Greenpeace

Type	Non-governmental organization
Founded	1971 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Location	Amsterdam, The Netherlands (International)
Key people	Kumi Naidoo, Executive Director Lalita Ramdas, Chairman
Area served	Worldwide
Focus	Environmentalism, peace
Method	Direct action, lobbying, research, innovation
Revenue	€196.6 million (2008)
Members	2.86 million (2008)
Website	www.GreenPeace.org www.GreenPeace.mobi

Greenpeace is a non-governmental environmental organization^[1] with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.^[2] Greenpeace states its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity"^[3] and focuses its campaigning on world wide issues such as global warming, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling and anti-nuclear issues. Greenpeace uses direct action, lobbying and research to achieve its goals. The global organization does not accept funding from governments, corporations or political parties, relying on more than 2.8 million individual supporters and foundation grants.^[4][5] Greenpeace is a founding member of the INGO Accountability Charter; an international non-governmental organization that intends to foster accountability and transparency of non-governmental organizations.

Greenpeace evolved from the peace movement and anti-nuclear protests in Vancouver, British Columbia, in the early 1970s. On September 15, 1971, the newly founded Don't Make a Wave Committee sent a chartered ship, Phyllis Cormack, renamed Greenpeace for the protest, from Vancouver to oppose United States testing of nuclear devices in Amchitka, Alaska. The Don't Make a Wave Committee subsequently adopted the name Greenpeace.^[6]

In a few years, Greenpeace spread to several countries and started to campaign on other environmental issues such as commercial whaling and toxic waste. In the late 1970s, the different regional Greenpeace groups formed Greenpeace International to oversee the goals and operations of the regional organizations globally.^[7] Greenpeace received international attention during the 1980s when the French intelligence agency bombed the Rainbow Warrior in Auckland's Waitemata Harbour, one of the most well-known vessels operated by Greenpeace, killing one individual.^[8] In the following years, Greenpeace evolved into one of the largest environmental organizations in the world.^[9][10]

Greenpeace is known for its direct actions^[11][12] and has been described as the most visible environmental organization in the world.^[13][14] Greenpeace has raised environmental issues to public knowledge,^[15][16][17] and influenced both the private and the public sector.^[18][19] Greenpeace has also been a source of controversy;^[20] its motives and methods have received criticism^[21][22] and the organization's direct actions have sparked legal actions against Greenpeace activists.^[23][24]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Origins 1.2 First campaigns after Amchitka 1.3 Organizational development 2 Priorities and campaigns 2.1 Climate and energy 2.1.1 The Kingsnorth court case 2.1.2 "Go Beyond Oil" 2.1.3 Nuclear power 2.1.3.1 Anti-nuclear advertisement 2.1.3.2 Press release blunder 2.1.3.3 EDF spying conviction 2.2 Forest campaign 2.2.1 Removal of ancient tree 2.3 The 'Tokyo Two' 2.4 Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) 2.4.1 Greenpeace on golden rice 2.5 Toxics 3 Organizational structure 3.1 Governance 3.2 Funding 4 Ships 4.1 The first Rainbow Warrior 4.2 The second Rainbow Warrior 4.3 Other vessels 5 Reactions and responses to Greenpeace activities 5.1 Criticism 6 Local greenpeaces 6.1 Greenpeace Chile 6.2 Greenpeace East Asia 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External links

History[link]

Origins[link]

In the late 1960s, the U.S. had plans for an underground nuclear weapon test in the tectonically unstable island of Amchitka in Alaska. Because of the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the plans raised some concerns of the test triggering earthquakes and causing a tsunami. Anti-nuclear activists protested against the test on the border of the U.S. and Canada with signs reading "Don't Make A Wave. It's Your Fault If Our Fault Goes". The protests did not stop the U.S. from detonating the bomb.^[25]

While no earthquake or tsunami followed the test, the opposition grew when the U.S. announced they would detonate a bomb five times more powerful than the first one. Among the opposers were Jim Bohlen, a veteran who had served the U.S. Navy and Irving and Dorothy Stowe, a Jewish couple, who had recently become Quakers. As members of the Sierra Club Canada, they were frustrated by the lack of action by the organization.^[25] From Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen learned of a form of passive resistance, "bearing witness", where objectionable activity is protested simply by mere presence.^[25] Jim Bohlen's wife Marie came up with the idea to sail to Amchitka, inspired by the anti-nuclear voyages of Albert Bigelow in 1958. The idea ended up in the press and was linked to The Sierra Club.^[25] The Sierra Club did not like this connection and in 1970 The Don't Make a Wave Committee was established for the protest. Early meetings were held in the Shaughnessy home of Robert and Bobbi Hunter. Subsequently the Stowe home at 2775 Courtenay St. became the HQ.^[26] The first office was opened in a back-room, storefront on Cypress and Bwy SE corner in Kitsilano, (Vancouver) before moving to West 4th at Maple (see below).^[27]

There is some debate as to who are the actual founders of The Don't Make a Wave Committee. Researcher Vanessa Timmer has referred the early members as "an unlikely group of loosely organized protestors".^[28] According to the current Greenpeace web page, the founders were Dorothy and Irving Stowe, Marie and Jim Bohlen, Ben and Dorothy Metcalfe, and Robert Hunter.^[29] The book The Greenpeace Story states that the founders were Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen and Paul Cote, a law student and peace activist.^[25] An interview with Dorothy Stowe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Jim Bohlen and Robert Hunter identifies the founders as Paul Cote, Irving and Dorothy Stowe and Jim and Marie Bohlen.^[30] Paul Watson, who also participated in the anti-nuclear protests, maintains that he also was one of the founders.^[31] Another early member, Patrick Moore also has stated that he was one of the founders.^[32] Greenpeace used to list Moore among "founders and first members" of The Don't Make a Wave Committee but has later stated that while Moore was a significant early member, he was not a founder.^[30][33] According to Moore's own letter he applied to the already existing organization in March 1971.^[34]

Irving Stowe arranged a benefit concert (supported by Joan Baez) that took place on October 16, 1970 at the Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver. The concert created the financial basis for the first Greenpeace campaign.^[35] Amchitka, the 1970 concert that launched Greenpeace has been published by Greenpeace in November 2009 on CD and is also available as mp3 download via the Amchitka concert website. Using the money raised with the concert, the Don't Make a Wave Committee chartered a ship, the Phyllis Cormack owned and sailed by John Cormack. The ship was renamed Greenpeace for the protest after a term coined by activist Bill Darnell.^[25]

In the fall of 1971 the ship sailed towards Amchitka and faced the U.S. Coast Guard ship Confidence^[25] which forced the activists to turn back. Because of this and the increasingly bad weather the crew decided to return to Canada only to find out that the news about their journey and reported support from the crew of the Confidence had generated sympathy for their protest.^[25] After this Greenpeace tried to navigate to the test site with other vessels, until the U.S. detonated the bomb.^[25] The nuclear test was criticized and the U.S. decided not to continue with their test plans at Amchitka.

