Royal Tank Regiment Carver practised as a free-lance archaeologist (1973-1986), setting up the Birmingham University Field Archaeology Unit (BUFAU), now called Birmingham Archaeology at the University of Birmingham to carry out archaeological contract work. He also set up Field Archaeology Specialists Ltd. (FAS), now FAS-Heritage, in 1992. FAS-Heritage is currently based in York and carries out archaeological research and heritage work in England and Scotland [1]. Carver was the first secretary of the Institute of Field Archaeology, now Institute for Archaeologists.
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Matthew Stover
Matthew Woodring Stover (born 1962) is an American fantasy and science fiction novelist. He is perhaps best known for his four Star Wars novels, including the novelization of Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith. He has also written several fantasy novels, including Iron Dawn and Jericho Moon. He has written three science-fiction/fantasy hybrid stories featuring a hero named Caine: Heroes Die, Blade of Tyshalle, and Caine Black Knife, with a fourth Caine's Law planned for release in 2012. OverWorld, a comic book series based on The Acts of Caine, is set to launch in April 2012.
Stover graduated in 1983 from Drake University and settled in Chicago for many years, before relocating to St. Petersburg FL. He is an avid martial artist and a student of the Degerberg Blend, a Jeet Kune Do concept that mixes approximately twenty-five different fighting arts from around the world. This combat style influences the way Stover writes his fight scenes, for which he has won considerable acclaim.
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Merlin
Merlin is a legendary figure best known as the wizard featured in the Arthurian legend. The standard depiction of the character first appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, written c. 1136, and is based on an amalgamation of previous historical and legendary figures. Geoffrey combined existing stories of Myrddin Wyllt (Merlinus Caledonensis), a North Brythonic prophet and madman with no connection to King Arthur, with tales of the Romano-British war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus to form the composite figure he called Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys).
Geoffrey's rendering of the character was immediately popular, especially in Wales. Later writers expanded the account to produce a fuller image of the wizard. Merlin's traditional biography casts him as a cambion: born of a mortal woman, sired by an incubus, the non-human wellspring from whom he inherits his supernatural powers and abilities. The name of Merlin's mother is not usually stated, but is given as Adhan in the oldest version of the Prose Brut. Merlin matures to an ascendant sagehood and engineers the birth of Arthur through magic and intrigue. Later authors have Merlin serve as the king's advisor until he is bewitched and imprisoned by the Lady of the Lake.
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Neil Marshall
Neil Marshall (born 25 May 1970) is an English film director, editor and screenwriter. Marshall began his career in editing and in 2002 directed his first feature film Dog Soldiers, which became a cult film. He followed up with the critically acclaimed horror film The Descent in 2005. Marshall also directed Doomsday in 2008, and wrote and directed Centurion in 2010.
Marshall was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. He was first inspired to become a film director when he saw Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) at the age of eleven. He began making home movies using Super 8 mm film, and in 1989, he attended film school at Newcastle Polytechnic (now Northumbria University). In the next eight years, he worked as a freelance editor. In 1995, he was hired to co-write and edit for director Bharat Nalluri's first film, Killing Time. Marshall continued to write and develop his own projects, directing his first film in 2002, Dog Soldiers, a horror film that became a cult film in the United Kingdom and the United States. In 2005, he followed up with a second horror film, The Descent (2005). With his direction of The Descent, Neil Marshall was identified as a member of the Splat Pack.
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Nennius
Nennius was a Welsh monk of the 9th century. He has traditionally been attributed with the authorship of the Historia Brittonum, based on the prologue affixed to that work, This attribution is widely considered a secondary (10th century) tradition.[dead link]
Nennius was a student of Elvodugus, commonly identified with the bishop Elfodd who convinced British ecclesiastics to accept the Continental dating for Easter, and who died in 809 according to the Annales Cambriae.
Nennius is believed to have lived in the area made up by present day Brecknockshire and Radnorshire counties in Powys, Wales. He lived outside the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, isolated by mountains in a rural society. Because of the lack of evidence concerning the life of Nennius he has become the subject of legend himself. Welsh traditions include Nennius with Elbodug and others said to have escaped the massacre of Welsh monks by Ethelfrid in 613. by fleeing to Scotland.
Nennius was traditionally credited with having written the Historia Brittonum c. 830. The Historia Brittonum was highly influential, becoming a major contributor to the Arthurian legend. It also includes the legendary origins of the Picts, Scots, St. Germanus and Vortigern, and documents events associated with the Anglo-Saxon invasion of the 7th century as contributed by a Northumbrian document.
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Palladius
Palladius (fl. 408-431; probably died ca 457/461) was the first Bishop of the Christians of Ireland, preceding Saint Patrick.
It is believed that he is the same Palladius that is earlier described as the deacon of Saint Germanus of Auxerre. If this is the case, then he was the son of Exuperantius of Poitiers, of whom the contemporary pagan poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus wrote: "Even now his father Exuperantius trains the Armoric sea-board to love the recovery of peace; he re-establishes the laws, brings freedom back and suffers not the inhabitants to be their servants' slaves." Exuperantius was apparently praefectus praetorio Galliarum ("Praetorian prefect of the Gallic provinces") when killed in an army mutiny at Arles in 424.
Palladius was married and had a young daughter. He is described as a friend and younger kinsman by Namatianus. Coming under the influence of Pelagius in Rome, he kissed his family goodbye in the manner of the Apostles, and lived as an ascetic in Sicily about 408/409, giving his daughter to a convent on that island. To this period is ascribed his authorship of six Pelagian documents. He seems to have been ordained a priest about 415, presumably after recanting the teachings of Pelagius (although at this time Pelagius was only condemned locally around Carthage, and not yet by the Pope, so it is possible that he would not have been required to recant). He lived in Rome between 418–429, and appears to be the "Deacon Palladius" responsible for urging Pope Celestine I to send the bishop Germanus to Britain, where he guided "the Britons back to the Catholic faith."
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Picts
The Picts were a group of Late Iron Age and Early Mediaeval Celtic people living in ancient eastern and northern Scotland. There is an association with the geographical distribution of brochs, Brythonic place name elements, and Pictish stones. Picts are recorded from before the Roman conquest of Britain until the 10th century, when they merged with the Gaels. They lived to the north of the rivers Forth and Clyde, and spoke the extinct Pictish language, thought to have been related to the Brythonic languages spoken by the Britons to the south. They are assumed to have been the descendants of the Caledonii and other tribes named by Roman historians or found on the world map of Ptolemy. Pictland, also known as Pictavia, gradually merged with the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata to form the Kingdom of Alba (Scotland). Alba expanded, absorbing the Brythonic kingdom of Strathclyde and Bernician Lothian, and by the 11th century the Pictish identity had been subsumed into the "Scots" amalgamation of peoples.
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Picts in fantasy
Many writers have been drawn to the idea of the Picts and created fictional stories and mythology about them in the absence of much real data. This romanticised view tends to portray them as noble savages, much as the view of Europeans on Native Americans in the 18th century.
Popular etymology has long interpreted the name Pict as if it derived from the Latin the word Picti meaning "painted folk" or possibly "tattooed ones"; and this may relate to the Welsh word Pryd meaning "to mark" or "to draw"? (References please?) Julius Caesar, who never went near Pictland, mentions the British Celtic custom of body painting in Book V of his Gallic Wars, stating
"Omnes vero se Britanni vitro inficiunt, quod caeruleum efficit colorem, atque hoc horridiores sunt in pugna aspectu" ("In fact all Britanni stain themselves with vitrum, which produces a dark blue colour, and by this means they are more terrifying to face in battle.")
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Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy ( /ˈtɒləmi/; Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaudios Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. AD 90 – c. AD 168), was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid. This theory, proposed by Theodore Meliteniotes, could be correct, but it is late (ca. 1360) and unsupported. There is no reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else than Alexandria, where he died around AD 168.
Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, at least three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest (in Greek, Ἡ Μεγάλη Σύνταξις, "The Great Treatise", originally Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, "Mathematical Treatise"). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise known sometimes in Greek as the Apotelesmatika (Ἀποτελεσματικά), more commonly in Greek as the Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος "Four books"), and in Latin as the Quadripartitum (or four books) in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day.
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Richard Oram
Professor Richard D. Oram F.S.A. (Scot.) is a Scottish historian. He is a Professor of Medieval and Environmental History at the University of Stirling and an Honorary Lecturer in History at the University of Aberdeen. He is also the director of the Centre for Environmental History and Policy at the University of Stirling.
He received his undergraduate training at the University of St. Andrews, where he also carried out his doctoral research, on medieval Galloway. In 2000 he published The Lordship of Galloway (Birlinn). He has since written a biography of King David I of Scotland (Tempus, 2004), and the High Medieval volume, volume 3, in the New Edinburgh History of Scotland series, entitled Domination and Lordship: Scotland, 1070-1230 (2011).
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Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling ( /ˈrʌdjəd ˈkɪplɪŋ/ RUD-yəd KIP-ling; 30 December 1865 – 18 January 1936) was an English poet, short-story writer, and novelist chiefly remembered for his tales and poems of British soldiers in India, and his tales for children. Kipling received the 1907 Nobel Prize for Literature. He was born in Bombay, in the Bombay Presidency of British India, and was taken by his family to England when he was five years old. Kipling is best known for his works of fiction, including The Jungle Book (a collection of stories which includes "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi"), Just So Stories (1902) (1894), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including "The Man Who Would Be King" (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), The White Man's Burden (1899) and If— (1910). He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works are said to exhibit "a versatile and luminous narrative gift".
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Saint Andrew
Saint Andrew (Greek: Ἀνδρέας, Andreas; from the early 1st century—mid to late 1st century AD), called in the Orthodox tradition Prōtoklētos, or the First-called, is a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter. The name "Andrew" (Greek: manly, brave, from ἀνδρεία, Andreia, "manhood, valour"), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews, Christians, and other Hellenized peoples of the region. No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. He is considered the founder and the first bishop of the Church of Byzantium and is consequently the patron saint of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.
The New Testament states that Andrew was the brother of Simon Peter, by which it is inferred that he was likewise a son of John, or Jonah.[Mt. 16:17] [Jn. 1:42] He was born in Bethsaida on the Sea of Galilee.[Jn. 1:44] Both he and his brother Peter were fishermen by trade, hence the tradition that Jesus called them to be his disciples by saying that he will make them "fishers of men" (Greek: ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων, halieĩs anthrōpōn). At the beginning of Jesus' public life, they were said to have occupied the same house at Capernaum.[Mk. 1:21-29]
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Saint Ninian
Saint Ninian (traditionally 4th-5th century) is a Christian saint first mentioned in the 8th century as being an early missionary among the Pictish peoples of what is now Scotland. For this reason he is known as the Apostle to the Southern Picts, and there are numerous dedications to him in those parts of Scotland with a Pictish heritage, throughout the Scottish Lowlands, and in parts of Northern England with a Northumbrian heritage. In Scotland, Ninian is also known as Ringan, and as Trynnian in Northern England.
Ninian's major shrine was at Whithorn in Galloway, where he is associated with the Candida Casa (Latin for 'White House'). Nothing is known about his teachings, and there is no unchallenged authority for information about his life.
A link between the Ninian of tradition and a person who actually appears in the historical record is not yet confirmed, though Finnian of Moville has gained traction as a leading candidate. This article discusses the particulars and origins of what has come to be known as the "traditional" stories of Saint Ninian.
