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John Romero's Daikatana, or simply Daikatana, is a first-person shooter video game developed by Ion Storm and published by Eidos Interactive. Released on May 23, 2000 for Windows,^[1] it was led by John Romero. The game is known as one of the major commercial failures of the video game industry. Daikatana was later ported to the Nintendo 64. A different version of the game was developed for the Game Boy Color, with a version for the PlayStation cancelled during development.

Daikatana's title is written in Japanese kanji and means "long sword"; however, the characters' usual reading is in fact "daitō". (See etymology of katana.) The name comes from an item in a Dungeons & Dragons campaign played by the original members of id Software, which Romero co-founded.^[2]

Gameplay[link]

Daikatana is composed of twenty-four levels divided into four episodes. The number of maps per level varies, but is generally about three. Each episode represents a different location and time period: futuristic Japan, ancient Greece, the Dark Ages in Norway and near-future San Francisco. Gameplay tends towards fast-paced combat, although an attempt at introducing problem-solving elements was also included.

One element that Daikatana stressed was the important role of the protagonist's two "sidekicks". The death of these sidekicks resulted in the failure of the mission, and their assistance was sometimes required for the completion of puzzles. Due to poor AI implementation, the sidekicks, who were one of the game's selling points, became a focus of criticism.^[3]

Plot[link]

Daikatana takes place during the year 2455 AD, in a world suffering from a major pandemic caused by a man named Kage Mishima. It is revealed that the current dystopian world, which Mishima rules over with an iron fist, is not what the world is destined to be, and is an alternate timeline created through the use of a magical sword called the Daikatana, which allows its wielder to travel through time. The protagonist takes the form of a martial arts instructor named Hiro Miyamoto. Hiro, along with partners Superfly Johnson and Mikiko Ebihara, attempts to recover the Daikatana and return the Earth to the way its meant to be, travelling to ancient Greece, medieval Norway, near future Los Angeles and futuristic Tokyo in the process.

Development[link]

Romero's initial game design, completed in March 1997, called for a huge amount of content—24 levels split into 4 distinct time periods, 25 weapons, and 64 monsters. Despite this, Romero believed that development of the game could be completed in seven months, just in time for Christmas 1997. The game was to license the existing Quake game engine. At id Software, the content portion of Quake had taken a nine-person team only six months. Romero had eight artists, and calculated that he could finish in seven. This schedule was called "patently ludicrous" by John D. Carmack. Put simply, Romero did not have an established, experienced team to rely on, as Ion Storm was still forming as a company, constantly adding new employees. Many were talented amateurs, hired on the basis of level designs they had created.

Ion Storm showed Daikatana at E3 in June 1997. The engine was still running in a software mode, and looked outdated and unimpressive. At the same time, id Software was debuting their Quake II game engine, featuring hardware acceleration and innovative visuals. Romero realized that they were falling behind technologically. The Christmas 1997 deadline was quietly dropped, and the new plan was to keep creating the content for the game, and switch to the Quake II engine as soon as it was ready. The game was rescheduled for a March 1998 release.

The Daikatana team received the source to the Quake II engine in November 1997, and immediately realized that the switch would not be simple. The code was completely different from the original Quake engine, and would require throwing away eleven months of work for a complete rewrite.

In January 1999, the switch to the Quake II engine was complete. What had been scheduled for a few weeks had taken an entire year to complete. Ion Storm announced that "Come hell or high water, the game will be done on February 15, 1999." This deadline was missed, but a demo was released in March 1999. However, this demo failed to impress players as it featured no monsters and no single-player game, only multiplayer deathmatch.

The Daikatana team was then trying to create a new, more impressive demo for E3 that year. Last minute changes to the level design led to a demo that could only run at about 12 frames per second, far less than the 30 frames per second that was considered a minimum for first person shooters. The E3 disaster led to a crisis for Ion Storm. Eidos, the parent company who had thus far financed Ion Storm to the tune of $44 million, had had enough. In June 1999, Eidos and Ion Storm reached an agreement. Eidos got majority ownership of Ion Storm, and founders Todd Porter and Jerry O'Flaherty left the company.

