- published: 12 Oct 2012
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- author: TheNewYorkTimes
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Andre Marrou
Andre Verne Marrou (born December 4, 1938) is an American political figure, affiliated with the Libertarian Party. He was that party's presidential nominee in 1992 and its vice-presidential nominee in 1988. He was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1984.
Born in Nixon, Texas, Marrou graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1962. He is the brother of American television news personality and Judge Chris Marrou.
Marrou first ran for the Alaska House of Representatives in 1982, placing second in a three-way race. He was then elected to the House in 1984. One of twelve Libertarians to be elected to a state legislature, Marrou served for one term, from 1985 to 1987. Running for reelection in 1986, he would lose to Claude E. "Swack" Swackhammer, a former Alaska State Trooper. Marrou left Alaska following his 1986 defeat and moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he worked as a real estate broker.
Marrou was the Libertarian vice-presidential nominee in the 1988 election; on the ballot in 46 states and the District of Columbia,U.S. Congressman Ron Paul and Marrou placed third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%), behind George H.W. Bush and Michael Dukakis. Paul and Marrou were kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called a "technicality".
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Baltimore
Baltimore (
/ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
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Camp Bondsteel
Camp Bondsteel is the main base of the United States Army under KFOR command in Kosovo. Located near Uroševac in the eastern part of Kosovo, the base serves as the NATO headquarters for KFOR's Multinational Brigade East (MNBG-E). The base is named after Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipient United States Army Staff Sergeant James L. Bondsteel.
Camp Bondsteel was constructed by the 94th Engineer Construction Battalion, 568 Combat Support Engineer Company together with the private Kellogg, Brown and Root Corporation (KBR) under the direction of the Army Corps of Engineers. KBR is also the prime contractor for the operation of the camp. The camp is built mainly of wooden, semi permanent SEA (South East Asia) huts and is surrounded by a 2.5 m (8.2 ft) high earthen wall. The camp occupies 955 acres (3.86 km2) of land. To construct the base, two hills were flattened and the valley between them was filled. In August 1999, 52 helipads were constructed on the facility's south perimeter to handle helicopter aviation.
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CNBC
Coordinates: 40°53′55″N 73°56′21″W / 40.89861°N 73.93917°W / 40.89861; -73.93917
CNBC (officially the Consumer News and Business Channel until 1991) is a satellite and cable television business news channel in the U.S., owned and operated by NBCUniversal. The network and its international spinoffs cover business headlines and provide live coverage of financial markets. The combined reach of CNBC and its siblings is 390 million viewers around the world. In 2007, the network was ranked as the 19th most valuable cable channel in the U.S., worth roughly $4 billion. It is headquartered in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
The CNBC channel had its beginnings around 1980 as the Satellite Program Network (SPN), showing a low-budget mix of old movies, instructional and entertainment programs. The channel later changed its name to Tempo Television. After initially signing a letter of intent to acquire Tempo,NBC eventually opted for a deal to lease the channel's transponder in June 1988. On this platform, and under the guidance of Tom Rogers, the channel was relaunched on April 17, 1989 as the Consumer News and Business Channel. NBC and Cablevision initially operated CNBC as a 50-50 joint venture, choosing to headquarter the channel in Fort Lee, New Jersey.
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Cornell University
Cornell University ( /kɔrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL) is a private Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge—from the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's motto, a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."
The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus, with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy. The university also administers two satellite medical campuses, one in New York City and one in Education City, Qatar. Cornell is one of two private land grant universities, and its seven undergraduate colleges include three private, state-supported statutory or contract colleges. As a land grant college, it also operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York.
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County Londonderry
County Londonderry or County Derry is one of the six counties of Northern Ireland. Adjoined to the north-west shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of 2,074 km², with a population of approximately 233,550. It is also one of the thirty-two traditional counties of Ireland, lying within the historical province of Ulster.
Since 1981, it has become one of four counties in Northern Ireland that has a Catholic majority (55.56% according to the 2001 Census), with 57% of the Catholic population residing within Derry City Council.
The highest point in the county is the summit of Sawel Mountain (678 m) on the border with County Tyrone. Sawel is part of the Sperrin Mountains, which dominate the southern part of the county. To the east and west, the land falls into the valleys of the Bann and Foyle rivers respectively; in the south-east, the county touches the shore of Lough Neagh, which is the largest lake in Ireland; the north of the county is distinguished by the steep cliffs, dune systems, and remarkable beaches of the Atlantic coast.
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Delaware
Delaware (
i/ˈdɛləwɛər/ DEL-ə-wair) is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, to the northeast by New Jersey, and to the north by Pennsylvania. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor, after whom what is now called Cape Henlopen was originally named.
Delaware is located in the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and is the second least extensive, the sixth least populous, but the sixth most densely populated of the 50 United States. Delaware is divided into three counties. From north to south, these three counties are New Castle, Kent, and Sussex. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural, New Castle County has been more industrialized.
The history of the state's economic and industrial development is closely tied to the impact of the Du Pont family, founders and scions of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, one of the world’s largest chemical companies.
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Emerson College
Emerson College is a private coeducational university located in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1880 by Charles Wesley Emerson as a "school of oratory," Emerson is "the only comprehensive college or university in America dedicated exclusively to communication and the arts in a liberal arts context." Offering over three dozen degree programs in the area of Arts and Communication, the college is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, Inc. Located in the Boston's Washington Street Theatre District on the edge of the Boston Common, the school also maintains buildings in Los Angeles and the town of Well, The Netherlands.
Charles Wesley Emerson founded the Boston Conservatory of Elocution, Oratory, and Dramatic Art in 1880, a year after Boston University closed its School of Oratory.[citation needed] Classes were held at Pemberton Square in Boston. Ten students enrolled in the conservatory's first class. The following year, the conservatory changed its name to the "Monroe Conservatory of Oratory," in honor of Charles Emerson's teacher at Boston University's School of Oratory, Professor Lewis B. Monroe. In 1890, the name changed again to "Emerson College of Oratory" and was later shortened to Emerson College in 1939.
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Iowa State Fair
The Iowa State Fair is an annual state fair held in Des Moines, Iowa.
The 2011 Iowa State Fair was held August 11–21 and marked 100 years of the butter cow sculpture.
The first Iowa State Fair was staged in Fairfield October 25–27, 1854, with a budget of $323. The Fair was held again in Fairfield in 1855, but for the next several years, the Fair moved from town to town, remaining mostly in eastern Iowa.
The Fair was held in Muscatine in 1856-1857, Oskaloosa in 1858-1859, Iowa City in 1860-1861, Dubuque in 1862-1863, Burlington in 1864-1866, Clinton in 1867-1868, Keokuk in 1869-1870 and 1874–1875, and Cedar Rapids in 1871-1873 and 1876-1878. The Fair moved permanently within the Des Moines city limits in 1878. After the Iowa State Legislature and the City of Des Moines appropriated funds for the Fair in 1886, it moved to its current location at East 30th and East Grand in Des Moines.
Since 1854, the Iowa State Fair has been entertaining Iowans on a yearly basis with only a few exceptions. In 1898, the Fair was cancelled due to the celebration of the World's Fair in nearby Omaha, Nebraska, as well as the prolonged Spanish-American War. The Fair was also closed in 1942 due to World War II when the state allowed military personnel to use the grounds as a supply depot. The Fair re-opened in 1946.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ or
i/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: 
جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] (
listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.[neutrality is disputed] Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.
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Knesset
The Knesset (Hebrew: הַכְּנֶסֶת [haˈkneset] ( listen); lit. the gathering or assembly; Arabic: الكنيست) is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.
The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister (although the latter is ceremonially appointed by the President), approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government. In addition, it also recommends a candidate for the State Comptroller to the President, who appoints someone to the post. It also has the power to waive the immunity of its members, remove the President and the State Comptroller from office, remove a Prime Minister convicted of an offense involving moral turpitude, and to dissolve itself and call new elections. The Prime Minister may dissolve the Knesset. However, until an election is completed, the Knesset maintains authority in its current composition.
Knesset members annually convene for plenary assemblies, or plenums, for two annual sittings of at least eight months' duration. The two sittings together form a session. The Knesset may be convened at any other time if thirty or more members demand this in writing or if the government requests. As well as approving or rejecting proposed legislation, the plenum also elects the Speaker and one or more Deputy Speakers.
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Kosovo
Kosovo ( /ˈkɒsəvoʊˌ ˈkoʊsəvoʊ/; Albanian: Kosovë, Kosova; Serbian: Косово or Косово и Метохија or Космет, Kosovo or Kosovo i Metohija or Kosmet) is a region in southeastern Europe. In antiquity, it was known as the independent kingdom, and later Roman province, of Dardania. Part of the medieval Serbia, it was then conquered by the Ottoman Empire, later incorporated into Serbia after the First Balkan War and before the constitution of Yugoslavia, later still it became the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Serbian: Autonomna Pokrajina Kosovo i Metohija) within Serbia (Serbia then being one of the constituent republics of Yugoslavia). Long-term severe ethnic tensions between Kosovo's Albanian and Serb populations have left Kosovo ethnically divided, resulting in inter-ethnic violence, including the Kosovo War of 1999. Following the Kosovo War, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) relinquished governance of this territory, whose governance was taken over by the United Nations, Kosovo remained legally the sovereign territory of the FRY after the transfer of authority. The partially recognised Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово, Republika Kosovo), a self-declared independent state, has de facto control over most of the territory, while North Kosovo, the largest Kosovo Serb enclave, is under the control of institutions of the Republic of Serbia.Serbia does not recognise the unilateral secession of Kosovo and considers it a UN-governed entity within its sovereign territory.
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Libya
Libya (Arabic: ليبيا Lībyā), Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the third largest country in Africa by area, and the 17th largest in the world. The largest city, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica.
In 2009 Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
As a result of the Libyan civil war, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which had at that time been in existence for 34 years, collapsed and Libya entered a period of governance by a transitional administration called the National Transitional Council. The NTC has stated its intention to oversee the first phase of a transition to constitutional democracy, after which it claims it will dissolve in favor of a representative legislature.
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Microsoft
Coordinates: 47°38′22.55″N 122°7′42.42″W / 47.6395972°N 122.12845°W / 47.6395972; -122.12845
Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, United States that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Microsoft is one of the largest software corporations in the world.
Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified into the video game industry with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles and the consumer electronics and digital services market MSN, the Zune and the Windows Phone OS. The ensuing rise of stock in the company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO) made an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees (Forbes 400 list revealed that in March 2011 both Jon Shipley and Nathan Myhrvold lost their billionaire status). In May 2011, Microsoft Corporation acquired Skype Communications for $8.5 billion.
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NATO
Coordinates: 50°52′34.16″N 4°25′19.24″E / 50.8761556°N 4.4220111°E / 50.8761556; 4.4220111
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO ( /ˈneɪtoʊ/ NAY-toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique Nord (OTAN)), also called the (North) Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO's headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programs. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the world's defence spending.
For its first few years, NATO was not much more than a political association. However, the Korean War galvanized the member states, and an integrated military structure was built up under the direction of two U.S. supreme commanders. The course of the Cold War led to a rivalry with nations of the Warsaw Pact, which formed in 1955. The first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated in 1949 that the organization's goal was "to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down." Doubts over the strength of the relationship between the European states and the United States ebbed and flowed, along with doubts over the credibility of the NATO defence against a prospective Soviet invasion—doubts that led to the development of the independent French nuclear deterrent and the withdrawal of the French from NATO's military structure in 1966.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire (i/njuːˈhæmpʃər/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th least extensive and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States.
It became the first post-colonial sovereign nation in the Americas when it broke off from Great Britain in January 1776, and six months later was one of the original thirteen states that founded the United States of America. In June 1788, it became the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution, bringing that document into effect. New Hampshire was the first U.S. state to have its own state constitution.
It is known internationally for the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.
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Oval Office
The Oval Office, located in the West Wing of the White House, is the official office of the President of the United States.
The room features three large south-facing windows behind the president's desk, and a fireplace at the north end. It has four doors: the east door opens to the Rose Garden; the west door leads to a private smaller study and dining room; the northwest door opens onto the main corridor of the West Wing; and the northeast door opens to the office of the president's secretary.
Presidents generally change the office to suit their personal taste, choosing new furniture, new drapery, and designing their own oval-shaped carpet to take up most of the floor. Paintings are selected from the White House’s own collection, or borrowed from other museums for the president’s term in office.
The Oval Office has become associated in Americans' minds with the presidency itself through memorable images, such as a young John F. Kennedy, Jr. peering through the front panel of his father's desk, President Richard Nixon speaking by telephone with the Apollo 11 astronauts during their moonwalk, and daughter Amy Carter bringing her Siamese cat Misty Malarky Ying Yang to brighten President Jimmy Carter's day.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Return Day
Return Day is a biennial unique festival and ceremony held the Thursday after Election Day in Georgetown, Delaware, during which election results are announced.
In 1791, the Delaware Legislature established Georgetown as the county seat and required that Sussex County residents travel there in order to vote on Election Day. The votes were counted, and two days later, citizens returned to Georgetown to hear the results read.
[Return Day was] one of the customs peculiar to the people of Sussex, from time immemorial...holding a high carnival on the day when the results of the election are announced.
In 1811, the Legislature established voting districts, but results were still tallied and announced in Georgetown.
The tradition ceased in 1942 because of World War II, but was revived ten years later.
While television and the Internet has obviously eliminated the need for Return Day, tradition has kept the festival alive. Schools and government offices shut down for the afternoon of the Thursday after Election Day, and people from throughout the state flock to Georgetown for the festivals. The day still has a carnival atmosphere, complete with merchants, food vendors, and competitions, such as a hatchet-tossing contest, pitting the mayor of Georgetown against the mayors of other Sussex County towns.
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Stewart Greenleaf
Stewart J. Greenleaf (born October 4, 1939) is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 12th District since 1979. His district includes portions of Montgomery and Bucks Counties.
Greenleaf is a 1961 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received his J.D. from the University of Toledo College of Law. He served as an assistant district attorney in Montgomery County from 1970 to 1977 and also an assistant public defender in Bucks County. Greenleaf continues to serve as a partner in his law firm, Elliott Greenleaf, whose attorneys include Montgomery County Commissioner Bruce Castor and former State Rep. Melissa Murphy Weber.
In 1971, Greenleaf was elected as a Commissioner for Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania. After one term, Greenleaf was elected to a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1976. He served a single term in the house before winning his bid for the State Senate in 1978. Greenleaf has been re-elected seven times, most recently over Democrat Jeff Albert in 2006.
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Syracuse University
Syracuse University, commonly referred to as Syracuse, 'Cuse, or SU, is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College. Following several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was founded independent of the college in 1870. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it maintains a relationship with The United Methodist Church. Syracuse was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1966 but withdrew its membership in 2011 due to diverging views in evaluating criteria between the University and the AAU.
The campus is located in the University Hill neighborhood of Syracuse, east and southeast of downtown, on one of the larger hills. Its large campus features an eclectic mix of buildings, ranging from nineteenth-century Romanesque structures to contemporary buildings. SU is organized into 13 schools and colleges, with nationally recognized programs in information studies and library science, architecture, communications, business administration, public administration, engineering and the College of Arts and Sciences.
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Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West (Arabic: طرابلس الغرب Ṭarābulus al-Gharb), to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean (Arabic: عروسة البحر ʼarūsat el-baḥr; lit: "bride of the sea"), describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli (English pronunciation: /ˈtrɪpɵli/) is a Greek name that means "Three Cities", introduced in Western European languages through the Italian Tripoli. In Arabic: طرابلس it is called Ṭarābulus ( pronunciation (help·info), Libyan Arabic: Ṭrābləs pronunciation (help·info), Berber: Ṭrables, from Ancient Greek: Τρίπολις Trípolis). As of 2011, the Tripoli metropolitan area (district area) had a population of 2.2 million. The city is located in the northwest part of the country on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean and forming a bay.
The city includes the Port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing centre. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli. The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks, which includes the former family compound of Muammar Gaddafi, is also located in the city; Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
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Aaron Burr
Aaron Burr, Jr. (February 6, 1756 – September 14, 1836) was the third Vice President of the United States under President Thomas Jefferson.
After serving as a Continental Army officer in the Revolutionary War, Burr became a successful lawyer and politician. He was elected twice to the New York State Assembly (1784–1785, 1798–1799), was appointed New York State Attorney General (1789–1791), was chosen as a United States Senator (1791–1797) from the state of New York, and reached the apex of his career as Vice President of the United States (1801–1805).
The highlight of Burr's tenure as President of the Senate (one of his few official duties as Vice President) was the Senate's first impeachment trial, of Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. In 1804, the last full year of his single term as Vice President, Burr killed his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel. Burr was never tried for the illegal duel and all charges against him were eventually dropped. The death of Hamilton, however, ended Burr's political career. President Jefferson dropped him from the ticket for the 1804 presidential election, and he never held office again.
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Adam Clymer
Adam Clymer (born April 27, 1937 in New York City) is an American journalist.
He was with The New York Times from 1977 until July, 2003, and served as its national political correspondent for the 1980 presidential election, polling editor from 1983 to 1990, political editor for George H. W. Bush's presidential campaign in 1988, and chief Washington correspondent from 1999 through 2003.
Clymer covered the 2000 presidential campaign for the Times and wrote at least one article that was considered unfavorable by the Bush campaign.
Clymer may be best known for an incident on September 4, 2000, when Bush and running mate Dick Cheney appeared at a campaign event at Naperville, Illinois. While on stage before the event, Bush said to Cheney, "There's Adam Clymer, major-league asshole from the New York Times." Cheney responded, "Oh yeah, he is, big time." The remarks were picked up by a live microphone, causing a minor campaign controversy. Bush later publicly stated "I regret that a private comment I made to the vice presidential candidate made it through the public airways. I regret everybody heard what I said."
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Adam Nagourney
Adam Nagourney (born October 10, 1954 in New York City) is an American journalist covering U.S. politics for The New York Times.
Nagourney was the chief national political correspondent for The New York Times from 2002 to 2010, when he was appointed Los Angeles Bureau Chief for the Times. He graduated with a B.A. in economics from the State University of New York at Purchase in 1977. Prior to joining the Times in 1996, he worked for the Gannett Westchester Newspaper (1977–83), including serving as a reporter in the Putnam County, White Plains, and Northern Westchester editions of the White Plains "Reporter Dispatch," before joining the New York Daily News (1983–90), and USA Today (1990–1993), where he covered Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential campaign and the first year of the Clinton White House.
After joining The Times, Nagourney was assigned to cover the campaign of Bob Dole. After the 1996 presidential race, he went to New York as the paper's metropolitan political correspondent. He was appointed The Times' chief political correspondent in 2002, and covered the 2004 reelection of President George W. Bush and the 2008 election of Barack Obama.
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Adlai Stevenson I
Adlai Ewing Stevenson I (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) was a Congressman from Illinois. He was appointed Assistant Postmaster General of the United States during Grover Cleveland's first administration (1885–1889), when he fired many Republican postal workers and replaced them with Southern Democrats. This earned him the enmity of the Republican-controlled Congress, but made him a favorite as Grover Cleveland's running mate in 1892, and he duly became 23rd Vice President of the United States.
In office, he supported the free-silver lobby against the gold-standard men like Cleveland, but was praised for ruling in a dignified, non-partisan manner.
In 1900, he ran for Vice President with William Jennings Bryan. Although unsuccessful, he was the first ex-Vice President ever to win re-nomination for that post with a different Presidential candidate.
Stevenson's parents, John Turner Stevenson and Eliza Ewing Stevenson, were Wesleyans of Scots-Irish descent. John Turner Stevenson's grandfather, William was born in Roxburgh, Scotland then migrated to and from Ulster around 1748, settling first in Pennsylvania and then in North Carolina in the County of Iredell. The family moved to Kentucky in 1813. Stevenson was born on the family farm in Christian County, Kentucky. He attended the common school in Blue Water, Kentucky. In 1852, when he was 16, frost killed the family's tobacco crop. His father set free their few slaves and the family moved to Bloomington, Illinois, where his father then operated a sawmill. Stevenson attended Illinois Wesleyan University at Bloomington and ultimately graduated from Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky; at the latter he was a part of Phi Delta Theta. His father's death prompted Adlai to return from Kentucky to Illinois to run the sawmill.
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Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and won the popular vote in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.
Gore was previously an elected official for 24 years, representing Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–85), and later in the U.S. Senate (1985–93), and finally becoming Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential election, Gore won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes. However, he ultimately lost the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush when the U.S. Supreme Court settled the legal controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5-4 in favor of Bush. It was the only time in history that the Supreme Court has determined the outcome of a presidential election.
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Alan Keyes
Alan Lee Keyes (born August 7, 1950) is an American conservative political activist, author, former diplomat, and perennial candidate for public office. A doctoral graduate of Harvard University, Keyes began his diplomatic career in the U.S. Foreign Service in 1979 at the United States consulate in Bombay, India, and later in the American embassy in Zimbabwe.
He ran for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008, and was a Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1988, 1992, and 2004. Keyes was appointed Ambassador to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations by President Ronald Reagan, and served as Reagan's Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1985 to 1987; in his capacities as a UN ambassador, among Keyes's accomplishments was contributing to the Mexico City Policy.
Keyes also hosted a radio talk show, The Alan Keyes Show: America's Wake-Up Call, and a television commentary show on the MSNBC cable network, Alan Keyes Is Making Sense.
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Alejandro Mendoza
Alejandro "Alex" Mendoza (born April 25, 1977) is an American ex-Marine, owner of a lawn care business and democratic socialist politician from Dallas, Texas who is the vice presidential candidate for the 2012 elections, with the nomination of the Socialist Party USA. Mendoza, of Texas, is running with Stewart Alexander of California for President. Mendoza is currently serving as the State Chair for the Socialist Party of Texas.
Mendoza was born in Riverside, California to parents who immigrated from Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Mendoza graduated from Palm Springs High School in 1995. Shorty after graduation, Mendoza joined the United State Marine Corps for four years, and served with the most decorated regiment in the Marine Corps, the 5th Marine Regiment. Mendoza moved to Texas shortly after honorably serving in the Marines. Mendoza has spent the previous years working in the Information Technology field and has worked all over the world (Mexico, Colombia, Brazil, England, and Argentina). Mendoza is now an independent business owner of a local, sustainable, lawn care business.
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Alexander Haig
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr. (December 2, 1924 – February 20, 2010) was a United States Army general who served as the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and White House Chief of Staff under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He also served as Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, the second-highest ranking officer in the Army, and as Supreme Allied Commander Europe commanding all US and NATO forces in Europe.
A veteran of the Korean War and Vietnam War, Haig was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, and the Purple Heart.
Haig was born in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. He was the middle of three children of Alexander Meigs Haig, Sr., a Republican lawyer, and his wife Regina Anne Murphy. When Haig was 10, his father, aged 38, died of cancer. His Irish American mother raised her children in the Catholic Church. He attended Saint Joseph's Preparatory School in North Philadelphia. He then studied at the University of Notre Dame for two years, before transferring to the United States Military Academy, where he graduated in 1947. Haig later earned a Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia Business School in 1955 and a Master of Arts degree in international relations from Georgetown University in 1961. His thesis examined the role of military officers in making national policy.
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Alexander Wiley
Alexander Wiley (May 26, 1884 – May 26, 1967) was a member of the Republican Party who served four terms in the United States Senate for the state of Wisconsin from 1939 to 1963. When he left the Senate, he was its most senior Republican member.
Wiley was born in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin. He received his undergraduate education at Augsburg College in Minnesota and the University of Michigan. He received his law degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1907 and was also admitted to the bar the same year. He served as the Chippewa County district attorney from 1909 to 1915.
Wiley was the Republican candidate for governor of Wisconsin in 1936 but his bid failed. Philip La Follette and the new Wisconsin Progressive Party, which split from the Republicans in 1934, won the election. In 1938 Wiley was elected to the U.S. Senate by defeating incumbent F. Ryan Duffy. In 1944, he was challenged by Marine Captain Joseph McCarthy in the Republican Party primary. He defeated McCarthy and went on to win the general election. Wiley was re-elected two more times in 1950 and 1956. In 1956, he was challenged by Congressman Glenn Robert Davis in the Republican primary, but once again prevailed. In 1962, Wiley lost his bid for a fifth term to Governor Gaylord Nelson.
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Alyson Kennedy
Alyson Kennedy is an American politician, a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP) and was the party's candidate for vice president in the 2008 United States presidential election. The ticket campaigned for young voters especially. At the head of the ticket were two different candidates, Roger Calero and James Harris; Harris was an alternate in some states because Calero was Constitutionally ineligible because he is a lawful permanent resident of the United States (holding a green card), and not a US Citizen. They were the first pair to qualify for the ballot in Louisiana Calero/Kennedy won 5,127 votes and Harris/Kennedy 2,424.
Originally from Indianapolis, Kennedy joined the socialist movement in 1973 in Louisville, Kentucky. She has worked in coal mines in Alabama, Colorado, Utah, and West Virginia. In 1977 she ran as the SWP candidate for mayor of Cleveland, Ohio against incumbent Republican Ralph Perk, garnering 1,225 votes and losing by a wide margin to Dennis Kucinich. She first joined the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) in 1981, and was one of the leaders of a strike in Utah 2004, also being involved in litigation. In 2000, she ran for United States Senate as a certified write-in candidate in a race prompted by the death of candidate and former Governor of Missouri Mel Carnahan. Kennedy is currently employed as a garment worker.
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Ambrose Burnside
Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island, serving as governor and a U.S. Senator. As a Union Army general in the American Civil War, he conducted successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the disastrous Battle of Fredericksburg and Battle of the Crater, earning his reputation as one of the most incompetent generals of the war. His distinctive style of facial hair is now known as sideburns, derived from his last name.
Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin. His great-great-grandfather Robert Burnside (1725–1775) was born in Scotland and settled in the Province of South Carolina. His father, a native of South Carolina, was a slave owner who freed his slaves when he relocated to Indiana. Ambrose attended Liberty Seminary as a young boy, but his education was interrupted when his mother died in 1841; he was apprenticed to a local tailor, eventually becoming a partner in the business. His interest in military affairs and his father's political connections obtained an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1843. He graduated in 1847, ranking 18th in a class of 38, and was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Artillery. He traveled to Veracruz for the Mexican-American War but arrived after hostilities ceased and performed mostly garrison duty around Mexico City.
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Andre Barnett
Andre Nigel Barnett (born June 2, 1976) is an American politician and entrepreneur. He is a candidate for the President of the United States seeking the 2012 nomination of the Reform Party of the United States of America. He is the founder of the information technology (IT) company WiseDome Inc.
Barnett was born in Zanesville, Ohio in 1976. He attended Austin Peay State University and Western Governors University.
A former member of the United States Armed Forces, Barnett served in Sarajevo before being wounded in a helicopter accident.
Following his military service, Barnett became a fitness model in New York. In 2001, he founded WiseDome Incorporated, an IT company that provides information technology and data recovery services.
Barnett announced his presidential candidacy on May 6, 2011. He considers himself a conservative and has stated that he intends to considerably downsize the federal government if he is elected. Barnett has been described as a "conservative with a conscience." His candidacy is endorsed by the Frederick Douglass Foundation. At the Reform Party of New Jersey's state convention on April 14, 2012, Barnett defeated former Governor of Louisiana Buddy Roemer in the party's presidential straw poll by a 50% margin.
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Andre Marrou
Andre Verne Marrou (born December 4, 1938) is an American political figure, affiliated with the Libertarian Party. He was that party's presidential nominee in 1992 and its vice-presidential nominee in 1988. He was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives in 1984.
Born in Nixon, Texas, Marrou graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1962. He is the brother of American television news personality and Judge Chris Marrou.
Marrou first ran for the Alaska House of Representatives in 1982, placing second in a three-way race. He was then elected to the House in 1984. One of twelve Libertarians to be elected to a state legislature, Marrou served for one term, from 1985 to 1987. Running for reelection in 1986, he would lose to Claude E. "Swack" Swackhammer, a former Alaska State Trooper. Marrou left Alaska following his 1986 defeat and moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he worked as a real estate broker.
Marrou was the Libertarian vice-presidential nominee in the 1988 election; on the ballot in 46 states and the District of Columbia,U.S. Congressman Ron Paul and Marrou placed third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0.5%), behind George H.W. Bush and Michael Dukakis. Paul and Marrou were kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called a "technicality".
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Andrei Gromyko
Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko (Russian: Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко; Belarusian Андрэ́й Андрэ́евіч Грамы́ка; 18 July [O.S. 5 July] 1909 – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (1985–1987). Gromyko was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy until he retired in 1987. In the West he was given the nickname Mr. Nyet ("Mr. No").
Gromyko's political career started in 1939 with his employment at the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs (later renamed Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1946). In 1943 Gromyko became the Soviet ambassador to the United States, leaving in 1946 to become the Soviet Permanent Representative to the United Nations. Upon his return to the Soviet Union he became a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and later the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He went on to become the Soviet ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1952.
Gromyko played a direct role in the Cuban Missile Crisis in his role as the Soviet Foreign Minister. Gromyko helped negotiate arms limitations treaties such as the ABM Treaty, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and SALT I and II among others. Under Leonid Brezhnev's leadership Gromyko helped build the policy of détente between the US and the USSR. He supported Mikhail Gorbachev's candidacy for General Secretary in 1985. Gromyko lost his office as foreign minister when Gorbachev became General Secretary, and was instead appointed to the largely ceremonial office of head of state. Gromyko retired from political life in 1988 and died the following year on 2 July 1989 in Moscow.
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Andrew Butler
Andrew Pickens Butler (November 18, 1796 – May 25, 1857) was a United States Senator and one of the authors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Butler was a son of William Butler (1759–1821) and Behethland Butler (1764-1853), and was born in Edgefield County, South Carolina. His early education was at Moses Waddel's Willington Academy. He graduated from South Carolina College, now the University of South Carolina. He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1818.
Butler was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives as a young man, and in 1824 was elected to the South Carolina Senate. He served two terms and part of a third in the Senate before being appointed judge of the session court in 1833.
In 1835, Butler was appointed judge of the South Carolina Court of Common Pleas. He was appointed to the United States Senate in 1846 as a States' Rights Democrat. He was re-elected by the South Carolina legislature to a full term in 1848 and he served in the Senate for the remainder of his life. He was the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee during much of that time.
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Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States (1865–1869). As Vice President of the United States in 1865, he succeeded Abraham Lincoln following the latter's assassination. Johnson then presided over the initial and contentious Reconstruction era of the United States following the American Civil War. Johnson's reconstruction policies failed to promote the rights of the Freedmen, and he came under vigorous political attack from Republicans, ending in his impeachment by the U.S. House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the U.S. Senate.
Johnson, born in poverty and of Scots-Irish descent, became a master tailor and was self-educated, married and had five children. He served as an alderman and as Mayor of Greeneville, Tennessee and then sat in both houses of the Tennessee legislature. He went on to spend five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives and two terms as Governor of Tennessee, all as a Democrat. His signature legislative endeavor in the state and federal arenas was passage of the Homestead Act.
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Andy Martin
Anthony Robert Martin-Trigona, usually known as Andy Martin (born 1945) is an American perennial candidate for political office and recurrent litigant.
The Nation,The Washington Post, and The New York Times identified him as the primary source of false rumors that then-presidential candidate Barack Obama was secretly a Muslim. In a later interview with CNN, Martin explicitly abandoned this view and now asserts Obama's real father is not Barack Obama, Sr., but African American journalist Frank Marshall Davis.
On October 17, 2008, Martin filed a lawsuit against the state of Hawaii calling for the public release of Barack Obama's birth certificate and other vital records. To counter rumors that Obama is not a natural-born citizen of the United States, the Obama campaign previously posted an image of his short-form birth certificate online. Martin's lawsuit sought a copy of Sen. Obama's long-form birth certificate. The Hawaii Supreme Court later denied Martin's request.
Martin was born in 1945 in Middletown, Connecticut. His father, Ralph Beneducci Martin-Trigona, was of Italian, Maltese, and English descent, and his mother, Helen Anthony (née Vasiliou), was Greek American. He received a B.A. from the University of Illinois in 1966, and a J.D. from that institution in 1969.
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Anita Hill
Anita Faye Hill (born July 30, 1956) is an American attorney and academic—presently a professor of social policy, law and women's studies at Brandeis University's Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she alleged that U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas had made harassing sexual statements when he was her supervisor at the U.S. Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Though Thomas was confirmed and took a seat on the Court, Hill's testimony focused national attention on the issue of workplace sexual harassment.
Hill was born in Morris, Oklahoma, the youngest of the thirteen children of Albert and Erma Hill, who were farmers. Her family hailed from Arkansas, where her great-grandparents and her maternal grandfather, Henry Eliot, were born into slavery. Hill was raised in the Baptist faith.
After graduating as valedictorian from Morris High School, Hill enrolled at Oklahoma State University, receiving a bachelor's degree with honors, in psychology 1977. She went on to Yale Law School, obtaining her Juris Doctor degree with honors in 1980.
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Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. Specter is a Democrat, but was a Republican from 1965 until switching to the Democratic Party in 2009. First elected in 1980, he represented his state for thirty years in the Senate. Specter is a moderate who staked out a spot in the political center.
Specter was born in Wichita, Kansas to an American mother and a father who immigrated from Russia. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and served with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School and opened a law firm with Marvin Katz, who would later become a federal judge. Specter served as assistant counsel for the Warren Commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy and helped devise the "single bullet theory." In 1965, Specter was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia, a position that he would hold until he lost his re-election bid in 1973.
On April 28, 2009, Specter announced that, after 44 years as an elected Republican, he was switching membership to the Democratic Party, On May 18, 2010, Specter was defeated in the Democratic primary by Joe Sestak, who then was defeated by current Senator Pat Toomey in the general election. Toomey replaced Specter on January 3, 2011.
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Arne Duncan
Arne Duncan (born November 6, 1964) is an American education administrator and currently United States Secretary of Education. Duncan previously served as CEO of the Chicago Public Schools.
Duncan was raised in Hyde Park, a Chicago neighborhood encompassing the University of Chicago. He is the son of Susan Goodrich (née Morton) and Starkey Davis Duncan, Jr. His father was a psychology professor at the university and his mother runs the Sue Duncan Children's Center, an after-school program primarily serving African-American youth in the nearby Kenwood neighborhood. His ancestry includes Norwegian, Scottish, German, Swedish, and English; his great-great-great-grandfather was U.S. Representative Milo Goodrich. While growing up, Duncan spent much of his free time at his mother's center tutoring or playing with students there. Some of his childhood friends were John W. Rogers, Jr., CEO of Ariel Capital Management (now Ariel Investments) and founder of the Ariel Community Academy, Illinois State Senator Kwame Raoul, actor Michael Clarke Duncan, singer R. Kelly and award winning martial artist Michelle Gordon.[citation needed]
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Arnold Naudain
Dr. Arnold Snow Naudain (January 6, 1790 - January 4, 1872) was an American physician and politician from Odessa, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a veteran of the War of 1812, and a member of the Whig Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Naudain was born at Snowland or Naudain's Landing, near Leipsic, Kent County, Delaware. He graduated from the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, in 1806. He then studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, graduated in 1810, and began practicing medicine in the Dover area. During the War of 1812 he served as surgeon general of the Delaware Militia.
His brother, Elias Naudain, was justice of the peace in Leipsic, in Little Creek Hundred during the 1820s. He served in the lower house of the Delaware General Assembly in 1827 and in that same year was commissioned first major of the Fourth Regiment of the Delaware Militia. In 1832 he was elected a delegate to the convention to revise the Delaware Constitution and was later was elected to the Delaware Senate.
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Asbury Park Press
The Asbury Park Press is a daily newspaper in Monmouth and Ocean counties of New Jersey and has the third largest circulation in the state. Its investigative staff, led by editor Paul D'Ambrosio, has been awarded numerous national honors in journalism, including the Selden Ring Award for Investigative Reporting, two the Associated Press Managing Editors' Award for Public Service, the National Headliner Award for Public Service and two National Headliner Awards for Best Series (large papers). The Press' investigative team was a finalist for the 2010 Pulitzer Prize in Public Service. The newspaper was also the home to editorial cartoonist Steve Breen when he won the Pulitzer Prize in that category in 1998.
Gannett purchased the paper in 1997.
In 2004 the story "Profiting from Public Service" by Paul D'Ambrosio, Jason Method, James W. Prado Roberts, Alan Guenther, Jean Mikle and staff won the Farfel Prize for excellence in investigative reporting which was the inauguration of this award. It also won the The National Headliner Award for public service, the SPJ/SDX National Award for public service in the large papers category, and the APME Public Service Award for large papers.
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Austan Goolsbee
Austan Dean Goolsbee (born August 18, 1969) is an American economist and the Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at The University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. Goolsbee formerly served as the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and was the youngest member of the cabinet of President Barack Obama.
Goolsbee served on the three-member Council from the start of the Obama Administration. He advised President Obama during his 2004 U.S. Senate race and was senior economic policy adviser during the 2008 Obama Presidential Campaign. He took over in September 2010 as the Council's Chairman, replacing Christina Romer, who had left to return to a teaching position at the University of California at Berkeley. On June 6, 2011, he announced that he was departing the administration and returning to the University of Chicago.
Goolsbee was born in Waco, Texas, the son of Linda Catherine (née Dean) and Arthur Leon Goolsbee. He was raised primarily in Whittier, California.
He graduated from Milton Academy and received both his B.A. summa cum laude and M.A. in economics from Yale University in 1991 and went on to receive his Ph.D. in economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1995. He was an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (2000–02) and Fulbright Scholar (2006–07).
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Beau Biden
Joseph Robinette "Beau" Biden III (born February 3, 1969) is an American lawyer, Army JAG officer, and politician from Wilmington, Delaware. He serves as the Attorney General of Delaware and a Major in the Delaware Army National Guard. He is a member of the Democratic Party and is also the oldest son of the current Vice President of the United States, Joe Biden.
Biden was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the eldest son of former U.S. Senator and current Vice President Joe Biden and his first wife, Neilia Hunter. His mother and younger sister, Naomi Christina Biden, were killed in an automobile accident in 1972, in which he and his brother Hunter were badly injured. He and his brother encouraged his father to remarry, and Jill Jacobs became Beau's stepmother in 1977. His half-sister Ashley was born in 1981.
He is a graduate of Archmere Academy, his father's high school alma mater, as well as the University of Pennsylvania, where he was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity, and Syracuse University College of Law. From 1995 to 2004, he worked at the United States Department of Justice in Philadelphia, first he served as Counsel to the Office of Policy Development and later as a Federal Prosecutor in the U.S. Attorney's Office. In 2004, he became a partner in the Wilmington law firm Bifferato, Gentilotti, Biden & Balick.
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Ben Fernandez
Ben Fernandez (February 24, 1925 - April 25, 2000) was an American politician, financial consultant, World War II veteran, ambassador, and the first known Hispanic to run for President of the United States.
The candidacy of Fernandez was publicized again in light of comments from Governor of New Mexico Bill Richardson, a candidate in the 2008 presidential election, who claimed that he was the first ever Hispanic candidate. A reporter for the Albuquerque Journal discovered Fernandez's failed campaigns in 1980 and 1984, proving Richardson's comments to be a mistake. (Richardson campaign officials said that they were looking only at previous Democratic Party candidates.)
Benjamin Fernandez was born in Kansas City, Kansas in a railroad boxcar. During his political career he was fondly nicknamed "Boxcar Ben". Fernandez was one of seven brothers and sisters. His parents were Mexican immigrant farm workers. The entire family worked as migrant farm workers in Michigan and Indiana, refusing government assistance.
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Bill Bradley
William Warren "Bill" Bradley (born July 28, 1943) is an American hall of fame basketball player, Rhodes scholar, and former three-term Democratic U.S. Senator from New Jersey. He ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in the 2000 election.
Bradley was born and raised in a suburb of St. Louis and excelled at basketball from an early age. He was a member of the Boy Scouts, did well academically and was an all-county and all-state basketball player in high school. He was offered 75 college scholarships, but declined them all to attend Princeton University. He earned a gold medal as a member of the 1964 Olympic basketball team and was the NCAA Player of the Year in 1965. After graduating in 1965, he attended Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship, delaying a decision for two years on whether or not to play in the NBA.
While at Oxford, Bradley played one season of professional basketball in Europe, and eventually decided to join the New York Knicks in the 1967–68 season, after serving six months in the Air Force Reserve. He spent his entire ten-year professional basketball career playing for the Knicks, winning two championship titles. Retiring in 1977, he ran for a seat in the United States Senate the following year, from his adopted home state of New Jersey. He was re-elected in 1984 and 1990, left the Senate in 1997, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2000 Democratic presidential nomination.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III; August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation. Clinton has been described as a New Democrat. Many of his policies have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.
Born and raised in Arkansas, Clinton became both a student leader and a skilled musician. He is an alumnus of Georgetown University where he was Phi Beta Kappa and earned a Rhodes Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He is married to Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has served as the United States Secretary of State since 2009 and was a Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009. Both Clintons received law degrees from Yale Law School, where they met and began dating. As Governor of Arkansas, Clinton overhauled the state's education system, and served as Chair of the National Governors Association.
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Bill Richardson
William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is an American politician, who served as the 30th Governor of New Mexico from 2003 to 2011. Before being elected governor, Richardson served in the Clinton administration as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Energy Secretary. Richardson has also served as a U.S. Congressman, chairman of the 2004 Democratic National Convention, and chairman of the Democratic Governors Association. On December 3, 2008, then-President-elect Barack Obama designated Richardson for appointment to the cabinet-level position of Commerce Secretary. On January 4, 2009, Richardson announced his decision to withdraw his nomination because of an investigation into possibly improper business dealings in New Mexico. In August 2009, federal prosecutors dropped the pending investigation against the governor, and there was speculation in the media regarding Richardson's career, as his second and final term as New Mexico governor concluded.
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Bill Still
William T. Still (born January 20, 1948) is an American documentary film producer and author of several non-fiction books.
Still is the director, narrator, and producer of the documentary films The Money Masters and The Secret of Oz, both of which critique the United States monetary system.
The Secret of Oz won the Best Documentary Award at the 2010 Beloit International Film Festival.
Still was featured in a segment, which initially aired in February 2012, of the H2 program America’s Book of Secrets discussing the Fort Knox Gold Scandal.
Still is seeking the nomination of the Libertarian Party in the 2012 U.S. presidential election.
Still resides in Ashburn, Virginia. He is divorced, and the father of four children.
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Bob Barr
Robert Laurence "Bob" Barr, Jr. (born November 5, 1948) is a former federal prosecutor and a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented Georgia's 7th congressional district as a Republican from 1995 to 2003. Barr attained national prominence as one of the leaders of the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. Barr joined the Libertarian Party in 2006, and served on its National Committee. He was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2008 election. He is noted for his austere demeanour.
Barr was born on November 5, 1948, in Iowa City, Iowa, to Bob and Beatrice Barr. His father, a West Point soldier, moved the family to various locations around the world while pursuing his career in civil engineering. The second of six children, Bob Jr. spent his boyhood in Malaysia, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Baghdad in Iraq, and finally Tehran, Iran, where he graduated from Community High School in 1966.
Barr returned to the United States, attending the University of Southern California and joining the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity in 1967 (where as of 2011[update] he holds the position of Grand Epiprytanis on the fraternity's Grand Council). Barr also joined the Young Democrats of America and rallied against the Vietnam War. His parents disapproved, and threatened to cut off financial support if he continued his "flaming liberal" activities. During this time, Barr's mother introduced him to the work of Ayn Rand. This fostered a new-found appreciation for conservatism and prompted Barr to join the Young Trojan Republican Club. Barr completed his B.A., cum laude, from University of Southern California in 1970. Barr married his first wife while still in college. They divorced in 1976.
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Bob Dole
Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an American attorney and politician. Dole represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996, was Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and in 1995 and 1996. Dole was the Republican party nominee in the presidential election of 1996, but he lost to incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. Dole is currently special counsel at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm Alston & Bird.
In 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dole as a co-chair of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, along with Donna Shalala, a former member of the Clinton cabinet. Dole is married to former U.S. cabinet member and former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Hanford Dole of North Carolina. Bob Dole is currently a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
Bob Dole was born in Russell, Kansas, the son of Bina M. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975). His father, who had moved the family to Russell while Dole was still a toddler, made a living by running a small creamery. Among his father's customers was the father of Arlen Specter who ran a junkyard in the town and used Dole's scales to weigh junk. Specter, who was six years younger than Dole and graduated Russell High School in 1947, was not a Dole contemporary although Specter's brother Morton Specter and Dole's brother Kenny Dole were friends. During the Great Depression, which hit Kansas very hard, the Dole family moved into the basement of their home and rented out the rest of the house. As a boy, he took many odd jobs around Russell, and he would later work as a soda jerk in the local drug store.
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Bob Ely
Bob Ely, also known as Robert Moulton-Ely (born 1958), is an American entrepreneur and former investment banker, challenging President Barack Obama in several primaries for the Democratic Party's 2012 presidential nomination.
Ely was born in Connecticut in 1958 to Harriet and John Ingraham Ely. His mother, the daughter of the New Haven Register and Journal Courier owner John Day Jackson was also a newspaper owner. Ely's father was a lawyer and partner at the firm Wiggin & Dana.
Ely attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study engineering, but dropped out and transferred to Yale University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in History upon graduation in 1980. He recounted that while at Yale, "my academic achievements and alcohol consumption would have embarrassed [George] W. [Bush]." In 1983, Ely married freelance illustrator Alice Fairchild Moulton, and both assumed the last name Moulton-Ely.
After graduating from Yale, Ely moved to Chicago, Illinois. He was initially unemployed, but found work with Nuveen Investments. For an 18-year period as an investment banker, he also worked at Merrill Lynch and served as managing director at Dillon, Read & Co., which was later taken over by UBS.
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Bosniaks
The Bosniaks or Bosniacs (Bosnian: Bošnjak, pl: Bošnjaci, pronounced [bɔːˈʃɲaːtsi]) are a South Slavic ethnic group, living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a smaller minority also present in other lands of the Balkan Peninsula especially in Serbia, Montenegro and Croatia. Bosniaks are typically characterized by their historic tie to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam since the 15th and 16th centuries, common culture and language. In the English-speaking world, Bosniaks are also referred to as Bosnian Muslims or simply Bosnians. Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an official ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam. The term Bosnian is used to denote all inhabitants of Bosnia regardless of ethnic origin.
Bosniaks are a South Slavic people. Nonetheless, it has been proposed, based on genetic signatures, that their roots also date back to pre-Slavic inhabitants of the Dinaric region, effectively predating many modern European homogenous ethnic groups. There are well over two million Bosniaks living in the Balkans today, with an estimated additional million settled and living around the world.[citation needed] Several instances of ethnic cleansing and genocide have had a tremendous effect on the territorial distribution of the population. Partially due to this,[citation needed] a notable Bosniak diaspora exists in a number of countries, including Austria, Germany, Australia, Sweden, Turkey, Canada and the United States. Both within the region and throughout the world, Bosniaks are often noted for their unique culture, which has been influenced by both eastern and western civilizations and schools of thought over the course of their history.
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Bradford Lyttle
Bradford Lyttle is a prominent pacifist and peace activist, and organizer with the Committee for Non-Violent Action of several major campaigns against militarism, including "Omaha Action", against land-based nuclear missiles (1959); "Polaris Action" against submarine-based nuclear missiles (1960); the San Francisco to Moscow Peace Walk (1961); and the Quebec-Washington-Guantanamo Peace Walk (1963).
Among his theoretical works are a 1958 pamphlet presenting the case for nonviolent national defense against aggression; and a mathematical formula called "The Apocalypse Equation", which argues that, over time, the probability of nuclear missiles being used approaches 100%.
He is also the founder and perennial candidate for the office of President of the United States of the United States Pacifist Party. He ran as a write-in candidate in the 1984, 1996, and 2000 elections, and on the ballot in the state of Colorado in 2008. In 2008 Lyttle came in second to last of sixteen candidates in Colorado for which he received 110 votes, beating only Gene Amondson of the Prohibition Party. In Colorado, Amondson came in last place among all candidates with ballot access (though Amondson won enough votes elsewhere to surpass Lyttle's total nationally).
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Brian Rohrbough
Brian Rohrbough (c. 1961) was the 2008 vice presidential candidate of America's Independent Party in the 2008 United States presidential election, running on the ticket with presidential candidate Alan Keyes.
Rohrbough was raised in Littleton, Colorado.
Rohrbough dropped out of high school at age 16 and later founded a car stereo business in Englewood, Colorado. His son, Daniel, was the second murder victim in the Columbine High School massacre in 1999, being wounded by Eric Harris, then fatally shot in the back by Dylan Klebold. This event profoundly affected Rohrbough's life. Afterward, he led efforts to examine the sociological reasons for this event, ultimately concluding that America's so-called "culture of death", specifically legalized abortion, and the removal of all vestiges of religion from public school classrooms, were root causes. Since then he has become involved in the anti-abortion movement, and served as president of Colorado Right to Life.
Today he is the president of the splinter anti-abortion group American Right to Life. This local Colorado organization is dedicated to prohibiting abortion. He has appeared on numerous local and national television programs across the country.
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Bruce Babbitt
Bruce Edward Babbitt (born June 27, 1938), a Democrat, served as United States Secretary of the Interior and as the 16th governor of Arizona, from 1978 to 1987.
Born in Flagstaff, Arizona, Babbitt graduated from the University of Notre Dame, and attended Durham University in the United Kingdom on a Marshall Scholarship, and then received his law degree at Harvard Law School.
He married attorney Harriet Coons (known as Hattie) in 1968. Mr. and Mrs. Babbitt have two sons, Christopher and T.J.
Babbitt's brother, Paul Babbitt, was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States House of Representatives in 2004.
Babbitt was elected Attorney General of Arizona, but succeeded Wesley Bolin as governor when Bolin died in office on March 4, 1978. Arizona does not have a lieutenant governor, designating the Arizona Secretary of State as first in line in case the governor vacates his or her post. However, the secretary of state at that time, Rose Mofford, had been appointed rather than elected to her post and thus was not eligible to become governor according to the Arizona state constitution. Babbitt, as attorney general, was next in the line of succession. Babbitt was elected for a full four-year term in 1978, and again in 1982. In all, Babbitt served as governor of Arizona from 1978 to 1987, but did not seek reelection to a third term. In 1983, Babbitt sent the Arizona National Guard to the strike against Phelps Dodge in Morenci, Arizona. With the retirement of Republican Barry Goldwater from the U.S. Senate in 1986, many in Arizona expected Babbitt to oppose Representative John McCain for the seat. In a surprise press conference in 1985, Babbitt instead announced he would forgo the Senate race to concentrate on a White House bid in 1988.
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Bruce Reed
Bruce Reed was the CEO of the Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) and currently serves as the Chief of Staff to U.S. Vice President Joe Biden, having been appointed on January 14, 2011 to succeed Ron Klain.
Reed is a native of Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, and the son of Idaho State Senator Mary Lou Reed. He attended Princeton University, graduating in 1982, and earned a master's degree in English Literature from Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar.
Reed served as chief speechwriter for Tennessee Senator Al Gore from 1985 to 1989. He was founding editor of the DLC magazine, The New Democrat and served as policy director of the DLC from 1990 to 1991 under DLC Chairman and Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton. In 1992, he was deputy campaign manager for policy of the Clinton-Gore presidential campaign. During the Clinton presidency, Reed served as chief domestic policy advisor and director of the Domestic Policy Council, and helped to write the 1996 welfare reform law known as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act. He is credited with coining the welfare reform catchphrase, "end welfare as we know it."
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Buddy Roemer
Charles Elson "Buddy" Roemer III (born October 4, 1943) is an American politician who was a candidate for the presidential nominations of the Republican Party and the Reform Party, respectively, in 2012. He withdrew. He was seeking the 2012 Americans Elect presidential nomination until that group announced it would not field a candidate in 2012 because no candidate reached the required minimum threshold of support to be on its ballot. He also served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1988 before serving as the 76th Governor of Louisiana (52nd since U.S. Statehood), from 1988 to 1992.
In March 1991, while serving as Governor, Roemer switched from the Democratic to the Republican Party.
Buddy Roemer was born on October 4, 1943, in Shreveport to Charles E. "Budgie" Roemer II and the former Adeline McDade. Roemer's maternal grandfather, Ross McDade, married a sister of former Shreveport Mayor James C. Gardner's maternal grandmother. Gardner knew Roemer's grandfather as "Uncle Ross". However, McDade's wife died, and he remarried, from which union came Adeline Roemer. The two were not close politically.
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Calvin Coolidge
John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative, and also as a man who said very little.
Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity. As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength." Coolidge praised the achievement of widespread prosperity in 1928, saying: "The requirements of existence have passed beyond the standard of necessity into the region of luxury." Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government. His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.
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Carl Person
Carl E. Person (pronounced /ˈpir sən/) (born July 20, 1936) is an American attorney. He was a candidate for the 2012 presidential nomination of the United States Libertarian Party.
Person was born in Manhattan and has lived in New York State most of his life with the exception of 2 years when his family lived in Nebraska and his 3 years of service in the U.S. Army. Person dropped out of Northport (New York) High School after his sophomore year, and joined the U.S. Army for a 3-year enlistment. His service included two years on Okinawa as a ship to shore high speed radio operator, to send and receive Morse code. Despite his lack of a high school diploma, Person is a graduate of Long Island University and Harvard Law School.
From 1962 to 1968, Person worked as an associate attorney for three New York corporate law firms, including Mudge, Stern, Baldwin & Todd, which accepted Richard M. Nixon as a partner in 1962, shortly after Nixon lost his first bid for the presidency to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, Person started his own law practice, and has been an individual practitioner ever since. Person’s law practice from the start has focused on litigation in federal and state courts. His first case, an antitrust action, was brought against General Motors, Ford Motor Company, Chrysler Corporation and others, and lasted 18 years. Person’s litigation experience includes civil rights, antitrust, mortgage foreclosure defense, securities fraud, copyright, trademark, age discrimination, price discrimination, employment termination, franchise termination, and other cases in which individuals and/or small businesses have claims against major corporations or government agencies.
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Charles Curtis
Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was a United States Representative, a longtime United States Senator from Kansas later chosen as Senate Majority Leader by his Republican colleagues, and the 31st Vice President of the United States (1929–1933). He was the first person with significant acknowledged Native American ancestry and the first person with significant acknowledged non-European ancestry to reach either of the two highest offices in the United States government's executive branch. His maternal ancestry was three-quarters' Native American, of ethnic Kaw, Osage and Pottawatomie ancestry. Curtis spent years of childhood living with his maternal grandparents on their Kaw reservation.
As an attorney, Curtis entered political life early, winning multiple terms from his district in Topeka, Kansas, starting in 1892 as a Republican to the US House of Representatives. He was elected to the US Senate first by the Kansas Legislature (in 1906), and then by popular vote (in 1914, 1920 and 1926), serving one six-year term from 1907 to 1913, and then most of three terms from 1915 to 1929 (when he became Vice President). His long popularity and connections in Kansas and national politics helped make Curtis a strong leader in the Senate; he marshaled support to be elected as Senate Minority Whip from 1915–1925 and then as Senate Majority Leader from 1925–1929. In these positions he was instrumental in managing legislation and accomplishing Republican national goals.
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Charles Jay
Charles Jay (born 1960) was the Presidential nominee of the United States Boston Tea Party in the 2008 United States presidential election. He was the presidential nominee of the Personal Choice Party in the 2004 election, achieving ballot status in Utah, and received 946 votes in the general election, coming in third from last.
Jay has a B.A. in business from the University of Miami, and has worked in the sport of boxing as a manager and spokesman, among other positions.
A former member of the U.S. Libertarian Party, he stepped down from the race for the Vice Presidential nomination to the 2004 ballot to run as for President under the Personal Choice Party banner. His vice presidential candidate was Marilyn Chambers, a porn star famous from the 1970s. The Jay/Chambers ticket received 946 votes in the general election.
On Monday, June 16, 2008, Jay won the Boston Tea Party's presidential nomination at its nomination convention that was held on the national party's website online and will again be the candidate of the Personal Choice Party. His running mate was blogger and online magazine editor Thomas L. Knapp.
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Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner (January 6, 1811 – March 11, 1874) was an American politician and senator from Massachusetts. An academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the antislavery forces in Massachusetts and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the United States Senate during the American Civil War and Reconstruction, working to punish the ex-Confederates and guarantee equal rights to the Freedmen.
Sumner changed his political party several times, gaining fame as a Republican. One of the most learned statesmen of the era, he specialized in foreign affairs, working closely with Abraham Lincoln to keep the British and the French from intervening on the side of the Confederacy during the Civil War. He devoted his enormous energies to the destruction of what he considered the Slave Power, that is the efforts of slave owners to take control of the federal government and ensure the survival and expansion of slavery.
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Chester Ashley
Chester Ashley (June 1, 1790 – April 29, 1848) was an American politician who represented Arkansas in the U.S. Senate from 1844 until his death.
Ashley was born in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1790; while a child he moved with his parents to Hudson, New York. He was a graduate, with honors, of Williams College; following this, he took a course in law in Litchfield, Connecticut. Ashley moved west upon completion of his education, going first to Illinois, and thence to Missouri. In 1820 he arrived in Little Rock, Arkansas, soon becoming one of the best and most prominent lawyers in the Arkansas Territory; for a time, his partner in practice was Robert Crittenden. Together, Ashley and Crittenden founded Rose Law Firm.
For some twenty years Ashley's practice was the largest in the state, and he became a wealthy man. This led him to try his hand at politics; in 1844 he canvassed the state campaigning for James K. Polk for president; the Democrats were victorious, and Ashley was elected by the state legislature to fill a vacancy in the Senate. Soon after entering, he was made the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee; in 1846, he was reelected to the Senate. Two years later he was taken suddenly ill in the Senate Chamber and died not long after.
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Chris Coons
Christopher Andrew "Chris" Coons (born September 9, 1963) is the junior United States senator from Delaware and a member of the Democratic Party. He won a special election in 2010 to succeed Joe Biden, who had resigned to become Vice President. Previously, Coons was the county executive of New Castle County. Coons is the 1983 Truman Scholar from Delaware, and the first recipient of the award to serve in the United States Senate.
A native of Hockessin, Delaware, Coons graduated from Amherst College and received graduate degrees from Yale Divinity School and Yale Law School. He went to work as a volunteer relief worker in Kenya, where he had taken classes in the University of Nairobi, later returning to the U.S. to work for the Coalition for the Homeless in New York. He spent some time as a legal clerk in New York before returning to Delaware in 1996, where he spent eight years as in-house counsel for a materials manufacturing company. In the interim he worked for several nonprofit organizations.
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Chris Dodd
Christopher John "Chris" Dodd (born May 27, 1944) is an American lawyer, lobbyist, and Democratic Party politician who served as a United States Senator from Connecticut for a thirty-year period ending with the 111th United States Congress.
Dodd is a Connecticut native and a graduate of Georgetown Preparatory School in Bethesda, Maryland, and Providence College. His father, Thomas J. Dodd, was one of Connecticut's United States Senators from 1959-1971. Chris Dodd served in the Peace Corps for two years prior to entering law school at the University of Louisville, and during law school concurrently served in the United States Army Reserve.