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Saint Patrick
Saint Patrick (Latin: Patricius; Primitive Irish: *Qatrikias;Old Irish: Cothraige or Coithrige;Middle Irish: Pátraic; Irish: Pádraig; Old Welsh: Patric; Middle Welsh: Padric; Welsh: Padrig; Old English: Patric; ca. 387 – 17 March, 493 or ca. 460) was a Romano-British and Christian missionary, who is the most generally recognized patron saint of Ireland or the Apostle of Ireland, although Brigid of Kildare and Colmcille are also formally patron saints.
Two authentic letters from him survive, from which come the only generally-accepted details of his life. When he was about 16, he was captured from Wales by Irish raiders and taken as a slave to Ireland, where he lived for six years before escaping and returning to his family. After entering the Church, he returned to Ireland as an ordained bishop in the north and west of the island, but little is known about the places where he worked. By the seventh century, he had come to be revered as the patron saint of Ireland.
Most available details of his life are from later hagiographies from the seventh century onwards, and these are now not accepted without detailed criticism. Uncritical acceptance of the Annals of Ulster would imply that he lived from 340 to 440, and ministered in what is modern-day Northern Ireland from AD 428 onwards. The dates of Patrick's life cannot be fixed with certainty but, on a widespread interpretation, he was active as a missionary in Ireland during the second half of the fifth century.
wn.com/Saint_Patrick -
Saint Peter
Saint Peter or Simon Peter was an early Christian leader and one of the twelve apostles of Jesus who is featured prominently in the New Testament Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles and who is venerated as a saint. The son of John or of Jonah, he was from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee or Gaulanitis. His brother Andrew was also an apostle. Peter is venerated in multiple churches and is regarded as the first Pope by the Catholic Church. After working to establish the church of Antioch, presiding for seven years as the leader of the city's Christian community, he preached to scattered communities of believers, Jews, Hebrew Christians and the gentiles, in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia Minor and Bithynia.[citation needed] He then went to Rome, where in the second year of Claudius, it is claimed, he overthrew Simon Magus and held the Sacerdotal Chair for 25 years.[citation needed] He is said to have been put to death at the hand of Emperor Nero.
Peter wrote two General epistles. The Gospel of Mark is also ascribed to him (as Mark was his disciple and interpreter). On the other hand, several books bearing his name—the Acts of Peter, Gospel of Peter, Preaching of Peter, Revelation of Peter, and Judgement of Peter—are rejected by the Catholic Church as Apocryphal.
wn.com/Saint_Peter -
Scottish people
The Scottish people (Scots Gaelic: Albannaich), or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse. Later the Normans also had some influence.
In modern use, "Scottish people" or "Scots" is used to refer to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origins are from within Scotland. The Latin word Scotti originally applied to a particular, 5th century, Goidelic tribe that inhabited Ireland. Though sometimes considered archaic or pejorative, the term Scotch has also been used for the Scottish people, though this usage is current primarily outside Scotland.
There are people of Scottish descent in many countries other than Scotland. Emigration, influenced by factors such as the Highland and Lowland Clearances, Scottish participation in the British Empire, and latterly industrial decline and unemployment, resulted in Scottish people being found throughout the world. Large populations of Scottish people settled the new-world lands of North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. There is a Scottish presence at a particularly high rate in Canada, which has the second largest population of descended Scots ancestry, after the United States. They took with them their Scottish languages and culture.
wn.com/Scottish_people -
Symeon of Durham
Symeon (or Simeon) of Durham (died after 1129) was an English chronicler and a monk of Durham Priory. When William of Saint-Calais returned from his Norman exile in 1091, Symeon was probably in his company. Symeon eventually became precentor of the priory, and examples of his handwriting appear to survive in several Durham books, including the Liber Vitae, the so-called Cantor's Book (whose text he would have had to keep up to date as part of his duties as precentor), and in copies of his own historical works.
wn.com/Symeon_of_Durham -
Tacitus
Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (AD 56 – AD 117) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors. These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus in AD 14 to (presumably) the death of emperor Domitian in AD 96. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including one four books long in the Annals.
Other writings by him discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law Agricola, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (see De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and as well as the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, he is known for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.
wn.com/Tacitus -
Taexali
The Taexali (or Taezali) were a people of ancient Scotland, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150. From his general description and the approximate location of their town or principal place that he called 'Devana', their territory was along the northeastern coast of Scotland and is known to have included Buchan Ness, as Ptolemy refers to the promontory as 'Taexalon Promontory'.
wn.com/Taexali -
Terry Pratchett
Sir Terence David John "Terry" Pratchett, OBE (born 28 April 1948) is an English novelist, known for his frequently comical work in the fantasy genre. He is best known for his popular and long-running Discworld series of comic fantasy novels. Pratchett's first novel, The Carpet People, was published in 1971, and since his first Discworld novel (The Colour of Magic) was published in 1983, he has written two books a year on average. His latest Discworld book, Snuff is the third-fastest-selling novel since records began in the United Kingdom selling 55,000 copies in the first three days.
Pratchett was the UK's best-selling author of the 1990s, and has sold over 70 million books worldwide in thirty-seven languages. He is currently the second most-read writer in the UK, and seventh most-read non-US author in the US.
Pratchett was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1998 and was knighted "for services to literature" in 2009. In addition, he was knighted in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2001 he won the Carnegie Medal for his children's novel The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents.
wn.com/Terry_Pratchett -
Thomas Owen Clancy
Professor Thomas Owen Clancy is an American academic and historian who specializes in the literature of the Celtic Dark Ages, especially that of Scotland. He did his undergraduate work at New York University, and his Ph.D at the University of Edinburgh. He is currently at the University of Glasgow, where he was appointed Professor of Celtic in 2005.
In 2001, Clancy argued that St. Ninian was a Northumbrian spin-off of the name Uinniau (Irish St Finnian), the British missionary to whom St. Columba was a disciple, who in Great Britain was associated with Whithorn. He argued that the confusion is due to an eighth century scribal spelling error, for which the similarities of "u" and "n" in the Insular script of the period were responsible. Dr. Clancy has also done work on the Lebor Bretnach, arguing that it was written in Scotland.
His works include:
wn.com/Thomas_Owen_Clancy -
Venicones
The Venicones were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150 AD. He recorded that their town was 'Orrea'. This has been identified as the Roman fort of Horrea Classis, located by Rivet and Smith as Monifieth, six miles east of Dundee. Therefore they are presumed to have lived between the Tay and the Mounth, south of Aberdeen. The tribal name probably means "hunting hounds". A slightly differing etymology, "kindred hounds", identifies the name with Maen Gwyngwn, a region mentioned in the Gododdin.
Ammianus Marcellinus records of the "Barbarian Conspiracy" in 367 AD "at that time the Picts, of whom there were two tribes, the Dicalydones and Verturiones, together with the warlike people of the Attacotti and the Scots, were roving at large and causing great devastation". The Verturiones, otherwise unmentioned, may be a misreading of Venicones.
wn.com/Venicones -
Áed mac Boanta
Áed mac Boanta (died 839) is believed to have been a king of Dál Riata.
The only reference to Áed in the Irish annals is found in the Annals of Ulster, where it is recorded that "Eóganán mac Óengusa, Bran mac Óengusa, Áed mac Boanta, and others almost innumerable" in a battle fought by the men of Fortriu against Vikings in 839.
The Duan Albanach lists an "Áed An" who ruled for four years over Dál Riata and the Synchronisms of Flann Mainistrech place him between Caustantín mac Fergusa and Eóganán mac Óengusa, Caustantín's nephew. It is doubtful whether Caustantín and Eóganán ruled over Dál Riata, but Áed is thought to have done so.
Áed may have been preceded as king by Domnall mac Caustantín. It is not known what kings followed him, if any, before the region fell under the dominance of Norse-Gaels such as the Uí Ímair in the latter part of the ninth century.
wn.com/Áed_mac_Boanta
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The Picts Of Scotland - Last Of The Free (1/6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:41
- Updated: 10 Feb 2013
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Of_Scotland_Last_Of_The_Free_1_6
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
The Picts - 1 of 6 - Mystery of the Picts.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 10 Feb 2013
The introduction to the film "The Picts". Who were the Picts and why is this not taught in schools? Steve Sweeney and Steve Ducane from www.motherperth.com do Pictish history.
http://wn.com/The_Picts_1_of_6_Mystery_of_the_Pictsmov
The introduction to the film "The Picts". Who were the Picts and why is this not taught in schools? Steve Sweeney and Steve Ducane from www.motherperth.com do Pictish history.
- published: 12 Jan 2010
- views: 17218
- author: steve sweeney
"The Picts" The Cover Up Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:17
- Updated: 08 Feb 2013
Scotland - Vitrified Hill Forts, Scottish Highlands www.youtube.com I have a lot to question of many things in history, but when being told that there has been a lot of lies and a cover up, rewritten history to suit for political correctness, it makes you question many things that you have been originally first taught. From what I know was that the Romans had conquered most of Britain up to Caledonia, although, what is now being claimed is that the Romans weren't winning the war, if they had been, why sign a peace treaty with our people. Obviously another thing is the relation between the Briton's and the Saxons, and if both King Arthur's were to be true, it sort of gives you an eye opener, cause it pieces it together with the relation between the Briton's and Romans, as both King Arthur's related to the likes of Emperor Constantine, who was the one that placed Christianity into Rome. Although if true, there's apparently a lot of evidence to suggest that Christianity was first found in Britain. For me, regardless of whether this revisionist history were to be true, which there's a strong possibility that it is, I would still love the Romans regardless, what I do not like however, is religion. I don't hate religious people, but I hate religion for what it causes. It does nothing but cause oppression, fights and wars, and it would not surprise me if a religious war was placed on Pictland for being originally Christian, using the Saxons the Roman's apparently converted to ...
http://wn.com/The_Picts_The_Cover_Up_Part_2
Scotland - Vitrified Hill Forts, Scottish Highlands www.youtube.com I have a lot to question of many things in history, but when being told that there has been a lot of lies and a cover up, rewritten history to suit for political correctness, it makes you question many things that you have been originally first taught. From what I know was that the Romans had conquered most of Britain up to Caledonia, although, what is now being claimed is that the Romans weren't winning the war, if they had been, why sign a peace treaty with our people. Obviously another thing is the relation between the Briton's and the Saxons, and if both King Arthur's were to be true, it sort of gives you an eye opener, cause it pieces it together with the relation between the Briton's and Romans, as both King Arthur's related to the likes of Emperor Constantine, who was the one that placed Christianity into Rome. Although if true, there's apparently a lot of evidence to suggest that Christianity was first found in Britain. For me, regardless of whether this revisionist history were to be true, which there's a strong possibility that it is, I would still love the Romans regardless, what I do not like however, is religion. I don't hate religious people, but I hate religion for what it causes. It does nothing but cause oppression, fights and wars, and it would not surprise me if a religious war was placed on Pictland for being originally Christian, using the Saxons the Roman's apparently converted to ...
- published: 02 May 2012
- views: 8754
- author: Scott McKelvie
The Picts - Warrior Women of Herstory
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Depiction of The Picts - with audio from Max Igan and Mystery of The Picts. Thank you!
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Warrior_Women_of_Herstory
Depiction of The Picts - with audio from Max Igan and Mystery of The Picts. Thank you!
