Stavropol

Sunday, 24 February 2013

Russia- Stavropol .... summer tour !!! @ Afrostavropol

Harlem shake in Novopavlovsk (Stavropol Territory School №2)

Shanti People - Sri Radhika Stava (Stavropol)

Shanti People - Mangala Gita (Stavropol)

Shanti People - Maha Mrityunjaya (Stavropol)

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Americas
The Americas, or America, are lands in the Western hemisphere, also known as the New World.
In the English language, the Americas refers to the landmasses of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions, whereas America, in current usage, usually refers to the United States of America.
The Americas cover 8.3% of the Earth's total surface area (28.4% of its land area) and contain about 13.5% of the human population (about 900 million people).
The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, are subject to ongoing research and discussion. The traditional theory has been that these early migrants moved into the Beringia land bridge between eastern Siberia and present-day Alaska around 40,000–17,000 years ago, when sea levels were significantly lowered due to the Quaternary glaciation. These people are believed to have followed herds of now-extinct pleistocene megafauna along ice-free corridors that stretched between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. Another route proposed is that, either on foot or using primitive boats, they migrated down the Pacific Northwest coast to South America. Evidence of the latter would since have been covered by a sea level rise of hundreds of meters following the last ice age.

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Anatolia
Coordinates: 39°N 32°E / 39°N 32°E / 39; 32
Anatolia (from Greek Ἀνατολή Anatolē — "east" or "(sun)rise"; also Asia Minor, from Greek: Μικρὰ Ἀσία Mikrá Asía "small Asia"; in modern Turkish: Anadolu) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland. Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to a line between the Gulf of Iskenderun and the Black Sea, approximately corresponding to the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.

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Azov
Azov (Russian: Азов; IPA: [aˈzof]) is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. Population: 82,882 (2010 Census preliminary results); 82,090 (2002 Census); 80,297 (1989 Census).
The mouth of the Don River has always been an important commercial center. At the start of the 3rd century BCE, the Greeks from the Bosporan Kingdom founded a colony here, which they called Tanais (after the Greek name of the river). Several centuries later, in the last third of 1st century BCE, the settlement was burnt down by king Polemon I of Pontus. The introduction of Greek colonists restored its prosperity, but the Goths practically annihilated it in the 3rd century. The site of ancient Tanais, now occupied by the khutor of Nedvigovka, has been excavated since the mid-19th century.
In the 10th century, the area passed under control of the Slavic princedom of Tmutarakan. The Kipchaks, seizing the area in 1067, renamed it Azaq (i.e., lowlands), from which appellation the modern name is derived. The Golden Horde claimed most of the coast in the 13th and 14th centuries, but the Venetian and Genoese merchants were granted permission to settle on the site of modern-day Azov and founded there a colony which they called Tana (or La Tana).

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Blagodarny
Blagodarny (Russian: Благода́рный) is a town and the administrative center of Blagodarnensky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Mokraya Buyvola River (Kuma's tributary), 150 kilometers (93 mi) east of Stavropol. Population: 32,736 (2010 Census preliminary results); 34,500 (2002 Census); 27,828 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1782 as the village of Blagodarnoye (Благода́рное). It was granted town status in 1971.^{[citation needed]}

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Budyonnovsk
Budyonnovsk (Russian: Будённовск), also spelled Budennovsk, is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Previously, it was named Svyatoy Krest (Свято́й Крест, lit. "holy cross") and Prikumsk (Прику́мск).^{[citation needed]} Population: 64,628 (2010 Census preliminary results); 65,687 (2002 Census); 55,350 (1989 Census).
The town was founded in 1799 by Armenian settlers from Derbent.
The Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis took place here on June 1995.
Budyonnovsk serves as the administrative center of Budyonnovsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated separately as a town of krai significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Budyonnovsk is incorporated within Budyonnovsky Municipal District as Budyonnovsk Urban Settlement.
On July 1, 2010, an Armenian apostolic church was opened in Budyonnovsk.

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Bulgaria
Coordinates: 42°45′N 25°30′E / 42.75°N 25.5°E / 42.75; 25.5
Bulgaria ⁱ/bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ (Bulgarian: България, IPA: [bɤ̞ɫˈɡarijɐ]), is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and the Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 14th-largest country. Its location has made it a historical crossroad for various civilisations and as such it is the home of some of the earliest metalworking, religious and other cultural artifacts in the world.
Prehistoric cultures began developing on Bulgarian lands during the Neolithic period. Its ancient history was marked by the presence of the Thracians, and later by the Greeks and Romans. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state dates back to the First Bulgarian Empire, which dominated most of the Balkans and functioned as a cultural hub for Slavic peoples during the Middle Ages. With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1396, its territories came under Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the Third Bulgarian State, recognised in 1908. The following years saw several conflicts with its neighbours, which prompted Bulgaria to align with Germany in both World Wars. In 1946 it became a Communist republic with a single-party system until 1989, when the Communist Party allowed multi-party elections. After 1990 Bulgaria transitioned to democracy and a market-based economy.

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Béziers
Coordinates: 43°20′51″N 3°13′08″E / 43.3476°N 3.219°E / 43.3476; 3.219
Béziers (French pronunciation: [be.zje]; Occitan: Besièrs) is a town in Languedoc in southern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Hérault department. Béziers hosts the famous Feria de Béziers, centred around bullfighting, every August. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event. Béziers is a member of the Most Ancient European Towns Network.
The town is located on a small bluff above the river Orb, about 10 km (6.2 mi) from the Mediterranean. At Béziers the Canal du Midi spans the river Orb as an aqueduct called the Pont-canal de l'Orb. claimed to be the first of its kind.
The site has been occupied since Neolithic times, before the influx of Celts. Roman Betarra was on the road that linked Provence with Iberia. The Romans refounded the city as a new colonia for veterans in 36/35 BC and called it Colonia Julia Baeterrae Septimanorum. Stones from the Roman amphitheatre were used to construct the city wall during the 3rd century.

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Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia (for endonyms, see below), is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea. It is home to the Caucasus Mountains, which contain Europe's highest mountain, Mt. Elbrus. Politically, the Caucasus region is separated between northern and southern parts.
The northern portion of the Caucasus is known as the Ciscaucasus and the southern portion as the Transcaucasus.
The Ciscaucasus contains the larger majority of the Greater Caucasus Mountain range, also known as the Major Caucasus mountains. It includes Southwestern Russia and northern parts of Georgia and Azerbaijan.
The Transcaucasus is bordered on the north by Russia, on the west by the Black Sea and Turkey, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the south by Iran. It includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. All of Armenia, Azerbaijan (excluding the northern parts) and Georgia (excluding the northern parts) are in South Caucasus.

