name	Ram Teri Ganga Maili
director	Raj Kapoor
producer	Raj Kapoor
writer	Raj KapoorV. P. SatheK. K. SinghJyoti Swaroop
starring	Rajiv KapoorMandakiniDivya RanaSaeed JaffreyKulbhushan KharbandaYash Pandit
music	Ravindra Jain
cinematography	Radhu Karmakar
editing	Raj Kapoor
released	25 July 1985
runtime	178 min.
country	India
awards	Filmfare Best Movie Award
language	Hindi
followed by	}}

''Ram Teri Ganga Maili'' (literally translated into English as "Ram, your Ganges is filthy") was a hit 1985 Bollywood movie directed by the legend, Raj Kapoor. This movie stars Mandakini and Rajiv Kapoor, son of the director-producer Raj Kapoor. It was Raj Kapoor's last film.

Plot

This story's main character is a young man from Kolkata, visiting the mountains of Gangotri, falls in love with a girl who lives in the mountains. Their love continues as they get married. However, the main character must go back to the city because he has unfinished business. However, before leaving for Kolkata, he promised his wife that he will come back for her. Unfortunately, he never returned due to family barriers. The girl becomes mother of his child and finally she decides to search her husband. The girl, who is named Ganga, travels from Gangotri to Kolkata to find him (this is also the real path the Ganga river takes). On the way, she only meets sinful and bad people. Though she left Gangotri, innocent and clean (like the Ganges river), her journey has led her into the path of people who try to exploit her for her beauty ultimately ending up at a brothel.

Cultural allusions

According to Philip Lutgendorf, the movie is an allegory that "synthesizes classical and mythic narrative, soft-core political and social commentary (here condemning the corruption of politicians and capitalists and championing the nascent environmental initiatives of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi). The narrative recapitulates the Abhijñānaśākuntalam story that first appeared in the epic Mahabharata and then was reworked, some six hundred years later, by the poet Kalidasa."

Songs

# "Ram Teri ganga maili ho gayi papiyon ke paap dhote dhote (Ram your Ganga has become dirty washing the sins of sinners)" # "Suno to ganga ye kya sunaye (Listen to what Ganges says)" # "Husna Pahadon ka" - Describes the beauty of mountains . # "Sun sahiba sun, pyaar ki dhun (Listen sir listen, to the melody of love)" - Sung when Ganga is declaring her love for her future husband. # "Ek Radha ek Meera" - Describes two women, Radha and Mirabai, who at different times loved the same form of God in the same relationship. Sung in a Bhajan style.

Note

There seems to be a lot of confusion on the interpretation of what was the anter (difference/secret) between the love of Radha and Meera. In sum, one had better start with the notion that Radha's love was all about possession while that of Meera was an unconditional submission, a selfless love.

References

External links

Category:1985 films Category:Hindi-language films Category:Filmfare Best Movie Award winners Category:Films directed by Raj Kapoor Category:Films set in Kolkata

id:Ram Teri Ganga Maili

name	Lata Mangeshkar
background	solo_singer
born	September 28, 1929Indore, Central India Agency, British India
instrument	Vocals
genre	Film music (playback singing)
occupation	Singer
years active	1942–present }}

Lata Mangeshkar (; born September 28, 1929) is a singer from India. She is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India. Mangeshkar's career started in 1942 and has spanned over six and a half decades. She has recorded songs for over a thousand Bollywood movies and has sung songs in over thirty-six regional Indian languages and foreign languages, though primarily in Hindi. She is the elder sister of singer Asha Bhosle, and Hridayanath Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar and Meena Mangeshkar. She is the second vocalist to have ever been awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

Mangeshkar was featured in the ''Guinness Book of World Records'' from 1974 to 1991 for having made the most recordings in the world. The claim was that she had recorded approximately 25,000 solo, duet, and chorus-backed songs in 20 Indian languages between 1948 to 1974 (30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987, according to the 1987 edition). Over the years, while several sources have supported this claim, others have raised concerns over its veracity, claiming that this number was highly exaggerated and that Mangeshkar's younger sister, Asha Bhosle, had more song recordings than she had.

Early life

Lata Mangeshkar was born in Sikh Mohalla, Indore, in the Central India Agency (now part of Madhya Pradesh). Her father, Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar who belonged to a Gomantak Maratha Samaj family from Goa, was a classical singer and theater actor. Her mother Shevanti (Shudhamati) who was from Thalner, Maharashtra, was Deenanath's second wife. The family's last name used to be Hardikar; Deenanath changed it to Mangeshkar in order to identify his family with his native town, Mangeshi in Goa. Lata was named "Hema" at her birth. Her parents later renamed her Lata after a female character, Latika, in one of her father's plays, ''BhaawBandhan''. Lata is the eldest child of her parents. Meena, Asha, Usha and Hridayanath are her siblings in sequence.

