An adventure is defined as an exciting or unusual experience; it may also be a bold, usually risky undertaking, with an uncertain outcome. The term is often used to refer to activities with some potential for physical danger, such as skydiving, mountain climbing and or participating in extreme sports. The term also broadly refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture, a love affair, or other major life undertakings.

Adventurous experiences create psychological and physiological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative (e.g. fear) or positive (e.g. flow), and which can be detrimental as stated by the Yerkes-Dodson law. For some people, adventure becomes a major pursuit in and of itself. According to adventurer André Malraux, in his ''La Condition Humaine'' (1933), "If a man is not ready to risk his life, where is his dignity?". Similarly, Helen Keller stated that "Life is either a daring adventure or nothing."

Outdoor adventurous activities are typically undertaken for the purposes of recreation or excitement: examples are adventure racing and adventure tourism. Adventurous activities can also lead to gains in knowledge, such as those undertaken by explorers and pioneers. Adventure education intentionally uses challenging experiences for learning.

Adventure in mythology

Some of the oldest and most widespread stories in the world are stories of adventure such as Homer's ''The Odyssey''. Mythologist Joseph Campbell discussed his notion of the monomyth in his book, ''The Hero with a Thousand Faces''. Campbell proposed that the heroic mythological stories from culture to culture followed a similar underlying pattern, starting with the "call to adventure", followed by a hazardous journey, and eventual triumph. The adventure novel exhibits these "protagonist on adventurous journey" characteristics as do many popular feature films, such as ''Star Wars'' and ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''.

Adventurers

An adventurer is a person who bases his lifestyle or their fortunes on adventurous acts. An adventurer or adventuress is a term that usually takes one of three meanings:

One whose travels are unusual and often exotic, though not so unique as to qualify as exploration.

One who lives by their wits.

One who takes part in a risky or speculative course of action for profit or position.

In fiction, the adventurer figure or Picaro may be regarded as a descendant of the knight-errant of Medieval romance. Like the knight, the adventurer roams through episodic encounters, usually involving wealth, romance, or fighting. Unlike the knight, the adventurer was a realistic figure, often lower class or otherwise impoverished, who is forced to make his way to fortune, often by deceit. Also, an adventurer is a roguish hero of low social class who lives by his or her wits in a corrupt society. The picaresque novel originated in Spain in the middle of the fifteenth century. Novels such as Lazarillo de Tormes were influential across Europe. Throughout the eighteenth century, a great number of novels featured bold, amoral, adventuring protagonists, who made their way into wealth and happiness, sometimes with and sometimes without the moral conversion that generally accompanies the Spanish model.

Under Victorian morality the term, used without qualifiers, came to imply a person of low moral character, often someone trying to marry for money.

In comic books such as ''Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe'' and ''Who's Who: The Definitive Directory of the DC Universe'', the term "adventurer" is used as a synonym for "super-hero" when listing a character's occupation.

In role-playing games, the player characters are often professional adventurers, who earn wealth and fame by adventure, such as undertaking hazardous missions, exploring ruins, and slaying monsters. This stereotype is strong enough that ''the adventurers'' can often be used as a synonym for ''the player characters''. Non-player character groups of adventurers can also exist, and can be an interesting encounter for the players.

List of adventurers

Historical adventurers

{| |----- | valign="top" |

Roy Chapman Andrews

Ibn Battuta

George Bogle

Frederick Gustavus Burnaby

Richard Francis Burton

Martha Jane "Calamity Jane" Canary-Burke

Giacomo Casanova

Percy Fawcett

Bartholomew Gosnold

Mata Hari

James Holman

Alexander von Humboldt

Jørgen Jørgensen

T. E. Lawrence

| valign="top" |

David Livingstone

Ranald MacDonald

F.A. Mitchell-Hedges

John Muir

Marco Polo

Arthur Rimbaud

Teddy Roosevelt

Ernest Shackleton

Captain John Smith

Gustavus von Tempsky

Edward John Trelawny

Edward Maria Wingfield

Zheng He

|}

Modern adventurers

{| |----- | valign="top" |

Tania Aebi

Benedict Allen

Peter Blake (1948 – 2001)

Charley Boorman

Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz (1883 – 1940)

Brian Caldwell

Morris Cohen (1887 – 1970)

Tim Cope

Laura Dekker

David Dicks

Jessica Dubroff (1988 – 1996)

Hayatullah Khan Durrani

Amelia Earhart (1897 – [1937]?)