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France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

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Georgiyevsk
Georgiyevsk (Russian: Гео́ргиевск) is a historical town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, situated in the Ciscaucasia on submontane tableland on the right bank of the Podkumok River (a tributary of the Kuma River), 210 kilometers (130 mi) southeast of Stavropol. Population: 72,126 (2010 Census preliminary results).
It was founded in September^{[citation needed]} 1777 as St. George fortress on the Azov-Mozdok defense line. In 1783, a treaty between the Russian Empire and Georgia was signed making Georgian king Erekle II a subject of Russia. After 1785, Georgiyevsk grew considerably. In 1786, it was granted town status. After 1802, it was the seat of Caucasian Governorate. The early 19th century marked a peak in Georgiyevsk's influence as a trading center. After 1822, the town's influence began to wane.
In 1875, a railway station was built 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) away in Nezlobnaya. This became a new beginning in town's development. In 1894, the first blacksmith works was founded. This was the beginning of "ArZiL", the biggest enterprise in the town. In 1900, a slaughter house and oil mill were founded. In the 1920s, Georgiyevsk became a big industrial and trade center of the Ciscaucasia.

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Iowa
Iowa (ⁱ/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.

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Ipatovo
Coordinates: 45°43′N 42°54′E / 45.717°N 42.9°E / 45.717; 42.9
Ipatovo (Russian: Ипа́тово) is a town and the administrative center of Ipatovsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Kalaus River about 120 kilometers (75 mi) northeast of Stavropol. Population: 26,055 (2010 Census preliminary results); 28,594 (2002 Census); 26,425 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1860 as a settlement of Chemrek. It was later renamed Vinodelnoye (Виноде́льное, lit. Winemaking) because there had been many state wine cellars. In 1935, the settlement was renamed Ipatovo in honor of Civil War hero P. M. Ipatov, who died here in 1918. Ipatovo was granted town status in 1979.

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Izobilny
Coordinates: 45°22′08″N 41°42′38″E / 45.36889°N 41.71056°E / 45.36889; 41.71056
Izobilny (Russian: Изоби́льный) is a town and the administrative center of Izobilnensky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located 54 kilometers (34 mi) northwest of Stavropol. Population: 40,546 (2010 Census); 38,926 (2002 Census); 32,905 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1895 due to the construction of a railroad. It was granted town status in 1965.

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Kislovodsk
Kislovodsk (Russian: Кислово́дск, lit. sour waters) is a spa city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, which lies in the North Caucasian region of the country, between the Black and Caspian Seas. The closest airport is located in the city of Mineralnye Vody. Population: 128,502 (2010 Census preliminary results); 129,788 (2002 Census); 114,414 (1989 Census).
Kislovodsk was founded in 1803 as a military station.^{[citation needed]} It is named after the many mineral springs around the city. Town status was granted to it in 1903.^{[citation needed]}
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kislovodsk as a fashionable spa attracted many musicians, artists, and members of the Russian aristocracy. Several of the events in Mikhail Lermontov's novel A Hero Of Our Time are set in Kislovodsk.
Administratively, along with seven rural localities, it is incorporated as the city of krai significance of Kislovodsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the city of krai significance of Kislovodsk is incorporated as Kislovodsk Urban Okrug.

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Mineralnye Vody
Mineralnye Vody (Russian: Минеральные Воды; IPA: [mʲɪnʲɪˈralʲnɨjə ˈvodɨ]; lit. mineral waters) is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located along the Kuma River and the main rail line between Rostov-on-Don and Baku (Azerbaijan). Population: 76,715 (2010 Census preliminary results); 75,644 (2002 Census); 70,961 (1989 Census).
The town serves as a gateway to Caucasian Mineral Waters. It has an airport connecting the town with some other major Russian destinations as well as some international destinations.
Mineralnye Vody serves as the administrative center of Mineralovodsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated separately as a town of krai significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the town of krai significance of Mineralnye Vody is incorporated within Mineralovodsky Municipal District as Mineralnye Vody Urban Settlement.
Mineralnye Vody has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb).

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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.

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Nazi Germany
The Third Reich, also Nazi Germany, is the common name for Germany when it was a totalitarian state ruled by Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). On 30 January 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany, quickly eliminating all opposition to rule as sole leader. The state idolized Hitler as its Führer ("leader"), centralizing all power in his hands. Historians have emphasized the hypnotic effect of his rhetoric on large audiences, and of his eyes in small groups. Kessel writes, "Overwhelmingly...Germans speak with mystification of Hitler's 'hypnotic' appeal..." Under the "leader principle", the Führer's word was above all other laws. Top officials reported to Hitler and followed his policies, but they had considerable autonomy. The government was not a coordinated, cooperating body, but rather a collection of factions struggling to amass power and curry favor with the Führer. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazi government restored prosperity and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy of free-market and central-planning practices. Extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of the Autobahns. The return to prosperity gave the regime enormous popularity; the suppression of all opposition made Hitler's rule mostly unchallenged.

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Neftekumsk
Coordinates: 44°45′N 44°59′E / 44.75°N 44.983°E / 44.75; 44.983
Neftekumsk (Russian: Нефтеку́мск) is a town and the administrative center of Neftekumsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kuma River, 305 kilometers (190 mi) east of Stavropol. Population: 27,700 (2010 Census preliminary results); 27,395 (2002 Census); 22,092 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1961 as an oil-extracting settlement. It was granted of urban-type settlement status in 1962 and town status in 1968.

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Nevinnomyssk
Nevinnomyssk (Russian: Невинномы́сск) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on both banks of the Kuban River at its confluence with the Bolshoy Zelenchuk River, 54 kilometers (34 mi) south of Stavropol. Population: 118,351 (2010 Census preliminary results); 132,141 (2002 Census); 121,355 (1989 Census); 92,000 (1973); 40,000 (1959).
Nevinnomyssk was founded in 1825 as a stanitsa near a small fort.^{[citation needed]} It was granted town status in 1939.^{[citation needed]}
Administratively, it is incorporated as the city of krai significance of Nevinnomyssk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the city of krai significance of Nevinnomyssk is incorporated as Nevinnomyssk Urban Okrug.
The Nevinnomyssk Canal starts in Nevinnomyssk. The Nevinnomysk Nitrogen plant is a major fertilizer manufacturer and the city's main employer. There are also several other chemical plants in the town.