Dodd returned to Connecticut, winning election in 1974 to the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut's 2nd congressional district and was reelected in 1976 and 1978. He was elected United States Senator in the elections of 1980, and was the longest-serving senator in Connecticut's history.
Dodd served as general chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 1995 to 1997. He served as Chairman of the Senate Banking Committee until his retirement. In 2006, Dodd decided to run for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States, but eventually withdrew after running behind several other competitors. In January 2010, Dodd announced that he would not run for re-election in the 2010 midterm elections. Dodd was succeeded by Richard Blumenthal. On March 1, 2011, the Motion Picture Association of America announced that Dodd will head that organization.
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Christina Romer
Christina D. Romer (née Duckworth; born December 25, 1958) is the Class of 1957 Garff B. Wilson Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley and a former Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers in the Obama administration. She resigned from her role on the Council of Economic Advisers on September 3, 2010.
After her nomination and before the Obama administration took office, Romer worked with economist Jared Bernstein to co-author the administration's plan for recovery from the 2008 recession. In a January 2009 video presentation, she discussed details of the job-creation package that the Obama administration submitted to Congress.
Romer was born in Alton, Illinois. She graduated from Glen Oak High School in Canton, Ohio, in June 1977. She obtained her bachelor's degree in economics from The College of William & Mary in 1981, and her Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1985. Upon completion of her doctorate, she started working as an assistant professor at Princeton University. In 1988 she moved to the University of California, Berkeley and was promoted to full professor in 1993.
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Chuck Baldwin
Charles Obadiah "Chuck" Baldwin (born May 3, 1952) is an American politician and founder-pastor of Crossroad Baptist Church in Pensacola, Florida. He was the presidential nominee of the Constitution Party for the 2008 U.S. presidential election and had previously been its nominee for U.S. vice president in 2004. He hosts a daily one-hour radio program, Chuck Baldwin Live, and writes a daily editorial column carried on its website, on News with Views, and on VDare.
As a Republican Party member, Baldwin was state chairman of the Florida Moral Majority in the 1980s. However, during the 2000 campaign of Republican George W. Bush for U.S. President, Baldwin left the party and began a long period of criticism of Bush. Baldwin endorsed U.S. Representative Ron Paul for the 2008 Republican nomination for president, and Paul in turn endorsed Baldwin for the presidency in the 2008 general election.
Baldwin supports ending U.S. involvement in the United Nations, reducing U.S. income taxes, and repeal of the Patriot Act. He would withdraw troops from Iraq and seek to end illegal immigration by enforcing immigration laws. He supports the gold standard, the right to keep and bear arms, homeschooling, and the proposed Sanctity of Life Act, which would define "human life" and legal personhood as beginning at conception, and prevent federal courts from hearing cases on abortion-related legislation.
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Chuck Grassley
Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior United States Senator from Iowa, serving since 1981. A member of Republican Party, he previously served in the served in the United States House of Representatives (1975–1981) and the Iowa state legislature (1959–1974). He was chairman of the Senate Finance Committee from January to June 2001 and from January 2003 to December 2006. He is currently the ranking Republican on the Judiciary Committee.
Grassley was born in New Hartford, Iowa, the son of Ruth (née Corwin) and Louis Arthur Grassley, and graduated from the town high school. At Iowa State Teachers College (now the University of Northern Iowa), he earned a B.A. in 1955 and an M.A. in 1956. Also during the 1950s, Grassley farmed and worked in factories, first as a sheet metal shearer and then as an assembly line worker. He studied toward a Ph.D. in political science at the University of Iowa. In 1967-1968 Grassley taught at the now-defunct Charles City College.
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Civil war in Iraq
Following the U.S.-launched 2003 invasion of Iraq, the situation deteriorated, and by 2007, the intercommunal violence between Iraqi Sunni and Shi'a factions was described by the National Intelligence Estimate as having elements of a civil war. In a January 10, 2007 address to the American people, President George W. Bush stated that "80% of Iraq's sectarian violence occurs within 30 miles (48 km) of the capital. This violence is splitting Baghdad into sectarian enclaves, and shaking the confidence of all Iraqis." Two polls of Americans conducted in 2006 found that between 65% to 85% believed Iraq was in a civil war; however, a similar poll of Iraqis conducted in 2007 found that 61% did not believe that they were in a civil war.
In October 2006, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Iraqi government estimated that more than 365,000 Iraqis had been displaced since the 2006 bombing of the al-Askari Mosque, bringing the total number of Iraqi refugees to more than 1.6 million. By 2008, the UNHCR raised the estimate of refugees to a total of about 4.7 million (~16% of the population). The number of refugees estimated abroad was 2 million (a number close to CIA projections) and the number of internally displaced people was 2.7 million. In 2007, Iraq's anti-corruption board reported that 35% of Iraqi children, or about five million children, were orphans. The Red Cross has also stated that Iraq's humanitarian situation remains among the most critical in the world, with millions of Iraqis forced to rely on insufficient and poor-quality water sources.
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Claiborne Pell
Claiborne de Borda Pell (November 22, 1918 – January 1, 2009) was a United States Senator from Rhode Island, serving six terms from 1961 to 1997, and was best known as the sponsor of the Pell Grant, which provides financial aid funding to U.S. college students. A Democrat, he was that state's longest serving senator.
Pell attended St. George's School in Newport, Rhode Island and received an A.B. in history from Princeton University in 1940. While at Princeton, he was a member of Colonial Club, the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, and played on the rugby team.
Pell enlisted in the United States Coast Guard as a seaman second class on August 12,1941, four months before Pearl Harbor. He initially served as a ship's cook, was promoted to seaman first class on October 31 and was commissioned as an ensign on December 17, 1941. During the war he served on North Atlantic convoy duty and in Sicily and Italy. He was promoted to lieutenant (junior grade) on October 1, 1942 and to lieutenant in May 1943. He was discharged from active duty on September 5, 1945. He received the American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal and World War Two Victory Medal for his service during the Second World War. After the war, he remained in the United States Coast Guard Reserve, and retired with the rank of Captain.
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Clarence Thomas
Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Succeeding Thurgood Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the Court.
Thomas grew up in Savannah, Georgia and was educated at the College of the Holy Cross and at Yale Law School. In 1974, he was appointed an Assistant Attorney General in Missouri and subsequently practiced law there in the private sector. In 1979, he became a legislative assistant to Missouri United States Senator John Danforth and in 1981 was appointed Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education. In 1982, President Ronald Reagan appointed Thomas Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC); he served in that position until 1990, when President George H. W. Bush nominated him for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
On July 1, 1991, after 16 months of service as a judge, Thomas was nominated by Bush to fill Marshall's seat on the United States Supreme Court. Thomas's confirmation hearings were bitter and intensely fought, centering on an accusation that he had made unwelcome sexual comments to attorney Anita Hill, a subordinate at the Department of Education and subsequently at the EEOC. The U.S. Senate ultimately confirmed Thomas by a vote of 52–48.
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Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice ( /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and East European Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.
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Cynthia Hogan
Cynthia C. Hogan (born Cincinnati, Ohio about 1958) is the Counsel to the Vice President of the United States, Joe Biden, under President Barack Obama. Hogan previously worked as Chief Counsel to Vice President Biden during his time in the United States Senate and served as Staff Director of the Senate Judiciary Committee.
In 1995, she assisted with the drafting of anti-terrorism legislation.
She has experience with judicial nominations. During the confirmation process for Sonia Sotomayor's nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court, she was (metaphorically) Judge Sotomayor's sherpa.
She holds a B.A. in art history from Oberlin College (1979), and a J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School (1984). She was Notes Editor of the Virginia Law Review, then a clerk for U.S. District Court judge Edward Norman Cahn in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. She was an associate at Williams & Connolly, before going to work for Biden (1991–1996). She advised Biden unofficially while she stayed home raising her children.
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Cynthia McKinney
Cynthia Ann McKinney (born March 17, 1955) is an American politician and activist. McKinney was a member of the United States House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party, she served six terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives. In 2008, the Green Party of the United States nominated McKinney for President of the United States. She was the first African-American woman to have represented Georgia in the House.
In the 1992 election, McKinney was elected in the newly re-created 11th District, and was re-elected in 1994. When her district was redrawn and renumbered due to the Supreme Court of the United States ruling in Miller v. Johnson, McKinney was easily elected from the new 4th District in the 1996 election, and was re-elected twice without substantive opposition.
McKinney was defeated by Denise Majette in the 2002 Democratic primary. Some people believe she was defeated because of Republican crossover voting in Georgia's open primary election, which permits anyone from any party to vote in any party primary and "usually rewards moderate candidates and penalizes those outside the mainstream." Others believe that her defeat was due to her "her controversial profile, which included support for Arab causes and a suggestion that Bush knew in advance of the September 11 attacks."
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Dan Balz
Daniel J. Balz is a journalist at The Washington Post, where he has been a political correspondent since 1978. Balz has served as National Editor, Political Editor, White House correspondent and as the Washington Post’s Texas-based Southwest correspondent. Balz sometimes appears on the news show Meet the Press and frequently appears on the PBS program Washington Week. In April 2011 the White House Correspondents' Association honored Balz with the prestigious Merriman Smith Award for excellence in presidential coverage under deadline pressure.
Balz is co-author, with Ronald Brownstein of the Los Angeles Times, of the 1996 book Storming the Gates: Protest Politics and the Republican Revival. In 1999, Balz received the American Political Science Association award for political coverage.
Balz's latest work, co-written with Pulitzer Prize winner Haynes Johnson in 2009, is The Battle for America 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election" about the 2008 campaign, is based on two years of reporting, and includes exclusive interviews with President Obama, Senator John McCain and many of the top advisers to the major candidates in the 2008 election.
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Dan Quayle
James Danforth "Dan" Quayle ( /ˈkweɪl/; born February 4, 1947) served as the 44th Vice President of the United States, serving with President George H. W. Bush (1989–1993). He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Indiana.
Quayle was born in Indianapolis but spent most of his childhood living in Arizona. He married Marilyn Tucker in 1972 and obtained his J.D. from Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1974. He practiced law in Huntington, Indiana with his wife before being elected to the United States Congress in 1976, aged 29. In 1980, Quayle was elected to the Senate.
In 1988, Vice President George H. W. Bush was nominated for the presidency by the Republican Party and asked his party to nominate Quayle as his vice presidential running mate. Although this choice was met with some dismay, the Bush/Quayle ticket won the 1988 election over Democrats Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen. As vice president, Quayle made official visits to 47 countries and was appointed chairman of the National Space Council. He secured re-nomination for vice-president in 1992 but the Bush/Quayle ticket was defeated by Democrat Bill Clinton and his vice-presidential running mate, Al Gore.
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Daniel Imperato
Daniel Imperato (b. March 9, 1958, Boston, Massachusetts) is an American businessman, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the Libertarian Party nomination for President of the United States in 2008. Imperato has also unsuccessfully sought the Green Party, Reform Party, and Constitution Party nominations. A resident of West Palm Beach, Florida, the 2008 election was Imperato's first run for political office. Imperato's campaign literature describes him as an "independent Libertarian" and an "alternative candidate" for the Presidency.
Imperato grew up in Revere, Massachusetts. Daniel is the son of Paul "Sonny" Imperato and the late Mary C. Imperato. The Imperatos were originally immigrants from Italy. When promoting The Red Worm (a film he supposedly produced), Imperato claimed his family was descended from the Roman Emperor Nero.
Imperato is currently a Papal Knight [2] and a Knight of Malta [3].
Imperato was a board member and headed up the Palm Beach, Florida branch office of the African Center Foundation. Imperato's website claims the organization is a United Nations non-governmental organization [4] but in reality only works with the United Nations Economic and Social Council [5]. Imperato also is a Chaplain for the Latin/African American Chaplain's Association [6].
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Daniel Rodney
Daniel Rodney (September 10, 1764 – September 2, 1846) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party, and later the National Republican Party, who served as Governor of Delaware, U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Rodney was born at Lewes, Delaware, son of John and Ruth Hunn Rodney, brother of future Governor Caleb Rodney, and distantly related to President Caesar Rodney. He married Sarah Fisher and they had eight children, Hannah, George Brydges, John, William, Henry Fisher, Nicholas, Susan, and Mary. They lived at 231 Second Street and were members of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Lewes.
Rodney received little schooling, and worked as a sailor and merchant for some years. There is a story that before he was 21 years old he had his own ship and that during the American Revolution he was twice captured by the British. From 1793 to 1806, he served as a Judge in the Court of Common Pleas, during roughly the same time as Trustee of the Poor. He was also a trustee of Wilmington College.
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Darcy Richardson
Darcy G. Richardson (born December 6, 1955) is an American self-published author, amateur historian, blogger and political activist.
In the 2012 presidential election, Richardson is the first candidate that has filed to challenge incumbent Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States in New Hampshire and other states.
Richardson is the author of A Nation Divided: The 1968 Presidential Campaign, published in 2002. The book describes in detail the "Clean for Gene" phenomenon that led to President Lyndon B. Johnson's startling withdrawal from the race and Robert F. Kennedy's opportunistic last-minute candidacy, as well as the campaigns of Republican Richard M. Nixon and others. He has also authored four books of a planned seven volume series on the history of third party politics in the United States, with a heavy focus on progressive movements. All of his books are self-published through iUniverse. The first volume, "Others: Third-Party Politics From the Nation's Founding to the Rise and Fall of the Greenback-Labor Party" earned a Choice magazine Outstanding Academic Title (OAT) award for 2005.[unreliable source?]
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Darrell Castle
Darrell Castle (born 1948) is an American political figure, activist and attorney from Memphis, Tennessee, and was the vice presidential candidate of the Constitution Party in the 2008 United States presidential election.
Castle grew up in northeastern Tennessee in a small town near Kingsport. He attended Ketron High School and East Tennessee State University, graduating from each in 1966 and 1970, respectively. At ETSU, he earned a B.S., double-majoring in political science and history.
Castle was then commissioned as an officer in the United States Marine Corps, serving for four years and attaining the rank of First Lieutenant. He cites his military service as fostering his belief that war should not be entered into capriciously nor without congressional approval. After his discharge, he returned to ETSU and began his graduate study of history. He then attended the law school at University of Memphis, then known as Memphis State University, and earned his Juris Doctor in 1979.
Upon receiving his J.D. in Memphis, Castle became an attorney. In 1984, he opened a private firm which later grew into Darrell Castle and Associates. Since then, Castle has opened firms in Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Detroit, Michigan; and Kansas City, Missouri. His firms focus on consumer bankruptcy and personal injury, but also represent clients in the areas of social security/disability and workers' compensation.
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David Axelrod
David M. Axelrod (born February 22, 1955) is an American political consultant based in Chicago, Illinois. He was a top political advisor to President Bill Clinton as well as campaign advisor to President Barack Obama during Obama's successful run for Presidency. Following the 2008 election, Axelrod was appointed as Senior Advisor to Obama. Axelrod left the White House position in early 2011 to become the Communications Director for Obama's re-election campaign.
Axelrod was formerly a political writer for the Chicago Tribune. He is the founder of AKPD Message and Media, and operated ASK Public Strategies, now called ASGK Public Strategies.
Axelrod grew up in Stuyvesant Town on the East Side of Manhattan, in a Jewish-American household. He attended Public School 40 in Manhattan. Axelrod's father was a psychologist and avid baseball fan. His mother worked as a journalist at PM, a left-wing 1940s newspaper. Axelrod's parents separated when he was eight years old. Axelrod traces his political involvement back to his childhood. Describing the appeal of politics, he told the Los Angeles Times, "I got into politics because I believe in idealism. Just to be a part of this effort that seems to be rekindling the kind of idealism that I knew when I was a kid, it's a great thing to do. So I find myself getting very emotional about it." At thirteen years old, he was selling campaign buttons for Robert F. Kennedy. After graduating from New York's Stuyvesant High School in 1972, Axelrod attended the University of Chicago. He majored in political science. As an undergraduate, Axelrod wrote for the Hyde Park Herald, covering politics, and picked up an internship at the Chicago Tribune. He lost his father to suicide about the time of his graduation from college in 1977.
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David Duke
David Ernest Duke (born July 1, 1950) is a former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan an American activist and writer, and former Republican Louisiana State Representative. He was a candidate in the Democratic presidential primaries in 1988 and the Republican presidential primaries in 1992. Duke has unsuccessfully run for the Louisiana State Senate, U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and Governor of Louisiana.
A former Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Duke describes himself as a racial realist, asserting that "all people have a basic human right to preserve their own heritage." He is in strong opposition to what he asserts to be Jewish control of the Federal Reserve Bank, the federal government and the media. Duke supports stopping both legal and illegal Non-European immigration, preservation of what he labels Western culture and traditionalist Christian "family values", strict Constitutionalism, abolition of the Internal Revenue Service, voluntary racial segregation, ardent anti-communism and white separatism.
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David Petraeus
David Howell Petraeus (pronunciation: /pɨˈtreɪ.əs/; born November 7, 1952) is the current Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He was sworn in on September 6, 2011. Prior to his assuming the directorship of the CIA, Petraeus was a four-star general serving over 37 years in the United States Army. His last assignments in the Army were as commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Commander, U.S. Forces Afghanistan (USFOR-A) from July 4, 2010 to July 18, 2011. His other four-star assignments include serving as the 10th Commander, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) from October 13, 2008, to June 30, 2010, and as Commanding General, Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I) from February 10, 2007, to September 16, 2008. As commander of MNF-I, Petraeus oversaw all coalition forces in Iraq.
Petraeus has a B.S. degree from the United States Military Academy from which he graduated in 1974 as a distinguished cadet (top 5% of his class). He was the General George C. Marshall Award winner as the top graduate of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College class of 1983. He subsequently earned an M.P.A. in 1985 and a Ph.D. degree in International Relations in 1987 from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University. He later served as Assistant Professor of International Relations at the United States Military Academy and also completed a fellowship at Georgetown University.
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Dennis Kucinich
Dennis John Kucinich ( /kuːˈsɪnɪtʃ/; born October 8, 1946) is the U.S. Representative for Ohio's 10th congressional district, serving since 1997. He was furthermore a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections.
The district includes most of western Cleveland as well as suburbs such as Parma and Lakewood. He is a member of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.
From 1977 to 1979, Kucinich served as the 53rd mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, a tumultuous term in which he survived a recall election and was successful in a battle against selling the municipal electric utility before being defeated for reelection by George Voinovich.
Through his various governmental positions and campaigns, Kucinich has attracted attention for consistently delivering "the strongest liberal" perspective. This perspective has been shown by his actions, such as bringing articles of impeachment against President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney, and being the only Democratic candidate in the 2008 election to have voted against invading Iraq, although eventual nominee Barack Obama had also opposed the Iraq War at the time it was started, even though he had not been in Congress at the time.
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Diane Beall Templin
Diane Beall Templin (born May 23, 1947, Buffalo, New York) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1996 election, the 2004 election, and the 2008 election.
In 1996 her running mate was Gary Van Horn; that year she was on the ballot in Utah representing the Independent American Party (IAP), where she received 1,290 votes; in Colorado she represented the American Party and received 557 votes. The 2000 ticket of the American Party, Don Rogers and Albert B. "Al" Moore, promised that if elected they would nominate Templin to head the Environmental Protection Agency and to the United States Supreme Court. When she ran again in 2004, her Vice Presidential nominee was Al Moore; they were not on the ballot in any state. They replaced the brief American Party ticket of Robert Boyd[disambiguation needed
] and Walter Thompson[disambiguation needed ], who chose to withdraw.
Templin was one of 135 candidates who ran for governor in the 2003 California gubernatorial recall election, receiving 1,067 votes. The San Diego described her as a "swing dance enthusiast." During the recall campaign, Templin appeared on a statewide PBS news program as she was dipped by a dance partner while declaring that California was "upside down." She has also run for California Attorney General in 1998 and 2002 as a candidate of the American Independent Party of California and has been a perennial candidate for Congress in California's 50th and 51st district in 2004.
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Dianne Feinstein
Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein ( /ˈfaɪnstaɪn/; born June 22, 1933) is the senior United States Senator from California. A member of the Democratic Party, she has served in the Senate since 1992. She also served as 38th Mayor of San Francisco from 1978 to 1988.
Born in San Francisco, Feinstein graduated from Stanford University. In the 1960s she worked in city government, and in 1970 she was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. She served as the board's first female president in 1978, during which time the assassinations of Mayor George Moscone and City Supervisor Harvey Milk drew national attention to the city. Feinstein, who was the first to discover the shootings, succeeded Moscone as mayor. During her tenure as San Francisco's first female mayor she took a politically moderate stance, leading a revamp of the city's cable car system and overseeing the 1984 Democratic National Convention.
After a failed gubernatorial campaign in 1990, she won a 1992 special election to the U.S. Senate. Feinstein was first elected on the same ballot as her peer Barbara Boxer, and the two became California's first female U.S. Senators. Feinstein formerly chaired the Senate Rules Committee (2007–2009) and has chaired the Select Committee on Intelligence since 2009. She is also the first woman to have presided over a U.S. presidential inauguration.
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Dick Cheney
Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30, 1941) served as the 46th Vice President of the United States (2001–2009), under George W. Bush.
Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, Cheney was primarily raised in Sumner, Nebraska, and Casper, Wyoming. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger, eventually working his way into the White House during the Nixon and Ford administrations, where he served the latter as White House Chief of Staff. In 1978, Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming; he was reelected five times, eventually becoming House Minority Whip. Cheney was selected to be the Secretary of Defense during the presidency of George H. W. Bush, holding the position for the majority of Bush's term. During this time, Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm, among other actions.
Out of office during the Clinton presidency, Cheney was chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000.
Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. He is of predominantly English, as well as Welsh, Irish, and French Huguenot, ancestry; Cheney's 8th great-grandfather, William Cheney, immigrated from England to Massachusetts in the 17th century. Although not a direct descendant, he is collaterally related to Benjamin Pierce Cheney (1815–1895), the early American expressman. Cheney is a very distant cousin of both Harry S. Truman and Barack Obama; the three share a common ancestor in Mareen Duvall, a Huguenot who fled from France to England in the 17th century and later settled in Maryland. His father was a soil conservation agent for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and his mother was a softball star in the 1930s; Cheney was one of three children.
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Dick Gephardt
Richard Andrew "Dick" Gephardt (/ˈɡɛp.hɑrt/; born January 31, 1941) is a lobbyist and former prominent American politician of the Democratic Party. Gephardt served as a U.S. Representative from Missouri from January 3, 1977, until January 3, 2005, serving as House Majority Leader from 1989 to 1995, and as Minority Leader from 1995 to 2003. He also ran unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in 1988 and 2004. Gephardt was mentioned as a possible vice presidential nominee in 1988, 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2008.
Since his retirement from politics, he founded a Washington-based public affairs firm, Gephardt Government Affairs, and an Atlanta-based labor consultancy, the Gephardt Group.
Gephardt was born into a family in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Loreen Estelle (née Cassell) and Louis Andrew Gephardt, a Teamster milkman; part of his ancestry is German. He graduated from the former Southwest High School in 1958. Gephardt is an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He earned his B.S. at Northwestern University in 1962 where he was president of Beta Theta Pi, the student senate, and his freshman class. He earned his J.D. at the University of Michigan Law School in 1965.
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Donald Rumsfeld
Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is an American politician and businessman. Rumsfeld served as the 13th Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford, and as the 21st Secretary of Defense from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. He is both the youngest and the oldest person to have served as Secretary of Defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a four-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1962–1969), Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), Counsellor to the President (1969–1973), the United States Permanent Representative to NATO (1973–1974), and White House Chief of Staff (1974–1975).
Born in Illinois, Rumsfeld attended Princeton University, graduating in 1954 with a degree in political science. After serving in the Navy for three years, he mounted a campaign for Congress in Illinois' 13th Congressional District, winning in 1962 at the age of 30. Reelected four times, he was a leading co-sponsor of the Freedom of Information Act. Rumsfeld was reluctantly appointed by President Richard Nixon to head the Office of Economic Opportunity in 1969; appointed Counselor by Nixon and entitled to Cabinet-level status, he would also head up the Economic Stabilization Program before being appointed Ambassador to NATO. Called back to Washington in August 1974, Rumsfeld was appointed Chief of Staff by President Ford, recruiting a young one-time staffer of his, Dick Cheney, to succeed him when Ford nominated Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense in 1975.
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Doug Stanhope
Douglas Gene "Doug" Stanhope (born March 25, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and author known for his on-stage drinking and abrasive comedy routines.
Stanhope quit high school after his freshman year. His comedy career began in 1990 in Las Vegas.
Stanhope has made appearances at several major comedy festivals, including the Montreal Just For Laughs, US Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, Colorado, the Chicago Comedy Festival and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in Scotland, where he won the Strathmore Press Award in 2002.
Stanhope was the winner of the 1995 San Francisco International Comedy Competition where he edged out notable comedic actor Dane Cook in a three-week contest. He's appeared in dozens of national and international standup comedy television specials. He claims that his appearance on the BBC television show, Live Floor Show, (broadcast March 20, 2003) was fueled by "ecstasy". According to Stanhope, "TV is just for the money; live performance is where it’s at."
In 2003 and 2004, Stanhope co-hosted the fifth and sixth seasons of The Man Show with Joe Rogan.
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Douglas Applegate
Douglas "Doug" Applegate (born March 27, 1928) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. Applegate is a Democrat.
Born in Steubenville, Ohio, he attended local public schools, and graduated from Steubenville High School in 1947, after which he engaged in the real estate business. In 1960, Applegate was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives, and was reelected in 1962, 1964 and 1966. By 1968, he had moved up to the Ohio Senate, and was reelected once more in 1972.
In 1976, Congressman Wayne Hays opted to retire, and Applegate was looked upon as the frontrunner to replace him. He went on to win that November. He would go on to serve a total of nine terms in the United States House of Representatives.
By 1994, Applegate had served almost two decades in the House, and opted to retire. He was succeeded by Bob Ney.
Following his tenure, Applegate retired, and has not sought elected office since.
The United States Post Office at 150 N. 3rd Street, Steubenville was designated the "Douglas Applegate Post Office" on July 9, 1997.
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Dudley Chase
Dudley Chase (December 30, 1771 – February 23, 1846) was a United States Senator from Vermont.
He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1791, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793. He worked as a prosecuting attorney for Orange County, Vermont from 1803 to 1812.
He served as a member of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1805 to 1812, and speaker from 1808 to 1812.
Chase was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate in 1813 and again as an National Republican in 1825.
Dudley Chase was an uncle of Salmon P. Chase (Treasury Secretary, 1861–1864 and Chief Justice of the United States, 1864–1873) and Dudley Chase Denison (a U.S. Representative from Vermont.)
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Duncan Hunter
Duncan Lee Hunter (born May 31, 1948) is an American politician. He was a Republican member of the House of Representatives from California's 52nd, 45th and 42nd districts from 1981 to 2009.
Hunter was the chairman of the House Armed Services Committee during the 108th and 109th Congress. Hunter sought the Republican Party nomination for President of the United States for 2008, but his campaign failed to attract significant voters or delegates in early primary and caucus states, and he dropped out after the Nevada Republican caucuses.
He was succeeded as Representative for the 52nd district by his son, Duncan D. Hunter.
Hunter was born in Riverside, California to Lola L. (née Young) and Robert Olin Hunter. He graduated from Rubidoux High School in Riverside in 1966. He attended the University of Montana from 1966 to 1967, and then briefly the University of California, Santa Barbara, before being commissioned into the United States Army in 1969.
He served in South Vietnam from 1970 to 1971 during the Vietnam War in the Army Rangers' 75th Ranger Regiment, attached to the 173rd Airborne Brigade. He participated in 24 helicopter assaults as well as in a small-number of night-time reconnaissance patrols. He held the rank of First Lieutenant, and was awarded the Bronze Star,Air Medal, and service ribbons such as the Vietnam Service Medal. He has said, "I didn't do anything special in the U.S. Army, but I served with very special soldiers I will never forget."
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Earl Dodge
Earl Farwell Dodge, Jr. (December 24, 1932 – November 7, 2007) was a long-time temperance movement leader and a politician of the Prohibition Party, from the U.S. state of Colorado.
Dodge was born in Revere, Massachusetts on December 24, 1932., and joined the Prohibition Party at age 19. He was appointed Chairman of the Prohibition Party in 1979 while the party was operating under the name of the National Statesmen Party; the party name was re-instated following the 1980 election.
In addition to his work with the Prohibition Party, Dodge was active in various other temperance organizations, as well as the Right to Life movement, and in several political memorabilia collecting organizations. In his later years, Dodge began to make a living producing political items.
The following is a list of his candidacies:
Dodge was waiting to board a flight en route from Denver International Airport to Pennsylvania, when he suddenly collapsed. Doctors confirmed it was cardiac arrhythmia. He died on November 7, 2007.
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Edward Winn
Edward Winn (February 12, 1937 — June 25, 1995) was a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the 1984 and 1988 presidential elections, representing the Socialist Equality Party (US). In 1984 his running mate varied from state to state, being either Helen Halyard (e.g. in Pennsylvania)[1] or Edward Bergonzi (e.g. in Ohio.[2] In 1988 his running mate again varied, being either Helen Halyard or Barry Porster (e.g. in Iowa)[3].
Winn had been a sixteen-year member of the party's Central Committee, and an executive board member of the Transport Workers Union Local 100 and played a leading role in the 1980 New York City transit strike.
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Elaine Brown
Elaine Brown (born March 2, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American prison activist, writer, singer, and former Black Panther leader who is based in Oakland, California. She is a former chairperson of the Black Panther Party. Brown briefly ran for the Green Party presidential nomination in 2008. She currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, and is a founder of Mothers Advocating Juvenile Justice.
On December 28, 2007, Elaine Brown renounced her affiliation with the Green Party and her bid for Presidency.
Brown grew up in the ghetto of North Philadelphia, with a single, working mother and an absent father. Despite desperate poverty, Brown’s mother worked to provide for Elaine’s private schooling, music lessons, and nice clothing. As a young woman, Elaine had few African-American friends but spent most of her time with her white friends. After graduating from Philadelphia High School for Girls, she studied at Temple University for less than a semester. After withdrawing from Temple Brown moved to Los Angeles, California to try being a professional songwriter.
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Elbridge Gerry
Elbridge Thomas Gerry (/ˈɛlbrɪdʒ ˈɡɛri/; July 17th, 1744 – November 23rd, 1814) was an American statesman and diplomat. As a Democratic-Republican he was selected as the fifth Vice President of the United States (1813–1814), serving under James Madison, until his death a year and a half into his term.
Gerry was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. He was one of three men who refused to sign the United States Constitution because it did not then include a Bill of Rights. Gerry later became the ninth Governor of Massachusetts. He is known best for being the namesake of gerrymandering, a process by which electoral districts are drawn with the aim of aiding the party in power, although its initial "g" has softened to /dʒ/ from the hard /ɡ/ of his name.
Born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, the third of twelve children, he was a graduate of Harvard College, where he studied to be a doctor, attending there from age fourteen. He worked in his father's shipping business and came to prominence over his opposition to commerce taxes. He was elected to the General Court of the province of Massachusetts in May 1772 on an anti-British platform.
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Elisabeth Bumiller
Elisabeth Bumiller (born May 15, 1956) is an American author and journalist who is currently the Pentagon correspondent for the New York Times.
Born in Aalborg, Denmark to a Danish mother and American father, Bumiller moved to the U.S. when she was three years old. She moved to Cincinnati, where she graduated from Walnut Hills High School in 1974, and was inducted into their Alumni Hall of Fame on April 30, 2011. She is a 1977 graduate of Northwestern University and in 1979 of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.
She was a reporter for the Washington Post in Washington, New Delhi, Tokyo, and New York, before joining the New York Times.
She has been married since 1983 to Steven R. Weisman, also a former White House correspondent, who reported from India and Japan for the New York Times and is now editorial director and public policy fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. The couple have two children.
Bumiller was the Times' White House correspondent from September 10, 2001 until 2007. She has been criticized, along with other White House reporters, for not questioning George W. Bush aggressively during a press conference in the run-up to the Iraq war. Bumiller said, on the press conference in 2003 on the eve of the U.S. invasion of Iraq:
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Eric Chester
Eric Thomas Chester (born 6 August 1943) is an American author, socialist political activist, and former economics professor.
Born in New York City, he is the son of Harry (a UAW economist) and Alice (a psychiatrist née Fried) Chester. Both parents were active socialists from Vienna, opposing the rise of fascism and nazism.
Chester was a member of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) while at the University of Michigan in the 1960s, when he opposed the war in Vietnam. In the spring of 1965 he was among those answering the call of the southern civil rights movement, going to Alabama to demonstrate against the federal government's support of Alabama's segregationist policies. Later that summer he once again answered the call, going to Jackson, Mississippi in support of people struggling against the segregationist policies of Mississippi and the federal government. He spent 10 days in the Hinds County, Mssissippi jail. In October, 1965 he was arrested in Ann Arbor, Michigan as part of one of the first acts of civil disobedience against the American government's warfare against the people of Viet Nam. He was a member of New American Movement in the 1970s, and has been a member of the Socialist Party USA since 1980. He helped organize the faculty union while teaching at the University of Massachusetts Boston. He is currently a member of the National Writers Union (UAW), an active member in the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), the Socialist Party of Massachusetts, and the Socialist Party USA, and was the Socialist Party USA’s candidate for Vice President in 1996. The 1996 Socialist Party USA presidential ticket of Mary Cal Hollis and Chester received 4,765 votes. He campaigned for the SP's Presidential nomination for the 2000, 2004 and 2008 elections, but lost to David McReynolds, Walt Brown and Brian Moore, respectively. He twice ran for Congress from Massachusetts's First Congressional District, in 2002 and 2006.
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Eric Holder
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. (born January 21, 1951) is the 82nd and current Attorney General of the United States and the first black American to hold the position, serving under President Barack Obama.
Holder previously served as a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and a United States Attorney. In that office he prosecuted Congressman Dan Rostenkowski (Democrat, Illinois) for corruption charges related to his role in the Congressional Post Office scandal. Later, he was Deputy Attorney General of the United States and worked at the law firm of Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C. He was senior legal advisor to then-Senator Barack Obama during Obama's presidential campaign and one of three members of Obama's vice-presidential selection committee.
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. was born in the Bronx, New York, to parents with roots in Barbados.[dead link] Holder's father, Eric Himpton Holder, Sr. (1905–1970) was born in Saint Joseph, Barbados and arrived in the United States at the age of 11. He later became a real estate broker. His mother, Miriam, was born in New Jersey, while his maternal grandparents were immigrants from Saint Philip, Barbados. Holder grew up in East Elmhurst, Queens, and attended public school until the age of 10. When entering the 4th grade he was selected to participate in a program for intellectually gifted students. In 1969, he graduated from Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan and attended Columbia University, where he played freshman basketball and was co-captain of his team. He earned a A.B. degree in American history in 1973. Holder received his Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School, graduating in 1976. He worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund during his first summer and the United States Attorney during his second summer.
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Eric Shinseki
Eric Ken "Rick" Shinseki (/ʃɨnˈsɛki/; born November 28, 1942) is a retired United States Army four-star general who is currently serving as the 7th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. His final U.S. Army post was as the 34th Chief of Staff of the Army (1999–2003). He is a veteran of combat in Vietnam, where he sustained a foot injury.
Shinseki was born in Lihue, Kauai in the then Territory of Hawaii, to an American family of Japanese ancestry. His grandparents immigrated from Hiroshima to Hawaii in 1901. He grew up in a sugar plantation community on Kaua'i and graduated from Kaua'i High and Intermediate School in 1960. After high school, he attended the United States Military Academy and graduated in 1965 with a Bachelor of Science degree and a commission as a second lieutenant. He earned a Master of Arts degree in English Literature from Duke University. He was also educated at the Armor Officer Advanced Course, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and the National War College.
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Eugene McCarthy
Eugene Joseph "Gene" McCarthy (March 29, 1916 – December 10, 2005) was an American politician, poet, and a long-time member of the United States Congress from Minnesota. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and the U.S. Senate from 1959 to 1971.
In the 1968 presidential election, McCarthy was the first candidate to challenge incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson for the Democratic nomination for president of the United States, running on an anti-Vietnam War platform. The unexpected vote total he achieved in the New Hampshire primary and his strong polling in the upcoming Wisconsin primary led Johnson to withdraw from the race, and lured Robert F. Kennedy into the contest. Fellow Minnesotan US Vice-President Hubert Humphrey also entered the race after Johnson's withdrawal. McCarthy would unsuccessfully seek the presidency five times altogether.
McCarthy was the son of a deeply religious mother of German descent, Anna (née Baden), and strong-willed father of Irish descent, Michael J. McCarthy, who was a postmaster and cattle buyer known for his earthy wit. McCarthy grew up in Watkins, Minnesota, as one of four children, and attended St. Anthony's Catholic School in Watkins. A bright student who spent hours reading his aunt's Harvard Classics, he was deeply influenced by the monks at nearby St. John's Abbey and University. McCarthy spent nine months as a novice before he left the monastery, causing a fellow novice to say, "It was like losing a 20-game winner."
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Eugene Puryear
Eugene Puryear (born February 28, 1986 in Charlottesville, Virginia) is an American activist who was the vice presidential nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL) in the 2008 United States presidential election.
Puryear studied at Howard University as well as a leading activist with the anti-war ANSWER coalition and has helped organize large protests against the Israeli blockade of Gaza. He also writes for the PSL's newspaper and journal. Puryear and the ANSWER coalition were involved in the campaign to free the Jena 6. As a freshman at Howard in 2005, Puryear was interviewed by the Washington Post as an "activist-in-training" and cited his engagement with activism against gentrification, racism, the US occupation of Iraq and other issues. In November 2010, RT interviewed Puryear regarding socialism in the United States.
In 2008, Puryear ran on the Party for Socialism and Liberation's ticket alongside presidential nominee Gloria La Riva. The La Riva/Puryear slate was on the ballot in six states and received 6,818 total votes.
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Evan Bayh
Birch Evans "Evan" Bayh III (pronounced /ˈbaɪ/ BY; born December 26, 1955) is a lawyer, advisor and former Democratic politician who served as the junior U.S. Senator from Indiana from 1999 to 2011. He earlier served as the 46th Governor of Indiana from 1989 to 1997.
Bayh first held public office as the Secretary of State of Indiana, elected in 1986. He held the position for only two years before being elected Governor where he successfully advocated for state welfare reform, tax cuts, and fiscal discipline. He left his office after completing two terms and briefly took a job lecturing at Indiana University Kelley School of Business, before being elected to the U.S. Senate seat once held by his father, Birch Bayh.
On February 15, 2010, Bayh announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate in 2010. After leaving the Senate, he became a partner with the law firm McGuireWoods in the firm's Washington, D.C., office. He also serves as a senior adviser with Apollo Global Management. He was hired as a Fox News contributor in March 2011.
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Evan Ryan
Evan Maureen Ryan is the assistant for intergovernmental affairs and public liaison for Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States.
Ryan is married to Tony Blinken, National Security Adviser to Vice President Joe Biden since January 2009.
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Evan Thomas
Evan Welling Thomas III (born 25 April 1951) is an American journalist and author. He currently teaches journalism at Princeton University.
Thomas was born in Huntington, New York and was raised in Cold Spring Harbor, New York. A graduate of Phillips Andover, Harvard University, and the University of Virginia School of Law, since 1991 he has been the assistant managing editor at Newsweek. He formerly worked for TIME. Thomas began his reporting career at The Bergen Record in New Jersey. He won his numerous journalism awards, including the National Magazine Award in 1998 for Newsweek’s coverage of the Monica Lewinsky scandal, and the 2009 Clarion award.
Thomas is a regular panelist on the weekly public affairs TV show "Inside Washington".
June 5, 2009, while being interviewed by Chris Matthews on Hardball with Chris Matthews, Thomas provoked controversy by stating that Barack Obama was "sort of God." In response to criticism of this comment, Thomas responded with the following:
What I said was: "In a way, Obama's standing above the country, above -- above the world, a sort of god." I was not being literal. During a discussion about presidential rhetoric, I was comparing Ronald Reagan's patriotic appeals with Obama's attempt to transcend parochialism.
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Fathi Eljahmi
Fathi Eljahmi (Arabic: فتحي الجهمي) ( 4 April 1941 - 21 May 2009) was Libya's "most prominent democratic dissident" until his death, and received significant international attention.
He was arrested in October 2002 and sentenced to five years in prison for stating at a 'People's Conference' in Tripoli that reform in Libya would require a constitution, free speech and democracy. He was briefly released in March 2004 after U.S. Senator Joe Biden met with Gaddafi, and then re-imprisoned after calling for democratization of Libya in a television interview. In early 2004 he, his wife, and his eldest son were taken into custody. The Libyan government claimed that Eljahmi was put on trial in late 2005, accused of the capital charges of "trying to overthrow the government, insulting Col. Gaddafi and contacting foreign authorities, after he talked to a US diplomat." During her visit to Libya, the American Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice pleaded for Eljahmi's release from solitary detention. Eljahmi remained imprisoned. ElJahmi died on 21 May 2009 in Amman, Jordan, where he had been evacuated for emergency medical treatment after he fell into a coma in Libyan custody.
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Felix Grundy
Felix Grundy (September 11, 1775 – December 19, 1840) was a U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator from Tennessee who also served as the 13th Attorney General of the United States.
Born in Berkeley County, Virginia (now Berkeley County, West Virginia), he moved to Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and then Kentucky with his parents. He was educated at home and at the Bardstown Academy in Bardstown, Kentucky. He then studied law and was admitted to the Kentucky bar and commenced practice in Springfield, Kentucky in 1799.
In 1799, Grundy was chosen to represent Washington County at the convention which drafted the second Kentucky Constitution. From 1800 to 1802, he represented Washington County in the Kentucky House of Representatives. He then moved to Nelson County, which he represented in the Kentucky House from 1804 to 1806. On December 10, 1806, he was commissioned an associate justice on the Kentucky Court of Appeals. He was elevated to Chief Justice of the court on April 11, 1807. Later that year, he resigned and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he again took up the practice of law.
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Frank Church
Frank Forrester Church III (July 25, 1924 – April 7, 1984) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a United States Senator from Idaho from 1957 to 1981.
Church was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 1976 presidential election, losing to Jimmy Carter. He is known for heading the Church Committee, which investigated abuses in the U.S. intelligence agencies.
Frank Church was raised in Boise, Idaho. In his youth, Church admired William E. Borah, who then represented Idaho in the United States Senate. Church graduated from Boise High School in 1942, where he served as student body president. As a junior in 1941, he won the American Legion National Oratorical Contest. The prize was sufficient to provide for four years at the college of the winner's choice. Church chose Stanford University, enrolling in 1942.
In 1943, Church enlisted in the U.S. Army and served as a military intelligence officer[citation needed] in the China-Burma-India theater. Following his discharge in 1946, he returned to Stanford to complete his education, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1947.
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Frank McEnulty
Frank Edward McEnulty (born 1956) is an American businessperson and politician. In the 2008 presidential election, he was both the Vice Presidential nominee of the Reform Party of the United States of America and the presidential nominee of the New American Independent Party. His running mate was Bobby Klingler. In total, he received 833 votes in the presidential election for his Presidential candidacy and 481 for his Vice-Presidential candidacy. [1]
McEnulty is the President and Chief Financial Officer of Our Castle Homes, a residential building company which develops neighborhoods.
McEnulty is also President of I Made A Movie, Inc, www.imadeamovie.com and the President of more than a dozen other small, entrepreneurial enterprises.
McEnulty is Catholic and a Fourth Degree member of the Knights of Columbus.
In 2010, McEnulty resurfaced to criticize Barack Obama, saying: “By the time the election was over, many people were viewing him as the second coming and no one can live up to those expectations. Unfortunately, he has also failed to live up to even more down to earth expectations as well, which is why I believe so many people are becoming more and more disenchanted with him.”
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Fred Karger
Fred S. Karger (born January 31, 1950) is an American political consultant, gay rights activist and watchdog, former actor, and candidate for the Republican nomination for the 2012 US Presidential election. Although he has not held elected or public office, Karger has worked on nine presidential campaigns and served as a senior consultant to the campaigns of Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Gerald Ford. Karger was a partner at the Dolphin Group, a California campaign consulting firm. He retired after 27 years and has since worked as an activist on gay rights causes, from protecting the gay bar The Boom to using his organization Californians Against Hate to investigate the LDS Church's and the National Organization for Marriage's campaigns to repeal the state's same-sex marriage law. His running for the Republican nomination for president makes him the first openly gay presidential candidate from a major political party in American history.
Karger was born in Glencoe, Illinois, the son of Jean (née Foreman), an active community volunteer, and Robert S. Karger, who owned a brokerage firm. Karger graduated from New Trier High School in 1968 and earned a B.A. in speech communications from the University of Denver in 1972. Karger moved to Los Angeles from Chicago and began acting. He appeared in a John Hughes-directed Edge Shave Cream commercial, as well as featured roles in Owen Marshall: Counselor at Large; Rich Man, Poor Man; Horshack! (a pilot for a spinoff from Welcome Back Kotter); and Airport – 1975. However, Karger continued to follow his passion for politics, and eventually landed with the Dolphin Group in 1977.
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Fred Thompson
Fred Dalton Thompson (born Freddie Dalton Thompson; August 19, 1942), is an American politician, actor, attorney, lobbyist, columnist, and radio host. Thompson, a Republican, served in the United States Senate representing Tennessee from 1994 to 2003.
Thompson served as chairman of the International Security Advisory Board at the United States Department of State, was a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and is a Visiting Fellow with the American Enterprise Institute, specializing in national security and intelligence.
As an actor, Thompson has appeared in a large number of movies and television shows. He has frequently portrayed governmental figures. In the final months of his U.S. Senate term in 2002, Thompson joined the cast of the long-running NBC television series Law & Order, playing Manhattan District Attorney Arthur Branch.
In May 2007 he took a break from acting in order to run for the Republican nomination for president in the 2008 election, winning 11 delegates before dropping out of the race in January 2008. In 2009 he returned to acting with a guest appearance on the ABC television series Life on Mars and in the movie Alleged, about the Scopes Trial.
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Frederick Van Nuys
Frederick Van Nuys (April 16, 1874 – January 25, 1944) was a United States Senator from Indiana. Born in Falmouth, he attended the public schools and graduated from Earlham College (Richmond, Indiana) in 1898 and from the predecessor of the now Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in 1900. He was admitted to the bar in 1900 and commenced practice in Shelbyville moving shortly afterward to Anderson. From 1906 to 1910 he was prosecuting attorney of Madison County and was a member of the Indiana Senate from 1913 to 1916, serving as president pro tempore in 1915. He moved to Indianapolis in 1916 and continued the practice of law; he was United States attorney for the district of Indiana from 1920 to 1922.
Frederick Van Nuys was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 1932, soundly defeating longtime incumbent James Eli Watson. He was narrowly reelected in 1938, serving from March 4, 1933, until his death on a farm near Vienna, Virginia in 1944. While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments (76th Congress) and a member of the Committee on the Judiciary (77th and 78th Congresses). Interment was in East Maplewood Cemetery, Anderson, Indiana.
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Garret Hobart
Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844 – November 21, 1899) was the 24th Vice President of the United States (1897–1899), serving under President William McKinley. He was the sixth American vice president to die in office.
Hobart was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, on the Jersey Shore, and grew up in nearby Marlboro. After attending Rutgers College, Hobart read law with prominent Paterson attorney Socrates Tuttle. Hobart both studied with Tuttle, and married his daughter. Although he rarely set foot in a courtroom, Hobart became wealthy as a corporate lawyer.
Hobart served in local governmental positions, and then successfully ran for office as a Republican, serving in both the New Jersey General Assembly and the New Jersey Senate. He became Speaker of the first, and president of the latter. Hobart was a longtime party official, and New Jersey delegates went to the 1896 Republican National Convention determined to nominate the popular lawyer for vice president. Hobart's political views were similar to those of McKinley, who was the presumptive Republican presidential candidate. With New Jersey a key state in the upcoming election, McKinley and his close adviser, future senator Mark Hanna, decided to have the convention select Hobart. The vice-presidential candidate emulated his running mate with a front porch campaign, though spending much time at the campaign's New York City office. McKinley and Hobart were elected.
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Gary Hart
Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He served as a Democratic Senator representing Colorado (1975–1987), and ran in the U.S. presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988, when he was considered a frontrunner for the Democratic nomination until various news organizations reported that he was having an extramarital affair. Since retiring from the Senate, he has emerged as a consultant on national security, and continues to speak on a wide range of issues, including the environment and homeland security. In 2001, he earned a doctorate in politics from Oxford. In 2006, Hart accepted an endowed professorship at the University of Colorado at Denver. He also serves as Chairman for Council for a Livable World. He has written or co-authored numerous books and articles, including four novels, two under the pen name John Blackthorn.
Hart was born in Ottawa, Kansas, the son of Nina (née Pritchard) and Carl Riley Hartpence, a farm equipment salesman. He changed his last name to "Hart" in 1961. He attended Bethany Nazarene College in Bethany, Oklahoma, graduating in 1958. He graduated from Yale Divinity School in 1961 and Yale Law School in 1964.
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Gary Johnson
Gary Earl Johnson (born January 1, 1953) is an American businessman, a former Governor of New Mexico, and the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election. Johnson served as the 29th Governor of New Mexico from 1995 to 2003, as a member of the Republican Party, and is known for his low-tax libertarian views and his regular participation in triathlons.
Johnson founded one of New Mexico's largest construction companies. He entered politics for the first time by running for Governor of New Mexico in 1994 on a fiscally conservative, low-tax, anti-crime platform. He beat incumbent Democratic governor Bruce King by 50% to 40%. He cut the 10% annual growth in the budget: using his gubernatorial veto 200 times during his first six months in office. His use of the veto over his two terms gained him the nickname "Governor Veto".
Johnson sought re-election in 1998, winning by 55% to 45%. In his second term, he concentrated on the issue of school voucher reforms, as well as campaigning for marijuana decriminalization. During his tenure as governor, Johnson adhered to an anti-tax and anti-bureaucracy policy, setting state and national records for his use of veto powers: more than the other 49 contemporary governors put together.Term-limited, Johnson could not run for re-election at the end of his second term.
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Gary Locke
Gary Faye Locke (Traditional Chinese:駱家輝) is an American politician and the current United States Ambassador to China.
Locke was the 21st Governor of Washington, serving from 1997 to 2005. He was the first governor of a state in the Continental United States of Asian descent, and is the only Chinese American ever to serve as a governor. He was then appointed by President Barack Obama as United States Secretary of Commerce which he served as until August 1, 2011, when President Obama appointed Locke Ambassador to China.
Locke was born on January 21, 1950, in Seattle, Washington. A third-generation American with paternal ancestry from Taishan, Guangdong, China, Locke is the second of five children of James Locke, who served as a staff sergeant in the US Fifth Armored Division during World War II, and his wife Julie, who is from Hong Kong, which at that time was a British crown colony. He did not learn to speak English until he was five years old and entered school. Locke spent his early years living with his family in the widely-lauded Yesler Terrace public housing project in Seattle.
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Gene Amondson
Gene Amondson, (October 15, 1943– July 20, 2009) was a landscape painter, woodcarver, Christian minister and prohibition activist who was the 2004 US presidential candidate for one faction of the Prohibition Party (Concerns of People Party) and the nominee of the unified party in 2008.
Amondson was known for his anti-Alcohol activism and reenactments of sermons by preacher Billy Sunday. He was an active member in the community of Vashon Island, Washington, and was described as a "colorful" character. During press inquiries, he often repeated such prohibition slogans as: "Prohibition was America's greatest 13 years" and "drinking responsibly is like teaching a pig to eat with a spoon. Can't happen." He died in 2009 after suffering a stroke.
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George Frisbie Hoar
George Frisbie Hoar (August 29, 1826 – September 30, 1904) was a prominent United States politician and United States Senator from Massachusetts. Hoar was born in Concord, Massachusetts. He was a member of an extended family that was politically prominent in 18th and 19th century New England.
Hoar graduated from Harvard University in 1846, then studied at Harvard Law School and settled in Worcester, Massachusetts where he practiced law before entering politics. Initially a member of the Free Soil Party, he joined the Republican Party shortly after its founding, and was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1852), and the Massachusetts Senate (1857).
In 1865, Hoar was one of the founders of the Worcester County Free Institute of Industrial Science, now the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He represented Massachusetts as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 through 1877, then served in the U.S. Senate until his death. He was a Republican, who generally avoided party partisanship and did not hesitate to criticize other members of his party whose actions or policies he believed were in error.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment (after Spiro Agnew had resigned), when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he became the only President of the United States who was never elected President nor Vice-President by the Electoral College. Before ascending to the vice-presidency, Ford served nearly 25 years as the Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, eight of them as the Republican Minority Leader.
As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over arguably the weakest economy since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. During Ford's incumbency, foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play, and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President. In 1976, Ford narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination, but lost the presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter.
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Gloria La Riva
Gloria Estela La Riva (born August 13, 1954, in Albuquerque, New Mexico) is an American politician associated with the Party for Socialism and Liberation. She was the party's 2008 presidential candidate, and was also vying for the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party in California, but lost the bid to Ralph Nader. La Riva launched her presidential campaign in January 2008, with Eugene Puryear running for vice president.
La Riva was first a third-party candidate for President of the United States in the United States presidential election, 1992, representing the Workers World Party, although this was an unofficial run as basically a placeholder on a few state ballots. She had also been the Workers World vice-presidential candidate in the elections of 1984, 1988, 1996, and 2000. She joined the Party for Socialism and Liberation in its split from the Workers World Party in 2004.
La Riva was also the Peace and Freedom Party candidate for Governor of California in 1994, receiving 72,774 votes (0.9%). She ran again in the 1998 gubernatorial election, capturing 59,218 votes (0.71%).
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Hannibal Hamlin
Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 – July 4, 1891) was the 15th Vice President of the United States (1861-1865), serving under President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. He was the first Vice President from the Republican Party.
Prior to his election in 1860, Hamlin served in the United States Senate, the House of Representatives, and, briefly, as the 26th Governor of Maine.
Hamlin was born to Anna (née Livermore) and Cyrus Hamlin in Paris, Maine. He was a descendant in the sixth generation of James Hamlin who had settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1639. Hamlin was a great nephew of U.S. Senator Samuel Livermore II of New Hampshire,[citation needed] and a grandson of Stephen Emery, Maine's Attorney General in 1839–1840.
Hamlin attended the district schools and Hebron Academy and later managed his father's farm. For the next few years he worked at several jobs: schoolmaster, cook, woodcutter, surveyor, manager of a weekly newspaper in Paris, and a compositor at a printer's office. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1833. He began practicing in Hampden, a suburb of Bangor, where he lived until 1848.
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Harold Stassen
Harold Edward Stassen (April 13, 1907 – March 4, 2001) was the 25th Governor of Minnesota from 1939 to 1943. After service in World War II, from 1948 to 1953 he was president of the University of Pennsylvania. In popular culture his name has become most identified with his fame as a perennial candidate for other offices, most notably and frequently President of the United States.
Stassen, the fourth of five children, was born in West St. Paul, Minnesota, to Elsie Emma (née Mueller) and William Andrew Stassen, a farmer and several times mayor of West St. Paul. He was of Norwegian, German and Czech ancestry. He graduated from high school at age 14. At the University of Minnesota Stassen was an intercollegiate debater, captain of the champion university rifle team in 1927, and received bachelor's and law degrees in 1929. After opening a law office with Elmer J. Ryan in South St. Paul that year, he was elected District Attorney of Dakota County in 1930 and 1934, then elected Governor of Minnesota in 1938. Stassen was seen as an "up and comer" after delivering the keynote address at the 1940 Republican National Convention. There he worked to help Wendell Willkie win the Republican Party (GOP) nomination for the presidency.
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Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot "Slim" Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican Senator and historian from Massachusetts. He had the role (but not the title) of Senate Majority leader. He is best known for his positions on foreign policy, especially his battle with President Woodrow Wilson in 1919 over the Treaty of Versailles. Lodge demanded Congressional control of declarations of war; Wilson refused and the United States Senate never ratified the Treaty nor joined the League of Nations.
Lodge was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was John Ellerton Lodge. His mother was Anna Cabot, through whom he was a great-grandson of George Cabot. Lodge grew up on Boston's Beacon Hill and spent part of his childhood in Nahant, Massachusetts where he witnessed the 1860 kidnapping of a classmate and gave testimony leading to the arrest and conviction of the kidnappers. He was cousin to the American polymath Charles Peirce.
In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club. In 1874, he graduated from Harvard Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, practicing at the Boston firm now known as Ropes & Gray. After traveling through Europe, Lodge returned to Harvard, and in 1876, became the first student of Harvard University to graduate with a Ph.D. in Political Science. His teacher and mentor during his graduate studies was Henry Adams; Lodge would maintain a lifelong friendship with Adams. Lodge wrote his dissertation on the ancient Germanic origins of Anglo-Saxon government; he later became a vocal proponent of the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon "race".
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Henry Wilson
Henry Wilson (16 February 1812 – 22 November 1875) was the 18th Vice President of the United States (1873–1875) and a Senator from Massachusetts (1855–1873). Before and during the American Civil War, he was a leading Republican, and a strong opponent of slavery. He devoted his energies to the destruction of the "Slave Power" - the faction of slave owners and their political allies which anti-slavery Americans saw as dominating the country.
He was considered a "Radical Republican". After the Civil War, he supported the Radical program for Reconstruction. in 1872, he was elected Vice President as running mate with President Ulysses S. Grant, and served from 4 March 1873 until his death on 22 November 1875.
Wilson was born Jeremiah Jones Colbath in Farmington, New Hampshire. In 1833 he had his name legally changed by the legislature to Henry Wilson. Henry Wilson moved to Natick, Massachusetts in 1833 and became a shoemaker. He attended several local academies, and also taught school in Natick, where he later engaged in the manufacture of shoes. He was a member of the state legislature between 1841 and 1852, and was owner and editor of the Boston Republican from 1848 to 1851.
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Herbert Lewin
Herbert G. Lewin (June 22, 1914 – March 18, 2010) was a third-party candidate (Peace and Freedom Party) for President of the United States in the 1988 U.S. presidential election in California. His running mate was Vikki Murdock. They won approximately 10,370 votes, 9,953 of them from New Jersey. He is retired union activist for the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America.
Lewin had previously run for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1950 as the candidate of the Militant Worker Party coming in last place with 841 votes versus the 1.7 million of John S. Fine. Lewin ran in 1956 for United States Senator from Pennsylvania winning 2,640 votes against the 2.2 million votes for Joseph S. Clark.
After his retirement, Lewin, a machinist with Westinghouse Electric Corporation's Lester (PA) Steam Turbine Division, served as a substitute teacher in Philadelphia's vocational public high schools.
He died on March 18, 2010 at the age of 95 from heart failure.
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Herman Cain
Herman Cain (born December 13, 1945) is an American author, business executive, radio host, syndicated columnist, and Tea Party activist from Georgia. He was a candidate for the 2012 U.S. Republican Party presidential nomination.