Ranulph Fiennes

Ben Fogle

Steve Fossett (1944 – 2007)

Joshua French and Tjostolv Moland

Josh Gates

John Goddard

Robin Lee Graham

| valign="top" |

Bear Grylls

Richard Halliburton (1900 – 1939)

Heinrich Harrer (1912 – 2006)

David Hempleman-Adams

Thor Heyerdahl (1914 – 2002)

Mike Horn

Alastair Humphreys

George Kourounis

David Henry Lewis (1917 – 2002)

Jason Lewis

Rory MacLean

Jesse Martin

David Mayer de Rothschild

Christopher McCandless (1968 – 1992)

Ewan McGregor

Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski (1876 – 1945)

Bruce Parry

David Cornthwaite

Robert Young Pelton

Michael Perham

| valign="top" |

Bertrand Piccard

Simon Reeve

Jim Rogers

Tahir Shah

Reid Stowe

Les Stroud

Abby Sunderland

Zac Sunderland

Vicki Van Meter (1982 – 2008)

Ed Viesturs

Ed Wardle

Jessica Watson

Jock Wishart

|}

Fictional adventurers

{| |----- | valign="top" |

Allan Quatermain

Argonauts

Baron Munchausen

Avatar: The Last Airbender

Benjamin Gates

Bilbo Baggins

Conan the Barbarian

Charles Muntz

Corto Maltese

Dirk Pitt

Doc Savage

The Doctor

Don Quixote

Drizzt Do'Urden

Evelyn Carnahan-O'Connell

Finn and Jake (from Adventure Time)

| valign="top" |

Flapjack

Flash Gordon

Frodo Baggins

Han Solo

Indiana Jones

Jack Flanders

Jack T. Colton

John Carter (character)

Jonny Quest

Johnny Thunder (from Lego Adventurers)

Lara Croft

Lemuel Gulliver

Link (The Legend of Zelda).

Lord Asriel

Luke Skywalker

| valign="top" |

MacGyver

Nathan Drake

Odysseus

Randolph Carter

Rick O'Connell

Rip Haywire

Rusty Venture

Scrooge McDuck

Sinbad

Solomon Kane

Son Goku

Spirou

Tintin

Tom Swift

Xena

|}

See also

List of genres

References

External links

Category:Adventure

bg:Приключение de:Abenteuer ja:冒険 ru:Приключение sv:Äventyr uk:Пригода vi:Thám hiểm

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Ennio Morricone
background	non_performing_personnel
birth date	November 10, 1928
alias	Maestro
genre	Film music, Classical music, Pop music, Jazz, Lounge music, Easy listening
origin	Rome, Italy
occupation	Composer, orchestrator, music director, conductor, trumpeter
associated acts	Bruno Nicolai, Alessandro Alessandroni, Mina, Yo-Yo Ma, Mireille Mathieu, Joan Baez, Andrea Bocelli, Roger Waters, Sarah Brightman, Amii Stewart, Paul Anka, Milva, Gianni Morandi, Dalida, Catherine Spaak, Pet Shop Boys, Hayley Westenra, and others
years active	1946 – present
website	http://www.enniomorricone.it }}

Ennio Morricone,Grand Officer OMRI, , (born November 10, 1928) is an Italian composer and conductor.

For over five decades he has composed and arranged music for more than 400 motion pictures including some award-winning film scores as well as several symphonic and choral pieces. He wrote the characteristic film scores of Leone's Spaghetti Westerns ''A Fistful of Dollars'' (1964), ''For a Few Dollars More'' (1965), ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'' (1966) and ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968). In the 80s, Morricone composed the scores for Leone's ''Once Upon a Time in America'' (1984), Roland Joffé's ''The Mission'' (1986), Brian De Palma's ''The Untouchables'' (1987) and Giuseppe Tornatore's ''Cinema Paradiso'' (1988). His more recent compositions include the scores for ''The Legend of 1900'' (1998), ''Malèna'' (2000), ''Fateless'' (2005), and ''Baaria - La porta del vento'' (2009).

Morricone has received two Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, five BAFTAs during 1979–1992, seven David di Donatello, eight Nastro d'Argento, and the Polar Music Prize in 2010. In 2007, he received the Academy Honorary Award "for his magnificent and multifaceted contributions to the art of film music". The composer also has been nominated for five Oscars in the category of Best Original Score during 1979–2001, but has never won competitively.

Life and career

Classical music

Ennio Morricone was born in Rome, the son of Libera and Mario Morricone, a jazz trumpeter. Morricone wrote his first compositions when he was six years old and was encouraged to develop his natural talents. Compelled to take up the trumpet, he attended the National Academy of Santa Cecilia to take lessons on the instrument at the age of nine. Morricone formally entered the conservatory in 1940 at the age of 12, enrolling in a four-year harmony program. According to various reports, he completed it in either two years or six months (date approximate). He studied the trumpet, composition, choral music, and choral direction under Goffredo Petrassi, who deeply influenced him and to whom Morricone has dedicated concert pieces.

These were the difficult years of World War II in the heavily bombed "open city"; the composer remarked that what he mostly remembered of those years was the hunger. His wartime experiences influenced many of his scores for films set in that period.