- published: 16 May 2011
- views: 32102
- author: LoveAndMozzarella
The Picts - Scottish music
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:06
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
The Picts have become one of the most popular live acts on the folk rock and concert scene. They have reached out with their unique brand of celtic rock and captivated hundreds of audiences both at home and abroad. The Picts- 'The Peak' taken from the album 'The Island" This video is reproduced by kind permission of Media nan Eilean and the BBC. www.picts.co.uk
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Scottish_music
The Picts have become one of the most popular live acts on the folk rock and concert scene. They have reached out with their unique brand of celtic rock and captivated hundreds of audiences both at home and abroad. The Picts- 'The Peak' taken from the album 'The Island" This video is reproduced by kind permission of Media nan Eilean and the BBC. www.picts.co.uk
- published: 18 May 2010
- views: 14556
- author: pictmatrix
The Picts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
A short look at the early days of Scotland.
http://wn.com/The_Picts
BBC Coast - Burghead Pictish Fort
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
This vitrified fort lies on top a headland which commands extensive views of the Moray Firth. Originally believed to be Ptolemy's 'Ptoroton' and the 'Torffness' of the Orkneyinga Saga it is now known to be of Pictish origin. It encloses 3 hectares and is three times as large as any other fort of the same period in Scotland and is thought to be the oldest Pictish Fort. It was defended on the landward side by three banks and ditches which were destroyed during the creation of the harbour and modern village, their age is therefore uncertain. Six striking carved slabs known as the Burghead Bulls were discovered during excavations. Four of the originals are held locally in Burghead Library and Elgin Museum and one each in the Royal Museum, Edinburgh, and in the British Museum, London. Much of the fort was destroyed during the re-building of the village from 1805-09. The Doorie Hill (see below), which marked the junction of the citadel and the bailey, is the only remaining piece of the southern ramparts. Lengths of the eastern and northern ramparts are also still visible.
http://wn.com/BBC_Coast_Burghead_Pictish_Fort
This vitrified fort lies on top a headland which commands extensive views of the Moray Firth. Originally believed to be Ptolemy's 'Ptoroton' and the 'Torffness' of the Orkneyinga Saga it is now known to be of Pictish origin. It encloses 3 hectares and is three times as large as any other fort of the same period in Scotland and is thought to be the oldest Pictish Fort. It was defended on the landward side by three banks and ditches which were destroyed during the creation of the harbour and modern village, their age is therefore uncertain. Six striking carved slabs known as the Burghead Bulls were discovered during excavations. Four of the originals are held locally in Burghead Library and Elgin Museum and one each in the Royal Museum, Edinburgh, and in the British Museum, London. Much of the fort was destroyed during the re-building of the village from 1805-09. The Doorie Hill (see below), which marked the junction of the citadel and the bailey, is the only remaining piece of the southern ramparts. Lengths of the eastern and northern ramparts are also still visible.
- published: 19 Aug 2010
- views: 3230
- author: glasgow1234
The Picts Of Scotland - Last Of The Free (2/6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:12
- Updated: 05 Feb 2013
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Of_Scotland_Last_Of_The_Free_2_6
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 23654
- author: TheTrueScotland
The Picts Of Scotland - Last Of The Free (3/6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:31
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Of_Scotland_Last_Of_The_Free_3_6
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 15649
- author: TheTrueScotland
Police K9 apprehension training and pictures
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Short video and pictures of my K9 Kane and our other dogs. Kane is my current K9 partner(german shepherd) for the Sheriff's Office, Max is my retired K9 (german shepherd), and Kira is our crazy female (german shepherd) we keep at home. Thought would throw together some short clips and picts of some K9 training bitework and muzzle work and some of the dogs and family at home. Kane won 1st place detector dog and patrol case of the year in the heart of america police dog Assoc. certification and competition. Thanks to Deputy McClain for being the decoy that day.
http://wn.com/Police_K9_apprehension_training_and_pictures
Short video and pictures of my K9 Kane and our other dogs. Kane is my current K9 partner(german shepherd) for the Sheriff's Office, Max is my retired K9 (german shepherd), and Kira is our crazy female (german shepherd) we keep at home. Thought would throw together some short clips and picts of some K9 training bitework and muzzle work and some of the dogs and family at home. Kane won 1st place detector dog and patrol case of the year in the heart of america police dog Assoc. certification and competition. Thanks to Deputy McClain for being the decoy that day.
- published: 18 Jan 2010
- views: 512986
- author: nightdog157
A Pict Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 09 Feb 2013
Song: A Pict Song Artist: Emerald Rose Album: Fire In The Head Rome never looks Where she treads Always her heavy Hooves fall On our bellies, our hearts And our heads Rome never heeds When we brawl Her sentries pass By and that is all And we gather behind them In hordes And plot to reconquer The Wall With only our tongues As our swords We are the Little Folk We Too little To love or to hate Leave us alone And you'll see How fast we can Drag down the State We are the Worm in the wood We are the Rot at the root We are the Taint in the blood We are the Thorn in the foot Mistletoe Killing an oak Rats gnawing cables In two Moths making holes In a cloak How they must love What they do Yes and we Little Folk too We are as busy As they Working our works Out of view Watch, and You'll see it some day We are the Little Folk We Too little To love or to hate Leave us alone And you'll see How fast we can Drag down the State We are the Worm in the wood We are the Rot at the root We are the Taint in the blood We are the Thorn in the foot No indeed We are not strong But we know Peoples who are Yes, and we'll guide them along To smash and destroy you in War We shall be slaves just the same when have we never been slaves But you--you will die of the shame And then we shall Dance on your graves
http://wn.com/A_Pict_Song
Song: A Pict Song Artist: Emerald Rose Album: Fire In The Head Rome never looks Where she treads Always her heavy Hooves fall On our bellies, our hearts And our heads Rome never heeds When we brawl Her sentries pass By and that is all And we gather behind them In hordes And plot to reconquer The Wall With only our tongues As our swords We are the Little Folk We Too little To love or to hate Leave us alone And you'll see How fast we can Drag down the State We are the Worm in the wood We are the Rot at the root We are the Taint in the blood We are the Thorn in the foot Mistletoe Killing an oak Rats gnawing cables In two Moths making holes In a cloak How they must love What they do Yes and we Little Folk too We are as busy As they Working our works Out of view Watch, and You'll see it some day We are the Little Folk We Too little To love or to hate Leave us alone And you'll see How fast we can Drag down the State We are the Worm in the wood We are the Rot at the root We are the Taint in the blood We are the Thorn in the foot No indeed We are not strong But we know Peoples who are Yes, and we'll guide them along To smash and destroy you in War We shall be slaves just the same when have we never been slaves But you--you will die of the shame And then we shall Dance on your graves
- published: 16 Nov 2008
- views: 11159
- author: KeepMusicPagan
Latisse: Before & After Picts & How to Apply Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Check out picts of my eyelashes 1. Before I applied Latisse eye lash growth product 2. At 4weeks after beginning to use products I also go over how I apply the product to my eyelids. I discuss a tool that I use that 1. Makes sure I get product right where it needs to go 2. Reduces waste when applying product, thus increases number of applications per bottle of Latisse.
http://wn.com/Latisse_Before_After_Picts_How_to_Apply_Video
Check out picts of my eyelashes 1. Before I applied Latisse eye lash growth product 2. At 4weeks after beginning to use products I also go over how I apply the product to my eyelids. I discuss a tool that I use that 1. Makes sure I get product right where it needs to go 2. Reduces waste when applying product, thus increases number of applications per bottle of Latisse.
- published: 02 Nov 2011
- views: 15870
- author: iwannaventana
2110ccm with single Solex 34 PICT-3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
the aim was to get a good torquer out of an "all stock style" engine for a daily driver. The result on the dyno showed up 55,5KW (75,48PS) and 162Nm. Max torque is already available at 2000rpm!
http://wn.com/2110ccm_with_single_Solex_34_PICT-3
the aim was to get a good torquer out of an "all stock style" engine for a daily driver. The result on the dyno showed up 55,5KW (75,48PS) and 162Nm. Max torque is already available at 2000rpm!
- published: 21 Aug 2009
- views: 5750
- author: wheelerdealerGT
ACHREN - Blood Soaked Banner / AINSHVAL - Pictish Pride
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 30 Jan 2013
Achren - Blood Soaked Banner (single 2008) Ainshval - Pictish Pride (demo 2002) first two songs off 'Unite The Klan - TSBM'
http://wn.com/ACHREN_Blood_Soaked_Banner_AINSHVAL_Pictish_Pride
Achren - Blood Soaked Banner (single 2008) Ainshval - Pictish Pride (demo 2002) first two songs off 'Unite The Klan - TSBM'
- published: 15 Dec 2009
- views: 9731
- author: KingAhti
The Picts Of Scotland - Last Of The Free (4/6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:35
- Updated: 04 Feb 2013
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Of_Scotland_Last_Of_The_Free_4_6
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 13473
- author: TheTrueScotland
Power Of Picts - Lucifers Corpus - 1969
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
Writing On The Wall Album: Power Of Picts, 1969 Lucifers Corpus: 5:47
http://wn.com/Power_Of_Picts_Lucifers_Corpus_1969
Writing On The Wall Album: Power Of Picts, 1969 Lucifers Corpus: 5:47
- published: 27 May 2010
- views: 31049
- author: nightsbefore
The Picts - The Reelflexologist - Live
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
The Picts, playing 'The reelflexologist', recorded live at Oran Mor, Glasgow. www.picts.co.uk The animation program is called 'Magic' and is part of a collection of realtime motion effects by Peter Blaškovič which can be found here www.escapemotions.com
http://wn.com/The_Picts_The_Reelflexologist_Live
The Picts, playing 'The reelflexologist', recorded live at Oran Mor, Glasgow. www.picts.co.uk The animation program is called 'Magic' and is part of a collection of realtime motion effects by Peter Blaškovič which can be found here www.escapemotions.com
- published: 13 Apr 2011
- views: 1925
- author: pictmatrix
Short Crochet Braids Maintainance Video... Picts at the end
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:43
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
Short maintain video. What i use. How i use it. How often. How my hair looks after almost ONE month. PICTS at the end.
http://wn.com/Short_Crochet_Braids_Maintainance_Video_Picts_at_the_end
Short maintain video. What i use. How i use it. How often. How my hair looks after almost ONE month. PICTS at the end.
- published: 24 Apr 2009
- views: 13371
- author: toysvoice
The Picts Of Scotland - Last Of The Free (5/6)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:57
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
http://wn.com/The_Picts_Of_Scotland_Last_Of_The_Free_5_6
Scotland Documentary. Caledonia, The Picts and the birth of Scotland. **A History of Scotland DVD available - Febuary 8th 2010**
- published: 04 Mar 2010
- views: 12260
- author: TheTrueScotland
Emir Mahira pict. video.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
sorry if the results are not satisfactory for you, and go follow @nada_kirana @farasyamanzilla @Maharaninawang thank you all i love you :)
http://wn.com/Emir_Mahira_pict_videowmv
sorry if the results are not satisfactory for you, and go follow @nada_kirana @farasyamanzilla @Maharaninawang thank you all i love you :)
- published: 04 Jan 2012
- views: 4522
- author: nafanafana
Can you truly trust online profile pictures?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Samsung proves you can't.
http://wn.com/Can_you_truly_trust_online_profile_pictures?