On April 21, 2000, Daikatana finally reached gold status. It sold 200,000 copies, which Romero claimed made up its production costs.

Nintendo 64 version[link]

The Nintendo 64 version of Daikatana has received harsh criticism. Since it was rushed through development (it was released about 3 months after the PC version), significant concessions were made, and many of the flaws of the PC version were retained. For one, the quality of the graphics was significantly lowered. In order to keep the frame-rate up, large amounts of fog were added to certain levels, particularly in Greece. The graphics were also blurred tremendously. The characters Superfly Johnson and Mikiko Ebihara were completely removed from gameplay, yet they were retained in all of the cut scenes.

Controversy[link]

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From very early on in the game's development, Daikatana was advertised as the brainchild of John Romero, a man famous for his work at id Software in the development of Wolfenstein 3D, Doom and Quake. Time magazine gave Romero and Daikatana glowing coverage, saying "Everything that game designer John Romero touches turns to gore and gold."^[4] An early advertisement for Daikatana, created by marketer Mike Wilson and reluctantly approved by Romero, was a red poster with large black lettering proclaiming "John Romero's about to make you his bitch", a reference to Romero's infamous trash talk during gaming. Nothing else was featured on this poster but a small tag-line reading "Suck It Down," an Ion Storm logo and an Eidos logo.^[5] Romero would later apologize for the advertisement, stating in an interview that "up until that ad, I felt I had a great relationship with the gamer and the game development community and that ad changed everything. That stupid ad. I regret it and I apologize for it."^[6]

Following the ad's appearance in several gaming magazines, more negative news came out of Ion Storm, fuelling distaste for the game whose release was pushed back. The lavish rock star-like treatment given to Romero in his attempt to build a designer-centred game studio (including a multi-million dollar office on the top floor of a Dallas skyscraper), Romero's well-publicized expensive tastes and hobbies (such as racing Ferraris), the dubious saga of Romero's girlfriend, professional gamer (and later, Playboy model candidate) Stevie "Killcreek" Case, being hired on as a level designer, and the game's development (which included most of the original development team quitting en masse to form a competing company called Gathering of Developers^[7]), incited criticism from the online gaming fan community.

Daikatana was delayed multiple times from its conception in early 1997 to its eventual release in 2000. By this time, numerous games based on more advanced graphical technology (such as id Software's Quake III and Epic MegaGames' Unreal Tournament) had already been released, causing Daikatana to lag technologically in the market with its dated Quake II game engine. Additionally, its gameplay had many aspects that were widely disliked by players, such as an artificially limited number of saves per level and the presence of computer-controlled "sidekicks" who were more of an impediment to the player. As a result, Daikatana garnered a mediocre reception from reviewers and users.

The game was a major contributing factor in the closure of Ion Storm's Dallas office. In 2009, ScrewAttack named this game the #7 bust on their "Top 10 Biggest Busts", which listed the biggest failures in gaming, due to its controversial advertising and the hype that Romero built on this game, which in the end turned out to be a failure.^[8] In 2010, GameTrailers ranked this game the #2 biggest gaming disappointment of the decade, citing the game's terrible AI for friend and foe alike, pushed-back release dates, controversial magazine ad, and gossip-worthy internal drama (among other things) as "the embodiment of game's industry hubris."^[9]

See also[link]