After he graduated, he continued to work in classical composition and arrangement. In 1946, Morricone received his trumpet diploma and in the same year he composed "Il Mattino" ("The Morning") for voice and piano on a text by Fukuko, first in a group of 7 "youth" Lieder. Other serious compositions are "Imitazione" (1947) for voice and piano on a text by Giacomo Leopardi and "Intimità" for voice and piano on a text by Olinto Dini.

In the early 1950s, Morricone began writing his first background music for radio dramas. Nonetheless he continued composing classical pieces as "Distacco I e Distacco II" for voice and piano on a text by Ranieri Gnoli, "Verrà la Morte" for contralto and piano on a text by Cesare Pavese, "Oboe Sommerso" for baritone and five instruments on a text by Salvatore Quasimodo.

Although the composer had received the "Diploma in Instrumentation for Band" (fanfare) in 1952, his studies concluded in 1954, obtaining a diploma in Composition under the composer Goffredo Petrassi. In 1955, Morricone started to write or arrange music for films credited to other already well-known composers (ghost writing). He occasionally adopted Anglicized pseudonyms, such as Dan Savio and Leo Nichols.

Morricone wrote more works in the climate of the Italian avant-garde. A few of these compositions have been made available on CD, such as "Ut", his trumpet concerto dedicated to the soloist Mauro Maur, one of his favorite musicians; some have yet to be premiered. From the mid-sixties and onwards, he was part of Gruppo di Improvvisazione di Nuova Consonanza, a group of composers who performed and recorded avant garde free improvisations, even scoring a few films during the 1970s.

Public reputation

In 1956, Morricone started to support his family by playing in a jazz band and arranging pop songs for the Italian broadcasting service RAI. He was hired by RAI in 1958, but quit his job on his first day at work when he was told that broadcasting of music composed by employees was forbidden by a company rule. Subsequently, Morricone became a top studio arranger at RCA, working with Renato Rascel, Rita Pavone, and Mario Lanza. A particular success was one of his own songs, "Se telefonando". Performed by Mina, it was a standout track of ''Studio Uno 66'', the fifth-biggest-selling album of the year 1966 in Italy. Morricone's sophisticated arrangement of "Se telefonando" was a combination of melodic trumpet lines, Hal Blaine–style drumming, a string set, a '60s Europop female choir, and intensive subsonic-sounding trombones. The Italian Hitparade #7 song had eight transitions of tonality building tension throughout the chorus. During the following decades, the song was covered by several performers in Italy and abroad—most notably by Françoise Hardy and Iva Zanicchi (1966), Delta V (2005), Vanessa and the O's (2007), and Neil Hannon (2008). In the reader's poll conducted by the la Repubblica newspaper to celebrate Mina's 70th anniversary in 2010, 30,000 voters picked the track as the best song ever recorded by Mina. Throughout the '60s Morricone composed songs for other artists including Milva, Gianni Morandi, Paul Anka, Amii Stewart, and Mireille Mathieu.

Leone film scores

Well-versed in a variety of musical idioms from his RCA experience, Morricone began composing film scores in the early 1960s. Though his first films were undistinguished, Morricone's arrangement of an American folk song intrigued director and former schoolmate Sergio Leone. Leone hired Morricone, and together they created a distinctive score to accompany Leone's different version of the Western, ''A Fistful of Dollars'' (1964). As budget strictures limited Morricone's access to a full orchestra, he used gunshots, cracking whips, whistle, voices, guimbarde (jaw harp), trumpets, and the new Fender electric guitar, instead of orchestral arrangements of Western standards à la John Ford. Morricone used his special effects to punctuate and comically tweak the action—cluing in the audience to the taciturn man's ironic stance. Though sonically bizarre for a movie score, Morricone's music was viscerally true to Leone's vision. As memorable as Leone's close-ups, harsh violence, and black comedy, Morricone's work helped to expand the musical possibilities of film scoring. Morricone was initially billed on the film as Dan Savio.

Morricone composed music for about 40 Westerns (the last was ''North Star'' (1996)), most of them Spaghetti Westerns. He scored Sergio Leone's Spaghetti Westerns, from ''A Fistful of Dollars'' (1964) and including ''For a Few Dollars More'' (1965), ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'' (1966), and ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968), as well as later films such as ''A Fistful of Dynamite'' (1971), ''My Name Is Nobody'' (1973), and ''A Genius, Two Partners and a Dupe'' (1975). The collaboration with Leone is considered one of the exemplary collaborations between a director and a composer.

In addition, Morricone composed music for many other, not so popular Spaghetti Westerns, including ''Duello nel Texas'' (1963), ''Le pistole non discutono'' (1964), ''A Pistol for Ringo'' (1965), ''The Return of Ringo'' (1965), ''Navajo Joe'' (1966), ''The Big Gundown'', (1966), ''Face to Face'' (1967), ''Death Rides a Horse'' (1967), ''The Hellbenders'' (1967), ''A Bullet for the General'' (1967), ''The Mercenary'' (1968), ''Tepepa'' (1968), ''The Great Silence'' (1968), ''Guns for San Sebastian'' (1968), ''…And for a Roof a Sky Full of Stars'' (1968), ''The Five Man Army'' (1969), ''Queimada!'' (1969), ''Vamos a matar, compañeros'' (1970), ''Two Mules for Sister Sara'' (1970), ''Sonny and Jed'' (1972), and ''Buddy Goes West'' (1981).