In 1972, The Don't Make a Wave committee changed their official name to Greenpeace Foundation.^[25] While the organization was founded under a different name in 1970 and was officially named Greenpeace in 1972, the organization itself dates its birth to the first protest of 1971.^[36] Greenpeace also states that "there was no single founder, and the name, idea, spirit, tactics, and internationalism of the organization all can be said to have separate lineages".^[29]

As Rex Weyler put it in his chronology, Greenpeace, in 1969, Irving and Dorothy Stowe's "quiet home on Courtenay Street would soon become a hub of monumental, global significance". Some of the first Greenpeace meetings were held there, and it served as the first office of the Greenpeace Foundation.

After the office in the Stowe home, (and after the first concert fund-raiser) Greenpeace functions moved to other private homes before settling, in the fall of 1974, in a small office shared with the SPEC environmental group, at 2007 W. 4th Avenue, at Maple Street, across from the Bimini neighbourhood pub. The address of this office has since been changed to 2009 W. 4th Avenue. The building still exists, and the office is up the stair at the “2009” door.

First campaigns after Amchitka[link]

After the nuclear tests at Amchitka were over, Greenpeace moved its focus to the French atmospheric nuclear weapons testing at the Moruroa Atoll in French Polynesia. The young organization needed help for their protests and were contacted by David McTaggart, a former businessman living in New Zealand. In 1972 the yacht Vega, a 12.5-metre (41 ft) ketch owned by David McTaggart, was renamed Greenpeace III and sailed in an anti-nuclear protest into the exclusion zone at Moruroa to attempt to disrupt French nuclear testing. This voyage was sponsored and organized by the New Zealand branch of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.^[37] The French Navy tried to stop the protest in several ways, including assaulting David McTaggart. McTaggart was supposedly beaten to the point that he lost sight in one of his eyes. Luckily, one of McTaggart's crew members photographed the incident and went public. After the assault was publicized, France announced it would stop the atmospheric nuclear tests.^[25]

In the mid-1970s some Greenpeace members started an independent campaign, Project Ahab, against commercial whaling, since Irving Stowe was against Greenpeace focusing on other issues than nuclear weapons. After Irving Stowe died in 1975, Phyllis Cormack left from Vancouver to face Soviet whalers on the coast of California. Greenpeace activists disrupted the whaling by going between the harpoons and the whales, and the footage of the protests spread across the world. Later in the 1970s the organization widened its focus to include toxic waste and commercial seal hunting.^[25]

Organizational development[link]

Greenpeace evolved from a group of Canadian protesters in a sail boat, into a less conservative group of environmentalists who were more reflective of the counterculture and hippie youth movements of the 1960s and 1970s.^[38] The social and cultural background from which Greenpeace emerged heralded a period of de-conditioning away from old world antecedents and sought to develop new codes of social, environmental and political behavior.^[6][39] Historian Frank Zelko has commented that "unlike Friends of the Earth, for example, which sprung fully formed from the forehead of David Brower, Greenpeace developed in a more evolutionary manner."^[7]

In the mid-1970s independent groups using the name Greenpeace started springing up world wide. By 1977 there were 15 to 20 Greenpeace groups around the world.^[7] At the same time the Canadian Greenpeace office was heavily in debt. Disputes between offices over fund-raising and organizational direction split the global movement as the North American offices were reluctant to be under the authority of the Vancouver office and its president Patrick Moore.^[7]

After the incidents of Moruroa, David McTaggart had moved to France to battle in court with the French state and helped to develop the cooperation of European Greenpeace groups.^[25] David McTaggart lobbied the Canadian Greenpeace Foundation to accept a new structure which would bring the scattered Greenpeace offices under the auspices of a single global organization. The European Greenpeace paid the debt of the Canadian Greenpeace office and on October 14, 1979, Greenpeace International came into existence.^[7][28] Under the new structure, the local offices would contribute a percentage of their income to the international organization, which would take responsibility for setting the overall direction of the movement with each regional office having one vote.^[7] Some Greenpeace groups, namely London Greenpeace (dissolved in 2001) and the US-based Greenpeace Foundation (still operational) however decided to remain independent from Greenpeace International.^[40][41]

Priorities and campaigns[link]

On its official website, Greenpeace defines its mission as the following:

Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace by:

• Catalysing an energy revolution to address the number one threat facing our planet: climate change.
• Defending our oceans by challenging wasteful and destructive fishing, and creating a global network of marine reserves.
• Protecting the world’s remaining ancient forests which are depended on by many animals, plants and people.
• Working for disarmament and peace by reducing dependence on finite resources and calling for the elimination of all nuclear weapons.
• Creating a toxin free future with safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals in today's products and manufacturing.
• Campaigning for sustainable agriculture by encouraging socially and ecologically responsible farming practices.

—Greenpeace International^[42]

Climate and energy[link]

Greenpeace was one of the first parties to formulate a sustainable development scenario for climate change mitigation, which it did in 1993.^[43] According to sociologists Marc Mormont and Christine Dasnoy, Greenpeace played a significant role in raising public awareness of global warming in the 1990s.^[44] The organization has also focused on CFCs, because of both their global warming potential and their effect on the ozone layer. Greenpeace was one of the leading participants advocating early phase-out of ozone depleting substances in the Montreal Protocol.^[18] In the early 1990s, Greenpeace developed a CFC-free refrigerator technology, "Greenfreeze" for mass production together with the refrigerator industry.^[18] United Nations Environment Programme awarded Greenpeace for "outstanding contributions to the protection of the Earth's ozone layer" in 1997.^[45] In 2007 one third of the world's total production of refrigerators were based on Greenfreeze technology, with over 200 million units in use.^[18]

Currently Greenpeace considers global warming to be the greatest environmental problem facing the Earth.^[42] Greenpeace calls for global greenhouse gas emissions to peak in 2015 and to decrease as close to zero as possible by 2050. For this Greenpeace calls for the industrialized countries to cut their emissions at least 40% by 2020 (from 1990 levels) and to give substantial funding for developing countries to build a sustainable energy capacity, to adapt to the inevitable consequences of global warming, and to stop deforestation by 2020.^[46] Together with EREC, Greenpeace has formulated a global energy scenario, "Energy [R]evolution", where 80% of the world's total energy is produced with renewables, and the emissions of the energy sector are decreased by over 80% of the 1990 levels by 2050.^[47]

Using direct action, Greenpeace has protested several times against coal by occupying coal power plants and blocking coal shipments and mining operations, in places such as New Zealand,^[48] Svalbard,^[49] Australia,^[50] and the United Kingdom.^[51] Greenpeace is also critical of extracting petroleum from oil sands and has used direct action to block the oil sand operations at Athabasca, Canada.^[52][53]

The Kingsnorth court case[link]