Mangeshkar took her first music lessons from her father. At the age of five, she started to work as an actress in her father's musical plays (''Sangeet Natak'' in Marathi). On the first day in the school, she started teaching songs to other children. When the teacher stopped her, she was so angry that she stopped going to the school. Other sources cite that she left school because they would not allow her to bring Asha with her, as she would often bring her younger sister with her.

Singing career

Early career in the 1940s

In 1942, when Mangeshkar was 13, her father died of heart disease. Master Vinayak (Vinayak Damodar Karnataki), the owner of Navyug Chitrapat movie company and a close friend of the Mangeshkar family, took care of them.

Mangeshkar sang the song "Naachu Yaa Gade, Khelu Saari Mani Haus Bhaari" which was composed by Sadashivrao Nevrekar for Vasant Joglekar's Marathi-language movie ''Kiti Hasaal'' (1942), but the song was dropped from the final cut. Vinayak gave her a small role in Navyug Chitrapat's Marathi movie ''Pahili Mangalaa-gaur'' (1942), in which she sang "Natali Chaitraachi Navalaai" which was composed by Dada Chandekar. Her first Hindi song was "Mata Ek Sapoot Ki Duniya Badal De Tu" for the Marathi film, ''Gajaabhaau'' (1943). Mangeshkar moved to Mumbai in 1945 when Master Vinayak's company moved its headquarters there. She started taking lessons in Hindustani classical music from Ustad Amanat Ali Khan Bhendibazaarwale. She sang “Paa Lagoon Kar Jori” for Vasant Joglekar's Hindi-language movie ''Aap Ki Seva Mein'' (1946), which was composed by Datta Davjekar. Mangeshkar and her sister Asha played minor roles Vinayak's first Hindi-language movie, ''Badi Maa'' (1945). In that movie, Lata also sang a bhajan, “Maata Tere Charnon Mein.” She was introduced to music director Vasant Desai during the recording of Vinayak's second Hindi-language movie, ''Subhadra'' (1946).

Following the partition of India in 1947, Ustad Amanat Ali Khan Bhendibazaarwale migrated to newly formed Pakistan, so Mangeshkar started to learn classical music under Amanat Khan Devaswale. Pandit Tulsidas Sharma, a pupil of Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, also trained her.

After Vinayak's death in 1948, music director Ghulam Haider mentored her as a singer. Haider introduced Mangeshkar to producer Sashadhar Mukherjee, who was working then on the movie ''Shaheed'' (1948), but Mukherjee dismissed Mangeshkar's voice as "too thin." An annoyed Haider responded that in the coming years the producers and the directors would "fall at Lata's feet" and "beg her" to sing in their movies. Haider gave Lata her first major break with the song “Dil Mera Toda,” from the movie ''Majboor'' (1948).

Initially, Mangeshkar is said to have imitated Noor Jehan, but later she developed her own style of singing. Lyrics of songs in Hindi movies are primarily composed by Urdu poets and contain a higher proportion of Urdu words, including the dialogue. Actor Dilip Kumar once made a mildly disapproving remark about Mangeshkar's Maharashtrian accent while singing Hindi/Urdu songs; so for a period of time, Lata took lessons in Urdu from an Urdu teacher named Shafi.

“Aayega Aanewaala,” a song in the movie ''Mahal'' (1949) was composed by music director Khemchand Prakash and lip-synced on screen by actress Madhubala.

1950s

In the 1950s, Mangeshkar sang songs composed by various music directors of the period, including Anil Biswas (in films such as Tarana and Heer), Shankar-Jaikishan, Naushad, S. D. Burman, C. Ramchandra, Hemant Kumar, Salil Chowdhury, Khayyam, Ravi, Sajjad Hussain, Roshan, Kalyanji-Anandji, Vasant Desai, Sudhir Phadke, Hansraj Behl, Madan Mohan, and Usha Khanna.

Mangeshkar sang many raga-based songs for Naushad in movies such as ''Baiju Bawra'' (1952), ''Mughal-E-Azam'' (1960), and ''Kohinoor'' (1960). ''Ae Chorre Ki Jaat Badi Bewafa'', a duet with G. M. Durrani, was her first song for composer, Naushad. The duo, Shankar-Jaikishan, chose Mangeshkar for ''Aag'', ''Aah'' (1953), ''Shree 420'' (1955), and ''Chori Chori'' (1956). Before 1957, composer Sachin Dev (S. D.) Burman chose Mangeshkar as the leading female singer for his musical scores in ''Sazaa'' (1951), ''House No. 44'' (1955), and ''Devdas'' (1955). However a rift developed between Lata and Burman in 1957, and Lata did not sing Burman's compositions again until 1962.