• Continuous obsolescence

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Knee Deep in a Dream: The Story of Daikatana at Gamespot". Gamespot. http://www.gamespot.com/features/btg-daikatana/p8_05.html. Retrieved December 18, 2009. 
2. ^ Kushner, David (2003). Masters of Doom. New York: Random House Inc.. ISBN 0-375-50524-5. 
3. ^ "We chronicle the embarrassments that the industry would rather you forgot". Games Radar. http://www.gamesradar.com/us/ps3/game/features/article.jsp?articleId=2007031912215876016&releaseId=20060314115917309058&sectionId=1003&pageId=2007031912351744021. Retrieved 2007-03-22. "Worse, the game's biggest "innovation" - sidekicks whom you needed to protect - turned out to be its biggest liability, as their computer-controlled brains would diligently do whatever it took to get them killed." 
4. ^ Michael Krantz (June 24, 2001). "Beyond Doom and Quake". Time. http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1101970623-137916,00.html. Retrieved July 7, 2008. 
5. ^ "The 25 Dumbest Moments in Gaming". Gamespy. http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/june03/dumbestmoments/index20.shtml. Retrieved July 7, 2008. 
6. ^ 10 Years Later, Romero Apologizes for Daikatana Tom's Hardware, May 18, 2010 (Article by Kevin Parrish)
7. ^ Gamecock Head Tears Into John Romero, It’s Getting Ugly (letter from developer John Wilson to John Romero), Kotaku, 18 January 2008
8. ^ ScrewAttack Video Game, Top 10 Biggest Busts
9. ^ GameTrailers, Top 10 Disappointments Of The Decade

External links[link]

	Video games portal
	United States portal
	1990s portal

• Daikatana at MobyGames
• "From 'Doom' to Gloom: The Story of a Video Game Flop", NPR Morning Edition story on Romero, part of a series of other famous debacles
• Knee Deep in a Dream: The Story of Daikatana, a GameSpot series of behind-the-scenes articles on Romero and his work on Daikatana

John Romero
John Romero at GDC 2011
Born	(1967-10-28) October 28, 1967 (age 44) Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.
Occupation	Video game designer, video game programmer

Alfonso John Romero (born October 28, 1967,^[1] in Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S.) is a designer, programmer, and developer in the video game industry. He is best known as a co-founder of id Software and was a designer for many of their games, including Wolfenstein 3D, Dangerous Dave, Doom and Quake. His game designs and development tools, along with new programming techniques created and implemented by id Software's lead programmer John D. Carmack, led to a mass popularization of the first person shooter, or FPS, in the 1990s. He is credited with coining the FPS multiplayer term "deathmatch".^[2]

Biography[link]

Apple II[link]

John Romero's first published game, Scout Search, appeared in the June 1984 issue of inCider magazine, a popular Apple II magazine during the 1980s. Romero's first company, Capitol Ideas Software, was listed as the developer for at least 12 of his earliest published games. Romero captured the December cover of the Apple II magazine Nibble for three years in a row starting in 1987. He won a programming contest in A+ magazine during its first year of publishing with his game Cavern Crusader.

Romero's first industry job was at Origin Systems in 1987 after programming games for 8 years. He worked on the Apple II to Commodore 64 port of 2400 A.D., which was eventually scrapped due to slow sales of the Apple II version. Romero then moved onto Space Rogue, a game by Paul Neurath. During this time, Romero was asked if he would be interested in joining Paul's soon-to-start company Blue Sky Productions, eventually renamed Looking Glass Technologies. Instead, Romero left Origin Systems to co-found a game company named Inside Out Software, where he ported Might & Magic II from the Apple II to the Commodore 64. He had almost finished the Commodore 64 to Apple II port of Tower Toppler, but Epyx unexpectedly cancelled all its ports industrywide due to their tremendous investment in the first round of games for the upcoming Atari Lynx.

During this short time, Romero did the artwork for the Apple IIGS version of Dark Castle, a port from the Macintosh. During this time, John and his friend Lane Roathe co-founded a company named Ideas from the Deep and wrote versions of a game named Zappa Roidz for the Apple II, PC and Apple IIGS. Their last collaboration was an Apple II disk operating system (InfoDOS) for Infocom's games Zork Zero, Arthur, Shogun and Journey.

id Software[link]

Romero moved to Shreveport, Louisiana in March 1989 and joined Softdisk as a programmer in its Special Projects division. After several months of helping the PC monthly disk magazine Big Blue Disk, he officially moved into the department until he started a PC gaming division in July 1990 named 'Gamer's Edge' (originally titled PCRcade). Romero hired John D. Carmack into the department from his freelancing in Kansas City, moved Adrian Carmack into the division from Softdisk's art department, and persuaded Tom Hall to come in at night and help with game design. Romero and the others then left Softdisk in February 1991 to form id Software.^[3]