In October 2007, six Greenpeace protesters were arrested for breaking in to the Kingsnorth power station, climbing the 200 metre smokestack, painting the name Gordon on the chimney, and causing an estimated £30,000 damage. At their subsequent trial they admitted trying to shut the station down, but argued that they were legally justified because they were trying to prevent climate change from causing greater damage to property elsewhere around the world. Evidence was heard from David Cameron's environment adviser Zac Goldsmith, climate scientist James E. Hansen and an Inuit leader from Greenland, all saying that climate change was already seriously affecting life around the world. The six activists were acquitted. It was the first case where preventing property damage caused by climate change has been used as part of a "lawful excuse" defence in court.^[54] Both The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian described the acquittal as embarrassment to the Brown Ministry.^[55][56] In December 2008 The New York Times listed the acquittal in its annual list of the most influential ideas of the year.^[57]

"Go Beyond Oil"[link]

As part of their stance on the subject re-newable energy, Greenpeace have launched the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign.^[58] The campaign is focused on slowing, and eventually ending, the world's consumption of oil; with activist activities taking place against companies that pursue oil drilling as a venture. Much of the activities of the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign have been focused on drilling for oil in the Arctic and areas affected by the Deepwater Horizon disaster. The activities of Greenpeace in the arctic have mainly involved the Edinburgh-based oil and gas exploration company, Cairn Energy; and range from protests at the Cairn Energy's headquarters^[59] to scalling their oil rigs in an attempt to halt the drilling process.^[60]

The "Go Beyond Oil" campaign also involves applying political pressure on the governments who allow oil exploration in their territories; with the group stating that one of the key aims of the "Go Beyond Oil" campaign is to "work to expose the lengths the oil industry is willing to go to squeeze the last barrels out of the ground and put pressure on industry and governments to move beyond oil."^[58]

Nuclear power[link]

Greenpeace views nuclear power as a relatively minor industry with major problems, such as environmental damage and risks from uranium mining, nuclear weapons proliferation, and unresolved questions concerning nuclear waste. The organization argues that the potential of nuclear power to mitigate global warming is marginal, referring to the IEA energy scenario where an increase in world's nuclear capacity from 2608 TWh in 2007 to 9857 TWh by 2050 would cut global greenhouse gas emissions less than 5% and at require 32 nuclear reactor units of 1000MW capacity built per year until 2050. According to Greenpeace the slow construction times, construction delays, and hidden costs, all limit the mitigation potential of nuclear power. This makes the IEA scenario technically and financially unrealistic. They also argue that binding massive amounts of investments on nuclear energy would take funding away from more effective solutions.^[47] Greenpeace views the construction of Olkiluoto 3 nuclear power plant in Finland as an example of the problems on building new nuclear power.^[61]

Anti-nuclear advertisement[link]

In 1994, Greenpeace published an anti-nuclear newspaper advert which included a claim that nuclear facilities Sellafield would kill 2000 people in the next 10 years, and an image of a hydrocephalus-affected child said to be a victim of nuclear weapons testing in Kazakhstan. Advertising Standards Authority viewed the claim concerning Sellafield unsubstantiated, and ASA did not accept that the child's condition was caused by radiation. This resulted in banning of the advert. Greenpeace did not admit fault, stating that a Kazakhstan doctor had said that the child's condition was due to nuclear testing. Adam Woolf from Greenpeace also stated that, "fifty years ago there were many experts who would be lined up and swear there was no link between smoking and bad health."^[62] The UN has estimated that the nuclear weapon tests in Kazakhstan caused about 100,000 people to suffer over three generations.^[63]

Press release blunder[link]

In Philadelphia, in 2006, Greenpeace issued a press release that said "In the twenty years since the Chernobyl tragedy, the world's worst nuclear accident, there have been nearly [FILL IN ALARMIST AND ARMAGEDDONIST FACTOID HERE]," The final report warned of plane crashes and reactor meltdowns.^[64] According to a Greenpeace spokesman, the memo was a joke that was accidentally released.^[64]

EDF spying conviction[link]

In 2011, a French court fined Électricité de France (EDF) €1.5m and jailed two senior employees for spying on Greenpeace, including hacking into Greenpeace's computer systems. Greenpeace was awarded €500,000 in damages.^[65] Although EDF claimed that a security firm had only been employed to monitor Greenpeace, the court disagreed, jailing the head and deputy head of EDF's nuclear security operation for three years each. Two employees of the security firm, Kargus, run by a former member of France's secret services, received sentences of three and two years respectively.^[66]

Forest campaign[link]

Greenpeace aims at protecting intact primary forests from deforestation and degradation with the target of zero deforestation by 2020. Greenpeace has accused several corporations, such as Unilever,^[67] Nike,^[68] and McDonald's^[69] of having links to the deforestation of the tropical rainforests, resulting in policy changes in several of the companies under criticism.^[70][71][72] Greenpeace, together with other environmental NGOs, also campaigned for ten years for the EU to ban import of illegal timber. The EU decided to ban illegal timber on July 2010.^[73] As deforestation contributes to global warming, Greenpeace has demanded that REDD (Reduced Emission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) should be included in the climate treaty following the Kyoto treaty.^[74]

Removal of ancient tree[link]

In June 1995, Greenpeace took a trunk of a tree from the forests of the proposed national park of Koitajoki^[75] in Ilomantsi, Finland and put it on display at exhibitions held in Austria and Germany. Greenpeace said in a press conference that the tree was originally from a logged area in the ancient forest which was supposed to be protected. Metsähallitus accused Greenpeace of theft and said that the tree was from a normal forest and had been left standing because of its old age. Metsähallitus also said that the tree had actually crashed over a road during a storm.^[76] The incident received publicity in Finland, for example in the large newspapers Helsingin Sanomat and Ilta-Sanomat.^[77] Greenpeace replied that the tree had fallen down because of the protective forest around it had been clearcut, and that they wanted to highlight the fate of old forests in general, not the fate of one particular tree.^[78] Greenpeace also highlighted that Metsähallitus admitted the value of the forest afterwards as Metsähallitus currently refers to Koitajoki as a distinctive area because of its old growth forests.^[79][80]

The 'Tokyo Two'[link]

In 2008, two Greenpeace anti-whaling activists, Junichi Sato and Toru Suzuki, stole a case of whale meat from a delivery depot in Aomori prefecture, Japan. Their intention was to expose what they considered embezzlement of the meat collected during whale hunts. After a brief investigation of their allegations was ended, Sato and Suzuki were arrested and charged with theft and trespass.^[81] Amnesty International said that the arrests and following raids on Greenpeace Japan office and homes of five of Greenpeace staff members were aimed at intimidating activists and non-governmental organizations.^[82] They were convicted of theft and trespass in September 2010 by the Aomori district court.