Ensemble

With the score of ''A Fistful of Dollars'', Morricone began his 10-year collaboration with his childhood friend Alessandro Alessandroni and his Cantori Moderni. Alessandroni provided the whistling and the twanging guitar on the film scores, while his Cantori Moderni were a flexible troupe of modern singers. Morricone specifically exploited the solo soprano of the group, Edda Dell'Orso, at the height of her powers—"an extraordinary voice at my disposal".

Other film scores

Most of Morricone's film scores of the 1960s were composed outside the Spaghetti Western genre, while still using Alessandroni's team. Their music included the themes for ''Il Malamondo'' (1964), ''Slalom'' (1965), ''The Battle of Algiers'' (1965), and ''Listen, Let's Make Love'' (1967). In 1968, Morricone reduced his work outside the movie business and wrote scores for 20 films in the same year. The scores included psychedelic accompaniment for Mario Bava's superhero romp ''Danger: Diabolik'' (1968). The next year marked the start of a series of evocative scores for Dario Argento's stylized thrillers, including ''The Bird with the Crystal Plumage'' (1969), ''The Cat o' Nine Tails'' (1971), and ''Four Flies on Grey Velvet'' (1974). In 1970, Morricone wrote the score for ''Violent City''. That same year, he received his first Nastro d'Argento for the music in ''Metti una sera a cena'' (Giuseppe Patroni Griffi, 1969) and his second only a year later for ''Sacco e Vanzetti'' (Giuliano Montaldo, 1971), in which he had made a memorable collaboration with the legendary American folk singer and activist Joan Baez. In 1973, he scored a theme for the crime film ''Revolver'' (1973). He received his first nomination for an Academy Award in 1979 for the score to ''Days of Heaven'' (Terrence Malick, 1978) and another in 1986 for ''The Mission'' (Roland Joffé, 1986), in 1987 for ''The Untouchables'' (Brian De Palma, 1987), in 1991 for ''Bugsy'' (Barry Levinson, 1991), and in 2001 for ''Malèna'' (Giuseppe Tornatore, 2000). Morricone composed the score for John Carpenter's science-fiction/horror movie ''The Thing'' (1982) as well as Brian De Palma's war drama ''Casualties of War'' (1989).

Morricone has worked for television, from a single title piece to variety shows and documentaries to TV series, including the US TV Western ''The Virginian'' (1971), ''Moses'' (1974) and ''Marco Polo'' (1982). One notable composition, "Chi Mai" was used in the films, ''Maddalena'' (1971) and ''Le Professionnel'' (1981) as well as the TV series ''The Life and Times of David Lloyd George'' (1981). It was a surprise hit in the UK, almost topping the charts. He wrote the score for the Mafia television series ''La piovra'' seasons 2 to 10 from 1985 to 2001, including the themes "Droga e sangue" ("Drugs and Blood"), "La morale", and "L'immorale". Morricone worked as the conductor of seasons 3 to 5 of the series. He also worked as the music supervisor for the television project ''La bibbia'' ("The Bible"). In the late 1990s, he collaborated with his son, Andrea, on the ''Ultimo'' crime dramas. Their collaboration yielded the BAFTA-winning ''Nuovo cinema Paradiso''. In 2003, Ennio Morricone scored another epic, for Japanese television, called ''Musashi'' and was the Taiga drama about Miyamoto Musashi, Japan's legendary warrior. A part of his "applied music" is now applied to Italian television films.

Concerts and conducting

Since 2001, Morricone has been on a world tour, the latter part sponsored by Giorgio Armani, with the Orchestra Roma Sinfonietta, touring London (Barbican 2001; 75th birthday ''Concerto'', Royal Albert Hall 2003), Paris, Verona, and Tokyo. Morricone performed his classic film scores at the Munich Philharmonie in 2005 and Hammersmith Apollo Theatre in London, UK, on 2006-12-01 and 2006-12-02.

He made his North American concert debut on January 29, 2007 Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City and four days later at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The previous evening, Morricone had already presented at the United Nations a concert comprising some of his film themes, as well as the cantata ''Voci dal silenzio'' to welcome the new Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon. A ''Los Angeles Times'' review bemoaned the poor acoustics and opined of Morricone: "His stick technique is adequate, but his charisma as a conductor is zero." Morricone, though, has said: "Conducting has never been important to me. If the audience comes for my gestures, they had better stay outside."