Cain grew up in Georgia and graduated from Morehouse College in 1967 with a Bachelor of Science in mathematics. Cain pursued graduate studies at Purdue University, and graduated with a Master of Science in computer science in 1971, while also working full-time for the U.S. Department of the Navy. In 1977, he joined Pillsbury Company where he later became vice president. During the 1980s, his success as a business executive at Burger King prompted Pillsbury Company to appoint him as chairman and CEO of Godfather's Pizza, in which capacity he served from 1986 to 1996.
Cain was chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Omaha Branch from 1989 to 1991. He was deputy chairman, from 1992 to 1994, and chairman, from 1995 to 1996, of the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. In 1995, Cain was appointed by Newt Gingrich to the Kemp Commission, and was a senior economic advisor to the Bob Dole presidential campaign. Cain became the CEO of the National Restaurant Association, in which he served as president and CEO from 1996 to 1999. During the Presidency of Bill Clinton, Cain publicly opposed the Clinton health care plan of 1993, about which he questioned the president at a town hall meeting. Cain has served as a member of the board of directors of several companies, including Aquila, Inc., Nabisco, Whirlpool, Reader's Digest, and AGCO.
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Hilda Solis
Hilda Lucia Solis (pronounced /sɵˈliːs/; born October 20, 1957) is the 25th United States Secretary of Labor, serving in the Obama administration. She is a member of the Democratic Party and served in the United States House of Representatives from 2001 to 2009, representing the 31st and 32nd congressional districts of California that include East Los Angeles and the San Gabriel Valley.
Solis was raised in La Puente, California by immigrant parents from Nicaragua and Mexico. She gained degrees from the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) and the University of Southern California (USC) and worked for two federal agencies in Washington, D.C. Returning to her native state, she was elected to the Rio Hondo Community College Board of Trustees in 1985, the California State Assembly in 1992, and the California State Senate in 1994. She was the first Hispanic woman to serve in the State Senate, and was reelected there in 1998. She became known for her work toward environmental justice and was the first female recipient of the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award in 2000.
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Howard Fineman
Howard Fineman is an American journalist who is editorial director of the AOL Huffington Post Media Group. Prior to his move to Huffington Post in October 2010, he was Newsweek’s Chief Political Correspondent, Senior Editor and Deputy Washington Bureau Chief. An award-winning writer, Fineman also is an NBC News analyst, contributing reports to the network and its cable affiliate MSNBC. He appears frequently on “Hardball with Chris Matthews,” “The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell” and “The Rachel Maddow Show.” The author of scores of Newsweek cover stories, Fineman’s work has also appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The New Republic. His “Living Politics” column was posted weekly on Newsweek.com. Fineman authored his first book in 2008, The Thirteen American Arguments: Enduring Debates That Define and Inspire Our Country.
Fineman holds an A.B., from Colgate (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi), an M.S. in journalism from Columbia, and a J.D. from the University of Louisville. His legal education included a year at the Georgetown University Law Center. He received Watson and Pulitzer Traveling Fellowships for study in Europe, Russia and the Middle East.
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Hubert Humphrey
Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978), served under President Lyndon B. Johnson as the 38th Vice President of the United States.
Humphrey twice served as a United States Senator from Minnesota, and served as Democratic Majority Whip. He was a founder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and Americans for Democratic Action. He also served as Mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota from 1945 to 1949. Humphrey was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the 1968 presidential election but lost to the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon.
Humphrey was born in a room over his father's drugstore in Wallace, South Dakota. He was the son of Hubert Humphrey, Sr. (1882–1949) and Ragnild Kristine Sannes (1883–1973), a Norwegian immigrant. Humphrey spent most of his youth in Doland, South Dakota, on the Dakota prairie; the town's population was about 700 people when he lived there. His father was a pharmacist who served as mayor and a town-council member. In the late 1920s a severe economic downturn hit Doland; both of the town's banks closed and Humphrey's father struggled to keep his drugstore open.
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Hunter Biden
Robert Hunter Biden (born February 4, 1970), second son of U.S. Vice President Joe Biden, is a partner at Rosemont Seneca Partners, LLC and is Counsel to Boies, Schiller, Flexner, LLP, a New York based-law firm. Previously, he was a founding partner of Oldaker, Biden & Belair, LLP.
He received a bachelor's degree from Georgetown University, and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School. He was a member of the Jesuit Volunteer Corps Northwest, and is a member of the bar in the state of Connecticut, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Supreme Court, and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims.
Biden was appointed by Bill Clinton to serve in the United States Department of Commerce under secretaries Norman Mineta and William M. Daley. On May 16, 2006, Biden was nominated by President George W. Bush to the board of directors of Amtrak. He was confirmed unanimously on July 26, 2006 by the United States Senate for a term of five years, and was the vice-chair of the board until January 29, 2009. He is also a member of the boards of the Friends of the World Food Program, the Truman National Security Project, and ZERO - The Project to End Prostate Cancer, a national organization based in Washington, D.C.
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Indian American
Indian Americans are Americans whose ancestral roots lie in India. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the indigenous peoples of the Americas commonly referred to as American Indians.
In North America, the term Indian has an ambiguous meaning. In the western hemisphere, historically and currently, Indian has been commonly used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Qualifying terms such as American Indian and East Indian were and are commonly used to avoid ambiguity.
While East Indian remains in use, South Asian is often chosen instead. The U.S. government coined Native American to refer to the indigenous peoples of the United States, but American Indian remains popular among the indigenous and general populations.
People of Indian origin often prefer the term Desi to refer to the diasporic subculture of South Asians. Indian Americans are categorized as Asian Indian (and more broadly, Asian American) by the United States Census Bureau.
It was after the Luce–Celler Act of 1946, that Indian Americans were restored naturalization rights in the United States. A number of Indian Americans came to the U.S. via Indian communities in other countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada, in both of which 2% of the population is currently of Indian origin,Mauritius, nations of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Guyana, Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Trinidad & Tobago, and Jamaica.
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Isabell Masters
Dr. Isabell Masters Ph.D. (January 9, 1913 – September 11, 2011) of Topeka, Kansas, was a five-time perennial third-party candidate (Looking Back Party) for President of the United States.
Masters' five presidential campaigns are the most for any woman in U.S. history. She was a candidate in the United States presidential election, 1984, the United States presidential election, 1992 (339 votes), the United States presidential election, 1996 in which she was only on the ballot in Arkansas (but also received a few votes in California and Maryland) (752 votes total, 2000), and the United States presidential election, 2004. Her 1992 running mate was her son, Walter Ray Masters while her 1996 running mate was her daughter, Shirley Jean Masters.
Isabell Masters was born Isabell Arch in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on January 9, 1913. Her father, a businessman, was of African American and German descent. Masters graduated from Douglas High School in Oklahoma City and received a bachelor's degree in education from Langston University. She later earned a doctorate from the University of Oklahoma. An educator by profession, Masters taught in California, New York, Nevada and Kansas during her career. She specifically worked in schools in the American cities of Pasadena, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Kansas City and Syracuse, New York.
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Jack Fellure
Lowell Jackson "Jack" Fellure (born October 3, 1931) is an American perennial political candidate and retired engineer. He is the presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party for the 2012 presidential election.
Fellure has formally campaigned for President of the United States in every presidential election since 1988 as a member of the Republican Party. He asserts on his campaign website that his platform based on the 1611 Authorized King James Bible has never changed. As a candidate, he calls for the elimination of the liquor industry, abortion and pornography, and advocates the teaching of the Bible in public schools and criminalization of homosexuality. He has blamed the ills of society on those he has characterized as "atheists, Marxists, liberals, queers, liars, draft dodgers, flag burners, dope addicts, sex perverts and anti-Christians."
In 1992, Fellure filed to run in the New Hampshire, West Virginia and Kansas Republican primaries. By November 1991, he had spent $40,000 of his own money on the campaign, and he sent a King James Bible to the FEC as a copy of his platform. Regarding the 1611 English version of the Bible, translated by 47 Church of England scholars at the request of King James, he said, "God wrote it as the supreme document and final authority in the affairs of all men, nations and civilizations, for time and eternity... It shall never be necessary to change it." He received 36 votes in the New Hampshire primary and complained that President George H.W. Bush and commentator Pat Buchanan were receiving all the media attention.
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Jack Germond
Jack Worthen Germond (born January 30, 1928) is an American journalist, author, and pundit. He is noteworthy as a veteran newspaperman of 50 years' standing, having written for the now-defunct Washington Star and for The Baltimore Sun. Together with Jules Witcover, Germond co-wrote "Politics Today," a five-day-a-week syndicated column, for more than 24 years.
Germond was born in Boston, Massachusetts, an only child and raised in a striving middle-class household in Boston and Trenton, New Jersey. When he was 13, his family moved to Mississippi, and then to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, where Germond finished high school. After attending Louisiana State University for one semester, he served in the U.S. Army in 1946-47, returning to college on the GI bill and then graduating from the University of Missouri with degrees in journalism and history.
Germond began his career working for Gannett's Rochester Times-Union in 1961. He moved to the Washington Star in 1974, became a syndicated columnist and national editor, and went on to The Baltimore Sun when the Star folded. He began to appear on Meet the Press in 1972, the Today Show in 1980, and the NBC and PBS program The McLaughlin Group from its inception in 1981.
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Jack Herer
Jack Herer (June 18, 1939 – April 15, 2010), sometimes called the "Emperor of Hemp", was an American cannabis activist and the author of The Emperor Wears No Clothes, a book which has been used in efforts to decriminalize cannabis. Herer also founded and served as the director of the organization Help End Marijuana Prohibition (HEMP).
A former Goldwater Republican, Herer was a pro-cannabis (marijuana) and hemp activist. He wrote two books, the aforementioned The Emperor Wears No Clothes and Grass. There has also been a documentary made about his life called, The Emperor of Hemp (cite?).
He believed that the cannabis plant should be decriminalized because it has been shown to be a renewable source of fuel, food, and medicine that can be grown in virtually any part of the world. He further asserts that the U.S. government deliberately hides the proof of this.
A specific strain of cannabis has been named after Jack Herer in honor of his work. This strain has won several awards, including the 7th High Times Cannabis Cup. Jack Herer was also inducted into the Counterculture Hall of Fame at the 16th Cannabis Cup in recognition of his first book.
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Jack Kemp
Jack French Kemp (July 13, 1935 – May 2, 2009) was an American politician and a collegiate and professional football player. A Republican, he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms as a congressman for Western New York's 31st congressional district from 1971 to 1989. He was the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election, where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole. Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries.
Before entering politics, Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years. He played briefly in the National Football League (NFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL), but became a star in the American Football League (AFL). He served as captain of both the San Diego Chargers and Buffalo Bills and earned the AFL Most Valuable Player award in 1965 after leading the Bills to a second consecutive championship. He played in the AFL for all 10 years of its existence, appeared in its All-Star game seven times, played in its championship game five times, and set many of the league's career passing records. Kemp also co-founded the AFL Players Association, for which he served five terms as president. During the early part of his football career, he served in the United States Army Reserve.
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Jacob Lew
Jacob Joseph "Jack" Lew (born August 29, 1955) is the 25th and current White House Chief of Staff. Previously, he was the Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1998 to 2001 and from 2010 to 2012.
Lew was born in New York City. He attended New York City public schools, graduating from Forest Hills High School. His father was a lawyer and rare-book dealer who came to the United States from Poland as a child. Lew attended Carleton College in Minnesota where his faculty adviser was Paul Wellstone, who eventually represented Minnesota in the U.S. Senate. He graduated from Harvard College in 1978 and the Georgetown University Law Center in 1983.
He worked as an aide to Rep. Joe Moakley (D-Mass.) from 1974 to 1975. He then was a senior policy adviser to House Speaker Tip O'Neill. Under O'Neill he served at the House Democratic Steering and Policy Committee as Assistant Director and then Executive Director, and was responsible for work on domestic and economic issues including Social Security, Medicare, budget, tax, trade, appropriations, and energy issues.
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Jake Tapper
Jacob Paul "Jake" Tapper (born March 12, 1969) is an American print and television journalist, currently the senior White House correspondent for ABC News in Washington, D.C. He was named to that position the day after election day 2008, having covered then-senator Barack Obama's presidential campaign.
He last interviewed Obama in July 2009 in Moscow, in an interview where the president expressed confidence that his foreign policy approach was starting to work and said regarding the stimulus package, "there's nothing that we would have done differently." That January, Tapper had broken the story of the tax troubles of then-Health and Human Services secretary nominee and former Senate majority leader Tom Daschle (D-SD), troubles that ultimately derailed Daschle's nomination.
From March through July 2010, Tapper was interim anchor of ABC's This Week, hosting the program until Christiane Amanpour became This Week's anchor.
Tapper was born in New York City and was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His mother, Anne Tapper, retired as a psychiatric nurse at Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center. His father, Theodore S. "Ted" Tapper, a Dartmouth graduate, was a president of South Philadelphia Pediatrics, a group medical practice, and is an associate clinical professor of pediatrics at Jefferson Medical College, both in Philadelphia.
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James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868, English pronunciation: /bjuːˈkænən/) was the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861). He is the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president who remained a lifelong bachelor. His niece Harriet Lane played the role as lady of the house.
Buchanan (often called Buck-anan by his contemporaries) was a popular and experienced state politician and a successful attorney before his presidency. He represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives and later the Senate, and served as Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson. He was also Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. After he turned down an offer for an appointment to the Supreme Court, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Minister to the United Kingdom, in which capacity he helped draft the controversial Ostend Manifesto.
Buchanan was nominated in the 1856 election. Throughout most of Franklin Pierce's term he was stationed in London as a Minister to the Court of St. James's and therefore was not caught up in the crossfire of sectional politics that dominated the country. Buchanan was viewed by many as a compromise between the two sides of the slavery question. His subsequent election victory took place in a three-man race with John C. Frémont and Millard Fillmore. As President, he was often called a "doughface", a Northerner with Southern sympathies, who battled with Stephen A. Douglas for the control of the Democratic Party. Buchanan's efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides, and the Southern states declared their secession in the prologue to the American Civil War. Buchanan's view of record was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also illegal. Buchanan, first and foremost an attorney, was noted for his mantra, "I acknowledge no master but the law."
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James Eastland
James Oliver Eastland (November 28, 1904 – February 19, 1986) was an American politician from Mississippi who briefly served in the United States Senate as a Democrat in 1941; and again from 1943 until his resignation December 27, 1978. From 1947 to 1978, he served alongside John Stennis, also a Democrat. At the time, Eastland and Stennis were the longest-serving Senate duo in American history, though their record was subsequently surpassed by Strom Thurmond and Fritz Hollings of South Carolina, who served together for 36 years. Eastland was also the most senior member of the Senate at the time of his retirement in 1978. He compiled a conservative record in support of the conservative coalition.
Eastland was born in Doddsville, the son of Woods Caperton Eastland, a cotton planter, and Alma Teresa (Austin) Eastland. In 1905 he moved with his parents to Forest where he attended public schools. A lawyer in rural Mississippi, he served one term in the state House of Representatives from 1928 to 1932. In the 1930s, he took over the family's Sunflower County plantation, which eventually grew to nearly 6,000 acres (24 km2). Even after entering politics, he considered himself first and foremost a cotton planter.
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James Hedges
James (Jim) Hedges (born 1939) is a Prohibition activist and the former Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania. He holds the distinction as the only individual to be elected to public office from the Prohibition Party in the 21st century, and the first since 1959. He vied for the Prohibition Party's 2012 presidential nomination, but lost to Jack Fellure.
Hedges earned a Bachelor of Arts in Musical Performance from the University of Iowa and holds a Master's degree in Geography from the University of Maryland. He served in the United States Marine Band as a tuba performer and worked as editor of The National Speleological Society Bulletin.
In high school, Hedges became interested in the Prohibition Party after reading an article in a newspaper. By the 1980s, he became active in the party, and rose to the position of Executive Secretary in 2003. In 2005, he was selected as the Secretary of the Partisan Prohibition Historical Society.
Prior to the 2004 presidential election, Hedges was involved in a schism within the party stemming from alleged misuse of funds and mismanagement by Earl Dodge, the party's long-time face. Notably, Hedges and others claimed that Dodge sold the party's headquarters for $119,500 in 1999 with intent to build on his own property, but that he instead kept the money for himself and moved the headquarters to a tool shed. Dodge countered that Hedges and others were simply disgruntled with their position in the party, and that he placed the funds in a separate party account. Nevertheless, Hedges and his faction formed the Concerns of the People (Prohibition) Party to counter Dodge, and nominated Washington anti-Alcohol activist and preacher Gene Amondson for President. Both Dodge and Hedges claimed their parties were the authentic Prohibition Party. The split abruptly came to an end in 2007 after Dodge's death, and the reunified party again nominated Amondson for president for the 2008 election.
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James Traficant
James Anthony Traficant, Jr. (born May 8, 1941) is a former Democratic Representative in the United States Congress from Ohio (from 1985 to 2002). He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley. He was expelled after being convicted of taking bribes, filing false tax returns, racketeering, and forcing his aides to perform chores at his farm in Ohio and on his houseboat in Washington, D.C., and was released from prison on September 2, 2009, after serving a seven-year sentence.
Traficant signed a limited, three-month contract to work as a part-time weekend talk radio host for Cleveland news/talk station WTAM in January 2010. His contract permitted him to quit if he chose to run for office. As of July 2010, it remains unclear if Traficant will return to the station; the WTAM website currently makes no mention of him.
Traficant ran for his old seat in the 2010 general election as an independent; he was defeated by incumbent Democrat Tim Ryan.
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James Traub
James Traub, born in 1954, is a contributing writer for The New York Times Magazine, where he has worked since 1998. From 1994 to 1997, he was a staff writer for The New Yorker. He has also written for The New York Review of Books, The Atlantic Monthly, National Review and Foreign Affairs. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
As a freelance journalist, he has written many book reviews and other articles for the New York Times. His recent writing focuses on politics and international affairs, including profiles of Barack Obama, Al Gore and John McCain. He also wrote a book on Kofi Annan and the United Nations.
New York City is the subject or background of several of his books. His 1990 book Too Good to Be True was about the rise and fall of Wedtech, a small Bronx manufacturing company that used no-bid contracts, fraud and corruption to win defense contracts during the Reagan administration. His 2004 book The Devil's Playground was about the history of Times Square, including its decline as a center of adult businesses in the 1990s to its redevelopment under Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who was also the subject of several feature articles he wrote for the New York Times Magazine.
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Jane Mayer
Jane Mayer (born 1955 in New York City ) is an American investigative journalist who has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1995. In recent years, she has written for that publication on Dick Cheney, the bin Laden family, Alaska governor Sarah Palin, the Koch family, the television series 24, and the US government's controversial policy of extraordinary rendition.
Mayer is a 1973 graduate of Fieldston and a 1977 graduate of Yale University, where she was a campus stringer for Time magazine. She continued her studies at Oxford University.
Mayer began her journalistic career in Vermont, writing for two small weekly papers, The Weathersfield Weekly and The Black River Tribune, then moving on to a daily paper, The Rutland Herald. She was a metropolitan reporter for the now-defunct Washington Star, then joined The Wall Street Journal in 1982, where she worked for 12 years, during which time she was named the newspaper's first female White House correspondent, and subsequently senior writer and front page editor. She also served as a war correspondent and foreign correspondent for the Journal, where she reported on bombing of the American barracks in Beirut, the Persian Gulf War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the last days of Communism in the former Soviet Union. She was nominated twice by the Journal for the Pulitzer Prize for feature-writing.
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Janet Napolitano
Janet Napolitano (/nəpɒlɨˈtænoʊ/; born November 29, 1957) is the third and current United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama. She is the fourth person (including an acting Secretary) to hold the position, which was created after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the 21st Governor of Arizona from 2003 to 2009. She was Arizona's third female governor, and the first woman to win re-election. Prior to her election as governor, she served as Attorney General of Arizona from 1999 to 2002. She was the first woman and the 23rd person to serve in that office. Napolitano is the 1977 Truman Scholar from New Mexico. Forbes ranked her as the world's 15th most powerful woman in 2011.
Janet Napolitano was born on November 29, 1957, in New York City, the daughter of Jane Marie (née Winer) and Leonard Michael Napolitano, who was the dean of the University of New Mexico School of Medicine. She is of half Italian ancestry and is a Methodist. She was the eldest of three children; she has a younger brother and sister. She was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Albuquerque, New Mexico, where she graduated from Sandia High School in Albuquerque in 1975 and was voted Most Likely to Succeed. She graduated from Santa Clara University in Santa Clara, California, where she won a Truman Scholarship, and was valedictorian. In 1978, she studied for a term at the London School of Economics as part of the Santa Clara's exchange programme through IES Abroad. She then received her Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Virginia School of Law. After law school she served as a law clerk for Judge Mary M. Schroeder of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, and then joined Schroeder's former firm, the Phoenix law firm Lewis and Roca.
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Jared Bernstein
Jared Bernstein is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. From 2009 to 2011, Bernstein was the Chief Economist and Economic Adviser to Vice President Joseph Biden in the Obama Administration. Bernstein is considered to represent a progressive, pro-labor perspective.
Bernstein graduated from the Manhattan School of Music with Bachelors Degree in Fine Arts where he studied double bass with Orin O'Brien. He earned a Masters Degree in Social Work from the Hunter School of Social Work, and, from Columbia University, he received a Masters Degree in Philosophy and Ph.D. in Social Welfare. Despite his previous employment, he does not have a degree or any formal training in economics.
Bernstein's areas of interest include "federal, state and international economic policies, specifically the middle class squeeze, income inequality and mobility, trends in employment and earnings, low-wage labor markets, poverty, and international comparisons." He is known as a critic of free trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). He has taught at Howard University, Columbia University and New York University. In 1992, he was hired at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), a think tank with ties to organized labor and a focus on issues affecting low- and middle-income workers. From 1995-1996, he served in the Department of Labor as Deputy Chief Economist. He then returned to the EPI, where he was senior economist and director of the Living Standards Program when selected by Biden.
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Jay Carney
James "Jay" Carney (born May 22, 1965) is President Barack Obama's second White House Press Secretary. Prior to his appointment as Press Secretary, replacing Robert Gibbs, he was director of communications to Vice President Joe Biden. Carney previously served as Washington Bureau Chief for Time magazine, a post he held from September 2005 until December 2008, and as a regular contributor in the "roundtable" segment of ABC News' This Week with George Stephanopoulos.
Carney was raised in Northern Virginia, attended high school at The Lawrenceville School in New Jersey, and earned a B.A. in Russian and Eastern European Studies from Yale University, graduating cum laude, in 1987. He and his wife, Claire Shipman (a senior correspondent for ABC News), live in Washington, D.C., with their son and daughter.
After being hired as a reporter for The Miami Herald in 1987, Carney joined Time magazine as its Miami Bureau Chief in 1989. Carney worked as a correspondent in Time's Moscow Bureau for three years, covering the collapse of the U.S.S.R.. He came to Washington in 1993 to report on the Bill Clinton White House.
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Jeffrey Zients
Jeffrey "Jeff" D. Zients (born c. 1966) is an American CEO, management consultant and entrepreneur. On January 17, 2012, he was named acting director of the Office of Management & Budget and assumed office on January 27, 2012. This is his second turn as acting director and White House aides have said it is likely he will serve in this capacity through the end of President Obama's first term. In 2009, President Obama appointed him to the new position of United States Chief Performance Officer and was confirmed by the Senate to be Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget in the federal government of the United States.
Zients is a native of Kensington, Maryland and lives in the Washington, D.C. area. He and his wife Mary have four children Sasha, Matt, Josh, and Jonny
He graduated in 1984 from St. Albans School and earned a bachelor's of science degree at Duke University summa cum laude. Zients worked in management consulting for Mercer Management Consulting and Bain & Company and then was chief operating officer of DGB Enterprises, a holding company for the Advisory Board Company, Corporate Executive Board, and Atlantic Media Company .
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Jesse Helms
Jesse Alexander Helms, Jr. (October 18, 1921 – July 4, 2008) was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee from 1995 to 2001. A leading conservative, he helped organize and fund the conservative resurgence in the 1970s, aiding Ronald Reagan's quest for the White House and helping many local and regional candidates.
A journalist by training, Helms was the longest-serving popularly-elected Senator in North Carolina's history, and was widely credited with shifting the one-party state dominated by the Democrats into a competitive two-party state. The Helms-controlled National Congressional Club's state-of-the-art direct mail operation raised millions for Helms and other conservative candidates allowing Helms to outspend his opponents in most of his campaigns.
An unreconstructed Southern conservative, he began his political career in the Democratic Party in the days when many white Southern politicians championed racial segregation. He moved to the Republican party in the 1970s. Helms was the most stridently conservative politician of the post 1960 era, especially in opposition to federal intervention into what he considered state affairs (integration, the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act). Helms tried, with a 16-day filibuster, to stop the Senate from approving a federal holiday to honor Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Jesse Jackson
Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. (born October 8, 1941) is an African-American civil rights activist and Baptist minister. He was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988 and served as shadow senator for the District of Columbia from 1991 to 1997. He was the founder of both entities that merged to form Rainbow/PUSH. Representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. is his eldest son. In an AP-AOL "Black Voices" poll in February 2006, Jackson was voted "the most important black leader".
Jackson was born Jesse Louis Burns in Greenville, South Carolina, to Helen Burns, a 16-year-old single mother. His biological father, Noah Louis Robinson, a former professional boxer and a prominent figure in the community, was married to another woman when Jesse was born. He was not involved in his son's life, and died January 28, 1997 in Greenville, S.C. In 1943, two years after Jesse's birth, his mother married Charles Henry Jackson, who would adopt Jesse 14 years later. Jesse went on to take the surname of his stepfather.
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Jill Abramson
Jill Ellen Abramson (born March 19, 1954) is the executive editor of The New York Times. Assuming the position in September 2011, she became the first woman in this role in the paper's 160-year history.
A native of New York City, Abramson received her high school diploma from Ethical Culture Fieldston School and a B.A. in History and Literature from Harvard University in 1976.
While an undergraduate, she was the Arts Editor of The Harvard Independent, and worked at Time magazine from 1973 to 1976. Subsequently, she spent nearly a decade as a senior staff reporter for The American Lawyer. In 1986, she was appointed as editor in chief of Legal Times in Washington, D.C., serving for two years. From 1988 to 1997, she was a senior reporter in the Washington bureau of The Wall Street Journal, eventually rising to deputy bureau chief. She became the chief of The New York Times Washington bureau upon her move to the newspaper in 1997.
Abramson was the Times' Washington Bureau chief during the turbulent period of Spring 2003 during the run-up to the war in Iraq and the Jayson Blair scandal, which led to the resignation of Executive Editor Howell Raines and Managing Editor Gerald Boyd. Abramson was named to the news Managing Editor position (with co-Managing Editor John M.Geddes) by Raines' successor Bill Keller.
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Jill Biden
Jill Tracy Biden (née Jacobs, previously Stevenson; born June 5, 1951) is an American educator and, as the wife of Vice President Joe Biden, is the Second Lady of the United States.
She was born in Hammonton, New Jersey and grew up in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. She married Joe Biden in 1977 and became stepmother to his two young sons from his first marriage, Beau and Hunter, whose mother and baby sister died in a car accident. Joe and Jill Biden have a daughter, Ashley, born in 1981.
Jill Biden has a bachelor's degree from the University of Delaware, master's degrees from West Chester University and Villanova University and a doctoral degree from the University of Delaware. She taught English and reading in high schools for 13 years, and also taught adolescents with emotional disabilities at a psychiatric hospital. From 1993 to 2008, she was an English and writing instructor at Delaware Technical & Community College. Since 2009, she has been a professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College and is thought to be the first Second Lady to hold a paying job while her husband is Vice President. She is the founder of the Biden Breast Health Initiative non-profit organization, co-founded the Book Buddies program, and is active in Delaware Boots on the Ground.
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Jill Stein
Jill Stein (born 1950) is an American physician and candidate for President of the United States in 2012 with the Green Party of the United States. Stein was a candidate for Governor of Massachusetts in the 2002 and the 2010 gubernatorial elections. Stein is a resident of Lexington, Massachusetts and a 1979 graduate of Harvard Medical School. She serves on the boards of Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility and MassVoters for Fair Elections, and has been active with the Massachusetts Coalition for Healthy Communities.
In October 2011, Stein announced her candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Green Party in the 2012 general election.
Stein advocates for the creation of a "Green New Deal", the objective of which would be to employ "every American willing and able to work" to address "climate change...[and the] converging water, soil, fisheries, forest, and fossil fuel crises" by working towards "sustainable energy, transportation and production infrastructure: clean renewable energy generation, energy efficiency, intra-city mass transit and inter-city railroads, “complete streets” that safely encourage bike and pedestrian traffic, regional food systems based on sustainable organic agriculture, and clean manufacturing of the goods needed to support this sustainable economy". The initial cost of the Green New Deal would be funded by various mechanisms, including "taxing Wall Street speculation, off shore tax havens, millionaires and multimillion dollar estates" as well as a 30% reduction in the U.S. military budget. She cites a study of the economic effects of the 1930s New Deal projects by Dr. Phillip Harvey, Professor of Law & Economics at Rutgers School of Law as academic evidence for the Green New Deal.
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Jim Clymer
James N. Clymer (born May 4, 1948) is the 2012 Vice presidential nominee of the United States Constitution Party and former party chairman.
He grew up in Lancaster, Pennsylvania and earned a law degree. He was admitted into the Bar in Pennsylvania in May 1978. In 1986 he was appointed Chairman of the Bob Smith for Senate Committee. In 1992 he would join the Libertarian Party and run as their candidate for Pennsylvania Auditor General. He also ran unsuccessfully for Lieutenant Governor in 1994 and 1998, attaining 13% and 10.5% respectively. He ran for a United States Senate seat in 2004, which gathered nearly 4% of the vote against Arlen Specter and Joe Hoeffel. He received 214,837 votes, which may have at the time been the second highest number of votes any Constitution Party member has received, after the 460,269 votes for Peg Luksik's 1994 gubernatorial bid received. He somewhat was able to gain support from conservative, pro-life Republicans who had voted for Pat Toomey in the close Senate Primary against Arlen Specter, who is more liberal, especially on social issues. He also gained the endorsement of the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Clymer unlike many minor party candidates was invited to participate in the televised U.S. Senate Debate.
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Jim Duensing
Raymond James "Jim" Duensing (born April 19, 1975) is an American activist, perennial political candidate, attorney, talk radio host and political pundit. He is the presidential nominee of the Boston Tea Party in the 2012 general election.
Duensing, a lawyer based in Las Vegas, Nevada, is host of The Jim Duensing Show, a political commentary and talk show on BlogTalkRadio, and periodically posts social and political commentaries on his personal website. He is a former chairman of the Libertarian Party of Nevada. Duensing has served as a community organizer for the Las Vegas-based activist group Sin City militia, and has been active in the Occupy Las Vegas movement.
Duensing has run for the U.S. House of Representatives three times in Nevada's 1st congressional district as a Libertarian, in 2004, 2006, and 2008. In all three races, he was defeated by Democratic U.S. Representative Shelley Berkley.
In January 2011, Duensing declared his candidacy for the 2012 presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party. He then withdrew his candidacy later that year to support the campaign of Republican presidential hopeful Ron Paul.
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Jim Gilmore
James Stuart "Jim" Gilmore III (born October 6, 1949) is an American politician from the Commonwealth of Virginia, former 68th Governor of Virginia, and a member of the Republican Party. A native Virginian, Gilmore studied at the University of Virginia, and then served in the U.S. Army as a counterintelligence agent. He later was elected to public office as a county prosecutor, as the Attorney General of Virginia from 1994 to 1998, and as the 68th Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002.
Gilmore campaigned for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination until July 2007, when he became the first major Republican candidate to leave the race. Gilmore was nominated as the Republican candidate for Virginia's United States Senate seat being vacated by John Warner. In the November 2008 election, Gilmore lost to his Democratic opponent Mark Warner.
Gilmore was born in Richmond, Virginia to Margaret Evelyn (née Kandle), a church secretary, and James Stuart Gilmore, Jr., a grocery store butcher. He graduated from John Randolph Tucker High School and received an undergraduate degree from the University of Virginia in 1971. Gilmore associated himself with the University's College Republicans chapter, and the Jefferson Literary & Debating Society.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served as a U.S. Naval officer, was a peanut farmer, served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia (1971–1975).
During Carter's term as President, two new cabinet-level departments were created: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He established a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and returned the Panama Canal Zone to Panama. Throughout his career, Carter strongly emphasized human rights. He took office during a period of international stagflation, which persisted throughout his term. The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (at the end of 1979), 1980 Summer Olympics boycott by the United States of the Moscow Olympics and the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
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Jimmy McMillan
James "Jimmy" McMillan III (born December 1, 1946) is an American political activist, perennial candidate, and Vietnam War veteran, as well as a former postal worker and private investigator from Brooklyn, New York. He is best known as the founder of the Rent Is Too Damn High Party, a New York-based political party. McMillan has run for office at least six times since 1993, including in the 2010 New York gubernatorial election on the "Rent Is 2 Damn High" line. He declared on December 23, 2010, that he would run in the 2012 U.S. presidential election as a Republican.
McMillan's first run for political office came in 1993, when he ran for Mayor of New York on the Rent Is Too Damn High ticket. In the course of that campaign, McMillan was at one point tied to a tree and doused with gasoline; he would later climb the Brooklyn Bridge and refuse to come down from it unless television stations broadcast his message. He was ultimately disqualified from the ballot for coming 300 petition signatures short of the 7,500 needed to qualify for the general election ballot.
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Joe Biden
Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. (pronunciation: /ˈdʒoʊsɨf rɒbɨˈnɛt ˈbaɪdən/; born November 20, 1942) is the 47th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Barack Obama. A Democrat, he was a United States Senator from Delaware from January 3, 1973 until his resignation on January 15, 2009, following his election to the Vice Presidency.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a county council in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation, and is the 15th-longest serving Senator in history. Biden was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the Bosnian War. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991. He voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, and led creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and Violence Against Women Act. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.
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Joe Lieberman
Joseph Isadore "Joe" Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is the senior United States Senator from Connecticut. A former member of the Democratic Party, he was the party's nominee for Vice President in the 2000 election. Currently an independent, he remains closely affiliated with the party.
Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Lieberman is a graduate of Yale University and Yale Law School. He was elected as a "reform Democrat" in 1970 to the Connecticut Senate, where he served three terms as Majority Leader. After an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980, he served as state Attorney General from 1983 to 1989. Lieberman defeated moderate Republican Lowell Weicker in 1988 to win election to the United States Senate and was re-elected in 1994 and 2000. In the 2000 United States presidential election, Lieberman was the Democratic nominee for Vice President, running with presidential nominee Al Gore, becoming the first Jewish candidate on a major American political party presidential ticket. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 2004 presidential election.
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Joe Schriner
Joe Schriner (born March 3, 1955) is an American politician and journalist. He has run as an independent candidate for President of the United States in four consecutive election cycles. He ran in 2000,2004,2008, and is running in 2012.
Schriner and his family have traveled some 82,000 campaign miles. Since 1991, he has done extensive cross-country research for an expansive set of position papers. Schriner has been featured in some 2,000 newspapers, 175 regional network TV news shows, and hundreds of radio shows. He has written three books: Back Road to the White House, America's Best Town and America's Best Town 2. Schriner bills himself as an "average Joe concerned parent from the Midwest."
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John Adams
John Adams (October 30, 1735 (O.S. October 19, 1735) – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, and the second President of the United States (1797–1801). He was also a lawyer, statesman, diplomat, political theorist, and a leading champion of independence in 1776. Hailing from New England, Adams, a prominent lawyer and public figure in Boston, was highly educated and represented Enlightenment values promoting republicanism. A Federalist, he was highly influential and one of the key Founding Fathers of the United States.
Adams came to prominence in the early stages of the American Revolution. As a delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress, he played a leading role in persuading Congress to declare independence and assisted Thomas Jefferson in drafting the Declaration of Independence. As a diplomat in Europe, he was a major negotiator of the eventual peace treaty with Great Britain, and chiefly responsible for obtaining important loans from Amsterdam bankers. A political theorist and historian, Adams largely wrote the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780 which soon after ended slavery in Massachusetts, but was in Europe when the federal Constitution was drafted on similar principles later in the decade. One of his greatest roles was as a judge of character: in 1775, he nominated George Washington to be commander-in-chief, and 25 years later nominated John Marshall to be Chief Justice of the United States.
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John Boehner
John Andrew Boehner ( /ˈbeɪnər/ BAY-nər; born November 17, 1949) is the 61st and current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A member of the Republican Party, he is the U.S. Representative from Ohio's 8th congressional district, serving since 1991. The district includes several rural and suburban areas near Cincinnati and Dayton, and a small portion of Dayton itself.
Boehner previously served as the House Minority Leader from 2007 until 2011, and House Majority Leader from 2006 until 2007. As Speaker of the House, Boehner is second in line to the presidency of the United States following the Vice President in accordance with the Presidential Succession Act.
Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio, the son of Mary Anne (née Hall) and Earl Henry Boehner, the second of twelve children. His father was of German descent and his mother had German and Irish ancestry. He grew up in modest circumstances, having shared one bathroom with his eleven siblings in a two-bedroom house in Cincinnati. His parents slept on a pull-out couch. He started working at his family's bar at age 8, a business founded by their grandfather Andy Boehner in 1938. He has lived in Southwest Ohio his entire life. All but two of his siblings still live within a few miles of each other; two are unemployed and most of the others have blue-collar jobs.
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John Bryson
John E. Bryson (born July 24, 1943) is the 37th Secretary of Commerce. The Senate confirmed him by a 74–26 vote on October 20, 2011. He was sworn in on October 21, 2011. He is the former Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Edison International, the parent company of Southern California Edison.
Bryson graduated from Cleveland High School in Portland, Oregon, in 1961. He received his bachelor's degree from Stanford University in 1965 and his Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale Law School in 1969.
In 1970, with other recent Yale Law graduates, Bryson helped found and served as legal counsel for the Natural Resources Defense Council.
From 1976 to 1979, Bryson served as chairman of the California State Water Resources Control Board, and from 1979 to 1982, he served as president of the California Public Utilities Commission.
Bryson led Edison International from 1990 until his retirement on July 31, 2008, and was succeeded by Ted Craver.
Bryson was a director of The Boeing Company, W. M. Keck Foundation, and The Walt Disney Company, and a former Director/Trustee for three Western Asset Management funds at Legg Mason. He serves or has served on a number of educational, environmental and other nonprofit boards, including chairman of the California Business Roundtable, a trustee of Stanford University, a trustee of California Institute of Technology, co-chairman of the Pacific Council on International Policy, and chairman of the Public Policy Institute of California.
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John Edwards
Johnny Reid "John" Edwards (born June 10, 1953) is an American politician, who served as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina. He was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, and was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2004 and 2008.
He defeated incumbent Republican Lauch Faircloth in North Carolina's 1998 Senate election. Towards the end of his single six-year term, he sought the Democratic Party's nomination in the 2004 presidential election. He eventually became the 2004 Democratic candidate for vice-president, the running mate of presidential nominee Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts.
Following Kerry's loss to incumbent President George W. Bush, Edwards began working full-time at the One America Committee, a political action committee he established in 2001, and was appointed director of the Center on Poverty, Work and Opportunity at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law. He was also a consultant for Fortress Investment Group LLC. Edwards launched a second bid for the Democratic nomination during the 2008 presidential campaign.
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John Heilemann
John Arthur Heilemann (born January 23, 1966) is an American journalist for New York magazine, where he mainly covers US politics. He previously was a staff writer for The New Yorker, Wired, and The Economist. He is the coauthor of the No. 1 New York Times bestseller Game Change, about the 2008 presidential campaign, and the author of a previous book, Pride Before the Fall, about the Microsoft antitrust case. He was the host of a four-part documentary series for Discovery called Download: the True Story of the Internet, about the rise of the World Wide Web, which first aired in 2008. Heilemann is also an MSNBC political analyst.
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John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, the 10th most senior United States Senator and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was the presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2004 presidential election, but lost to then President George W. Bush.
The son of an Army Air Corps serviceman, Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado. He attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and went on to graduate from Yale University class of 1966, where he majored in political science. He enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966 and, during 1968-1969, served a four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service he was awarded several combat medals that include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts. After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesperson and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam war. During that period, he appeared before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of "war crimes".
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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
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John Nance Garner
John Nance Garner IV (22 November 1868 – 7 November 1967), was an American Democratic politician and lawyer from Texas. He was a state representative from 1898 to 1902, and U.S. Representative from 1903 to 1933. He was the 44th Speaker of the House in 1931–1933. In 1932, he was elected the 32nd Vice President of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1941. A conservative Southerner, Garner opposed the sit-down strikes of the labor unions and the New Deal's deficit spending. He broke with President Franklin D. Roosevelt in early 1937 over the issue of enlarging the Supreme Court, and helped defeat it on the grounds that it centralized too much power in the President's hands. Otherwise he played a minor role in politics while Vice President.
Garner was born near the village of Detroit in Red River County in eastern Texas, to John Nance Garner, III, and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest. Garner attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, for one semester before dropping out and returning home. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas.
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John Paul Stevens
John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from December 19, 1975 until his retirement on June 29, 2010. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest member of the Court and the third-longest serving justice in the Court's history. He was nominated by President Gerald Ford to replace the Court's longest-serving justice, William O. Douglas. Stevens is widely considered to have been on the liberal side of the Court. Stevens served with three Chief Justices (Warren E. Burger, William Rehnquist, and John G. Roberts).
Stevens was born on April 20, 1920, in Hyde Park,Chicago, Illinois, to a wealthy family. His paternal grandfather had formed an insurance company and held real estate in Chicago, while his great-uncle owned the Chas A. Stevens department store. His father, Ernest James Stevens, was a lawyer who later became a hotelier, owning two hotels, the La Salle and the Stevens Hotel. He lost ownership of the hotels during the Great Depression and was convicted of embezzlement (the conviction was later overturned). (The Stevens Hotel was subsequently bought by Hilton Hotels and is today the Chicago Hilton and Towers.) His mother, Elizabeth Maude (Street) Stevens, was a high school English teacher. Two of his three older brothers also became lawyers.
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John Sherman
John Sherman, nicknamed "The Ohio Icicle" (May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900), was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Ohio during the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. He served as both Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State and was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act. His older brothers were Charles Taylor Sherman, a federal judge in Ohio, and General William Tecumseh Sherman of Civil War fame. His younger brother was banker Hoyt Sherman.
Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Mary Hoyt Sherman and Charles Robert Sherman, a justice in the Ohio Supreme Court. When he died in 1829, John's mother was left with eleven children to take care of. His brother, William, went to live with Maria and Thomas Ewing who were friends of the Shermans.
Sherman was educated at common schools as well as an academy in Ohio, but left early to work as an engineer on canal projects. He later began studying law and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He became partners with his brother the same year and practiced out of Mansfield, Ohio. He married Cecilia Margaret Stewart in 1848, the daughter of an Ohio judge.
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John Sparkman
John Jackson Sparkman (December 20, 1899 – November 16, 1985) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Alabama. A Southern Democrat, Sparkman served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate from 1937 until 1979. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President as Adlai Stevenson's running mate in the 1952 U.S. presidential election.
Sparkman was born on a farm near Hartselle, Alabama. He attended the rural schools and helped on the family farm. During World War I, he was a member of the Students Army Training Corps. He graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa in 1921 and from University of Alabama School of Law in 1923. Sparkman was a founding member of the Gamma Alpha Chapter of Pi Kappa Alpha.
John Sparkman was admitted to the bar in 1925 and commenced practice in Huntsville. He was an instructor at Huntsville College from 1925 to 1928. A Freemason, he was life member of Helion Lodge#1 in Huntsville. He was also member of the Huntsville Scottish Rite bodies and a recipient of the Knight Commander Court of Honor (KCCH).
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John Tyler
John Tyler (29 March 1790 – 18 January 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845), after being the tenth Vice President of the United States (1841). A native of Virginia, Tyler served as a state legislator, governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator before being elected Vice President in 1840. He was the first to succeed to the office of President on the death of the incumbent. Tyler's opposition to nationalism and emphatic support of states' rights endeared him to his fellow Virginians but alienated him from most of the political allies that brought him to power in Washington. His presidency was crippled by opposition from both parties. Near the end of his life, he supported the secession movement in the southern states, and was elected to the Congress of the Confederate States of America.
Tyler was born to an aristocratic Virginia family of English descent and he came to national prominence at a time of political upheaval. In the 1820s, the nation's only political party, the Democratic-Republicans, split into factions, most of which did not share Tyler's strict constructionist ideals. Though initially a Democrat, his opposition to Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren led him to alliance with the Whig Party; he was elected Vice President In 1840 on the Whig ticket. Upon the death of President William Henry Harrison on 4 April 1841, only a month after his inauguration, a short Constitutional crisis arose over the succession process. Tyler immediately moved into the White House, took the oath of office, and assumed full presidential powers, a precedent that would govern future successions and eventually be codified in the Twenty-fifth Amendment.
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John Wales
John Wales (July 31, 1783 - December 3, 1863) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Whig Party, who served as U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Wales was born in New Haven, Connecticut and graduated from Yale College in 1801. He was admitted to the Connecticut Bar in 1801 and began practicing law in New Haven, and later, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After two years in Baltimore, Maryland, he moved to Wilmington, Delaware in 1815.
In 1814 Wales became a secretary for the Society for the Promotion of American Manufacturers, which was designed to promote and encourage Delaware's manufacturing industry. Wales both drafted the by-laws of the Savings Bank in 1832 and served as the president of the National Bank of Wilmington and Brandywine from 1824 to 1829.
Wales served as the Secretary of State for Delaware from 1845 to 1849, and was elected as a Whig to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John M. Clayton. He served from February 23, 1849 until March 3, 1851 when he failed in his reelection bid.
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Jonathon Sharkey
Jonathon (originally John) Albert "The Impaler" Sharkey (born April 2, 1964) is an American professional wrestler and perennial candidate. He resides in Florida and initially attempted to run for President as a Republican in 2012. On August 24, 2011, he formally ended his presidential campaign, but states that he has "all intentions of running in 2020."
He formerly lived in Minnesota but moved to Florida in 2010. Sharkey has three living children, and a fourth child who is now deceased. He also has a grandson. Sharkey says that he has never dated anyone over 19 years old since 2006. Sharkey drinks his girlfriends' blood and one of his former girlfriends, Audrianna Foster, has claimed to be a vampire herself.
Sharkey began wrestling in 1988. He began his career with Larry Sharpe's WWA promotion, facing "Diamond Jim" Brady in a boxer vs. wrestler match. Following this, he worked with a number of other wrestling promoters including Rocky Johnson, father of Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson. He cites his greatest wrestling influences as Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat.
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Joshua Clayton
Dr. Joshua Clayton (July 20, 1744 – August 11, 1798) was an American physician and politician from Mt. Pleasant in Pencader Hundred, New Castle County, Delaware. He was an officer of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Clayton was born near Wyoming, Delaware, son of John Clayton & Eleanor Edinfield. John Clayton was a miller and the grandson of another Joshua Clayton, a Quaker, who came from Lincolnshire, England in the late 17th century. The younger Joshua Clayton went to medical school at, what is now, the University of Pennsylvania from 1757 until 1762, and then began a medical practice in Middletown, Delaware. He became close friends with Richard Bassett, and in 1765, married his adopted daughter, Rachael McCleary.
Clayton acquired a portion of Richard Bassett's Bohemia Manor estate, and in 1773 built their home, Locust Grove. It is now known as the Dickey Farm, and is on the Choptank Road, two miles west of Mt. Pleasant in Pencader Hundred, to the northwest of Middletown. There they had three children who lived to adulthood, Richard, James Lawson and Thomas. Their religious affiliation is unclear, but they were almost certainly members of the Bethel Methodist Church by the time of their deaths.
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Jules Witcover
Jules Joseph Witcover (born July 16, 1927) is an American journalist, author, and columnist.
Witcover is a veteran newspaperman of 50 years' standing, having written for The Baltimore Sun, the now-defunct Washington Star, the Los Angeles Times, and The Washington Post.[1] [2] Together with Jack Germond, Witcover co-wrote "Politics Today," a five-day-a-week syndicated column, for over 24 years.
He lives in Washington, DC with his wife, author and H.L. Mencken scholar Marion Elizabeth Rodgers.
His most recent works are Very Strange Bedfellows: The Short and Unhappy Marriage of Nixon & Agnew, Public Affairs (2007).[3] and Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption.
In March 2008, his history of campaign finance reform, "The Longest Campaign," appeared on the Center for Public Integrity's The Buying of the President 2008 website. [4]
Witcover assumed the mantle of Theodore H. White, producing the definitive chronicle of the 1976 presidential campaign, Marathon, and then following with books on every contest from 1980 through 1992 (these four co-authored with Jack W. Germond). In the 1990s and 2000s, he became increasingly preoccupied with the mechanics of national campaigns -- authoring works on the Vice Presidency, political consultants and fundraising -- as well as political history and biography.
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Karen Mills
Karen Gordon Mills is the 23rd administrator of the Small Business Administration (SBA), a federal agency which provides small businesses with access to capital and government contracts, counseling and training, and disaster relief. She was nominated by President-elect Barack Obama on December 19, 2008, confirmed unanimously by the Senate on April 2, 2009, and sworn in on April 6, 2009. She was elevated to the rank of Cabinet-level officer on January 13, 2012.
Mills is the daughter of Mr. Melvin and Ellen Gordon, the CEO and President of Tootsie Roll Industries, respectively. She is married to Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, and has three sons. She has a B.A. in economics from Harvard University, and an MBA from Harvard Business School.
Mills has extensive experience in managing and investing in small businesses. During the 1980s and 1990s, Mills worked with and managed several small manufacturing firms throughout the country, including producers of hardwood flooring, refrigerator motors, and plastic injection molding.
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Kat Swift
Kat Swift (born June 6, 1973) is a United States political activist, former co-chair of the Green Party of Texas, and spokesperson for the Green Party's National Women’s Caucus. Swift announced her intention to seek the 2008 Presidential nomination of the US Green Party at the 2004 Green Party National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She was one of the youngest candidates to seek the office in 2008, meeting the age requirement of 35-years-old only months before Election Day in 2008. In 2007, she ran for City Council, District 1 in San Antonio, Texas finishing second of three candidates with 1,630 votes for 29.48% of the total vote. On July 12, 2008 she finished third on the single ballot for the party's presidential nomination with 38 out of 532 delegate votes cast. She later endorsed the winner of the presidential nomination Cynthia McKinney. Swift was later a 2010 candidate for Bexar County Commissioner in Precinct 2.
Swift is a critic of electronic voting machines, and during a 2008 interview said: "The people must have precedence over corporations and political machines! Think about who is counting [votes] and paying for the candidates to run for office. Are they people who are acting out of duty for an egalitarian society, justice, and liberty...or are they in it for other reasons?”
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Kathleen Mickells
Kathleen Mickells (born 1951) is an American oil refinery worker, coal miner and activist with the Socialist Workers Party (SWP).
Mickells was born in Omaha, Nebraska and worked at the Cumberland Mine in Greene County, Pennsylvania before being laid off in 1987. In 1986, she led a delegation of American women coal miners to tour coal fields in the United Kingdom. In that same year, Mickells attended the International Miners Organisation meeting also in the United Kingdom. In 1987, she was part of the SWP delegation which attended the 75th anniversary of the founding of the African National Congress, which was held in Arusha, Tanzania due to the apartheid policies in South Africa.
In 1983, Mickells ran for Commissioner in Washington County, Pennsylvania and received 7% of the vote. In 1985, she ran a write-in campaign for the United States Congress in West Virginia. In 1988, Mickells ran as the vice presidential candidate alongside James Warren on the SWP ticket. The Warren/Mickells pair received 15,602 votes nationally. In 1991, Mickells ran as the SWP candidate for Mayor of Philadelphia, saying she would bring a working-class worldview to city politics. She finished in sixth and last place of the declared candidates with 1,811 votes.
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Kathleen Sebelius
Kathleen Sebelius (pronounced /sɨˈbiːliəs/; née Gilligan, born May 15, 1948) is an American politician currently serving as the 21st Secretary of Health and Human Services. She was the second female Governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009, the Democratic respondent to the 2008 State of the Union address, and chair-emerita of the Democratic Governors Association.
Sebelius was born and raised in a Roman Catholic family in Cincinnati, Ohio. She attended the Summit Country Day School in Cincinnati and graduated from Trinity Washington University in Washington, D.C. with a B.A. in political science. She later earned a Master of Public Administration degree from the University of Kansas. She moved to Kansas in 1974, where she served for eight years as a representative in the Kansas Legislature and eight years as Insurance Commissioner before being elected governor.
Sebelius is the daughter of former Democratic Ohio Governor John J. Gilligan, and thus they became the first father/daughter governor pair in the United States after her election. Following passage of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, she pointed out another father-daughter connection: her father had been in the House of Representatives when Medicare was originally passed in 1965.
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Keith Russell Judd
Keith Russell Judd (born May 23, 1958) is an American inmate at Beaumont Federal Correctional Institution in Texarkana, Texas and a perennial candidate for political office. Judd claims to have run for President of the United States in every election since 1996. He also claims to have run for mayor of Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Governor of New Mexico.
In 1999 Judd was convicted of two counts of "mailing a threatening communication with intent to extort money or something of value" and sentenced to 210 months (17½ years) in federal prison. The convictions stemmed from an incident in which he made threats at the University of New Mexico. He has appealed his conviction no less than 36 times, but each appeal has been dismissed for various reasons.
In 2008 he filed to run as a Democrat for President of the United States in 14 states but only appeared on the ballot in Idaho. Judd finished third in the May 27, 2008, non-binding Idaho Democratic presidential preference primary with 1.7 percent of the vote, behind Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton. No delegates to the Democratic National Convention were at stake in the primary as Idaho's delegation was determined at the February 5 Democratic caucus, which Judd unsuccessfully contested.
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Ken Salazar
Kenneth Lee "Ken" Salazar (pronounced /ˈsæləzɑr/; born March 2, 1955) is the current United States Secretary of the Interior, in the administration of President Barack Obama. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as a United States Senator from Colorado from 2005 to 2009. He and Mel Martinez (R-Florida) were the first Hispanic U.S. Senators since 1977; they were joined by Bob Menendez (D-New Jersey) in January 2006. Prior to his election to the U.S. Senate, he served as Attorney General of Colorado from 1999 to 2005.
On December 17, 2008, President-elect Obama announced he would nominate Salazar as U.S. Secretary of the Interior. The environmentalist movement's reaction to this nomination was mixed. Previously, Salazar supported the nomination of Gale Norton to Secretary of the Interior, President George W. Bush's first appointee who preceded Salazar as Colorado Attorney General. On January 20, 2009, Salazar was confirmed by unanimous consent in the Senate.
Ken Salazar was born in Alamosa, Colorado, the son of Emma M. and Henry (Enrique) S. Salazar. He grew up near Manassa, in the community of Los Rincones in the San Luis Valley area of south-central Colorado. Salazar attended St. Francis Seminary and Centauri High School in La Jara, graduating in 1973. He later attended Colorado College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1977, and received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the University of Michigan Law School in 1981. Later Salazar was awarded honorary degrees (Doctor of Laws) from Colorado College (1993) and the University of Denver (1999). After graduating, Salazar started private law practice.
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Kent Mesplay
Kent Mesplay (born July 19, 1962) is the California delegate to the Green National Committee and unsuccessfully sought the 2004 Green Party Presidential nomination which he lost again in 2008.
Mesplay was born and raised in Papua New Guinea to Lutheran Missionary parents. He graduated Valedictorian from Mira Mesa High School in 1980. In college, he studied Western and non-Western medicine, earning a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from Northwestern University and he obtained an undergrad degree in Engineering from Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California. After graduate school, Mesplay suffered through a long period of unemployment as he worked to develop a funded position for himself at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, in Long Beach, California, before moving to La Mesa and teaching mathematics in the Grossmont Union High School District. He currently works as an Air Quality Inspector at the Air Pollution Control District, in San Diego.
Mesplay became a Green Party of California delegate to the Green National Committee in 2004 [1]. Previously, he was elected Treasurer of the Green Party County Council, San Diego, which he served as from 1996-1997. During the same period, he was the co-chair of the Communications Committee, Green Party County Council, San Diego.
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Key Pittman
Key Denson Pittman (September 19, 1872 – November 10, 1940) was a United States Senator from Nevada. He was a Democrat.
Pittman was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1872 and was educated by private tutors and at the Southwestern Presbyterian University in Clarksville, Tennessee. He studied law, then later became a lawyer. In 1897, he joined in the Klondike Gold Rush and worked as a miner until 1901. Pittman moved to Tonopah, Nevada, in 1902 and continued the practice of law. He represented Nevada at the St. Louis Exposition, the Lewis & Clark Centennial Exposition, and the irrigation congress. In 1910, he made an unsuccessful run for the Senate. Later, he was elected as a Democrat to the Senate in 1913 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of George S. Nixon, and served until his death in 1940. Between 1933 and 1940 he was the Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations and was also a member of the Committee on Territories and the Committee on Industrial Expositions. In addition, during those years Pittman was President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
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Knute Nelson
Knute Nelson, also known as Knud Evanger (February 2, 1843 – April 28, 1923) was a Norwegian-American attorney and politician active in both Wisconsin and Minnesota. A Republican, he served in state and national positions: he was elected to the Wisconsin and Minnesota legislatures, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and the US Senate from Minnesota, and he served as the 12th Governor of Minnesota.
He is known for promoting the Nelson Act of 1889 to consolidate the Ojibwe/Chippewa in Minnesota on a western reservation in the state, and require the breakup of communal land by allotting it to individual households, with sales of the remainder to anyone. This was similar to the Dawes Act of 1887, which had applied to Native American lands in the Indian Territory.
Knute Nelson was born out of wedlock in Voss, Norway to Ingebjørg Haldorsdatter Kvilekval, who named him Knud Evanger. He was baptized by his uncle on their farm of Kvilekval, who recorded his father as Helge Knudsen Styve. This is unconfirmed. Various theories persist about Knud's paternity, including one involving Gjest Baardsen, a famous outlaw.
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Laurence Kotlikoff
Laurence Jacob Kotlikoff (born January 30, 1951) is a William Warren FairField Professor at Boston University, a Professor of Economics at Boston University, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, a Fellow of the Econometric Society, a former Senior Economist, President’s Council of Economic Advisers, and President of Economic Security Planning, Inc., a company that markets ESPlanner - an economics-based personal financial planning software program, a simplified version of which is available on-line for free use by the public.
Kotlikoff is running for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He is seeking the nominations of the advocacy group Americans Elect and the Reform Party of the United States.
Kotlikoff has written that the economic future is bleak for the United States without tax reform, health care reform, and Social Security reform in his book The Coming Generational Storm and other publications.
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Laurie Roth
Laurie Roth is an American radio talk show host and political commentator. She hosts the nationally syndicated political talk show, The Roth Show. Roth is a candidate for President of the United States in the 2012 election, seeking the nomination of the American Independent Party. She also unsuccessfully sought the 2012 nomination of the Constitution Party.