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)[link]

Greenpeace has also supported the rejection of GM food from the US in famine-stricken Zambia as long as supplies of non-genetically engineered grain exist, stating that the US "should follow in the European Union's footsteps and allow aid recipients to choose their food aid, buying it locally if they wish. This practise can stimulate developing economies and creates more robust food security", adding that, "if Africans truly have no other alternative, the controversial GE maize should be milled so it can't be planted. It was this condition that allowed Zambia's neighbours Zimbabwe and Malawi to accept it."^[83] After Zambia banned all GM food aid, the former agricultural minister of Zambia criticized, "how the various international NGOs that have spoken approvingly of the government's action will square the body count with their various consciences."^[84] Concerning the decision of Zambia, Greenpeace has stated that, "it was obvious to us that if no non-GM aid was being offered then they should absolutely accept GM food aid. But the Zambian government decided to refuse the GM food. We offered our opinion to the Zambian government and, as many governments do, they disregarded our advice."^[85]

Greenpeace on golden rice[link]

Greenpeace opposes the planned use of golden rice, a variety of Oryza sativa rice produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of pro-vitamin A in the edible parts of rice. According to Greenpeace, golden rice has not managed to do anything about malnutrition for 10 years during which alternative methods are already tackling malnutrition. The alternative proposed by Greenpeace is to discourage mono-cropping and to increase production of crops which are naturally nutrient-rich (containing other nutrients not found in golden rice in addition to beta-carotene). Greenpeace argues that resources should be spent on programs that are already working and helping to relieve malnutrition.^[86] The Golden Rice Project acknowledges that, "While the most desirable option is a varied and sufficient diet, this goal is not always achievable, at least not in the short term."^[87]

The renewal of these concerns coincided with the publication of a paper in the journal Nature about a version of golden rice with much higher levels of beta carotene.^[88] This "golden rice 2" was developed and patented by Syngenta, which provoked Greenpeace to renew its allegation that the project is driven by profit motives.^[89] Dr. C.S. Prakash, who is the director of the Center for Plant Biotechnology Research at Tuskegee University and is president of the AgBioWorld Foundation expressed the opinion that, "[c]ritics condemned biotechnology as something that is purely for profit, that is being pursued only in the West, and with no benefits to the consumer. Golden Rice proves them wrong, so they need to discredit it any way they can."^[90]

Although Greenpeace had admitted efficiency to be its primary concern, as early as 2001,^[91] statements from March and April 2005 also continued to express concern over human health and environmental safety^[92][93] Greenpeace has opposed releasing golden rice to fields as opposed to farming in greenhouses, which according to golden rice developer Ingo Potrykus, limits the amount of material needed for human safety testing.^[94]

Toxics[link]

In July 2011, Greenpeace released its Dirty Laundry report accusing some of the world's top fashion and sportswear brands of releasing toxic waste into China's rivers.^[95] The report profiles the problem of water pollution resulting from the release of toxic chemicals associated with the country's textile industry. Investigations focused on wastewater discharges from two facilities in China; one belonging to the Youngor Group located on the Yangtze River Delta and the other to Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. located on a tributary of the Pearl River Delta. Scientific analysis of samples from both facilities revealed the presence of hazardous and persistent hormone disruptor chemicals, including alkylphenols, perfluorinated compounds and perfluorooctane sulfonate.

The report goes on to assert that the Youngor Group and Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. - the two companies behind the facilities - have commercial relationships with a range of major clothing brands, including Abercrombie & Fitch, Adidas, Bauer Hockey, Calvin Klein, Converse (shoe company), Cortefiel, H&M, Lacoste, Li Ning (company), Metersbonwe Group, Nike, Phillips-Van Heusen and Puma AG.

Organizational structure[link]

Governance[link]

Greenpeace consists of Greenpeace International (officially Stichting Greenpeace Council) based in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and 28 regional offices operating in 45 countries.^[96] The regional offices work largely autonomously under the supervision of Greenpeace International. The executive director of Greenpeace is elected by the board members of Greenpeace International. The current director of Greenpeace International is Kumi Naidoo and the current Chair of the Board is Lalita Ramdas.^[97][98] Greenpeace has a staff of 2,400^[5] and 15,000 volunteers globally.^[99]

Each regional office is led by a regional executive director elected by the regional board of directors. The regional boards also appoint a trustee to The Greenpeace International Annual General Meeting, where the trustees elect or remove the board of directors of Greenpeace International. The role of the annual general meeting is also to discuss and decide the overall principles and strategically important issues for Greenpeace in collaboration with the trustees of regional offices and Greenpeace International board of directors.^[100]

Funding[link]

Greenpeace receives its funding from individual supporters and foundations.^[3][4] Greenpeace screens all major donations in order to ensure it does not receive unwanted donations.^[101] The organization does not accept money from governments, intergovernmental organizations, political parties or corporations in order to avoid their influence.^[3][4][101] Donations from foundations which are funded by political parties or receive most of their funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations are rejected. Foundation donations are also rejected if the foundations attach unreasonable conditions, restrictions or constraints on Greenpeace activities or if the donation would compromise the independence and aims of Greenpeace.^[101] Since in the mid-1990s the number of supporters started to decrease, Greenpeace pioneered the use of face-to-face fundraising where fundraisers actively seek new supporters at public places, subscribing them for a monthly direct debit donation.^[102][103] In 2008, most of the €202.5 million received by the organization was donated by about 2.6 million regular supporters, mainly from Europe.^[5]

In September 2003, the Public Interest Watch (PIW) complained to the Internal Revenue Service, claiming that Greenpeace USA tax returns were inaccurate and in violation of the law.^[104] PIW charged that Greenpeace was using non-profit donations for advocacy instead of charity and educational purposes. PIW asked the IRS to investigate the complaint. Greenpeace rejected the accusations and challenged PIW to disclose its funders, a request rejected by then-Executive Director of PIW, Mike Hardiman, because PIW does not have 501c3 tax exempt status like Greenpeace does in the U.S.^[105] The IRS conducted an extensive review and concluded in December 2005 that Greenpeace USA continued to qualify for its tax-exempt status. In March 2006 The Wall Street Journal reported that PIW had been funded by ExxonMobil prior to PIW's request to investigate Greenpeace.^[106]

Ships[link]

Since Greenpeace was founded, seagoing ships have played a vital role in its campaigns. Now that the Rainbow Warrior III has been completed, the group has three ocean-going ships, the Esperanza, Arctic Sunrise and Rainbow Warrior III.^[107]

[edit] The first Rainbow Warrior

In 1978, Greenpeace launched the original Rainbow Warrior, a 40-metre (130 ft), former fishing trawler named for the Cree legend that inspired early activist Robert Hunter on the first voyage to Amchitka. Greenpeace purchased the Rainbow Warrior (originally launched as the Sir William Hardy in 1955) at a cost of £40,000. Volunteers restored and refitted it over a period of four months. First deployed to disrupt the hunt of the Icelandic whaling fleet, the Rainbow Warrior would quickly become a mainstay of Greenpeace campaigns. Between 1978 and 1985, crew members also engaged in direct action against the ocean-dumping of toxic and radioactive waste, the Grey Seal hunt in Orkney and nuclear testing in the Pacific. Japan's Fisheries Agency has labeled Greenpeace ships as "anti-whaling vessels" and "environmental terrorists".^[108] In May 1985, the vessel was instrumental for 'Operation Exodus', the evacuation of about 300 Rongelap Atoll islanders whose home had been contaminated with nuclear fallout from a US nuclear test two decades ago which had never been cleaned up and was still having severe health effects on the locals.^[109]

Later in 1985 the Rainbow Warrior was to lead a flotilla of protest vessels into the waters surrounding Moruroa atoll, site of French nuclear testing. The sinking of the Rainbow Warrior occurred when the French government secretly bombed the ship in Auckland harbour on orders from François Mitterrand himself. This killed Dutch freelance photographer Fernando Pereira, who thought it was safe to enter the boat to get his photographic material after a first small explosion, but drowned as a result of a second, larger explosion. The attack was a public relations disaster for France after it was quickly exposed by the New Zealand police. The French Government in 1987 agreed to pay New Zealand compensation of NZ$13 million and formally apologised for the bombing. The French Government also paid ₣2.3 million compensation to the family of the photographer.