On December 12, 2007, Morricone conducted the Roma Sinfonietta at the Wiener Stadthalle in Vienna, presenting a selection of his own works. Together with the Roma Sinfonietta and the Belfast Philharmonic Choir, Morricone performed at the Opening Concerts of the Belfast Festival at Queen's, in the Waterfront Hall on October 17 and 18, 2008. Morricone and Roma Sinfonietta also held a concert at the Belgrade Arena (Belgrade, Serbia) on February 14, 2009.

On April 10, 2010, Morricone conducted a concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London with the Roma Sinfonietta and (as in all of his previous London concerts) the Crouch End Festival Chorus. On August 27, 2010, he conducted a concert in Hungary. Two other concerts took place in Verona and Sofia (Bulgaria) on 11 and 17 September 2010.

Influence

Oscar-winning film composer Hans Zimmer has called Ennio Morricone his favorite composer in the world. Zimmer's ''Parlay'' in ''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End'' Soundtrack is a tribute to Ennio Morricone's ''Man with a Harmonica''.

Morricone's influence also extends into the realm of pop music. Hugo Montenegro had a hit with a version of the main theme from ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'' in both the United Kingdom and the United States. This was followed by his album of Morricone's music in 1968.

Aside from his music having been sampled by everyone from rappers (Jay-Z) to electronic outfits (the Orb), Morricone wrote "Se Telefonando", which became Italy's fifth biggest-selling record of 1966 and has since been re-recorded by Françoise Hardy, among many others, and scored the strings for "Dear God, Please Help Me" on Morrissey's 2006 "Ringleader of the Tormentors" album.

Morricone's film music was also recorded by many artists. John Zorn recorded an album of Morricone's music, ''The Big Gundown'', with Keith Rosenberg in the mid-1980s. Lyricists and poets have helped convert some of his melodies into a songbook.

Morricone collaborated with world music artists, like Portuguese fado singer Dulce Pontes (in 2003 with ''Focus'', an album praised by Paulo Coelho and where his songbook can be sampled) and virtuoso cellist Yo-Yo Ma (in 2004), who both recorded albums of Morricone classics with the Roma Sinfonietta Orchestra and Morricone himself conducting.

In 1990 the American singer Amii Stewart, best known for the 1979 disco hit "Knock On Wood", recorded a tribute album entitled ''Pearls - Amii Stewart Sings Ennio Morricone'' for the RCA label, including a selection of the composer's best known songs. Since the mid 1980s Stewart resides in Italy, the ''Pearls'' album features Rome's Philharmonic Orchestra and was co-produced by Morricone himself.

The 2003 Quentin Tarantino film ''Kill Bill'' Volumes 1 & 2 makes extensive use of several Morricone pieces from several 1960s film scores. The 2009 film ''Inglourious Basterds'' also uses many Morricone pieces, as well as sharing "Il Mercenario (Ripresa)" with Kill Bill.

Metallica uses Morricone's ''The Ecstasy of Gold'' as an intro at their concerts (shock jocks Opie and Anthony also use the song at the start of their XM Satellite Radio and CBS Radio shows.) The San Francisco Symphony Orchestra also played it on Metallica's Symphonic rock album S&M;. Ramones used the theme from ''The Good, the Bad and the Ugly'' as a concert intro. The theme from ''A Fistful Of Dollars'' is also used as a concert intro by The Mars Volta.

His influence extends from Michael Nyman to Muse. He even has his own tribute band, a large group which started in Australia, touring as The Ennio Morricone Experience.

Morricone is mentioned by Myles, a musician/scorer (played by Jack Black in "The Holiday" [2006 film]), as creator of magical sounds that formed a charracter as much as lines of music in his films. This played out in a scene at a video rental store between Black and actress Kate Winslett.

In 2007, the tribute album ''We All Love Ennio Morricone'' was released. It features performances by various artists, including Sarah Brightman, Andrea Bocelli, Celine Dion, Bruce Springsteen and Metallica.

British band Muse cites Morricone as an influence for the songs "City of Delusion", "Hoodoo", and "Knights of Cydonia" on their album ''Black Holes and Revelations''.. The band has recently started playing the song "Man With A Harmonica" live played by Chris Wolstenholme, as an intro to "Knights of Cydonia".

In January 2010, tenor Donald Braswell II released his album "We Fall and We Rise Again" on which he presented his tribute to Ennio Morricone with his original composition entitled "Ennio".

Recent activity

Morricone provided the string arrangements on Morrissey's "Dear God Please Help Me" from the album ''Ringleader of the Tormentors'' in 2006.

Quentin Tarantino originally wanted Morricone to compose the soundtrack for his most recent film, ''Inglourious Basterds''. However, Morricone refused because of the sped-up production schedule of the film. Tarantino did use several Morricone tracks from previous films in the soundtrack.

Morricone instead wrote the music for Baaria - La porta del vento, the most recent movie by Giuseppe Tornatore. The composer is also writing music for Tornatore's upcoming movie Leningrad.