Mangeshkar won a Filmfare Best Female Playback Award for Salil Chowdhury's composition “Aaja Re Pardesi,” from ''Madhumati'' (1958). In the early fifties, Lata Mangeshkar's association with C. Ramchandra produced songs in movies such as Anarkali, Albela, Asha, Pehli Jhhalak, Shin Shinkai Bublaa Boo, Azad and Amardeep. For Madan Mohan, she performed for films like Adalat, Railway Platform, Dekh Kabira Roya and Chacha Zindabad.

1960s

Mangeshkar's song "Pyar Kiya To Darna Kya" from ''Mughal-E-Azam'' (1960), composed by Naushad and picturized on Madhubala, still remains famous . The Hawaiian-themed number "Ajeeb Dastaan Hai Yeh" from ''Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai'' (1960) was composed by Shankar-Jaikishan and picturized on Meena Kumari.

In 1961, Mangeshkar recorded two popular bhajans, "Allah Tero Naam" and "Prabhu Tero Naam", for Burman's assistant, Jaidev. In 1962, she was awarded her second Filmfare Award for the song "Kahin Deep Jale Kahin Dil" from ''Bees Saal Baad'', composed by Hemant Kumar.

On June 27, 1963, against the backdrop of the Sino-Indian War, Mangeshkar sang the patriotic song "Aye Mere Watan Ke Logo" (literally, "Oh, the People of My Country") in the presence of Jawaharlal Nehru, the then Prime Minister of India. The song, composed by C. Ramchandra and written by Pradeep, is said to have brought the Prime Minister to tears.

In 1963, Mangeshkar returned to collaboration with S. D. Burman. She also sang for R. D. Burman's very first film ''Chhote Nawaab'' and later for his films such as ''Bhoot Bangla'' (1965), ''Pati Patni'' (1966), ''Baharon ke Sapne'' (1967) and ''Abhilasha'' (1969). She also recorded several popular songs for S. D. Burman, including "Aaj Phir Jeene Ki Tamanna Hai", "Gata Rahe Mera Dil" (duet with Kishore Kumar) and "Piya Tose" from ''Guide'' (1965), and "Hothon Pe Aisi Baat" from ''Jewel Thief'' (1967).

During the 1960s, Lata Mangeshkar continued her association with Madan Mohan which included the songs "Aap Ki Nazron Ne Samjha" from ''Anpadh'' (1962), "Lag Ja Gale" and "Naina Barse Rim Jhim" from ''Woh Kaun Thi?'' (1964), "Woh Chup Rahen To" from ''Jahan Ara'' (1964), and "Tu Jahan Jahan Chalega" from ''Mera Saaya'' (1966).

The 1960s also witnessed the beginning of Mangeshkar's association with Laxmikant-Pyarelal, the music directors for whom she sang the most popular songs in her career.

She also sang several playback songs for Marathi films, composed by Marathi music directors including Hridaynath Mangeshkar, Vasant Prabhu, Srinivas Khale, Sudhir Phadke and herself (under the name ''Anandghan''). During the 1960s and 1970s, she also sang several Bengali songs, composed by music directors like Salil Chowdhury and Hemant Kumar.

In this period Lata Mangeshkar has recorded duets with Mukesh, Manna Dey, Mohammed Rafi, and Kishore Kumar.

1970s

In 1972, Meena Kumari's last film, ''Pakeezah'' released. It featured popular songs including "Chalte Chalte" and "Inhi Logon Ne" sung by Lata Mangeshkar, and composed by Ghulam Mohammed. She recorded many popular songs for S. D. Burman's last films, including "Rangeela Re" from ''Prem Pujari'' (1970), "Khilte Hain Gul Yahaan" from ''Sharmeelee'' (1971), and "Piya Bina" from ''Abhimaan'' (1973).

Lata Mangeshkar's most notable songs in 1970s were composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal (Laxmi-Pyare) and Rahul Dev Burman. She recorded several songs composed by Laxmi-Pyare in 1960s and 1970s, many of them written by the lyricst Anand Bakshi. She also recorded many hit songs with Rahul Dev Burman in the films ''Amar Prem'' (1972), ''Caravan'' (1971), ''Kati Patang''(1971), and ''Aandhi'' (1975). The two are noted for their songs with the lyricists Majrooh Sultanpuri, Anand Bakshi and Gulzar.

In 1973, she won the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for the song "Beeti Na Bitai" from the film ''Parichay'', composed by R. D. Burman, and written by Gulzar. In 1974, she sang her only Malayalam song "Kadali Chenkadali" for the film ''Nellu'', composed by Salil Chowdhury, and written by Vayalar Ramavarma. In 1975, she again won the national award, this time for the song "Roothe Roothe Piya" from the film ''Kora Kagaz'', composed by Kalyanji-Anandji.