[edit] The second Rainbow Warrior

In 1989 Greenpeace commissioned a replacement vessel, also named the Rainbow Warrior (also referred as Rainbow Warrior II), which was retired from service on the 16th of August 2011 to be replaced by the third Rainbow Warrior. In 2005 the Rainbow Warrior II ran aground on and damaged the Tubbataha Reef in the Philippines while inspecting the reef for coral bleaching. Greenpeace was fined US$7,000 for damaging the reef and agreed to pay the fine saying they felt responsible for the damage, although Greenpeace stated that the Philippines government had given it outdated charts. The park manager of Tubbataha appreciated the quick action Greenpeace took to assess the damage to the reef.^[110] .

Other vessels[link]

Along with the Rainbow Warriors, Greenpeace has had several other ships in its service: MV Sirius, MV Solo, MV Greenpeace, MV Arctic Sunrise and MV Esperanza, the last two being in service today.

Reactions and responses to Greenpeace activities[link]

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (July 2011)

Lawsuits have been filed against Greenpeace for lost profits,^[111] reputation damage^[112] and "sailor mongering".^[113] In 2004 it was revealed that the Australian government was willing to offer a subsidy to Southern Pacific Petroleum on the condition that the oil company would take legal action against Greenpeace, which had campaigned against the Stuart Oil Shale Project.^[114]

Some corporations, such as Royal Dutch Shell, BP and Électricité de France have reacted to Greenpeace campaigns by spying on Greenpeace activities and infiltrating Greenpeace offices.^[115][116] Greenpeace activists have also been targets of phone tapping, death threats, violence^[28] and even state terrorism in the case of bombing of the Rainbow Warrior.^[117][118]

Criticism[link]

Early Greenpeace member Canadian Ecologist Patrick Moore left the organization in 1986 when it, according to Moore, decided to support a universal ban on chlorine^[119] in drinking water.^[21] Moore has argued that Greenpeace today is motivated by politics rather than science and that none of his "fellow directors had any formal science education".^[21] Bruce Cox, Director of Greenpeace Canada, responded that Greenpeace has never demanded a universal chlorine ban and that Greenpeace does not oppose use of chlorine in drinking water or in pharmaceutical uses, adding that "Mr. Moore is alone in his recollection of a fight over chlorine and/or use of science as his reason for leaving Greenpeace."^[120] Paul Watson, an early member of Greenpeace has said that Moore "uses his status as a so-called co-founder of Greenpeace to give credibility to his accusations. I am also a co-founder of Greenpeace and I have known Patrick Moore for 35 years.[...] Moore makes accusations that have no basis in fact".^[121]

A French journalist under the pen name Olivier Vermont wrote in his book La Face cachée de Greenpeace ("The Hidden Face of Greenpeace") that he had joined Greenpeace France and had worked there as a secretary. According to Vermont he found misconduct, and continued to find it, from Amsterdam to the International office. Vermont said he found classified documents^[122] according to which half of the organization's € 180 million revenue was used for the organization's salaries and structure. He also accused Greenpeace of having unofficial agreements with polluting companies where the companies paid Greenpeace to keep them from attacking the company's image.^[123] Animal protection magazine Animal People reported in March 1997 that Greenpeace France and Greenpeace International had sued Olivier Vermont and his publisher Albin Michel for issuing "defamatory statements, untruths, distortions of the facts and absurd allegations".^[124]

Writing in Cosmos, journalist Wilson da Silva reacted to Greenpeace's destruction of a genetically modified wheat crop in Ginninderra as another sign that the organization has "lost its way" and had degenerated into a "sad, dogmatic, reactionary phalanx of anti-science zealots who care not for evidence, but for publicity".^[125]

Local greenpeaces[link]

Greenpeace Chile[link]

In Chile, the organization is affiliated as "Greenpeace Chile" was founded in 1981 and is a government recognized NGO there.^[126]

Greenpeace East Asia[link]

Greenpeace East Asia's first China office was opened in Hong Kong in 1997. Headquartered in Beijing, the office now campaigns in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea.^[127]

See also[link]

• European Renewable Energy Council
• Fund for Wild Nature
• Civil disobedience
• World Wide Fund for Nature

References[link]

Further reading[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Greenpeace

Wikinews has related news: Greenpeace

• Official website
• Greenpeace.mobi: Official mobile homepage
• FBI file on Greenpeace

v t e Greenpeace People Kumi Naidoo Irving Stowe Ben Metcalfe Paul Watson Rex Weyler Jim Bohlen William E. (Will) Jackson Patrick Moore John Sauven Andy Stirling Stephen Tindale Phil Radford Jean McSorley Dorothy Stowe Peter Willcox Fernando Pereira Daniel Beltra Ships Rainbow Warrior (I) Rainbow Warrior (II) Rainbow Warrior (III) MV Esperanza MV Arctic Sunrise MV Sirius MV Solo MV Greenpeace Yellow Thing Regional offices Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand Greenpeace Australia Pacific Greenpeace China Greenpeace Southeast Asia Related organizations Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Greenpeace Foundation London Greenpeace Don't Make a Wave Committee

v t e Sustainability Philosophy and definition Ecological modernization Environmentalism Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Stewardship Sustainable development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Ecological footprint Ethical consumerism Over-consumption Simple living Sustainability advertising Sustainability brand Sustainability marketing myopia Sustainable consumption Systemic change resistance Tragedy of the commons Population Birth control Family planning Human population control Overpopulation Zero population growth Technology Appropriate technology Environmental technology   Resources and conservation Biodiversity Biosecurity Biosphere Conservation biology Endangered species Holocene extinction Invasive species Energy Carbon footprint Climate change mitigation Efficient energy use Emissions trading Energy conservation Energy descent Peak oil Renewable energy Food Food security Forest gardening Local food Permaculture Sustainable agriculture Sustainable fishery Urban horticulture Materials Industrial ecology Recycling Waste Zero waste Water Conservation Crisis Efficiency Footprint   Disciplines and activities Disciplines Accounting Measurement Metrics and indices Reporting Science Standards and certification Yield Activities Advertising Architecture Art Business City drainage systems infrastructure Community Design Education Fashion Gardening Landscape architecture Living Industries Marketing Organizations practices Packaging Procurement Tourism Transport Environmental Biotechnology Chemistry Design Economics Engineering Ethics History Law Psychology Science Sociology Management Environmental Fisheries Forest Planetary   International reports and agreements UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972) Brundtlandt Commission Report, 1983 Our Common Future, 1987 Earth Summit (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Agenda 21 (1992) Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) ICPD Programme of Action (1994) Earth Charter Lisbon Principles UN Millennium Declaration (2000) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)   Lists and glossaries Lists Conservation issues Environmental health hazards Environmental issues Environmental organizations Environmental studies topics Environmental topics Global sustainability statistics International environmental agreements Glossaries and indices Glossary of climate change Glossary of environmental science Index of climate change articles Index of conservation articles Outline of sustainability Category Portal