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Novoalexandrovsk
Coordinates: 45°30′N 41°14′E / 45.5°N 41.233°E / 45.5; 41.233
Novoalexandrovsk (Russian: Новоалекса́ндровск) is a town and the administrative center of Novoalexandrovsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the bank of the Rasshevatka River, 110 kilometers (68 mi) southwest of Stavropol. Population: 26,759 (2010 Census preliminary results); 27,315 (2002 Census); 25,759 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1804 by settlers from Central Russia as the village of Novo-Alexandrovskoye (Но́во-Алекса́ндровское). In 1832, it was transformed into the Cossack stanitsa of Novoalexandrovskaya (Новоалекса́ндровская). It was granted town status and renamed Novoalexandrovsk in 1971.

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Novopavlovsk
Coordinates: 43°58′N 43°38′E / 43.967°N 43.633°E / 43.967; 43.633
Novopavlovsk (Russian: Новопа́вловск) is a town and the administrative center of Kirovsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Kura River. Population: 26,556 (2010 Census preliminary results); 23,235 (2002 Census); 18,589 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1777.

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Pazardzhik
Pazardzhik (Bulgarian: Пазарджик, also spelled as Pazardjik or Pazarjik) is a city situated along the banks of the Maritsa river, Southern Bulgaria. It is the capital of Pazardzhik Province and centre for the homonymous Pazardzhik Municipality. As of February 2011, the town has a population of 71,979 inhabitants.
Pazardzhik was founded by Tatars from what is today Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in 1485 on the left bank of the river Maritsa, near the market of the region, an important crossroad at the middle of this productive region, and named Tatar Pazardzhik (Tatar: Tatar Pazardjik, "small Tatar market"). Thanks to this favourable location, the settlement quickly developed. While it was very small at the beginning of the 19th century, it became the administrative centre for the region at the end of the century and remained so until the Liberation from Turkish occupation.
During the following centuries the town continued to grow and strengthened its position. Trade in iron, leather and rice prospered. The town impressed visitors with its beautiful houses and clean streets. In 1718 Gerard Kornelius Drish visited Pazardzhik and wrote "the buildings here according to construction, size and beauty stand higher than those of Niš, Sofia and all other places".

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Pyatigorsk
Pyatigorsk (Russian: Пятиго́рск) is a city in Stavropol Krai located on the Podkumok River, about 20 kilometers (12 mi) from Mineralnye Vody. Since January 19, 2010 it has been the administrative center of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. Population: 142,397 (2010 Census preliminary results); 140,559 (2002 Census); 129,499 (1989 Census).
The name Pyatigorsk is derived from the fused Russian words "пять гор" (five mountains) and the city is so called because of the five peaks of the Beshtau (which also means five mountains in Turkic) of the Caucasian mountain range overlooking the city. It was founded in 1780, and has been a health spa with mineral springs since 1803. Russian poet Mikhail Lermontov was shot in a duel at Pyatigorsk on July 27, 1841. There is a museum in the city devoted to his memory. The Zionist activist Joseph Trumpeldor was born in Pyatigorsk.
The city is situated on a small plateau, 512 meters (1,680 ft) above sea level, at the foot of Beshtau, Mashuk, and three other outliers of the Caucasus Mountains, which protect it on the north. The snow-covered summits of Mount Elbrus are visible to the south.

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Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian orthography: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was succeeded by the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest empires in world history, surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires: at one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern Europe across Asia and into North America.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean and into North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third largest population of the world at the time, after Qing China and the British Empire. Like all empires, it represented a large disparity in economic, ethnic and religious positions. Its government, ruled by the Emperor, was the last absolute monarchy in Europe at the time of its demise.

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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Stavropol
Stavropol (Russian: Ста́врополь; IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Stavropol Krai, Russia. Population: 398,266 (2010 Census preliminary results); 354,867 (2002 Census); 318,298 (1989 Census).
Stavropol was founded on October 22, 1777 following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 as a military encampment and designated as a city in 1785.^{[citation needed]} Prince Grigory Potemkin, who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at the request of Catherine the Great, played a leading role in the creation of the city. Don Cossacks, particularly those from the Khopersky Regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgiyevsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire.
The name "Stavropol" is a Russian rendition of a fictitious Greek name, Stauropolis (historically the name of an unrelated archbishopric in Caria, a Roman province in present Anatolia), meaning "the city of the cross". According to a legend, soldiers found a huge cross made out of stone when they were building the fortress in the future city location.^{[citation needed]}

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Stavropol Krai
Stavropol Krai (Russian: Ставропо́льский край, Stavropolsky kray) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai). Its administrative center is the city of Stavropol. Population: 2,786,281 (2010 Census).
Stavropol Krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major. It borders on Rostov Oblast, Krasnodar Krai, the Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Dagestan, the Chechen Republic, the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, and the Karachay–Cherkess Republic.
Stavropol is traversed by the northeasterly lines of equal latitude and longitude.
According to the 2010 Census, the population of the krai is 2,786,281; up from 2,735,139 recorded in the 2002 Census and further up from 2,410,379 recorded in the 1989 Census. The population of the krai is concentrated in the Kuban River and the Kuma River drainage basin, which used to be traditional Cossack land (see History of Cossacks). The Kuban Cossacks are now generally considered to be ethnic Russians, even though they are still an important minority in their own right in this area. Other notable ethnic groups include the Armenians (mostly Christian Hamsheni) and Greeks who have been settling here since at least the 18th century.

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Svetlograd
Coordinates: 45°20′7″N 42°51′17″E / 45.33528°N 42.85472°E / 45.33528; 42.85472
Svetlograd (Russian: Светлогра́д) is a town and the administrative center of Petrovsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia, located on the Kalaus River, 85 kilometers (53 mi) northeast of Stavropol. Population: 38,520 (2010 Census preliminary results); 39,370 (2002 Census); 37,213 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1750 as the village of Petrovskoye (Петро́вское). It was granted town status and renamed Svetlograd in 1965.

wn.com/Svetlograd
United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.