Picts Vs Pirates aoc
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:41
- Updated: 19 Jan 2013
Video from fury event
http://wn.com/Picts_Vs_Pirates_aoc
Mothra Movie picts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
For all u mothra fans i just made a video of pictures of her movies. Enjoy! PLz rate and comment Dam over 8000 views
http://wn.com/Mothra_Movie_picts
For all u mothra fans i just made a video of pictures of her movies. Enjoy! PLz rate and comment Dam over 8000 views
- published: 24 Feb 2008
- views: 40626
- author: lovechickens14
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Actor profile and interview Shimpal Lelisi Niue
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:54
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Actor_profile_and_interview_Shimpal_Lelisi_Niue
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 28 Jan 2012
- views: 424
- author: polyfreshtv
My World Profile interview Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Profile interview Parris Goebel Request Dance Crew FRESH TV2 TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/My_World_Profile_interview_Parris_Goebel_from_Request_Dance_Crew
Profile interview Parris Goebel Request Dance Crew FRESH TV2 TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 05 Feb 2012
- views: 8656
- author: polyfreshtv
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh TVNZ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Profile_interview_with_Teuila_Blakely_aka_Vasa_from_Shortland_Street_Fresh_TVNZ
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 2618
- author: polyfreshtv
Full body male tattoo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Full_body_male_tattoo
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 28 Jan 2012
- views: 1049
- author: polyfreshtv
My World - David Dallas FRESH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 27 Nov 2012
Profile interview David Dallas My World Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/My_World_David_Dallas_FRESH
Profile interview David Dallas My World Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 2142
- author: polyfreshtv
Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
www.sfgate.com - www.zennie62.com Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts Megan Fox is becoming a massively sexy quote machine. Th star of the new move Jennifer's Body was interviewed by the Rolling Stone's Erik Hedegaard, who seemed to be trying to get Fox to say something controversial. By my start to finish review, he succeeded. Take these comments... "Men are scared of vaginas," Fox rants, "A woman is most powerful when she is "completely in charge of her sexuality."
http://wn.com/Megan_Fox_wild_in_Rolling_Stone_sexy_talk_and_picts
www.sfgate.com - www.zennie62.com Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts Megan Fox is becoming a massively sexy quote machine. Th star of the new move Jennifer's Body was interviewed by the Rolling Stone's Erik Hedegaard, who seemed to be trying to get Fox to say something controversial. By my start to finish review, he succeeded. Take these comments... "Men are scared of vaginas," Fox rants, "A woman is most powerful when she is "completely in charge of her sexuality."
- published: 20 Sep 2009
- views: 271255
- author: zennie62
Vogue Dance Crew at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Vogue at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Vogue_Dance_Crew_at_World_Supremacy_Dance_Competition_WSB_Episode_5_Fresh_TVNZ_TV2_29_Jan_2011
Vogue at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 27 Jan 2011
- views: 50785
- author: polyfreshtv
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands FRESH Episode 16 TVNZ 16 April 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Sun_Goes_Down_Nesian_Mystik_unplugged_in_Rarotonga_Cook_Islands
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands FRESH Episode 16 TVNZ 16 April 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 15 Apr 2011
- views: 65791
- author: polyfreshtv
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology Fresh TVNZ TV2 ep 3 15 Jan 2011.mpg www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Ifob_Ipod_Pacific_twist_to_technology
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology Fresh TVNZ TV2 ep 3 15 Jan 2011.mpg www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 14 Jan 2011
- views: 169211
- author: polyfreshtv
Unplugged - Fourtunate Rolling In Deep FRESH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Rolling in the deep Fourtunate Unplugged version Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Unplugged_Fourtunate_Rolling_In_Deep_FRESH
Rolling in the deep Fourtunate Unplugged version Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 29679
- author: polyfreshtv
Fresh iFOB - Apple Ipad with Uncle Sam
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:51
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
Ifob Ipad Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 - Apple Ipad Funny Ifob by Tofiga Fepulea'i from Laughing Samoans Fresh TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Fresh_iFOB_Apple_Ipad_with_Uncle_Sam
Ifob Ipad Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 - Apple Ipad Funny Ifob by Tofiga Fepulea'i from Laughing Samoans Fresh TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 39189
- author: polyfreshtv
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Ifob_Remote_Control_Technology_with_a_Pacific_twist_Episode_5_Fresh_TVNZ_TV2_29_Jan_2011
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 27 Jan 2011
- views: 44488
- author: polyfreshtv
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:22
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew 4 Feb 2012 TVNZ TV2 10 am www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Part_1_of_2_FRESH_Episode_5_hosted_by_Parris_Goebel_from_Request_Dance_Crew
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew 4 Feb 2012 TVNZ TV2 10 am www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 03 Feb 2012
- views: 17735
- author: polyfreshtv
Tofiga Fepulea'i profile story My World Fresh TVNZ Episode 10 5 March 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Tofiga_Fepulea'i_profile_story_My_World_Fresh_TVNZ_Episode_10_5_March_2011
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 07 Mar 2011
- views: 26031
- author: polyfreshtv
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:53
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Part_2_of_2_FRESH_episode_2_hosted_by_David_Dallas_and_PNC
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 11718
- author: polyfreshtv
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Fresh_Speak_Episode_1_Series_2_2012
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 7340
- author: polyfreshtv
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 April 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 Ap ril 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Mahogany_unplugged_Episode_14_FRESH_TVNZ_2_April_2011
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 Ap ril 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 30 Mar 2011
- views: 22492
- author: polyfreshtv
FRESH - Eyes on the prize: Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:22
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011 in Samoa Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/FRESH_Eyes_on_the_prize_Miss_South_Pacific_Pageant_2011
Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011 in Samoa Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 7893
- author: polyfreshtv
Pani And Pani - How To Be Skux FRESH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Pani and Pani How to look skux Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Pani_And_Pani_How_To_Be_Skux_FRESH
Pani and Pani How to look skux Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 15215
- author: polyfreshtv
Fresh Speak Episode 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Fresh_Speak_Episode_3
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 14 Jan 2011
- views: 24554
- author: polyfreshtv
Facebook and Social Media Ifob FRESH TVNZ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Facebook and Social Media Ifob FRESH TVNZ FRESH Episode 13 Hosted by J Boog iFOB Tyra Kardashian Knowles-it-all Facebook FRESH TVNZ 26 April 2011 featuring Shimpal Lelisi and Aleni Tufuga www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Facebook_and_Social_Media_Ifob_FRESH_TVNZ
Facebook and Social Media Ifob FRESH TVNZ FRESH Episode 13 Hosted by J Boog iFOB Tyra Kardashian Knowles-it-all Facebook FRESH TVNZ 26 April 2011 featuring Shimpal Lelisi and Aleni Tufuga www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 25 Mar 2011
- views: 19211
- author: polyfreshtv
Fresh - Brown & Around: North Shore Pasefika Festival 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
North Shore Pasefika Festival 2011 Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/Fresh_Brown_Around_North_Shore_Pasefika_Festival_2011
North Shore Pasefika Festival 2011 Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 27810
- author: polyfreshtv
FRESH - iBLOG with Uncle Sam - Tips for the summer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:57
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
FRESH Episode 3 hosted by Bella Kalolo and Iva Lamkum IBLOG Uncle Sam aka Tofiga Fepulea'i www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
http://wn.com/FRESH_iBLOG_with_Uncle_Sam_Tips_for_the_summer
FRESH Episode 3 hosted by Bella Kalolo and Iva Lamkum IBLOG Uncle Sam aka Tofiga Fepulea'i www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 20 Jan 2012
- views: 16905
- author: polyfreshtv
5:54
Actor profile and interview Shimpal Lelisi Niue
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit ...
published: 28 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Actor profile and interview Shimpal Lelisi Niue
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 28 Jan 2012
- views: 424
- author: polyfreshtv
4:51
My World Profile interview Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
Profile interview Parris Goebel Request Dance Crew FRESH TV2 TVNZ www.facebook.com For mor...
published: 05 Feb 2012
author: polyfreshtv
My World Profile interview Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
Profile interview Parris Goebel Request Dance Crew FRESH TV2 TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 05 Feb 2012
- views: 8656
- author: polyfreshtv
6:00
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh TVNZ
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh Episode 1 Serie...
published: 06 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh TVNZ
Profile interview with Teuila Blakely aka Vasa from Shortland Street Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 2618
- author: polyfreshtv
2:00
Full body male tattoo
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit ...
published: 28 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Full body male tattoo
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 28 Jan 2012
- views: 1049
- author: polyfreshtv
3:54
My World - David Dallas FRESH
Profile interview David Dallas My World Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com F...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
My World - David Dallas FRESH
Profile interview David Dallas My World Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 2142
- author: polyfreshtv
5:19
Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts
www.sfgate.com - www.zennie62.com Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts Me...
published: 20 Sep 2009
author: zennie62
Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts
www.sfgate.com - www.zennie62.com Megan Fox wild in Rolling Stone - sexy talk and picts Megan Fox is becoming a massively sexy quote machine. Th star of the new move Jennifer's Body was interviewed by the Rolling Stone's Erik Hedegaard, who seemed to be trying to get Fox to say something controversial. By my start to finish review, he succeeded. Take these comments... "Men are scared of vaginas," Fox rants, "A woman is most powerful when she is "completely in charge of her sexuality."
- published: 20 Sep 2009
- views: 271255
- author: zennie62
7:04
Vogue Dance Crew at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
Vogue at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.fa...
published: 27 Jan 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Vogue Dance Crew at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
Vogue at World Supremacy Dance Competition WSB Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 27 Jan 2011
- views: 50785
- author: polyfreshtv
3:02
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands FRESH Episode 16 TVNZ 16 A...
published: 15 Apr 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands
Sun Goes Down Nesian Mystik unplugged in Rarotonga Cook Islands FRESH Episode 16 TVNZ 16 April 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 15 Apr 2011
- views: 65791
- author: polyfreshtv
1:52
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology Fresh TVNZ TV2 ep 3 15 Jan 2011.mpg www.facebook.com...
published: 14 Jan 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology
Ifob Ipod Pacific twist to technology Fresh TVNZ TV2 ep 3 15 Jan 2011.mpg www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 14 Jan 2011
- views: 169211
- author: polyfreshtv
3:39
Unplugged - Fourtunate Rolling In Deep FRESH
Rolling in the deep Fourtunate Unplugged version Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.faceb...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Unplugged - Fourtunate Rolling In Deep FRESH
Rolling in the deep Fourtunate Unplugged version Ep 2 FRESH TVNZ TV2 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 29679
- author: polyfreshtv
1:51
Fresh iFOB - Apple Ipad with Uncle Sam
Ifob Ipad Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 - Apple Ipad Funny Ifob by To...
published: 06 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Fresh iFOB - Apple Ipad with Uncle Sam
Ifob Ipad Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 - Apple Ipad Funny Ifob by Tofiga Fepulea'i from Laughing Samoans Fresh TVNZ www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 39189
- author: polyfreshtv
2:24
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 w...
published: 27 Jan 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011
Ifob Remote Control Technology with a Pacific twist Episode 5 Fresh TVNZ TV2 29 Jan 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 27 Jan 2011
- views: 44488
- author: polyfreshtv
13:22
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew 4 Feb 2012 TVN...
published: 03 Feb 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew
Part 1 of 2 FRESH Episode 5 hosted by Parris Goebel from Request Dance Crew 4 Feb 2012 TVNZ TV2 10 am www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 03 Feb 2012
- views: 17735
- author: polyfreshtv
6:40
Tofiga Fepulea'i profile story My World Fresh TVNZ Episode 10 5 March 2011
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit ...
published: 07 Mar 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Tofiga Fepulea'i profile story My World Fresh TVNZ Episode 10 5 March 2011
www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 07 Mar 2011
- views: 26031
- author: polyfreshtv
Vimeo results:
3:20
The Particle v1.0
"The Particle" is a kinetic sculpture that experiments with color, sound and movement. Aro...
published: 30 Nov 2009
author: Alex Posada
The Particle v1.0
"The Particle" is a kinetic sculpture that experiments with color, sound and movement. Around the space occupied by the sculpture defines a surround sound system that reacts and becomes one with the movement and light.