From 1970s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar has also staged many concerts in India and abroad, including several charity concerts. Her first concert overseas was at the Royal Albert Hall, London, in 1974. She also released an album of Mirabai's bhajans, ''Chala Vaahi Des'', composed by her brother Hridayanath Mangeshkar. Some of the bhajans in the album include "Saanware Rang Raachi" and "Ud Jaa Re Kaaga". In the early 70s, she released other non-film albums, such as her collection of Ghalib ghazals, an album of Marathi folk songs (koli-geete), an album of Ganesh aartis (all composed by her brother Hridaynath) and an album of ''abhangs'' of Sant Tukaram composed by Shrinivas Khale.

In late 1970s and early 1980s, she worked with the children of composers she had earlier worked with. Some of these composers included Rahul Dev Burman (son of Sachin Dev Burman), Rajesh Roshan (son of Roshan), Anu Malik (son of Sardar Malik), and Anand-Milind (sons of Chitragupt).

1980s onwards

From 1980s onwards, Lata Mangeshkar worked with music directors including Shiv-Hari, Ram Laxman, and A. R. Rahman. She recorded some non-film songs, including ghazals with Jagjit Singh.

In 1990, Mangeshkar launched her own production house for Hindi movies which produced the Gulzar-directed movie ''Lekin...''. She won her third National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer for her rendition of the song "Yaara Sili Sili" from the film, which was composed by her brother Hridayanath. During the 1990s, she recorded with music directors including Jatin-Lalit and Nadeem-Shravan. She has sung for Rajshri Productions, including ''Maine Pyar Kiya'' (1989) and ''Hum Aapke Hain Kaun'' (1994).

Mangeshkar has sung for almost all the Yash Chopra films and films from his production house Yash Raj Films at that time, including ''Chandni'' (1989), ''Lamhe'' (1991), ''Darr'' (1993), ''Yeh Dillagi'' (1994), ''Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge'' (1995), ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' (1997) and later on ''Mohabbatein'' (2000), ''Mujhse Dosti Karoge'' (2002) and ''Veer Zaara'' (2004).

A. R. Rahman recorded a few songs with Mangeshkar during this period, including "Jiya Jale" (''Dil Se''), "Khamoshiyan Gungunane Lagin" (''One Two Ka Four''), "Ek Tu Hi Bharosa" (''Pukar''), "Pyaara Sa Gaon" (''Zubeidaa''), "Lukka chuppi" (''Rang de Basanti'') and "O Paalanhaare" (''Lagaan''). She made an appearance in the film ''Pukar'' singing this song.

In 1999, Lata Eau de Parfum, a perfume brand named after her, was launched.

In 1999, Mangeshkar was nominated as a member of Rajya Sabha. However, she did not attend the Rajya Sabha sessions regularly, inviting criticism from several members of the House, including the Deputy Chairperson Najma Heptullah, Pranab Mukherjee and Shabana Azmi. She stated the reason for her absence as ill-health; it was also reported that she had not taken a salary, allowance or a house in Delhi for being a Member of Parliament.

In 2001, Lata Mangeshkar was awarded Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor. In the same year, she established the Master Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital in Pune, managed by the Lata Mangeshkar Medical Foundation (founded by the Mangeshkar family in October 1989). In 2005, she designed a jewellery collection called Swaranjali, which was crafted by Adora, an Indian diamond export company. Five pieces from the collection raised £105,000 at a Christie's auction, and a part of the money was donated for the 2005 Pakistan earthquake relief. Also in 2001, she recorded her first Hindi song with the composer Ilaiyaraaja, for the film ''Lajja''; she had earlier recorded Tamil and Telugu songs composed by Ilaiyaraaja.

Lata Mangeshkar's song "Wada Na Tod" is in the film ''Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind'' (2004) and on the film's soundtrack.

On June 21, 2007, she released an album ''Saadgi'', featuring eight ghazal-like songs written by Javed Akhtar and composed by Mayuresh Pai.

Non-singing career

Music direction

Lata Mangeshkar composed music for the first time in 1955 for Marathi movie ''Ram Ram Pavhane''. Later in 1960s, she composed music for following Marathi movies under the pseudonym of ''Anand Ghan''.

1960 - ''Ram Ram Pavhana''

1963 - ''Maratha Tituka Melvava''

1963 - ''Mohityanchi Manjula''

1965 - ''Sadhi Manase''

1969 - ''Tambadi Mati''

She won Maharashtra State Government's Best Music Director Award for the film ''Sadhi Manase''. The song "Airanichya Deva Tula" from the same film received best song award.