wn.com/United_States
Yessentuki
Yessentuki (Russian: Ессентуки́) is a city in Stavropol Krai, Russia, located at the base of the Caucasus Mountains. The city serves as a railway station in the Mineralnye Vody—Kislovodsk branch, and is situated 43 kilometers (27 mi) southwest of Mineralnye Vody and 17 kilometers (11 mi) west of Pyatigorsk. It is considered the cultural capital of Russia's Greek population and even today towards ten percent of its population is of Greek descent. Population: 100,969 (2010 Census preliminary results); 81,758 (2002 Census); 85,082 (1989 Census).
In 1798, the Russian military and border redoubt of Yessentuksky was laid on the right bank of the Bolshoy Yessentuchok River, near its confluence with the Podkumok River. After the construction of the Kislovodsk fortress in 1803, the redoubt was abolished, and only the Cossack post was kept on its site. The mineral waters of Yessentuki were first probed in 1810 by the Moscow doctor Fyodor Gaaz. Gaaz found two small wells with salty water (the present Gaazo-Ponomaryovsky spring) in the valley of the stream of Kislusha, about 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) northeast of the Yessentuksky post. A detailed study of Bugunta mineral waters (the original name of the waters, after the Bugunta River flowing nearby) was made in 1823 by the Russian doctor and pharmacologist A. P. Nelyubin, who found twenty more mineral springs on the slopes of the mountain he referred to as Shchelochnaya (Nelyubin's numbering of the Yessentuki mineral waters is still maintained). In 1825, General Yermolov founded the stanitsa of Yessentukskaya on the Bugunta River 3.5 kilometers (2.2 mi) northeast of the former Yessentuksky post;^{[citation needed]} its inhabitants were engaged in trade, trucking, and serving arriving patients. In 1839, water from springs ##23-26 was led to the common pool, where the first two baths of the wooden bathhouse were built at the expense of the Cossack Regiment Management.

wn.com/Yessentuki
Zelenokumsk
Coordinates: 44°24′25″N 43°52′50″E / 44.40694°N 43.88056°E / 44.40694; 43.88056
Zelenokumsk (Russian: Зеленоку́мск) is a town and the administrative center of Sovetsky District of Stavropol Krai, Russia. The Kuma River flows through the town. Population: 35,790 (2010 Census preliminary results); 40,340 (2002 Census); 35,140 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1762 as the selo of Vorontsovo-Alexandrovskoye (Воронцово-Александровское). It was granted work settlement status in 1963 and renamed Sovetskoye. Town status was granted to it in 1965 when it was renamed Zelenokumsk.

wn.com/Zelenokumsk
Zheleznovodsk
Zheleznovodsk (Russian: Железново́дск) is a town in Stavropol Krai, Russia. Population: 24,496 (2010 Census preliminary results); 25,135 (2002 Census); 28,460 (1989 Census).
The name of the town literally means iron-water-place, as the mineral waters springing from the earth in Zheleznovodsk were believed to have high content of iron.
Zheleznovodsk is situated in the saddle between Mounts Beshtau and Zheleznaya, in what the locals refer to as aerodynamic tube, which attracts strong winds in the winter.
Zheleznovodsk was the place of signing the Zheleznovodsk Communiqué by Boris Yeltsin, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Ayaz Mutalibov, Levon Ter-Petrosian on September 23, 1991.
Administratively, along with one urban-type settlement, it is incorporated as the town of krai significance of Zheleznovodsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the town of krai significance of Zheleznovodsk is incorporated as Zheleznovodsk Urban Okrug.
Zheleznovodsk, along with Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Kislovodsk, and Mineralnye Vody, is a part of the Caucasus Mineral Waters, a renowned Russian spa resort. The town economy revolves around sanatoria, where dozens of thousands of people from all over Russia and former Soviet republics come year-around to vacation and rest, as well as prevent and treat numerous stomach, kidney, and liver diseases.

wn.com/Zheleznovodsk

Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, tr. Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin; IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr sʲɪˈrɡʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈpuʂkʲɪn] ( listen); 6 June [O.S. 26 May] 1799 – 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1837) was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
Born into the Russian nobility in Moscow, Pushkin published his first poem at the age of fifteen, and was widely recognized by the literary establishment by the time of his graduation from the Imperial Lyceum in Tsarskoye Selo.
While under the strict surveillance of the Tsar's political police and unable to publish, Pushkin wrote his most famous play, the drama Boris Godunov. His novel in verse, Eugene Onegin, was serialized between 1825 and 1832.
Notoriously touchy about his honour, Pushkin fought a total of twenty-nine duels, and was fatally wounded in such an encounter with Georges-Charles de Heeckeren d'Anthès. D'Anthès, a French officer serving with the Chevalier Guard Regiment, had been attempting to seduce the poet's wife, Natalya Pushkina. Pushkin's early death at the age of 37 is still regarded as a catastrophe for Russian literature.

wn.com/Alexander_Pushkin
Alexander Suvorov
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров) (transliteration: Aleksandr Vasil'evič Suvorov; sometimes rendered as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince in Italy, Count of the Holy Roman Empire (граф Рымникский, князь Италийский) (24 November [O.S. 13 November] 1729 or 1730 – 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1800), was the fourth and last generalissimo^{[citation needed]} of the Russian Empire.
Suvorov is one of the few generals in history (along with Alexander the Great, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, and Genghis Khan) who never lost a battle. He was famed for his military manual The Science of Victory, and noted for several of his sayings, including "What is difficult in training will become easy in a battle", "The bullet is a mad thing, only the bayonet knows what it is about", and "Perish yourself but rescue your comrade!". He taught his soldiers to attack instantly and decisively: "attack with the cold steel–push hard with the bayonet!" He joked with the men, called the common soldiers 'brother', and shrewdly presented the results of detailed planning and careful strategy as the work of inspiration.

wn.com/Alexander_Suvorov
Anton Denikin
Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин; December 16 [O.S. December 4] 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army (1916) and one of the foremost generals of the White movement in the Russian Civil War.
Denikin was born in Szpetal Dolny village, now part of the Polish city Włocławek (then part of the Russian Empire). His father, Ivan Efimovich Denikin, had been born a serf in the province of Saratov. Sent as a recruit to do 25 years of military service, Ivan Denikin became an officer in the 22nd year of his army service, in 1856. He retired from the army in 1869 with the rank of major. In 1869 Ivan Denikin married a poor Polish seamstress, Elżbieta Wrzesińska — his second wife. Anton Denikin, the couple's only child, learned to speak two languages (Russian and Polish) at the same time. His father's commitment to Russian patriotism and the Orthodox religion led to Anton Denikin's decision to become a soldier.
The Denikins lived very close to poverty, the retired major's small pension being their only source of income. After his father's death in 1885, Denikin's family financial situation got even worse. Anton Denikin began tutoring younger schoolmates so that the family could earn additional income. In 1890 Denikin began a course at the Kiev Junker School, a military college from which he graduated in 1892. The twenty-year-old Denikin joined an artillery brigade, in which he served for three years.