Roth has Ph.D. in counseling. She was a professional singer-songwriter in the early to mid-1990s, and was the host and co-producer of the PBS music show CD Highway from 1995 to 2000.
Roth began her career in in talk radio by doing a guest stint on KGA-AM in Spokane, Washington in 2001. She then had her own show on KPLS in Los Angeles, California.
Dubbing herself the "Annie Oakley of the Airwaves", Roth has hosted the nationally nationally syndicated The Roth Show, a conservative political commentary program, since it began in 2003 on KQNT in Spokane. The program is broadcast weekdays from the studios of flagship station KSBN in Spokane to over 50 stations nationwide.
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Lee Abramson
Lee Abramson (born September 13, 1970) is an American composer and musician. He was diagnosed with progressive muscular atrophy in February 2005. He is also the first person to write music using ModelTalker, a computerized speech production program. Abramson uses adaptive technology, live musicians and electronic technology to create complex musical expressions, all with one finger. His music features layers of electronic textures, synthesizers, piano, bass, and percussion. His music was recently used as a subject for study in a Michigan State University class. Because of his disability, which limits his ability to control a computer to the use of only one finger, Abramson writes music one note at a time using software such as Sibelius, LogicPro, ModelTalker to use computer recordings of his voice to "sing" on songs, Keystrokes from Assistiveware as an on-screen keyboard, and Dreamweaver for web design.
He is an independent candidate for President of the United States in 2012.
Prior to his physical illness, Abramson was the bassist for numerous small bands, including Violet Wine and Punchy. His recent creations are classified as Rumi music, where he sets Rumi poetry to music. Abramson has performed under several noms de plume, including Ace NoFace, under which he wrote and produced the album Toxic Charm. In addition, under Rumi Music, he produced a self-entitled album, Rumi Music and later, Vow to Silence.
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Lenora Fulani
Lenora Branch Fulani (b. April 25, 1950, birth name Lenora Branch) is an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and political activist. She may be best known for her presidential campaigns and development of youth programs serving minority communities in the New York City area. In the United States presidential election, 1988 heading the New Alliance Party ticket, she became the first woman and the first African American to achieve ballot access in all fifty states. She received more votes for President in a U.S. general election than any other woman in history. Fulani's political concerns include racial equality, gay rights and for the past decade, political reform, specifically to encourage third parties.
In her career, Fulani has worked closely since 1980 with Fred Newman, a New York-based psychotherapist and political activist who has often served as her campaign manager. Newman developed the theory and practice of Social Therapy in the 1970s, founding the New York Institute for Social Therapy in 1977. Along with psychologist Lois Holzman, Fulani has worked to incorporate the social therapeutic approach into youth-oriented programs, most notably the New York City-based All Stars Project, which she co-founded in 1981.
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Leon Panetta
Leon Edward Panetta (born June 28, 1938) is the 23rd and current United States Secretary of Defense, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama since 2011. Prior to taking office, he served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. An Italian-American Democratic politician, lawyer, and professor, Panetta served as President Bill Clinton's White House Chief of Staff from 1994 to 1997, Director of the Office of Management and Budget from 1993–1994, and was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1993. He is the founder of the Panetta Institute for Public Policy, served as Distinguished Scholar to Chancellor Charles B. Reed of the California State University System and professor of public policy at Santa Clara University.
In January 2009, President Obama nominated Panetta for the post of CIA Director. Panetta was confirmed by the full Senate in February 2009. As director of the CIA, Panetta oversaw the U.S. military operation that led to Osama bin Laden's death.
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Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Russian: Леони́д Ильи́ч Бре́жнев; IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲid ɪlʲˈjitɕ ˈbrʲeʐnʲɪf] ( listen); Ukrainian: Леоні́д Іллі́ч Бре́жнєв, 19 December 1906 (O.S. 6 December) – 10 November 1982) was the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), presiding over the country from 1964 until his death in 1982. His eighteen-year term as General Secretary was second only to that of Joseph Stalin in length. During Brezhnev's rule, the global influence of the Soviet Union grew dramatically, in part because of the expansion of the Soviet military during this time, but his tenure as leader has often been criticised for marking the beginning of a period of economic stagnation in which serious economic problems were overlooked, problems which eventually led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Brezhnev was born in Kamenskoe into a Russian worker's family. After graduating from the Dniprodzerzhynsk Metallurgical Technicum, he became a metallurgical engineer in the iron and steel industry, in Ukraine. He joined Komsomol in 1923, and in 1929 became an active member of the Communist Party. He was drafted into immediate military service during World War II and left the army in 1946 with the rank of Major General. In 1952 Brezhnev became a member of the Central Committee, and in 1964, Brezhnev succeeded Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary. Alexei Kosygin succeeded Khrushchev in his post as Chairman of the Council of Ministers.
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Libby Copeland
Libby Copeland is a staff writer for the Washington Post. She started her career with the Post in 1998 as an intern in the Style department,[1] and now covers Washington politics.[2] [3] In 2005, she was the Feature Specialty Reporting winner for the large circlulation papers in the annual competition held by the American Association of Sunday and Feature Editors.[4] She has appeared on MSNBC, CNN and NPR.
Copeland wrote primarily about the McCain and Edwards campaigns during the 2008 election, and profiled political figures including Joe and Jill Biden and Cindy and Meghan McCain. Her coverage of the 2006 Congressional mid-term elections has also been both lauded [5][6] and enthusastically criticisized [7][8] by the blogging community, and Wonkette called one of her pieces "fawning," [9].
She wrote articles for the Post about Washington, DC area graffiti artist Borf (aka John Tsombikos) and has been the subject of some graffiti saying "Libby Copeland Writes Lies," possibly in connection with the Borf issue.[10]
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Linda Greenhouse
Linda Greenhouse (born January 9, 1947, New York City) is the Knight Distinguished Journalist in Residence and Joseph M. Goldstein Senior Fellow at Yale Law School. She is a Pulitzer Prize winning reporter who covered the United States Supreme Court for nearly three decades for The New York Times.
Greenhouse received her BA degree in government from Radcliffe College in 1968 and a Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School in 1978.
Greenhouse began her 40-year career at The New York Times covering state government in the paper's bureau in Albany. After completing her Master's degree on a Ford Foundation fellowship, she returned to the Times and covered 29 sessions of the Supreme Court from 1978 to 2007, with the exception of two years during the mid-1980s during which she covered Congress. Since 1981, she has authored over 2,800 articles for The New York Times. She has been a regular guest on the PBS program Washington Week.
In 2008, Greenhouse accepted an offer from the Times for an early retirement at the end of the Supreme Court session in the summer of 2008. Seven of the nine sitting Justices attended a goodbye party for Greenhouse on June 12, 2008.
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Lindsey Graham
Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is the senior United States Senator from South Carolina and a member of the Republican Party. Previously he served as the United States Representative for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district.
Graham was born in Central, South Carolina, where his parents, Millie and Florence James Graham, ran a liquor store, the Sanitary Cafe. After graduating from D. W. Daniel High School, Graham became the first member of his family to attend college and joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps. When he was 21 his mother died, and his father died 15 months later. Because his sister was left orphaned, the service allowed Graham to attend University of South Carolina in Columbia so he could be near home and care for his sister, whom he adopted. During his studies, he became a member of the fraternity Pi Kappa Phi.
Graham graduated from the University of South Carolina with a B.A. in Psychology in 1977 and from the University of South Carolina School of Law with a J.D. in 1981. Upon graduating, Graham was commissioned as an officer and judge advocate in the United States Air Force, placed on active duty and sent to Europe as a military prosecutor. He eventually entered private practice as a lawyer.
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Lloyd Bentsen
Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Jr. (February 11, 1921 – May 23, 2006) was a four-term United States senator (1971–1993) from Texas and the Democratic Party nominee for Vice President in 1988 on the Michael Dukakis ticket. He also served in the House of Representatives from 1949 to 1955. In his later political life, he was Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee and the U.S. Treasury Secretary during the first two years of the Clinton administration.
Bentsen was born in Mission in Hidalgo County in south Texas; his parents were Lloyd Millard Bentsen, Sr., a first-generation Danish American, and the former Edna Ruth Colbath. Bentsen was an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He attended Sharyland High School. He graduated from the University of Texas School of Law in 1942 where he was a member of the Upsilon Chapter of Sigma Nu fraternity and the Texas Cowboys. Upon graduation, he served in the United States Army Air Corps from 1942 to 1945. On November 27, 1943, he married Beryl Ann Longino, a fashion model, whom he first met in college.[citation needed]
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Louis McLane
Louis McLane (May 28, 1786 – October 7, 1857) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware, and Baltimore, Maryland. He was a veteran of the War of 1812 and a member of the Federalist Party and later the Democratic Party. He served as the U.S. Representative from Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Secretary of State, Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom, and President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Named for the King of France, McLane was born in Smyrna, Delaware, son of Allen and Rebecca Wells McLane. Allen McLane was a veteran of the American Revolution and long time tax collector for the port of Wilmington. He was well-known and a fervently loyal Federalist. As such he received the strong backing of James A. Bayard, who managed to see that the elder McLane was able to keep his lucrative position in spite of the accession of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency in 1801. In fact, he held the office until the administration of Andrew Jackson. Much of his income came from the seizure of contraband and Louis McLane inherited much of this wealth, along with legal issues that lasted well beyond the death of his father.
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Lyman Trumbull
Lyman Trumbull (October 12, 1813 – June 25, 1896) was a United States Senator from Illinois during the American Civil War, and co-author of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
Trumbull was born in Colchester, Connecticut, the grandson of historian Benjamin Trumbull. He attended Bacon Academy and was a school teacher from 1829 to 1833. At 20, he was head of an academy in Georgia. After studying law, he was admitted to the bar and practiced in Greenville, Georgia until moving to Belleville, Illinois in 1837.
By 1840, he was serving in the Illinois House of Representatives, and he served as Illinois Secretary of State from 1841-1843. From 1848 to 1853 he was a justice on the Supreme Court of Illinois. Although elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1854, he was elected to serve in the United States Senate before he could take his seat. He served from 1855 through 1873, during which time he claimed party affiliations with the Democrats, the Republicans, the Liberal Republicans, and finally the Democrats again. As chairman of the Judiciary Committee (1861–1872), he co-wrote the Thirteenth Amendment, which prohibited all kinds of slavery in the United States other than its use as punishment for crimes of which the party had been convicted; this became the sentence to "time at hard labor" that became assignable for certain crimes.
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Lyndon LaRouche
Lyndon Hermyle LaRouche, Jr. (born September 8, 1922), also known as Lyn Marcus, is an American political activist and founder of the LaRouche movement. He has written on economic, scientific, and political topics, as well as on history, philosophy, and psychoanalysis. Journalists and government officials in China, Italy and Russia have credited LaRouche with forecasting that unrestricted financial speculation would cause the late-2000s financial crisis.
LaRouche was a presidential candidate eight times between 1976 to 2004, running once for his own U.S. Labor Party and campaigning seven times for the Democratic Party nomination. He was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment in 1988 for conspiracy to commit mail fraud and tax code violations, and was released in 1994 on parole. Ramsey Clark, his chief appellate attorney and a former U.S. Attorney General, said that LaRouche was denied a fair trial. The Court of Appeals unanimously rejected the appeal.
Supporters of LaRouche call him a political leader in the tradition of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Commentators for The Washington Post and The New York Times have described him as a conspiracy theorist and a political extremist. Some have called him fascist or antisemitic, and a 1979 editorial in the New York Times characterized his movement as a 'cult'.Norman Bailey, formerly with the National Security Council, described LaRouche's staff in 1984 as one of the best private intelligence services in the world, while the Heritage Foundation, a think tank, wrote that he leads "what may well be one of the strangest political groups in American history."
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Mark Halperin
Mark Evan Halperin (born January 11, 1965) is the senior political analyst for Time magazine, Time.com, and MSNBC and serves as a board member on the New Hampshire Institute of Politics at Saint Anselm College. He is the co-author (with John Heilemann) of Game Change.
Mark Halperin is the son of Morton Halperin and Ina Young. He has two brothers, David and Gary. He was born in Bethesda, Maryland, or Cambridge, Massachusetts, and raised in Bethesda, where he attended Walt Whitman High School. Halperin received his college degree from Harvard University in 1987.
In 1988 Halperin started out as a desk assistant for ABC News and a researcher for World News Tonight. He then worked in the investigative unit of World News Tonight and as a general assignment reporter in Washington. In 1992 he worked full time as an off-air producer covering Bill Clinton. In 1994 Halperin became a producer with ABC's special events unit in New York and later an editorial producer.
In 1997 he was named the political director for ABC News. As director, Halperin appeared frequently as a correspondent and political analyst for ABC News television and radio programs. He also founded and edited The Note, which appears daily on ABCNews.com. In October 2006, Halperin, along with John F. Harris, released their book, The Way to Win: Clinton, Bush, Rove, and How to Take the White House in 2008 (ISBN 1-4000-6447-3).
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Mark Liberman
Mark Liberman (pronounced /ˈlɪbərmən/) is an American linguist. He has a dual appointment at the University of Pennsylvania, as Trustee Professor of Phonetics in the Department of Linguistics, and as a professor in the Department of Computer and Information Sciences. He is the founder and director of the Linguistic Data Consortium.
Liberman attended Harvard College but did not graduate. After two years' service in the U.S. Army in Vietnam, he enrolled in graduate school in Linguistics at MIT where he received his MA and, in 1975, his PhD. From 1975 until 1990 he was a Member of Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories.
Liberman's main research interests lie in phonetics, prosody, and other aspects of speech communication. His research is frequently conducted through computational analyses of linguistic corpora.
Liberman is also the founder of (and frequent contributor to) Language Log, a blog with a broad cast of dozens of professional linguists. The concept of the eggcorn was first proposed in one of his posts there.
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Mark Warner
Mark Robert Warner (born December 15, 1954) is an American politician and businessman, currently serving as the junior United States Senator from the Commonwealth of Virginia. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Warner was the 69th governor of Virginia from 2002 to 2006 and is the honorary chairman of the Forward Together PAC. Warner delivered the keynote address before the nation at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Mark Warner's experience as a congressional staffer and Democratic Party fundraiser in the 1980s prompted his involvement in telecommunications venture capital; he founded the firm Columbia Capital.
In 2006 he was widely expected to pursue the Democratic nomination in the 2008 U.S. presidential elections; however, he announced in October 2006 that he would not run, citing a desire not to disrupt his family life. Warner was considered to be a potential vice presidential candidate, but upon receiving the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate, he announced that he "will not accept any other opportunity." He is expected to become the state's senior senator when Jim Webb retires from the Senate in January 2013.
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Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Dutch: Maarten van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States (1837–1841). Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson (1829–1831).
Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to be born an American citizen, his predecessors having been born British subjects before the American Revolution. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch, and the first president from New York.
As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, Van Buren was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy, particularly in New York State. As president, he did not want the United States to annex Texas, an act which John Tyler would achieve eight years after Van Buren's initial rejection. Between the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada also proved to be strained.
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Mary Ruwart
Mary J. Ruwart, Ph. D. (born October 16, 1949) is a research scientist and libertarian speaker, writer, and activist. She was a leading candidate for the 2008 Libertarian Party presidential nomination and is the author of the award-winning international bestseller "Healing Our World."
Born in Detroit, Ruwart holds an undergraduate degree in biochemistry (B.S., 1970), and a graduate degree in biophysics (Ph.D., 1974) from Michigan State University. After a brief term as an Assistant Professor of Surgery at St. Louis University Medical School, Ruwart spent 19 years as a pharmaceutical research scientist for Upjohn Pharmaceuticals, and has written extensively on the subjects of government regulation of the drug industry and on libertarian communication.
In 1992, Ruwart published her best-selling book Healing Our World: The Other Piece of the Puzzle (ISBN 0-9632336-2-9); in 2003, the third edition was published, retitled Healing Our World in an Age of Aggression (ISBN 0-9632336-6-1). In the afterword of the third edition of Healing Our World, Ruwart describes the experience of her sister's death, an assisted suicide facilitated by Jack Kevorkian.
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Matt Gonzalez
Matthew Edward Gonzalez (born June 4, 1965) is an American politician, lawyer, and activist prominent in San Francisco politics. He currently serves as chief attorney in the San Francisco Public Defender's office.
Gonzalez was a member and president of San Francisco County's Board of Supervisors. He was also one of the first Green Party candidates elected to public office in the San Francisco Bay area. In 2003, Gonzalez ran for mayor of San Francisco but lost in a close race to Democrat Gavin Newsom. In the 2008 presidential election, Gonzalez ran for vice president as the running mate of candidate Ralph Nader.
Matthew Edward Gonzalez was born in McAllen, Texas, to a Mexican mother, Oralia, and Mexican-American father, Mateo. Gonzalez spent his first four years in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The Gonzalez family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana; Baltimore, Maryland; and Louisville, Kentucky, before the family returned to McAllen when Gonzalez was 11 years old.
In an interview with the editorial board of the San Francisco Chronicle, Gonzalez described his father as a salesman who initially started out selling "cigarettes from the back of his car in south Texas" in the late 1950s or early 1960s, and later started an import/export business selling medical and dental supplies. A profile in the San Francisco Chronicle reported that Gonzalez's father was a division chief for the international tobacco company Brown & Williamson.
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Maureen Dowd
Maureen Bridgid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is a Washington D.C.-based columnist for The New York Times and best-selling author. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, she worked for Time magazine and the Washington Star, where she covered news as well as sports and wrote feature articles. Dowd joined the Times in 1983 as a metropolitan reporter and eventually became an Op-Ed writer for the newspaper in 1995. In 1999, she was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.
Dowd was born the youngest of five children in Washington, D.C. Her father, Mike, worked as a D.C. police inspector while her mother, Peggy, was a homemaker. Dowd graduated from Immaculata High School in 1969. She received a B.A. in English in 1973 from Catholic University in Washington, D.C.
Dowd began her career in 1974 as an editorial assistant for the Washington Star, where she later became a sports columnist, metropolitan reporter, and feature writer. When the newspaper closed in 1981, she went to work at Time. In 1983, she joined The New York Times, initially as a metropolitan reporter. She began serving as correspondent in the Times Washington bureau in 1986.
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Merlin Miller
Merlin L. Miller is an American independent film director, writer, and producer. His works include the 1998 television film A Place to Grow, starring Gary Morris, and the 2000 film Jericho, starring Mark Valley. During the 2000s, he adopted an increasingly white nationalist political philosophy and founded a Tennessee-based all-white production company, Americana Pictures. He has also written articles for the Barnes Review and the Occidental Observer.
Miller is the 2012 presidential nominee of the American Third Position Party.
Miller (born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa), claims to be a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, and to have commanded two United States Army units. Following this, he says, he worked as an Industrial engineering manager for Michelin Tire Company. In 1985, he graduated from the University of Southern California with an MFA degree in Cinema/Television.
Miller says that, in his childhood, he admired Walt Disney and Davy Crockett.
In 1989, Miller produced and edited Devil Rider, a horror movie starring Tag Groat as the title character. In 1991, Miller produced David Heavener's crime film Prime Target, starring Heavener as policeman John Bloodstone and Isaac Hayes as Captain Tompkins.
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Michael Bloomberg
Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and politician who is currently Mayor of New York City. With a net worth of $22 billion in 2012, he is also the 11th-richest person in the United States. He is the founder and 88% owner of Bloomberg L.P., a financial data-services firm.
A Democrat before seeking elective office, Bloomberg switched his registration in 2001 and ran for mayor as a Republican, winning the election that year and a second term in 2005. Bloomberg left the Republican Party over policy and philosophical disagreements with national party leadership in 2007 and ran for his third term in 2009 as an independent candidate on the Republican ballot line. He was frequently mentioned as a possible independent candidate for the 2008 presidential election, which fueled further speculation when he left the Republican Party. There was also speculation that he would run as a vice-presidential candidate. Bloomberg did not, however, seek the presidency nor was he selected as a running mate by any of the presidential candidates.
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Michael Dukakis
Michael Stanley Dukakis (/dʉˈkɑːkɨs/; born November 3, 1933) served as the 65th and 67th Governor of Massachusetts from 1975–1979 and from 1983–1991, and was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. He was born to Greek immigrants in Brookline, Massachusetts, also the birthplace of John F. Kennedy, and was the longest serving governor in Massachusetts history. He was the second Greek American governor in U.S. history after Spiro Agnew.
Dukakis's father Panos (1896–1979) was a Greek from Adramytio, in Asia Minor, who settled in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1912, and graduated from Harvard Medical School twelve years later, subsequently working as an obstetrician. His mother Euterpe (née Boukis) (1903–2003) was a Greek immigrant from Larissa of Vlach-Aromanian descent; she and her family emigrated to Haverhill, Massachusetts, in 1913. She was a graduate of Bates College.
Dukakis attended Brookline High School in his hometown. He graduated from Swarthmore College in 1955, served in the U.S. Army 1955–1957, stationed in Korea, and then received his law degree from Harvard Law School in 1960. Dukakis is also an Eagle Scout and recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America.
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Michael Jingozian
Michael Paul Jingozian (born April 30, 1961) is an American entrepreneur and political activist who served as vice chairman of the Libertarian Party from 2008 to 2010. He was a candidate for the presidential nomination of the Libertarian Party. Jingozian currently serves on the board of directors of the Free and Equal Elections Foundation, a non-partisan, nonprofit public policy advocacy group committed to election reform and protecting ballot-access laws in the U.S. He is also the founder and CEO of AngelVision Technologies, a marketing and sales promotion company, headquartered in Portland, Oregon. In 2011, the American Marketing Association of Oregon honored Jingozian as Marketer of the Year and presented him with the organization’s Lifetime Achievement Award.
Jingozian declared his candidacy for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in October 2006. Although he had never held public office, Jingozian sought to leverage his skills as a successful marketing-communications entrepreneur to deliver his campaign messages. An article in CNN Money magazine cited his effectiveness at getting through to the masses. Jingozian’s campaign proposals included reorganizing the U.S. military, reforming election laws and drug laws, eliminating the Department of Homeland Security, abolishing the Patriot Act, and establishing greater transparency and accountability in government. One of his recurring campaign themes was that practical and viable measures existed to solve America’s problems, but such solutions were blocked at every turn by professional politicians and bureaucrats.
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Michele Bachmann
Michele Marie Bachmann (pronounced /ˈbɑːkmən/; née Amble; born April 6, 1956) is an American Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Minnesota's 6th congressional district, a post she has held since 2007. The district includes several of the northern suburbs of the Twin Cities, such as Woodbury, and Blaine as well as Stillwater and St. Cloud.
She was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, winning the Ames Straw Poll in August 2011 but dropping out in January 2012 after finishing in sixth place in the Iowa caucuses. Bachmann previously served in the Minnesota State Senate and is the first Republican woman to represent the state in Congress. She is a supporter of the Tea Party movement and a founder of the House Tea Party Caucus.
Bachmann was born Michele Marie Amble in Waterloo, Iowa "into a family of Norwegian Lutheran Democrats"; her family moved from Iowa to Minnesota when she was 13 years old. After her parents divorced, Bachmann's father, David John Amble, moved to California, and Bachmann was raised by her mother, Arlene Jean (née Johnson), who worked at the First National Bank in Anoka, Minnesota. Her mother remarried when Bachmann was a teenager; the new marriage resulted in a family with nine children.
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Mike Donilon
Mike Donilon, a lawyer and political campaign consultant, has been appointed to be Counselor to the Vice-President by vice-president Joe Biden. Prior to the appointment, Donilon worked with the vice-presidential candidate to help him prepare for the debates and also as a traveling advisor. He has been an advisor and consultant to Vice President Biden since 1981.
Donilon is a graduate of La Salle Academy in Providence, RI. He received an A.B. and a J.D. from Georgetown University.
Mike Donilon has advised candidates and worked on their campaigns in numerous important races including Douglas Wilder's historic campaign and victory for governorship of Virginia (1989), Harris Wofford's upset victory over Dick Thornburgh to become Senator for the state of Pennsylvania, and Bill Clinton's successful run for the White House in 1992.
Donilon has also worked on campaigns for Governor Jon Corzine (D-NJ), Senator Bill Nelson (D-FL), Senator Jack Reed (D-RI), Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI), and former Senator Mark Dayton (D-MN). In 2006 and 2008, Donilon claims he was "was instrumental in the campaigns for Senator Claire McCaskill (D-MO), Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ), Senator Mark Udall (D-CO), and Senator Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH), working to create the campaign ads for those races paid for by indenpendent [sic] expenditure of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee."[attribution needed]
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Mike Gravel
Maurice Robert "Mike" Gravel ( /ɡrəˈvɛl/; born May 13, 1930) is a former Democratic United States Senator from Alaska, who served two terms from 1969 to 1981, and a former candidate in the 2008 presidential election.
Born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts to French-Canadian immigrant parents, Gravel served in the United States Army in West Germany and graduated from Columbia University. He moved to Alaska in the late 1950s, becoming a real estate developer and entering politics. He served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1963 to 1966 and became its Speaker of the House. Gravel was elected to the United States Senate in 1968.
As Senator, Gravel became nationally known for his forceful but unsuccessful attempts to end the draft during the Vietnam War and for putting the Pentagon Papers into the public record in 1971 at risk to himself. He conducted an unusual campaign for the Democratic nomination for Vice President of the United States in 1972, and then played a crucial role in getting Congressional approval for the Trans-Alaska pipeline in 1973. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1974, but gradually alienated most of his Alaskan constituencies and his bid for a third term was defeated in a primary election in 1980.
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Mike Huckabee
Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (born August 24, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 44th Governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007. He was a candidate in the 2008 United States Republican presidential primaries, finishing second in delegate count and third in both popular vote and number of states won (behind both John McCain and Mitt Romney). He won the Iowa Republican caucuses. Huckabee exited the race as McCain became the presumptive Republican nominee after winning the delegate-rich winner-take-all states of Florida, California, and New York.
Huckabee is the author of several best selling books, an ordained Southern Baptistminister, musician and a public speaker. He is also an ABC Radio political commentator. He and his wife, Janet, have been married for over 37 years and have three grown children: John Mark, David, and Sarah. Janet Huckabee was an unsuccessful candidate for Arkansas Secretary of State in 2002.
Huckabee currently hosts the Fox News Channel talk show Huckabee. Starting April 2, 2012 he will host The Mike Huckabee Show from noon until 3 pm weekdays for Cumulus Media Networks.
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Mike Mansfield
Michael Joseph Mansfield (March 16, 1903 – October 5, 2001) was an American politician and diplomat. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Representative (1943–1953) and a U.S. Senator (1953–1977) from Montana. He was the longest-serving Senate Majority Leader, serving from 1961 to 1977. During his tenure, he shepherded Great Society programs through the Senate, but strongly opposed the Vietnam War.
After retiring from the Senate, Mansfield served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1977 to 1988, and upon retiring as ambassador, was awarded the nation's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1989), in part for his role in the impeachment of Republican President Richard Nixon Mansfield is the longest serving American ambassador to Japan in history.
After his ambassadorship, Mansfield served for a time as a senior adviser on East Asian affairs to Goldman Sachs, the Wall Street investment banking firm.
Mansfield was born in the Brooklyn section of New York City to Patrick J. Mansfield and Josephine (née O'Brien) Mansfield, who were both Irish Catholic immigrants. His mother died from pneumonia in 1906, and his father subsequently sent Michael and his two sisters to live with an aunt and uncle in Great Falls, Montana. He attended local public schools, and worked in his relatives' grocery store. He turned into a habitual runaway, even living at a state orphanage in Twin Bridges for half a year.
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Millard Fillmore
Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th President of the United States (1850–1853) and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the office of president. As Zachary Taylor's Vice President, he assumed the presidency after Taylor's death.
Fillmore opposed the proposal to keep slavery out of the territories annexed during the Mexican–American War in order to appease the South and so supported the Compromise of 1850, which he signed, including the Fugitive Slave Act ("Bloodhound Law") which was part of the compromise. On the foreign policy front, he furthered the rising trade with Japan and clashed with the French over Napoleon III's attempt to annex Hawaii and with the French and the British over the attempt of Narciso López to invade Cuba. After his presidency, he joined the Know-Nothing movement; throughout the Civil War, he opposed President Abraham Lincoln and during Reconstruction supported President Andrew Johnson. He is consistently included in the bottom 10 of historical rankings of Presidents of the United States.
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Mitch McConnell
Addison Mitchell "Mitch" McConnell, Jr. (born February 20, 1942), a Republican American, is the senior United States Senator from Kentucky and the Minority Leader. He is the longest serving U.S. Senator in Kentucky history.
McConnell was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama to Julia (née Shockley) and Addison Mitchell McConnell.
McConnell was raised in southern Louisville, Kentucky, where he attended the duPont Manual High School, and in 1964 he graduated with honors from the University of Louisville with a B.A. in political science. He was student body president and a member of the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity. McConnell has maintained strong ties to his alma mater, and "remains a rabid fan of its sports teams." He graduated in 1967 from the University of Kentucky College of Law, where he was elected president of the Student Bar Association.
McConnell became a member of the 100th Division (Training), U.S. Army Reserve, in Louisville, Kentucky, during his final semester of law school; and he reported for his six months of active service, primarily for training, in July 1967. After induction at Fort Knox, Kentucky, McConnell was released early from his active-duty military service in August 1967. McConnell received a medical discharge for optic neuritis, which is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
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Mitt Romney
Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts (2003–07).
The son of Lenore and George W. Romney (Governor of Michigan, 1963–69), he was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1966, after one year at Stanford University, he left the United States to spend thirty months in France as a Mormon missionary. In 1969, he married Ann Davies, and the couple had five children together. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Brigham Young University and, in 1975, a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University as a Baker Scholar. He entered the management consulting industry, which in 1977, led to a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Chief Executive Officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million, wealth that has helped fund his political campaigns. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served as Ward Bishop and later Stake President in his area near Boston. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, losing to long-time incumbent Ted Kennedy. In 1999, he was hired as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics; and he helped turn the fiscally troubled games into a success.
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Moises Vela
Moises V. 'Moe' Vela, Jr. is a lawyer, government advisor, and Hispanic leader, named by the National Journal as one of the 100 top Hispanics and 300 top decision makers in the United States..
He is the first Hispanic to serve in two senior executive roles in the White House, first during the Clinton Administration as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Advisor on Latino Affairs in the Office of Vice President Al Gore, and later during the Obama Administration as Director of Administration for Joe Biden, the Vice President of the United States.
He is currently working as a partner in the Public Policy & Regulation Group of Holland & Knight, in Washington, DC, where his focus areas include public policy and government relations.
Vela is a native of Harlingen, Texas, graduating from Harlingen High School in 1980. His father, Moises Vela, was a Cameron County judge, and his uncle, Filemon Vela, was a U.S. District Court Judge.
Vela is a graduate of the University of Texas, Austin, Texas, and St. Mary's University School of Law.
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Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي) (June 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi /ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/ (Arabic: مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī audio (help·info)) or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Gaddafi seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 and served as the country's head of state until 1977, when he stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic figurehead. He styled himself as "Leader of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings". A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010.
Gaddafi replaced the Libyan Constitution of 1951 with laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, which he called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book. After establishing the Jamahiriya (جماهيرية, "state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power and after that time held a largely symbolic role within the country's official governance structure. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa; Libya remained debt-free.
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Neil Kinnock
Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock (born 28 March 1942) is a British politician belonging to the Labour Party. He served as a Member of Parliament from 1970 until 1995 and as Labour Leader and Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition from 1983 until 1992—his leadership of the party during nearly nine years (all in opposition) making him the longest serving opposition leader in British political history.
Following Labour's defeat in the 1992 election, Kinnock resigned as party leader and after his departure from the House of Commons three years later served as a European Commissioner from 1995–2004. Until the summer of 2009 he was the Chairman of the British Council. Kinnock served as President of Cardiff University from 1998 until 2009. Today, he is regarded as one of Labour's elder statesmen.
Kinnock, an only child, was born in Tredegar, Wales. His father Gordon Herbert Kinnock was a coal miner who suffered from dermatitis and had to find work as a labourer; and his mother Mary Kinnock was a district nurse. Gordon died of a heart attack in November 1971 aged 64; Mary died the following month aged 61.
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Nelson Rockefeller
Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American businessman, philanthropist, public servant, and politician. He served as the 41st Vice President of the United States (1974–1977), serving under President Gerald Ford, and the 49th Governor of New York (1959–1973). He also served the Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower administrations in a variety of positions. A member of the Rockefeller family, he was also a noted art collector.
Rockefeller, a Republican, was politically moderate. In his time, moderates in the Republican party were called "Rockefeller Republicans". As Governor of New York from 1959 to 1973 his achievements included the expansion of the State University of New York, efforts to protect the environment, the building of the Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza in Albany, increased facilities and personnel for medical care, and creation of the New York State Council on the Arts. After unsuccessfully seeking the Republican presidential nomination in 1960, 1964, and 1968, he served as Vice President (under the 25th Amendment) from 1974 to 1977 under President Gerald R. Ford. Ford ascended to the presidency following the August 1974 resignation of Richard Nixon, over the Watergate Scandal, and Ford selected Rockefeller as his own replacement. But Rockefeller did not join the 1976 Republican national ticket with President Ford, marking his retirement from politics.
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Newt Gingrich
Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich ( /ˈnjuːt ˈɡɪŋɡrɪtʃ/; born Newton Leroy McPherson; June 17, 1943) is an American politician, author, and political consultant. He represented Georgia's 6th congressional district as a Republican from 1979 until his resignation in 1999, and served as the 58th Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. Gingrich was a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination.
In the 1970s, Gingrich taught history and geography at the University of West Georgia. During this period he ran twice (1974 and 1976) for the United States House of Representatives before winning in November 1978. He served as House Minority Whip from 1989 to 1995.
A co-author and architect of the "Contract with America", Gingrich was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. In 1995, Time named him "Man of the Year" for "his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House". While he was House speaker, the House enacted welfare reform, passed a capital gains tax cut in 1997, and in 1998 passed the first balanced budget since 1969. The poor showing by Republicans in the 1998 Congressional election and pressure from Republican colleagues caused Gingrich's resignation from the speakership on November 5, 1998, and then the House on January 3, 1999.
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Orrin Hatch
Orrin Grant Hatch (born March 22, 1934) is the senior United States Senator for Utah and is a member of the Republican Party. Hatch served as the chairman or ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee (depending on whether the Republicans controlled the Senate) from 1993 to 2005. He previously served as chairman of the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee from 1981 to 1987. He currently serves as ranking member of the Senate Finance Committee. Hatch also serves on the Board of Directors for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
If re-elected, Hatch will be the most senior Republican Senator, and would be elected President pro tempore of the United States Senate if the Republicans take control of the Senate.
Orrin Grant Hatch was born to Jesse Hatch (1904, Vernal, Utah - 1992, Salt Lake City, Utah) and his wife Helen Frances Hatch (née Kamm; 1906, Pekin, Illinois - 1995, Murray, Utah). Both of English descent. His great-grandfather Jeremiah Hatch (1823, Lincoln, Vermont - 1903, Vernal, Utah) was the founder of Vernal, Utah.
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Pat McCarran
Patrick Anthony McCarran (August 8, 1876 – September 28, 1954) was a Democratic United States Senator from Nevada from 1933 until 1954, and was noted for his strong anticommunism.
McCarran was born in Reno, Nevada, the child of Irish immigrants. He attended the University of Nevada, Reno, but had to withdraw to work on the family sheep ranch when his father suffered an injury. He passed the state bar exam in 1905, after studying law independently. In 1903 he became a member of the State legislature and after earning his law degree he became district attorney of Nye County (1907–09).
McCarran was also Nevada Chief Justice (1917–1918), chairman of the Nevada State Board of Parole Commissioners (1913–1918) and chairman of the Nevada State Board of Bar Examiners (1919–1932). A member of the Democratic Party, McCarran ran unsuccessfully for Senate in 1916 and 1926. In 1932, he ran a third time, securing the Democratic nomination and defeating Republican incumbent Tasker Oddie, becoming Nevada's first native-born US Senator. During the 1930s, McCarran became well known as one of the few Congressional Democrats who totally rejected the New Deal.
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Pat Robertson
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a media mogul, television evangelist, ex-Baptist minister and businessman who politically aligns himself with the Christian Right in the United States.
He is the founder of numerous organizations and corporations, including the American Center for Law & Justice (ACLJ), the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), the Christian Coalition, Flying Hospital, International Family Entertainment Inc., Operation Blessing International Relief and Development Corporation, CBN Asia and Regent University. He is the host of The 700 Club, a Christian TV program airing on channels throughout the United States and on CBN network affiliates worldwide.
The son of U.S. Senator A. Willis Robertson, Robertson is a Southern Baptist and was active as an ordained minister with that denomination for many years, but holds to a charismatic theology not traditionally common among Southern Baptists. He unsuccessfully campaigned to become the Republican Party's nominee in the 1988 presidential election. As a result of his seeking political office, he no longer serves in an official role for any church. His media and financial resources make him a recognized, influential, and controversial public voice for conservative Christianity in the United States.
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Patricia Schroeder
Patricia Nell Scott Schroeder (born July 30, 1940) is a former American politician who represented Colorado in the United States House of Representatives from 1973–1997. A member of the Democratic Party, Schroeder was the first woman elected to Congress from Colorado.
Born in Portland, Oregon, she moved to Des Moines, Iowa with her family as a child. After graduating from Theodore Roosevelt High School in 1958 she left Des Moines and attended the University of Minnesota and majored in history. She graduated with a B.A. in 1961 and later earned a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1964. Moving to Denver, Colorado, she worked for the National Labor Relations Board from 1964 to 1966. She later worked for Planned Parenthood and taught in Denver's public schools. Patricia Schroeder is a member of Chi Omega sorority.
In 1972, Schroeder won election for Congress in Colorado's first district, based in Denver, over freshman Republican incumbent James McKevitt. At age 31, Schroeder is the second-youngest woman ever elected to that body. McKevitt, previously the Denver district attorney, had been the first Republican to represent the district, regarded as the most Democratic in the Rockies, since Dean M. Gillespie in 1947. Schroeder won by just over 8,000 votes, but was re-elected eleven more times without a contest nearly as close, and served 24 years as a U.S. Representative.
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Patrick Caddell
Patrick Hayward "Pat" Caddell (born May 19, 1950, Rock Hill, South Carolina) is an American public opinion pollster and a political film consultant.
He has worked for Democratic presidential candidates George McGovern in 1972, Jimmy Carter in 1976 and 1980, Gary Hart in 1984, Joe Biden in 1988, and Jerry Brown in 1992. He also worked for Colorado Senate candidate Andrew Romanoff in 2010.
He has served as a consultant to various movies and television shows, most notably the movies Running Mates, Air Force One, Outbreak, In the Line of Fire, and the serial drama The West Wing. He was also a marketing consultant on Coca-Cola's disastrous New Coke campaign.
In 1988, Caddell left the Democratic Party after an acrimonious lawsuit with a Democratic consulting firm, Caddell, Doak and Shrum. Republicans would often cite Caddell's tirades against the Democratic Party when they spoke on the floor of the House and the Senate.
According to researchers, Caddell had wide influence in the Carter White House, and was the chief advocate of what later became known as Carter's "malaise speech".
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Patrick Leahy
Patrick Joseph Leahy (/ˈleɪhiː/; born March 31, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Vermont and member of the Democratic Party. He is the first and only elected Democratic Senator in Vermont's history. He is the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Leahy is the second most senior U.S. Senator, and second longest-serving Democrat in the U.S. Senate having served since 1975.
Leahy was born in Montpelier, Vermont, the son of Alba (née Zambon) and Howard Francis Leahy, a printer. His grandparents came to Vermont from Ireland and Italy during the 19th century to work at quarries.
Leahy graduated from Saint Michael's College in 1961 and received his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in 1964. He practiced as a lawyer until he was elected as State's Attorney of Chittenden County in 1966 and re-elected in 1970. Leahy was elected to the United States Senate for the first time in 1974 (at 34, he was the youngest U.S. Senator ever to be elected by Vermont). Leahy was the first and remains the only Democrat elected to the Senate from Vermont. He was also the first non-Republican Senator from Vermont since 1856.
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Paul Laxalt
Paul Dominique Laxalt (born August 2, 1922) of Nevada was a former Republican District Attorney, the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Nevada, the 22nd Governor of Nevada and U.S. Senator. In the media, the words "son of a Basque sheepherder" often accompanied his name. He was one of Ronald Reagan's closest friends in politics. In fact, after Reagan was elected President in 1980, the national press began to refer to Laxalt as "The First Friend." He is the older brother of Robert Laxalt, a noted and prolific writer.
Laxalt was born on August 2, 1922 in Reno, Nevada, the son of a Basque shepherd, Dominique, and a Basque mother, Therese, both of whom had immigrated to the United States in the early 1900s from their homeland in the Pryanees, which straddle France and Spain. Dominique became wealthy in the sheep industry, but he lost everything during the Great Depression. At that point, he went back to sheepherding for the rest of his career. Therese, who had been trained at Paris' Cordon Bleu cooking school, eventually opened a restaurant called The French Hotel in the Nevada capital of Carson City.
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Peta Lindsay
Peta Lindsay (born 1984) is an American anti-war activist and presidential nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, even though she is ineligible to become president due to her age, under Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution . The PSL ticket also includes candidate for Vice President Yari Osorio.
Lindsay was born in Virginia and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She became an activist as a middle school student with the Philadelphia Student Union, a non-profit organization of students demanding a high quality education. She was a high school senior in Washington D.C. during the September 11 attacks. Soon thereafter she became active with the ANSWER coalition (Act Now to Stop War and End Racism). On September 24, 2001, Lindsay spoke at ANSWER's first press conference as a high school student. In 2002, she traveled to Cuba with Pastors for Peace. She attended Howard University and continued as a leader with the ANSWER coalition, including as a lead organizer of the January 2003 protest against the upcoming Iraq War. She was recognized by The Washington Post in March 2003 for her anti-war activism in a piece entitled "Student Leader Sees Through Bush Propaganda". In October 2003, Lindsay said of the Iraq War, "The US government has no right to try and recolonize Iraq".
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Presley Spruance
Presley Spruance (September 11, 1785 - February 13, 1863) was an American merchant and politician from Smyrna, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist and later the Whig Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as U.S. Senator from Delaware.
Spruance was born in Kent County, Delaware.
He was engaged in manufacturing and mercantile pursuits in Smyrna, Delaware, where he was a member of the State House for the 1823 and 1839/40 sessions. In between these he was elected to the State Senate for the sessions from 1826 through 1831, again in 1835/36 and 1837/38, and returned for the 1841/42 and 1843/44 sessions and finally in 1847, several times serving as Speaker. He was elected as a Whig to the United States Senate and served one term from March 4, 1847 to March 3, 1853. Following his term he returned to his business pursuits.
Spruance died in Smyrna and is buried there in the Presbyterian Cemetery.
Elections were held the first Tuesday of October. U.S. Representatives were popularly elected March 4 for a two year term. The General Assembly chose the U.S. Senators, who also took office March 4, but for a six year term.
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Rahm Emanuel
Rahm Israel Emanuel (pronounced /ˈrɑːm/; born November 29, 1959) is an American politician and the 55th and current Mayor of Chicago. He was formerly White House Chief of Staff to President Barack Obama. He served as senior advisor to President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1998 and as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Illinois's 5th congressional district, from 2003 until his resignation in 2009 to take his position in the Obama Administration.
Emanuel was chair of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee during the 2006 mid-term elections and remained a top strategist for House Democrats during the 2008 cycle. After Democrats regained control of the House in 2006, Emanuel was elected chairman of the Democratic Caucus. This made him the fourth-ranking House Democrat, behind Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and Majority Whip Jim Clyburn.
Two days after Obama's election victory, Emanuel was announced as Obama's designee for White House Chief of Staff. He resigned from the House on January 2, 2009, and began his duties as Chief of Staff on January 20, 2009, the day of Obama's inauguration.
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Ralph Nader
Ralph Nader ( /ˈneɪdər/; born February 27, 1934) is an American political activist, as well as an author, lecturer, and attorney. Areas of particular concern to Nader include consumer protection, humanitarianism, environmentalism, and democratic government.
Nader came to prominence in 1965 with the publication of his book Unsafe at Any Speed, a critique of the safety record of American automobile manufacturers in general, and most famously the Chevrolet Corvair. In 1999, an NYU panel of journalists ranked Unsafe at Any Speed 38th among the top 100 pieces of journalism of the 20th century.
Nader is a six-time candidate for President of the United States, having run as a write-in candidate in the 1992 New Hampshire Democratic primary, as the Green Party nominee in 1996 and 2000, and as an independent candidate in 2004 and 2008. Some people claim that Nader acted as a spoiler in the 2000 U.S. presidential election, while others, including Nader, dispute this claim.
Nader was born in Winsted, Connecticut. His parents, Nathra and Rose (née Bouziane) Nader, were immigrants from Lebanon and members of the Maronite Church. His family's native language is Arabic, and he has spoken it along with English since childhood. His sister, Laura Nader, is an anthropologist. His father worked in a textile mill and later owned a bakery and restaurant where he talked politics with his customers.
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Randall Terry
Randall Almira Terry (born 1959) is an American pro-life activist and candidate for the Democratic Party's nomination for President in 2012. Terry founded the pro-life organization Operation Rescue. The group became particularly prominent beginning in 1987 for blockading the entrances to abortion clinics; Terry led the group until 1991. He has been arrested more than 40 times, most recently for protesting President Barack Obama's commencement visit to the University of Notre Dame in violation of a no-trespass order from the school. Terry has long been known for provocative and controversial statements, including that abortion is murder and should be made a capital crime.
In 2003, Randall Terry founded the Society for Truth and Justice and conducted a program called Operation Witness. In 1998, he ran for Congress in upstate New York, and in 2006 for a seat in the Florida State Senate, both times losing in the Republican primary.
In 1986, Randall Terry was arrested for the first time for chaining himself to a sink at an abortion clinic. Terry was often in the news because of his activities as the leader of Operation Rescue.
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Randy Blythe
David Randall "Randy" Blythe (born February 21, 1971) is the vocalist of American heavy metal band Lamb of God and side-project bands Halo of Locusts and Cannabis Corpse.[citation needed] He is known as D. Randall Blythe on Lamb of God's albums. As a teenager, he looked up to the Sex Pistols, Misfits, Bad Brains, Anthrax, Motorhead, Slayer, and Pantera.
In 2005, he worked with the metalcore outfit A Life Once Lost on their album Hunter. He provided additional vocals on the track "Vulture" as well as helped in the vocal processing of the track. He later worked with them again in 2007 on "Iron Gag." He also appeared on the song "Skull and Bones"" by the band Overkill and "Adoration for None" on Gojira's album The Way of All Flesh. He was also featured on Shadows Fall song, King of Nothing, on their latest release, Retribution.
Blythe also has a side project band known as Halo of Locusts. They contributed to For the Sick, the tribute album for Eyehategod, covering "Dixie Whiskey".
He has a small tattoo on his hip that resembles a penis and two testicles. According to Blythe in Killadelphia, it was the result of him trying to tattoo the Misfits' logo on himself while drunk and passing out before he could finish it.[citation needed] He also has a tattoo on his left forearm reading COBHC, which stands for "Children Of Bodom Hate Crew" which is the name used by the band Children of Bodom for themselves, their crew, and their fans.
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Ray LaHood
Raymond H. "Ray" LaHood (born December 6, 1945) is a Republican politician from Illinois who is currently the United States Secretary of Transportation, having served since 2009. Previously, he represented the Illinois's 18th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives for seven terms (1995–2009).
LaHood was born in Peoria, Illinois, to Edward M. LaHood, a Lebanese American who managed a restaurant, and Mary A. LaHood (née Vogel), who was of German ancestry. He graduated from Spalding Institute, worked his way through Canton Junior College and Bradley University in Peoria, earning a Bachelors of Science in education and sociology in 1971.
Following graduation, he taught junior high school social studies at public and Catholic schools, and has said that "teaching kids ... about the constitution and government" stirred his interest in politics.
LaHood was director of the Rock Island County Youth Services Bureau and then district administrative assistant for U.S. congressman Tom Railsback, a Moline, Illinois Republican, from 1977 to 1982. He was appointed in 1982 to fill a vacant seat in the Illinois House of Representatives, serving for nine months, and running for the seat in November 1982, but losing to Democrat Bob DeJaegher. LaHood then became administrative assistant and ultimately the chief of staff to U.S. House minority leader Robert Michel, serving from 1982 until 1994.
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Ray McKinney
Raymond Louis "Ray" McKinney (born June 20, 1962) is a mechanical services manager from Savannah, Georgia, and was the Republican nominee for U.S. Congress from Georgia's 12th District in 2010. He was a candidate for U.S. President in the 2008 Republican primary, but withdrew on November 14, 2007.
McKinney was born June 20, 1962 in Brackenridge, Pennsylvania. After graduating from Effingham County Public High School, where he was voted "most likely to become a nuclear scientist", McKinney had two years of Gulfstream Aerospace machinist training, two years Tool and Die, CFS machinist training, and (through 1990) two years at Savannah for Electro-Mechanical Engineering. He has been in the industry for the last 23 years. McKinney is currently a nuclear services manager for Continental Field Systems in Savannah. He and his wife Lisa live in Lyons on the McKinney family farm.
When asked about his educational and work experience, McKinney had this to say about his choice of career:
I think I prefer the term "machinist" above all but my wife thinks I put myself down by saying that. It is the proudest part of my skill set though. Her point is that people respect higher education and by telling people that I am a machinist that they have a lower opinion of who I am. Actually, I am quite proud of it.
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Richard Bassett
Richard Bassett (April 17, 1745 – August 15, 1815) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a veteran of the American Revolution, a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and a member of the Federalist Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware. He holds the Senate Rank of 1, as the most senior United States Senator during the First Congress of the United States.
Bassett was born at Bohemia Ferry in Devils County, Maryland, son of Michael and Judith Thompson Bassett. His father was a part-time tavern-owner and farmer, but deserted the family when Bassett was young. Richard married Ann Ennals in 1774 and they had three children, Richard Ennals, Ann (known as Nancy), and Mary. After his first wife's death he married Betsy Garnett in 1796. They were active members of the Methodist Church, and gave the church much of their time and attention.
Fortunately, Bassett’s mother was the great granddaughter and an heiress of Augustine Herrman, the original owner of Bohemia Manor, a massive estate in Cecil County, and her family raised Bassett. Eventually this heritage provided him with inherited wealth and a plantation, Bohemia Manor, in Cecil County, Maryland, and much other property in New Castle County, Delaware.
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Richard Lugar
Richard Green "Dick" Lugar (born April 4, 1932) is the senior United States Senator from Indiana and a member of the Republican Party. First elected to the Senate in 1976, he is the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and was its chairman from 1985 to 1987 and 2003 to 2007. Much of Lugar's work in the Senate is toward the dismantling of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons around the world. Before his election to the United States Senate, Lugar served as mayor of Indianapolis, Indiana.
Lugar is currently the third most senior senator, behind only Daniel Inouye and Patrick Leahy. He is also the longest-serving Senator in Indiana's history, and is the most senior Republican member of the Senate. In 2012, however, he lost the Republican primary for a seventh term and his service in the Senate will end in January 2013.
Lugar was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Bertha (née Green) and Marvin Lugar. He attended the public schools of Indianapolis. During this time he attained the Boy Scouts' highest rank: Eagle Scout. Later, he became a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. He graduated first in his class at Shortridge High School in 1950 and from Denison University in 1954 where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi. He went on to attend Pembroke College, Oxford, England, as a Rhodes Scholar, and received a second Bachelors and an MA degree in 1956. He served in the United States Navy from 1956 to 1960; one of his assignments was as an intelligence briefer for Admiral Arleigh Burke. He achieved the rank of Lieutenant, Junior Grade.
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. The only president to resign the office, Nixon had previously served as a US representative and senator from California and as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing his undergraduate work at Whittier College, he graduated from Duke University School of Law in 1937, and returned to California to practice law. He and his wife, Pat Nixon, moved to Washington to work for the federal government in 1942. He subsequently served in the United States Navy during World War II. Nixon was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946 and to the Senate in 1950. His pursuit of the Hiss Case established his reputation as a leading anti-communist, and elevated him to national prominence. He was the running mate of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Republican Party presidential nominee in the 1952 election. Nixon served for eight years as vice president. He waged an unsuccessful presidential campaign in 1960, narrowly losing to John F. Kennedy, and lost a race for Governor of California in 1962. In 1968, he ran again for the presidency and was elected.
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Richard Wolffe
Richard L. Wolffe (born 17 September 1968) is a journalist, MSNBC commentator, and author of the Barack Obama books Renegade: The Making of a President (Crown, June 2009) and Revival: The Struggle for Survival Inside the Obama White House (Crown, November 2010).
Born to an English father and a Moroccan mother in Birmingham, England, Wolffe is a 1992 graduate of Oxford University, first-class honours, in English and French literature, having attended the fee-paying independent school, King Edward VI School in Birmingham.
Took the Westminster Press diploma in journalism, starting with the pre-entry course at Hastings in autumn 1992 while a trainee reporter with the Brighton Argus. Moved to the Financial Times and thereafter Newsweek.
Wolffe covered the entire length of Barack Obama’s presidential campaign for Newsweek magazine, traveling with the candidate and his inner circle from his announcement through election day, 21 months later.
He is a political analyst on MSNBC, having appeared frequently on Countdown with Keith Olbermann and Hardball with Chris Matthews. On NBC, he was featured as a political commentator on Meet The Press and TODAY. He features prominently in the forthcoming HBO documentary on the Obama campaign, and played a leading role in the HBO documentary of the 2000 Bush campaign, Journeys With George. He has also appeared on CNN and Fox News, as well as international media including British, Canadian and Australian television.
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Rick Perry
James Richard "Rick" Perry (born March 4, 1950) is the 47th and current Governor of Texas. Perry, a Republican, was elected Lieutenant Governor of Texas in 1998 and assumed the governorship in December 2000 when then-governor George W. Bush resigned to become President of the United States. Perry was elected to full gubernatorial terms in 2002, 2006 and 2010. With a tenure in office to date of &1000000000000001100000011 years, &10000000000000188000000188 days, Perry is the longest continuously serving current U.S. governor, and the second longest serving current U.S. governor—after Terry Branstad of Iowa. Perry served as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association in 2008 (succeeding Sonny Perdue of Georgia) and again in 2011. Perry is the longest serving governor in Texas state history. As a result, he is the only governor in modern Texas history to have appointed at least one person to every eligible state office, board, or commission position (as well as to several elected offices to which the governor can appoint someone to fill an unexpired term, such as six of the nine current members of the Texas Supreme Court).
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Rick Santorum
Richard John "Rick" Santorum (born May 10, 1958) is an American author, attorney, and Republican Party politician. He served as a United States Senator representing Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2007, and was a candidate for the 2012 Republican Party presidential nomination.
Born in Virginia, Santorum was raised primarily in Butler, Pennsylvania. He obtained an undergraduate degree from Pennsylvania State University, an M.B.A. from the University of Pittsburgh, and a J.D. from the Dickinson School of Law. Santorum worked as an attorney at K&L Gates where he met Karen Garver. They married in 1990, and have seven children; an eighth child died shortly after birth. Santorum was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives on behalf of Pennsylvania's 18th congressional district in 1990, becoming a member of a group dubbed the "Gang of Seven".
Santorum was elected as a United States Senator for Pennsylvania in 1994. He served two terms until losing his re-election bid in 2006. Santorum holds socially conservative positions, and is particularly known for his opposition to same-sex marriage and birth control. While serving as a senator, Santorum was the author of the National Weather Service Duties Act of 2005 and the Santorum Amendment. In 2005, Santorum introduced the Workplace Religious Freedom Act along with Senator John Kerry.
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Robby Wells
Robert "Robby" Wells (born April 10, 1968) is an American former college football coach. He was the head football coach at Savannah State University in Savannah, Georgia from 2007 to 2009.
He sought the Constitution Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election.
Wells was a four-year starter at Furman University, playing fullback and wide receiver. He was a member of the 1988 NCAA Division I-AA national championship team.
Wells has been coaching football since 1990. He began his career as an assistant coach at Greer (S.C.) High School (1990–1995). He served as head coach at C.E. Murray High School Greeleyville, SC (1995–1997).
He moved to the University of South Carolina as a graduate assistant for the University of South Carolina and coach Lou Holtz in 1998, coaching the defensive backs (1998–1999) and middle linebackers (2000) before moving to become the defensive coordinator at South Carolina State University in 2002. As the Bulldog's defensive coordinator (2002–2005) Wells' defense attained numerous national rankings and a Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference championship (2004).
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Robert Bork
Robert Heron Bork (born March 1, 1927) is an American legal scholar who has advocated the judicial philosophy of originalism. Bork formerly served as a Yale Law School professor, Solicitor General, Acting Attorney General, and judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. In 1987, he was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Ronald Reagan, but the Senate rejected his nomination. Bork had more success as an antitrust scholar, where his once-idiosyncratic view that antitrust law should focus on maximizing consumer welfare has come to dominate American legal thinking on the subject. Currently, Bork is a lawyer, law professor, and bestselling author.
Bork was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father was Harry Philip Bork (1897–1974), a steel company purchasing agent, and his mother was Elisabeth (née Kunkle; 1898–2004), a schoolteacher. He was married to Claire Davidson from 1952 until 1980, when she died of cancer. They had a daughter, Ellen, and two sons, Robert and Charles. In 1982 he married Mary Ellen Pohl, a Roman Catholic religious sister turned activist.
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Robert David Steele
Robert David Steele Vivas (born 16 July 1952) is an American activist and a former Central Intelligence Agency clandestine services case officer known for his promotion of open source intelligence (OSINT). He is the founder and CEO of OSS.Net as well as the Golden Candle Society. He was a Marine Corps infantry and intelligence officer for twenty years and was the second-ranking civilian (GS-14) in Marine Corps Intelligence Activity from 1988–92, and was also an adjunct instructor at Marine Corps University in the mid-1990s.
Steele was a candidate for the Reform Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 presidential election until 23 February 2012.
Robert David Steele was born in New York City on 16 July 1952. His father was a petroleum industry executive. He spent his first twenty years in Latin America and Asia. He holds a B.A. in political science, an M.A. in international relations; and an M.P.A. in public administration.
Steele is commonly associated[citation needed] with the open source intelligence movement and coined the terms "virtual intelligence" and "information peacekeeping". He argues that U.S. intelligence reform is needed, and that the private sector can perform a high percentage of U.S. open source intelligence needs and reduce cost to the U.S. government. He advocates "collective intelligence" or "the wisdom of the crowd" (what Howard Rheingold calls "smart mobs") and for hackers as a national resource.
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Robert Gates
Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is the 24th Chancellor of the College of William and Mary and a retired civil servant and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011. Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and under President George H. W. Bush as Director of Central Intelligence. Gates was also an officer in the United States Air Force and during the early part of his military career, he was recruited by the CIA. After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards. Gates also served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, that has studied the Iraq War. He was also the first pick to serve as the first Director of National Intelligence (DNI), but he declined the appointment in order to remain President of Texas A&M University.