Romero worked at id Software from its incorporation in 1991 until 1996. He was involved in the creation of several milestone games, including Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Doom II and Quake.^[3] He served as executive producer (and game designer) on Heretic and Hexen. He designed most of the first episode of Doom, most of the levels in Quake, half the levels in the Commander Keen, Wolfenstein 3D and Spear of Destiny. He wrote many of the tools used at id Software to create their games, including DoomEd (level editor), QuakeEd (level editor), DM (for deathmatch launching), DWANGO client (to connect the game to DWANGO's servers), TED5 (level editor for the Commander Keen series, Wolfenstein 3D and Spear of Destiny), IGRAB (for grabbing assets and putting them in WAD files), the installers for all the games up to and including Quake, the SETUP program used to configure the games, and several others.

Tom Hall, John Romero and Warren Spector at Ion Storm, Dallas, Texas

Ion Storm[link]

Romero later co-founded Ion Storm in Dallas, Texas with id co-worker Tom Hall, where he designed and produced Daikatana.^[3] This ambitious shooter was announced in 1997 with a release date for the Christmas shopping season of that year. However, this release date slipped repeatedly in the coming months, and the game began to accrue negative press.

In particular, a 1997 advertisement boasting "John Romero's About To Make You His Bitch....Suck it down" caused controversy amongst gamers and the gaming press.^[4] The massive pre-hype for the game and the subsequent delays (it was not released until April 2000) were compounded by the poor reviews the game received when it was finally complete.^[5] Upon release, Daikatana was critically panned and appeared on numerous "top 10 worst games" listings. In 1999, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.^[6]

During this time, Romero was rumored to have been killed (aptly enough, with a headshot) and a photograph of his corpse with a bullet wound was also spread through the Internet; Romero himself later stated that the picture was taken for the magazine Texas Monthly, and that "maybe he shouldn't have taken it".^[7]

Romero departed with Tom Hall immediately after the release of Hall's Anachronox game and the subsequent closing of the Dallas Ion office.

Monkeystone Games[link]

In July 2001, Romero and Hall founded Monkeystone Games in order to develop and publish games for mobile devices, and Monkeystone released 15 games (approximately) during its short lifespan of three and a half years. Some highlights of their developments included Hyperspace Delivery Boy! (Pocket PC, PC, Mac, Linux, GBA), Congo Cube (Pocket PC, PC, BREW, Java ME), and a version of Red Faction for the Nokia N-Gage. He and his girlfriend, Stevie Case, broke up in 2003, and she left the company in May while Red Faction development continued until October. John then left Monkeystone Games' day-to-day operations to Lucas Davis while Romero and Hall left for Midway in San Diego.^[8]

Midway Games[link]

In mid-October 2003, Romero joined Midway Games as project lead on Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows. While he continued to maintain his working relationship with Monkeystone, Lucas Davis took over running the office. The Monkeystone team moved to Austin, Texas to work on Midway's Area 51 title until its release. Monkeystone Games closed down in January 2005. Romero moved from project lead to creative director of internal studio during this time.

At the end of June 2005, Romero left Midway Games mere months before the completion of Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows.

Slipgate Ironworks[link]

On August 31, 2005, Romero confirmed^[9] that he has been working on a yet-to-be-announced MMOG at his newly opened development studio, Slipgate Ironworks. It has been reported that the name is temporary. "For the record," Romero wrote, "I'm co-founder of a new game company in the Bay Area and am much better off in many ways than I was at Midway". He said that he would not reveal anything about the company or the game until 2007. On March 17, 2009 it was announced that Slipgate Ironworks is part of Gazillion Entertainment.^[10] According to Romero, he is a co-founder^[11] of Gazillion.

On July 22, 2006, John Romero and former co-worker Tom Hall guest hosted episode 53 of the podcast The Widget.^[12]

Romero departed Gazillion Entertainment in November 2010 to form a social game company called Loot Drop alongside Brenda Brathwaite.^[13] His long time co-worker, Tom Hall joined the company on January 1, 2011.^[14][15]

Cyberathlete Professional League[link]

John Romero was the CPL's Chairman of the Board for ten years.