Production

Lata Mangeshkar has produced four films:

1953 - ''Vaadal'' (Marathi)

1953 - ''Jhaanjhar'' (Hindi), co-produced with C. Ramchandra

1955 - ''Kanchan'' (Hindi)

1990 - ''Lekin'' (Hindi)

Awards and recognitions

Lata Mangeshkar has won several awards and honors, including Padma Bhushan (1969), Padma Vibhushan (1999), Dada Saheb Phalke Award (1989), Maharashtra Bhushan Award (1997), NTR National Award (1999), Bharat Ratna (2001), ANR National Award (2009), three National Film Awards, and 12 Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards. She has also won four Filmfare Best Female Playback Awards. In 1969, she made the unusual gesture of giving up the Filmfare Best Female Playback Award, in order to promote fresh talent. She was later awarded Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993.

In 1984, the State Government of Madhya Pradesh instituted the ''Lata Mangeshkar Award'' in honuor of Lata Mangeshkar. The State Government of Maharashtra also instituted a Lata Mangeshkar Award in 1992.

In 1974, The Guinness Book of Records listed Lata Mangeshkar as the most recorded artist in the history, stating that she had reportedly recorded "not less than 25,000 solo, duet and chorus backed songs in 20 Indian languages" between 1948 and 1974. Her record was contested by Mohammed Rafi, who was claimed to have sung around 28,000 songs. After Rafi's death, in its 1984 edition, the Guinness Book of World Records stated Lata Mangeshkar's name for the "Most Recordings", but also stated Rafi's claim. The later editions of Guinness Book stated that Lata Mangeshkar had sung no fewer than 30,000 songs between 1948 and 1987.

Although the entry has not been printed in Guinness editions since 1991, reputable sources claim that she has recorded thousands of songs, with estimates ranging up to figures as large as 50,000. However, even the earliest Guinness claim of 25,000 songs (between 1948–1974) was claimed to be exaggerated by other sources, who stated that the number of songs sung by Lata Mangeshkar in Hindi films till 1991 was found to be 5250. Mangeshkar herself stated that she does not keep a record of the number of songs recorded by her, and that she did not know from where Guinness Book editors got their information.

See also

Playback singer

Asha Bhosle

List of Indian playback singers

Bollywood songs

References

Further reading

. A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952. . . A collection of articles written by Lata Mangeshkar since 1952.

External links

Category:1929 births Category:Indian female singers Category:Indian film singers Category:Recipients of the Bharat Ratna Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:Living people Category:Bollywood playback singers Category:Marathi people Category:Kollywood playback singers Category:People from Indore Category:Marathi playback singers Category:Telugu playback singers Category:Kannada playback singers Category:Hindi-language singers Category:Marathi-language singers Category:Bengali-language singers Category:Gujarati-language singers Category:Tamil-language singers Category:English-language singers Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients Category:Recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan Award Category:Malayalam playback singers

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Elmar Rajsur is a Russian singer of Azerbaijani heritage who sings Indian songs. He performs in clubs in Moscow. In November 2007 he performed half to the visiting Indian delegation accompanying Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh on his 28-hour visit to Russia.

References

Category:Living people Category:Russian singers

name	Rajiv Kapoor
birth date	August 25, 1962
birth place	Mumbai, India
yearsactive	1985 - 2001
occupation	Actor
homepage	}}

Rajiv Kapoor (born 25 August 1962) is an Indian film actor, producer, director and a member of the famous Kapoor Family.

Early life

He is the youngest son of famous actor/director Raj Kapoor.

Career

He had a short stint in the Hindi film industry, acting in only 13 films. His first film was ''Ek jaan hain hum'' (1983), with Divya Rana, Shammi Kapoor, Pran, and Gulshan Grover. His next film was ''Ram Teri Ganga Maili'' (1985), directed by his father Raj Kapoor. This was Raj Kapoor's last film. He was not as successful as his other brothers Randhir and Rishi, but he is noted for his role in ''Ram Teri Ganga Maili'' (1985) starring opposite Mandakini which was one of the biggest hits of the year. He acted in a string of other unsuccessful films and made his last film appearance in ''Zimmedaar'' which released in 1990. He then turned to producing and directing. He produced ''Henna'' (1991) which was directed by his brother Randhir and then made his directorial debut with ''PremGranth'' (1996) which starred his brother Rishi and Madhuri Dixit. After that film became a "disaster" at the box office, he didn't direct again.

In 1999 he produced ''Aa Ab Laut Chalen'' which was directed by his brother Rishi. Since then he has not been active in film producing or directing. In 2001, he married an architect Aarti Sabharal, but the marriage ended in divorce two years later.

Rajiv is currently studying film studies at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario.