wn.com/Anton_Denikin
Caria
Caria (^{[pronunciation?]}; or Karia) (from Luwian Karuwa meaning "steep country", Ancient Greek, Καρία) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there. The eponymous inhabitants of Caria were known as Carians, and they had arrived in Caria before the Greeks. They were described by Herodotos as being of Minoan descent, while the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians did speak an Anatolian language, which does not necessarily reflect their geographic origin, as Anatolian once may have been widespread. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians or for a people who had preceded them in the region and continued to exist as part of their society in a reputedly second-class status.

wn.com/Caria
Catherine the Great
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great (Russian: Екатерина II Великая, Yekaterina II Velikaya; German: Katharina die Große), Empress of Russia (2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia, reigning from 9 July [O.S. 28 June] 1762 until her death at the age of 67. She was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg, and came to power following a coup d'état and the assassination of her husband, Peter III, at the end of the Seven Years' War. Russia was revitalised under her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
In both her accession to power and in rule of her empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Pyotr Rumyantsev and Alexander Suvorov, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the vast territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.

wn.com/Catherine_the_Great
Grigory Potemkin
Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheski (Russian: Григо́рий Алекса́ндрович Потёмкин-Таври́ческий, pronounced Patyomkin but known as Potemkin or Potyomkin; October 11 [O.S. September 30] 1739 – October 16 [O.S. October 5] 1791,) was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favorite of Catherine the Great. He died during negotiations over the Treaty of Jassy, which ended a war with the Ottoman Empire that he had overseen.
Potemkin was born into a family of middle-income noble landowners. He first attracted Catherine's favor for helping in her 1762 coup, then distinguished himself as a military commander in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774). He became Catherine's lover, favorite and possibly her consort. After their passion cooled, he remained her lifelong friend and favored statesman. Catherine obtained for him the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire and gave him the title of Prince of the Russian Empire among many others : he was both a Grand Admiral and the head of all of Russia's land and irregular forces. Potemkin's defining achievements include the peaceful annexation of the Crimea (1783) and the successful second Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). The fall of Ottoman stronghold Izmail that he orchestrated prompted Gavrila Derzhavin and Osip Kozlovsky to write Russia's first national anthem, "Let the thunder of victory sound!".

wn.com/Grigory_Potemkin
Kliment Voroshilov
Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov (Russian: Климе́нт Ефре́мович Вороши́лов (help·info), Ukrainian: Климент Охрімович Ворошилов, Klyment Okhrimovych Voroshylov), popularly known as Klim Voroshilov (Russian: Клим Вороши́лов, Klim Vorošilov) (4 February 1881 – 2 December 1969) was a Soviet military officer, politician, and statesman. He served as Defense Minister and Marshal of the Soviet Union from 1935 and 1936, respectively, until his death in 1969.
Voroshilov was born in the settlement Verkhnye, Bakhmut county (uyezd), Yekaterinoslav Governorate (now part of Lysychansk city in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine), in the Russian Empire, into a railway worker's family of Russian ethnicity. However, according to the Soviet Major General Pyotr Grigorenko Voroshilov himself was pointing out to his Ukrainian heritage and previous family name of Voroshilo. Voroshilov joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1905. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Voroshilov became a member of the Ukrainian Council of People's Commissars and Commissar for Internal Affairs along with Vasili Averin. He was well known for aiding Joseph Stalin in the Military Council (led by Leon Trotsky), having become closely associated with Stalin during the Red Army's 1918 defense of Tsaritsyn. Voroshilov was instrumental as a commander of the Southern Front during the Russian Civil War and the Polish-Soviet War while with the 1st Cavalry Army. As Political Commissar serving co-equally with Stalin, Voroshilov was responsible for the morale of the 1st Cavalry Army, whose men were composed chiefly of peasants from southern Russia. Voroshilov's efforts as Commissar did not prevent a resounding defeat at the Battle of Komarów or regular outbreaks of murderous anti-Semitic violence within the Cavalry army's ranks.

wn.com/Kliment_Voroshilov
Kosta Khetagurov
Konstantin (Kosta) Khetagkati (Ossetic: Хетæгкаты Леуаны фырт Къоста; 15 October [O.S. 3 October] 1859 — 1 April [O.S. 19 March] 1906) was a national poet of the Ossetian people who is generally regarded as the founder of the Ossetic literature. He was also a talented painter and a notable public benefactor. He is often known by the Russian version of his name, Kosta [Levanovich] Khetagurov (Russian: Коста́ (Константин) Лева́нович Хетагу́ров)
Khetagurov was born in the village of Nar in what is now the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. He studied at the Stavropol Gymnasium from 1871 to 1881, and entered the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts in 1881, but had to abandon his studies due to financial constraint in 1885. Back in his native Ossetia, he became a prominent poet, whose poems composed in Ossetic quickly spread throughout Ossetian towns and villages in an oral form. He also published a number of poems, stories and articles in the Russian-language newspapers Severny Kavkaz (edited by himself, 1893–1902), and Kazbek. His paintings also gained in notable popularity, one of them depicting Saint Nino, a 4th-century Christian baptizer of the Georgians, was particularly welcomed by the Georgian society.

wn.com/Kosta_Khetagurov
Leo Tolstoy
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: Лев Никола́евич Толсто́й, pronounced [lʲev nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ tɐlˈstoj] ( listen); known in the Anglosphere as Leo Tolstoy) (September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910) was a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Later in life, he also wrote plays and essays. His two most famous works, the novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina, are acknowledged as two of the greatest novels of all time and a pinnacle of realist fiction. Many consider Tolstoy to have been one of the world's greatest novelists. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the 1870s, after which he also became noted as a moral thinker and social reformer.
His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings of Jesus, centering on the Sermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a fervent Christian anarchist and anarcho-pacifist. His ideas on nonviolent resistance, expressed in such works as The Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures as Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

wn.com/Leo_Tolstoy
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejəvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the Soviet Union, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born during the Communist rule.
Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Kraikom, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.