Kumi Naidoo
Kumi Naidoo at climate change protest in Copenhagen, Denmark. December 2009.
Occupation	International Executive Director of Greenpeace

Kumi Naidoo (born 1965) is a South African human rights activist and the International Executive Director of international environmentalist group, Greenpeace.^[1][2] He is the first African to head the organisation.^[2]

After battling apartheid in South Africa in the 1970s and 1980s through the Helping Hands Youth Organisation, Naidoo led global campaigns to end poverty and protect human rights. He has served as the secretary-general of the Global Call to Action Against Poverty.

Recently, he has led the Global Campaign for Climate Action (Tcktcktck.org), which brings together environmental, aid, religious and human rights groups, labor unions, scientists and others and has organized mass demonstrations around climate negotiations.^{[citation needed]}

Naidoo has one 17-year old daughter; Naomi Naidoo.^[3]

In June 2011, Kumi Naidoo spent four days in a Greenlandic prison after scaling an oil platform owned by Cairn Energy, as part of Greenpeace's "Go Beyond Oil" campaign. He was deported to Denmark where he spent a short time in Danish custody before being released in Amsterdam, Netherlands.^[4]

Early activism[link]

Born in South Africa, Naidoo became very involved his country's liberation struggle at the age of 15. As a result of his anti-apartheid activities, he was expelled from high school. He was very involved in neighborhood organizing, youth work in his community, and mass mobilizations against the apartheid regime.

During the apartheid government, Naidoo was arrested several times and was charged for violating provisions against mass mobilisation, civil disobedience and for violating the state of emergency. This led him to having to go underground before finally deciding to live in exile in England. During this time he was a Rhodes scholar at Oxford University and earned a doctorate (D.Phil.) in political sociology.

References [link]

External links [link]

• Thought Economics interviews Kumi Naidoo – Naidoo looks at the profound issues affecting our earth, including energy and climate change, food security, oceans, forests, international trade, economics and the structure of society.
• Annie Kelly interviews social justice campaigner Kumi Naidoo (Guardian)
• Kumi Naidoo of Greenpeace on Obama’s Peace Prize, Obama’s War, Copenhagen and Climate Debt – video report by Democracy Now!
• Naidoo: Climate Justice Movement Must Intensify Efforts Ahead of 2011 Climate Talks in South Africa
• Elements in the FBI and Pentagon consider climate change a great threat to world peace, Kumi Naidoo's Interview with OneWorld South Asia

v t e Greenpeace People Kumi Naidoo Irving Stowe Ben Metcalfe Paul Watson Rex Weyler Jim Bohlen William E. (Will) Jackson Patrick Moore John Sauven Andy Stirling Stephen Tindale Phil Radford Jean McSorley Dorothy Stowe Peter Willcox Fernando Pereira Daniel Beltra Ships Rainbow Warrior (I) Rainbow Warrior (II) Rainbow Warrior (III) MV Esperanza MV Arctic Sunrise MV Sirius MV Solo MV Greenpeace Yellow Thing Regional offices Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand Greenpeace Australia Pacific Greenpeace China Greenpeace Southeast Asia Related organizations Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Greenpeace Foundation London Greenpeace Don't Make a Wave Committee

Persondata
Name
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1965
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

Dub FX
Dub FX & Flower Fairy at the Download Open Air Festival Zvolen Slovakia 2009
Background information
Birth name	Benjamin Stanford
Born	(1983-06-11) 11 June 1983 (age 29)
Origin	St Kilda, Melbourne, Australia
Genres	Beatboxing, dub, reggae, hip hop music, dubstep, pop music
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, vocalist, record producer
Instruments	Vocals, Beatbox, Loop Station, Effects Pedal
Years active	2005 – present
Labels	Convoyun.ltd
Associated acts	Flower Fairy, Mr. Woodnote, CAde, Kila mega giga tera, Sirius
Website	Official site

Dub FX (real name Benjamin Stanford) is a worldwide street performer and studio recording artist from St Kilda, Melbourne, Australia.^[1] After playing and singing in a band called Twitch, he set out solo when he moved to Europe. His trademark is creating rich live music using only his own performance aided by Live looping and effect pedals combined with his voice.^[2][3] He creates intricate hip hop, reggae and drum and bass rhythms.^[2]

Contents 1 Partner 2 Music 3 Discography 4 References 5 External links

Partner[link]

Stanford travels and performs with his fiancée, Flower Fairy.^[1][4] Dub FX first met her in Manchester, and she joined him in his travels around the globe to busk for the public. Flower Fairy can usually be seen selling CDs during Dub FX's performances and also performs a few songs alongside Stanford. She is featured singing in the songs on Everythinks A Ripple, Wandering Love, and Time Will Tell.

Two songs from Everythinks A Ripple, Flow and Wandering Love, feature a street saxophonist named Mr Woodnote, who also uses similar looping techniques as Dub FX using a saxophone.

In 2010 Dub FX collaborated with Melbourne based producer Sirius and released the album titled: Dub FX and Sirius -A crossworlds. A Crossworlds could be defined as dubstep because of the heavy emphasis on sub frequencies and the tempo's used ranging from 138 - 145Bpm. Dub FX does not beatbox on this album. Any information on how Dub Fx and Sirius came to collaborate or meet is unknown.^[5]

Dub FX is also part of the dubstep act Kila Mega Giga Tera, the other half being Glade Kettle (Distro)(aka Sirius) They have one song release to date on aquatic lab sessions volume 1. A CD and limited edition vinyl compilation released in 2009. Kila Mega Giga Tera also have a forthcoming album^[6] which is yet to surface.

Music[link]

Dub FX is completely independent using only: live performance, word of mouth, internet social networking and a number of easily accessible free samples. Dub FX is also the main founder of the label Convoyun.ltd which could be described as a co-op label for Dub FX's own work and other people's.^[2] To date artists that have released albums on Convoyunltd are: Flower Fairy, Sirius, Mr Woodnote, and Dub FX. With additional featured artists on separate songs of each album. Every album released through Convoy Un.Ltd has been produced by Dub FX with the exception for Dub FX & Sirius's release, A Crossworlds, a collaboration album released in 2010 which revealed a much darker and instrumental sound.^[7]

His lyrics both address generalized world events and contemporary angst while suggesting individual based revolution through self determination and engagement.

He also addresses issues of social importance, the most notable example being the song "Society's Gates", loosely based on the life of the philosopher Socrates.

Discography[link]

• Everythinks a Ripple is the first Dub FX studio album. The promotional material says "all sounds on the album were created with his voice using a Roland effects & loop pedal."^[8]
• 2007: Live in the Street is a collection of live street performances performed in various countries.