Filmography

Actor:

Zimmedaar... Inspector Rajiv

Naag Nagin (1989)

Hum To Chale Pardes (1988)

Shukriyaa (1988)...Ajay Singh

Zalzala (1988)...Bholey

Preeti (1986)

Angaarey (1986)

Lover Boy (1985)...Kishan/Kanhaiya

Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985)...Narendra "Naren" Sahay

Zabardast (1985)...Ravi Kumar/Tony

Lava (1985)...Amar

Mere Saathi (1985)...Shyam

Aasmaan (1984)...Kumar/Chandan Singh

Ek Jaan Hain Hum (1983)...Vikram Saxena

Producer:

Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999) (Producer)

PremGranth (1996) (Executive Producer)

Henna (1991) (Executive Producer)

Editor:

Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999)

PremGranth (1996)

Second Unit Director or Assistant Director:

Prem Rog (1982)

Biwi O Biwi (1981)

Director:

PremGranth (1996)

Self:

Raj Kapoor (1987)...Himself

References

External links

Category:Living people Category:1962 births Category:Indian actors Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian film producers Category:Indian film directors

dv:ރާޖީވް ކަޕޫރު

name	Raj Kapoor
birth name	Ranbir Raj Kapoor
birth date	December 14, 1924
birth place	Peshawar, British India Permanent Residence: Chembur, Mumbai, India
death date	June 02, 1988
death place	Chembur, Mumbai, India
occupation	Actor, Producer, Director
yearsactive	1935–1985
othername	The Show Man }}

Ranbirraj "Raj" Kapoor (, , Punjabi: ਰਾਜ ਕਪੂਰ, Rāj Kapūr, 14 December 1924 – 2 June 1988), also known as ''The Show-Man'', was an Indian film actor, producer and director of Hindi cinema. He was the winner of nine Filmfare Awards, while his films ''Awaara'' (1951) and ''Boot Polish'' (1954) were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His performance in ''Awaara'', was ranked one of the "Top-Ten Performances of all time", by the Time Magazine. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1987 for his contributions towards Indian cinema.

Early life and Background

Raj Kapoor was born in Peshawar, British India (present day Pakistan), to actor Prithviraj Kapoor and Ramsarni (Rama) Devi Kapoor (née Mehra). He was the eldest of six children in a Punjabi family. He was the grandson of Dewan Basheshwarnath Kapoor and great-grandson of Dewan Keshavmal Kapoor, part of the famous Kapoor family. Two of Raj's brothers are actors Shashi Kapoor (a.k.a. Balbir Raj Kapoor) and the late Shammi Kapoor (aka Shamsher Raj Kapoor); the other two died in infancy. He also had a sister named Urmila Sial.

Raj Kapoor attended Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehradun in the 1930s.

Career

At the age of eleven, he appeared in films for the first time, in the 1935 film ''Inquilab''. After acting in several other films the next 12 years, Raj Kapoor's big break came with the lead role in ''Neel Kamal'' (1947) opposite Madhubala in her first role as a leading lady. In 1948, at the age of twenty-four, he established his own studio, R. K. Films, and became the youngest film director of his time making his directorial debut with the film ''Aag''. ''Aag'' marked the first of many films in which he and Nargis appeared together. In 1949 he co-starred alongside Dilip Kumar in Mehboob Khan's blockbuster ''Andaz'' which was his first major success as an actor.

He went on to produce, direct and star in many box office hits such as ''Barsaat'' (1949), ''Awaara'' (1951), ''Shree 420'' (1955), ''Chori Chori'' (1956), ''Jagte Raho'' (1956) and ''Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai'' (1960). These films established his screen image as The Tramp modeled on Charlie Chaplin's most famous screen persona. In 1964 he produced, directed and starred in ''Sangam'' which was his first film in colour. This was his last major success as a leading actor. Outisde of his home productions his other notable films were ''Anari'' (1959), ''Chhalia'' (1960) and ''Teesri Kasam'' (1963). He produced, directed and starred in his ambitious film, ''Mera Naam Joker'' (My name is Joker), which took more than six years to complete. When released in 1970, it was a box office disaster.

In 1971 he launched his eldest son Randhir Kapoor in Randhir's acting and directorial debut ''Kal Aaj Aur Kal'' which also starred Raj's father Prithviraj Kapoor as well as Randhir's would-be-wife Babita. He launched his second son Rishi Kapoor's career when he produced and directed ''Bobby'' (1973) which was not only a huge box office success but also introduced actress Dimple Kapadia, later a very popular actress, and was the first of a new generation of teen romances. Dimple wore bikinis in the film which was quite unique for Indian films then.