wn.com/Mikhail_Gorbachev
Mikhail Lermontov
Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (Russian: Михаи́л Ю́рьевич Ле́рмонтов; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil ˈjurʲjɪvʲɪtɕ ˈlʲɛrməntəf]; October 15 [O.S. October 3] 1814 – July 27 [O.S. July 15] 1841), a Russian Romantic writer, poet and painter, sometimes called "the poet of the Caucasus", became the most important Russian poet after Alexander Pushkin's death in 1837. Lermontov is considered the supreme poet of Russian literature alongside Pushkin and the greatest figure in Russian Romanticism. His influence on later Russian literature is still felt in modern times, not only through his poetry, but also through his prose, which founded the tradition of the Russian psychological novel.
Lermontov was born in Moscow into a respectable noble family of the Tula Oblast, and grew up on the Tarkhany estate in the village of Tarkhany (now Lermontovo) in Penza Oblast. According to legend, his paternal family is descended from the Scottish Earls of Learmont, one of whom settled in Russia in the early 17th century, during the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. The legendary Scottish poet Thomas the Rhymer (Thomas Learmonth) is thus claimed as a relative of Lermontov. The only ascertainable genealogical information states that the poet was descended from Yuri (George) Learmont, a Scottish officer in the Polish service who settled in Russia in the middle of 17th century

wn.com/Mikhail_Lermontov
Nikolay Pirogov
Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Пирого́в) (25 November [O.S. 13 November] 1810 – 5 December [O.S. 23 November] 1881) was a prominent Russian scientist, doctor, pedagogue, public figure, and corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1847). He is considered to be the founder of field surgery, and was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic. He was the first surgeon to use anaesthesia in a field operation (1847), invented various kinds of surgical operations, and developed his own technique of using plaster casts to treat fractured bones. His name is one of the most widely recognised in Russian medical history, and he is considered a Russian national hero.
Pirogov was born in Moscow, the son of a major in the commissary service. He learned to read early, and learned several languages as a young child. His father died in 1824, leaving his family destitute. Pirogov originally intended to become a civil servant, but the family doctor, Efrem Mukhin, who was a professor of anatomy and physiology at Moscow State University, persuaded the authorities to accept him as a student aged only 14.

wn.com/Nikolay_Pirogov
Nikolay Raevsky
Nikolay Nikolayevich Raevsky (Russian: Николай Николаевич Раевский) (September 25 [O.S. 14] 1771 — September 28 [O.S. 16] 1829) was a Russian general and statesman who achieved fame for his feats of arms during the Napoleonic wars. His family left a lasting legacy in Russian society and culture.
Nikolay Raevsky was born in Saint Petersburg. He descended from an old noble family of remote Scandinavian ancestry, who left Denmark to settle in Livonia during the fourteenth century. By the sixteenth century, they had acquired Polish nationality, and were granted the (Łabędź Coat of Arms) by King Sigismund III, in the early seventeenth century. His grandfather, Semyon Raevsky, was the Prosecutor of the Holy Synod.
The family rose to prominence in Russia when Raevsky's father, Colonel Nikolay Semyonovich Raevsky, commander of the elite Izmaylovsky Regiment, married Ekaterina Samoylova. Ekaterina was a lady-in-waiting and close friend of Empress Catherine II, and a niece of the Empress’ influential favorite, Prince Potemkin. Ekaterina’s brother was the general and statesman, Count Alexander Samoylov.

wn.com/Nikolay_Raevsky
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (25 October 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces. Many foreign armies warred against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in the Crimea and were evacuated in the autumn of 1920. A number of independent countries – Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland – emerged from the war.
After the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the Russian Provisional Government was established during the February Revolution of 1917.
In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus. In January, after significant reverses in combat, War Commissar Leon Trotsky headed the reorganization of the Red Guard into a Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, in order to create a more professional fighting force. Political commissars were appointed to each unit of the army to maintain morale and ensure loyalty.

wn.com/Russian_Civil_War

Stavropol

...

published: 09 Nov 2009

author: Prasolova

Russia- Stavropol .... summer tour !!! @ Afrostavropol

we just having fun in summer after our practicals in the hospital ) lol))...

published: 29 Jul 2012

author: Noel Clerk

Alex Talano Stavropol SKYBAR

...

published: 20 Feb 2012

author: Rusik2206

Move Stavropol

Move Stavropol (Curse - widerstand)...

published: 07 Mar 2012

author: Misha Dz

Touristic Stavropol

Stavropol city is situated on the hill among the forests and fields, at the height of 650 ...

published: 23 Sep 2012

author: Luxon3d

Harlem shake in Novopavlovsk (Stavropol Territory School №2)

...

published: 21 Feb 2013

author: Дмитрий Токарев

Stavropol region

Region of great opportunities...

published: 27 Feb 2012

author: stavropolinvest

Parkour Jam in Stavropol (District 204)

Parkour Jam District 204 Stavropol 7/04/2012...

published: 10 Apr 2012

author: sonicvova

Shanti People - Sri Radhika Stava (Stavropol)

Shanti People - Sri Radhika Stava (Stavropol)...

published: 08 Oct 2012

author: Shanti people

Denis A @ Lily club, Stavropol

Denis A @ Lily club, Stavropol...

published: 18 Jun 2012

author: alentieff

Shanti People - Mangala Gita (Stavropol)

Shanti People - Mangala Gita (Stavropol)...

published: 08 Oct 2012

author: Shanti people

Shanti People - Maha Mrityunjaya (Stavropol)

Shanti People - Maha Mrityunjaya (Stavropol)...

published: 08 Oct 2012

author: Shanti people

СТАВРОПОЛЬ STAVROPOL

город креста...

published: 29 Oct 2009

author: TVdalex

Tumbling in Stavropol - The Hit Factory

Head Tumbling Coach at City of Birmingham Gymnastics Club, Chris Porter, recently returned...

published: 14 Feb 2012

author: cbgc2011

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photo: Public Domain

File - McDonald's Restaurant with prominent kids' playland, Panorama City, CA

I Saw Marx and Marxism at McDonalds Today

WorldNews.com

23 Feb 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. "No one who works full-time should have to live in poverty." -President Barack Obama, State of the Union Address, 2013. As of late, I have grown very fond and reflective of the workers at McDonalds. Since I do not have the internet in my apartment, I usually go there every Sunday where I drink coffee and read the latest online news ... the exploitation of one class by another....(size: 3.7Kb)

photo: AP / SANA

In this photo provided by the Syrian official news agency SANA, Syrian security agents carry a body following a huge explosion that shook central Damascus, Syria, Thursday, Feb. 21, 2013.