Featured in the song KMGT - Subsonic^[9] on Aquatic Lab Sessions Vol 1 Track 10^[10]

• 2010: A Crossworlds' is a collaboration album featuring 17 new tracks all produced, mixed and mastered by Dub FX and Sirius.^[5][2]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Dub FX at MySpace
• Dub FX at Twitter
• Dub FX at Facebook

Persondata
Name	Dub FX
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	11 June 1983
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

Rex Weyler
File:Rex Weyler2.jpg
Born	(1947-09-10) 10 September 1947 (age 64) Denver, Colorado, United States
Occupation	Author, Journalist, Ecologist
Genres	Essays, News, Non-fiction
www.rexweyler.com

Rex Weyler (born September 10, 1947) is an American / Canadian author, journalist and ecologist. He has worked as a writer, editor, and publisher at newspapers and magazines, and occasionally as a commentator on Canadian television. In the 1970s, Weyler served as a director of the original Greenpeace Foundation, and as campaign photographer and publisher of the Greenpeace Chronicles. He was a cofounder of Greenpeace International in 1979.^[1]

Weyler is the author of books on native rights (Blood of the Land), Greenpeace history (Greenpeace: The Inside Story) and religious commentary (The Jesus Sayings: A Quest for His Authentic Message). In the 1990s, he coauthored a U.S. patent for music tuning software and co-founded Justonic Tuning Inc. with his partner Bill Gannon, to develop and market the product.^[2] He works as a freelance journalist, appearing in print, broadcast, and on the Internet.

Contents 1 Life and education 2 Journalism 3 Greenpeace 4 Books by Rex Weyler 5 Selected articles and essays 6 Film appearances 7 Awards and honours 8 Notes 9 Additional reading 10 External links

Life and education[link]

Weyler was born in Denver, Colorado, September 10, 1947, to Jack Richardson Weyler, a petroleum geologist, and Joanne (Goodwin) Weyler, both from Santa Barbara, California.

Weyler attended Herbert Hoover Elementary School in Tulsa, Oklahoma; Rosco C. Hill Middle School in Denver, Colorado; and Robert E. Lee High School (Midland, Texas). He attended high school with future first lady Laura Welch Bush and future US Army General Tommy Franks. (See Tell Laura I Love Her for a memoir of Midland, Texas, c. 1963-66.^[3]) Weyler graduated from Lee High School in 1966.

Weyler studied theoretical physics, mathematics, engineering, and history at Occidental College in Los Angeles, California.

In 1969, Weyler and 41 fellow students were suspended for a semester from Occidental College for staging a sit-in opposing U.S. military recruiters on the campus. The 42 students were charged with “disrupting the normal operating procedures of the college,” and convicted by an administration-teacher-student discipline body. Weyler never returned to university, but traveled internationally and published his first book in 1969 with photographer David Totheroh, I Took a Walk Today, a pacifist discourse with photographs from a winter in California’s Yosemite Valley.

Thirty-six years later, on April 5, 2005, the Urban Environmental Policy Center on the Occidental College campus awarded Weyler and Dennis Zane, a fellow student organizer, the Alumni Community Action Award^[4] for their lifetime achievements in peace, ecology, and social justice.

Family: Rex Weyler has three siblings. He married Glenn Jonathans in Nijmegen, Netherlands in 1971 and immigrated to Canada in 1972. Weyler and Jonathans divorced in 1980. Weyler married Lisa Gibbons^[5] in 1991. They now live in Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Lisa Gibbons is an artist and special-needs youth educator. Weyler and Gibbons have 3 sons and are also foster parents, active in the BC Federation of Foster Parents.^[6]

Journalism[link]

• 1973 with the North Shore News in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, first as a photographer and reporter and later as Editor and Associate Publisher.

• 1975 and 1980, Weyler co-founded and served as publisher and editor of the original Greenpeace Chronicles newspaper.^[7] It was one of the first international environmental publications, with stories by writers Robert Hunter, Paul Watson, John Lilly^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Kitty Tucker, Ben Metcalfe, and David Garrick, and art and cartoons by cartoonists Ralph Steadman^[8] and Ron Cobb.

• 1979 and 1982, Weyler served variously as publisher and writer for the Boston-based New Age Journal. He was prominent^[9] among the editors and writers of Rick Fields's popular Zen-oriented self-help book Chop Wood, Carry Water: Finding Spiritual Fulfillment in Everyday Life (Tarcher, 1984).

• 1998, Weyler and Joel Solomon formed a company to purchase and publish Shared Vision Magazine in Vancouver, B.C. Weyler served as publisher and editor until 2001. They sold the magazine in 2002 to Dragonfly Media. Weyler maintained his monthly column in Shared Vision until 2004 and as of 2008^[update] serves as Editor-at-Large.^[10]

• 2007, Weyler founded the Institute for Citizen Journalism ^[11] to broaden input to international media.

As of 2007^[update] Weyler appears regularly online in The Tyee.^[12] He has appeared on CBC, BBC, Air America Radio, and other radio networks with commentary on ecology and current events. His stories and photographs have appeared in the Utne Reader, New York Times, National Geographic, The Liberal, and other journals.

Greenpeace[link]

Between 1973 and 1982, Weyler served as a director of the original Greenpeace Foundation, campaign photographer and reporter, and as editor of the Greenpeace Chronicles magazine. He was a co-founder of Greenpeace International in 1979.^[1]

In 1975, Weyler sailed on the first Greenpeace whale campaign. His photographs and news accounts of the early campaigns appeared in National Geographic, Smithsonian, New York Times Magazine, and other publications worldwide. His photographs^[13] recorded early whale and seal campaigns of Greenpeace.

He is the author of a history of the first decade of Greenpeace, Greenpeace: The Inside Story (Raincoast, Rodale, 2004).^[14]

Since leaving Greenpeace in 1982, Weyler has remained active in environmental and peace issues. In 1991, he helped draft dioxin emission levels for pulp mills in British Columbia. In 2006, he served as Program Coordinator for World Peace Forum 2006.^[15]

Weyler is featured in the documentary, Greenpeace: Making a Stand,^[16] a history of Greenpeace, including a dramatic modern campaign in Argentina that preserved the forest homeland of the Wichi Indians, threatened by industrial soy plantations.

See Founders of Greenpeace,^[17] a list of Characters^[18] in the Greenpeace history, and the Chronology^[19] of the founding of Greenpeace.