In the latter half of the 1970s and early 1980s he produced and directed films which focused on the female protagonists: ''Satyam Shivam Sundaram'' (1978) with Zeenat Aman, ''Prem Rog'' (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure and ''Ram Teri Ganga Maili'' (1985) which introduced Mandakini. He acted in fewer films by the late 1970s and early 1980s and focused on producing and directing films. He starred alongside Rajesh Khanna in ''Naukri'' (1979) and played the title role alongside Sanjay Khan in ''Abdullah'' (1980).

Raj Kapoor's last major film appearance was in ''Vakil Babu'' (1982) where he appeared with his younger brother Shashi. His last acting role was a cameo appearance in a 1984 released British made-for-television film titled ''Kim''.

Death

Raj Kapoor suffered from asthma in his later years; he died of complications related to asthma in 1988 at the age of 63. At the time of his death, he was working on the movie ''Heena'' (an Indo-Pakistan based love story). The film was later completed by his sons Randhir and Rishi Kapoor, and narrated by his brother Shammi Kapoor. The movie was released in 1991 and became a huge success at the Box Office. When he was given the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, where his brothers Shashi Kapoor and Shammi Kapoor were also present, the crowd was clapping around when President Venkataraman, who saw Kapoor's discomfort, came down the stage to give the award to the legend in the middle of thundering claps where he was breathing his last breath. And suddenly Kapoor collapsed, and was rushed to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences for treatment. The country's top cardiologists tried their best, but could not save him.

Legacy

Raj Kapoor is appreciated both by film critics and ordinary film fans. Film historians and movie buffs speak of him as the "Charlie Chaplin of Indian cinema," since he often portrayed a tramp-like figure, who, despite adversity, was still cheerful and honest. His fame spread worldwide. He was adored by audiences in large parts of Africa, the Middle East, the former Soviet Union, China, and Southeast Asia; his movies were global commercial successes. Raj had the knack of getting the best out of any one, since he had mastered all departments of film making and even marketing them. When Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru died in 1964 coinciding with release of Sangam, he took the opportunity to create a scene when Gopal ashes were immersed in Ganges, like Pandit Nehru described in his poetic will. His films reflected the Era in which it was made.

He had a great understanding of the public taste and a great sense of Box-Office. He was one of the pioneers of the Indian cinema, who talked about the potential of Hindi cinema emerging as a great revenue earner from the world market in fifties, which has become a reality today.

Many of Raj Kapoor's movies had a patriotic theme. His films ''Aag'', ''Shree 420'' and ''Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai'' (In the country where the Ganges flows) celebrated the newly independent India, and encouraged film-goers to be patriots. Raj Kapoor commissioned these famous lyrics for ''Mera Joota Hai Japani'', a song from the movie ''Shree 420'':

: ''Mera joota hai Japani'' (My shoes are Japanese) : ''Ye patloon Inglistani'' (These trousers are English) : ''Sar pe lal topi Roosi'' (The red cap on my head is Russian) : ''Phir bhi dil hai Hindustani'' (But still, however, my heart is Indian)

The song is still extremely popular and has been featured in a number of movies since ''Shree 420'' was released. Indian author Mahasweta Devi stopped the show with her inaugural speech at the 2006 Frankfurt Book Fair when she used these lyrics to express her own heartfelt patriotism and debt to her country.

Raj Kapoor was a canny judge of filmi music and lyrics. Many of the songs he commissioned are evergreen hits. He introduced the music directors Shankar-Jaikishan and the lyricists Hasrat Jaipuri and Shailendra. He is also remembered for his strong sense of visual style. He used striking visual compositions, elaborate sets, and dramatic lighting to complete the mood set by the music. He introduced the actresses Nimmi, Dimple Kapadia, Nargis and Mandakini, as well as launching and reviving the careers of his sons Rishi, Randhir and Rajiv.

Personal life

The Kapoor family hailed from Peshawar and were Hindkowan Punjabis but they were also landowners in the canal colony of Lyallpur, British India, which is now called Faisalabad in the Punjab province of present-day Pakistan where the family lived for a while. He was married to Krishna Kapoor, sister of actors, Rajendra Nath and Prem Nath.

Kapoor is also known to have had a longtime romantic relationship with the renowned actress Nargis during the 1950s. The couple starred in several films together, including ''Awaara'' and ''Shree 420''. Due to the common rumors about the personal lives of entertainment stars it is impossible to separate the truth from gossip in these domains.

Three of Kapoor's grandchildren are currently stars in the Bollywood film industry. His granddaughters are Karisma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor, the daughters of Raj's son Randhir Kapoor and his wife Babita. His grandson Ranbir Kapoor, who is the son of Rishi Kapoor and his wife Neetu Singh.

Awards

Kapoor had received many awards throughout his career, including 3 Filmfare Awards and 19 nominations. His films ''Awaara'' (1951) and ''Boot Polish'' (1954) were nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. His acting in the former was rated as one of the "Top-Ten Performances of all time", by the Time Magazine. His film ''Jagte Raho'' (1956) also won the Crystal Globe award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival.