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Robert Gibbs
Robert Lane Gibbs (born March 29, 1971) was the 28th White House Press Secretary. Gibbs was the communications director for then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama and Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. Gibbs, who has worked with Obama since 2004, was press secretary of John Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign and has previously specialized in Senate campaigns, having served as communications director for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee and for four individual Senate campaigns, including those of Obama in 2004 and Fritz Hollings in 1998. Gibbs was also the press secretary of Representative Bob Etheridge. On November 22, 2008, Gibbs was announced as the press secretary of the Obama administration. He assumed the role of press secretary on January 20, 2009, and gave his first official briefing on January 22.
On January 5, 2011, Gibbs announced that he would leave the White House to become an outside advisor to the administration. He left on February 11, 2011.
Gibbs was born in Auburn, Alabama. His parents, Nancy Jean (née Lane) and Robert Coleman Gibbs, worked in the Auburn University library system and involved their son in politics at an early age. Nancy Gibbs would take Robert, then known as "Bobby," to local League of Women Voters meetings rather than hire a babysitter, and involved him in "voter re-identification" work at the county courthouse. Gibbs attended Auburn City Schools and Auburn High School. At Auburn High, Gibbs played saxophone in the Auburn High School Band, was a goalkeeper on the Tigers' soccer team, and participated in the school's debate squad. Gibbs graduated from Auburn High in 1989, in the same class as novelist Ace Atkins, LEGO artist Eric Harshbarger, and the Chief Hospitalist at Valley Medical Center, Dr. Michael Mena.
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Rocky Anderson
Ross Carl "Rocky" Anderson (born September 9, 1951) served two terms as the 33rd mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah, between 2000 and 2008. He is the Executive Director of High Road for Human Rights. Prior to serving as Mayor, he practiced law for 21 years in Salt Lake City, during which time he was listed in Best Lawyers in America, was rated A-V (highest rating) by Martindale-Hubbell, served as Chair of the Utah State Bar Litigation Section and was Editor-in-Chief of, and a contributor to, Voir Dire legal journal.
As mayor, Anderson rose to nationwide prominence as a champion of several national and international causes, including climate protection, immigration reform, restorative criminal justice, LGBT rights, and an end to the "war on drugs". Before and after the invasion by the U.S. of Iraq in 2003, Anderson was a leading opponent of the invasion and occupation of Iraq and related human rights abuses. Anderson was the only mayor of a major U.S. city who advocated for the impeachment of President George W. Bush, which he did in many venues throughout the United States.
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Ron Ehrenreich
Ron Ehrenreich (born 1950) is an American credit union officer and teacher. He was the Vice-Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party USA in the United States presidential election, 1988, as the running mate of Willa Kenoyer. The ticket received 3,882 votes, 2,587 of the votes came from New Jersey. He has been the treasurer of the Syracuse Cooperative Federal Credit Union since its opening in 1982. He later ran as a Green Party candidate for Onondaga County, New York Comptroller in 1999. Ron is married to Sondra Roth, and has two children, Hanah and Sam.
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Ron Kirk
Ronald "Ron" Kirk (born June 27, 1954) is the 16th United States Trade Representative, serving in the Obama administration. He served as mayor of Dallas, Texas from 1995 to 2002; he also ran for the United States Senate in 2002.
Born in Austin, Texas, Kirk is the youngest of four children; his father was a U.S. postal worker and the family was politically active. He grew up in a predominantly black community, and attended Austin's public schools. He was a leader in high school, and was elected student council president in his senior year at John H. Reagan High School (Austin, Texas).
Kirk attended Austin College, graduating with a degree in both political science and sociology in 1976. He then went to the University of Texas School of Law. Upon receiving his Juris Doctor in 1979, he practiced law until 1981 when he left to work in the office of then-Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen. In 1983, Kirk returned to Texas to lobby the state legislature in Austin, first as an attorney with the city of Dallas, and later with a law firm.
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Ron Klain
Ronald A. "Ron" Klain is an American lawyer and political operative best known for serving as Chief of Staff to two Vice Presidents - Al Gore (1995–1999) and Joseph Biden (2009–2011). He is an influential Democratic Party insider. Earlier in his career, he was a law clerk for Supreme Court Justice Byron White during the Court's 1987 and 1988 Terms and worked on Capitol Hill, where he was Chief Counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee during the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination. He was portrayed by Kevin Spacey in the HBO film Recount depicting the tumult of the 2000 presidential election.
Klain was born on August 8, 1961 in Indianapolis and grew up in a Jewish home. He graduated from North Central High School in 1979 and was on the school's Brain Game team, which finished as season runner-up. He graduated summa cum laude from Georgetown University in 1983. In 1987, he graduated magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, where he won the Sears Prize for the highest grade point average in 1984-85 and was an editor of the Harvard Law Review.
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Ron Paul
Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul (born August 20, 1935) is an American politician who has been the U.S. Representative for Texas's 14th congressional district, which includes Galveston, since 1997, and a three-time candidate for President of the United States, as a Libertarian in 1988 and as a Republican in 2008 and currently 2012. He is an outspoken critic of American foreign and monetary policies, including the Military–industrial complex and the Federal Reserve, and is known for his libertarian-leaning views, often differing from his own party on certain issues.
A native of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Paul is a graduate of Gettysburg College and Duke University School of Medicine, where he earned his medical degree. He served as a medical officer in the United States Air Force from 1963 until 1968. He worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist from the 1960s to the 1980s, delivering more than 4,000 babies. He became the first Representative in history to serve concurrently with a child in the Senate when his son Rand Paul was elected to the United States Senate for Kentucky in 2010.
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Rosa Clemente
Rosa Alicia Clemente (born April 18, 1972) is a United States community organizer, independent journalist and hip-hop activist. She was the vice presidential running mate of 2008 Green Party Presidential candidate Cynthia McKinney in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election.
Clemente was born and raised in South Bronx, New York. She is a graduate of the University of Albany and Cornell University. Clemente has been delivering workshops, presentations and commentary for over ten years.
Clemente's academic work has focused on research of national liberation struggles within the United States, with a specific focus on the Young Lords Party and the Black Liberation Army. While a student at SUNY Albany, she was President of the Albany State University Black Alliance (ASUBA) and Director of Multicultural Affairs for the Student Association. At Cornell she was a founding member of La Voz Boriken, a social/political organization dedicated to supporting Puerto Rican political prisoners and the independence of Puerto Rico.
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Roseanne Barr
Roseanne Cherrie Barr (born November 3, 1952) is an American actress, comedian, writer, television producer, director and candidate for President of the United States with the Green Party of the United States. Barr began her career in stand-up comedy at clubs before gaining fame for her role in the sitcom Roseanne. The show was a hit and lasted nine seasons, from 1988 to 1997. She won both an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work on the show. Barr had crafted a "fierce working-class domestic goddess" persona in the eight years preceding her sitcom and wanted to do a realistic show about a strong mother who was not a victim of patriarchal consumerism.
The granddaughter of immigrants from Europe and Russia, Barr was the oldest of four children in a working-class Jewish Salt Lake City family; she was also active in the LDS Church. In 1974 she married Bill Pentland, with whom she had three children, before divorcing in 1990 and marrying comedian Tom Arnold for four years. Controversy arose when she sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" off-key at a 1990 nationally aired baseball game, followed by spitting and grabbing her crotch.
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Roy Moore
Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American jurist and Republican politician noted for his refusal, as the elected Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, to remove a monument of the Ten Commandments from the Alabama Judicial Building despite orders to do so from a federal judge. On November 13, 2003, the Alabama Court of the Judiciary unanimously removed Moore from his post as Chief Justice. In the years preceding his election to the state Supreme Court, Moore had successfully resisted previous attempts to have a display of the Ten Commandments removed from the courtroom. The controversy around Moore generated national attention.
Moore's supporters regard his stand as a defense of "judicial rights" and the Constitution of Alabama. Moore contends that federal judges who ruled against his actions consider "obedience of a court order superior to all other concerns, even the suppression of belief in the sovereignty of God."
Moore sought the Republican nomination for the governorship of Alabama in 2006, but lost to incumbent Bob Riley in the June primary by a nearly 2-to-1 margin. On June 1, 2009 he announced his campaign for the 2010 election for governor. Moore placed fourth in the race held on June 1, 2010, having received only 19 percent of the vote.
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Rudy Giuliani
Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani ( /ˈruːdi ˌdʒuːliˈɑːni/; born May 28, 1944) is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from New York. He served as Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001.
A Democrat and Independent in the 1970s, and a Republican since the 1980s, Giuliani served in the United States Attorney's Office, for the Southern District of New York, eventually becoming U.S. Attorney. He prosecuted a number of high-profile cases, including ones against organized crime and Wall Street financiers.
Giuliani served two terms as Mayor of New York City, having run on the Republican and Liberal lines. He was credited with initiating improvements and with a reduction in crime pressing the city's quality of life initiatives. He ran for the United States Senate in 2000 but withdrew due to being diagnosed with prostate cancer and revelations about his personal life. Giuliani gained international attention for his leadership during and after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. For those actions, he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2002.
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Russell Means
Russell Charles Means (born November 10, 1939) is an Oglala Sioux activist for the rights of Native American people. He became a prominent member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) after joining the organization in 1968, and helped organize notable events that attracted national and international media coverage. The organization split in 1993, in part over the 1975 murder of Anna Mae Aquash, the leading woman activist in AIM.
Means has been active in international issues of indigenous peoples, including working with groups in Central and South America, and with the United Nations for recognition of their rights. He has been active in politics at his native Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and at the state and national level.
Since 1992, he has acted in numerous films and released his own music CD. He published his autobiography Where White Men Fear to Tread in 1997.
Means was born in Wanblee, South Dakota, a community located in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, to Theodora Feather and Harold "Hank" Means. He was baptized Oyate Wacinyapin, which means "works for the people" in the Lakota language. His Oglala Sioux parents met as students at an Indian boarding school.
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Ruth Ann Minner
Ruth Ann Minner (born January 17, 1935) is an American politician and businesswoman from Milford, in Kent County, Delaware. She is a member of the Democratic Party who served in the Delaware General Assembly, as the 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Delaware and two terms as the first female Governor of Delaware.
Minner was born Ruth Ann Coverdale, at Slaughter Neck in Cedar Creek Hundred, Sussex County, Delaware, near Milford. While growing up, she left high school at age 16 to help support her family. Subsequently she married Frank Ingram with whom she had three children: Frank Jr., Wayne and Gary. When she was 32 her husband died suddenly of a heart attack, leaving her a single mother with three children. She earned her GED in 1968 and later attended Delaware Technical and Community College, while working two jobs to support the family. In 1969 she married Roger Minner and together they operated a family towing business, the Roger Minner Wrecker Service. Roger Minner died of cancer in 1991.
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Ryan Crocker
Ryan Clark Crocker (born June 19, 1949) is a Career Ambassador within the United States Foreign Service and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He currently is the United States Ambassador to Afghanistan. He was the United States Ambassador to Iraq until 2009; he previously served as the U.S. ambassador to Pakistan from 2004 to 2007, to Syria from 1998 to 2001, to Kuwait from 1994 to 1997, and to Lebanon from 1990 to 1993. In January 2010 he became Dean of Texas A&M University's George Bush School of Government and Public Service. He was nominated by President Barack Obama in April 2011 to serve as the next U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan and was confirmed to the post by the United States Senate by unanimous consent on June 30, 2011. In May 2012 he announced he will step down in mid-summer due to unspecified health reasons.
Former Secretary of State Colin Powell called Crocker "one of our very best foreign service officers"; President George W. Bush called him America's Lawrence of Arabia and noted that General David Petraeus had said that "it was a great honor for me to be his military wingman."
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Ryan Lizza
Ryan Lizza is the Washington Correspondent for The New Yorker magazine, where he covers the White House and national politics and writes the magazine's "Letter From Washington" column. Since joining The New Yorker in 2007, he has written profiles of Hillary Clinton,Mitt Romney,John McCain,Barack Obama, Colorado Governor Bill Ritter,Joe Biden,Rahm Emanuel,Peter Orszag,Darrell Issa and Michele Bachmann.
Lizza attended the Berkshire School in Sheffield, Massachusetts and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley.
A resident of Washington, D.C., Lizza is married to Christina Irene Gillespie, a family physician and assistant clinical professor of medicine at both Georgetown University and George Washington University.
Lizza started his career at the Emmy Award-winning PBS Frontline in Boston. In 1997, Lizza worked on documentary "Hot Guns.". After working as correspondent fo GQ, where he wrote profiles of Rahm Emanuel, Sen. James Webb, and a cover story about Barack Obama, who was the first politician on the cover of GQ in 15 years. he joined The New Republic, where he became senior editor. From 1998 to 2007, Lizza covered Bill Clinton's impeachment, the Florida recount, the Bush White House, the 2004 presidential election, and many other national political stories. From 2004 to 2006 Lizza was a contributing editor for New York magazine, where he wrote about national politics, including a profile of Sen. Chuck Schumer, a piece exploring New York's place as the "abortion capital of America," a profile of New York's top conservative organizer, and a piece about president Bush's relationship with New York City. From 2002 to 2007, Lizza also regularly contributed to The New York Times.
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Róger Calero
Róger Calero (born 1969 in Nicaragua) is a Nicaraguan American journalist and one of the leaders of the Socialist Workers Party. He was SWP candidate for President of the United States in 2004 and 2008, and for the United States Senate in New York in 2006.
Calero was born in Nicaragua in 1969. He and his family fled via Los Angeles, California in 1985. Calero has been a lawful permanent resident of the United States (holding a green card) since 1990. While in Los Angeles, Calero joined a socialist movement and helped mobilize support against Proposition 187 in the early 90s.
Calero, a former meat packer, has been associate editor of Perspectiva Mundial (official Spanish language newspaper of the SWP) and a staff writer for The Militant (official English language newspaper of the SWP).
He now lives in Newark, New Jersey.
Calero was convicted of felony sale of marijuana in 1988. In December 2002, immigration police arrested Calero upon his return to the United States at the George Bush Intercontinental Airport from reporting assignments at a conference held in Havana, Cuba, protesting the Free Trade Area of the Americas. He was threatened with deportation in 2002 as a result of his previous conviction in 1988.
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Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي Ṣaddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organisation Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region, which espoused ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, Saddam played a key role in the 1968 coup, later referred to as the 17 July Revolution, that brought the party to long-term power of Iraq.
As vice president under the ailing General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, and at a time when many groups were considered capable of overthrowing the government, Saddam created security forces through which he tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces. In the early 1970s, Saddam nationalized oil and other industries. The state-owned banks were put under his control, leaving the system eventually insolvent mostly due to the Iran–Iraq War, the Gulf War, and UN sanctions. Through the 1970s, Saddam cemented his authority over the apparatuses of government as oil money helped Iraq's economy to grow at a rapid pace. Positions of power in the country were filled with Sunnis, a minority that made up only a fifth of the population.
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Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Kansas since January 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 1995 to 1996 and then as a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1996 to 2011. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election, withdrawing before the primaries.
Sam Brownback was born in Garnett, Kansas, the son of Nancy and Glenn Robert Brownback. He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas; his distant ancestors, of German descent, settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War. Brownback was state president of the Kansas FFA Association, and was one of the national vice presidents of the National FFA Organization from 1976 to 1977. While at Kansas State University, he was elected student body president and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho. He received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.
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Sam Sloan
Samuel Howard Sloan (born September 7, 1944), also known as Haji Mohammed Ismail Sloan, is an American chess player and publisher. In 2006, Sloan served on the Executive Board of the United States Chess Federation. In 1970, Sloan established a registered broker-dealer that traded over-the-counter stocks and bonds. Sloan had no formal legal training but orally argued a case before the Supreme Court after litigating against the Securities and Exchange Commission over policies regarding the trading of penny stocks. The Court ruled in his favor, 9–0, concerning his claim that the "tacking" of 10-day summary suspension orders for an indefinite period was an abuse of the agency's authority and a deprivation of due process. In 2010, Sloan made an unsuccessful bid for the Libertarian Party (LP) nomination in the 2010 New York gubernatorial election. He also made an unsuccessful bid for the Libertarian nomination for President of the United States in the 2012 election.
Sloan was born in Richmond, Virginia in 1944 to attorney Leroy Bayfield Sloan and doctor Marjorie Jacobson Sloan. His family later moved to Lynchburg, and attended E.C. Glass High School. Sloan studied chess from an early age, and dropped out of the University of California, Berkeley, majoring in mathematics, but not earning a degree.
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Sarah Palin
Sarah Louise Palini/ˈpeɪlɨn/ (née Heath; born February 11, 1964) is an American politician, commentator and author. As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 presidential election, she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major party and first Republican woman nominated for the vice presidency. Her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies. Since January 2010, she has provided political commentary for Fox News, and hosted a television show, Sarah Palin's Alaska. Five million viewers tuned in for the first episode, a record for The Learning Channel.
She was elected to Wasilla City Council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996. In 2003, after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor, she was appointed Chairman of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, responsible for overseeing the state's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency. The youngest person and first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska, Palin held the office from December 2006 until her resignation in July 2009. She has since endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement, as well as several candidates in the 2010 midterm elections. From the time of her Vice Presidential nomination in 2008, Palin was considered a potential candidate for the 2012 presidential election until she announced in October 2011 that she would not run.
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Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax, Jr. ( /ˈskaɪlər ˈkoʊlfæks/; March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was a United States Representative from Indiana (1855–1869), Speaker of the House of Representatives (1863–1869), and the 17th Vice President of the United States (1869–1873). To date, he is one of only two Americans (John Nance Garner in the 20th century being the other) to have served as both House speaker and vice president.
President Ulysses S. Grant and Colfax, 46 and 45 respectively at the time of their inauguration, were the youngest Presidential team until the inauguration of Bill Clinton and Al Gore in 1993.
Colfax was born in New York City to Schuyler Colfax, Sr. and Hannah Stryker. His grandfather, William Colfax, had served in George Washington's Life Guard during the American Revolution, became a general in the New Jersey militia and married Hester Schuyler, a cousin of general Philip Schuyler.
In 1836, Colfax moved with his mother and stepfather to New Carlisle, Indiana. As a young man, Colfax contributed articles on Indiana politics to the New York Tribune and formed a friendship with the editor, Horace Greeley. He established a reputation as rising young Whig and at 19 became the editor of the pro-Whig South Bend Free Press. In 1845, Colfax purchased the newspaper and changed its name to the St. Joseph Valley Register.
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Serbs
The Serbs (Serbian: Срби, Srbi, pronounced [sr̩̂bi]) are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs live mainly in Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form significant minorities in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in Romania, Hungary, Albania, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. There is also a large Serbian diaspora in Western Europe, particularly in Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Austria, France, Italy and the United Kingdom. More than a million people of Serbian origin live in German-speaking countries, including Luxembourg (1%), Austria (1.8%), Switzerland (1%), and Germany (~1%). Outside Europe, there are significant Serbian communities in the United States (198,000 Serbian plus additional 326,000 "Yugoslav" nationals),Canada (72,690 in 2006) and Australia (95,000 in 2006).
The Serbs are a Slavic people, specifically of the South Slavic subgroup, which has its origins in the 6th and 7th century communities developed in Southeastern Europe (see Great Migration). Slav raids on Eastern Roman territory are mentioned in 518, and by the 580s they had conquered large areas referred to as Sclavinia (transl. Slavdom, from Sklavenoi – Σκλαυηνοι, the early South Slavic tribe which is eponymous to the current ethnic and linguistic Indo-European people). In 649, Constantine III relocates conquered Slavs "from the Vardar" to Gordoservon (Serb habitat). Among communities part in the Serb ethnogenesis are the Romanized Paleo-Balkan tribes of Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, Celts, Greek colonies and Romans.
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Shaun Donovan
Shaun L.S. Donovan (born January 24, 1966) is the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, serving in the cabinet of President Barack Obama. Prior to this he headed the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development. On December 13, 2008, in his weekly national radio address, President-elect Barack Obama announced that he would appoint Donovan to his cabinet. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate through unanimous consent on January 22, 2009 and sworn-in on January 26.
Born in New York, Donovan earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from Harvard University, graduating from Harvard College in 1987, and earning a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government and a Master of Architecture from the Graduate School of Design in 1995.
During the Clinton administration and the transition to the Bush administration, Donovan was Deputy Assistant Secretary for Multifamily Housing at HUD, and was acting FHA commissioner. He became Commissioner of the New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development in 2004.
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Simon Cameron
Simon Cameron (March 8, 1799 – June 26, 1889) was an American politician who served as United States Secretary of War for Abraham Lincoln at the start of the American Civil War. Cameron made his fortune in railways, canals and banking, founding the Bank of Middletown. He then turned to a life of politics. He became a U.S. senator in 1845 for the state of Pennsylvania, succeeding James Buchanan. Originally a Democrat, he failed to secure a nomination for senator from the Know-Nothing party, and joined the People's Party, the Pennsylvania branch of what became the Republican Party. He won the Senate seat in 1857, and became one of the candidates for the Republican nomination in the presidential election of 1860.
Cameron gave his support to Abraham Lincoln, and became his Secretary of War. He only served a year before resigning amidst corruption. Cameron became the minister to Russia during the Civil War, but was overseas for less than a year. He again served in the Senate, eventually being succeeded by his son, J. Donald Cameron, and only resigned from the Senate upon confirmation that his son would succeed him.
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Slobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević (sometimes transliterated as Miloshevich[citation needed]; Serbian pronunciation: [slɔbɔ̌dan milɔ̌ːʃɛʋitɕ] ( listen); Serbian Cyrillic: Слободан Милошевић; 20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was the President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000. He also led the Socialist Party of Serbia from its foundation in 1990. His presidency was marked by the breakup of Yugoslavia and the subsequent Yugoslav Wars. In the midst of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Milošević was charged with war crimes and crimes against humanity in connection with the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and Kosovo by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Milošević resigned the Yugoslav presidency amid demonstrations, following the disputed presidential election of 24 September 2000. He was arrested by Yugoslav federal authorities on Saturday, 31 March 2001, on suspicion of corruption, abuse of power, and embezzlement. The initial investigation into Milošević faltered for lack of evidence, prompting the Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić to send him to The Hague to stand trial for charges of war crimes instead. Milošević conducted his own defense in the five-year long trial, which ended without a verdict when he died on 11 March 2006 in his prison cell in The Hague. Milošević, who suffered from heart ailments and high blood pressure, died of a heart attack. The Tribunal denies any responsibility for Milošević's death. They claim that he refused to take prescribed medicines and medicated himself instead.
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Spiro Agnew
Spiro Theodore Agnew (pronunciation: /ˈspɪroʊ ˈæɡnjuː/; November 9, 1918 – September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States (1969–1973), serving under President Richard Nixon, and the 55th Governor of Maryland (1967–1969). He was the first Greek American to hold these offices.
During his fifth year as Vice President, in the late summer of 1973, Agnew was under investigation by the United States Attorney's office in Baltimore, Maryland, on charges of extortion, tax fraud, bribery and conspiracy. In October, he was formally charged with having accepted bribes totaling more than $100,000, while holding office as Baltimore County Executive, Governor of Maryland, and Vice President of the United States. On October 10, 1973, Agnew was allowed to plead no contest to a single charge that he had failed to report $29,500 of income received in 1967, with the condition that he resign the office of Vice President. Nixon replaced him by appointing by then House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford to the office of Vice President.
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Stephen Durham
Stephen Durham (born 1947) is an American activist based in New York City, and the Freedom Socialist Party (FSP) nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 general election. The socialist feminist FSP, a Trotskyist party, is running a write-in campaign that also includes Christina López, a Chicana feminist, for vice-president.
Durham was born in North Carolina and grew up in Southern California. He attended the University of California at Berkeley during the 1960s, where he took part in protests of the Vietnam War and joined actions to gain Third World Studies. He was an early member of the gay rights movement and attended the first national lesbian and gay gathering, the West Coast Gay Liberation Conference, which took place in 1969 in Berkeley.
Durham joined the Freedom Socialist Party and, in 1976, founded the Los Angeles branch of the organization. In 1984, he relocated to New York City, where he has served as the party organizer for many years.
Durham worked as a union waiter in California and New York City. He mobilized with his female, of color and immigrant co-workers, during the 1985 New York City Hotel Trades Council strike by 16,000 workers. In this he was aided by his fluency in Spanish and Portuguese, which he gained in high school and retained through frequent travels to Latin America and the Caribbean where he has connected with other feminists and socialists.
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Steve Kubby
Steven Wynn "Steve" Kubby (born December 28, 1946) is a Libertarian Party activist who played a key role in the drafting and passage of California Proposition 215. The proposition was a ballot initiative to legalize medical marijuana which was approved by voters in 1996. Kubby himself is well-known as a cancer patient who relies on medical cannabis. He has authored two books on drug policy reform: The Politics of Consciousness, and Why Marijuana Should Be Legal. He was the Libertarian Party of California candidate for Governor of California in 1998 receiving 0.9% of the vote. In 2008, he declared his candidacy for the Libertarian Party's 2008 presidential nomination and received significant support for the nomination, but was eliminated after the second ballot. Although various media reports have described him as a "felon" and "fugitive", Kubby's legal status was resolved on July 3, 2008, when California Superior Court Judge, David Nelson, dismissed all charges against Kubby, clearing his name and record of any criminal activity.
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Steven Chu
Steven Chu (Chinese: 朱棣文; pinyin: Zhū Dìwén) is an American physicist and the 12th United States Secretary of Energy. Chu is known for his research at Bell Labs in cooling and trapping of atoms with laser light, which won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1997, along with his scientific colleagues Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William Daniel Phillips. At the time of his appointment as Energy Secretary, he was a professor of physics and molecular and cellular biology at the University of California, Berkeley and the director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, where his research was concerned primarily with the study of biological systems at the single molecule level. Previously, he had been a professor of physics at Stanford University. He is a vocal advocate for more research into renewable energy and nuclear power, arguing that a shift away from fossil fuels is essential to combating climate change. For example, he has conceived of a global "glucose economy", a form of a low-carbon economy, in which glucose from tropical plants is shipped around like oil is today.
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Stewart Alexander
Stewart Alexis Alexander (born 1 October 1951) is an American democratic socialist politician, presidential nominee for the Socialist Party USA in the 2012 election, and former SPUSA nominee for Vice President of the United States in the 2008 election.
A resident of California, Alexander was the Peace and Freedom Party candidate for Lieutenant Governor in 2006. He received 43,319 votes, 0.5% of the total. In August 2010, Alexander declared his candidacy for the President of the United States with the Socialist Party and Green Party. In January 2011, Alexander also declared his candidacy for the presidential nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party.
Stewart Alexis Alexander was born to a brick mason and minister, Stewart Alexander and Ann E. McClenney, a nurse and housewife, in the Mary Immaculate Hospital on the banks of the James River, near the Newport News Ship Building and Dry Dock Company, in Newport News, Virginia. Because the facility was then a segregated hospital, young Stewart and his mother were quickly relocated to a basement room.
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Stewart Greenleaf
Stewart J. Greenleaf (born October 4, 1939) is a Republican member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 12th District since 1979. His district includes portions of Montgomery and Bucks Counties.
Greenleaf is a 1961 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and received his J.D. from the University of Toledo College of Law. He served as an assistant district attorney in Montgomery County from 1970 to 1977 and also an assistant public defender in Bucks County. Greenleaf continues to serve as a partner in his law firm, Elliott Greenleaf, whose attorneys include Montgomery County Commissioner Bruce Castor and former State Rep. Melissa Murphy Weber.
In 1971, Greenleaf was elected as a Commissioner for Upper Moreland Township, Pennsylvania. After one term, Greenleaf was elected to a seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1976. He served a single term in the house before winning his bid for the State Senate in 1978. Greenleaf has been re-elected seven times, most recently over Democrat Jeff Albert in 2006.
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Strom Thurmond
James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 – June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served for 48 years as a United States Senator. He also ran for the Presidency of the United States in 1948 as the segregationist States Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrat) candidate, receiving 2.4% of the popular vote and 39 electoral votes. Thurmond later represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1954 until 2003, at first as a Democrat and after 1964 as a Republican. He switched out of support for the conservatism of Republican presidential candidate and Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater, who shared his opposition to the 1964 Civil Rights Act. He left office as the only senator to reach the age of 100 while still in office and as the oldest-serving and longest-serving senator in U.S. history (although he was later surpassed in the latter by Robert Byrd). Thurmond holds the record for the longest-serving Dean of the United States Senate in U.S. history at 14 years.
He conducted the longest filibuster ever by a lone senator, in opposition to the Civil Rights Act of 1957, at 24 hours and 18 minutes in length, nonstop. In the 1960s, he continued to fight against civil rights legislation. He always insisted he had never been a racist, but was merely opposed to excessive federal authority. However, he infamously said that "all the laws of Washington and all the bayonets of the Army cannot force the Negro into our homes, into our schools, our churches and our places of recreation and amusement", while attributing the movement for integration to Communism. Starting in the 1970s, he moderated his position on race, but continued to defend his early segregationist campaigns on the basis of states' rights in the context of Southern society at the time, never fully renouncing his earlier viewpoints.
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Sudafi Henry
Sudafi S. Henry is the Director of Legislative Affairs for Joe Biden, the Vice President of the United States.
Henry was previously Counsel and Senior Policy Advisor for House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-MD), working closely with Congress, leadership staff and committee staff on crafting and winning passage of critical legislation, with a particular focus on trade, telecommunications, economic matters and responses to the current financial crisis. Henry has also served as a liaison for Rep. Hoyer to policy experts, business leaders, and constituency group leaders on pending legislation. Henry has more than 10 years of experience on Capitol Hill, including his work for Reps. Major Owens (D-NY) and Emanuel Cleaver (D-MO) as the Legislative Director for both Members. A native of Los Angeles, California, Henry received a B.A. from the University of Maryland at College Park and a J.D. from George Washington University Law School, and is a member of the Maryland bar.
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Susan Rice
Susan Elizabeth Rice (born November 17, 1964) is an American diplomat, former think tank fellow, and civil servant. She is an American foreign policy advisor and United States Ambassador to the United Nations. Rice served on the staff of the National Security Council and as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during President Bill Clinton's second term. Rice was confirmed as UN Ambassador by the U.S. Senate by unanimous consent on January 22, 2009.
Rice was born in Washington, D.C. Her father, Emmett J. Rice (1919–2011), was a Cornell University economics professor and governor of the Federal Reserve System. Her mother is education policy scholar Lois Dickson Fitt, currently at the Brookings Institution. Her brother, John Rice, received an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School and is the founder of Management Leadership for Tomorrow (an organization committed to developing top minority talent for leadership roles in the business and non-profit sector). She is not related to Condoleezza Rice.
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Ted Kaufman
Edward E. "Ted" Kaufman (born March 15, 1939) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Delaware from 2009 to 2010. Since 2010, he has chaired the Congressional Oversight Panel in the United States federal government; he is the second person to hold that post, succeeding inaugural holder Elizabeth Warren. He is a member of the Democratic Party who previously served on the staff of the United States Senate.
Kaufman was appointed to the Senate to fill the term of long-time Senator Joe Biden, who resigned to become Vice President of the United States in January 2009. Prior to becoming a U.S. Senator, Kaufman had been an adviser to Biden for much of his political career.
Kaufman was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Helen (née Carroll), a teacher, and Manuel Kaufman, a social worker. His father was of Russian Jewish ancestry and his mother was of Irish descent. He was raised in his mother's Catholic religion. Kaufman earned a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering from Duke University and a Master of Business Administration degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Kaufman and his wife, Lynne, have been married since 1960 and reside in Wilmington. They have three daughters, Kelly, Murry, and Meg, and 7 grandchildren. He was a member of the Board of Directors of Children and Families First, WHYY, and the Board of Trustees of Christiana Care.
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Ted Kennedy
Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy (February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts and a member of the Democratic Party. Serving almost 47 years, he was the second most senior member of the Senate when he died and is the fourth-longest-serving senator in United States history. For many years the most prominent living member of the Kennedy family, he was the last surviving son of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.; the youngest brother of President John F. Kennedy and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, both victims of assassination, and Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr., killed in action in World War II; and the father of Congressman Patrick J. Kennedy.
Kennedy entered the Senate in a November 1962 special election to fill the seat once held by his brother John. He was elected to a full six-year term in 1964 and was reelected seven more times before his death. The controversial Chappaquiddick incident on July 18, 1969, resulted in the death of his automobile passenger Mary Jo Kopechne; Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident, and the incident significantly damaged his chances of ever becoming President of the United States. His one attempt, in the 1980 presidential election, resulted in a Democratic primary campaign loss to incumbent President Jimmy Carter.
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Ted Weill
Theodore "Ted" Weill (July 25, 1925 – November 20, 2009) was the nominee for President of the United States of the Reform Party of the United States of America in the 2008 election. He was nominated at the party's national convention on July 20, 2008 in Dallas, Texas. During a 2009 interview with Monmouth University's school newspaper, Weill expressed interest in running again in 2012, but he died at his home on November 20, 2009.
Weill, a graduate of Michigan State University, was also a decorated World War II veteran, who earned four Battle Stars and served aboard the USS Pennsylvania. He was also a Boy Scout instructor. He was invited to the White House Conference on Small Business three times; in 1980, 1985, and 1990.
In the 1990s, Weill founded the Independent Party of Mississippi. In 1997, the Independent Party of Mississippi became the official state affiliate of the national Reform Party and renamed itself the Mississippi Reform Party.
Weill was the chairman of the Mississippi Reform Party and a Reform Party National Committeeman.
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Thaddeus McCotter
Thaddeus George "Thad" McCotter (born August 22, 1965) is the U.S. Representative to Michigan's 11th congressional district, serving since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes portions of Detroit's northwestern suburbs, such as Livonia, Westland and Novi.
He is running for reelection. From July 2 to September 21, 2011, he was an official candidate for the Republican nomination for president in the 2012 election.
McCotter was born in Detroit, Michigan and graduated from Detroit Catholic Central High School, Redford in 1983. His mother, Georgia Joan McCotter, was the City Clerk of Livonia. He received a B.A. from the University of Detroit in 1987 and a J.D. from the same school in 1990.
McCotter had a private law practice before being elected to the Wayne County Commission in 1992. While on the Commission, he helped change the county charter to require that new taxes win the approval of two-thirds of the Commission and 60% of voters in order to be passed.
McCotter was elected to the Michigan State Senate in 1998. As a State Senator, he helped apportion the U.S. Congressional district from which he was elected in 2002.
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Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
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Thomas Clayton
Thomas Clayton (July 1777 – August 21, 1854) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Federalist Party and later the Whig Party. He served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Attorney General of Delaware, as Secretary of State of Delaware, as Chief Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court, as U.S. Representative from Delaware, and as U.S. Senator from Delaware. In 1846 he was one of two members of the United States Senate to vote against declaring war on Mexico.
Clayton was born at Massey in Kent County, Maryland, son of the former Governor of Delaware, Dr. Joshua Clayton, and Rachael McCleary Clayton. It is said he was born while his mother was fleeing invading British troops on the way from their Elk River landing to the Battle of Brandywine. While the Clayton’s were natives of Kent County, Delaware, Rachael McCleary was the niece and adopted daughter of Richard Bassett, the aristocratic heir to the expansive Bohemia Manor estates. The family lived at Bohemia Manor and through this connection, Joshua Clayton later acquired his homestead from these estates, in Pencader Hundred, New Castle County.
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Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 (April 2, 1743 O.S.) – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). At the beginning of the American Revolution, Jefferson served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia. He then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). Just after the war ended, from mid-1784 Jefferson served as a diplomat, stationed in Paris, initially as a commissioner to help negotiate commercial treaties. In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France. He was the first United States Secretary of State (1790–1793) during the administration of President George Washington. Upon resigning his office, with his close friend James Madison he organized the Democratic-Republican Party. Elected Vice-President in 1796, under his opponent John Adams, Jefferson with Madison secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which attempted to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Tim Pawlenty
Timothy James "Tim" Pawlenty ( /pəˈlɛnti/; born November 27, 1960) is an American politician who served as the 39th Governor of Minnesota (2003–2011). He was a Republican candidate for President of the United States in the 2012 election from May to August 2011. He previously served in the Minnesota House of Representatives (1993–2003) where he served two terms as majority leader.
Pawlenty was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota and raised in nearby South St. Paul. He graduated from University of Minnesota with a B.A. in political science and earned a J.D. from the University of Minnesota Law School. His early career included working as a labor law attorney and the vice president of a software company. After settling in the city of Eagan with his wife, Pawlenty was appointed to the city's Planning Commission and was elected to the Eagan City Council at the age of 28. He won a seat as a state representative in 1992, representing District 38B in suburban Dakota County. He was re-elected four times, and voted majority leader by House Republicans in 1998.
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Tim Russert
Timothy John "Tim" Russert (May 7, 1950 – June 13, 2008) was an American television journalist and lawyer who appeared for more than 16 years as the longest-serving moderator of NBC's Meet the Press. He was a senior vice president at NBC News, Washington bureau chief and also hosted an eponymous CNBC/MSNBC weekend interview program. He was a frequent correspondent and guest on NBC's The Today Show and Hardball. Russert covered several presidential elections, and he presented the NBC News/Wall Street Journal survey on the NBC Nightly News during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Time magazine included Russert in its list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2008. Russert was posthumously revealed as a 30-year source for syndicated columnist Robert Novak.
Russert was born in Buffalo, New York to Irish American Catholic parents Elizabeth (Betty), a homemaker, and Timothy Joseph "Big Russ" Russert (November 29, 1923 – September 24, 2009), a sanitation worker. Elizabeth and Joseph were married for 30 years before separating in 1976. He was the second of four children; his sisters are Betty Ann (B.A.), Kathleen (Kathy) and Patricia (Trish). He received a Jesuit education from Canisius High School in Buffalo.
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Timothy Geithner
Timothy Franz Geithner ( /ˈɡaɪtnər/; born August 18, 1961) is an American economist, central banker, and civil servant. He is the 75th and current United States Secretary of the Treasury, serving under President Barack Obama. He was previously the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
Geithner's position includes a large role in directing the Federal Government's spending on the late-2000s financial crisis, including allocation of $350 billion of funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program enacted during the previous administration. At the end of his first year in office, he continued to deal with multiple high visibility issues, including administration efforts to restructure the regulation of the nation's financial system, attempts to spur recovery of both the mortgage market and the automobile industry, demands for protectionism, President Obama's tax changes, and negotiations with foreign governments on approaches to worldwide financial issues.
Geithner was born in Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Deborah (née Moore) and Peter Franz Geithner. His father was the director of the Asia program at the Ford Foundation in New York in the 1990s. Geithner's father is of German descent, and Geithner's paternal grandfather, Paul Herman Geithner (1902–1972), emigrated with his parents from the Thuringian town of Zeulenroda to Philadelphia in 1908. Geithner's mother, a Mayflower descendant, is from a New England family. Geithner's maternal grandfather, Charles Frederick Moore, Jr., was an adviser to President Dwight D. Eisenhower and served as Vice President of Public Relations from 1952 to 1964 for Ford Motor Company.
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Tom Carper
Thomas Richard "Tom" Carper (born January 23, 1947) is the senior United States Senator from Delaware and a member of the Democratic Party. He was previously the 71st Governor of Delaware and a member of the House of Representatives from Delaware.
A native of Danville, Virginia, Carper graduated from the Ohio State University. Serving as a Naval Flight Officer in the U.S. Navy from 1968 until 1973, he saw active duty in the Vietnam War. He remained in the U.S. Naval Reserve for another 18 years and retired with the rank of Captain. Upon receiving his MBA from the University of Delaware in 1975, Carper went to work for the State of Delaware in its economic development office. He was elected State Treasurer, serving from 1977 to 1983 and leading the development of Delaware's first cash management system.
Encouraged by local politicians, Carper successfully ran for Delaware's only seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982. He served five terms in the House, where he chaired the Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization. In 1992 he arranged a "swap" with term-limited Governor Michael Castle, and the two were easily elected to each other's seats. Carper governed for two terms as a moderate, business-oriented "New Democrat", following the lead of the two previous Republican governors. He successfully prevented the closing of a General Motors automobile plant and won a bid for the headquarters of pharmaceutical giant AstraZeneca. He led a tax-reduction campaign and helped improve the state's credit rating from among the worst in the nation to an excellent "AAA". He pushed for standards-based education, among other reforms.
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Tom Hoefling
Tom Hoefling is an American political activist. He is the national chairman of America's Party as well as the party's 2012 presidential nominee. Hoefling has also served as political director for Alan Keyes' political group America's Revival, as well as a representative for the American Conservative Coalition.
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Tom Tancredo
Thomas Gerard "Tom" Tancredo (pronounced /tæŋˈkreɪdoʊ/; born December 20, 1945) is an American politician from Colorado, who represented the state's sixth congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009, as a Republican. He ran for President of the United States during the 2008 election, and was the Constitution Party's unsuccessful nominee for Governor of Colorado in 2010.
Tancredo was initially elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 1976 and served two terms. After working in the United States Department of Education during the Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush Administrations, he was elected to the United States Congress, and served five terms. He decided to not seek re-election in 2008. Tancredo ran for the Republican Party nomination for President in 2007, centering his campaign on the issues of illegal immigration and terrorism. He dropped out of the race in December 2007 to assist former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in his campaign for the nomination.
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Tom Vilsack
Thomas James "Tom" Vilsack (/ˈvɪlsæk/; born December 13, 1950) is an American politician, a member of the Democratic Party, and presently the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture. He served as the 40th Governor of the state of Iowa. He was first elected in 1998 and re-elected to a second four-year term in 2002. On November 30, 2006, he formally launched his candidacy for the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 election, but ended his bid on February 23, 2007.
Barack Obama announced Vilsack's selection to be the United States Secretary of Agriculture under his administration on December 17, 2008. Vilsack's nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate by unanimous consent on January 20, 2009.
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Tom Vilsack was abandoned at birth and placed in a Roman Catholic orphanage. He was adopted in 1951 by Bud and Dolly Vilsack, who raised him in the Roman Catholic faith. His adoptive father was a real-estate agent and insurance salesman, and his adoptive mother was a homemaker.
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Tommy Thompson
Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941), a United States Republican politician, was the 42nd Governor of Wisconsin, after which he served as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Thompson was a candidate for the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, but dropped out early after a poor performance in polls. He is currently running for the United States Senate election in 2012.
Thompson was born in Elroy, Wisconsin, where his father, Allan, owned and ran a gas station and country grocery store, and his mother, Julia, was a teacher. He is a former captain in the United States Army and United States Army Reserve, and holds a law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School.
Thompson was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1966; he became the Assembly's assistant minority leader in 1973 and minority leader in 1981. He was famous for aggressively utilizing parliamentary procedure to give his minority party some limited say in the legislative process. Since this use of procedure was invariably one of delay and obstruction, he soon received the nickname "Dr. No" by the frustrated majority.[neutrality is disputed]
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Tony Blinken
Antony John 'Tony' Blinken is the advisor for national security policy for Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States.
He served previously as a Senior Fellow at the Center for New American Security, Democratic Staff Director of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations (from 2002 to 2008), and a member of the Obama-Biden Presidential Transition team (from November 2008 to January 2009), among other positions.
Blinken is married to Evan Ryan, Assistant for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Liaison for Vice President Joseph R. Biden since November 2008.
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Valerie Jarrett
Valerie Bowman Jarrett (born November 14, 1956) is a senior advisor and assistant to the president for Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs for the Obama administration. She is a Chicago lawyer, businesswoman, and civic leader. Prior to that she served as a co-chairperson of the Obama-Biden Transition Project.
Jarrett was born in Shiraz, Iran to American parents James E. Bowman and Barbara Taylor Bowman. Her father, a pathologist and geneticist, ran a hospital for children in Shiraz, as part of a program where American doctors and agricultural experts sought to help jump-start developing countries' health and farming efforts. When she was five, the family moved to London for one year, returning to Chicago in 1963.
In 1966 her mother, Barbara T. Bowman, was one of four child advocates that created the Erikson Institute. The Institute was established to provide advanced knowledge in child development for teachers and other professionals working with young children.
As a child she spoke Persian and French.
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Vermin Supreme
Vermin Love Supreme (born June 1961) is an American performance artist, anarchist and activist who is known for running as an alternative candidate in various local, state, and national elections in the United States. Supreme is known for wearing a boot shaped hat and carrying a large toothbrush. He claims that if elected President of the United States, he will pass a law requiring people to brush their teeth. He also campaigned in 2012 on a platform of zombie apocalypse awareness and time travel research, and he promises a free pony for every American. Supreme claims to mock the political system. In 2011, he participated in the ongoing Occupy Boston protests.
Supreme grew up near Boston, Massachusetts and is said to be the oldest of three children. He graduated from Gloucester High School in the 1980s, then moved to Baltimore to attend art school, but dropped out and began booking bands for underground clubs.[citation needed]
In 1986, he joined The Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in protest of nuclear weapons. From 1987 onward, he began running for public office. He legally changed his name to Vermin Supreme in the 1990s.
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Virgil Goode
Virgil Hamlin Goode, Jr. (/gud/, born October 17, 1946) is an American politician, last serving as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives. He represented the 5th congressional district of Virginia (map) from 1997 to 2009. He lost his seat in the 2008 election to Democrat Tom Perriello. Goode subsequently joined the Constitution Party. He is that party's 2012 presidential nominee.
Goode was born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Alice Clara (née Besecker) and Virgil Hamlin Goode. He has spent most of his life in Rocky Mount. Goode graduated with a B.A. from the University of Richmond (Phi Beta Kappa) and with a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. He also is a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity, and served in the Army National Guard from 1969 to 1975.
Goode grew up as a Democrat. He entered politics soon after graduating from law school. At the age of 27 he won a special election to the state Senate from a Southside district as an independent after the death of the Democratic incumbent. One of his major campaign focuses at the time was advocacy for the Equal Rights Amendment. Soon after being elected, he joined the Democrats.
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Virginia Abernethy
Virginia Deane Abernethy (born in Cuba in 1934) is an American professor (emerita) of psychiatry and anthropology at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. She received a B.A. from Wellesley College, an M.B.A. from Vanderbilt University, and Ph.D. from Harvard University. She is an anthropology fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Abernethy describes herself as an "ethnic separatist". An outspoken opponent of immigration, Abernethy has called for a complete moratorium on immigration into the United States. She claims that immigrants devalue the work force, deplete scarce resources, adversely impact carrying capacity, and that Third World immigration has led to a rise in dangerous diseases within the United States.
Abernethy is a close friend of minister Jesse Lee Peterson.
Abernethy's research has focused on the issues of population and culture. Her most famous work discounts the demographic transition theory, which holds that fertility drops as women become more educated and contraceptives become more available. In its place she has developed a fertility-opportunity hypothesis which states that fertility follows perceived economic opportunity. A corollary to this hypothesis is that food aid to developing nations will only exacerbate overpopulation. She has advocated in favor of microloans to women in the place of international aid, because she believes microloans allow improvement in the lives of families without leading to higher fertility.
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Walter Mondale
Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American Democratic Party politician who served as the 42nd Vice President of the United States (1977–1981) under President Jimmy Carter, and as a United States Senator from Minnesota (1964–1976). He was the Democratic Party's presidential candidate in the United States presidential election of 1984.
Mondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951. He then served in the US Army in the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, Mondale was elected to the position of attorney general in 1960. He was appointed US Senator in late 1964 as a member of the Democratic Party upon the resignation of Hubert Humphrey, and held that post until 1976. In the Senate, he supported fair housing, tax reform and the desegregation of schools.[not verified in body] He opposed United States involvement in the Vietnam War.[not verified in body]
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Warren Mosler
Warren Mosler (born September 18, 1949) is an American economist, president and founder of Mosler Automotive, and co-founder of the Center for Full Employment And Price Stability at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. He briefly ran for President of the United States as a member of the Democratic Party in the 2012 election before dropping out to run for U.S. Senate.
Mosler spent his early life in Manchester, Connecticut and was initially employed in Hartford before moving to New York City to work on Wall Street. In 1982, he began a hedge fund, which by the 1990s was largely turned over to his partners. Later, he relocated to the U.S. Virgin Islands to participate in a government-sponsored economic growth initiative.
Academically, he is known for his writings on Modern Monetary Theory, an economic theory that describes the way fiat money is created and utilized in modern economies.
In February 2009, Mosler declared his candidacy with the Federal Elections Commission to run for the office of President of The United States as an independent. In April 2010, he withdrew to run in the United States Senate election in Connecticut, 2010, briefly as a Democrat, but ultimately as an independent. In the final tally he received 0.98% of the vote.
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Wayne Allyn Root
Wayne Allyn Root (born July 20, 1961) is an American politician, entrepreneur, television and radio personality, author and political commentator. He was the 2008 Libertarian Party vice-presidential nominee. Root began his career as a professional sports handicapper, based in Las Vegas, Nevada.
His political talk radio show,W.A.R: The Wayne Allyn Root Showis broadcast in New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago. Root is a frequent guest on several nationally syndicated radio shows such as Savage Nation, The Jerry Doyle Show, and Mancow's Morning Madhouse. He has also made numerous appearances on various programs on the Fox News Channel. He is a frequent speaker at Tea Party events across the United States.
Root's political columns appear in the Las Vegas Review Journal and at Newsmax.com.
At the 2008 Libertarian National Convention, Root was eliminated on the fifth ballot in a bid for the presidential nomination, and subsequently became the vice presidential candidate alongside Libertarian nominee Bob Barr. Root lost a bid to become National Chair of the Libertarian Party at the party's 2010 Convention.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Willa Kenoyer
Willa Kenoyer (born 13 December 1933 in Tacoma, Washington) was the Socialist Party USA (SPUSA) candidate for President of the United States in the 1988 U.S. presidential election. The SPUSA had not been on the ballot in 1984 due to a lack of interest among its members, and only hoped for a vote total of five digits, expecting to do better in the next century, according to the chair Anne Rosenhaft. Kenoyer's running mate was Ron Ehrenreich; they also ran on the Liberty Union Party line in Vermont, beating Herb Lewin of the Internationalist Workers Party in the LUP primary by 199 to 66, a primary socialists use to gauge the relative strength of their campaigns. They hoped to spread their ideas, finding some similarities to the goals of Jesse Jackson's campaign, but significant differences regarding the military and intelligence agencies, and faulted him for, in their opinion, attracting more people to the Democratic Party. The party's ultimate nominee Michael Dukakis and platform were criticized by the campaign.
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William Langer
William "Wild Bill" Langer (September 30, 1886 – November 8, 1959) was a prominent US politician from North Dakota. Langer is one of the most colorful characters in North Dakota history, most famously bouncing back from a scandal that forced him out of the governor's office and into prison. He served as the 17th and 21st Governor of North Dakota from 1933 to 1934 and from 1937 to 1939. Langer also served in the United States Senate from 1940 to 1959 when he died in office.
Langer was born on September 30, 1886 near Casselton, North Dakota to Frank and Mary (Weber) Langer. His father, Frank Langer, was a member of the first legislature of the state of North Dakota. William was valedictorian of Casselton High School upon graduation in 1904. He obtained a bachelor of laws from the University of North Dakota in Grand Forks, but was too young upon graduation to practice law. He therefore continued his undergraduate education at Columbia, where he graduated at the top of his class in 1910. Although he was offered a position at a prominent New York law firm, he elected to return to North Dakota, where he practiced law in the town of Mandan before starting his career in politics. He married Lydia Cady, the daughter of a New York architect, in 1918, and had four daughters, Emma, Lydia, Mary, and Cornelia (who became a wife of abstract impressionist painter Kenneth Noland).
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William Windom
William Windom (May 10, 1827 – January 29, 1891) was an American politician from Minnesota. He served as U.S. Representative from 1859 to 1869, and as U.S. Senator from 1870 to January 1871, from March 1871 to March 1881, and from November 1881 to 1883. He also served as Secretary of the Treasury from March to November 1881, and from 1889 to 1891. He was a Republican. He was the great-grandfather of actor William Windom.
He was born in Belmont County, Ohio. He moved to Minnesota Territory in 1855 and settled in the town of Winona on the banks of the Mississippi River in southeastern Minnesota.
Windom was elected U.S. Representative in 1859, filling one of Minnesota's two at-large seats. He was re-elected in 1861, again at-large. By 1862, Minnesota had established Congressional districts, and in that year he was re-elected from Minnesota's 1st congressional district; and also in 1864 and 1866. He was not a candidate in 1868.
Senator Daniel S. Norton died on July 13, 1870. On July 15, Governor Alexander Ramsey appointed Windom to the resulting vacancy, to serve until the legislature elected a replacement. When the legislature met in January 1871, they elected Ozora P. Stearns to serve the last 41 days of the current term (January 22-March 4), and elected Windom to serve the next full term, beginning March 4. Windom was re-elected in 1877, and served until March 7, 1881 when he resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury.
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Complete Vice Presidential Debate 2012: Joe Biden vs. Paul Ryan - Oct 11, 2012 - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 91:05
- Updated: 26 Jan 2013
The Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan in the run up to the general election in November.
http://wn.com/Complete_Vice_Presidential_Debate_2012_Joe_Biden_vs_Paul_Ryan_Oct_11,_2012_Elections_2012
The Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan in the run up to the general election in November.
Vice President Joe Biden Sworn in for 2nd Term on 2013 Inauguration Day
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_Sworn_in_for_2nd_Term_on_2013_Inauguration_Day
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory.
- published: 20 Jan 2013
- views: 7548
- author: ABCNews
Vice Presidential Debate 2012: Joe Biden to Romney-Ryan on Economy: 'Just Get Out of the Way'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:37
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Vice president Joe Biden, Rep. Paul Ryan debate White House response to economic crisis.
http://wn.com/Vice_Presidential_Debate_2012_Joe_Biden_to_Romney-Ryan_on_Economy_'Just_Get_Out_of_the_Way'
Vice president Joe Biden, Rep. Paul Ryan debate White House response to economic crisis.
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 195291
- author: ABCNews
White House Hangout with Vice President Joe Biden on Reducing Gun Violence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:31
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Biden participates in a "Fireside Hangout" -- a 21st century take on FDR's famous radio addresses -- to talk about reducing gun violence. The hangout was hosted by Google and moderated by Hari Sreenivasan of PBS NewsHour. Other participants included Guy Kawasaki and Philip DeFranco. January 24, 2013.
http://wn.com/White_House_Hangout_with_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_on_Reducing_Gun_Violence
Vice President Biden participates in a "Fireside Hangout" -- a 21st century take on FDR's famous radio addresses -- to talk about reducing gun violence. The hangout was hosted by Google and moderated by Hari Sreenivasan of PBS NewsHour. Other participants included Guy Kawasaki and Philip DeFranco. January 24, 2013.
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 20739
- author: whitehouse
Joe Biden's Full DNC Speech - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:36
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. accepts his party's nomination at the Democratic National Convention. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden's_Full_DNC_Speech_Elections_2012
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. accepts his party's nomination at the Democratic National Convention. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 103190
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Inauguration Day 2013: Vice President Joe Biden Sworn In to Second Term
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:11
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Biden took the oath of office from Supreme Court Justice Sonya Sotamayor.
http://wn.com/Inauguration_Day_2013_Vice_President_Joe_Biden_Sworn_In_to_Second_Term
Biden took the oath of office from Supreme Court Justice Sonya Sotamayor.
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- views: 8098
- author: ABCNews
Vice President Meets with Video Game Industry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:44
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden meets with representatives from the video game industry as part of the Administration's effort to develop policy proposals in response to the tragedy in Newtown. The Vice President is joined by Attorney General Eric Holder and Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius. January 11, 2013.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Meets_with_Video_Game_Industry
Vice President Joe Biden meets with representatives from the video game industry as part of the Administration's effort to develop policy proposals in response to the tragedy in Newtown. The Vice President is joined by Attorney General Eric Holder and Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius. January 11, 2013.
- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 36675
- author: whitehouse
Vice President Biden Meets with Sportsmen and Wildlife Interest Groups
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:41
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden is meets with advocates for sportsmen and women and wildlife interest groups as part of the Administration's effort to develop policy proposals in response to the tragedy in Newtown. January 10, 2013.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Biden_Meets_with_Sportsmen_and_Wildlife_Interest_Groups
Vice President Joe Biden is meets with advocates for sportsmen and women and wildlife interest groups as part of the Administration's effort to develop policy proposals in response to the tragedy in Newtown. January 10, 2013.
- published: 10 Jan 2013
- views: 10080
- author: whitehouse
Joe Biden and Paul Ryan Vice Presidential Debate Coverage - 10/11/12 - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 162:40
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Biden Ryan Vice Presidential Debate. Comprehensive Debate Fact Checking
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_and_Paul_Ryan_Vice_Presidential_Debate_Coverage_10_11_12_Elections_2012
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Biden Ryan Vice Presidential Debate. Comprehensive Debate Fact Checking
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 36180
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Vice President Biden Takes the Oath of Office
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden takes the oath of office in an official swearing-in ceremony at the Naval Observatory. January 20, 2013.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Biden_Takes_the_Oath_of_Office
Vice President Joe Biden takes the oath of office in an official swearing-in ceremony at the Naval Observatory. January 20, 2013.
- published: 20 Jan 2013
- views: 21746
- author: whitehouse
Vice Presidential Debate 2012: Joe Biden, Paul Ryan Spar on Medicare, Social Security
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:45
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Vice President Joe Biden and GOP VP Candidate Paul Ryan offer two different plans to seniors.
http://wn.com/Vice_Presidential_Debate_2012_Joe_Biden,_Paul_Ryan_Spar_on_Medicare,_Social_Security
Vice President Joe Biden and GOP VP Candidate Paul Ryan offer two different plans to seniors.
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 30465
- author: ABCNews
Joe Biden vs. Paul Ryan - The Complete Vice Presidential Debate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 92:08
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
The one and only debate between Vice President Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan. The debate is in HD and has been transcribed for your viewing pleasure. Join the conversation on Facebook www.facebook.com Add TDC to your circles on Google+ plus.google.com Follow The Daily Conversation on Twitter www.twitter.com Keywords: TDC TheDailyConversation The Daily Conversation
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_vs_Paul_Ryan_The_Complete_Vice_Presidential_Debate
The one and only debate between Vice President Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan. The debate is in HD and has been transcribed for your viewing pleasure. Join the conversation on Facebook www.facebook.com Add TDC to your circles on Google+ plus.google.com Follow The Daily Conversation on Twitter www.twitter.com Keywords: TDC TheDailyConversation The Daily Conversation
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 55346
- author: TheDailyConversation
Vice President Joe Biden's Remarks at the 2012 Democratic National Convention - Full Speech
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:30
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden's Remarks at the 2012 Democratic National Convention - Full Speech
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden's_Remarks_at_the_2012_Democratic_National_Convention_Full_Speech
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden's Remarks at the 2012 Democratic National Convention - Full Speech
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 56362
- author: BarackObamadotcom
Jamie Foxx Sings for Bidens at Inaugural Ball - Inauguration 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden dance to a performance of "I Can't Stop Loving You" by Jamie Foxx at the Inaugural Ball. Full Inauguration Playlist: www.youtube.com Click here to subscribe to our channel: www.youtube.com Visit us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter: twitter.com Visit the Wall Street Journal: www.wsj.com
http://wn.com/Jamie_Foxx_Sings_for_Bidens_at_Inaugural_Ball_Inauguration_2013
Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden dance to a performance of "I Can't Stop Loving You" by Jamie Foxx at the Inaugural Ball. Full Inauguration Playlist: www.youtube.com Click here to subscribe to our channel: www.youtube.com Visit us on Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow us on Twitter: twitter.com Visit the Wall Street Journal: www.wsj.com
- published: 22 Jan 2013
- views: 67315
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
Vice Presidential Debate 2012: Joe Biden, Paul Ryan Best Moments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
The vice president and Paul Ryan squared off in their first and only debate. For more, click here: abcnews.go.com
http://wn.com/Vice_Presidential_Debate_2012_Joe_Biden,_Paul_Ryan_Best_Moments
The vice president and Paul Ryan squared off in their first and only debate. For more, click here: abcnews.go.com
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 31195
- author: ABCNews
Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden: Honoring our Commitment to Veterans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
Share this: OFA.BO Tweet this: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden share how President Obama has demonstrated his strong and steady leadership as Commander in Chief and how he continues to honor the commitment to our troops and veterans.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_and_Dr_Jill_Biden_Honoring_our_Commitment_to_Veterans
Share this: OFA.BO Tweet this: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden and Dr. Jill Biden share how President Obama has demonstrated his strong and steady leadership as Commander in Chief and how he continues to honor the commitment to our troops and veterans.