Contact:
info@mediainteractivedesign.com
Picts:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexposada/sets/72157622778283574/
5:18
The Last Waterman of Wittman
In the days before his son leaves for college, Steve Jones, a lifelong crabber from Wittma...
published: 26 Nov 2011
author: ListenIn Pictures
The Last Waterman of Wittman
In the days before his son leaves for college, Steve Jones, a lifelong crabber from Wittman, Maryland reflects on his life as a waterman and what he thinks the future holds.
See our blog about the process here:
http://listeninpictures.com/video-premiere-the-last-waterman-of-wittman
@ListeninPict
Facebook.com/ListenInPictures
2:26
Saint Nicolas, autumn week-end ❦
★ Wait to preload the 1080p video and watch it in full screen to enjoy some of the details...
published: 09 Jan 2012
author: GAntico
Saint Nicolas, autumn week-end ❦
★ Wait to preload the 1080p video and watch it in full screen to enjoy some of the details coming from the 4k footage (re-compressed and reduced to 2k for publication on Vimeo...).
Saint Nicolas is a small village, sitting like a balcony above the Dora Baltea Valley, in the zone of Mont Fallère (Aosta - Italy). I tried to capture some of its beauty and to freeze a few instants of its peaceful atmosphere in an autumn week-end, while teaching in my first Timelapse Workshop.
I shot everything in RAW with my 7D and developed the picts with Lightroom 3 + LRTimelapse. I used After Effects CS5.5 for stabilizing a couple of sequences, final color grading and deflickering (I purchased GBDeflickr after some tests against Sapphire equivalent plugin).
I edited with Premiere Pro, not before spending some long days in paint for removing thousands of stains created by insects, birds and sensor noise in long exposures. I also removed dozens of the most annoying airplanes, especially by night. I would have not survived if I hadn't a Wacom tablet!
CREDITS:
✇ Video Production and Post-production: Giovanni Antico, aka GAntico
♫ Music: Timelapse, by Mike Barresi, licensed via Vimeo Music Store.
OUTTAKE:
♘ Some frames captured by my GoPro before being licked by a cow: vimeo.com/31410269
THANKS TO:
☃ Mountain Photo School, Èspero, TLI Timelapse Italia and the participants to the workshop.
✍ Adobe and Wacom for having given me incredibly great tools, Gunther Wegner for LRTimelapse.
❉ Villaggio Gerbore for the hospitality during the workshop.
FEATURED ON:
TLI: http://timelapseitalia.com/tl-workshop-timelapse-2011-il-video-finale-del-docente/
Focus: http://focusmedia.nl/article/1007/timelapse-saint-nicolas-italie.html
1:56
BBC 2 | CITY ADDICTED TO CRYSTAL METH
This is an excerpt from a documentary I produced and directed about methamphetamine addict...
published: 16 Sep 2010
author: Geoffrey O'Connor / Copious Pict
BBC 2 | CITY ADDICTED TO CRYSTAL METH
This is an excerpt from a documentary I produced and directed about methamphetamine addiction and recovery in Fresno, California.*Director/DP: Geoffrey OConnor | Writer/Presenter: Louis Theroux | Executive Producer: Nick Mirsky
Youtube results:
18:53
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com Fo...
published: 10 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC
Part 2 of 2 FRESH episode 2 hosted by David Dallas and PNC 14 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 10 Jan 2012
- views: 11718
- author: polyfreshtv
1:24
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews,...
published: 06 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012
Fresh Speak Episode 1 Series 2 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 7340
- author: polyfreshtv
2:48
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 April 2011
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 Ap ril 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive...
published: 30 Mar 2011
author: polyfreshtv
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 April 2011
Mahogany unplugged Episode 14 FRESH TVNZ 2 Ap ril 2011 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 30 Mar 2011
- views: 22492
- author: polyfreshtv
9:22
FRESH - Eyes on the prize: Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011
Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011 in Samoa Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 201...
published: 06 Jan 2012
author: polyfreshtv
FRESH - Eyes on the prize: Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011
Miss South Pacific Pageant 2011 in Samoa Fresh Episode 1 Series 2 2012 TVNZ TV2 07 Jan 2012 www.facebook.com For more exclusive picts, interviews, celebrity updates and videos visit our Fresh site
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 7893
- author: polyfreshtv
photo: AP / Ugarit News via AP video
09 Feb 2013
BEIRUT, Lebanon — The video has gone viral in recent days. Syrian government soldiers, in camouflage gear, carrying rocket-propelled grenades and brandishing rifles, mugging for the camera while dancing in a circle to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Enlarge This Image. Ugarit News, via Associated Press. In a video posted online, Syrian soldiers chant and dance to Usher’s hit song “Yeah!”. Related. U.N ... Twitter List ... Raw ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)
photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
10 Feb 2013
A protester holds a banner reading "Be careful Mr President Hollande, Tunisia is not Mali" at a demonstration in Tunis on February 9. (AP). More Coverage. Late last year, largely unnoticed in the West, Tunisia's president, Moncef Marzouki, gave an interview to Chatham House's The World Today ... "We didn't realise how dangerous and violent these Salafists could be ... They are a tiny minority within a tiny minority ... Threats ... ....(size: 13.5Kb)
photo: AP / Elaine Thompson
10 Feb 2013
Boeing sent a 787 up on a test flight Saturday, the first since the new airliner was grounded three weeks ago because of a battery fire ... The plan was to spend two and a half hours in the air ... ....(size: 1.0Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
09 Feb 2013
NEW DELHI (AP) — Indian news channels are reporting that a Kashmiri man convicted in the 2001 attack on India's Parliament has been hanged ... World news. Last 24 hours....(size: 5.9Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
09 Feb 2013
Thick snow is blanketing the north-eastern US as a major storm cuts power to thousands of homes and plays havoc with transport schedules. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, Connecticut and Maine are all on an emergency footing, with millions of residents being warned to stay indoors. Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick has temporarily banned all non-essential traffic on the state's roads ... Worse to come? ... Stay home." ... Light....(size: 5.7Kb)
The New York Times
06 Feb 2013
What’s in a name? Beats me. The Collection. A Fashion App for the iPad. A one-stop destination for Times fashion coverage and the latest from the runways. Download It From the App Store. Follow Us on Twitter. Follow @NYTimesfashion for fashion, beauty and lifestyle news and headlines ... It opens it up a bit more to interpretation.” ... “Several Species of Small Furry Animals Gathered Together in a Cave and Grooving With a Pict ... ....(size: 9.8Kb)
Huffington Post
01 Feb 2013
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. (AP) -- The San Francisco Bay estuary has been added to a list of protected wetlands under a 1971 international treaty among 163 countries meant to limit damaging development along ecologically important waterways. Ramsar Convention officials on Friday announced the U.S. government had added the bay as the nation's 35th "wetland of importance" under the treaty ... Also on HuffPost ... This is Home ... That's my footIPAD Pict ... ....(size: 19.7Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
29 Jan 2013
Using 21st century technology and a trained legion of Baby Boomers it is now possible to archive and share the living history of the 20th century before it is lost forever. The Living Legacy Project makes it all possible ... 1 ... 2 ... The Project has established “Pict-oral” history programs in senior living communities, ethnic groups, faith-based congregations, etc., as a means to reach the most endangered personal history ... Tom Cormier ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
26 Jan 2013
You know when people tell you that you look like your mother, and it’s sort of a backhanded compliment? In Presley Gerber’s case, we mean it as a real compliment! The 13-year-old son of Cindy Crawford was spotted alongside his gorgeous mom on Thursday in Malibu, California, and the similarities are striking ... But, don’t expect Presley or his 11-year-old sister Kaia to be doing photo shoots anytime soon ... Pagination ... Pict … ... ... ....(size: 12.6Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
26 Jan 2013
"omg! Insider" correspondent and Yahoo!'s very own Michael Yo caught up with Jennifer Lopez, who was sporting a white Kaufman Franco dress, at the Las Vegas premiere of her flick "Parker" Thursday night. The sexy mother of two dished about her very favorite gown, the recent cheetah-leopard outfit she donned, and how she manages to balance motherhood with a super-star schedule... all while still looking hot! ... ... Pict … ... Report ... ....(size: 13.0Kb)
Palm Beach Post
14 Jan 2013
The city’s first Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market, an all-grocery version of the big-box discount store, will open at 7.30 a.m. Wednesday at the Boynton Trail Centre ... The new store will have a pharmacy, deli and bakery ... Another Wal-Mart Neighborhood Market is planned for Military Trail and Flavor Pict Road, three miles south of the market opening Wednesday ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Sun Sentinel
12 Jan 2013
Palm Beach County is making plans to build Flavor Pict Road from Lyons Road to U.S ... Construction on Flavor Pict is scheduled for 2017. But it won't connect up with the Flavor Pict on the other side of Florida's Turnpike. ... Flavor Pict as a major thoroughfare stretching from Military Trail to 441. "We'd love it," said Tina Korn, who lives in a community near Flavor Pict ... And so Flavor Pict takes on a larger role....(size: 6.7Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
04 Jan 2013
I am very upset with the article "Local Stages Showcase Talented Pool of Actors" (Jan. 2). There is no mention of costumes! There is a category for projections (which to me is a subcategory of sets and/or lighting). It seems that costumes have nothing to do with a production ... A lot is mentioned about the actors, directors and scenery of PICT shows, but hardly a peep about costumes ... MARLENE SPERANZA. Costumer ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
02 Jan 2013
He also cemented a recurring role for PICT as Sherlock Holmes, with Martin Giles as Dr ... Osage County"); Erika Cuenca (as four characters in Off the Wall's "The Other Place"); Theo Allen (Grace, City's "Tigers Be Still); Caralyn Kozlowski (Ellen and Jenna, City's "Maple and Vine"); Helena Ruoti (Arsinoe, PICT's "The School for Lies"); Lily Davis (ghost, Caravan Theatre's "800 Words....(size: 9.1Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
02 Jan 2013
Here's a first for the 29th annual naming of the Post-Gazette Performer of the Year -- a trio ... Here's why, in no particular order. ... Mr. Marks continued his streak this month, playing opposite his talented wife, Nike Doukas, another strong PICT player, in "The School for Lies." ... All that, and she was part of the collaboration that produced the high-concept, multilayered "STRATA" experience. • Violet Watson of "August ... Ms ... Mr....(size: 2.7Kb)
The Business Review
31 Dec 2012
Denver Business Journal by Kathleen Lavine, Photographer. Date. Monday, December 31, 2012, 5.01am MST. (20 photos). Kathleen Lavine . Denver Business Journal. Christopher Gdowski, Superintendent of Adams 12 Five Star Schools, talks with Azelia Bernal and other second graders at STEM Magnet Lab School. January 2012. Here are 20 picks (picts) of my favorite DBJ photos of 2012 ... Even if that light is my Nikon SB800. Related links. ... Sign Up Now ... No ... ....(size: 8.6Kb)
The Examiner
23 Dec 2012
Rating for Vupoint Photo Cube WIFI. 5. Have you ever taken that perfect shot and wanted instant gratification by printing it out immediately? We all have. So no take your iOS device and sync or doc it to your PC/Mac (or wirelessly if you have the set up) ... As a side note, although it was tested with iOS devices, you will be happy to know Android users are also able to print, as are those w/o a computer via the Pict Bridge option ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
20 Dec 2012
Looking back, 2012 isn't as remarkable for individual, soaring achievements as for its high plateaus -- solid exciting work from many theaters. This makes picking the year's top 10 difficult because our list of the best theater evenings could go on past the 20 honored below; excellence was well spread ... 1. It's a matter of definition ... 1 ... 1. Chekhov Festival (PICT) ... 4 ... • "School for Lies," PICT (David Ives after Moliere) ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)
This article is about the Celtic tribes. For the graphic file format, see PICT.