In spring and summer 2010, Morricone worked with Hayley Westenra for a collaboration on her album ''Paradiso''. The album features new songs written by Morricone, as well as some of his best known film compositions of the last 50 years. Hayley recorded the album with Morricone's orchestra in Rome during the summer of 2010.

Personal life

On 13 October 1956, he married Maria Travia and had his first son, Marco, in 1957. Travia has written lyrics to complement her husband's pieces. Her works include the Latin texts for ''The Mission''. They have three sons and a daughter, in order of birth: Marco, Alessandra, the conductor and film composer Andrea (Andrew), and Giovanni (a filmmaker who lives in New York City).

Discography

Ennio Morricone has sold over 50 million records worldwide, including 6.5 million copies in France and more than two million albums in Korea.

Top worldwide film grosses

Ennio Morricone has been involved with eight movies grossing over $25 million at the box office:

{|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! class="unsortable"|Title !! class="unsortable"|Director !! Gross |- | 1966 || ''The Good, The Bad & The Ugly'' || Sergio Leone || $25,100,000 |- | 1977 || ''Exorcist II: The Heretic'' || John Boorman || $30,749,142 |- | 1987 || ''The Untouchables'' || Brian De Palma || $76,270,454 |- | 1991 || ''Bugsy'' || Barry Levinson || $49,114,016 |- | 1993 || ''In the Line of Fire'' || Wolfgang Petersen || $176,997,168 |- | 1994 || ''Wolf'' || Mike Nichols || $131,002,597 |- | 1994 || ''Disclosure'' || Barry Levinson || $214,015,089 |- | 2000 || ''Mission to Mars'' || Brian De Palma || $110,983,407 |}

Other successful movies with Morricone's work are ''Kill Bill Vol. 1 & 2'' (2003, 2004) and ''Inglourious Basterds'' (2009), though the tracks used are sampled from older pictures.

Awards

Academy Honorary Award

Morricone received an honorary Academy Award on February 25, 2007, presented by Clint Eastwood, "for his magnificent and multifaceted contributions to the art of film music." With the statuette came a standing ovation. Though nominated five times, he had not previously received an Oscar. In conjunction with the honor, Morricone released a tribute album, ''We All Love Ennio Morricone'', that featured as its centerpiece Celine Dion's rendition of "I Knew I Loved You" (based on "Deborah's Theme" from ''Once Upon a Time in America''), which she performed at the ceremony. Behind-the-scenes studio production and recording footage of "I Knew I Loved You" can be viewed in the debut episode of the QuincyJones.com Podcast. The lyric, as with Morricone's ''Love Affair'', had been penned by Oscar-winning husband-and-wife duo Marilyn and Alan Bergman. Morricone's acceptance speech was in his native Italian tongue and was interpreted by Clint Eastwood, who stood to his left. Eastwood and Morricone had in fact met two days earlier—for the first time in 40 years—at a reception.

Morricone and Alex North are the only composers to receive the honorary Oscar since the award's introduction in 1928. North was nominated for fifteen Oscars, but like Morricone, he never won competitively.

List of prizes and awards

1965 — Nastro d'Argento for ''A Fistful of Dollars''

1967 — Diapason d'Or

1969 — Premio Spoleto Cinema

1970 — Nastro d'argento for ''Metti una sera a cena''

1971 — Nastro d'argento for ''Sacco e Vanzetti''

1972 — Cork Film International for ''La califfa''

1979 — Academy Awards nomination for ''Days of Heaven''

1979 — Premio Vittorio de Sica

1981 — Premio della critica discografica for ''Il prato''

1984 — Premio Zurlini

1985 — Nastro d'argento and BAFTA for ''Once Upon A Time In America''

1986 — Academy Awards Nomination, BAFTA and Golden Globe Awards for ''The Mission''

1986 — ''Premio Vittorio de Sica''

1988 — Academy Awards nomination, Nastro d'argento, BAFTA and Grammy Awards for ''The Untouchables''

1988 — David di Donatello for ''Gli occhiali d'oro''

1989 — David di Donatello for ''Nuovo Cinema Paradiso''

1989 — Ninth Annual Ace Winner for ''Il Giorno prima''

1989 — Pardo d'Oro alla carriera Locarno Film Festival

1990 — BAFTA, Prix Fondation Sacem del XLIII Cannes Film Festival and David di Donatello for ''Nuovo Cinema Paradiso''

1991 — David di Donatello for ''Stanno tutti bene''

1992 — Academy Award nomination for ''Bugsy''

1992 — Pentagramma d'oro

1992 — Premio Michelangelo

1992 — Grolla d'oro alla carriera (Saint Vincent)

1993 — David di Donatello and Efebo d'Argento for ''Jonas che visse nella balena''