- published: 03 Nov 2012
- views: 16610
- author: BarackObamadotcom
Inauguration 2013: Joe Biden Proud to be Obama's Vice President
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch.
http://wn.com/Inauguration_2013_Joe_Biden_Proud_to_be_Obama's_Vice_President
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch.
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- views: 4206
- author: ABCNews
Vice President Biden on Romney's New Autos Ad: "Have They No Shame?"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Video from C-SPAN
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Biden_on_Romney's_New_Autos_Ad_Have_They_No_Shame?
Vice President Joe Biden Breaks Down the Romney-Ryan Plan for Seniors
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Updated: 29 Dec 2012
Gotta vote? Go here: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden breaks down the Romney-Ryan budget, how the budget affects seniors and what you can do to help win this election. In many states voting has already started, to get all the information you need to vote, go here: OFA.BO
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_Breaks_Down_the_Romney-Ryan_Plan_for_Seniors
Gotta vote? Go here: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden breaks down the Romney-Ryan budget, how the budget affects seniors and what you can do to help win this election. In many states voting has already started, to get all the information you need to vote, go here: OFA.BO
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 34805
- author: BarackObamadotcom
Watch the Full 2012 Vice Presidential Debate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 92:14
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Vice President Joe Biden and Rep. Paul Ryan, went head-to-head in the 2012 vice presidential debate in Danville, Ky. Moderated by Martha Raddatz, the candidates talked about domestic and international issues, including the attacks on Libya, Medicare, taxes and the deficit their Catholic faith, and the Afghanistan withdrawal. Do you read or write a language other than English? Help the NewsHour translate the debate: bit.ly For more coverage, visit the PBS NewsHour website: www.pbs.org
http://wn.com/Watch_the_Full_2012_Vice_Presidential_Debate
Vice President Joe Biden and Rep. Paul Ryan, went head-to-head in the 2012 vice presidential debate in Danville, Ky. Moderated by Martha Raddatz, the candidates talked about domestic and international issues, including the attacks on Libya, Medicare, taxes and the deficit their Catholic faith, and the Afghanistan withdrawal. Do you read or write a language other than English? Help the NewsHour translate the debate: bit.ly For more coverage, visit the PBS NewsHour website: www.pbs.org
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 22408
- author: PBSNewsHour
Vice President Joe Biden, Kal Penn and the Aviator Fist Bump: Live from Charlotte Tonight at 8 pm ET
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Watch the full interview live tonight. Get started here: OFA.BO Kal Penn hosts coverage of the 2012 Democratic National Convention live on Thursday September 6, 2012. Watch the full interview with Vice President Joe Biden live on www.barackobama.com
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden,_Kal_Penn_and_the_Aviator_Fist_Bump_Live_from_Charlotte_Tonight_at_8_pm_ET
Watch the full interview live tonight. Get started here: OFA.BO Kal Penn hosts coverage of the 2012 Democratic National Convention live on Thursday September 6, 2012. Watch the full interview with Vice President Joe Biden live on www.barackobama.com
- published: 05 Sep 2012
- views: 31420
- author: BarackObamadotcom
The Full Vice-Presidential Debate -- October 11, 2012 -- Danville, Kentucky
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 91:36
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Vice-President Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan square off at the only 2012 Vice-Presidential Debate on the campus of Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky, on Thursday, October 11, 2012.
http://wn.com/The_Full_Vice-Presidential_Debate_-_October_11,_2012_-_Danville,_Kentucky
Vice-President Joe Biden and Congressman Paul Ryan square off at the only 2012 Vice-Presidential Debate on the campus of Centre College, in Danville, Kentucky, on Thursday, October 11, 2012.
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 4616
- author: polititick
Vice President Joe Biden: Tax Cuts and Asking the Wealthy to Pay Their Fair Share
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 02 Dec 2012
Share this: OFA.BO Tweet this: OFA.BO Excerpt from the 2012 Vice Presidential Debate at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_Tax_Cuts_and_Asking_the_Wealthy_to_Pay_Their_Fair_Share
Share this: OFA.BO Tweet this: OFA.BO Excerpt from the 2012 Vice Presidential Debate at Centre College in Danville, Kentucky.
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 4636
- author: BarackObamadotcom
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5th Grade Reporter Interviews Vice-President Joe Biden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:56
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
A KEC TV News Report. A 5th grade reporter asked Joe Biden "What a does a VP do?" during an interview on Sept. 2, 2008 in Palm Beach County, FL. Biden answered with a response that could be understood by all of the students at KEC/Canal Point Elementary.
http://wn.com/5th_Grade_Reporter_Interviews_Vice-President_Joe_Biden
A KEC TV News Report. A 5th grade reporter asked Joe Biden "What a does a VP do?" during an interview on Sept. 2, 2008 in Palm Beach County, FL. Biden answered with a response that could be understood by all of the students at KEC/Canal Point Elementary.
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 518525
- author: CanalPointKECTV
Katie Couric: Joe Biden Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:24
- Updated: 13 Jun 2012
Katie Couric interviewed Vice Presidential candidate, Joe Biden.
http://wn.com/Katie_Couric_Joe_Biden_Interview
Katie Couric interviewed Vice Presidential candidate, Joe Biden.
- published: 23 Sep 2008
- views: 64241
- author: LitloC
Joe Biden Interview on Ellen + Dunk Tank 10/20/08 Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:20
- Updated: 23 Jan 2013
October 20, 2008 Season 6 Episode 31 Senator Joe Biden in talk with Ellen about the campaign, his position to Prop. 8 in California and finally dunks a surprise guest.
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_Interview_on_Ellen_+_Dunk_Tank_10_20_08_Part_1
October 20, 2008 Season 6 Episode 31 Senator Joe Biden in talk with Ellen about the campaign, his position to Prop. 8 in California and finally dunks a surprise guest.
- published: 20 Oct 2008
- views: 31578
- author: bigellenfan1
Vice President Joe Biden Sworn in for 2nd Term on 2013 Inauguration Day
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory.
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_Sworn_in_for_2nd_Term_on_2013_Inauguration_Day
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory.
- published: 20 Jan 2013
- views: 7548
- author: ABCNews
Joe Biden's Greatest Gaffes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
This is a mostly complete summary of Joe Biden's greatest gaffes in the past four years. Enjoy!
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden's_Greatest_Gaffes
This is a mostly complete summary of Joe Biden's greatest gaffes in the past four years. Enjoy!
- published: 18 Aug 2012
- views: 156674
- author: RiotTurtleShield
David Letterman - Joe Biden Top Ten
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden presents the "Top Ten Good Things About Voting Early" from November 1, 2012.
http://wn.com/David_Letterman_Joe_Biden_Top_Ten
Vice President Joe Biden presents the "Top Ten Good Things About Voting Early" from November 1, 2012.
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 62193
- author: CBS
Joe Biden Rips GOP On Iraq War Resolution
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:21
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
During debate on the binding Iraq-withdrawal bill that would require George W. Bush to withdraw all US troops from Iraq within one year, Joe Biden rips Republicans for standing by Bush's horrible course.
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_Rips_GOP_On_Iraq_War_Resolution
During debate on the binding Iraq-withdrawal bill that would require George W. Bush to withdraw all US troops from Iraq within one year, Joe Biden rips Republicans for standing by Bush's horrible course.
- published: 14 Mar 2007
- views: 306638
- author: bgeiger57
Inauguration 2013: Joe Biden Proud to be Obama's Vice President
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch.
http://wn.com/Inauguration_2013_Joe_Biden_Proud_to_be_Obama's_Vice_President
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch.
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- views: 4206
- author: ABCNews
Vice President Joe Biden's Story - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:47
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden Biography Video - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden's_Story_2012_Democratic_National_Convention_Video
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden Biography Video - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 16203
- author: BarackObamadotcom
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks Biden get Angry
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks critical questions, Biden get Angry. This is the first time anyone in the media has gone after either Obama or Biden.
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_Interview,_Barbara_West_asks_Biden_get_Angry
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks critical questions, Biden get Angry. This is the first time anyone in the media has gone after either Obama or Biden.
- published: 26 Oct 2008
- views: 37811
- author: OnToDenver
Full VP Debate - Joe Biden and Paul Ryan - Vice Presidential Debate Full
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:51
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
Watch the full Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
http://wn.com/Full_VP_Debate_Joe_Biden_and_Paul_Ryan_Vice_Presidential_Debate_Full
Watch the full Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 21042
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
The Middle Class Hero of 2012: Joe Biden
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:42
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
The Changing Face of The American Empire: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
http://wn.com/The_Middle_Class_Hero_of_2012_Joe_Biden
The Changing Face of The American Empire: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- views: 246
- author: politicalarticles
Joe Biden Works The Room At Senate Swearing In Ceremony
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
more at talkingpointsmemo.com
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_Works_The_Room_At_Senate_Swearing_In_Ceremony
Joe Biden and Paul Ryan Vice Presidential Debate Coverage - 10/11/12 - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 162:40
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Biden Ryan Vice Presidential Debate. Comprehensive Debate Fact Checking
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden_and_Paul_Ryan_Vice_Presidential_Debate_Coverage_10_11_12_Elections_2012
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Biden Ryan Vice Presidential Debate. Comprehensive Debate Fact Checking
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 36180
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
All Huffy, Joe Biden Stands By Rape Reference to GOP
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 04 Jan 2013
Jason Mattera confronts Joe Biden on disgusting reference to rape if Republicans don't support Obama's "jobs" bill
http://wn.com/All_Huffy,_Joe_Biden_Stands_By_Rape_Reference_to_GOP
Jason Mattera confronts Joe Biden on disgusting reference to rape if Republicans don't support Obama's "jobs" bill
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 460206
- author: HumanEvents
Vice President Joe Biden at the 2012 Democratic National Convention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:41
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden addresses the 2012 Democratic National Convention
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Joe_Biden_at_the_2012_Democratic_National_Convention
Vice President Joe Biden addresses the 2012 Democratic National Convention
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 18681
- author: DemConvention2012
Joe Biden's Greatest Hits!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Gotta love our vice president!
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden's_Greatest_Hits!
Vice Presidential Debate - Biden Attacks Romney's 47% Comment
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
The Vice Presidential debate moves to the topic of the national debt. Joe Biden addresses the "47%" remarks from Mitt Romney. Paul Ryan refers to unemployment rate in Scranton, Pa. (Photo: AP) Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
http://wn.com/Vice_Presidential_Debate_Biden_Attacks_Romney's_47_Comment
The Vice Presidential debate moves to the topic of the national debt. Joe Biden addresses the "47%" remarks from Mitt Romney. Paul Ryan refers to unemployment rate in Scranton, Pa. (Photo: AP) Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 7514
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
Bill O'Reilly slanders Senator Joe Biden- Al Franken reports
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 21 Jan 2013
Al Franken reports on Bill O'Reilly's attempt to slander Senator Joe Biden from Delaware. This is pure evil and disgusting yet it is typical O'Reilly
http://wn.com/Bill_O'Reilly_slanders_Senator_Joe_Biden_Al_Franken_reports
Al Franken reports on Bill O'Reilly's attempt to slander Senator Joe Biden from Delaware. This is pure evil and disgusting yet it is typical O'Reilly
- published: 04 Oct 2007
- views: 76602
- author: LYLS3637
Joe Biden's Full DNC Speech - Elections 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:36
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. accepts his party's nomination at the Democratic National Convention. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
http://wn.com/Joe_Biden's_Full_DNC_Speech_Elections_2012
Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. accepts his party's nomination at the Democratic National Convention. Click here to see more videos from the DNC: nyti.ms
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 103190
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Biden vs. Palin -- You be the Judge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:59
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
Watch more at www.theyoungturks.com.
http://wn.com/Biden_vs_Palin_-_You_be_the_Judge
Vice President Biden Discusses Grief at TAPS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:52
- Updated: 24 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden talks with surviving families of our fallen military heroes at the opening session of the 18th Annual TAPS National Military Survivor Seminar, held over Memorial Day Weekend in 2012. Biden discussed the death of his wife and young daughter in a car accident and how he dealt with grief in an emotional speech for the families of fallen military service members. More than 2000 people participated in the four-day weekend event offering comfort and care to anyone grieving the death of someone who served in the military, regardless of where they died or how they died. More information about TAPS is available at www.taps.org
http://wn.com/Vice_President_Biden_Discusses_Grief_at_TAPS
Vice President Joe Biden talks with surviving families of our fallen military heroes at the opening session of the 18th Annual TAPS National Military Survivor Seminar, held over Memorial Day Weekend in 2012. Biden discussed the death of his wife and young daughter in a car accident and how he dealt with grief in an emotional speech for the families of fallen military service members. More than 2000 people participated in the four-day weekend event offering comfort and care to anyone grieving the death of someone who served in the military, regardless of where they died or how they died. More information about TAPS is available at www.taps.org
- published: 26 May 2012
- views: 43911
- author: SupportTAPS
VP Joe Biden Gaffes: "Proud to be the President of the United States"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
In an unannounced appearance with his sons Hunter and Beau at a pre-Inaugural soiree held Saturday, Jan. 19, 2013 in Washington, Vice President Joe Biden game himself an unexpected promotion. "I'm proud to be President of the United States," the Veep gaffed, "but I am prouder to be... [LAUGHTER]..." The "First in the Nation Celebration," held by the State Society of Iowa at the National Museum of Women in the Arts, promoted Iowa's role as the first state to hold a nominating contest in Presidential election years. In 2008, a then-Sen. Barack Obama won the caucuses there, vaulting his fledgling campaign to national prominence. Biden said the appearance was one of several he was making throughout the evening to thank states that helped the Obama-Biden ticket win reelection in 2012, including Florida, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire.
http://wn.com/VP_Joe_Biden_Gaffes_Proud_to_be_the_President_of_the_United_States
In an unannounced appearance with his sons Hunter and Beau at a pre-Inaugural soiree held Saturday, Jan. 19, 2013 in Washington, Vice President Joe Biden game himself an unexpected promotion. "I'm proud to be President of the United States," the Veep gaffed, "but I am prouder to be... [LAUGHTER]..." The "First in the Nation Celebration," held by the State Society of Iowa at the National Museum of Women in the Arts, promoted Iowa's role as the first state to hold a nominating contest in Presidential election years. In 2008, a then-Sen. Barack Obama won the caucuses there, vaulting his fledgling campaign to national prominence. Biden said the appearance was one of several he was making throughout the evening to thank states that helped the Obama-Biden ticket win reelection in 2012, including Florida, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire.
- published: 20 Jan 2013
- views: 10430
- author: Brendan Kownacki
5:56
5th Grade Reporter Interviews Vice-President Joe Biden
A KEC TV News Report. A 5th grade reporter asked Joe Biden "What a does a VP do?" during a...
published: 22 Oct 2008
author: CanalPointKECTV
5th Grade Reporter Interviews Vice-President Joe Biden
A KEC TV News Report. A 5th grade reporter asked Joe Biden "What a does a VP do?" during an interview on Sept. 2, 2008 in Palm Beach County, FL. Biden answered with a response that could be understood by all of the students at KEC/Canal Point Elementary.
- published: 22 Oct 2008
- views: 518525
- author: CanalPointKECTV
7:20
Joe Biden Interview on Ellen + Dunk Tank 10/20/08 Part 1
October 20, 2008 Season 6 Episode 31 Senator Joe Biden in talk with Ellen about the campai...
published: 20 Oct 2008
author: bigellenfan1
Joe Biden Interview on Ellen + Dunk Tank 10/20/08 Part 1
October 20, 2008 Season 6 Episode 31 Senator Joe Biden in talk with Ellen about the campaign, his position to Prop. 8 in California and finally dunks a surprise guest.
- published: 20 Oct 2008
- views: 31578
- author: bigellenfan1
5:24
Vice President Joe Biden Sworn in for 2nd Term on 2013 Inauguration Day
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory....
published: 20 Jan 2013
author: ABCNews
Vice President Joe Biden Sworn in for 2nd Term on 2013 Inauguration Day
Biden takes oath of office at the at the Naval Observatory.
- published: 20 Jan 2013
- views: 7548
- author: ABCNews
5:40
Joe Biden's Greatest Gaffes
This is a mostly complete summary of Joe Biden's greatest gaffes in the past four years. E...
published: 18 Aug 2012
author: RiotTurtleShield
Joe Biden's Greatest Gaffes
This is a mostly complete summary of Joe Biden's greatest gaffes in the past four years. Enjoy!
- published: 18 Aug 2012
- views: 156674
- author: RiotTurtleShield
3:27
David Letterman - Joe Biden Top Ten
Vice President Joe Biden presents the "Top Ten Good Things About Voting Early" from Novemb...
published: 02 Nov 2012
author: CBS
David Letterman - Joe Biden Top Ten
Vice President Joe Biden presents the "Top Ten Good Things About Voting Early" from November 1, 2012.
- published: 02 Nov 2012
- views: 62193
- author: CBS
6:21
Joe Biden Rips GOP On Iraq War Resolution
During debate on the binding Iraq-withdrawal bill that would require George W. Bush to wit...
published: 14 Mar 2007
author: bgeiger57
Joe Biden Rips GOP On Iraq War Resolution
During debate on the binding Iraq-withdrawal bill that would require George W. Bush to withdraw all US troops from Iraq within one year, Joe Biden rips Republicans for standing by Bush's horrible course.
- published: 14 Mar 2007
- views: 306638
- author: bgeiger57
3:24
Inauguration 2013: Joe Biden Proud to be Obama's Vice President
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch....
published: 21 Jan 2013
author: ABCNews
Inauguration 2013: Joe Biden Proud to be Obama's Vice President
Biden discusses America's enduring strength, gives toast to Obama at inaugural day lunch.
- published: 21 Jan 2013
- views: 4206
- author: ABCNews
7:47
Vice President Joe Biden's Story - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden Biography Video - 2012 Democrati...
published: 07 Sep 2012
author: BarackObamadotcom
Vice President Joe Biden's Story - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
Help build this campaign: OFA.BO Vice President Joe Biden Biography Video - 2012 Democratic National Convention Video
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 16203
- author: BarackObamadotcom
4:42
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks Biden get Angry
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks critical questions, Biden get Angry. This is the fi...
published: 26 Oct 2008
author: OnToDenver
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks Biden get Angry
Joe Biden Interview, Barbara West asks critical questions, Biden get Angry. This is the first time anyone in the media has gone after either Obama or Biden.
- published: 26 Oct 2008
- views: 37811
- author: OnToDenver
90:51
Full VP Debate - Joe Biden and Paul Ryan - Vice Presidential Debate Full
Watch the full Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. Follow our Electi...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: WSJDigitalNetwork
Full VP Debate - Joe Biden and Paul Ryan - Vice Presidential Debate Full
Watch the full Vice Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Paul Ryan. Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 21042
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
11:42
The Middle Class Hero of 2012: Joe Biden
The Changing Face of The American Empire: www.afroarticles.com ===========================...
published: 01 Jan 2013
author: politicalarticles
The Middle Class Hero of 2012: Joe Biden
The Changing Face of The American Empire: www.afroarticles.com =========================================== ** Visit PoliticalArticles.NET: www.politicalarticles.net ** Signup For Our Blog Newsletter and We'll Drop You a Line When New Articles Come Up: -- MAIN OPTION: tinyurl.com -- OTHER OPTIONS: tinyurl.com ** Like Us on FaceBook: goo.gl ** Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com ** Add Us To Your Circles In Google: goo.gl ** Racism, Prejudice & Hate: tinyurl.com ** Politics USA: goo.gl ** Points To Ponder: goo.gl ===========================================
- published: 01 Jan 2013
- views: 246
- author: politicalarticles
162:40
Joe Biden and Paul Ryan Vice Presidential Debate Coverage - 10/11/12 - Elections 2012
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Bid...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: TheNewYorkTimes
Joe Biden and Paul Ryan Vice Presidential Debate Coverage - 10/11/12 - Elections 2012
Debate pre- show overview. History of debates. Watching the debates with social media. Biden Ryan Vice Presidential Debate. Comprehensive Debate Fact Checking
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 36180
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Vimeo results:
7:43
"Interrupting Joe" - Biden Interruption Montage
How many times do YOU think the Vice President can interrupt someone speaking during the V...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: Ryan ONeil
"Interrupting Joe" - Biden Interruption Montage
How many times do YOU think the Vice President can interrupt someone speaking during the Vice Presidential Debate?
2:53
Vice President Joe Biden
VP Joe Biden shakes hands with the crowd at Wright State University...
published: 12 Sep 2012
author: David McMeans
Vice President Joe Biden
VP Joe Biden shakes hands with the crowd at Wright State University
18:19
Vice President Joe Biden
Biden's speech at the Global Entrepreneurship Summit, hosted in Istanbul, whose goal is to...
published: 04 Dec 2011
author: gbp
Vice President Joe Biden
Biden's speech at the Global Entrepreneurship Summit, hosted in Istanbul, whose goal is to promote entrepreneurship and facilitate innovation and private enterprise
2:49
Vice President Joe Biden
The American Dream has slipped away, Biden tells voters in Quincy, MA, in a visit to boost...
published: 01 Nov 2010
author: kunhardt photo
Vice President Joe Biden
The American Dream has slipped away, Biden tells voters in Quincy, MA, in a visit to boost support for a Democratic nominee for Congress. Video produced on deadline Oct. 30, 2010 for the Quincy Patriot Ledger.
Youtube results:
1:21
All Huffy, Joe Biden Stands By Rape Reference to GOP
Jason Mattera confronts Joe Biden on disgusting reference to rape if Republicans don't sup...
published: 19 Oct 2011
author: HumanEvents
All Huffy, Joe Biden Stands By Rape Reference to GOP
Jason Mattera confronts Joe Biden on disgusting reference to rape if Republicans don't support Obama's "jobs" bill
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 460206
- author: HumanEvents
38:41
Vice President Joe Biden at the 2012 Democratic National Convention
Vice President Joe Biden addresses the 2012 Democratic National Convention...
published: 07 Sep 2012
author: DemConvention2012
Vice President Joe Biden at the 2012 Democratic National Convention
Vice President Joe Biden addresses the 2012 Democratic National Convention
- published: 07 Sep 2012
- views: 18681
- author: DemConvention2012
4:44
Joe Biden's Greatest Hits!
Gotta love our vice president!...
published: 15 Aug 2012
author: HumanEvents
Joe Biden's Greatest Hits!
Gotta love our vice president!
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 136586
- author: HumanEvents
7:35
Vice Presidential Debate - Biden Attacks Romney's 47% Comment
The Vice Presidential debate moves to the topic of the national debt. Joe Biden addresses ...
published: 12 Oct 2012
author: WSJDigitalNetwork
Vice Presidential Debate - Biden Attacks Romney's 47% Comment
The Vice Presidential debate moves to the topic of the national debt. Joe Biden addresses the "47%" remarks from Mitt Romney. Paul Ryan refers to unemployment rate in Scranton, Pa. (Photo: AP) Follow our Election Coverage: www.youtube.com Subscribe to the WSJ Live YouTube Channel - www.youtube.com More WSJLive YouTube: www.youtube.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com WSJ: www.wsj.com
- published: 12 Oct 2012
- views: 7514
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
photo: AP / Mohammad Hannon
25 Jan 2013
Republicans wanted nothing more than to summon Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to Capitol Hill and grill her about the tragic fiasco in Benghazi. Sadly for them, they got their wish ... But when Sen ... Rand Paul, R-Ky., said he would have fired her had he been the president, she answered with an icy cut of her eyes that said ... These events are what critics should be pressing President Barack Obama and his foreign policy team about ... Benghazi....(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
24 Jan 2013
President Barack Obama's swearing-in ceremony for a second term reflects this truth, specifically as he uses two historic bibles-one belonging to Dr ... A letter written to a friend in 1864 summarized President Lincoln's theology ... Historically, President Lincoln believed empire building risked "liberty." ... Like President Lincoln, who said ... President Obama will face the Lincoln Memorial as he swears to uphold the U.S....(size: 7.3Kb)
photo: USAF / Tech. Sgt. Chad Chisholm
24 Jan 2013
‘The Bureau has alleged that since President Obama took office at least 50 civilians were killed in follow-up strikes when they had gone to help victims and more than 20 civilians have also been attacked in deliberate strikes on funerals and mourners ... This campaign group, formed as President Saleh’s regime weakened during the Arab Spring, campaigns for human rights, strong civil society and the rule of law in Yemen....(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: AP / Themba Hadebe
25 Jan 2013
Live text commentary as Zambia face Nigeria and Bukina Faso play Ethiopia in Group C of the Africa Cup of Nations. To get live updates & watch our video coverage you must enable Javascript. Watch My Cup of Nations - Daouda Diakite Watch My Cup of Nations - Jacob Mulenga. 25 January 2013 Share this page. print. Get involved. To get involved contact us in any of the following ways Send us a text ... Live Reporting. In Summary ... 1430. ... ....(size: 17.2Kb)
photo: US Army / Edward N. Johnson
25 Jan 2013
2012 Election Afghanistan Africa China Culture Daily Roundup Debt Crisis Economy Egypt Europe Foreign Policy From Fareed Global GPS Episodes GPS Show Innovation Iran Israel Libya Middle East Military Pakistan Politics President Obama Quiz Russia Syria Terrorism United Nations United States....(size: 15.8Kb)
Novosti
26 Jan 2013
MEXICO, January 26 (RIA Novosti) – Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez, recuperating in Cuba after surgery for cancer, has started an additional course of treatment, Vice President Nicolas Maduro said on Friday ... Chavez also gave Maduro several addresses to deliver, including one to the Venezuelan people, which the Vice President read out ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)
Daily Press
26 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Vice President Joe Biden took the Obama administration's case for gun control to the gun-friendly state of Virginia on Friday, part of a White House strategy to urge the public to pressure Congress into passing laws aimed at curbing firearms violence ... Joe Biden ... In a video released on Thursday, the vice president said that when it comes to self-protection, a shotgun is better than an assault rifle....(size: 12.0Kb)
Voa News
26 Jan 2013
Vice President Joe Biden traveled to the state of Virginia Friday to try to build public support for a series of gun control initiatives the White House has proposed ... Last month, President Obama appointed Biden to assemble recommendations on measures to prevent further gun violence after 20 children and six adults ......(size: 1.7Kb)
WorldNetDaily
26 Jan 2013
A caller informed Steyn that it was also “National Squirrel Appreciation Day,” prompting him to quip, “I did wonder why Joe Biden was wearing the dead pelt on his head.” ... Today marks the midpoint of the Obama presidency ... “As the president lays out his leftist liberal agenda,” said Hannity, “the GOP is insisting that the Senate pass a budget in exchange for the debt ceiling.”....(size: 5.0Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
26 Jan 2013
- With Congress set to launch a debate about stricter gun control measures next week, Vice President Joe Biden took the administration's sales pitch on the road Friday, citing "an obligation" to reduce gun violence ... "We cannot remain silent as a country," Biden said ... It was Biden's second event in as many days on guns ... Biden insisted that the ban, when it was in effect from 1994 until 2004, helped keep law enforcement safer....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
26 Jan 2013
— With Congress set to launch a debate over stricter gun control measures next week, Vice President Joe Biden took the administration's sales pitch on the road Friday, citing "an obligation to act" to reduce gun violence ... by the vice president that met with gun control advocates, law enforcement, local elected officials and gun owners groups....(size: 35.4Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
26 Jan 2013
... fundraising chip to raise campaign cash for the president’s reelection campaign ... This past summer, Dotcom claimed that vice president Joe Biden ordered the federal government to shut down his file-sharing site, although the government has long denied that Biden had anything to do with the raid....(size: 1.5Kb)
Daily Press
26 Jan 2013
Braves brothers. Uptons join forces in Atlanta. The Atlanta Braves acquired Chesapeake native Justin Upton in a seven-player trade with the Arizona Diamondbacks. Justin's brother B.J ... Arizona Diamondbacks. Biden visits Richmond Daily Press Eyewitness ... Vice President Joe Biden visited Richmond on Friday to discuss gun safety and "the administration's efforts to reduce gun violence" with other Obama administration officials and U.S. Sen ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
Newstrack India
26 Jan 2013
President Barack Obama on Friday named Deputy National Security Advisor Denis McDonough his new chief of staff, replacing outgoing Jack Lew ... In addition, Vice President Joe Biden's National Security Advisor Antony Blinken will take over the National Security Council post vacated by McDonough....(size: 3.3Kb)
WorldNetDaily
26 Jan 2013
A draft of Sen ... Writer David Codrea said he obtained a copy of the proposal before it was formally posted on the Library of Congress THOMAS database ... Read the proposed bill ... Mr ... Another video shows Vice President Joe Biden in a 2008 campaign speech in Virginia opposing gun control ... See the Biden video.. However, in 1989, as a senator, Biden introduced legislation for an assault weapons ban that was defeated but then revived by Feinstein....(size: 5.2Kb)
The Examiner
26 Jan 2013
They never spoke out in opposition to Ryan as a vice presidential candidate. They did speak out about how Representative Ryan's budget went against the Gospel message of Jesus and the effect it would have on the poor, the elderly and those with disabilities ... She was at the meeting Vice President Joe Biden held. She was at the White house when President Obama outlined his plan for sane and reasonable gun regulations ... Sr ... (Matthew 5.10) ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)
Detroit news
26 Jan 2013
President Barack Obama earlier this month announced a $500 million plan to tighten federal gun laws ... Vice President Joe Biden says the 2007 Virginia Tech shooting illustrates the importance of background checks for gun purchasers. Biden noted Friday that the student who shot and killed 32 people on the Blacksburg campus shouldn’t have been able to buy guns because of mental health issues....(size: 10.3Kb)
NZ Herald
26 Jan 2013
President Barack Obama has announced that his new chief of staff is longtime trusted aide Denis McDonough, whom the president described as a close friend unafraid to deliver straight talk. McDonough has been a longtime foreign policy adviser to the president and is popular among the White House staff ... Vice President Joe Biden's national security adviser, Tony Blinken, is taking over McDonough's post as deputy national security adviser....(size: 4.9Kb)
"Biden" redirects here. For other uses, see Biden (disambiguation).
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This article is part of a series on Joe Biden |
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Joseph Robinette "Joe" Biden, Jr. (pronunciation: /ˈdʒoʊsɨf rɒbɨˈnɛt ˈbaɪdən/; born November 20, 1942) is the 47th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President Barack Obama. A Democrat, he was a United States Senator from Delaware from January 3, 1973 until his resignation on January 15, 2009, following his election to the Vice Presidency.
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania and lived there for ten years before moving to Delaware. He became an attorney in 1969, and was elected to a county council in 1970. Biden was first elected to the Senate in 1972 and became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history. He was re-elected to the Senate six times, was the fourth most senior senator at the time of his resignation, and is the 15th-longest serving Senator in history. Biden was a long-time member and former chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. His strong advocacy helped bring about U.S. military assistance and intervention during the Bosnian War. He opposed the Gulf War in 1991. He voted in favor of the Iraq War Resolution in 2002, but later proposed resolutions to alter U.S. strategy there. He has also served as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, dealing with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties, and led creation of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act and Violence Against Women Act. He chaired the Judiciary Committee during the contentious U.S. Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas.
Biden unsuccessfully sought the Democratic presidential nomination in 1988 and 2008, both times dropping out early in the race. Barack Obama selected Biden to be the Democratic Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Biden is the first Roman Catholic and the first Delawarean to become Vice President of the United States. As Vice President, Biden has been heavily involved in Obama's decision-making process and held the oversight role for infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package aimed at counteracting the late-2000s recession. His ability to negotiate with Congressional Republicans played a key role in bringing about the bipartisan deals that resulted in the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 that resolved a taxation deadlock and the Budget Control Act of 2011 that resolved the United States debt ceiling crisis.
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Biden was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania,[1] the son of Joseph Robinette Biden, Sr. (1915–2002)[2] and Catherine Eugenia "Jean" (née Finnegan; 1917–2010).[3] He was the first of four siblings[1] in a Catholic family. His mother was of Irish descent, with roots in County Londonderry.[4][5][6] His paternal grandparents, Mary Elizabeth (Robinette) and Joseph H. Biden, an oil businessman from Baltimore, had English, Irish, and French ancestry.[7] He has two brothers, James Brian Biden and Francis W. Biden, and a sister, Valerie (Biden) Owens.[8] His maternal great-grandfather, Edward F. Blewitt, was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate.[9]
Biden's father had been very well-off earlier in his life, but had suffered several business reverses by the time Biden was born,[10] and for several years the family had to live with Biden's maternal grandparents, the Finnegans.[10] When the Scranton area went into economic decline during the 1950s, Biden's father could not find enough work.[11] In 1953, the Biden family moved to an apartment in Claymont, Delaware, where they lived for a few years before moving to a house in Wilmington, Delaware.[10] Joe Biden Sr. then did better as a used car salesman, and the family's circumstances were middle class.[10][11][12]
Biden attended the Archmere Academy in Claymont,[13] where he was a standout halfback/wide receiver on the high school football team; he helped lead a perennially losing team to an undefeated season in his senior year.[10][14] He played on the baseball team as well.[10] During these years, he participated in an anti-segregation sit-in at a Wilmington theatre.[15] Academically, Biden was undistinguished,[10] but he was a natural leader among the students.[16] He graduated in 1961.[13]
Biden attended the University of Delaware in Newark, where he was more interested in sports and socializing than in studying,[10] although his classmates were impressed by his cramming abilities.[15] He played halfback with the Blue Hens freshman football team,[14] but he dropped a junior year plan to play for the varsity team as a defensive back, enabling him to spend more time with his out-of-state girlfriend.[14][17] He double majored in history and political science and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1965,[1] ranking 506th of 688 in his class.[18]
He went on to receive his Juris Doctor from Syracuse University's College of Law in 1968,[19] where by his own description he found it to be "the biggest bore in the world" and pulled many all-nighters to get by.[15][20] During his first year there, he was accused of having plagiarized 5 of 15 pages of a law review article. Biden said it was inadvertent due to his not knowing the proper rules of citation, and he was permitted to retake the course after receiving a grade of F, which was subsequently dropped from his record.[20] He was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1969.[19]
Biden received five student draft deferments during this period, with the first coming in late 1963 and the last in early 1968, at the peak of the Vietnam War.[21] In April 1968, he was reclassified by the Selective Service System as not available for service due to having had asthma as a teenager.[21][22] Biden was not a part of the anti-Vietnam War movement; he would later say that at the time he was preoccupied with marriage and law school, and that he "wore sports coats ... not tie-dyed".[23]
Negative impressions of drinking alcohol in the Biden and Finnegan families and in the neighborhood led to Joe Biden becoming a teetotaler.[10][24] Biden suffered from stuttering through much of his childhood and into his twenties;[25] he overcame it via long hours spent reciting poetry in front of a mirror.[16]
Family and early political career[link]
On August 27, 1966, Biden, then a law student, married Neilia Hunter, who was from an affluent background in Skaneateles, New York and had attended Syracuse University.[1][10][26] They had met in 1964 while on spring break in the Bahamas, and he had overcome her parents' initial reluctance for her to be dating a Roman Catholic.[27] They had three children, Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III (born 1969), Robert Hunter (born 1970), and Naomi Christina (born 1971).[1]
In 1969, Biden began practicing law in Wilmington, Delaware, first as a public defender and then with his own firm, Biden and Walsh.[15] Corporate law, however, did not appeal to him and criminal law did not pay well.[10] He supplemented his income by managing properties.[28] He ran as a Democrat for the New Castle County Council on a liberal platform that included support for public housing in the suburban area.[15] He won by a solid margin in the usually Republican district,[15] and served from 1970 to 1972[19] while continuing his private law practice as well.[29]
His entry into the 1972 U.S. Senate election in Delaware presented Biden with a unique circumstance. Longtime Delaware political figure and Republican incumbent Senator J. Caleb Boggs was considering retirement, which would likely have left U.S. Representative Pete du Pont and Wilmington Mayor Harry G. Haskell, Jr. in a divisive primary fight. To avoid that, U.S. President Richard M. Nixon helped convince Boggs to run again with full party support.[30] No other Democrat wanted to run against Boggs.[15] Biden's campaign had virtually no money and was given no chance of winning.[10] It was managed by his sister Valerie Biden Owens (who would go on to manage his future campaigns as well) and staffed by other members of his family, and relied upon handed-out newsprint position papers and meeting voters face-to-face;[31] the small size of the state and lack of a major media market made the approach feasible.[28] Biden did receive some assistance from the AFL-CIO and Democratic pollster Patrick Caddell.[15] Biden's campaign issues focused on withdrawal from Vietnam, the environment, civil rights, mass transit, more equitable taxation, health care, the public's dissatisfaction with politics-as-usual, and "change".[15][31] During the summer Biden trailed by almost 30 percentage points,[15] but his energy level, his attractive young family, and his ability to connect with voters' emotions gave the surging Biden an advantage over the ready-to-retire Boggs.[12] Biden won the November 7, 1972 election in an upset by a margin of 3,162 votes.[31]
On December 18, 1972, a few weeks after the election, Biden's wife and one-year-old daughter were killed in an automobile accident while Christmas shopping in Hockessin, Delaware.[1] Neilia Biden's station wagon was hit by a tractor-trailer as she pulled out from an intersection; the truck driver was cleared of any wrongdoing.[32] Biden's two sons, Beau and Hunter, were critically injured in the accident, but both eventually made full recoveries.[1] Biden considered resigning to care for them;[12] he was persuaded not to by Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield and others and was sworn into office from one of their bedsides.[33] The accident left Biden filled with both anger and religious doubt: "I liked to [walk around seedy neighborhoods] at night when I thought there was a better chance of finding a fight ... I had not known I was capable of such rage ... I felt God had played a horrible trick on me."[34]
To be at home every day for his young sons,[35] Biden began the practice of commuting every day by Amtrak train for 1½ hours each way from his home in the Wilmington suburbs to Washington, D.C., which he continued to do throughout his Senate career.[12] In the aftermath of the accident, he had trouble focusing on work, and appeared to just go through the motions of being a senator. In his memoirs, Biden notes that staffers were taking bets on how long he would last.[26][36] A single father for five years, Biden left standing orders that he be interrupted in the Senate at any time if his sons called.[33] In remembrance of his wife and daughter, Biden does not work on December 18, the anniversary of the accident.[37] Biden's elder son, Beau, later became Delaware Attorney General and an Army Judge Advocate serving in Iraq;[38] his younger son, Hunter, became a Washington attorney and lobbyist.[39]
In 1975, Biden met Jill Tracy Jacobs, who grew up in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, and would become a teacher in Delaware.[40] They had met on a blind date with the help of Biden's brother, although it turned out that Biden had already noticed her in a local advertisement.[40] Biden would credit her with renewing his interest in both politics and life.[41] On June 17, 1977, Biden and Jacobs married.[1] They have one daughter, Ashley Blazer (born 1981),[1] who later became a social worker.[39] The Bidens are Roman Catholics and regularly attend Mass at St. Joseph on the Brandywine in Greenville, Delaware.[42]
United States Senator[link]
When Biden took office on January 3, 1973, at age 30 (the minimum age to become a U.S. Senator), he became the sixth-youngest senator in U.S. history.[44] In 1974, freshman Senator Biden was named one of the 200 Faces for the Future by Time magazine.[45]
Biden was subsequently elected to six additional terms, in the elections of 1978, 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, and 2008, usually getting about 60 percent of the vote.[46] He did not face strong opposition; Governor Pierre S. du Pont, IV chose not to run against him in 1984.[47] Biden spent 28 years as a junior senator due to the two-year seniority of his Republican colleague William V. Roth, Jr.. After Roth was defeated for re-election by Tom Carper in 2000, Biden became Delaware's senior senator. He then became the longest-serving senator in Delaware history.[48] In May 1999, Biden set the mark for youngest senator to cast 10,000 votes.[49]
In February 1988, after suffering from several episodes of increasingly severe neck pain, Biden was taken by long-distance ambulance to Walter Reed Army Medical Center and given lifesaving surgery to correct an intracranial berry aneurysm that had begun leaking;[50][51] the situation was serious enough that a priest had administered last rites at the hospital.[52] While recuperating, he suffered a pulmonary embolism, which represented a major complication.[51] Another operation to repair a second aneurysm, which had caused no symptoms but was also at risk from bursting, was performed in May 1988.[51][53] The hospitalization and recovery kept Biden from his duties in the U.S. Senate for seven months.[37] Biden has had no recurrences or effects from the aneurysms since then.[51]
Judiciary Committee[link]
Biden was a long-time member of the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which he chaired from 1987 until 1995 and on which he served as ranking minority member from 1981 until 1987 and again from 1995 until 1997. In this capacity, he dealt with issues related to drug policy, crime prevention, and civil liberties.
While chairman, Biden presided over the two most contentious U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings in history, those for Robert Bork in 1987 and Clarence Thomas in 1991.[12] In the Bork hearings, Biden stated his opposition to Bork soon after the nomination, reversing an approval in an interview of a hypothetical Bork nomination he had made the previous year and angering conservatives who thought he could not conduct the hearings dispassionately.[54] At the close, Biden won praise for conducting the proceedings fairly and with good humor and courage, as his 1988 presidential campaign collapsed in the middle of the hearings.[54][55] Rejecting some of the less intellectually honest arguments that other Bork opponents were making,[12] Biden framed his discussion around the belief that the U.S. Constitution provides rights to liberty and privacy that extend beyond those explicitly enumerated in the text, and that Bork's strong originalism was ideologically incompatible with that view.[55] Bork's nomination was rejected in the committee by a 9–5 vote,[55] and then rejected in the full Senate by a 58–42 margin.
In the Thomas hearings, Biden's questions on constitutional issues were often long and convoluted, sometimes such that Thomas forgot the question being asked.[56] Thomas later wrote that despite earlier private assurances from the senator, Biden's questions had been akin to a beanball.[57] The nomination came out of the committee without a recommendation, with Biden opposed.[12] In part due to his own bad experiences in 1987 with his presidential campaign, Biden was reluctant to let personal matters enter into the hearings.[56] Biden initially shared with committee, but not the public, Anita Hill's sexual harassment charges, on the grounds she was not yet willing to testify.[12] After she did, Biden did not permit other witnesses to testify further on her behalf, such as Angela Wright (who made a similar charge) and experts on harassment.[58] Biden said he was striving to preserve Thomas's right to privacy and the decency of the hearings.[56][58] The nomination was approved by a 52–48 vote in the full Senate, with Biden again opposed.[12] During and afterwards, Biden was strongly criticized by liberal legal groups and women's groups for having mishandled the hearings and having not done enough to support Hill.[58] Biden subsequently sought out women to serve on the Judiciary Committee and emphasized women's issues in the committee's legislative agenda.[12]
Biden was involved in crafting many federal crime laws. In 1984, he was Democratic floor manager for the successful passage of the Comprehensive Crime Control Act; civil libertarians praised him for modifying some of the Act's provisions, and it was his most important legislative accomplishment at that point in time.[47] He later spearheaded the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, also known as the Biden Crime Law, and the landmark Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA), which contains a broad array of measures to combat domestic violence and provides billions of dollars in federal funds to address gender-based crimes. In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Morrison that the section of VAWA allowing a federal civil remedy for victims of gender-motivated violence exceeded Congress's authority and therefore was unconstitutional.[59] Congress reauthorized VAWA in 2000 and 2005.[60] Biden has said, "I consider the Violence Against Women Act the single most significant legislation that I’ve crafted during my 35-year tenure in the Senate."[61] In 2004 and 2005, Biden enlisted major American technology companies in diagnosing the problems of the Austin, Texas-based National Domestic Violence Hotline, and to donate equipment and expertise to it in a successful effort to improve its services.[62][63]
Biden was critical of the actions of Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr during the 1990s Whitewater controversy and Lewinsky scandal investigations, and said "it's going to be a cold day in hell" before another Independent Counsel is granted the same powers.[64] Biden voted to acquit on both charges during the impeachment of President Clinton.
As chairman of the International Narcotics Control Caucus, Biden wrote the laws that created the U.S. "Drug Czar", who oversees and coordinates national drug control policy. In April 2003, he introduced the controversial Reducing Americans' Vulnerability to Ecstasy Act, also known as the RAVE Act. He continued to work to stop the spread of "date rape drugs" such as flunitrazepam, and drugs such as Ecstasy and Ketamine. In 2004, he worked to pass a bill outlawing steroids like androstenedione, the drug used by many baseball players.[12]
Biden's legislation to promote college aid and loan programs allows families to deduct on their annual income tax returns up to $10,000 per year in higher education expenses. His "Kids 2000" legislation established a public/private partnership to provide computer centers, teachers, Internet access, and technical training to young people, particularly to low-income and at-risk youth.[65]
Foreign Relations Committee[link]
Biden was also a long-time member of the U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. In 1997, he became the ranking minority member and chaired the committee in January 2001 and from June 2001 through 2003. When Democrats re-took control of the Senate following the 2006 elections, Biden again assumed the top spot on the committee in 2007.[66] Biden was generally a liberal internationalist in foreign policy.[67][68] He collaborated effectively with important Republican Senate figures such as Richard Lugar and Jesse Helms and sometimes went against elements of his own party.[66][67] Biden was also co-chair of the NATO Observer Group in the Senate.[69] A partial list covering this time showed Biden meeting with some 150 leaders from nearly 60 countries and international organizations.[70] Biden held frequent hearings as chair of the committee, as well as holding many subcommittee hearings during the three times he chaired the Subcommittee on European Affairs.[68]
During his first decade in the Senate, Biden focused on arms control issues.[68][71] In response to the refusal of the U.S. Congress to ratify the SALT II Treaty signed in 1979 by Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev and President Jimmy Carter, Biden took the initiative to meet the Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, educated him about American concerns and interests, and secured several changes to address objections of the Foreign Relations Committee.[72] When the Reagan administration wanted to interpret the 1972 SALT I Treaty loosely in order to allow the Strategic Defense Initiative to proceed, Biden argued for strict adherence to the treaty's terms.[68] Biden clashed again with the Reagan administration in 1986 over economic sanctions against South Africa, leading to a heated exchange between the senator and Secretary of State George P. Shultz.[71]
Biden became interested in the Yugoslav Wars after hearing about Serbian abuses during the Croatian War of Independence in 1991.[68] Once the Bosnian War broke out, Biden was among the first to call for the "lift and strike" policy of lifting the arms embargo, training Bosnian Muslims and supporting them with NATO air strikes, and investigating war crimes.[66][68] Both the George H. W. Bush administration and Clinton administration were reluctant to implement the policy, fearing Balkan entanglement.[67][68] In April 2003, Biden spent a week in the Balkans and held a tense three-hour meeting with Serbian leader Slobodan Milošević.[73] Biden related that he told Milošević, "I think you're a damn war criminal and you should be tried as one."[73] Biden wrote an amendment in 1992 to compel the Bush administration to arm the Bosnians, but deferred in 1994 to a somewhat softer stance preferred by the Clinton administration, before signing on the following year to a stronger measure sponsored by Bob Dole and Joe Lieberman.[73] The 1995 NATO bombing campaign in Bosnia and Herzegovina then led to the Dayton Agreement and a successful NATO peacekeeping effort.[68] Biden has called his role in affecting Balkans policy in the mid-1990s his "proudest moment in public life" that related to foreign policy.[67] In 1999, during the Kosovo War, Biden supported the NATO bombing campaign against Serbia and Montenegro,[68] and co-sponsored with his friend John McCain the McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, which called on President Clinton to use all necessary force, including ground troops, to confront Milosevic over Serbian actions in Kosovo.[67][74] In 1998, Congressional Quarterly named Biden one of "Twelve Who Made a Difference" for playing a lead role in several foreign policy matters, including NATO enlargement and the successful passage of bills to streamline foreign affairs agencies and punish religious persecution overseas.[49]
Biden had voted against authorization for the Gulf War in 1991,[67] siding with 45 of the 55 Democratic senators; he said the U.S. was bearing almost all the burden in the anti-Iraq coalition.[75] Biden was a strong supporter of the 2001 war in Afghanistan, saying "Whatever it takes, we should do it."[76] Regarding Iraq, Biden stated in 2002 that Saddam Hussein was a threat to national security, and that there was no option but to eliminate that threat.[77] The Bush administration rejected an effort Biden undertook with Senator Richard Lugar to pass a resolution authorizing military action only after the exhaustion of diplomatic efforts. In October 2002, Biden voted in favor of the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, justifying the Iraq War.[67] While he soon became a critic of the war and viewed his vote as a "mistake", he did not push to require a U.S. withdrawal.[67][73] He supported the appropriations to pay for the occupation, but argued repeatedly that the war should be internationalized, that more soldiers were needed, and that the Bush administration should "level with the American people" about the cost and length of the conflict.[66][74]
By late 2006, Biden's stance had shifted, and he opposed the troop surge of 2007,[67][73] saying General David Petraeus was "dead, flat wrong" in believing the surge could work.[76] Biden was instead a leading advocate for dividing Iraq into a loose federation of three ethnic states.[78] In November 2006, Biden and Leslie H. Gelb, President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations, released a comprehensive strategy to end sectarian violence in Iraq.[79] Rather than continuing the present approach or withdrawing, the plan called for "a third way": federalizing Iraq and giving Kurds, Shiites, and Sunnis "breathing room" in their own regions.[80] In September 2007, a non-binding resolution passed the Senate endorsing such a scheme.[79] However, the idea was unfamiliar, had no political constituency, and failed to gain traction.[76] Iraq’s political leadership united in denouncing the resolution as a de facto partitioning of the country, and the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad issued a statement distancing itself.[79]
In March 2004, Biden secured the brief release of Libyan democracy activist and political prisoner Fathi Eljahmi, after meeting with leader Muammar Gaddafi in Tripoli.[81][82] In May 2008, Biden sharply criticized President George W. Bush for his speech to Israel's Knesset in which he suggested that some Democrats were acting in the same way some Western leaders did when they appeased Hitler in the runup to World War II. Biden stated: "This is bullshit. This is malarkey. This is outrageous. Outrageous for the president of the United States to go to a foreign country, sit in the Knesset ... and make this kind of ridiculous statement." Biden later apologized for using the expletive. Biden further stated, "Since when does this administration think that if you sit down, you have to eliminate the word 'no' from your vocabulary?"[83]
Delaware matters[link]
Biden was a familiar figure to his Delaware constituency, by virtue of his daily train commuting from there,[12] and generally sought to attend to state needs.[46] Biden was a strong supporter of increased Amtrak funding and rail security;[46] he hosted barbecues and an annual Christmas dinner for the Amtrak crews, and they would sometimes hold the last train of the night a few minutes so he could catch it.[28][46] (He earned the nickname "Amtrak Joe" as a result, and in 2011, Amtrak's Wilmington Station was named the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Railroad Station, in honor of the over 7,000 trips he made from there.[84][85]) He was an advocate for Delaware military installations, including Dover Air Force Base and New Castle Air National Guard Base.[86]
In 1975, Biden broke from liberal orthodoxy when he took legislative action to limit desegregation busing.[47] In doing so, he said busing was a "bankrupt idea [that violated] the cardinal rule of common sense," and that his opposition would make it easier for other liberals to follow suit.[47] Three years later, Wilmington's federally-mandated cross-district busing plan generated much turmoil, and in trying to legislate a compromise solution Biden found himself alienating both black and white voters for a while.[87]
Since 1991, Biden has served as an adjunct professor at the Widener University School of Law, Delaware's only law school, where he has taught a seminar on constitutional law.[88][89] The seminar has been one of Widener's most popular, often with a waiting list for enrollment.[89] Biden has typically co-taught the course with another professor, taking on at least half the course minutes and sometimes flying back from overseas to make one of the classes.[90][91]
Biden was a sponsor of bankruptcy legislation during the 2000s, which was sought by MBNA, one of Delaware's largest companies, and other credit card issuers.[12] Biden fought for certain amendments to the bill that would indirectly protect homeowners and forbid anti-abortion felons from using bankruptcy to discharge fines; the overall bill was vetoed by Bill Clinton in 2000 but then finally passed as the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act in 2005, with Biden supporting.[12] The downstate Sussex County region is the nation's top chicken-producing area, and Biden held up trade agreements with Russia when that country stopped importing U.S. chickens.[46]
In 2007, Biden requested and gained $67 million worth of projects for his constituents through congressional earmarks.[92]
Biden sits on the board of advisors of the Close Up Foundation, which brings high school students to Washington for interaction with legislators on Capitol Hill.[93]
Characteristics as senator[link]
With a net worth between $59,000 and $366,000, and almost no outside income or investment income, he was consistently ranked as one of the least wealthy members of the Senate.[94][95][96] Biden stated that he was listed as the second poorest member in Congress, a distinction that he was not proud of, but attributed to being elected early in his career.[97] Biden realized early in his senatorial career how vulnerable poorer public officials are to offers of financial contributions in exchange for policy support, and he pushed campaign finance reform measures during his first term.[47]
During his years as a senator, Biden amassed a reputation for loquaciousness,[98][99][100] with his questions and remarks during Senate hearings being especially known for being long-winded.[101][102] He has been a strong speaker and debater and a frequent and effective guest on the Sunday morning talk shows.[102] In public appearances, he is known to deviate from prepared remarks at will.[103] According to political analyst Mark Halperin, he has shown "a persistent tendency to say silly, offensive, and off-putting things";[102] The New York Times writes that Biden's "weak filters make him capable of blurting out pretty much anything".[100] Nor is Biden known for modesty; journalist James Traub has written that "Biden’s vanity and his regard for his own gifts seem considerable even by the rarefied standards of the U.S. Senate."[76]
Political writer Howard Fineman has said that, "Biden is not an academic, he’s not a theoretical thinker, he’s a great street pol. He comes from a long line of working people in Scranton—auto salesmen, car dealers, people who know how to make a sale. He has that great Irish gift."[28] Political columnist David S. Broder has viewed Biden as having grown since he came to Washington and since his failed 1988 presidential bid: "He responds to real people—that’s been consistent throughout. And his ability to understand himself and deal with other politicians has gotten much much better."[28] Traub concludes that "Biden is the kind of fundamentally happy person who can be as generous toward others as he is to himself."[76]
Final year[link]
After ending his second presidential bid in January 2008, Biden focused instead on running for a seventh Senate term against Republican Christine O'Donnell. In late August 2008, he was picked by Obama to be his running mate. Biden nevertheless continued to run for Senate re-election as well as Vice President,[104] as permitted by Delaware state law.[46] On November 4, 2008, Biden was re-elected as senator, in addition to winning the vice presidency.[105]
Having won both races, Biden made a point of holding off his resignation from the Senate so that he could be sworn in for his seventh term on January 6, 2009.[106] He became the youngest senator ever to be sworn in for a seventh full term, and said, "In all my life, the greatest honor bestowed upon me has been serving the people of Delaware as their United States senator."[106] Biden cast his last Senate vote on January 15, supporting the release of the second $350 billion for the Troubled Asset Relief Program.[107] Biden resigned from the Senate later that day; in emotional farewell remarks on the Senate floor, where he had spent most of his adult life, Biden said, "Every good thing I have seen happen here, every bold step taken in the 36-plus years I have been here, came not from the application of pressure by interest groups, but through the maturation of personal relationships."[108]
Delaware's Democratic governor, Ruth Ann Minner, announced on November 24, 2008, that she would appoint Biden's longtime senior adviser Ted Kaufman to succeed Biden in the Senate.[109] Kaufman said he would only serve two years, until Delaware's special senate election in 2010.[109] Biden's son Beau ruled himself out of the 2008 selection process due to his impending tour in Iraq with the Delaware Army National Guard.[110] He was a possible candidate for the 2010 special election, but in early 2010 said he would not run for the seat.[111]
Political positions[link]
Main article: Political positions of Joe Biden
A method that political scientists use for gauging ideology is to compare the annual ratings by the Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) with the ratings by the American Conservative Union (ACU).[112] Biden has a lifetime liberal 72 percent score from the ADA through 2004, while the ACU awarded Biden a lifetime conservative rating of 13 percent through 2008.[113] Using another metric, Biden has a lifetime average liberal score of 77.5 percent, according to a National Journal analysis that places him ideologically among the center of Senate Democrats.[114] The Almanac of American Politics rates congressional votes as liberal or conservative on the political spectrum, in three policy areas: economic, social, and foreign. For 2005–2006, Biden's average ratings were as follows: the economic rating was 80 percent liberal and 13 percent conservative, the social rating was 78 percent liberal and 18 percent conservative, and the foreign rating was 71 percent liberal and 25 percent conservative.[115] This has not changed much over time; his liberal ratings in the mid-1980s were also in the 70–80 percent range.[47]
Various advocacy groups have given Biden scores or grades as to how well his votes align with the positions of each group. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) gives him an 86 percent lifetime score, with a 91 percent score for the 110th Congress.[116] Biden received a 91 percent voting record from the National Education Association (NEA) showing a pro-teacher union voting record.[117] Biden opposes drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and supports governmental funding to find new energy sources.[118] Biden believes action must be taken on global warming. He co-sponsored the Sense of the Senate resolution calling on the United States to be a part of the United Nations climate negotiations and the Boxer-Sanders Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act, the most stringent climate bill in the United States Senate.[119] Biden cites high health care and energy costs as two major threats to the prosperity of American businesses, and believes that addressing these issues will improve American economic competitiveness. Biden was given a 100 percent approval rating from AFL-CIO indicating a heavily pro-union voting record. Biden is opposed to the privatization of Social Security and was given an 89 percent approval rating from the Alliance for Retired Americans (ARA), an organization of retired union members.