The Picts were a group of Late Iron Age and Early Mediaeval Celtic people living in ancient eastern and northern Scotland.[1] There is an association with the geographical distribution of brochs, Brythonic place name elements, and Pictish stones. Picts are recorded from before the Roman conquest of Britain until the 10th century, when they merged with the Gaels. They lived to the north of the rivers Forth and Clyde, and spoke the extinct Pictish language, thought to have been related to the Brythonic languages spoken by the Britons to the south. They are assumed to have been the descendants of the Caledonii and other tribes named by Roman historians or found on the world map of Ptolemy. Pictland, also known as Pictavia, gradually merged with the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata to form the Kingdom of Alba (Scotland). Alba expanded, absorbing the Brythonic kingdom of Strathclyde and Bernician Lothian, and by the 11th century the Pictish identity had been subsumed into the "Scots" amalgamation of peoples.
Pictish society was typical of many Iron Age societies in northern Europe, having "wide connections and parallels" with neighbouring groups.[2]
Archaeology gives some impression of the society of the Picts. While very little in the way of Pictish writing has survived, Pictish history since the late 6th century is known from a variety of sources, including Bede's Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, saints' lives such as that of Columba by Adomnán, and various Irish annals. Although the popular impression of the Picts may be one of an obscure, mysterious people, this is far from being the case. When compared with the generality of Northern, Central and Eastern Europe in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, Pictish history and society are well attested.[3]
Contents |
Names[link]
What they called themselves is unknown.[4] The Latin word Picti first occurs in a panegyric written by Eumenius in AD 297 and is taken to mean "painted or tattooed people" (from Latin pingere "to paint",;[5] pictus, "painted", cf. Greek "πυκτίς" - puktis, "picture").[6] As Sally M. Foster noted, "Much ink has been spilt over what the ancient writers meant by Picts, but it seems to be a generic term for people living north of the Forth-Clyde isthmus who raided the Roman Empire."[7]
Their Old English name[8] gave the modern Scots form Pechts and the Welsh word Fichti.[citation needed] In writings from Ireland, the name Cruthin, Cruthini, Cruthni, Cruithni or Cruithini (Modern Irish: Cruithne) was used to refer to the Picts and to a group of people who lived alongside the Ulaid in eastern Ulster.[9] It is generally accepted that this is derived from *Qritani, which is the Goidelic/Q-Celtic version of the Britonnic/P-Celtic *Pritani.[10] From this came Britanni, the Roman name for those now called the Britons.[9][10][11] It has been suggested that Cruthin was a name used to refer to all the Britons who were not conquered by the Romans; those who lived outside Roman Britannia, north of Hadrian's Wall.[11]
History[link]
The means by which the Pictish confederation formed in Late Antiquity from a number of tribes is unknown, although there is speculation that reaction to the growth of the Roman Empire was a factor.[12]
Pictland had previously been described as the home of the Caledonii.[13] Other tribes said to have lived in the area included the Verturiones, Taexali and Venicones.[14] Except for the Caledonians, the names may be second- or third-hand: perhaps as reported to the Romans by speakers of Brythonic or Gaulish languages.[15]
Pictish recorded history begins in the Dark Ages. It appears that they were not the dominant power in Northern Britain for the entire period. The Gaels of Dál Riata controlled their own region for a time, but suffered a series of defeats in the first third of the 7th century.[16] The Angles of Bernicia overwhelmed the adjacent British kingdoms, and the neighbouring Anglian kingdom of Deira (Bernicia and Deira later being called Northumbria) was to become the most powerful kingdom in Britain.[17] The Picts were probably tributary to Northumbria until the reign of Bridei map Beli, when the Anglians suffered a defeat at the Battle of Dun Nechtain that halted their northward expansion. The Northumbrians continued to dominate southern Scotland for the remainder of the Pictish period.
In the reign of Óengus mac Fergusa (729–761), Dál Riata was very much subject to the Pictish king. Although it had its own kings from the 760s, it appears that Dál Riata did not recover.[18] A later Pictish king, Caustantín mac Fergusa (793–820), placed his son Domnall on the throne of Dál Riata (811–835).[19] Pictish attempts to achieve a similar dominance over the Britons of Alt Clut (Dumbarton) were not successful.[20]
The Viking Age brought great changes in Britain and Ireland, no less in Scotland than elsewhere. The kingdom of Dál Riata was destroyed, certainly by the middle of the 9th century, when Ketil Flatnose is said to have founded the Kingdom of the Isles. Northumbria too succumbed to the Vikings, who founded the Kingdom of York, and the Kingdom of Strathclyde was also greatly affected. The king of Fortriu Eógan mac Óengusa, the king of Dál Riata Áed mac Boanta, and many more, were killed in a major battle against the Vikings in 839.[21] The rise of Cínaed mac Ailpín (Kenneth MacAlpin) in the 840s, in the aftermath of this disaster, brought to power the family who would preside over the last days of the Pictish kingdom and found the new kingdom of Alba, although Cínaed himself was never other than king of the Picts.[citation needed]
In the reign of Cínaed's grandson, Caustantín mac Áeda (900–943), the kingdom of the Picts became the kingdom of Alba. The change from Pictland to Alba may not have been noticeable at first; indeed, as we do not know the Pictish name for their land, it may not have been a change at all. The Picts, along with their language, did not disappear suddenly. The process of Gaelicisation, which may have begun generations earlier, continued under Caustantín and his successors. When the last inhabitants of Alba became fully Gaelicised Scots, probably during the 11th century, the Picts were soon forgotten.[22] Later they would reappear in myth and legend.[23]
Kings and kingdoms[link]
See also: List of Kings of the Picts
The early history of Pictland is unclear. In later periods multiple kings existed, ruling over separate kingdoms, with one king, sometimes two, more or less dominating their lesser neighbours.[24] De Situ Albanie, a late document, the Pictish Chronicle, the Duan Albanach, along with Irish legends, have been used to argue the existence of seven Pictish kingdoms. These are as follows; those in bold are known to have had kings, or are otherwise attested in the Pictish period:
- Cait, situated in modern Caithness and Sutherland
- Ce, situated in modern Mar and Buchan
- Circinn, perhaps situated in modern Angus and the Mearns[25]
- Fib, the modern Fife, known to this day as 'the Kingdom of Fife'
- Fidach, location unknown
- Fotla, modern Atholl (Ath-Fotla)[26]
- Fortriu, cognate with the Verturiones of the Romans; recently shown to be centered around Moray[27]
More small kingdoms may have existed. Some evidence suggests that a Pictish kingdom also existed in Orkney.[28] De Situ Albanie is not the most reliable of sources, and the number of kingdoms, one for each of the seven sons of Cruithne, the eponymous founder of the Picts, may well be grounds enough for disbelief.[29] Regardless of the exact number of kingdoms and their names, the Pictish nation was not a united one.
For most of Pictish recorded history the kingdom of Fortriu appears dominant, so much so that king of Fortriu and king of the Picts may mean one and the same thing in the annals. This was previously thought to lie in the area around Perth and the southern Strathearn, whereas recent work has convinced those working in the field that Moray (a name referring to a very much larger area in the High Middle Ages than the county of Moray), was the core of Fortriu.[30]
The Picts are often said to have practised matrilineal succession on the basis of Irish legends and a statement in Bede's history. In fact, Bede merely says that the Picts used matrilineal succession in exceptional cases.[31] The kings of the Picts when Bede was writing were Bridei and Nechtan, sons of Der Ilei, who indeed claimed the throne through their mother Der Ilei, daughter of an earlier Pictish king.[32]
In Ireland, kings were expected to come from among those who had a great-grandfather who had been king.[33] Kingly fathers were not frequently succeeded by their sons, not because the Picts practised matrilineal succession, but because they were usually followed by their own brothers or cousins, more likely to be experienced men with the authority and the support necessary to be king.[34]
The nature of kingship changed considerably during the centuries of Pictish history. While kings had to be successful war leaders to maintain their authority, kingship became rather less personalised and more institutionalised during this time. Bureaucratic kingship was still far in the future when Pictland became Alba, but the support of the church, and the apparent ability of a small number of families to control the kingship for much of the period from the later 7th century onwards, provided a considerable degree of continuity. In much the same period, the Picts' neighbours in Dál Riata and Northumbria faced considerable difficulties, as the stability of succession and rule that previously benefited them ended.[35]
The later Mormaers are thought to have originated in Pictish times, and to have been copied from, or inspired by, Northumbrian usages.[36] It is unclear whether the Mormaers were originally former kings, royal officials, or local nobles, or some combination of these. Likewise, the Pictish shires and thanages, traces of which are found in later times, are thought to have been adopted from their southern neighbours.[37]
Society[link]
The archaeological record provides evidence of the material culture of the Picts. It tells of a society not readily distinguishable from its similar Gaelic and British neighbours, nor very different from the Anglo-Saxons to the south.[38] Although analogy and knowledge of other Celtic societies may be a useful guide, these extended across a very large area. Relying on knowledge of pre-Roman Gaul, or 13th century Ireland, as a guide to the Picts of the 6th century may be misleading if analogy is pursued too far.