1993 — Globo d'oro Stampa estera in Italia

1993 — Gran Premio SACEM audiovisivi

1994 — ASCAP ''Golden Soundtrack Award'' (Los Angeles)

1995 — Premio Rota

1995 — Golden Lion Honorary Award by the Venice Film Festival

1996 — ''Premio citta' di Roma''

1996 — ''Premio Cappelli''

1996 — Premio Accademia di Santa Cecilia

1997 — Premio Flaiano

1998 — Columbus Prize

1999 — Erich Wolfgang Korngold Internationaler Preis für Film

1999 — Exsquibbidles Film Academy lifetime achievement award

2000 — Golden Globe for ''The Legend of 1900'' (1998)

2000 — David di Donatello and Nastro d'argento for ''Canone Inverso''

2000 — Academy Awards nomination for ''Malèna''

2000 — Nastro d'argento for ''Malèna''

2001 — Mikeldi de Honor at "Zinebi - International Festival of Documentary and Short Films" of Bilbao

2002 — Honorary Degree by the "Seconda Università" of Rome

2003 — Golden Eagle Award by the Russian National Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences of Russia for ''72 Meters (film)''

2003 — Honorary Senator of the Filmscoring Class of the Hochschule für Musik und Theater München

2006 — Grand Officer OMRI, nominated by Carlo Azeglio Ciampi

2007 — Honorary Academy Award for career achievement

2007 — The Film & TV Music Award for Lifetime Achievement

2007 — David di Donatello and Nastro d'argento for ''La sconosciuta''

2008 — Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental, performed by Bruce Springsteen

2008 — Knight of the Legion of Honour

2009 — Medal of Merits for Macedonia

2009 — America Award of the Italy-USA Foundation

2010 — Polar Music Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy of the Arts

Sources

Horace, B. ''Music from the Movies'', film music journal double issue 45/46, 2005: ISSN 0967-8131

Miceli, Sergio. ''Morricone, la musica, il cinema''. Milan: Mucchi/Ricordi, 1994: ISBN 88-7592-398-1

Miceli, Sergio. "Morricone, Ennio". ''The Nesw Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.

Poppi, R., M. Pecorari. ''Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film vol. 3. Dal 1960 al 1969''. Gremese, 1993: ISBN 88-7605-593-2

Poppi, R., M. Pecorari. ''Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film vol. 4. Dal 1970 al 1979* A/L''. Gremese, 1996: ISBN 88-7605-935-0

Poppi, R., M. Pecorari. ''Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film vol. 4. Dal 1970 al 1979** M/Z''. Gremese, 1996: ISBN 88-7605-969-5

Poppi, R., M. Pecorari. ''Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film vol. 5. Dal 1980 al 1989* A/L''. Gremese, 2000: ISBN 88-7742-423-0

Poppi, R., M. Pecorari. ''Dizionario del cinema italiano. I film vol. 5. Dal 1980 al 1989** M/Z''. Gremese, 2000: ISBN 88-7742-429-X

References

Further reading

Lhassa, Anne, and Jean Lhassa: ''Ennio Morricone: biographie''. Les Planches. Lausanne: Favre; [Paris]: [diff. Inter-forum], 1989. ISBN 2-8289-0418-0,

Wagner, Thorsten. "Improvisation als 'weiteste Ausdehnung des Begriffs der aleatorischen Musik': Franco Evangelisti und die Improvisationsgruppe Nuova Consonanza". In ''...hin zu einer neuen Welt: Notate zu Franco Evangelisti'', edited by Harald Muenz,.48-60, 2002. Saarbrücken: Pfau-Verlag. ISBN 3-89727-177-X.

Webb, Michael D. ''Italian 20th Century Music: The Quest for Modernity''. London: Kahn & Averill. ISBN 978-1-871082-89-0

External links

Ennio Morricone Myspace

The Ennio Morricone Online Community

Streaming audio of Morricone's "The Man with the Harmonica," from his soundtrack to ''Once upon a Time in the West''

TÊTE-À-TÊTE: Ennio Morricone by Nic Harcourt at Los Angeles Times Magazine

Category:1928 births Category:20th-century classical composers Category:Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni Category:Academy Honorary Award recipients Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Italian composers Category:Italian film score composers Category:Living people Category:Virgin Records artists Category:People from Rome (city) Category:Spaghetti Western composers

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Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Name	Rosalind (Roz) Savage
Birth date	December 23, 1967
Birth place	Cheshire, England
Website	rozsavage.com
Footnotes	}}

Rosalind (Roz) Savage (born 23 December 1967) is a British ocean rower and amateur runner, now pursuing a career as an environmental advocate, writer and motivational speaker.

Background

Savage was born in Cheshire. She took up rowing at University College, Oxford, and went on to gain two half-blues for representing Oxford against Cambridge, and to win blades with the Univ Women's 1st VIII in 1988 and 1989.