On December 20, 2006, John Romero announced a new FPS project for the Cyberathlete Professional League titled Severity for both consoles and PC.^[16] It was announced that Tom Mustaine (ex-Studio Director at Ritual Entertainment) would act as Director of Game Development at CPL's new studio.

It is stated that Severity will be a multiplayer first person shooter. The game will be built on technology licensed from id Software.

In September 2008 Romero told ThatGamingSite that Severity was canceled, but Tom Mustaine contacted the site to inform them the project was not canceled but in "stealth mode" citing John Romero was "let out of the loop".^{[citation needed]} On October 2009, Angel Munoz, founder of the Cyberathlete Professional League (CPL) stated that Severity was no longer being produced because they were not able "to convince game publishers of its value".^[17]

Retro Gamer Collaboration[link]

In March 2010, John Romero collaborated with the gaming magazine Retro Gamer and taking on the role of a guest editor, taking charge of the magazine's editorial and contributing to a number of articles and subjects throughout the magazine. There is an extensive interview with Romero in the issue with industry luminaries offering their thoughts on Romero.

Gamesauce[link]

In Spring 2010, Gamesauce featured Romero on its cover and contained an in-depth interview with Romero written by Brenda Brathwaite.^[18] In the interview, Romero publicly apologized for the infamous Daikatana advertisement.

Personal life[link]

Romero and other game developers at a BAFTA event in Los Angeles in July 2011. From left: Rod Humble, Louis Castle, David Perry, Brenda Brathwaite, John Romero, Will Wright, Tim Schafer, Chris Hecker.

Romero met his first wife, Kelly Mitchell, in 1987 while he worked at the register of a Burger King restaurant in Rocklin, California, and they had two children (Michael Alfonso and Steven Patrick Romero).^[2] He met his second wife, Elizabeth Ann McCall, in 1990 while she worked at Softdisk^[2] in Shreveport, Louisiana, and they had a daughter (Lillia Antoinette Romero).^[2] Romero was then involved with Stevie Case, a gamer who achieved early notoriety for beating him in a Quake deathmatch, from 1998 until their breakup in May 2003.^[19] In January 2004, Romero married Raluca Alexandra Pleşca in her hometown of Bucharest, Romania.^[2] The two later separated in early 2010. Romero and game developer Brenda Brathwaite founded social game development company Loot Drop in November 2010.^[13]

[edit] Doom II and Final Doom

In the Doom II final level "Icon of Sin", the boss is supposed to be a giant demon head with a fragment missing from its forehead. It says, "To win the game, you must kill me, John Romero!", distorted and in reverse to sound like a demonic chant. One can use the "noclip" cheat to enter the boss and see Romero's severed head which is skewered on a post. The player defeats the boss (without the noclip cheat) by shooting rockets into its exposed brain after activating a lift and riding it; Romero's head functions as its hit detection point; when he "dies", the boss is killed and the game is finished.

The name "Romero" is written in blood on one of the walls in level 19 "Shipping/Respawning" in Final Doom.

Games[link]