Russia claims US showing double standards on Syria

Khaleej Times

22 Feb 2013

MOSCOW ' Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov accused the United States on Friday of having double standards on Syria, saying it had blocked a UN Security Council statement condemning a car bomb attack in Damascus. Washington denied it had blocked the statement and said it had only asked for balance ... “We believe these are double standards,” Lavrov said after talks with China’s foreign minister ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

photo: UN / Sylvain Liechti

File - Children in Bunyampuli, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)’s North Kivu province, seek refuge near a camp of the UN mission in the country, MONUSCO, after heavy fighting between Government FARDC forces and the Mai-Mai Cheka militia group, 22 May, 2012.

African leaders to sign DR Congo peace deal

Al Jazeera

24 Feb 2013

Presidents from Africa's Great Lakes regional nations are set to sign a new peace deal aimed at bringing stability to the war-torn east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Ban Ki-moon, the UN secretary-general, who will witness the signing on Sunday at the African Union's headquarters in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has invited 11 countries to the meeting ... But after almost two decades of war, expectations are low ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)

photo: AP / Photo

Villagers view the bodies of suspected attackers from the Pokomo tribe, following tribal clashes in Kipao village in the Tana River Delta region of southeastern Kenya Friday, Dec. 21, 2012.

Neighbors Kill Neighbors in Kenya as Election Tensions Stir Age-Old Grievances

The New York Times

22 Feb 2013

MALINDI, Kenya — In a room by the stairs, Shukrani Malingi, a Pokomo farmer, writhed on a metal cot, the skin on his back burned off. Down the hall, at a safe distance, Rahema Hageyo, an Orma girl, stared blankly out of a window, a long scar above her thimble-like neck. She was nearly decapitated by a machete chop — and she is only 9 months old. Connect With Us on Twitter ... Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ...   ... Op-Ed ... N.Y ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)

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Gazprom to start constructing 17 CNG filling stations in ten Russian regions in 2013 (OAO Gazprom)

noodls

22 Feb 2013

(Source. OAO Gazprom). The Management Committee took notice of the information about Gazprom's activities aimed at expanding the natural gas use as a motor fuel in Russia. It was mentioned that the NGV fuel market development was of great social importance ... the Republic of Tatarstan, the Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Orel, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Vologda Regions, the Perm and Stavropol Territories....(size: 5.6Kb)

Bert Stedman, Alaska Senator, Proposes Bounty On Sea Otters

Huffington Post

21 Feb 2013

JUNEAU, Alaska -- An Alaska state senator is proposing a bounty on sea otters, the cute little marine mammals often seen by tourists swimming on their backs between cruise ships, sometimes munching on a fresh crab or clams. Sen ... "We're not talking eradication. We're talking slowing the population growth," he said ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters ... ....(size: 14.2Kb)

Russia Winter Grains and Export Outlook Seen Aided by Weather

Bloomberg

21 Feb 2013

Russian winter grains may be in better condition than estimated last month by the government because of warm weather in southern areas, putting the nation on track to boost cereal exports in the coming season ... 31 ... 22 ... Weather was “abnormally warm” in the Southern and North Caucasus federal districts, which include the main grain-growing regions of Krasnodar, Rostov and Stavropol, Alexander Frolov, head of Roshydromet, said Feb. 14 ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)

In New Zealand, Royal Penguin Found On The Beach By Hikers (PHOTO)

Huffington Post

21 Feb 2013

WELLINGTON, New Zealand (AP) — Thirsty and thin, a royal penguin has been found stranded on a New Zealand beach more than 1,000 miles from its sub-Antarctic home. The penguin was found by hikers Sunday and is now being cared for at the Wellington Zoo ... But it has made small improvements each day ... Also on HuffPost ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters ... ....(size: 13.3Kb)

Bank of Russia Deposit Operations (Central Bank of Russia)

noodls

21 Feb 2013

Petersburg 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 South Federal District* 23 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Republic of Adigei (Adigeya) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Republic of Kalmykia - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Krasnodar Territory 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Astrakhan Region 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ......(size: 18.4Kb)

Required Reserves (Reserve Requirements) of the Bank of Russia (Central Bank of Russia)

noodls

21 Feb 2013

Petersburg 19 26 33 32 33 33 24 20 51.3 23 59.0 South Federal District* 24 51 73 81 90 44 38 34 75.6 35 76.1 Republic of Adigei (Adigeya) 1 4 4 5 5 5 4 100.0 4 100.0 Republic of Kalmykia 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 100.0 2 100.0 Krasnodar Territory 5 11 13 13 13 14 13 13 92.9 13 86.7 Astrakhan Region 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 20.0 3 60.0 Volgograd Region 2 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 ......(size: 24.0Kb)

Eddie The Sea Otter Plays Basketball To Treat Arthritis (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

20 Feb 2013

An adorably arthritic sea otter has become something of a viral sensation this week, as a YouTube video of the geriatric animal playing basketball makes waves on the Interwebs ... “He’s definitely got game,” Jenny DeGroot, the zoo’s lead sea otter keeper, said in a press release ... Earlier on HuffPost ... Baby Flamingo ... 11 ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters....(size: 12.6Kb)

Ben Kilham, Bear Rehabilitator, Keeps Cubs Busy During The New Hampshire Winter

Huffington Post

19 Feb 2013

LYME, N.H. (AP) — Someone tell these black bear cubs they should be hibernating. When a bad year for feeding followed a good one for breeding, Ben Kilham, New Hampshire's only licensed bear rehabilitator, found himself spending the winter with 27 lively and orphaned cubs — a huge jump from the three to five he typically sees ... (AP Photo) ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol takes a walk on May 5, 2011 ... Like ... ....(size: 11.9Kb)

Valentine's Day kisses continue odd human tradition

The Himalayan

14 Feb 2013

  . Added At. 2013-02-14 10.57 AM. Last Updated At. 2013-02-14 10.57 AM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s). To View your saved article(s)please Click Here ». Close. Reuters. A couple kisses during a flashmob organised by a local television station on the eve of Valentine's Day in the southern Russian city of Stavropol February 13, 2012 ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)

Caffrey, 2-Legged Persian Cat, Recovers From Amputations (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

12 Feb 2013

Caffrey, a grey Persian cat, has two legs but gets around just fine. When Caffrey, a yellow-eyed, grey Persian cat, was three, he was struck by a car and lost his left hind leg. Caffrey underwent more than $4,000 worth of operations and managed just fine for the next ten years, according to the Daily Mail ... 11. 2011 ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters....(size: 13.3Kb)