Presidential campaigns[link]
Biden has twice run for the Democratic nomination for President, first in 1988, and again in 2008. He first considered running in 1984, after he gained notice for giving speeches to party audiences that simultaneously scolded and encouraged Democrats.[120] He chose not to run in 1992 in part because he had voted against the resolution authorizing the Gulf War.[46] He considered joining the Democratic field of candidates for the 2004 presidential race but in August 2003 decided otherwise, saying he did not have enough time and any attempt would be too much of a long shot.[121] In May 2004, Biden urged Republican Senator John McCain to run as vice president with presumptive Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry, saying the cross-party ticket would help heal the "vicious rift" in U.S. politics.[122] During this time, Biden was also widely discussed as a possible Secretary of State in a Democratic administration.[123]
1988[link]
Main article: Joe Biden presidential campaign, 1988
File:BidenCampaignButton1988.jpeg
Biden's 1988 campaign logo
In 1987, Biden ran as a Democratic presidential candidate, formally declaring his candidacy at the Wilmington train station on June 9, 1987.[124] When the campaign began, Biden was considered a potentially strong candidate because of his moderate image, his speaking ability on the stump, his appeal to Baby Boomers, his high profile position as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the upcoming Robert Bork Supreme Court nomination hearings, and his fundraising appeal.[125][126] He raised $1.7 million in the first quarter of 1987, more than any other candidate.[125][126] Biden received considerable attention in the summer of 1986 when he excoriated Secretary of State George P. Shultz at a Senate hearing because of the Reagan administration's support of South Africa, which continued to practice the apartheid system.[127]
By August 1987, Biden's campaign, whose messaging was confused due to staff rivalries,[128] had begun to lag behind those of Michael Dukakis and Dick Gephardt,[125] although he had still raised more funds than all candidates but Dukakis, and was seeing an upturn in Iowa polls.[126][129] In September 1987, the campaign ran into trouble when he was accused of plagiarizing a speech that had been made by Neil Kinnock, leader of the British Labour Party.[130] Kinnock’s speech included the lines:
"Why am I the first Kinnock in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? [Then pointing to his wife in the audience] Why is Glenys the first woman in her family in a thousand generations to be able to get to university? Was it because all our predecessors were thick?"
While Biden’s speech included the lines:
"I started thinking as I was coming over here, why is it that Joe Biden is the first in his family ever to go to a university? [Then pointing to his wife in the audience] Why is it that my wife who is sitting out there in the audience is the first in her family to ever go to college? Is it because our fathers and mothers were not bright? Is it because I'm the first Biden in a thousand generations to get a college and a graduate degree that I was smarter than the rest?"
Though Biden had cited Kinnock as the source for the formulation many times before, he made no reference to the original source at the August 23 Iowa State Fair debate in question or in another appearance.[131][132] While political speeches often appropriate ideas and language from each other, Biden's use came under more scrutiny because he somewhat distorted his own family's background to match Kinnock's.[12][132]
A few days later, Biden's plagiarism incident in law school came to public light.[20] It was also revealed that when earlier questioned by a New Hampshire resident about his grades in law school, Biden had falsely stated that he had graduated in the "top half" of his class, that he had attended law school on a full scholarship, and that he had received three degrees in college. He had in fact earned a single B.A. with a double major in history and political science, had received a half scholarship to law school based on financial need with some additional assistance based in part upon academics, and had graduated 76th of 85 in his law school class.[133]
The Kinnock and school revelations were magnified by the limited amount of other news about the nomination race at the time,[134] when most of the public were not yet paying attention to any of the campaigns; Biden thus fell into what The Washington Post writer Paul Taylor described as that year's trend, a "trial by media ordeal".[135] Biden lacked a strong demographic or political group of support to help him survive the crisis.[129][136] He withdrew from the nomination race on September 23, 1987, saying his candidacy had been overrun by "the exaggerated shadow" of his past mistakes.[137] After Biden withdrew from the race, it was revealed that the Dukakis campaign had secretly made a video highlighting the Biden–Kinnock comparison and distributed it to news outlets.[138] Also later in 1987, the Delaware Supreme Court's Board of Professional Responsibility cleared Biden of the law school plagiarism charges regarding his standing as a lawyer, saying Biden had "not violated any rules".[139]
2008[link]
Main article: Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2008
File:Joe Biden Presidential Campaign Logo 08.svg
Biden's 2008 campaign logo
Biden declared his candidacy for president on January 31, 2007, although he had discussed running for months prior,[140] and first made a formal announcement to Tim Russert on Meet the Press on January 7, stating he would "be the best Biden I can be."[141] In January 2006, Delaware newspaper columnist Harry F. Themal wrote that Biden "occupies the sensible center of the Democratic Party."[142] Themal concludes that this is the position Biden desires, and that in a campaign "he plans to stress the dangers to the security of the average American, not just from the terrorist threat, but from the lack of health assistance, crime, and energy dependence on unstable parts of the world."[142]
During his campaign, Biden focused on the war in Iraq and his support for the implementation of the Biden-Gelb plan to achieve political success. He touted his record in the Senate as the head of major congressional committees and his experience on foreign policy. Despite speculation to the contrary,[143] Biden rejected the notion of accepting the position of Secretary of State, focusing only on the presidency. At a 2007 campaign event, Biden said, "I know a lot of my opponents out there say I'd be a great Secretary of State. Seriously, every one of them. Do you watch any of the debates? 'Joe's right, Joe's right, Joe's right.'"[144] Other candidates' comments that "Joe is right" in the Democratic debates were converted into a Biden campaign theme and ad.[145] In mid-2007, Biden stressed his foreign policy expertise compared to Obama's, saying of the latter, "I think he can be ready, but right now I don't believe he is. The presidency is not something that lends itself to on-the-job training."[146] Biden also said that Obama was copying some of his foreign policy ideas.[76] Biden was noted for his one-liners on the campaign trail, saying of Republican then-frontrunner Rudy Giuliani at the October 30, 2007, debate in Philadelphia, "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11."[147] Overall, Biden's debate performances were an effective mixture of humor and sharp and surprisingly disciplined comments.[148]
Biden made remarks during the campaign that attracted controversy. On the day of his January 2007 announcement, he spoke of fellow Democratic candidate and Senator Barack Obama: "I mean, you got the first mainstream African-American who is articulate and bright and clean and a nice-looking guy, I mean, that's a storybook, man."[149] This comment undermined his campaign as soon as it began and significantly damaged his fund-raising capabilities;[148] it later took second place on Time magazine's list of Top 10 Campaign Gaffes for 2007.[150] Biden had earlier been criticized in July 2006 for a remark he made about his support among Indian Americans: "I've had a great relationship. In Delaware, the largest growth in population is Indian-Americans moving from India. You cannot go to a 7-Eleven or a Dunkin' Donuts unless you have a slight Indian accent. I'm not joking."[151] Biden later said the remark was not intended to be derogatory.[151][152]
Overall, Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton;[153] he never rose above single digits in the national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the initial contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates.[154] Biden withdrew from the race that evening, saying "There is nothing sad about tonight.... I feel no regret."[155]
Despite the lack of success, Biden's stature in the political world rose as the result of his campaign.[148] In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although the two had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close, with Biden having resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom[76][156] and Obama having viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing.[157] Now, having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaigning style and appeal to working class voters, and Biden was convinced that Obama was "the real deal".[156][157]
2008 vice-presidential candidacy[link]
Main articles: Barack Obama presidential campaign, 2008 and Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential candidates, 2008
Since shortly following Biden's withdrawal from the presidential race, Obama had been privately telling Biden that he was interested in finding an important place for him in a possible Obama administration.[158] Biden declined Obama's first request to vet him for the vice presidential slot, fearing the vice presidency would represent a loss in status and voice from his senate position, but subsequently changed his mind.[76][159] In a June 22, 2008, interview on NBC's Meet the Press, Biden confirmed that, although he was not actively seeking a spot on the ticket, he would accept the vice presidential nomination if offered.[160] In early August, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss a possible vice-presidential relationship,[158] and the two hit it off well personally.[156] On August 22, 2008, Barack Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate.[161][162] The New York Times reported that the strategy behind the choice reflected a desire to fill out the ticket with someone who has foreign policy and national security experience—and not to help the ticket win a swing state or to emphasize Obama's "change" message.[163] Other observers pointed out Biden's appeal to middle class and blue-collar voters, as well as his willingness to aggressively challenge Republican nominee John McCain in a way that Obama seemed uncomfortable doing at times.[164][165] In accepting Obama's offer, Biden ruled out to him the possibility of running for president again in 2016[158] (although comments by Biden in subsequent years seemed to back off that stance, with Biden not wanting to diminish his political power by appearing uninterested in advancement).[166][167][168]
After his selection as a vice presidential candidate, Biden was criticized by his own Roman Catholic Diocese of Wilmington Bishop Michael Saltarelli over his stance on abortion, which goes against the church's pro-life beliefs and teachings.[169] The diocese confirmed that even if elected vice president, Biden would not be allowed to speak at Catholic schools.[170] Biden was soon barred from receiving Holy Communion by the bishop of his original hometown of Scranton, Pennsylvania, because of his support for abortion rights;[171] however, Biden did continue to receive Communion at his local Delaware parish.[170] Scranton became a flash point in the competition for swing state Catholic voters between the Democratic campaign and liberal Catholic groups, who stressed that other social issues should be considered as much or more than abortion, and many bishops and conservative Catholics, who maintained abortion was paramount.[172] Biden said he believed that life began at conception but that he would not impose his personal religious views on others.[173] Bishop Saltarelli had previously stated regarding stances similar to Biden's: "No one today would accept this statement from any public servant: ‘I am personally opposed to human slavery and racism but will not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.’ Likewise, none of us should accept this statement from any public servant: ‘I am personally opposed to abortion but will not impose my personal conviction in the legislative arena.'"[170]
Biden's vice presidential campaigning gained little media visibility, as far greater press attention was focused on the Republican running mate, Alaskan Governor Sarah Palin.[100][174] During one week in September 2008, for instance, the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism found that Biden was only included in five percent of the news coverage of the race, far less than for the other three candidates on the tickets.[175] Biden nevertheless focused on campaigning in economically challenged areas of swing states and trying to win over blue-collar Democrats, especially those who had supported Hillary Rodham Clinton.[76][100] Biden attacked McCain heavily, despite a long-standing personal friendship; he would say, "That guy I used to know, he’s gone. It literally saddens me."[100] As the financial crisis of 2007–2010 reached a peak with the liquidity crisis of September 2008 and the proposed bailout of United States financial system became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted in favor of the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which passed the Senate 74–25.[176]
On October 2, 2008, Biden participated in the campaign's one vice presidential debate with Palin. Polling from CNN, Fox and CBS found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had won the debate overall.[177][178][179] On October 5, Biden suspended campaign events for a few days after the death of his mother-in-law.[180] During the final days of the campaign, Biden focused on less-populated, older, less well-off areas of battleground states, especially in Florida, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, where polling indicated he was popular and where Obama had not campaigned or performed well in the Democratic primaries.[181][182][183] He also campaigned in some normally Republican states, as well as in areas with large Catholic populations.[183]
Under instructions from the Obama campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid off-hand remarks, such as one about Obama being tested by a foreign power soon after taking office, which had attracted negative attention.[181][182] Privately, Obama was frustrated by Biden's remarks, saying "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?"[184] Obama campaign staffers referred to Biden blunders as "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which in turn irked Biden.[168] Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized on a call to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership.[184] Publicly, Obama strategist David Axelrod said that any unexpected comments had been outweighed by Biden's high popularity ratings.[185] Nationally, Biden had a 60 percent favorability rating in a Pew Research Center poll, compared to Palin's 44 percent.[181]
On November 4, 2008, Obama was elected President and Biden Vice President of the United States.[186] The Obama-Biden ticket won 365 Electoral College votes to McCain-Palin's 173,[187] and had a 53–46 percent edge in the nationwide popular vote.[188]
Vice Presidency[link]
Biden became the 47th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 2009, when he was inaugurated alongside President Barack Obama. He succeeded Dick Cheney. Biden is the first United States Vice President from Delaware[189] and the first Roman Catholic to attain that office.[190] Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens administered the oath of office to Biden.[191]
As Biden headed to Delaware's Return Day tradition following the November 2008 election, and the transition process to an Obama administration began, Biden said he was in daily meetings with Obama and that McCain was still his friend.[192] The U.S. Secret Service codename given to Biden is "Celtic", referencing his Irish roots.[193]
Biden chose veteran Democratic lawyer and aide Ron Klain to be his vice-presidential chief of staff,[194] and Time Washington bureau chief Jay Carney to be his director of communications.[195] Biden intended to eliminate some of the explicit roles assumed by the vice presidency of Cheney,[196] who had established himself as an autonomous power center.[76] Otherwise, Biden said he would not model his vice presidency on any of the ones before him, but instead would seek to provide advice and counsel on every critical decision Obama would make.[197] Biden said he had been closely involved in all the cabinet appointments that were made during the transition.[197] Biden was also named to head the new White House Task Force on Working Families, an initiative aimed at improving the economic well being of the middle class.[198] As his last act as Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Biden went on a trip to Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan during the second week of January 2009, meeting with the leadership of those countries.[199]
In the early months of the Obama administration, Biden assumed the role of an important behind-the-scenes counselor.[200] One role was to adjudicate disputes between Obama's "team of rivals".[76] The president compared Biden's efforts to a basketball player "who does a bunch of things that don’t show up in the stat sheet."[200] Biden played a key role in gaining Senate support for several major pieces of Obama legislation, and was a main factor in convincing Senator Arlen Specter to switch from the Republican to Democratic party.[159] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton regarding his opposition to sending 21,000 new troops to the war in Afghanistan.[201][202] His skeptical voice was still considered valuable within the administration,[159] however, and later in 2009 Biden's views achieved more prominence within the White House as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy.[203] Biden made visits to Iraq about once every two months,[76] including trips to Baghdad in August and September 2009 to listen to Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki and reiterate U.S. stances on Iraq's future;[204] by this time he had become the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress in the country.[159] Biden's January 2010 visit to Iraq in the midst of turmoil over banned candidates from the upcoming Iraqi parliamentary election resulted in 59 of the several hundred candidates being reinstated by the Iraqi government two days later.[205] Biden was in charge of the oversight role for infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession, and stressed that only worthy projects should get funding.[206] During this period, Biden was satisfied that no major instances of waste or corruption had occurred[159] (and when he gave up the role in February 2011, he said that the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent).[207]
It took some time for the cautious Obama and the blunt, rambling Biden to work out ways of dealing with each other.[168] In late April 2009, Biden's off-message response to a question during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, that he would advise family members against travelling on airplanes or subways, led to a swift retraction from the White House.[208] The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes,[209] and led to a spate of late-night television jokes themed on him being a loose-talking buffoon.[203][210][211] In the face of persistently rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was" but maintained confidence that the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up.[212] The same month, Secretary of State Clinton quickly disavowed Biden's remarks disparaging Russia as a power, but despite any missteps, Biden still retained Obama's confidence and was increasingly influential within the administration.[213] On March 23, 2010, a microphone picked up Biden telling the president that his signing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" during live national news telecasts. White House press secretary Robert Gibbs replied via Twitter "And yes Mr. Vice President, you're right..."[214] Senior Obama advisor Valerie Jarrett said that Biden's loose talk "[is] part of what makes the vice president so endearing ... We wouldn't change him one bit."[213] Former Senate colleague Lindsey Graham said, "If there were no gaffes, there'd be no Joe. He's someone you can't help but like."[203] Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed something of a friendship, partly based around an Obama daughter and a Biden granddaughter attending Sidwell Friends School together.[168]
Biden's most important role within the administration has been to question assumptions and playing a contrarian role.[76][203] Obama said that, "The best thing about Joe is that when we get everybody together, he really forces people to think and defend their positions, to look at things from every angle, and that is very valuable for me."[159] Another senior Obama advisor said Biden "is always prepared to be the skunk at the family picnic to make sure we are as intellectually honest as possible."[159] On June 11, 2010, Biden represented the United States at the opening ceremony of the World Cup, attended the England v. U.S. game which was tied 1–1, and visited Egypt, Kenya, and South Africa.[216] Throughout, Joe and Jill Biden maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining some of their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware.[217]
Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of general predictions of large-scale losses for the party.[218] In October 2010, Biden stated that Obama had asked him to remain as his running mate for the 2012 presidential election.[218] Following large-scale Republican gains in the elections and the departure of White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important.[219][220] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty.[219][220] In December 2010, Biden's advocacy within the White House for a middle ground, followed by his direct negotiations with Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that revolved around a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts.[220][221] Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress,[220][222] which was passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.
In March 2011, Obama detailed Biden to lead negotiations between both houses of Congress and the White House in resolving federal spending levels for the rest of the year and avoid a government shutdown.[224] By May 2011, a "Biden panel" with six congressional members was trying to reach a bipartisan deal on raising the U.S. debt ceiling as part of an overall deficit reduction plan.[225][226] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next couple of months, but it was again Biden's relationship with McConnell that proved to be a key factor in breaking a deadlock and finally bringing about a bipartisan deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day that an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed.[223][227][228] Biden had spent the most time bargaining with Congress on the debt question of anyone in the administration,[227] and one Republican staffer said, "Biden’s the only guy with real negotiating authority, and [McConnell] knows that his word is good. He was a key to the deal."[223]
Biden's May 2012 statement that he was "absolutely comfortable" with same-sex marriage gained considerable public attention in comparison to President Obama's position, which had been described as "evolving".[229] Biden made his statement without administration consent, and Obama aides were irked.[230][168] Gay rights advocates seized upon the Biden stance,[230] and within days, Obama announced that he too supported same-sex marriage, an action in part forced by Biden's unexpected remarks.[231] Biden privately apologized to Obama for having spoken out, while Obama acknowledged it had been done from the heart.[230] The incident showed that Biden still struggled at times with message discipline.[168]
Awards and honors[link]
Biden has received honorary degrees from the University of Scranton (1976),[232] Saint Joseph's University (1981),[233] Widener University School of Law (2000),[89] Emerson College (2003),[234] his alma mater the University of Delaware (2004),[235] Suffolk University Law School (2005),[236] and his other alma mater Syracuse University (2009).[237]
Biden received the Chancellor Medal from his alma mater, Syracuse University, in 1980.[238] In 2005, he received the George Arents Pioneer Medal—Syracuse's highest alumni award[238]—"for excellence in public affairs."[239]
In 2008, Biden received the Best of Congress Award, for "improving the American quality of life through family-friendly work policies," from Working Mother magazine.[240] Also in 2008, Biden shared with fellow Senator Richard Lugar the Hilal-i-Pakistan award from the Government of Pakistan, "in recognition of their consistent support for Pakistan."[241] In 2009, Biden received The Golden Medal of Freedom award from Kosovo, that region's highest award, for his vocal support for their independence in the late 1990s.[242]
Biden is an inductee of the Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association Hall of Fame.[243] He was named to the Little League Hall of Excellence in 2009.[244]
Almanac[link]
U.S. Senators are popularly elected and take office January 3 for a six year term (except when appointed to fill existing vacancies).
| Public offices | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Office | Type | Location | Began office | Ended office | notes | |
| County Council | Legislature | Wilmington | January 4, 1971 | January 3, 1973 | New Castle County | |
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 1973 | January 3, 1979 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 1979 | January 3, 1985 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 1985 | January 3, 1991 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 1991 | January 3, 1997 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 1997 | January 3, 2003 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 2003 | January 3, 2009 | ||
| U.S. Senator | Legislature | Washington, D.C. | January 3, 2009 | January 15, 2009 | resigned to be sworn in as Vice President | |
| Vice President | Executive | Washington, D.C. | January 20, 2009 | – | — | |
| United States Congressional service | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dates | Congress | Majority | President | Committees | Class/District | |
| 1973–1975 | 93rd | Democratic | Richard M. Nixon Gerald R. Ford |
Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1975–1977 | 94th | Democratic | Gerald R. Ford | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1977–1979 | 95th | Democratic | Jimmy Carter | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1979–1981 | 96th | Democratic | Jimmy Carter | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1981–1983 | 97th | Republican | Ronald W. Reagan | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1983–1985 | 98th | Republican | Ronald W. Reagan | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1985–1987 | 99th | Republican | Ronald W. Reagan | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1987–1989 | 100th | Democratic | Ronald W. Reagan | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1989–1991 | 101st | Democratic | George H. W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1991–1993 | 102nd | Democratic | George H. W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1993–1995 | 103rd | Democratic | William J. Clinton | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1995–1997 | 104th | Republican | William J. Clinton | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1997–1999 | 105th | Republican | William J. Clinton | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 1999–2001 | 106th | Republican | William J. Clinton | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 2001–2003 | 107th | Republican Democratic |
George W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 2003–2005 | 108th | Republican | George W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 2005–2007 | 109th | Republican | George W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 2007–2009 | 110th | Democratic | George W. Bush | Judiciary, Foreign Relations | class 2 | |
| 2009a | 111th | Democratic | George W. Bushb | class 2 | ||
- ^a Even though at the time he was the Vice President-elect, Biden was sworn in for his seventh term in office as the senior senator from Delaware on January 6, 2009. Fourteen days later he was sworn in as Vice President of the United States.
- ^b Although the 111th Congress' President is Barack Obama, Biden did not serve as a Senator under Obama due to him serving as Vice President instead.
Main article: Electoral history of Joe Biden
| Election results | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Office | Election | Votes for Biden | % | Opponent | Party | Votes | % | |||
| 1970 | County Councilman | General | 10,573 | 55% | Lawrence T. Messick | Republican | 8,192 | 43% | |||
| 1972 | U.S. Senator | General | 116,006 | 50% | J. Caleb Boggs | Republican | 112,844 | 49% | |||
| 1978 | U.S. Senator | General | 93,930 | 58% | James H. Baxter, Jr. | Republican | 66,479 | 41% | |||
| 1984 | U.S. Senator | General | 147,831 | 60% | John M. Burris | Republican | 98,101 | 40% | |||
| 1990 | U.S. Senator | General | 112,918 | 63% | M. Jane Brady | Republican | 64,554 | 36% | |||
| 1996 | U.S. Senator | General | 165,465 | 60% | Raymond J. Clatworthy | Republican | 105,088 | 38% | |||
| 2002 | U.S. Senator | General | 135,253 | 58% | Raymond J. Clatworthy | Republican | 94,793 | 41% | |||
| 2008 | U.S. Senator | General | 257,484 | 65% | Christine O'Donnell | Republican | 140,584 | 35% | |||
| 2008 | Vice President | General | 69,456,897 | 53% | Sarah Palin | Republican | 59,934,786 | 46% | |||
Writings by Biden[link]
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (2007). Promises to Keep. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6536-3. Also paperback edition, Random House 2008, ISBN 978-0-8129-7621-2.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (July 24, 2001) (PDF). Administration’s Missile Defense Program and the ABM Treaty: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-1959-3. http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/program/sfr240701.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (February 12, 2002) (PDF). Examining The Theft Of American Intellectual Property At Home And Abroad: Hearing before the Committee On Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-4177-7. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:78178.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (August 1, 2002) (PDF). Hearings to Examine Threats, Responses, and Regional Considerations Surrounding Iraq: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2823-1. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:81697.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (September 2003). Strategies for Homeland Defense: A Compilation by the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2623-9.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (July 8, 2001) (PDF). Putin Administration's Policies toward Non-Russian Regions of the Russian Federation: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2624-7. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75011.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (September 5, 2001) (PDF). Threat of Bioterrorism and the Spread of Infectious Diseases: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2625-5. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:75040.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (February 27, 2002) (PDF). How Do We Promote Democratization, Poverty Alleviation, and Human Rights to Build a More Secure Future: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-7567-2478-3. http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=107_senate_hearings&docid=f:77983.pdf.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (January 2003). Political Future of Afghanistan: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3039-2.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (January 2003). International Campaign Against Terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3041-4.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R. (2002). Halting the Spread of HIV/AIDS: Future Efforts in the U.S. Bilateral & Multilateral Response: Hearings before the Comm. on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-3454-1.
- Biden Jr., Joseph R.; Jesse Helms (April 2000). Hague Convention On International Child Abduction: Applicable Law And Institutional Framework Within Certain Convention Countries Report To The Senate. Diane Publishing. ISBN 0-7567-2250-0.
- Nicholson, William C. (ed.); with a foreword by Joseph Biden (2005). Homeland Security Law and Policy. C. C Thomas. ISBN 0-398-07583-2.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "A timeline of U.S. Sen. Joe Biden's life and career". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. August 23, 2008. Archived from the original on unknown. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=APAB&p_theme=apab&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_field_label-0=Topics&p_text_label-0=Political&s_dispstring=allfields(timeline)%20and%20allfields(biden)%20AND%20topics(Political)%20AND%20date(8/1/2008%20to%208/29/2008)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-0=8/1/2008%20to%208/29/2008)&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=(%22timeline%22)%20and%20(%22biden%22)&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no. Retrieved September 6, 2008. article will appear in search results
- ^ "Joseph Biden Sr., 86, father of the senator" (fee required). The Philadelphia Inquirer: p. B4. September 3, 2002. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F5D5B2EC83D6A9E&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM.
- ^ Chase, Randall (January 9, 2010). "Vice President Biden's mother, Jean, dies at 92". Associated Press. WITN-TV. http://www.witn.com/nationalworld/headlines/81062772.html. Retrieved January 11, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Profile: Joe Biden". BBC News. August 23, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7574085.stm. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ "Number two Biden has a history over Irish debate". The Belfast Telegraph. November 9, 2008. http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sunday-life/number-two-biden-has-a-history-over-irish-debate-14048948.html. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
- ^ Mauriello, Tracie (August 24, 2008). "In Scranton, celebration for local boy who made good". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/08237/906705-470.stm. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ Witcover, Jules (2010). Joe Biden: A Life of Trial and Redemption. New York City: William Morrow. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-06-179198-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=_M5RkbOs2EsC.
- ^ "Joe Biden Biography". 4Biden.com – Joe Biden For President 2008. http://www.4biden.com/news/joe-biden-biography/. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
- ^ Krawczeniuk, Borys (August 24, 2008). "Remembering his roots". The Times-Tribune. http://www.scrantontimes.com/articles/2008/08/24/news/sc_times_trib.20080824.a.pg1.tt24biden_s1.1896121_top4.txt. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Broder, John M. (October 23, 2008). "Father’s Tough Life an Inspiration for Biden". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/24/us/politics/24biden.html. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ a b Rubinkam, Michael (August 27, 2008). "Biden's Scranton childhood left lasting impression". Associated Press. Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug27/0,4670,CVNBidenapossScrantonRoots,00.html. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Almanac of American Politics 2008, p. 364.
- ^ a b "Joe Biden Timeline". Biden senate website. Archived from the original on July 30, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080730194801/http://biden.senate.gov/senator/timeline/. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ a b c Frank, Martin (September 28, 2008). "Biden was the stuttering kid who wanted the ball". The News Journal: p. D.1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1742718581.html?FMT=ABS.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Current Biography Yearbook 1987, p. 43.
- ^ a b Taylor, Paul (1990). See How They Run: Electing the President in an Age of Mediaocracy. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-57059-6. p. 99.
- ^ Biden, Promises to Keep (paperback), p. 27.
- ^ Taylor, See How They Run, p. 98.
- ^ a b c "Biden, Joseph Robinette, Jr.". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000444. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
- ^ a b c Dionne Jr., E. J. (September 18, 1987). "Biden Admits Plagiarism in School But Says It Was Not 'Malevolent'". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DB143FF93BA2575AC0A961948260.
- ^ a b Chase, Randall (September 1, 2008). "Biden got 5 draft deferments during Nam, as did Cheney". Newsday. Associated Press. http://www.newsday.com/services/newspaper/printedition/monday/nation/ny-usbide015825262sep01,0,3140928.story. Retrieved January 25, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Romano, Lois (June 9, 1987). "Joe Biden & the Politics of Belief" (fee required). The Washington Post. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73826122.html?dids=73826122:73826122.
- ^ Taylor, See How They Run, p. 96.
- ^ Leibovich, Mark (September 16, 2008). "Riding the Rails With Amtrak Joe". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/16/riding-the-rails-with-amtrak-joe/. Retrieved September 17, 2008.
- ^ Biden, Joseph R., Jr. (July 9, 2009). "Letter to National Stuttering Association chairman". National Stuttering Association. http://www.westutter.org/pdfs/Joe_Biden-PublicGreeting_NationalStutteringAssoc_7.1.09.pdf. Retrieved December 9, 2010.
- ^ a b Bumiller, Elisabeth (December 14, 2007). "Biden Campaigning With Ease After Hardships". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/us/politics/14biden.html. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
- ^ Biden, Joseph R. (2008) (paperback), Promises to Keep, New York: Random House, pp. 27–32, ISBN 978-0-00-880556-2, OCLC 468955919
- ^ a b c d e Doyle, Nancy Palmer (February 1, 2009). "Joe Biden: 'Everyone Calls Me Joe'". Washingtonian. http://www.washingtonian.com/articles/people/11118.html. Retrieved February 4, 2009.
- ^ "2008 Presidential Candidates: Joe Biden". The Washington Post. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/2008-presidential-candidates/joe-biden/. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ Cohen, Celia (2002). Only in Delaware, Politics and Politicians in the First State. Newark, Delaware: Grapevine Publishing. p. 199. OCLC 51588740.
- ^ a b c Naylor, Brian (October 8, 2007). "Biden's Road to Senate Took Tragic Turn". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14999603. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
- ^ Kipp, Rachel (September 4, 2008). "No DUI in crash that killed Biden's 1st wife, but he's implied otherwise". The News Journal: p. A.1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/delawareonline/access/1743377101.html?FMT=ABS. Biden has on at least two occasions alleged that the truck driver was under the influence of alcohol, but this was not the case. See also "A Senator's Past: The Biden Car Crash". Inside Edition. August 27, 2008. http://insideedition.com/storyprint.aspx?SpecialReportID=2048. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ a b Levey, Noam M. (August 24, 2008). "In his home state, Biden is a regular Joe". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-biden24-2008aug24,0,5581055,full.story. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
- ^ Biden, Promises to Keep (paperback), p. 81.
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- ^ The Indian-American activist who was on the receiving end of Biden's comment stated that he was "100 percent behind (Biden) because he did nothing wrong." See Distaso, John (July 10, 2006). "Indian-American activist defends Sen. Biden". New Hampshire Union Leader. http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Indian-American+activist+defends+Sen.+Biden&articleId=0108a2f4-0530-4860-b010-5b076007bff6. Retrieved February 1, 2008.
- ^ "Conventions 2008: Sen. Joseph Biden (D)". National Journal. August 25, 2008. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080906210353/http://www.nationaljournal.com/conventions/co_20080825_3122.php. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ "Iowa Democratic Party Caucus Results". Iowa Democratic Party. http://www.iowacaucusresults.com/. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
- ^ Murray, Shailagh (January 4, 2008). "Biden, Dodd Withdraw From Race". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/04/AR2008010400260.html. Retrieved August 29, 2008.
- ^ a b c Wolffe, Renegade, p. 218.
- ^ a b Heilemann and Halperin, Game Change, pp. 28, 337–338.
- ^ a b c Lizza, Ryan (October 20, 2008). "Biden's Brief". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/10/20/081020fa_fact_lizza?currentPage=all. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cummings, Jeanne (September 16, 2009). "Joe Biden, 'the skunk at the family picnic'". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0909/27211.html. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
- ^ "Biden: I’d say yes to being VP". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/06/23/biden-id-say-yes-to-being-vp/. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ "Obama's veep message to supporters". The Washington Post. Associated Press. August 23, 2008. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/23/AR2008082300455.html?hpid%3Dtopnews&sub=AR. Retrieved August 23, 2008. "Text message is out and it's official". http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/post/samgrahamfelsen/gG5sB7.
- ^ "Welcome the Next Vice President". BarackObama.com. http://my.barackobama.com/page/s/welcomejoe. Retrieved August 24, 2008.
- ^ Nagourney, Adam; Jeff Zeleny (August 23, 2008). "Obama Chooses Biden as Running Mate". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/24/us/politics/24biden.html. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
- ^ Dionne, E.J. (August 25, 2008). "Tramps Like Us: How Joe Biden will reassure working class voters and change the tenor of this week's convention". The New Republic. http://tnr.com/politics/story.html?id=2ecbd0b9-c2c4-44d7-824a-603b4a418c74. Retrieved August 25, 2008.
- ^ Wolffe, Renegade, p. 217.
- ^ Travers, Karen (June 25, 2009). "VP Biden Keeping the Door Open for 2016?". Political Punch (ABC News). http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2009/06/vp-biden-keeping-the-door-open-for-2016-.html. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
- ^ "Biden in 2016?". CNN. October 21, 2011. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/21/biden-in-2016/. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Leibovich, Mark (May 8, 2012). "For a Blunt Biden, an Uneasy Supporting Role". The New York Times: p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/08/us/politics/for-a-blunt-biden-an-uneasy-supporting-role.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all.
- ^ "Scranton Bishop Says He will Refuse Communion to Joseph Biden". Lifesitenews.com. September 2, 2008. http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2008/sep/08090212.html. Retrieved September 10, 2008.
- ^ a b c Westen, John-Henry (August 28, 2008). "Biden’s Bishop Will not Permit Him, Even if Elected VP, to Speak at Catholic Schools". Catholic Exchange. http://www.catholicexchange.com/2008/08/28/113619/. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David (September 16, 2008). "Abortion Issue Again Dividing Catholic Votes". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/us/politics/17catholics.html?bl&ex=1221883200&en=1e3acb5115249581&ei=5087%0A. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (October 4, 2008). "A Fight Among Catholics Over Which Party Best Reflects Church Teachings". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/05/us/politics/05catholic.html. Retrieved October 5, 2008.
- ^ Phillips, Kate (September 7, 2008). "As a Matter of Faith, Biden Says Life Begins at Conception". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/08/us/politics/08campaign.html?ref=us. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ Tapper, Jake (September 14, 2008). "Joe Who?". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/09/joe-who.html. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
- ^ Jurkowitz, Mark (September 14, 2008). "Northern Exposure Still Dominates the News". Pew Research Center. http://www.journalism.org/node/12800. Retrieved November 24, 2008.
- ^ "Senate Passes Economic Rescue Package". NY1. October 1, 2008. http://www.ny1.com/content/features/86538/senate-passes-economic-rescue-package/Default.aspx. Retrieved October 2, 2008.
- ^ "Debate poll says Biden won, Palin beat expectations". Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.. October 3, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/03/debate.poll/?iref=hpmostpop. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
- ^ "CBS Poll: Uncommitted Voters Say Biden Won". CBS Interactive Inc.. October 3, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/10/03/debate.poll/?iref=hpmostpop. Retrieved October 4, 2008.
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- ^ a b Tumulty, Karen (October 29, 2008). "Hidin' Biden: Reining In a Voluble No. 2". Time. http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1854640,00.html?imw=Y. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
- ^ a b McGrane, Victoria (November 3, 2008). "Where have you gone, Joe Biden?". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15205.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Heilemann and Halperin, Game Change, pp. 411–414, 419.
- ^ "Biden reliable running mate despite gaffes". Asbury Park Press. Associated Press. October 26, 2008.
- ^ "Barack Obama wins presidential election". CNN. November 4, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/election.president/index.html. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- ^ Franke-Ruta, Garance (November 19, 2008). "McCain Takes Missouri". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/11/19/mccain_takes_missouri.html. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ "President – Election Center 2008". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/president/. Retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ "Think you know your election trivia?". CNN. November 3, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/03/election.trivia/index.html. Retrieved November 9, 2008.
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- ^ Feller, Ben (January 20, 2009). "In culminating moment, Biden is vice president". The Washington Post. Associated Press. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/20/AR2009012000242.html. Retrieved January 30, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Marquardt, Alexander (November 6, 2008). "Biden talks transition, says McCain's 'still my friend'". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2008/11/06/biden-talks-transition-says-mccains-still-my-friend/. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
- ^ "'Secret' Obama code name revealed". BBC News. November 13, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/us_elections_2008/7726453.stm. Retrieved November 17, 2008.
- ^ Holland, Steve (November 13, 2008). "Biden picks former Gore aide as chief of staff". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE4AC5EA20081113. Retrieved November 13, 2008.
- ^ Calderone, Michael (December 15, 2008). "Report: Carney joins Biden team". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/michaelcalderone/1208/Report_Carney_joins_Biden_team.html. Retrieved December 15, 2008.
- ^ Lee, Carol E. (December 14, 2008). "Biden to shrink VP role – big time". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1208/16558.html. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ^ a b "Biden says he'll be different vice president". CNN. December 22, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/22/biden.lkl/index.html. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ^ Hornick, Ed and Levs, Josh (December 21, 2008). "What Obama promised Biden". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/12/21/transition.wrap/index.html. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ^ Lee, Carol E. (January 6, 2009). "'Senator' Biden's trip raises concerns". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0109/17136.html. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
- ^ a b Leibovich, Mark (March 28, 2009). "Speaking Freely, Biden Finds Influential Role". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/29/us/politics/29biden.html. Retrieved March 31, 2009.
- ^ Dilanian, Ken (June 11, 2009). "In a supporting role, Clinton takes a low-key approach at State Dept.". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/printedition/news/20090611/1aclinton11_cv.art.htm. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
- ^ Smith, Ben (June 23, 2009). "Hillary Clinton toils in the shadows". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0609/24067.html. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
- ^ a b c d Bailey, Holly; Thomas, Evan (October 10, 2009). "An Inconvenient Truth Teller". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/217090. Retrieved November 6, 2009.
- ^ Wilson, Scott (September 17, 2009). "Biden Pushes Iraqi Leaders On Vote Law, Oil-Bid Perks". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/16/AR2009091602998.html. Retrieved September 17, 2009.
- ^ "Iraq reinstates 59 election candidates". Agence France-Presse. January 25, 2010. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iJGz55dJrnOzzejqmBj6QTolyydg.
- ^ Scherer, Michael (July 1, 2009). "What Happened to the Stimulus?". Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1908167-1,00.html. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
- ^ Travers, Karen (February 17, 2011). "'Sheriff Joe' Biden Touts Recovery Act Success – and Hands Over His Badge". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/02/sheriff-joe-biden-touts-recovery-act-success-and-hands-over-his-badge.html. Retrieved March 19, 2011.
- ^ Silva, Mark and Parsons, Christi (May 1, 2009). "White House adjusts Biden's swine flu advice". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-biden1-2009may01,0,604907.story. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ "White House tempers Biden's swine flu advice". The Boston Globe. May 1, 2009. http://www.boston.com/news/health/articles/2009/05/01/white_house_tempers_bidens_swine_flu_advice/. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ Kurtzman, Daniel (May 8, 2009). "The Week's Best Late-Night Jokes". About.com. http://politicalhumor.about.com/b/2009/05/08/the-weeks-best-late-night-jokes-30.htm. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ Kurtzman, Daniel (May 22, 2009). "The Week's Best Late-Night Jokes". About.com. http://politicalhumor.about.com/b/2009/05/22/the-weeks-best-late-night-jokes-32.htm. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ "Biden: ‘We misread how bad the economy was’". Associated Press. MSNBC. July 5, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31745563/. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
- ^ a b Nicholas, Peter and Richter, Paul (August 19, 2009). "Despite fumbles, Biden's a player". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-na-biden18-2009aug18,0,2588210.story. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
- ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (March 23, 2010). "At White House, Biden’s Expletive Caught on Open Mic". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/03/23/at-white-house-bidens-expletive-caught-on-open-mic/?hp. Retrieved March 23, 2010.
- ^ "Osama Bin Laden dead; President Obama addresses nation". Times Herald-Record. NewsCore. May 2, 2011. http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110501/NEWS/110509984. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
- ^ "Biden visits South Africa as World Cup begins". CNN. June 12, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/06/12/south.africa.biden/index.html?hpt=Sbin. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
- ^ Parnes, Amie (June 28, 2011). "Joe and Jill Biden's ‘regular’ lives". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57887.html. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (October 12, 2010). "Vice President Tries to Energize Democrats". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/13/us/politics/13biden.html?_r=2. Retrieved October 14, 2010.
- ^ a b Lee, Carol E.; Bresnahan, John (December 9, 2010). "Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1210/46173.html. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Cooper, Helene (December 11, 2010). "As the Ground Shifts, Biden Plays a Bigger Role". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/12/us/politics/12biden.html. Retrieved December 13, 2010.
- ^ Hulse, Carl; Calmes, Jackie (December 7, 2010). "Biden and G.O.P. Leader Helped Hammer Out Bipartisan Tax Accord". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/us/politics/08deal.html. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ Herszenhorn, David M.; Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (December 7, 2010). "Democrats Skeptical of Obama on New Tax Plan". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/us/politics/08cong.html. Retrieved December 8, 2010.
- ^ a b c Thrush, Glenn; Brown, Carrie Budoff; Raju, Manu; Bresnahan, John (August 2, 2011). "Joe Biden, Mitch McConnell and the making of a debt deal". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0811/60463.html. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
- ^ "Obama Welcomes Budget Deal; Biden to Lead Talks". Reuters. CNBC. March 2, 2011. http://www.cnbc.com/id/41870549. Retrieved March 9, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ Reid, Tim (May 16, 2011). "Q+A: Debt and deficit talks in early stages". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/16/us-usa-debt-talks-idUSTRE74F26V20110516. Retrieved May 17, 2011.
- ^ Gaudiano, Nicole (May 4, 2011). "Biden tasked with achieving consensus on cutting deficit". The News Journal. http://www.delawareonline.com/article/20110505/NEWS02/105050326/Biden-tasked-achieving-consensus-cutting-deficit?odyssey=tab%7Ctopnews%7Ctext%7CHome. Retrieved May 17, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ a b "The real drama was in private as debt deal hatched". Boston Herald. Associated Press. August 3, 2011. http://news.bostonherald.com/news/us_politics/view.bg?&articleid=1356201&format=&page=4&listingType=politics. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
- ^ Bohan, Caren Bohan; Sullivan, Andy; Ferraro, Thomas (August 3, 2011). "Special report: How Washington took the U.S. to the brink". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/03/us-usa-debt-brink-idUSTRE77271R20110803?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
- ^ Parsons, Christi (May 6, 2012). "Biden 'comfortable' with equal rights for gays who wed". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/06/nation/la-na-biden-gay-marriage-20120507. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- ^ a b c "AP source: Biden apologizes to Obama over comments". Associated Press. Fox News. May 10, 2012. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/05/10/ap-source-biden-apologizes-to-obama-over-comments/. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
- ^ Calmes, Jackie; Baker, Peter (May 9, 2012). "Obama Says Same-Sex Marriage Should Be Legal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/10/us/politics/obama-says-same-sex-marriage-should-be-legal.html. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
- ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients". University of Scranton. 2008. http://matrix.scranton.edu/about/ab_degree_recipients.shtml. Retrieved November 26, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients" (PDF). Saint Joseph's University. http://www.sju.edu/ir/documents/HonDegreeRecip_IR2008.pdf. Retrieved August 19, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Senator Biden to Address 123rd Commencement Rites On May 19". Emerson College. May 2003. Archived from the original on September 18, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060918144250/http://www.emerson.edu/emersontoday/index.cfm?action=3&articleID=782&editionID=52. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ "Honorary Degree Citation for Joseph R. Biden Jr.". University of Delaware. May 29, 2004. http://www.udel.edu/PR/UDaily/2004/biden052904.html. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
- ^ "Commencements". The Boston Globe. May 23, 2005. http://www.boston.com/news/education/higher/articles/2005/05/23/commencements_boston_globe/. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ "Biden to grads: You have chance to shape history". Associated Press. May 10, 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jlYnobzaV2NlzsdJ03OWJqJtDDjAD983FM980. Retrieved May 11, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b Kates, William (May 10, 2009). "Biden tells Syracuse University graduates they have special opportunity to help shape history". Newsday. http://www.newsday.com/news/politics/wire/sns-ap-us-biden-commencement,0,5937836.story. Retrieved May 11, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Five SU alumni to be honored with Arents Awards". Syracuse University. May 25, 2005. Archived from the original on September 7, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060907182627/http://sunews.syr.edu/story_details.cfm?id=2601. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ "Biden Honored for Making a Difference for Working Families" (Press release). U.S. Senate. August 12, 2008. http://biden.senate.gov/press/press_releases/release/?id=dca94360-b4ac-4bed-a41e-b7c27f42b4a1. Retrieved November 26, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Haider, Zeeshan (October 28, 2008). "Pakistan gives awards to Biden, Lugar for support". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSTRE49R5I120081028. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ "Biden ends Balkans tour, heads to Lebanon". Agence France-Presse. May 22, 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jtMFK8wLcamElXQlmEBh0CEBE9dQ. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
- ^ "Hall of Fame". Delaware Volunteer Firemen's Association. http://www.dvfassn.com/awards.cfm?id=2. Retrieved September 16, 2008.
- ^ "Hall of Excellence". Little League Baseball. http://www.littleleague.org/learn/museum/hallofexcellence.htm. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
Books referenced[link]
- Barone, Michael; Cohen, Richard E. (2008). The Almanac of American Politics. Washington: National Journal. ISBN 978-0-89234-116-0.
- Heilemann, John; Halperin, Mark (2010). Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-173363-6.
- Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook 1987. New York: H. W. Wilson Company.
- Wolffe, Richard (2009). Renegade: The Making of a President. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 0-307-46312-5.
External links[link]
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- Vice Presidential campaign website, via barackobama.com
- Senate campaign website (archived)
- White House official biography
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Joe Biden at the Open Directory Project
- Works by or about Joe Biden in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Joe Biden at the Internet Movie Database
- In the Words of Joe Biden – slideshow by Life magazine
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Biden, Joe |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Politician |
| Date of birth | November 20, 1942 |
| Place of birth | Scranton, Pennsylvania |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Director (business).
"VP" redirects here. For other uses, see VP (disambiguation).
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A vice president (British English - government: vice-president; business: director) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'.[1] In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president. A common colloquial term for the office is vee-pee, deriving from a phonetic interpretation of the abbreviation VP.
Contents |
In government[link]
See also: List of current Vice Presidents
In government, a vice president is a person whose primary responsibility is to replace the president on the event of his or her death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as his or her running mate, elected separately, or appointed independently after the president's election.
Most, but not all, governments with vice presidents have only one person in this role at any time. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill his or her duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president does not wield much day-to-day political power, but is still considered an important member of the cabinet. Several vice presidents in the Americas held the position of President of the Senate; this is the case, for example, in Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay. The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president, such as attending functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend; the Vice President of the United States, for example, often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the President. In this capacity, the vice president may thus assume the role of a de facto symbolic head of state, a position which is lacking in a system of government where the powers of head of state and government are fused.
[edit] In business
Further information: Director (business)
In business, "vice president" refers to a rank in management. A trade union may also elect a vice president. Most companies that use this title generally have large numbers of people with the title of vice president with different categories (e.g. vice president for finance, or vice president in charge of hiring); their closest analogy within the US federal government structure is therefore not the Vice President as such, but a Cabinet Secretary. A vice president in business usually reports directly to the President or CEO of the company. When there are several vice presidents in a company they are sometimes ranked by naming the highest ranking Senior Executive Vice President which is next to President, the second highest ranking Executive Vice President, then Senior Vice President and the remainder of the management team just VP. The title of Assistant Vice President or Associate Vice President or Assistant President or Associate President is typically used in large organizations as a subordinate rank to Vice President.
In large brokerage firms and investment banks, there are usually several Vice Presidents in each local branch office, the title being more of a marketing approach for customers, than denoting an actual managerial position within the company.
A corporate vice president is rarely "second in line" to succeed the corporate president following death, dismissal, or resignation, though in the event of a sudden vacancy one or sometimes two of the vice presidents may act as president. New presidents are usually appointed by the board of directors.
Officer Levels in business administration[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
- Senior Executive Vice President (SEVP) = Deputy President
- Executive Vice President (EVP)
- Senior Vice President (SVP)
- Vice President (VP)
- Assistant Vice President or Associate Vice President (AVP)
- Associate or Officer (Assoc/Officer)
For example,
- Microsoft: President - EVP - SVP - CVP
- General Motors: President - EVP - GVP - SVP - GM VP(=CVP)
| Rank | U.S. Executive Officer | U.K. Executive Officer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | President | Managing Director |
| 2 | Deputy President or SEVP or EVP | Managing Director |
| 3 | EVP or SVP | Deputy Managing Director |
| 4 | SVP or CVP | Executive Director |
| 5 | CVP or VP (old type company) | VP |
In clubs and other related associations[link]
In most clubs as well as other organizations, one or multiple Vice Presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st Vice President, 2nd Vice President, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc.
The primary responsibility of the Vice President of a club or organization is to be prepared to assume the powers and duties of the office of the President in the case of a vacancy in that office. If the office of President becomes vacant, the Vice President (or in clubs with multiple Vice Presidents, the VP that occupies the highest ranking office), will assume the office of President, with the lower Vice Presidents to fill in the remaining Vice Presidencies, leaving the lowest Vice Presidency to be filled by either election or appointment. If the bylaws of a club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the President upon vacancy of that office.
References[link]
External links[link]
http://wn.com/Vice_president
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Vicepresidente
http://cs.wn.com/Viceprezident
http://id.wn.com/Wakil presiden
http://es.wn.com/Vicepresidente
http://ru.wn.com/Вице-президент
http://nl.wn.com/Vicepresident
http://pt.wn.com/Vice-presidente
http://pl.wn.com/Wiceprezydent
http://fr.wn.com/Vice-président
http://de.wn.com/Vizepräsident
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_president
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Paul Ryan, see Paul Ryan (disambiguation).
| Paul Ryan | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 1st district |
|
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 1999 |
|
| Preceded by | Mark Neumann |
| Chairman of the House Committee on the Budget | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 3, 2011 |
|
| Preceded by | John Spratt |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Paul Davis Ryan (1970-01-29) January 29, 1970 (age 42) Janesville, Wisconsin |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Janna Ryan |
| Children | Elizabeth, Charles, and Samuel |
| Residence | Janesville, Wisconsin |
| Alma mater | Miami University (B.A.) |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Website | U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan |
Paul Davis Ryan[1] (born January 29, 1970) is the U.S. Representative for Wisconsin's 1st congressional district, serving since 1999. He is a member of the Republican Party, and has been ranked among the party's most influential voices on economic policy.[2][3][4]
Born and raised in Janesville, Wisconsin, Ryan graduated from Miami University in Ohio and later worked as a marketing consultant for Ryan Incorporated Central, run by a branch of his family. In the mid to late 1990s, he worked as an aide to United States Senator Bob Kasten, as legislative director for Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas, and as a speechwriter for former U.S. Representative and 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee Jack Kemp of New York. In 1998, Ryan won election to the United States House of Representatives, succeeding the two-term incumbent, fellow Republican Mark Neumann.
Ryan currently chairs the House Budget Committee, where he has played a prominent public role in drafting and promoting the Republican Party's long-term budget proposal. He introduced a plan, The Path to Prosperity, in April 2011 as an alternative to the budget proposal of President Barack Obama, and helped introduce The Path to Prosperity: A Blueprint for American Renewal in March 2012, in response to Obama's 2013 budget.[5] Ryan is one of the three co-founders of the Young Guns Program, an electoral recruitment and campaign effort by House Republicans. He endorsed Republican presidential candidate and former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney for the 2012 United States presidential election.[6] Ryan has been considered as a possible running mate for Romney.[7]
Contents |
Early life, education, and career[link]
Ryan was born and raised in Janesville, Wisconsin, the youngest child of Elizabeth A. "Betty" (née Hutter) and Paul Murray Ryan, a lawyer.[8][9][10] He is of Irish and German ancestry,[11] and is a fifth-generation Janesville native. Ryan's great-grandfather is Patrick William Ryan, who founded the Ryan Incorporated Central construction business in 1884.[12] Ryan's mother is an outdoors enthusiast who led her husband and four children (Ryan's sister Janet and two brothers, Tobin and Stan) on regular hiking and skiing trips in the Colorado Rocky Mountains.[9][13] As a boy, Ryan attended Camp Manito-wish YMCA, a wilderness canoe tripping camp located in Boulder Junction, Wisconsin; while in college, he returned there to work as a staff member and counselor during summer vacation.
Ryan attended Joseph A. Craig High School in Janesville. In college, he briefly worked for Oscar Mayer as a Wienermobile driver.[14] Ryan went on to graduate from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, with a BA in economics and political science in 1992. He also studied at the Washington Semester program at American University and was a member of the Delta Tau Delta social fraternity. Following his studies, Ryan returned to Wisconsin and worked as a marketing consultant for an earth-moving company run by a branch of his family.[13][15]
Ryan was 16 years old when he found his father in bed, dead from a heart attack at age 55. As a result, he received Social Security survivor's benefits until he turned 18. Ryan's grandfather and great-grandfather had also died from heart attacks, at ages 57 and 59 respectively.[16]
Early political career[link]
In 2005, Ryan said, "The reason I got involved in public service, by and large, if I had to credit one thinker, one person, it would be Ayn Rand".[17] New York magazine has claimed that Ryan requires his staff to read Atlas Shrugged.[18] In 2012, however, he said that while as a young man he became interested in economics because of her novels, "It’s a big stretch to suggest that a person is therefore an Objectivist... I reject her philosophy. It's an atheist philosophy. It reduces human interactions down to mere contracts and it is antithetical to my worldview. If somebody is going to try to paste a person's view on epistemology to me, then give me Thomas Aquinas. Don't give me Ayn Rand."[19]
During his junior year at Miami University, Ryan worked as an intern opening mail for the foreign affairs advisor assigned to Senator Bob Kasten of Wisconsin.[20] Concerned that her son "...was destined to become a ski bum", Betty Ryan reportedly nudged him to accept another congressional position as a staff economist attached to Kasten's office.[20][21] In his early years working in D.C., Ryan moonlighted on Capitol Hill as a waiter at the Tortilla Coast restaurant and as a fitness trainer at Washington Sport and Health Club, among various other side jobs.[22]
After Kasten was defeated by Democrat Russ Feingold in 1992, Ryan became a speechwriter and a volunteer economic analyst with Empower America, an advocacy group formed by Jack Kemp, former education secretary Bill Bennett, the late diplomat Jeane Kirkpatrick, and former Representative Vin Weber of Minnesota.[16][23]
Ryan worked as a speechwriter for Kemp, the Republican vice presidential candidate in the 1996 United States presidential election, and later worked as legislative director for US Senator Sam Brownback of Kansas. Ryan then returned to Wisconsin, where he worked as a consultant to an earth-moving company.[citation needed] In 1998, he ran for Congress.
U.S. House of Representatives[link]
Following his first election to the US House of Representatives in 1998, one of Ryan's priorities as a new congressman was to convert a truck into a rolling district office. This allowed him to keep regular congressional office hours with his constituents at various locations across Wisconsin's 1st congressional district.[24][1]
In 2002, Ryan voted in favor of the Iraq War resolution, authorizing President George W. Bush to use military force in Iraq.[25] In 2003 he voted in favor of the Medicare Part D prescription drug expansion.[26]
In 2005, Ryan spoke at a Celebration of Ayn Rand event hosted by The Atlas Society. During the event, Ryan spoke about the influence of Atlas Shrugged on his life.[27]
He is one of the three founding members of the House GOP Young Guns Program.
In 2008, Ryan voted for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the Wall Street bailout that precipitated the Tea Party movement, and the bailout of GM and Chrysler.[28]
In 2010, The Daily Telegraph ranked Ryan the ninth most influential US conservative.[2] In 2011, he was selected to deliver the Republican response to the State of the Union address.[29]
In 2012, Ryan accused the nation's top military leaders of using "smoke and mirrors" to remain under budget limits passed by Congress.[30] Ryan later said that he misspoke on the issue and called General Martin Dempsey to apologize for his comments.[31]
Ryan's Second Budget Plan[link]
At the end of March 2012, the House of Representatives passed a newer version of Ryan's budget plan along partisan lines 228 yeas to 191 nays; ten Republicans voted against bill, along with all the House Democrats.[32] Ryan's budget would reduce all discretionary spending in the budget from 12.5% of GDP in 2011 to 3.75% of GDP in 2050. This goal has been criticized as unrealistic since it includes spending on defense, which has never fallen below 3% of GDP.[33] Congressman Justin Amash, a Republican from Michigan criticized Ryan's budget for insufficient cuts, its continuation of deficit spending through 2022 and beyond, and its exemption of military spending from reductions. [34] His budget has also been criticized because it would not balance the budget until 2035. Marc Goldwein, the policy directory for the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget stated "We may never, as a country, have a balanced budget again, And you know what? We don't have to." Ryan saw this as evidence of the severity of the deficit crisis.[35]
The 2012 Ryan budget also received criticism from elements of the Catholic Church, specifically from the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and from faculty and administrators of Georgetown University. In its letter to Rep. Ryan, the group of Georgetown faculty and administrators criticized the Ryan budget as trying to "to dismantle government programs and abandon the poor to their own devices," going on to say that Catholic teaching "demands that higher levels of government provide help—"subsidium"—when communities and local governments face problems beyond their means to address such as economic crises, high unemployment, endemic poverty and hunger." The letter also criticizes Ryan for his attempts at "gutting government programs" and states that Ryan is "profoundly misreading Church teaching."[36] A statement issued by the US Conference of Catholic Bishops criticized the Ryan budget in similar terms.[37] Ryan rejects the bishops' criticism that his budget plans would disproportionately cut programs that "serve poor and vulnerable people."[38] Ryan's difficulties with the Catholic Church worsened when videos of Ryan praising and endorsing the "morality" of Ayn Rand's hyper-individualist philosophy were published on Youtube in 2012. [39]
In May of 2012, Ryan voted for H.R. 4310 which would increase spending on defense, Afghanistan and various weapon systems to the level of $642 billion - $8 billion more than what was agreed to by President Obama and the Congress in the summer of 2011. [40]
Committee assignments[link]
Caucus memberships[link]
- Congressional Middle East Economic Partnership Caucus
- International Conservation Caucus
- Republican Study Committee
- Sportsmen's Caucus (Co-Chair)
Roadmap for America's Future[link]
On May 21, 2008, Ryan introduced H.R. 6110, titled "Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2008."[41] This proposed legislation outlined a plan to deal with entitlement spending.[42] Its stated objectives were: to ensure universal access to health insurance; to strengthen Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security; to lift debt from future generations; and to promote economic growth and job creation in America.[43] Despite significant press coverage, it did not move past committee.[44]
On April 1, 2009, Ryan introduced his alternative to the 2010 United States federal budget. This alternative budget would have eliminated the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, lowered the top tax rate to 25%, introduced an 8.5% value-added consumption tax, and imposed a five-year spending freeze on all discretionary spending.[45] It would also have replaced Medicare.[46] Instead, it proposed that starting in 2021, the federal government would pay part of the cost of private medical insurance for individuals turning 65.[46] Ryan's proposed budget would also have allowed taxpayers to opt out of the federal income taxation system with itemized deductions, and instead pay a flat 10 percent of adjusted gross income up to $100,000 and 25 percent on any remaining income.[47] Ryan's proposed budget was heavily criticized by opponents for the lack of concrete numbers.[48] It was ultimately rejected in the house by a vote of 293-137, with 38 Republicans in opposition.[49]
In late January 2010, Ryan released a new version of his Roadmap.[50] The modified plan would: give across the board tax cuts by reducing income tax rates; eliminate income taxes on capital gains, dividends, and interest; and abolish the corporate income tax, estate tax, and alternative minimum tax. The plan would privatize a portion of Social Security,[51][52] eliminate the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance,[52] and privatize Medicare.[51][52]
On April 15, 2011, the House passed the Ryan Plan by a vote of 235-193. Four Republicans joined all House Democrats in voting against it.[53] A month later, the bill died in the Senate by a vote of 57-40, with five Republicans and most Democrats in opposition.[54]
Economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman criticized the contention that Ryan's plan would reduce the deficit, alleging that it only considered proposed spending cuts and failed to take into account tax changes. According to Krugman, Ryan's plan "would raise taxes for 95 percent of the population" and produce a $4 trillion revenue loss over ten years from tax cuts for the rich. Krugman went on to label the proposed spending cuts a "sham" because they depended on making a severe cut in domestic discretionary spending without specifying the programs to be cut, and on "dismantling Medicare as we know it," which is politically unrealistic.[55]
In response to Krugman, economist and former American Enterprise Institute scholar Ted Gayer wrote a more positive assessment of the Ryan plan. Gayer agreed that, as written, the plan would cause a $4 trillion revenue shortfall over 10 years. He noted, however, that Ryan had expressed a willingness to consider raising rates in his tax plan.[clarification needed] Gayer concluded that "Ryan’s vision of broad-based tax reform, which essentially would shift us toward a consumption tax... makes a useful contribution to this debate."[56]
Journalist Ramesh Ponnuru, writing in National Review, argued that the revenue loss to which Krugman refers is based on a comparison between Ryan's plan and current law, which "includes middle-class tax increases... cuts in payment to Medicare providers... [and] the expansion of the Alternative Minimum Tax."[57] He added that "current law automatically raises the tax rates to pre-Bush levels in 2013... so if you're comparing the tax level with current law, Ryan's plan represents a tax cut" and "the CBO's actual projections for the Ryan plan show a debt level in 2021 that is $4.7 trillion lower than its projections for Obama's budgets."[57]
Rick Foster, the chief actuary of Medicare, endorsed Ryan's plan for reducing Medicare costs: "If you can put that pressure on the research and development community, you might have a fighting chance of changing the nature of new medical technology in a way that makes lower costs like this possible and more sustainable. I would say that the Roadmap has that potential. There is some potential for the Affordable Care Act price reductions, although I’m a little less confident about that."[58]
In December 2011, it was revealed that Ryan would begin a new push for changes in Medicare in 2012 by working with Democratic Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon to modify Ryan's previous Medicare proposal. His most recent approach for semi-privatization of Medicare would keep traditional Medicare as an option for senior citizens, but would also introduce private insurance into an exchange market to compete with traditional Medicare. Seniors would still be given a voucher to purchase care if they so desired, as in his previous proposal. Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney has supported a similar plan in his campaign.[59]
Opposition to SOPA[link]
On January 9, 2012, four months after the introduction of Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), Ryan pledged his opposition to the bill, saying, "The internet is one of the most magnificent expressions of freedom and free enterprise in history. It should stay that way. While H.R. 3261, the Stop Online Piracy Act, attempts to address legitimate problems, I believe it creates the precedent and possibility for undue regulation, censorship and legal abuse. I do not support H.R. 3261 in its current form and will oppose the legislation should it come before the full House."[60]
Political campaigns[link]
Ryan was first elected to the House in 1998, when two-term incumbent Mark Neumann retired from his seat in order to make an unsuccessful bid for the Senate. Ryan won both a Republican primary over 29-year-old pianist Michael J. Logan of Twin Lakes and the general election against Democratic opponent Lydia Spottswood.[61] Ryan successfully defended his seat against Democratic challenger Jeffrey C. Thomas in 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006.[62] In 2002, Ryan had also faced Libertarian candidate George Meyers.