Books by Rex Weyler[link]

• Weyler, Rex (2008) The Jesus Sayings: A Quest for His Authentic Message (House of Anansi Press, 2008): a book about Jesus' message and his mission.
• Weyler, Rex (2004) Greenpeace: The Inside Story (Raincoast Books, Rodale, 2004): the history of the founding of Greenpeace in Vancouver, Canada, and the first decade of the organization. [Also: Greenpeace: An Insider’s Account (UK); and Greenpeace: How a Group of Ecologists, Journalists, and Visionaries Changed the World (US).] Finalist, Shaughnessy-Cohen Award for Political Writing, 2004.
• Weyler, Rex with Bill Gannon (1995) The Story of Harmony (Justonic Tuning Inc., 1995): The history of music technology, from Chinese bamboo to computer software, particularly the history of pure harmonic music, tempered keyboards, and computer solutions to the problem of pure, just intonation of harmony.
• Weyler, Rex (1986) Song of the Whale (Doubleday, 1986): The whale research of Dr. Paul Spong, and the Greenpeace campaign to stop international whaling
• Weyler, Rex with Rick Fields, Peggy Taylor, Rick Ingrasci (1984) Chop Wood, Carry Water: Finding Spiritual Fulfillment in Everyday Life (Tarcher); a book about the world’s spiritual traditions applied to modern life.
• Weyler, Rex (1982) Blood of the Land (Everest House, 1982; New Society Publishers, 1992): A history of the American Indian Movement and the Leonard Peltier case.
• Weyler, Rex with Robert Hunter (1978) To Save a Whale, photographs and commentary from the early Greenpeace whale campaigns (Chronicle Books).
• Weyler, Rex with Daphne Marlatt and Robert Minden (1975) Steveston Recollected, photographs and oral history of Japanese Community in British Columbia (UBC, Provincial Archives, out of print).
• Weyler, Rex with David Totheroh (1969), I Took a Walk Today, anti-war commentary and nature photographs (1969, out of print)

Rex Weyler has made contributions to: The Power of the People, ed. Robert Cooney and Helen Michalowski (New Society Publishers, 1987); Beyond Hypnosis by Dr. Lee Pulos (Omega Press, San Francisco, 1990); Shorelines (Kingfisher Press, B.C., 1995); Witness, Twenty-five Years on the Environmental Front Line (Andre Deutsch, London, 1996); Greenpeace: Changing the World, ed. Conny Boettger, Fouad Hamdan (Rasch & Röhring, 2001); The Book of Letters: 150 Years of Private Canadian Correspondence, by Paul and Audrey Grescoe (Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 2002).

Selected articles and essays[link]

• Green Spin: Are We Gaining Ground or Blowing Smoke (2006)–Critique of the “green consumer, and environmental hype.
• Somalia: Free Market Wasteland (2004)–who is dumping toxic waste off the coast of Somalia?
• Delivering ‘Framed’ John Graham (2007)–US attempts to extradite Canadian Tuchone native
• Holy Blood, with Fries (2006)–Mary Magdalene gets skewered by Popes, Nazis, and a pop fiction writer.
• The No-Conspiracy Theory (2003)–Assassinations, plots, and larceny on the world stage
• Why Are We Still Hunting Seals? (2005)–Critique of Canadian Harp seal hunt
• Greenpeace Gets a Name (2004)–The 1970 founding of Greenpeace in Vancouver
• Bob Hunter 1941–2005: A Unique Genius (2005)–memoir of Greenpeace co-founder Robert L. Hunter.
• How To Change The World (2007), Vancouver Sun, citizen action leads social movements
• Ordinary Courage (2007)–Weyler’s Earth-Day Sermon, Unitarian Church, Vancouver
• Tell Laura I Love Her (2004)–Life in Midland, Texas in the 1960s, and a reunion decades later
• Freedom: Baba Olatunji, 1927 - 2003 (2003)
• Weyler articles, essays on The Tyee
• Weyler essays reprinted on rexweyler.com

Film appearances[link]

Greenpeace: Making a Stand (2006) television documentary adaptation of Weyler’s book, Greenpeace: the Inside Story, following on a campaign in Argentina. Omni Films, Leigh Badgley producer; premiere on Global television, Canada, 2006.

Sharkwater, feature documentary by Rob Stewart, 2007; Rex Weyler appears as an environmental expert.

American Warriors, produced by Alison Maclean, Tomboy Productions, 2005; Weyler appears as an author of native American history, featuring his book Blood of the Land.

Icons of the Green Movement -- Greenpeace Co-Founder Rex Weyler, Petra Kelly's Legacy, Ralph Nader & Matt Gonzalez ; produced by Justice Vision and Democracy University, 2005.

Awards and honours[link]

• Finalist, Shaughnessy-Cohen Award for Political Writing; 2004.^[20]
• Publishers Weekly, “Best Books of 2004,” Greenpeace: The Inside Story.^[21]
• Finalist, Hubert Evans Award for Non-Fiction, BC Book Awards, 2004.^[22]
• Alumni Community Action Award,^[23] Urban Environmental Policy Center, Los Angeles, April 2005.

Notes[link]

Additional reading[link]

• Vancouver Observer, text of Rex Weyler’s Earth Day speech, “Ordinary Courage”
• Who Killed Anna Mae? (2005)–on John Graham Defense Committee site, original from the Vancouver Sun; Indian movement, FBI, informants, and murder charges.
• The World According To Rex Weyler, Interview, The Independent (London), Oct 5, 2004
• Rex Weyler Interview, Gauntlet, University of Calgary, 2004
• Pieces of Green, Matt Nippert, New Zealand Listener, November 20, 2004
• Pirates vs. Patriots, Conscious Choice (2004)–US targets environmental groups for special prosecution, forestry activists charged with “sailor mongering.”
• Greenpeace International, “Movements, Memes, and Mindbombs,” (2004)–Weyler discusses Saul Alinsky, Gandhi, protest tactics, and media strategies.
• Waves of Compassion, Utne Reader (2003)–Greenpeace history, the founders and early campaigns
• Weyler on Intentblog– postings on the Deepak Chopra blog site
• “Due Process,” Excerpt, Blood of the Land, at FreePeltier.org
• “State of Siege,” Excerpt, Blood of the Land, at FreePeltier.org
• “Who Goes There,” Excerpt, Greenpeace: The Inside Story

External links[link]

• Rex Weyler's Official Website
• House of Anansi Press - Weyler, author,
• Raincoast Books - Weyler, author,
• Institute for Citizen Journalism, John Graham case
• Institute for Citizen Journalism
• Greenpeace International
• Rex Weyler, photo downloads, Raincoast Books

v t e Greenpeace People Kumi Naidoo Irving Stowe Ben Metcalfe Paul Watson Rex Weyler Jim Bohlen William E. (Will) Jackson Patrick Moore John Sauven Andy Stirling Stephen Tindale Phil Radford Jean McSorley Dorothy Stowe Peter Willcox Fernando Pereira Daniel Beltra Ships Rainbow Warrior (I) Rainbow Warrior (II) Rainbow Warrior (III) MV Esperanza MV Arctic Sunrise MV Sirius MV Solo MV Greenpeace Yellow Thing Regional offices Greenpeace Aotearoa New Zealand Greenpeace Australia Pacific Greenpeace China Greenpeace Southeast Asia Related organizations Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Greenpeace Foundation London Greenpeace Don't Make a Wave Committee

Persondata
Name	Weyler, Rex
Alternative names
Short description	American / Canadian author, journalist and ecologist
Date of birth	10 September 1947
Place of birth	Denver, Colorado
Date of death
Place of death