By 2001, at age 34, she was a management consultant and investment banker. On a train trip that year, however, she sketched obituaries for the life she was living and the one she really wanted. Their disparity spurred her to give up her steady income and big house in the suburbs. An extra-marital affair initiated by Savage led to her divorcing her husband of five years - she admits in her book ''Rowing the Atlantic: Lessons Learned on the Open Ocean''.

In 2003, she became a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and took part in an Anglo-American expedition that discovered Inca ruins in the Andean cloudforests near Machu Picchu. She then spent an additional three months in Peru, travelling solo and researching her first book, ''Three Peaks in Peru''.

She ran in the London and New York marathons, finishing in the top 2% of women in each, and has run a personal best of 3 hours 19 minutes.

Her story was filmed as ''A Little Silver Boat in a Big Silver Sea'' as part of the ITV1 documentary television series ''Is It Worth It?'', first broadcast on Monday, 12 March 2007 in the UK.

Ocean rows

The Atlantic

On 14 March 2006 she completed the first leg by finishing the Atlantic Rowing Race as the only solo female competitor, taking 103 days to complete the crossing. This she did unsupported, despite breaking all four of her oars and having to row with patched-up oars for more than half the race. Her cooking stove failed after only 20 days, then her navigation equipment and music player. She managed to maintain her daily weblog right up until day 80 when her satellite phone failed, leaving only the movement detected by her positional transponder.

Despite all this, and the danger of having to cut off the rope to her failed sea anchor in waves, she arrived safely at the finish in Antigua. She is only the 5th woman to row solo across the Atlantic from East to West.

Savage's book of her Atlantic voyage ''Rowing the Atlantic - Lessons Learned on the Open Ocean'' was published on 6 October 2009 by Simon & Schuster.

The Pacific

Shortly after her successful Atlantic crossing, she announced her bid to become the first woman to row solo across the Pacific Ocean from the US to Australia. (Maud Fontenoy rowed solo across the Pacific in 2005, via a different route.) After successfully completing 3 stages, starting from California in Summer 2008, and breaking her journey in Hawaii to Tuvalu in 2009 to Papua New Guinea in 2010, Savage accomplished her goal.

She began stage one on 12 August 2007 from Crescent City, California, and was rescued 10 days later approximately 90 miles offshore by the U.S. Coast Guard. She cited heavy weather, and a head injury, and abandoned her boat "Brocade" which was later recovered. She made another attempt on 25 May 2008 launching from Sausalito, California and arrived in Hawaii on 1 September 2008, becoming the first woman to row solo from California to Hawaii. She completed the crossing from San Francisco to Waikiki in a time of 99 days 8 hours and 55 minutes. The total distance covered was and took approximately one million oar strokes. En route to Hawaii, with no other vessels near, Savage was given an essential resupply of water by the two man crew of the JUNK raft, also on a journey from California to Hawaii.

She began stage two on 24 May 2009, with intentions to arrive at the island nation of Tuvalu 2580 miles away. On 28 August, after suffering adverse winds and currents for several days, with food supplies running low and her water-maker broken, Savage realised that she was unlikely to be able to reach Tuvalu and reluctantly changed course for Tarawa. Some controversy surrounds her turning off her tracking beacon for several days without justification, just prior to her finish. Her boat position after she turned back on her tracking device caused more controversy among experienced ocean rowers. She arrived in Tarawa on 5 September after 104 days at sea and approximately 1.3 million oar strokes.

Savage began her third and final stage for the Pacific Row on 18 April 2010 with the intention to row to the eastern shore of Australia. After mid ocean currents gave her a more westerly course, she again changed her destination and arrived at Papua New Guinea on 8 May 2010. She reported by Twitter on 3, 1 June:35pm (UTC) that she arrived at Madang, Papua New Guinea after 45 days at sea.

The Indian

In April 2011, Savage set out to row across the Indian Ocean, launching from Fremantle, Australia. Her route, daily locations and destination are kept secret because of the danger from pirates. She was towed back to Australia a fortnight into the 4000 mile voyage due to a fault with the desalination machine the rowing boat was equipped with.

References

Further reading

BBC News, Tuesday, 14 March 2006

Merco Press, Thursday 16 February 2006

Financial Times FT.comk, 19 November 2005

BBC Radio 4 Interview, 12 April 2006

TheOcean.net 14 March 2006

Yorkshire Post Today, 28 June 2006

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/rowing/2344010/A-Life-in-Sport-Roz-Savage.html

Radio interview on WNYC for "Rowing the Atlantic" 6 October 2009

External links

Official Website

Roz Rows The Pacific

Roz Savage YouTube Channel

Solo woman rows the Atlantic: Part 1

Solo woman rows the Atlantic: Part 2

Solo woman rows the Atlantic: Part 3

Solo woman rows the Atlantic: Part 4

Category:British rowers Category:Ocean rowers Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society Category:Alumni of University College, Oxford Category:1967 births Category:Living people

vi:Roz Savage