2008[link]
Ryan defeated Democratic nominee Marge Krupp by a wide margin in the 2008 general election.[62]
2010[link]
Ryan defeated both Democratic nominee John Heckenlively and Libertarian nominee Joseph Kexel by a wide margin in the 2010 general election.
Electoral history[link]
| Year | Office | District | Democrat | Republican | Other | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Lydia Spottswood | 43% | Paul Ryan | 57% | ||
| 2000 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Jeffrey Thomas | 33% | Paul Ryan | 67% | ||
| 2002 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Jeffrey Thomas | 31% | Paul Ryan | 67% | George Meyers (L) | 2% |
| 2004 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Jeffrey Thomas | 33% | Paul Ryan | 65% | ||
| 2006 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Jeffrey Thomas | 37% | Paul Ryan | 63% | ||
| 2008 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | Marge Krupp | 35% | Paul Ryan | 64% | Joseph Kexel (L) | 1% |
| 2010 | U.S. House of Representatives | Wisconsin 1st District | John Heckenlively | 30% | Paul Ryan | 68% | Joseph Kexel (L) | 2% |
Personal life[link]
Ryan married Janna Little, a tax attorney,[1] in December 2000.[8] The Ryans live in Janesville with their three children Elizabeth Anne, Charles Wilson, and Samuel Lowery.[63]
Ryan is a Catholic and is a member of St. John Vianney's Church.[64]
Ryan is a fitness enthusiast and promotes fitness as a daily routine for young people. In 2009, his exercise program was based on the P90x fitness program.[22]
References[link]
- ^ a b c Sauer, Bobbie (2008-07-23). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Paul Ryan". U.S. News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/articles/news/campaign-2008/2008/07/23/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-paul-ryan.html. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ a b The most influential US conservatives, Daily Telegraph, 15 January 2010.
- ^ Klein, Ezra (July 29, 2010). "What would Republicans do for the economy?" The Washington Post.
- ^ Roth, Zachary (December 27, 2010). "The five most influential voices on the economy." Yahoo!
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/05/us/politics/ryan-architect-of-gop-budget-in-election-focus.html
- ^ "Romney gets Ryan's endorsement, leads Wisconsin poll". CNN. March 30, 2012. http://www.cnn.com/2012/03/30/politics/campaign-wrap-duplicate-2/index.html?hpt=hp_t3.
- ^ Bendery, Jennifer. "Eric Cantor Praises Bob McDonnell, Paul Ryan As Possible VP Contenders". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/eric-cantor-bob-mcdonnell-paul-ryan_n_1437406.html. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Paul Ryan (R-Wis.), Congressman Paul Ryan". Whorunsgov.com. http://www.whorunsgov.com/Profiles/Paul_Ryan. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ a b "That Hair, Those Eyes, That Plan". Milwaukee Magazine. 2005-01-07. http://www.milwaukeemagazine.com/currentIssue/full_feature_story.asp?NewMessageID=17442. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eb0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cy8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6825,6747908&dq=paul-murray-ryan&hl=en
- ^ Paul Ryan ancestry website
- ^ "Ryan Incorporated Central - History". Ryancentral.com. http://www.ryancentral.com/history.html. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ a b http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/43705747.html "Ryan draws inspiration from family, mentors". Journal Sentinel. April 26, 2009
- ^ "Paul Ryan: Father, Fitness Buff, Zeppelin Fan". All Things Considered, PBS. April 8, 2011
- ^ "Biography". Ryanforcongress.com. http://www.ryanforcongress.com/Biography.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ a b http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/43705747.html "Ryan draws inspiration from family, mentors". April 26, 2009.
- ^ Craig Gilbert (April 25, 2009). "Ryan shines as GOP seeks vision; His youth, talent, conservative politics excite party leaders". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/43705712.html.
- ^ Beam, Christopher (December 26, 2010). "The Trouble With Liberty". New York. http://nymag.com/news/politics/70282/index2.html.
- ^ Costa, Robert (April 26, 2012). "Ryan Shrugged". National Review Online. http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/297023/ryan-shrugged-robert-costa.
- ^ a b Schneider, Christian (July 2010). "Rebel Without a Pause: Our reporter spends 48 hectic hours with rising GOP star Paul Ryan". WI Magazine: The Wisconsin Interest. Wisconsin Policy Research Institute. http://www.wpri.org/WIInterest/Vol19No2/Schneider19.2.html. Retrieved April 12, 2011.
- ^ "Getting to Know Paul Ryan". CNN. May 15, 2011.
- ^ a b http://www.jsonline.com/news/statepolitics/43705747.html "Ryan draws inspiration from family, mentors". Journal Sentinel. April 26, 2009.
- ^ "Ryan, Kasten pay tribute to Kemp", The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. May 9, 2009 Accessed April 1, 2010
- ^ "A Profile of Republican House Rep. Paul Ryan of Wisconsin"
- ^ "BILL TITLE: To Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces Against Iraq"
- ^ "Final Vote BILL TITLE: Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization Act"
- ^ http://www.atlassociety.org/ele/blog/2012/04/30/paul-ryan-and-ayn-rands-ideas-hot-seat-again
- ^ "Does Paul Ryan’s Record Match His Rhetoric? | Republican Liberty Caucus of Wisconsin". Wi.rlc.org. 2010-08-02. http://wi.rlc.org/2010/08/paul-ryans-record/. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ "Afternoon Fix: Paul Ryan to deliver State of the Union response; Evan Bayh joins private equity firm". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/thefix/afternoon-fix/afternoon-fix-paul-ryan-to-del.html.
- ^ "Budget chairman questions whether generals truthful on defense budget." AP. March 29, 2012.
- ^ Killough, Ashley. "Rep. Paul Ryan: 'I really misspoke'." CNN. April 1, 2012.
- ^ "House passes GOP budget"
- ^ "The unrealistic assumptions behind Paul Ryan’s budget numbers"
- ^ "GOP budget changes nothing"
- ^ "Why the U.S. may never have a balanced budget again"
- ^ "Georgetown University group letter to Rep. Paul Ryan"
- ^ "Catholic bishops say GOP budget proposal fails moral test"
- ^ Benen, Steve. "Paul Ryan vs. the Bishops." MSNBC. April 20, 2012.
- ^ "Paul Ryan - Ayn Rand's Relevance in 2009"
- ^ "House OKs $642 billion defense bill"
- ^ H.R. 6110: Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2008. United States Congress. Government Printing Office.
- ^ "Summary of H.R. 6110: Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2008". Congressional Research Service. Library of Congress. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR06110:@@@D&summ2=m&.
- ^ http://www.americanroadmap.org/
- ^ "All Congressional Actions of H.R. 6110: Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2008". Library of Congress. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR06110:@@@X.
- ^ Ryan, Paul (April 1, 2009). "The GOP's Alternative Budget". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123854083982575457.html.
- ^ a b Espo, David (April 19, 2009). "Republicans still struggling in Congress". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8462838.
- ^ Hulse, Carl (April 1, 2009). "Pushed to Act, House G.O.P. Pitches a Budget". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/02/us/politics/02budget.html?fta=y.
- ^ Pershing, Ben (April 5, 2009). "GOP May Be Stuck on Cohesion". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/04/AR2009040402579.html.
- ^ "38 Republicans Vote Against GOP's Alternative Budget". Newsmax. http://www.newsmax.com/headlines/ryan_budget/2009/04/02/199182.html.
- ^ The Budget Committee Republicans. "A Roadmap For America's Future". http://www.roadmap.republicans.budget.house.gov.
- ^ a b Ambinder, Marc (2010-03-11). "If Paul Ryan's Roadmap Is the Republican Way, Why Aren't Republicans Driving On it?". The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/if-paul-ryans-roadmap-is-the-republican-way-why-arent-republicans-driving-on-it/37364.
- ^ a b c Klein, Ezra (2010-02-01). "Rep. Paul Ryan's daring budget proposal". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/ezra-klein/2010/02/rep_paul_ryans_daring_budget_p.html.
- ^ "House Passes Ryan Plan; all Democrats vote no". 2011-04-15. http://www.newser.com/story/116503/house-passes-ryan-plan-all-democrats-vote-no.html.
- ^ "Senate rejects budget measure containing medicare overhaul". CNN. 2011-05-25. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-25/politics/senate.medicare_1_medicare-overhaul-budget-plan-budget-proposal?_s=PM:POLITICS.
- ^ Krugman, Paul (August 6, 2010), "The Flimflam Man", The New York Times: A23, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/06/opinion/06krugman.html?_r=1, retrieved 2010-08-13
- ^ Gayer, Ted (August 6, 2010). "In Defense of Congressman Paul Ryan". Tax Policy Center. http://taxvox.taxpolicycenter.org/blog/_archives/2010/8/6/4598007.html. Retrieved 2010-08-13.
- ^ a b Ponnuru, Ramesh. "Ryan vs. The Mythmakers." National Review. May 2, 2011. Pg. 34.
- ^ House Committee On the Budget. "Hearing Highlights." January 6, 2011. URL: http://budget.house.gov/healthcare/hearing1262011.htm
- ^ Klein, Ezra (December 15, 2011). "Wonkbook: Paul Ryan and Ron Wyden want to bring Obamacare to Medicare". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/wonkbook-paul-ryan-and-ron-wyden-want-to-bring-obamacare-to-medicare/2011/12/15/gIQAj0CnvO_blog.html.
- ^ Congressman Paul Ryan Voices Concerns with H.R. 3261 January 9, 2012. URL: http://paulryan.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274134
- ^ Wisconsin House 01 CNN AllPolitics Election Night 1998. November 4, 1998. Retrieved April 1, 2010.
- ^ a b WI House 01 2008 CQ Politics Wisconsin - 1st District. November 4, 2008. Retrieved April 4, 2010.
- ^ "Paul Ryan - US Congress - Paul and Janna Ryan Announce Son's Birth". Ryanforcongress.com. http://www.ryanforcongress.com/site/Viewer.aspx?iid=9925&mname=Article. Retrieved 2011-04-09.
- ^ ""U.S. Congressman Paul Ryan"". U.S. Congressional biography. August 2010. http://paulryan.house.gov/Biography/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: U.S. Rep. Paul Ryan |
- Congressman Paul Ryan official U.S. House site
- Paul Ryan for U.S. Congress official campaign site
- A Roadmap for America's Future Paul Ryan's alternative to the United States federal budget
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Congressional profile at GovTrack
- Congressional profile at OpenCongress
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
- Staff salaries, trips and personal finance at LegiStorm.com
- Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances on Charlie Rose
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about Paul Ryan in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Health Care Reform: The Long-Term Perspective at Cato Institute, June 2009
- Monitor Breakfast conversation on medicare voucher reform at Christian Science Monitor, December 2010
| United States House of Representatives | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Mark Neumann |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Wisconsin's 1st congressional district 1999–present |
Incumbent |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by John M. Spratt, Jr. South Carolina |
Chairman of House Budget Committee 2011–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| United States order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Grace Napolitano D-California |
United States Representatives by seniority 156th |
Succeeded by Jan Schakowsky D-Illinois |
|
|||||||||||
| Representatives to the 106th–112th United States Congresses from Wisconsin (ordered by seniority) | ||
|---|---|---|
| 106th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | J. Kleczka | T. Barrett | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | M. Green | P. Ryan |
| 107th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | J. Kleczka | T. Barrett | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | M. Green | P. Ryan |
| 108th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | J. Kleczka | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | M. Green | P. Ryan |
| 109th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | M. Green | P. Ryan | G. Moore |
| 110th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | P. Ryan | G. Moore | S. Kagen |
| 111th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Feingold | House: D. Obey | J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | P. Ryan | G. Moore | S. Kagen |
| 112th | Senate: H. Kohl | R. Johnson | House: J. Sensenbrenner | T. Petri | R. Kind | T. Baldwin | P. Ryan | G. Moore | S. Duffy | R. Ribble |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ryan, Paul |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | January 29, 1970 |
| Place of birth | Janesville, Wisconsin |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Paul_Ryan
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http://pt.wn.com/Paul Ryan
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http://de.wn.com/Paul Ryan (Politiker)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Not to be confused with Jamie Fox.
| Jamie Foxx | |
|---|---|
 Foxx promoting Stealth in July 2005 |
|
| Birth name | Eric Marlon Bishop |
| Born | (1967-12-13) December 13, 1967 (age 44) Terrell, Texas, United States |
| Medium | Stand up, Film, Television, Radio, Music |
| Nationality | American |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Genres |
Musical comedy, Political satire, Observational comedy, Character comedy, Black comedy (as actor) R&B, hip hop, soul, pop(as singer and rapper) |
| Subject(s) | Race relations, Racism, African-American culture, Celebrities, Human sexuality, American politics, Current events, Self-deprecation |
| Influences | Redd Foxx[1] |
| Notable works and roles | Law Abiding Citizen Jamie King on The Jamie Foxx Show Ray Charles in Ray Nico in Rio |
| Website | Official site |
Eric Marlon Bishop (born December 13, 1967), professionally known as Jamie Foxx, is an American actor, singer-songwriter, rapper, stand-up comedian, and talk radio host who began playing the piano when he was five years old. As an actor, his work in the film Ray earned him the Academy Award and BAFTA Award for Best Actor as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a musical/comedy. He is also a Grammy Award winning musician, producing three albums which have charted highly on the Billboard 200: Unpredictable, which topped the chart, Best Night of My Life and Intuition.
Born in Terrell, Texas, Foxx was raised by his mother's adoptive parents. He performed in high school and was awarded with a scholarship to United States International University. In his twenties, Foxx began performing stand-up at comedy clubs, and eventually joined the cast of In Living Color in 1991; this exposure helped him land film roles and star in his own sitcom, The Jamie Foxx Show. He released his debut album, Peep This, in 1994, but he did not gain significant musical success until 2004 when he was featured in Twista's song "Slow Jamz". Also in 2004, Foxx played critically acclaimed roles in the films Collateral and Ray. He released his second album, Unpredictable, in 2005, which was helped by his collaboration on Kanye West's number-one single "Gold Digger". His third album Intuition was released in 2008 and was anchored by the single "Blame It". Foxx released his fourth studio album, Best Night of My Life, in 2010.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Foxx was born as Eric Marlon Bishop on December 13, 1967, in Terrell, Texas.[2] He is the son of Louise Annette Talley Dixon and Shaheed Abdulah. Foxx was abandoned seven months after birth, and was subsequently adopted and raised in Terrell by his mother's adoptive parents. Terrell was a racially segregated community at the time.[3] Foxx had a strict Baptist upbringing[4][5] and began piano lessons at the age of five by his grandmother's orders. As a teenager, he was a part-time pianist and choir leader in Terrell's New Hope Baptist Church.[3]
Foxx attended Terrell High School, where he received top grades, played basketball and football as quarterback, and had an ambition to play for the Dallas Cowboys. He was the first player in the school's history to pass for more than 1,000 yards.[3][6] He also sang in a band called Leather and Lace.[3] After completing high school, Foxx received a scholarship to United States International University, where he studied classical music and composition.[3][7] He has often acknowledged his grandmother's influence in his life as one of the greatest reasons for his success.[4][8]
[edit] 1989-94: Stand-up career, acting debut, Peep This and legal issue
After accepting a girlfriend's dare, Foxx told jokes and at a comedy club's open mic night in 1989. When he found that comediennes were often called first to perform, he changed his name to Jamie Foxx, feeling that it was an ambiguous enough name to disallow any biases.[1][3] He chose his surname as a tribute to comedian Redd Foxx.[1] In addition his recurrent In Living Color character LaWanda shared names with Redd's friend and co-worker, LaWanda Page.
Foxx joined the cast of In Living Color in 1991 and subsequently played a recurring role in the comedy-drama sitcom Roc.[9] From 1996 to 2001, Foxx starred in his own sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, and made his film debut in the 1992 comedy Toys. His first dramatic role came in Oliver Stone's 1999 film Any Given Sunday, where he portrayed a hard-partying American football player.[4] He was cast in the role in part because of his background as a football player.[4] Following Any Given Sunday, Foxx was featured as taxi driver Max Durocher in the film Collateral alongside Tom Cruise, for which he received outstanding reviews and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.[4] In 1994, Foxx released an album (on the Fox record label) entitled Peep This.
In April 2003, Foxx was involved in an incident with two police officers who were attempting to escort him and his sister out of Harrah's casino in New Orleans. Employees claimed they had failed to show identification upon entry. Originally charged with trespassing, disturbing the peace, battery on police officers and resisting arrest, Foxx pleaded no contest to disturbing the peace in exchange for the other charges being dropped, and was sentenced to a six month suspended jail term with two years probation and a $1,500 fine.[10][11]
In 2003, Foxx made a cameo in Benzino's music video for "Would You", which features LisaRaye McCoy and Mario Winans.
[edit] 2004-06: Ray, Collateral, and Unpredictable
His music career shifted into a higher gear when, in 2004, he was featured on rapper Twista's song, "Slow Jamz", which also featured Kanye West. The song reached #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, as well as #3 on the UK Singles chart. Foxx's second collaboration with Kanye West, "Gold Digger," in which he sang the "I Got a Woman" Ray Charles-influenced hook, went straight to #1 on the Billboard Hot 100, and remained there for 10 weeks. In 2005, Foxx was featured on the single "Georgia" by Atlanta rappers Ludacris and Field Mob. The song sampled Ray Charles' hit "Georgia on My Mind." He also had a beginning verse on Kanye's "Gold Digger."
His standout performance, however, was his portrayal of Ray Charles in the biopic Ray (2004), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor[4] and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role. Foxx is the second male in history to receive two acting Oscar nominations in the same year for two different movies, Collateral and Ray. The only other male actor to achieve this was Al Pacino. In 2005, Foxx was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[12]
Foxx released his second studio album, Unpredictable, in December 2005. It debuted at #2, selling 598,000 copies in its first week.[13] The following week, the album rose to #1, selling an additional 200,000 copies.[14] To date, the album has sold 1.98 million copies in the United States, and was certified double Platinum by the RIAA.[15][16] The album also charted on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at #9.[17] Foxx became the fourth artist to have won an Academy Award® for an acting role and to have achieved a #1 album in the U.S. (The other three to accomplish this feat were Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, and Barbra Streisand.) Foxx's first single from the album, the title track "Unpredictable" (featuring Ludacris), samples "Wildflower" by New Birth. The song peaked in the Billboard Hot 100 Top 10 singles and also made the UK Top 20 singles chart. The second U.S. single from the album was "DJ Play a Love Song," which reunited Foxx with Twista. In the UK, however, the second single was "Extravaganza," which saw Foxx once again collaborate with Kanye West. He was not, however, featured in the song's music video.
At the 2006 Black Entertainment Television (BET) Awards, Foxx won Best Duet/Collaboration with Kanye West for "Gold Digger" and tied with Mary J. Blige's "Be Without You" for Video of the Year. On December 8, 2006, Foxx received four Grammy Award® nominations, which included Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for Love Changes featuring Mary J. Blige, Best R&B Album for Unpredictable, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for Georgia by Ludacris & Field Mob featuring Jamie Foxx, and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for Unpredictable featuring Ludacris.
[edit] 2006-2009: Dreamgirls, The Soloist, Intuition and Miley Cyrus incident
Following these successes, Foxx appeared in Jarhead, Miami Vice, and Dreamgirls, which were box-office hits, and lifted his profile even higher as a bankable star in Hollywood. 2007 brought him the lead role in the film The Kingdom opposite Chris Cooper, Jason Bateman, Jennifer Garner and Ashraf Barhom. In September 2007, Foxx was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He said, upon receiving the honor, "[it was] one of the most amazing days of my life."[18]
On January 22, 2007, Foxx was on Sirius Satellite Radio, announcing his new channel The Foxxhole. The channel features talk-radio programs, stand-up comedy albums, and music primarily by African-American performers, and features much of Foxx's own material as well. The Jamie Foxx Show, Foxx's own talk-radio variety program, airs Friday evenings on The Foxxhole, and features Johnny Mack, Speedy, The Poetess, Lewis Dix, and T.D.P., as his co-hosts. Guests include popular musicians, actors, and fellow comedians. He recorded a song with country superstars Rascal Flatts entitled "She Goes All the Way" for their album, Still Feels Good. Foxx also performed background vocals for artist/songwriter Tank. He and The-Dream are featured on Plies' "Please Excuse My Hands." He also appeared on the remix of Ne-Yo's "Miss Independent" entitled "She Got Her Own." The track also features Fabolous. Foxx then collaborated with rapper The Game on the track "Around The World." In April 2009, Foxx played the lead role in the dramatic film The Soloist. A few months later in October 2009, He played a starring role along side Gerard Butler in the thriller Law Abiding Citizen. In April 2011, Foxx voiced Nico, a canary in the movie Rio.
Foxx released his third album titled Intuition in 2008, featuring such artists as Kanye West, T.I., Ne-Yo, and T-Pain. The album's first single, "Just Like Me" featuring T.I., was promoted by a video directed by Brett Ratner and featuring an appearance by Taraji P. Henson. The second single "Blame It" featured T-Pain and became a top 5 single on the Billboard Hot 100 and a number-one single on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The "Blame It" music video, directed by Hype Williams, features cameo appearances by Forest Whitaker, Samuel L. Jackson, Ron Howard, Quincy Jones, and Jake Gyllenhaal, among others. Foxx was also featured on T.I.'s single "Live in the Sky" from the album King. On April 6, 2009 Foxx performed the George Strait song "You Look So Good in Love" at the George Strait Artist of the Decade All-Star Concert. Foxx has been a fan of country music for many years. Jamie Foxx hosted the 2009 BET Awards ceremony on June 28, 2009, which featured several tributes to pop star Michael Jackson, who had died three days prior to the show. Aside from performing "Blame It" with T-Pain and "She Got Her Own" with Ne-Yo and Fabolous, Foxx opened the show with a rendition of Jackson's "Beat It" dance routine and closed the show with a cover of The Jackson 5's "I'll Be There" with Ne-Yo. Foxx stated during the ceremony, "We want to celebrate this black man. He belongs to us and we shared him with everybody else."
On the April 17, 2009 episode of The Jamie Foxx Show on Foxxhole Radio, Foxx and his co-hosts made several sexually suggestive and disparaging jokes regarding teenaged singer Miley Cyrus, in response to a caller's comment on a recent altercation between Cyrus and rock band Radiohead.[19] Foxx issued a public apology on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno several days later in response to growing public outcry as well as televised criticism by Cyrus's father, country singer Billy Ray Cyrus.[20]
[edit] 2010-present: Django Unchained and Best Night of My Life
In 2011, Foxx was officially cast in the title role of, Django Unchained. It will be written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, and he will star alongside his Ray co-star Kerry Washington, Christoph Waltz, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Samuel L. Jackson. As a producer, Foxx played a role in In the Flow with Affion Crockett on Fox in summer 2011.[21]
Foxx released his fourth album, Best Night of My Life, on December 21, 2010.[22] The first single is "Winner", featuring Justin Timberlake and T.I..[23] The second single is "Living Better Now" featuring rapper Rick Ross and the third single is "Fall For Your Type" featuring rapper Drake.[22] On October 7, RCA Music Group announced it was disbanding J Records along with Arista Records and Jive Records. With the shutdown, Foxx (and all other artists previously signed to these three labels) will release his future material on the RCA Records brand.[24][25] In 2011, Jamie Foxx was featured in the rapper Pitbull's album 'Planet Pitt' in the song "Where Do We go".
Personal life[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130126070237/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Foxx has a daughter, Corinne Bishop, who was born in 1994.[3] Former Jamie Foxx Show co-star Garcelle Beauvais made a public announcement stating that Foxx has a second child.[26] Foxx was spotted with the baby in Miami for New Year's Eve 2010, and it was revealed to be a girl.[27]
Foxx performed a public service announcement for Do Something to promote food drives in local communities.[28]
Jamie Foxx began playing the piano when he was five years old.
Discography[link]
Main article: Jamie Foxx discography
- Peep This (1994)
- Unpredictable (2005)
- Intuition (2008)
- Best Night of My Life (2010)
Hosted Mixtapes
Tours[link]
- The Unpredictable Tour (2006)
- The Blame It Tour (2009)
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | Toys | Baker | |
| 1996 | The Truth About Cats & Dogs | Ed | |
| The Great White Hype | Hassan El Ruk'n | ||
| 1997 | Booty Call | Bunz | |
| 1998 | The Players Club | Blue | |
| 1999 | Held Up | Michael | |
| Any Given Sunday | Willie Beamen | Nominated — BET Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Male Performance |
|
| 2000 | Bait | Alvin Sanders | |
| 2001 | Date from Heaven | ||
| Ali | Drew Bundini Brown | BET Award for Best Supporting Actor NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| 2003 | Shade | Larry Jennings | |
| 2004 | Breakin' All the Rules | Quincy Watson | Nominated — BET Award for Best Actor – Musical or Comedy |
| Collateral | Max | BET Award for Best Supporting Actor Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Nominated — NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role |
|
| Ray | Ray Charles | Academy Award for Best Actor BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role BET Award for Best Actor Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture National Board of Review Award for Best Actor National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor Satellite Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Seattle Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated — MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance Nominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Actor Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture |
|
| Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story | Tookie | BET Award for Best Actor – Network/Cable Television NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film Nominated — Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Male Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie |
|
| 2005 | Stealth | Lt. Henry Purcell | |
| Jarhead | Staff Sgt. Sykes | Nominated — Black Movie Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor | |
| 2006 | Miami Vice | Ricardo Tubbs | |
| Dreamgirls | Curtis Taylor, Jr. | Nominated — BET Award for Best Actor Nominated — NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture |
|
| 2007 | The Kingdom | Ronald Fleury | |
| 2009 | The Soloist | Nathaniel Ayers | Nominated — Black Reel Award for Best Actor |
| Law Abiding Citizen | Nick Rice | Nominated — BET Award for Best Actor Nominated — Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture |
|
| 2010 | Valentine's Day | Kelvin Moore | |
| Due Date | Darryl | ||
| I'm Still Here | Himself | ||
| 2011 | Rio | Nico | Voice |
| Horrible Bosses | Dean "Motherfucker" Jones | ||
| (2012) | Django Unchained | Django | Filming |
| Kane & Lynch | James Seth Lynch | Filming |
Awards and nominations[link]
Television Awards
- Image Awards
- 1998, Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series: The Jamie Foxx Show
- 1999, Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series: The Jamie Foxx Show (nominated)
- 2000, Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series: The Jamie Foxx Show (nominated)
- 2001, Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series: The Jamie Foxx Show (nominated)
Music awards
- American Music Awards
- 2009, Favorite R&B/Soul Male Artist (nominated)
- 2006, Favorite R&B/Soul Male Artist (winner)
- 2006, Favorite R&B/Soul Album: Unpredictable (nominated)
- BET Awards
- 2006, Best Male R&B Artist (nominated)
- 2006, Best Collaboration ("Unpredictable") with Ludacris (nominated)
- 2009, Best Collaboration ("Blame It") with T-Pain (Winner)
- 2009, Video of the Year: ("Blame It") (nominated)
- 2009, Best Male R&B Artist (nominated)
- Grammy Awards
- 2010, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group ("Blame It") with T-Pain (winner)
- 2010, Best Contemporary R&B Album (Intuition) (nominated)
- 2010, Best R&B Song ("Blame It") (nominated)
- 2007, Best Rap/Sung Collaboration ("Unpredictable") with Ludacris (nominated)
- 2007, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group ("Georgia") with Ludacris & Field Mob (nominated)
- 2007, Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group ("Love Changes") with Mary J. Blige (nominated)
- 2007, Best R&B Album (Unpredictable) (nominated)
- 2006, Best Rap/Sung Collaboration ("Slow Jamz") with Twista & Kanye West (nominated)
- 2006, Best Male R&B Vocal Performance ("Creepin") (nominated)
- Image Awards
- 2009, Outstanding Male Artist (winner)
- 2006, Outstanding Male Artist (winner)
- MOBO Awards
- 2006, Best R&B Act (nominated)
- MTV Video Music Awards
- 2006, Best Hip-Hop Video: "Gold Digger" with Kanye West (nominated)
- 2006, Best Ringtone: "Gold Digger" with Kanye West (nominated)
- 2006, Best R&B Video: "Unpredictable" featuring Ludacris (nominated)
- 2004, MTV2 Award: "Slow Jamz" with Twista & Kanye West (nominated)
- Soul Train Awards
- 2009, Record of the Year: "Blame It" (winner)
- 2009, Album of the Year: Intuition (nominated)
- 2007, Best R&B/Soul Album, Male: Unpredictable (winner)
- 2006, Best Music Video: "Gold Digger" with Kanye West (winner)
- 2006, Best R&B/Soul Dance Cut: "Gold Digger" with Kanye West (nominated)
- Vibe Awards
- 2005, Best Collabo: "Gold Digger" with Kanye West (nominated)
- 2004, Best Collabo: "Slow Jamz" with Twista & Kanye West (nominated)
Movie/TV Awards
- Academy Awards
- 2004, Nominated Best Supporting Actor – Collateral
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- BAFTA Awards
- 2005, Won Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role – Collateral
- BET Awards
- 2006, Nominated Best Actor
- 2005, Won Best Actor
- Black Movie Awards
- 2006, Nominated Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role – Jarhead
- Black Reel Awards
- 2007, Nominated – Best Actor – Dreamgirls
- 2005, Won Best Actor, Drama – Ray
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- 2004, Won Best Supporting Actor – Collateral
- 2004, Nominated – Best Actor, Musical or Comedy – Breakin' All the Rules
- 2002, Won Theatrical – Best Supporting Actor – Ali
- 2000, Nominated – Best Supporting Actor – Any Given Sunday
- Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
- 2000, Nominated – Favorite Supporting Actor – Drama – Any Given Sunday
- Boston Society of Film Critics Awards
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
- 2005, Won Critics Choice Award Best Actor – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Critics Choice Award Best Supporting Actor – Collateral
- Florida Film Critics Circle Awards
- 2004, Won FFCC Award Best Actor – Ray
- Golden Globes
- 2005, Won Golden Globe Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Golden Globe Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- 2004, Nominated Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture – Collateral
- Hollywood Film Festival
- 2004, Won Hollywood Breakthrough Award Breakthrough Actor
- Image Awards
- 2007, Nominated Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture – Dreamgirls
- 2005, Won Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture – Ray
- 2004, Won Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- 2004, Nominated Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture – Collateral
- 2002, Won Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture – Ali
- 2001, Nominated Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- 2000, Nominated Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- 1999, Nominated Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- 1998, Nominated Outstanding Actor in a Comedy Series – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- Independent Spirit Awards
- 2005, Nominated Best Male Lead – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards
- 2005, Won Best Actor – Ray (2004/I)
- Kids' Choice Awards
- 2001, Nominated Favorite Television Actor – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- 2000, Nominated Favorite Television Actor – "The Jamie Foxx Show"
- Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards
- 2005, Won Sierra Award Best Actor – Ray
- London Critics Circle Film Awards
- 2005, Won ALFS Award Actor of the Year – Ray
- MTV Movie Awards
- 2005, Nominated Best Male Performance – Ray
- 2000, Nominated Breakthrough Male Performance – Any Given Sunday
- MovieGuide Awards
- 2005, Won Grace Award Most Inspiring Television Acting – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- National Board of Review
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- National Society of Film Critics Awards
- 2005, Won Best Actor – Ray
- Online Film Critics Society Awards
- 2005, Nominated Best Actor – Ray
- 2004, Won Best Supporting Actor – Collateral
- People's Choice Awards
- 2008, Nominated Favorite Leading Man
- 2006, Nominated Favorite Leading Man
- Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards
- 2004, Won Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role – Ray
- Prism Awards
- 2005, Won Performance in a Feature Film – Ray
- Satellite Awards
- 2005, Won Golden Satellite Award Best Actor in a Miniseries or a Motion Picture Made for Television – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- 2004, Won Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Golden Satellite Award Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Drama – Collateral
- Screen Actors Guild Awards
- 2007, Nominated Actor Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture – Dreamgirls
- 2005, Won Actor Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Actor Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture – Ray
- 2004, Nominated Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role – Collateral
- 2004, Nominated Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries – Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (TV)
- Seattle Film Critics Awards
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- TV Land Awards
- 2007, Nominated Little Screen/Big Screen Star
- 2006, Nominated Little Screen/Big Screen Star
- Teen Choice Awards
- 2007, Nominated Choice Movie: Liplock – Dreamgirls
- 2005, Nominated Choice Movie Actor: Drama – Ray
- Vancouver Film Critics Circle
- 2005, Won Best Actor – Ray
- Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Awards
- 2004, Won Best Actor – Ray
- 2004, Won Best Supporting Actor – Collateral
- Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Award
- 2005, co-recipient, Crystal Award[29]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Jamie Foxx: King of the castle". The Independent (London: Independent News & Media). 2007-10-02. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/jamie-foxx-king-of-the-castle-394166.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ Kellman, Andy. "Jamie Foxx – Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p44725. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g Rader, Dotson (2005-11-20). "Jamie Foxx". The Times (London: News Corporation): pp. 1–3. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article591526.ece. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ a b c d e f Inside the Actors Studio. Jamie Foxx, Season 11, Episode 1104. November 28, 2004.
- ^ "Marking the First Anniversary of TV One, Triple Golden Globe Nominee Jamie Foxx is Catherine Hughes' Special Guest oN "TV One on One" January 17". 2005-01-11. http://www.exodusnews.com/entertainment/Entertain109.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ Cohen, Sandy (2007-09-30). "Youth spent in church tickled Foxx's funny bone". FindArticles (CBS Corporation): pp. 1, 2. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20070930/ai_n21023973. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Morris, Janice (2004-08-05). "5 Reasons You Gotta Know ... Jamie Foxx". People. Time. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,675861,00.html. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
- ^ Jones, Steve (2005-12-20). "Jamie Foxx: New king of all media?". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-12-20-foxx_x.htm. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Jamie Foxx Biography". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/movies/person/21681/personmain.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "CNN.com – Police: Actor Jamie Foxx in casino brawl – Apr. 26, 2003!". 2003-04-26. http://www.cnn.com/2003/SHOWBIZ/TV/04/26/foxx/index.html. Retrieved 2010-05-05.
- ^ "Casino Fight Gets Jamie Foxx Probation – Jamie Foxx : People.com". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,627613,00.html.
- ^ "Academy Invites 112 to Membership.". Oscars.org. June 24, 2005. http://www.oscars.org/press/pressreleases/2005/05.06.24.html.
- ^ Hasty, Katie (2005-12-28). "Blige's 'Breakthrough' Bows At No. 1". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001771325. Retrieved 2009-02-23. [dead link]
- ^ Hasty, Katie (2006-01-04). "Foxx Overtakes Blige On Album Chart". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001804431. Retrieved 2009-02-23. [dead link]
- ^ Cohen, Jonathan (2008-11-06). "Jamie Foxx Taps Into 'Intuition'". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003888071. Retrieved 2009-02-23. [dead link]
- ^ "RIAA – Gold & Platinum". RIAA. http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=jamie%20foxx&format=ALBUM&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Jamie Foxx – Unpredictable – Music Charts". αCharts. http://acharts.us/album/14257. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ "Jamie Foxx gets Walk of Fame star." BBC News. September 15, 2007.
- ^ "Jamie Foxx Slams Miley Cyrus: "Make a Sex Tape...Do Some Heroin"". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b118545_jamie_foxx_slams_miley_cyrus_make_sex.html. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ "Jamie Foxx Apologizes to Miley Tonight". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b118751_jamie_foxx_apologizes_miley_tonight.html. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
- ^ Thielman, Sam (April 26, 2011). "Fox unveils Jamie Foxx laffer details". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118035888?refCatId=14.
- ^ a b http://www.rap-up.com/2010/11/18/jamie-foxx-renames-album-sets-release-date/
- ^ "Winner". Songfacts.com. http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=19255. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
- ^ http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story
- ^ http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2268707
- ^ "Jamie Foxx Actress Reveals Secret Baby". bvnewswire.com. http://www.bvnewswire.com/2009/08/12/jamie-foxx-actress-reveals-secret-baby/. "We saw each other Easter Sunday at a friend's house and he came with his lovely daughter and he told me that he had a new baby," the actress dished to Wendy Williams during a live telecast of her eponymous daily show. "I said, 'Wow, Jamie do I know the baby mamma?' and he Jamie Foxx Showgoes, ' No.' Then I go (jokingly,) 'Do you know the baby mama?'."
- ^ http://theybf.com/2010/12/29/first-pics-of-jamie-foxxs-new-baby-girl
- ^ "Jamie Foxx Promotes Feed the Need". Do Something. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MM3AFpo0vQ&feature=channel_page.html. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
- ^ Keck, William (2005-06-12). "No raised eyebrows at Lucy Awards". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-06-12-lucy-awards_x.htm.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Foxx, Jamie |
| Alternative names | Bishop, Eric Marlon |
| Short description | Actor, singer, comedian |
| Date of birth | December 13, 1967 |
| Place of birth | Terrell, Texas |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jill Biden | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Second Lady of the United States | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 20, 2009 |
|
| Preceded by | Lynne Cheney |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jill Tracy Jacobs (1951-06-05) June 5, 1951 (age 61)[1] Hammonton, New Jersey |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Bill Stevenson (1970–76) Joseph Robinette Biden, Jr. (1977–present) |
| Children | Ashley Biden Beau Biden (stepson) R. Hunter Biden (stepson) |
| Alma mater | University of Delaware (Ed.D.) West Chester University (M.Ed.) Villanova University (M.A.) University of Delaware (B.A.) |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism[1] |
| Signature |  |
Jill Tracy Biden (née Jacobs, previously Stevenson; born June 5, 1951) is an American educator and, as the wife of Vice President Joe Biden, is the Second Lady of the United States.
She was born in Hammonton, New Jersey and grew up in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania. She married Joe Biden in 1977 and became stepmother to his two young sons from his first marriage, Beau and Hunter, whose mother and baby sister died in a car accident. Joe and Jill Biden have a daughter, Ashley, born in 1981.
Jill Biden has a bachelor's degree from the University of Delaware, master's degrees from West Chester University and Villanova University and a doctoral degree from the University of Delaware. She taught English and reading in high schools for 13 years, and also taught adolescents with emotional disabilities at a psychiatric hospital. From 1993 to 2008, she was an English and writing instructor at Delaware Technical & Community College. Since 2009, she has been a professor of English at Northern Virginia Community College and is thought to be the first Second Lady to hold a paying job while her husband is Vice President. She is the founder of the Biden Breast Health Initiative non-profit organization, co-founded the Book Buddies program, and is active in Delaware Boots on the Ground.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Jill Tracy Jacobs was born in Hammonton, New Jersey.[2] Moving several times while very young, she and her four younger sisters spent the majority of their childhood in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania.[3][4] Her father, Donald C. Jacobs (1927–1999),[5] was a bank teller who became head of a savings and loan in Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania.[6] His family name had originally been Giacoppa before her Italian grandfather anglicized it.[6][7] Her mother, Bonny Jean Jacobs (1930–2008),[3] was a homemaker.[5] The family was not particularly religious, but in ninth grade, Jacobs independently took classes in order to join the Presbyterian church.[6]
Jacobs always intended to have her own career.[8] She began working at age 15, which included waitressing at the Jersey Shore.[6][8] She attended Upper Moreland High School, where she was somewhat rebellious and enjoyed her social life, but always liked English class.[9] She graduated in 1969.[10]
Education and career, marriage and family[link]
Jacobs enrolled in a junior college in Pennsylvania to study fashion merchandising, but soon found it unsatisfying.[6] She married Bill Stevenson, a former college football player, in February 1970.[11] Within a couple of years he opened the Stone Balloon in Newark, Delaware, near the University of Delaware.[11] It became one of the most successful college bars in the nation.[11]
She enrolled at the University of Delaware, where she declared English as her major.[6] She then took a year off from college and did some modelling work for a local agency in Wilmington.[6][11] She and Stevenson drifted apart.[11]
Subsequently, she returned to college and met Joe Biden as a senior at Delaware in March 1975.[8] They met on a blind date set up by Joe's brother, though Biden had seen her in a local advertisement.[8] She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Delaware later in 1975.[12][13] She began her career teaching high school English.[8] Meanwhile, she was going through turbulent divorce proceedings with Stevenson; the court case ended in 1976, with her not getting the half-share in the Stone Balloon she had wanted.[11]
She and Joe Biden were married on June 17, 1977 at the Chapel at the United Nations in New York City by Melvin Hawthorne, Chaplain of the Church Center of the United Nations, about five years after Joe Biden's first wife and infant daughter died in a car accident.[2] Joe had proposed several times before she accepted, hesitant to take on the commitment of raising his two young sons who survived the accident.[6] She continued to teach and then, while pregnant, received a Master of Education with a specialty in Reading from West Chester University in 1981.[6][12][14] The Bidens' daughter Ashley Blazer was born on June 8, 1981,[15] and Jill stopped working for two years while raising the three children.[16]
She then returned to work, teaching English, acting as a reading specialist, and teaching history to emotionally disturbed students.[8] She taught in the adolescent program at the Rockford Center psychiatric hospital for five years in the 1980s.[2][6] In 1987, Biden received a second Master of Arts degree, this one in English from Villanova University.[2][12] During her husband's 1988 bid for the Presidency, she said she would continue her job of teaching emotionally disturbed children even if she became First Lady.[17] In all, she spent 13 years teaching in public high school,[8] including 3 years at Claymont High School.[6]
From 1993 through 2008, Biden was an instructor at the Stanton/Wilmington campus of Delaware Technical & Community College,[12][18][19] where she taught English composition and remedial writing, with an emphasis on instilling confidence in students.[18][20] She has said of teaching at a community college, "I feel like I can make a greater difference in their lives. I just love that population. It just feels really comfortable to me. I love the women who are coming back to school and getting their degrees, because they're so focused."[18]
Biden is president of the Biden Breast Health Initiative, a nonprofit organization begun in 1993 that provides educational breast health awareness programs free of charge to schools and other groups in the state of Delaware.[21][22] In the following 15 years, the organization informed more than 7,000 high school girls about proper breast health.[23] In 2007, Biden helped found Book Buddies, which provides books for low-income children,[23] and has been very active in Delaware Boots on the Ground, an organization that supports military families.[20] She runs five miles, five times a week, and she has run in the Marine Corps Marathon.[8]
Biden later returned to school for her doctoral degree, studying under her birth name, Jill Jacobs.[16] In January 2007, at age 55, she received a Doctor of Education in educational leadership from the University of Delaware.[2][23][24][25] Her dissertation, Student Retention at the Community College: Meeting Students' Needs, was published under the name Jill Jacobs-Biden.[24]
Role in 2008 presidential campaign[link]
Following George W. Bush's reelection in 2004, she urged her husband to run again for President,[19] later saying: "I literally wore black for a week. I just could not believe that he won, because I felt that things were already so bad. I was so against the [Iraq War]. And I said to Joe, 'You've got to change this, you have to change this.'"[18] During Joe Biden's 2008 campaign to be the Democratic nominee, she continued to teach during the week and would join him for campaigning on weekends.[19] She said that she would have taken an activist role in addressing education as her chief focus of concern as a potential First Lady.[26] She also said that she was basically apolitical and would not seek inclusion in Cabinet meetings.[19]
Once her husband was selected as the Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama's running mate, she began campaigning again. She wore a Blue Star Mothers Club pin in recognition of Beau Biden's deployment to Iraq.[18] She was not a polished political speaker, but was able to establish a connection with the audience.[18] She also made some joint appearances with Michelle Obama.[27] Throughout the time her husband was running for vice president, Jill Biden continued to teach four days a week at Delaware Technical & Community College during the fall 2008 semester, and then campaigned over the long weekend, while grading class papers on the campaign bus.[3][18][28]
Second Lady of the United States[link]
Despite moving to Number One Observatory Circle (the vice presidential residence in Washington) as Second Lady of the United States, Biden intended to keep teaching at a Washington-area community college, and several of them recruited her.[29][30][31] In January 2009, she began teaching two English courses as an adjunct professor at the Alexandria campus of Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), the second largest community college in the nation.[25][32] It has been rare for Second Ladies to work while their spouses serve as Vice President,[27][30] and Biden is thought to be the first Second Lady to hold a paying job while her husband is Vice President.[25] Biden planned to be a public advocate for the importance of community colleges and to advise the Obama administration on issues related to them.[32] In White House announcements and by her preference, she is referred to as "Dr. Jill Biden".[25][33]
Catherine Russell, a former adviser to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, was named Biden's chief of staff for her Second Lady role.[34] Courtney O’Donnell, a former spokesperson for Howard Dean and Elizabeth Edwards, was named her communications director[35] and Kirsten White, a lawyer at Morgan, Lewis & Bockius, her policy director.[36] As Second Lady, Biden has a staff of eight overall and occupies a corner suite in the Eisenhower Executive Office Building.[33]
On The Oprah Winfrey Show just before the inauguration, Jill Biden said that Barack Obama had offered her husband either the Vice-Presidency or the position of U.S. Secretary of State.[37][38] However, Joe Biden's spokesperson stated that Biden had only been offered one job by Obama.[38] In May 2009, Obama announced that Biden would be in charge of an initiative to raise awareness about the value of community colleges.[39]
In June 2009, Biden gave the commencement address at Kingsborough Community College in Brooklyn, New York,[40] and received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from the City University of New York.[41] Biden continued teaching two English reading and writing classes at NOVA in fall 2009.[42] In January 2010, she gave the commencement speech at the University of Delaware's winter commencement, the first such address by her at a major university.[43] In August 2010, Biden appeared as herself in an episode of Lifetime's Army Wives, making it part of her campaign to raise awareness of military families.[44] In April 2011, she and Michelle Obama joined to start a national initiative to showcase the needs of U.S. military families.[45] She continued to teach at NOVA,[46] and by 2011 held a permanent position as an associate professor, teaching three English and writing composition courses two days per week.[47] Her position there was as normal as she could make it, sharing a cubicle with another teacher, holding regular office hours for students, and trying to get her accompanying Secret Service agents to dress as unobviously as possible.[47] Her life with her husband at Number One Observatory Circle tended towards the informal and was centered around family and their nearby grandchildren.[47]
In September 2011, Dr. Biden lent her support to USAID’s FWD campaign, a push for awareness surrounding the deadly famine, war, and drought affecting over 13 million people in the Horn of Africa. Her announcement of the initiative coincided with the release of several celebrity Public Service Announcements. Along with Uma Thurman, Geena Davis, Josh Hartnett, and Chanel Iman, Biden was featured in one of the television and Internet spots revealing that one child dies every six minutes in the Horn of Africa.[48]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Meet the Bidens: Inauguration 2009". The Washington Post. 2009-01-20. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/documents/Meet_The_Bidens.html. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ a b c d e Farrell, Joelle (2008-08-27). "Colleagues see a caring, giving Jill Biden". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2008-09-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20080901030119/http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20080827_Colleagues_see_a_caring__giving_Jill_Biden.html. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ a b c Nathans, Aaron (2008-10-06). "Joe Biden's mother-in-law dies at 78" (fee required). The News Journal. http://search.delawareonline.com/sp?skin=100&aff=1117&keywords=Joe+Biden%27s+mother-in-law+dies+at+78&pubDate=180&author=. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
- ^ "Meet Dr. Jill Biden". Progress Ohio.org. http://www.progressohio.org/page/community/post/daveharding/CHBm. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ a b "Donald C. Jacobs, 72". The Philadelphia Inquirer. 1999-06-09. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB5CE453393F8F9&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Van Meter, Jonathan (November 2008). "All the Vice-President's Women". Vogue. http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/jill-bidenbrall-the-vice-presidents-women/. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- ^ Argetsinger, Amy and Roberts, Roxanne (2009-06-01). "Obamas' Chow: Politically Palatable". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/31/AR2009053102568.html. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Seelye, Katharine Q. (2008-08-24). "Jill Biden Heads Toward Life in the Spotlight". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/25/us/politics/25wife.html. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Tasker, Annie (2008-11-07). "Jill Biden getting attention". Bucks County Courier Times. http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/113-11072008-1617762.html. Retrieved 2008-11-07. [dead link]
- ^ Cosentino, Dom (2008-08-28). "Upper Moreland grad Jill Biden in campaign limelight". Bucks County Courier Times. Archived from the original on 2008-09-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20080901170350/http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/111-08282008-1582679.html. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ a b c d e f Markovetz, Jessie (2006-11-21). "Behind the Stone Balloon: Part 1". The Review (University of Delaware). http://www.udreview.com/2.1980/behind-the-stone-balloon-1.142251. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ^ a b c d "Administrative, Instructional, and Student Services Personnel". Delaware Technical & Community College. http://www.dtcc.edu/catalog/pdf/personnel.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ Thomas, Neil (2008-11-05). "University of Delaware plays major role in national election". University of Delaware. http://www.udel.edu/udaily/2009/nov/election110508.html. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
- ^ Stern, Frank (2008-10-20). "The Quad talks with Jill Biden". The Quad. http://media.www.wcuquad.com/media/storage/paper676/news/2008/10/20/News/The-Quad.Talks.With.Jill.Biden-3495422.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ^ "Iowa Caucuses '08: Joe Biden: Timeline". The Des Moines Register. http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?Category=caucus&template=detail&candidate=biden. Retrieved 2009-02-04. [dead link]
- ^ a b Hale, Charlotte (2007-03-19). "Determined to stay in school" (fee required). The News Journal. http://search.delawareonline.com/sp?skin=100&aff=1117&keywords=%22It%20was%20Joe,%20the%20boys,%20and%20the%20state%20of%20Delaware%22. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
- ^ Caroli, Betty Boyd (2003). First Ladies: From Martha Washington to Laura Bush. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 0-19-516676-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g Copeland, Libby (2008-10-23). "Campaign Curriculum". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/22/AR2008102203657.html. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
- ^ a b c d Norris, Michelle (2008-01-01). "Presidential Candidates' Spouses: Jill Biden". All Things Considered (NPR). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17764989. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ a b Gaouette, Nicole (2008-08-27). "Jill Biden has a low-key appeal". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2008-09-01. http://web.archive.org/web/20080901034809/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/washingtondc/la-na-jill27-2008aug27,0,4471572.story. Retrieved 2008-08-28.
- ^ Churnin, Nancy (August 23, 2008). "Obama's VP pick, Joe Biden, could heighten breast cancer awareness". The Dallas Morning News. http://fitnessblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2008/08/expect-more-breast-cancer-awar.html. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ "About Us". Biden Breast Health Initiative. http://www.bidenbreasthealthinitiative.org/aboutus.html. Retrieved 2009-02-04. [dead link]
- ^ a b c "Dr. Jill Biden". The White House. http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/jill_biden/. Retrieved 2009-01-22.
- ^ a b Jacobs-Biden, Jill (2006) (fee required, partial preview available). Student Retention at the Community College: Meeting Students' Needs. University of Delaware. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1251897961&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD&cfc=1e=PQD&cfc=1.
- ^ a b c d Abcarian, Robin (2009-02-02). "Jill Biden, doctor of education, is back in class". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-dr-jill-biden2-2009feb02,0,7421785.story. Retrieved 2009-02-02.
- ^ "Democrat Candidate Spouses: Jill Biden". Time. 2007-09-13. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1660946_1661078,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ a b Lee, Carol E. (2008-11-27). "Jill Biden: Untraditional, unapologetic". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/16040.html. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
- ^ Pleming, Sue (2008-11-03). "Jill Biden, teacher who avoids 'Washington scene'". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/joeBiden/idUSN0143167020081103. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
- ^ Evans, Heidi (2008-12-28). "From a blind date to second lady, Jill Biden's coming into her own". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2008/12/27/2008-12-27_from_a_blind_date_to_second_lady_jill_bi.html?page=0. Retrieved 2009-01-03.
- ^ a b Bosman, Julie (2008-11-21). "‘Amtrak Joe’ No More". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/23/fashion/23biden.html. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
- ^ "Campuses Crusade to Secure Prof. Biden". The Washington Post. 2009-01-16. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/reliable-source/2009/01/campuses_crusade_to_secure_pro.html. Retrieved 2009-01-16.
- ^ a b Rucker, Philip (2009-01-27). "Jill Biden Returns to the Classroom". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/44/2009/01/27/jill_biden_returns_to_the_clas.html?hpid=news-col-blog. Retrieved 2009-01-27.
- ^ a b Lee, Carol E. (2009-06-12). "Dr. Jill Biden's public debut". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0609/23663.html. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ Rucker, Philip (2008-11-25). "Biden Beefs Up Staff". The Washington Post. http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/11/25/biden_beefs_up_staff.html. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
- ^ Wagman, Jake (2009-01-06). "St. Louis native will speak for Jill Biden". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. http://www.stltoday.com/blogzone/political-fix/political-fix/2009/01/st-louis-native-will-speak-for-jill-biden/. Retrieved 2009-01-06. [dead link]
- ^ "Vice President Biden announces key staff appointments". BNO News. Thaindian News. 2009-03-24. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/politics/vice-president-biden-announces-key-staff-appointments_100170407.html. Retrieved 2009-03-31.
- ^ "Jill Biden lets slip secret about Joe". Star Tribune (Minneapolis). 2009-01-19. http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/37849314.html?elr=KArksLckD8EQDUoaEyqyP4O:DW3ckUiD3aPc:_Yyc:aUnciaec8O7EyUsI. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ a b Seelye, Katharine Q. (2009-01-19). "The Bidens on Oprah". The New York Times. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/the-bidens-on-oprah/. Retrieved 2009-01-20.
- ^ "Obama says job losses sobering, but sees progress". Agence France-Press. 2009-05-08. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iGr8abuzwYYWi91x-7O68TzBVXjQ. Retrieved 2009-05-18.
- ^ Saltonstall, David (2009-06-12). "Second Lady Jill Biden captivates Kingsborough Community College students". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/2009/06/12/2009-06-12_second_lady_jill_biden_captivates_kingsborough_community_college_students.html. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ "Dr. Jill Biden to Deliver Commencement Address at Kingsborough Community College" (Press release). PRNewswire. 2009-06-04. http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/06-04-2009/0005038635&EDATE=. Retrieved 2009-06-16.
- ^ Sweet, Lynn (2009-09-03). "Jill Biden, Captain of the Vice Squad". Politics Daily. http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/09/03/jill-biden-captain-of-the-vice-squad/. Retrieved 2009-09-08.
- ^ "Jill Biden Speaks to UD Grads". Associated Press. WBOC-TV. 2010-01-09. http://www.wboc.com/Global/story.asp?S=11795605. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
- ^ Wlach, Jen; Ferran, Lee (2010-08-06). "Second Lady Jill Biden's Acting Debut to Help Military Families". Good Morning America (ABC News). http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/jill-biden-military-families/story?id=11335486. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
- ^ Bradley, Tahman (2011-04-09). "Michelle Obama, Jill Biden & Celebrities Highlight the Needs of Military Families". Political Punch (ABC News). http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2011/04/michelle-obama-jill-biden-celebrities-highlight-the-needs-of-military-families.html. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
- ^ "Biden Visits Japanese Embassy". Time. 2011-03-22. http://thepage.time.com/2011/03/22/biden-visits-japanese-embassy/. Retrieved 2011-04-10.
- ^ a b c Parnes, Amie (2011-06-28). "Joe and Jill Biden's 'regular' lives". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0611/57887.html. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
- ^ "Dr. Jill Biden Joins USAID and Ad Council to Debut FWD Campaign for the Crisis in the Horn of Africa", PR Newswire, October 26, 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jill Biden |
| Honorary titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Lynne Cheney |
Second Lady of the United States 2009–present |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by The Vice President |
United States order of precedence Second Lady of the United States |
Succeeded by Governor of state in which event is held |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Biden, Jill Tracy |
| Alternative names | Jacobs, Jill Tracy |
| Short description | American educator and academic; Second Lady of the United States (1909–present) |
| Date of birth | 1951-06-05 |
| Place of birth | Hammonton, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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