As with most peoples in the north of Europe in Late Antiquity, the Picts were farmers living in small communities. Cattle and horses were an obvious sign of wealth and prestige, sheep and pigs were kept in large numbers, and place names suggest that transhumance was common. Animals were small by later standards, although horses from Britain were imported into Ireland as breed-stock to enlarge native horses. From Irish sources it appears that the élite engaged in competitive cattle-breeding for size, and this may have been the case in Pictland also. Carvings show hunting with dogs, and also, unlike in Ireland, with falcons. Cereal crops included wheat, barley, oats and rye. Vegetables included kale, cabbage, onions and leeks, peas and beans, turnips and carrots, and some types no longer common, such as skirret. Plants such as wild garlic, nettles and watercress may have been gathered in the wild. The pastoral economy meant that hides and leather were readily available. Wool was the main source of fibres for clothing, and flax was also common, although it is not clear if they grew it for fibres, for oil, or as a foodstuff. Fish, shellfish, seals, and whales were exploited along coasts and rivers. The importance of domesticated animals argues that meat and milk products were a major part of the diet of ordinary people, while the élite would have eaten a diet rich in meat from farming and hunting.[39]
No Pictish counterparts to the areas of denser settlement around important fortresses in Gaul and southern Britain, or any other significant urban settlements, are known. Larger, but not large, settlements existed around royal forts, such as at Burghead, or associated with religious foundations.[40] No towns are known in Scotland until the 12th century.[41]
The technology of everyday life is not well recorded, but archaeological evidence shows it to have been similar to that in Ireland and Anglo-Saxon England. Recently evidence has been found of watermills in Pictland.[42] Kilns were used for drying kernels of wheat or barley, not otherwise easy in the changeable, temperate climate.[43]
The early Picts are associated with piracy and raiding along the coasts of Roman Britain. Even in the Late Middle Ages, the line between traders and pirates was unclear, so that Pictish pirates were probably merchants on other occasions. It is generally assumed that trade collapsed with the Roman Empire, but this is to overstate the case. There is only limited evidence of long-distance trade with Pictland, but tableware and storage vessels from Gaul, probably transported up the Irish Sea, have been found. This trade may have been controlled from Dunadd in Dál Riata, where such goods appear to have been common. While long-distance travel was unusual in Pictish times, it was far from unknown as stories of missionaries, travelling clerics and exiles show.[44]
Brochs are popularly associated with the Picts. Although these were built earlier in the Iron Age, with construction ending around 100 AD, they remained in use into and beyond the Pictish period.[45] Crannóg, which may originate in Neolithic Scotland, may have been rebuilt, and some were still in use in the time of the Picts.[46] The most common sort of buildings would have been roundhouses and rectangular timbered halls.[47] While many churches were built in wood, from the early 8th century, if not earlier, some were built in stone.[48]
The Picts are often said to have tattooed themselves, but evidence for this is limited. Naturalistic depictions of Pictish nobles, hunters and warriors, male and female, without obvious tattoos, are found on monumental stones. These stones include inscriptions in Latin and ogham script, not all of which have been deciphered. The well known Pictish symbols found on stones, and elsewhere, are obscure in meaning. A variety of esoteric explanations have been offered, but the simplest conclusion may be that these symbols represent the names of those who had raised, or are commemorated on, the stones. Pictish art can be classed as Celtic, and later as Insular.[49] Irish poets portrayed their Pictish counterparts as very much like themselves.[50]
Religion[link]
Early Pictish religion is presumed to have resembled Celtic polytheism in general, although only place names remain from the pre-Christian era. When the Pictish elite converted to Christianity is uncertain, but traditions place Saint Palladius in Pictland after he left Ireland, and link Abernethy with Saint Brigid of Kildare.[51] Saint Patrick refers to "apostate Picts", while the poem Y Gododdin does not remark on the Picts as pagans.[52] Bede wrote that Saint Ninian (confused by some with Saint Finnian of Moville, who died c. 589), had converted the southern Picts.[53] Recent archaeological work at Portmahomack places the foundation of the monastery there, an area once assumed to be among the last converted, in the late 6th century.[54] This is contemporary with Bridei mac Maelchon and Columba, but the process of establishing Christianity throughout Pictland will have extended over a much longer period.
Pictland was not solely influenced by Iona and Ireland. It also had ties to churches in Northumbria, as seen in the reign of Nechtan mac Der Ilei. The reported expulsion of Ionan monks and clergy by Nechtan in 717 may have been related to the controversy over the dating of Easter, and the manner of tonsure, where Nechtan appears to have supported the Roman usages, but may equally have been intended to increase royal power over the church.[55] Nonetheless, the evidence of place names suggests a wide area of Ionan influence in Pictland.[56] Likewise, the Cáin Adomnáin (Law of Adomnán, Lex Innocentium) counts Nechtan's brother Bridei among its guarantors.
The importance of monastic centres in Pictland was not, perhaps, as great as in Ireland. In areas that have been studied, such as Strathspey and Perthshire, it appears that the parochial structure of the High Middle Ages existed in early medieval times. Among the major religious sites of eastern Pictland were Portmahomack, Cennrígmonaid (later St Andrews), Dunkeld, Abernethy and Rosemarkie. It appears that these are associated with Pictish kings, which argues for a considerable degree of royal patronage and control of the church.[57] Portmahomack in particular has been the subject of recent excavation and research, published by Martin Carver.[58]
The cult of Saints was, as throughout Christian lands, of great importance in later Pictland. While kings might patronise great Saints, such as Saint Peter in the case of Nechtan, and perhaps Saint Andrew in the case of the second Óengus mac Fergusa, many lesser Saints, some now obscure, were important. The Pictish Saint Drostan appears to have had a wide following in the north in earlier times, although all but forgotten by the 12th century. Saint Serf of Culross was associated with Nechtan's brother Bridei.[59] It appears, as is well known in later times, that noble kin groups had their own patron saints, and their own churches or abbeys.[60]
Art[link]
Pictish art appears on stones, metalwork and small objects of stone and bone. It uses a distinctive form of the general Celtic Early Medieval development of La Tène style with increasing influences from the Insular art of 7th and 8th century Ireland and Northumbria, and then Anglo-Saxon and Irish art as the Early Medieval period continues. The most conspicuous survivals are the many Pictish stones that are located all over Pictland, from Inverness to Lanarkshire. An illustrated catalogue of these stones was produced by J. Romilly Allen as part of The Early Church Monuments of Scotland, with lists of their symbols and patterns. The symbols and patterns consist of animals including the Pictish Beast, the "rectangle", the "mirror and comb", "double-disk and Z-rod" and the "crescent and V-rod," among many others. There are also bosses and lenses with pelta and spiral designs. The patterns are curvilinear with hatchings. The so-called cross-slabs are carved with Pictish symbols, Insular-derived interlace and Christian imagery, though interpretation is often difficult due to wear and obscurity. Several of the Christian images carved on various stones, such as David the harpist, David and the lion, or scenes of St Paul and St Anthony meeting in the desert, have been influenced by the Insular manuscript tradition.[62]
Pictish metalwork is found throughout Pictland and also further south; the Picts appear to have a considerable amount of silver available, probably from raiding further south, or the payment of subsidies to keep them from doing so. The very large hoard of late Roman hacksilver found at Traprain Law may have originated in either way. The largest hoard of early Pictish metalwork was found in 1819 at Norrie's Law in Fife, but unfortunately much was dispersed and melted down (Scottish law on treasure finds has always been unhelpful to preservation). Two famous 7th century silver and enamel plaques from the hoard, one shown above, have a "Z-rod", one of the Pictish symbols, in a particularly well-preserved and elegant form; unfortunately few comparable pieces have survived.[63] Over ten heavy silver chains, some over 0.5m long, have been found from this period; the double-linked Whitecleuch Chain is one of only two that have a penannular ring, with symbol decoration including enamel, which shows how these were probably used as "choker" necklaces.[64]
In the 8th and 9th centuries, after Christianization, the Pictish elite adopted a particular form of the Celtic brooch from Ireland, preferring true penannular brooches with lobed terminals. Some older Irish pseudo-penannular brooches were adapted to the Pictish style, for example the Breadalbane Brooch (British Museum). The St Ninian's Isle Treasure contains the best collection of Pictish forms. Other characteristics of Pictish metalwork are dotted backgrounds or designs and animal forms influenced by Insular art. The 8th century Monymusk Reliquary has elements of Pictish and Irish style.[65]
Language[link]
Main article: Pictish language
The Pictish language has not survived. Evidence is limited to place names, the names of people found on monuments, and the contemporary records. The evidence of place-names and personal names argues strongly that the Picts spoke Insular Celtic languages related to the more southerly Brythonic languages.[66] A number of ogham inscriptions have been argued to be unidentifiable as Celtic, and on this basis, it has been suggested that non-Celtic languages were also in use.[67]
The absence of surviving written material in Pictish - if we discount the ambiguous "Pictish inscriptions" in the ogham script - does not indicate a pre-literate society. The church certainly required literacy in Latin, and could not function without copyists to produce liturgical documents. Pictish iconography shows books being read, and carried, and its naturalistic style gives every reason to suppose that such images were of real life. Literacy was not widespread, but among the senior clergy, and in monasteries, it would have been common enough.[68]
Place-names often allow us to deduce the existence of historic Pictish settlements in Scotland. Those prefixed with the Welsh prefixes "Aber-", "Lhan-", or "Pit-" (=? "peth", a thing) are claimed to indicate regions inhabited by Picts in the past (for example: Aberdeen, Lhanbryde, Pitmedden, etc.). Some of these, such as "Pit-" (portion, share), may have been formed after Pictish times, and may refer to previous "shires" or "thanages".[69]
The evidence of place-names may also reveal the advance of Gaelic into Pictland. As noted, Atholl, meaning New Ireland, is attested in the early 8th century. This may be an indication of the advance of Gaelic. Fortriu also contains place-names suggesting Gaelic settlement, or Gaelic influences.[70]
In literature and popular culture[link]
Pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard wrote extensively about his romanticized version of the Picts, especially in his short stories revolving around the fictional character Bran Mak Morn, but also in many other of his stories.
Rudyard Kipling devotes several chapters to the Picts in his book Puck of Pook's Hill. Historical fantasy author Juliet Marillier's series The Bridei Chronicles tells of the Picts and Gaels in the sixth century A.D.[71] Nancy Farmer's series The Sea of Trolls depicts fictional Picts.[72] Anne Rice also wrote of fictional Picts, crafting them into the Taltos for her book series The Lives of the Mayfair Witches.
Yet another use of the Picts in a fantasy setting comes in Jacqueline Carey's Kushiel's Legacy fantasy series concerning the Kingdom of Alba and the Picts, and their dealings with Terre D'Ange.
Matthew Stover's Bronze Age fantasy novels Iron Dawn and Jericho Moon chronicle the adventures of Barra Coll Eigg Rhum, a Pictish princess.
The 1982 film Conan The Barbarian features bodybuilder Franco Columbu in a cameo as a blue-tattooed Pictish scout. The 2004 film King Arthur depicts the Picts (called "Woads" in the film) as tattooed and painted savage forest people, led by the dark magician Merlin. Originally enemies to Arthur and his knights, they later unite to defeat the Saxons at Badon Hill. Neil Marshall's 2010 film Centurion features a conflict between a band of Picts and the Roman Ninth Legion. Duncan Kenworthy's 2011 film The Eagle depicts the quest of a Roman officer, portrayed as the son of the commander of the Ninth Legion, into the country of the Picts to retrieve the Ninth's standard along with his Brigantian slave, whom he frees during their journey.
In Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels, particularly those featuring the Lancre witches, the Picts are an obvious influence on the Nac Mac Feegle, a race of tiny wood-fairies whose speech is influenced by Scottish Gaelic and who are tattooed with blue war-paint. In Carpe Jugulum, they are called "Pictsies."
Arthur Ransome, celebrated author of the classic Swallows and Amazons series of books, titled the eleventh book of the series "The Picts and the Martyrs". Published in 1943, it features the adventures of a group of children holidaying in the Lake District. In the book, two of the children are unexpectedly forced to live secretly in a ruined house in the woods, and they become "Picts". Another two must endure the unwanted presence of their Great Aunt, thus becoming "Martyrs". A general description of historical Picts is given by one of the children when they first take that name, and a somewhat more detailed explanation is given later by a parent in a letter.
See also[link]
References[link]
- Footnotes
- ^ Foster 1996. p. 11-13.
- ^ Foster 1996. p. 17.
- ^ Sources for Pictish history include Irish Annals - the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, Innisfallen, Ireland (the Four Masters), and Clonmacnoise all report events in Scotland, some frequently; the Lebor Bretnach, Scottish recension of the Historia Britonum of Nennius; the continuation of Bede; the Historia Regum of Symeon of Durham; the Annales Cambriae; saints' lives; and others.
- ^ It has been proposed that albidosi, found in the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba under the reign of Máel Coluim mac Domnaill, may represent the Pictish name for Picts, but this is disputed: Broun, "Alba", p. 258, note 95; Woolf, Pictland to Alba, pp. 177–181.
- ^ pingo, Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ πυκτίς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- ^ Foster 1996. p. 11.
- ^ The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle has pihtas and pehtas.
- ^ a b Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí. A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland. Oxford University Press, 2008. Page 213.
- ^ a b Chadwick, Hector Munro. Early Scotland: the Picts, the Scots & the Welsh of southern Scotland. CUP Archive, 1949. Page 66-80.