The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1987 - the highest award for cinematic excellence in India. In 2001, he was honoured with “Best Director of the Millennium” by Stardust Awards. He was named “Showman of the Millennium” by Star Screen Awards in 2002.

In June 2011, Noah Cowan, Artistic Director of TIFF Bell Lightbox, and Sabbas Joseph, Director, Wizcraft along with members of the Kapoor family came together to pay tribute to the life and work of Indian actor, director, mogul and legend Raj Kapoor, as presented in partnership by TIFF (Toronto International Film Festival), the International Indian Film Academy (IIFA), and the Government of Ontario.Indian Mirror

Association with other artists

Shankar-Jaikishan

Shankar-Jaikishan were his music director of choice. He worked with them in 20 films in all including 10 of his own films from ''Barsaat'' until ''Kal Aaj Aur Kal''. (''Jagte Raho'' with Salil Chowdhury and ''Ab Dilli Dur Nahin'' being two exceptions in this period). Only after Jaikishan died, did he turn to a different music director - Laxmikant-Pyarelal for ''Bobby'', ''Satyam Shivam Sundaram'', and ''Prem Rog'' (later on his children used Laxmikant-Pyarelal for ''Prem Granth'' also) and Ravindra Jain for (''Ram Teri Ganga Maili'' and ''Henna''). It is interesting to note that Raj Kapoor acted in a movie with music by Madan Mohan only once i.e. ''Dhoon'' (1953) which featured duet ''Hum pyar karenge'' by Hemant Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar, only instance Hemnat Kumar giving playback to Raj Kapoor, and did only one movie with O. P. Nayyar (''Do Ustad'').

List of films with Shankar-Jaikishan: (18 Films)

''Barsaat'' (1949)

''Aah'' (1953)

''Awaara'' (1951)

''Boot Polish'' (1954)

''Shree 420'' (1955)

''Chori Chori'' (1956)

''Anari'' (1959)

''Kanhaiya'' (1959)

''Main Nashe Men Hoon'' (1959)

''Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai'' (1960)

''Aashiq'' (1962)

''Ek Dil Sao Afsane'' (1963)

''Sangam'' (1964)

''Teesri Kasam'' (1966)

''Around the World'' (1967)

''Diwana'' (1967)

''Sapnon Ka Saudagar'' (1968)

''Mera Naam Joker'' (1970)

Nargis

Raj Kapoor and Nargis worked together in 16 films including 6 of his own productions.

''Aag'' (1949)

''Andaz'' (1950)

''Barsaat'' (1949)

''Pyaar'' (1950)

''Jan Pehchan'' (1950)

''Awaara'' (1951)

''Amber'' (1952)

''Anhonee'' (1952)

''Ashiana'' (1952)

''Bewafa'' (1952)

''Aah'' (1953)

''Paapi'' (1953)

''Dhoon'' (1953)

''Shree 420'' (1955)

''Chori Chori'' (1956)

''Jagte Raho'' (1956)

Mukesh

Mukesh was Raj Kapoor's almost exclusive singing voice in almost all of his films. Also, when Mukesh died, Raj had said, ''Main ne apni aawaaz ko kho diya...'' (I have lost my voice...). However Manna Dey has also sung many notable and super-hit songs for Raj Kapoor, for instance in ''Shree 420'' and ''Chori Chori''. Examples of such songs are best illustrated by the following list:

"Dil Ka Haal Sune Dil Wala" (''Shree 420'')

"Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein Hum" (''Chori Chori'')

"Jahan Mein Jati Hoon Wahin Chale Aate Ho" (''Chori Chori'')

"Yeh Raat Bhigi Bhigi, Yeh Mast Fizayen" (''Chori Chori'')

"Masti Bhara Hai Samaan" (''Parvarish'')

"A Bhai Zara Dekh Ke Chalo" (''Mera Naam Joker'')

"Pyar Hua Iqrar Hua Hai" (''Shree 420'')

"Laga Chunri Mein Daag" (''Dil Hi To Hai'')

Filmography

Further reading

''The Kapoors: the first family of Indian cinema'', by Madhu Jain. Penguin, Viking, 2005. ISBN 0670058378.

References

Notes

Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul. ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema''. London: British Film Institute; New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994

Kishore, Valicha. ''The Moving Image''. Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 1988

External links

12 Indians who are famous in Russia

Category:1924 births Category:Indian Hindus Category:1988 deaths Category:Indian film actors Category:Indian film directors Category:Hindi-language film directors Category:Filmfare Awards winners Category:Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients Category:Hindi film actors Category:Indian actors Category:Indian film producers Category:Hindkowan people Category:Punjabi people

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