• Ravenwood Fair (2010), Lolapps, Inc.
• Area 51 (2005), Midway Austin
• Gauntlet: Seven Sorrows (2005), Midway Games
• Cartoon Network: Block Party (2004), Majesco
• Congo Cube (2003), THQ Wireless, RealArcade
• Dig It! (2003), THQ Wireless
• Jewels and Jim (2003), THQ Wireless
• Red Faction (2003), THQ Wireless
• Hyperspace Delivery Boy! (2002), Monkeystone Games
• Anachronox (2001), Eidos Interactive
• Daikatana (2000), Eidos Interactive
• Dominion: Storm Over Gift 3 (1998), Eidos Interactive
• Doom 64 (1997), Midway Games
• Chex Quest (1996), Digital Café
• Final Doom (1996), Atari, Inc.
• Final Doom (1996), id Software
• Heretic: Shadow of the Serpent Riders (1996), id Software
• Quake (video game) (1996), id Software
• Strife (1996), Velocity Inc.
• DOOM (1995), WMS Industries
• Hexen: Beyond Heretic (1995), id Software
• The Ultimate DOOM (1995), GT Interactive
• Blake Stone: Planet Strike (1994), FormGen
• Corridor 7: Alien Invasion (1994), Capstone Software
• DOOM II: Hell on Earth (1994), GT Interactive
• Heretic (1994), id Software
• Rise of the Triad: Dark War (1994), FormGen
• Super 3D Noah's Ark (1994), Wisdom Tree
• Wolfenstein 3D (1994), Atari Corporation
• Bio Menace (1993), Apogee Software
• Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold (1993), Apogee Software
• Curse of the Catacombs (1993), Froggman
• Dangerous Dave's Risky Rescue (1993), Softdisk
• DOOM (1993), id Software
• ScubaVenture The Search For Pirate's Treasure (1993), Softdisk
• Shadowcaster (1993), Origin Systems
• Street Ball (1993), Froggman
• Terror of the Catacombs (1993), Froggman
• Commander Keen: Keen Dreams (1992), Softdisk
• Cyberchess (1992), Softdisk
• Spear of Destiny (1992), FormGen
• Wolfenstein 3D (1992), Apogee Software
• Catacomb 3-D (1991), Softdisk
• The Catacomb Abyss (1991), Softdisk
• Catacomb II (1991), Softdisk
• Commander Keen 4: Secret of the Oracle (1991), Apogee Software
• Commander Keen 5: The Armageddon Machine (1991), Apogee Software
• Commander Keen 6: Aliens Ate My Baby Sitter! (1991), [[FormGen
• Commander Keen: Invasion of the Vorticons (1991), Apogee Software
• Dangerous Dave in the Haunted Mansion (1991), Softdisk
• Hovertank 3D (1991), Softdisk
• Paganitzu (1991), Apogee Software
• PARAGON (1991), Softdisk
• Rescue Rover (1991), Softdisk
• Rescue Rover 2 (1991), Expert Software, Froggman, Softdisk
• Slordax: The Unknown Enemy (1991), Softdisk
• Xenopods (1991), Softdisk Publishing
• Alfredo's Stupendous Surprise (1990), Softdisk
• Big Blue Disk #40 (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Big Blue Disk #41 (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Big Blue Disk #44 (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Catacomb (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Commander Keen 1: Marooned on Mars (1990), Apogee Software
• Commander Keen 2: The Earth Explodes (1990), Apogee Software
• Commander Keen 3: Keen Must Die! (1990), Apogee Software
• Dark Designs II: Closing the Gate (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Dinosorcerer (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Pixel Puzzler (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Shadow Knights (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Sub Stalker (1990), Softdisk Publishing
• Arthur: The Quest for Excalibur (1989), Infocom
• Big Blue Disk #32 (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• Big Blue Disk #35 (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• How to Weigh an Elephant (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• Journey: The Quest Begins (1989), Infocom
• Magic Boxes (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• Might and Magic II: Gates to Another World (1989), New World Computing
• Space Rogue (1989), Origin Systems
• Twilight Treasures (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• Zappa Roidz (1989), Softdisk Publishing
• Zork Zero: The Revenge of Megaboz (1989), Infocom
• City Centurian (1988), Nibble Magazine
• Dangerous Dave in the Deserted Pirate's Hideout (1988), Uptime Disk Monthly
• James Clavell's Shōgun (1988), Infocom
• Evil Eye (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Jumpster (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Krazy Kobra (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Lethal Labyrinth (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Major Mayhem (1987), Nibble Magazine
• Neptune's Nasties (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Pyramids of Egypt (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Subnodule (1987), Keypunch Software, Inc.
• Wacky Wizard (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Zippy Zombi (1987), Uptime Disk Monthly
• Bongo's Bash (1985), A+ Magazine
• Cavern Crusader (1984), A+ Magazine
• Scout Search (1984), inCider Magazine
• Dodge 'Em (1982), Capitol Ideas Software

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Romero

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: John Romero

• Planet Romero
• John Romero's profile at MobyGames