- ^ a b Dunbavin, Paul. Picts and ancient Britons: an exploration of Pictish origins. Third Millennium Publishing, 1998. Page 3.
- ^ See the discussion of the creation of the Frankish Confederacy in Geary, Before France, chapter 2.
- ^ e.g. by Tacitus, Ptolemy, and as the Dicalydonii by Ammianus Marcellinus. Note that Ptolemy refers to the sea to the west of Scotland as the Oceanus Duecaledonius.
- ^ e.g. Ptolemy, Ammianus Marcellinus.
- ^ Caledonii is attested from a grave marker in Roman Britain.
- ^ At Degsastan in the first decade of the century and several times under Domnall Brecc in the third and fourth decades.
- ^ For the kingdoms of Bernicia, and Northumbria, see e.g. Higham, The Kingdom of Northumbria.
- ^ Broun, "Pictish Kings", attempts to reconstruct the confused late history of Dál Riata. The silence in the Irish Annals is ignored by Bannerman in "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba".
- ^ After Broun, "Pictish Kings", but the later history of Dál Riata is very obscure.
- ^ Cf. the failed attempts by Óengus mac Fergusa.
- ^ Annals of Ulster (s.a. 839): "The (Vikings) won a battle against the men of Fortriu, and Eóganán son of Aengus, Bran son of Óengus, Aed son of Boanta, and others almost innumerable fell there."
- ^ Broun, "Dunkeld", Broun, "National Identity", Forsyth, "Scotland to 1100", pp. 28–32, Woolf, "Constantine II"; cf. Bannerman, "Scottish Takeover", passim, representing the "traditional" view.
- ^ For example, Pechs, and perhaps Pixies. However, Sally Foster quotes John Toland in 1726: "they are apt all over Scotland to make everything Pictish whose origin they do not know." The same could be said of the Picts in myth.
- ^ Broun, "Kingship", for Ireland see, e.g. Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, and more generally Ó Cróinín, Early Medieval Ireland.
- ^ Forsyth, "Lost Pictish Source", Watson, Celtic Place Names, pp. 108–109.
- ^ Bruford, "What happened to the Caledonians", Watson, Celtic Place Names, pp. 108–113.
- ^ Woolf, "Dun Nechtain"; Yorke, Conversion, p. 47. Compare earlier works such as Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, p. 33.
- ^ Adomnán, "Life of Columba", editor's notes on pp. 342–343.
- ^ Broun, "Seven Kingdoms".
- ^ Woolf, "Dun Nechtain".
- ^ Bede, I, c. 1
- ^ Clancy, "Nechtan".
- ^ Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, pp. 35–41 & pp. 122–123, also p. 108 & p. 287, stating that derbfhine was practised by the cruithni in Ireland.
- ^ Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, p. 35, "Elder for kin, worth for rulership, wisdom for the church." See also Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 32–34, Smyth, Warlords and Holy Men, p. 67ff.
- ^ Broun, "Kingship", Broun, "Pictish Kings"; for Dál Riata, Broun, "Dál Riata", for a more positive view Sharpe, "The thriving of Dalriada"; for Northumbria, Higham, Kingdom of Northumbria, pp. 144–149.
- ^ Woolf, "Nobility".
- ^ Barrow, "Pre-Feudal Scotland", Woolf, "Nobility".
- ^ See, e.g. Campbell, Saints and Sea-kings for the Gaels of Dál Riata, Lowe, Angels, Fools and Tyrants for Britons and Anglians.
- ^ Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 49–61. Fergus Kelly, Early Irish Farming: a study based mainly on the law-texts of the 7th and 8th centuries AD (School of Celtic Studies/DAIS, Dublin, 2000. ISBN 1-85500-180-2) provides an extensive review of farming in Ireland in the middle Pictish period.
- ^ The interior of the fort at Burghead was some 12 acres (5 hectares) in size, see Driscoll, "Burghead"; for Verlamion (later Roman Verulamium), a southern British settlement on a very much larger scale, see e.g. Pryor, Britain AD, pp. 64–70.
- ^ Dennison, "Urban settlement: medieval".
- ^ Carver (2008)
- ^ Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Trade, see Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 65–68; seafaring in general, e.g. Haywood, Dark Age Naval Power, Rodger, Safeguard of the Sea.
- ^ Armit, Towers In The North, chapter 7.
- ^ Crone, "Crannogs and Chronologies", PSAS, vol. 123, pp. 245–254.
- ^ Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 52–61.
- ^ See Clancy, "Nechtan", Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, p. 89.
- ^ For art in general see Foster, Picts, Gaels and Scots, pp. 26–28, Laing & Laing, p. 89ff., Ritchie, "Picto-Celtic Culture".
- ^ Forsyth, "Evidence of a lost Pictish Source", pp. 27–28.
- ^ Clancy, "'Nennian recension'", pp. 95–96, Smyth, Warlords and Holy Men, pp. 82–83.
- ^ Markus, "Conversion to Christianity".
- ^ Bede, III, 4. For the identities of Ninian/Finnian see Yorke, p. 129.
- ^ Mentioned by Foster, but more information is available from the Tarbat Discovery Programme: see under External links.
- ^ Bede, IV, cc. 21–22, Clancy, "Church institutions", Clancy, "Nechtan".
- ^ Taylor, "Iona abbots".
- ^ Clancy, "Church institutions", Markus, "Religious life".
- ^ See Carver, Portmahomack.
- ^ Clancy, "Cult of Saints", Clancy, "Nechtan", Taylor, "Iona abbots"
- ^ Markus, "Religious life".
- ^ Youngs, no. 111, with a plate showing the decoration much better; Laing, 310
- ^ Henderson, Isabel,‘"The "David Cycle" in Pictish Art.' Early Medieval Sculpture. Ed. J.Higgitt. Oxford, 1986. pp. 87-113., ….. ‘The Meeting of Saint Paul and Saint Anthony: Visual and Literary Uses of a Eucharistic Motif.' Keimelia. Eds. P. Wallace and G.M Niocaill. Galway, 1989. pp 1-58.
- ^ Youngs, 26-28; Poor image of 19th century illustration
- ^ Youngs, 28
- ^ Youngs, 109-113
- ^ Forsyth, Language in Pictland, Price "Pictish", Taylor, "Place names", Watson, Celtic Place Names. For K.H. Jackson's views, see "The Language of the Picts" in Wainwright (ed.) The Problem of the Picts.
- ^ Jackson, "The Language of the Picts", discussed by Forsyth, Language in Pictland.
- ^ Forsyth, "Literacy in Pictland".
- ^ For place names in general, see Watson, Celtic Place Names; Nicolaisen, Scottish Place Names, pp 156–246. For shires and thanages see Barrow, "Pre-Feudal Scotland".
- ^ Watson, Celtic Place Names, pp. 225–233.
- ^ http://www.julietmarillier.com/books/brideihistoricalnotes.html
- ^ http://www.nancyfarmerwebsite.com/trolls-trilogy.html
- Bibliography
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- Broun, Dauvit (2007), Scottish Independence and the Idea of Britain. From the Picts to Alexander III., Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2360-0
- Broun, Dauvit, "The Seven Kingdoms in De situ Albanie: A Record of Pictish political geography or imaginary map of ancient Alba" in E.J. Cowan & R. Andrew McDonald (eds.), Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era. John Donald, Edinburgh, 2005. ISBN 0-85976-608-X
- Bruford, Alan, "What happened to the Caledonians ?" in Cowan & McDonald (2005).
- Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High-Kings. Batsford, London, 1973. ISBN 0-7134-5882-8
- Campbell, Ewan, Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999. ISBN 0-86241-874-7
- Carver, M.O.H. (2008), Portmahomack: monastery of the Picts, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 978-0-7486-2442-3, http://books.google.com/books?id=ajIcKFZwKGAC, retrieved February 6, 2010
- Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Church institutions: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
- Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Ireland: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
- Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Nechtan son of Derile" in Lynch (2001).
- Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Scotland, the 'Nennian' Recension of the Historia Brittonum and the Libor Bretnach in Simon Taylor (ed.), Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297. Fourt Courts, Dublin, 2000. ISBN 1-85182-516-9
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- Cowan, E. J., "Economy: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
- Cowan, E. J., "The Invention of Celtic Scotland" in Cowan & McDonald (2005).
- Crone, B. A., "Crannogs and Chronologies", PSAS, vol. 123 (1993), pp. 245–254.
- Cummins, W. A., The Age of the Picts. Sutton, Stroud, 1998. ISBN 0-7509-1608-7
- Dennison, Patricia, "Urban settlement: to 1750" in Lynch (2001).
- Driscoll, Stephen T., "Burghead" in Lynch (2001).
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- Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Conversion to Christianity" in Lynch (2001).
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- Ritchie, Anna, "Culture: Picto-Celtic" in Lynch (2001).
- Rodger, N.A.M., The Safeguard of the Sea. A Naval History of Great Britain, volume one 660–1649. Harper Collins, London, 1997. ISBN 0-00-638840-X
- Sellar, W.D.H., "Gaelic laws and institutions" in Lynch (2001).
- Sharpe, Richard, "The thriving of Dalriada" in Taylor (2000).
- Smyth, Alfred P., Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000. Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, 1984. ISBN 0-7486-0100-7
- Snyder, Christopher A. (2003). The Britons. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 0-631-22260-X.
- Taylor, Simon, "Place names" in Lynch (2001).
- Taylor, Simon, "Seventh-century Iona abbots in Scottish place-names" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
- Watson, W.J. The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland.
- Woolf, Alex, "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts" in The Scottish Historical Review, Volume 85, Number 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. ISSN 0036-9241
- Woolf, Alex, "Nobility: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
- Woolf, Alex (2007), From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, 2, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, ISBN 0-7486-1234-3
- Woolf, Alex, "Ungus (Onuist) son of Uurgust" in Lynch (2001).
- Yorke, Barbara, The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society c.600–800. Longman, London, 2006. ISBN 0-582-77292-3
- Youngs, Susan (ed), "The Work of Angels", Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th–9th centuries AD, 1989, British Museum Press, London, ISBN 0-7141-0554-6
Further reading[link]
- James E. Fraser, The New Edinburgh History Of Scotland Vol.1 - From Caledonia To Pictland, Edinburgh University Press(2009) ISBN 978-0-7486-1232-1
- Fraser Hunter, Beyond the Edge of Empire: Caledonians, Picts and Romans, Groam House Museum, Rosemarkie (2007) ISBN 978-0-9540999-2-3
- Alex Woolf, The New Edinburgh History Of Scotland Vol.2 - From Pictland To Aba, Edinburgh University Press,(2007) ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Picts |
- Glasgow University ePrints server, including Katherine Forsyth's
- CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
- The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach, Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress
- Scotland Royalty
- The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
- Annals of Clonmacnoise at Cornell
- Bede's Ecclesiastical History and its Continuation (pdf), at CCEL, translated by A.M. Sellar.
- Annales Cambriae (translated) at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
- Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (PSAS) through 1999 (pdf).
- Tarbat Discovery Programme with reports on excavations at Portmahomack.
- SPNS the Scottish Place-Name Society (Comann Ainmean-Áite na h-Alba), including commentary on and extracts from Watson's The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland.
- The Picts and Scots in history
http://wn.com/Picts
Related pages:
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http://ru.wn.com/Пикты
http://nl.wn.com/Picten
http://pl.wn.com/Piktowie
http://fr.wn.com/Pictes
http://de.wn.com/Pikten
http://pt.wn.com/Pictos
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