Russia’s Black Earth Farmers Switch to Corn, Oilseeds for Profit

Bloomberg

08 Feb 2013

Farmers in Russia, the third-biggest wheat exporter last season, will plant more corn and oilseeds in the Black Earth area for 2013-14 in search of higher profits ... Corn yields in the Belgorod region were 6.2 metric tons a hectare (2.47 acres) this season, compared with about 5 tons a hectare in the southern Stavropol region, according to the regions’ agricultural ministries. “It’s a trend in central Russia,” Sukhanov said ... 5 ... to Europe ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)

Animal Testing Of Cosmetics Officially Banned In European Union

Huffington Post

06 Feb 2013

From Mother Nature Network's Starre Vartan.. The European Coalition to End Animal Experiments has something to celebrate this winter; after years (23 to be exact) of effort, the group has succeeded in banning the use of animals in cosmetics testing in all member countries of the European Union ... This can include. ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters ... ....(size: 14.1Kb)

Dogs Help Cheetahs Overcome Breeding Fears In New Zoo Project

Huffington Post

12 Feb 2013

LOS ANGELES (AP) — It may sound like a West Side Story-style love story, but some dogs love big cats. Cheetahs are the fastest mammals in the world, but they also are the world's biggest scaredy-cats — so much so that they don't breed easily and are in danger of going extinct ... breeder of cheetahs in captivity ... ___ ... A three month old bear cub who was born at the zoo in Stavropol looks at ostriches on May 5, 2011.Asian Small-clawed Otters....(size: 16.6Kb)

timeline:
2012
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For other uses, see Stavropol (disambiguation).

Stavropol (English) Ставрополь (Russian)
- City^[1] -
Stavropol city center
Location of Stavropol Krai in Russia
Stavropol Location of Stavropol in Stavropol Krai
Coordinates: 45°03′N 41°59′E / 45.05°N 41.983°E / 45.05; 41.983Coordinates: 45°03′N 41°59′E / 45.05°N 41.983°E / 45.05; 41.983

Coat of arms	Flag
Administrative status (as of July 2011)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Stavropol Krai^[1]
Administratively subordinated to	city of krai significance of Stavropol^[1]
Administrative center of	Stavropol Krai,^[1] city of krai significance of Stavropol^[1]
Municipal status (as of July 2010)
Urban okrug	Stavropol Urban Okrug^[2]
Administrative center of	Stavropol Urban Okrug^[2]
Head^{[citation needed]}	Nikolay Paltsev^{[citation needed]}
Representative body	City Duma^{[citation needed]}
Statistics
Area	242.36 km² (93.58 sq mi)^{[citation needed]}
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	398,266 inhabitants^[3]
- Rank in 2010	47th
Population (2002 Census)	354,867 inhabitants^[4]
- Rank in 2002	49th
Density	1,643 /km² (4,260 /sq mi)^[5]
Time zone	MSK (UTC+04:00)^[6]
Founded	October 22, 1777^{[citation needed]}
Previous names	Voroshilovsk (until January 12, 1943)^{[citation needed]}
Postal code(s)	355000^{[citation needed]}
Dialing code(s)	+7 8652^{[citation needed]}
Official website
Stavropol on WikiCommons

Stavropol (Russian: Ста́врополь; IPA: [ˈstavrəpəlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Stavropol Krai, Russia. Population: 398,266 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[3] 354,867 (2002 Census);^[4] 318,298 (1989 Census).^[7]

1 History
2 Administrative and municipal status
3 Modern city
4 Climate
5 Notable people
6 International relations
- 6.1 Twin towns and sister cities
7 References
- 7.1 Notes
- 7.2 Sources
8 External links

History [link]

Stavropol was founded on October 22, 1777 following the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 as a military encampment and designated as a city in 1785.^{[citation needed]} Prince Grigory Potemkin, who founded Stavropol as one of ten fortresses built between Azov and Mozdok at the request of Catherine the Great, played a leading role in the creation of the city. Don Cossacks, particularly those from the Khopersky Regiment, settled the area in and around the cities of Stavropol and Georgiyevsk with a mission to defend borders of the Empire.^[8]

The name "Stavropol" is a Russian rendition of a fictitious Greek name, Stauropolis (historically the name of an unrelated archbishopric in Caria, a Roman province in present Anatolia), meaning "the city of the cross". According to a legend, soldiers found a huge cross made out of stone when they were building the fortress in the future city location.^{[citation needed]}

Alexander I in 1809 invited several Armenian families to settle by the fortress, in order to encourage trade in the region.

Stavropol's strategic location aided in the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus. By the early 19th century the city grew into a busy trade center of the North Caucasus. In 1843, an Episcopal see of the Russian Orthodox Church was established in Stavropol and in 1847 the city became the seat of Stavropol Governorate.^[9]

During the Russian Civil War the city changed hands several times and finally was captured by the Red Army from the Volunteer Army of general Anton Denikin on January 29, 1920. The city was renamed Voroshilovsk on May 5, 1935, after Kliment Voroshilov, but the original name was restored in 1943. The Great Patriotic War took a heavy toll on the city and between August 3, 1942 and January 21, 1943 Stavropol was occupied by the Germans. Since 1946, natural gas has been extracted near the city; later on, a pipeline to Moscow was built to supply it.

Administrative and municipal status [link]

Administratively, along with one rural locality, it is incorporated as the city of krai significance of Stavropol—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, the city of krai significance of Stavropol is incorporated as Stavropol Urban Okrug.^[2]

Modern city [link]

Stavropol has a theater and an association football team called FC Dynamo Stavropol.

The main educational institutions of the town include Stavropol State University, North-Caucasus State Technical University, Agrarian University, and Stavropol State Medical Academy.

The area of Russia in which Stavropol resides is very mountainous, placing the city in the midst of the northern Caucasus mountain range. The city has one the biggest and best city parks in Russia.^{[citation needed]}

Stavropol's economy focuses on the production of automobiles, furniture, and construction equipment and materials. The city relies on air transport (Shpakovskoye airport), rail, and highway connections to other Russian cities.

Stavropol's population includes a significant number of refugees escaping the strife or instability of the Russian border regions and Caucasus nations to the south.

Climate [link]

Stavropol experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) with short but cold winters (though mild for Russia) and hot summers. Precipitation is rather low, with a 556 millimeters (21.9 in) annual average.

Climate data for Stavropol
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	15.0 (59.0)	18.9 (66.0)	24.2 (75.6)	31.0 (87.8)	31.0 (87.8)	34.8 (94.6)	38.5 (101.3)	39.7 (103.5)	37.3 (99.1)	33.0 (91.4)	22.9 (73.2)	22.0 (71.6)	39.7 (103.5)
Average high °C (°F)	0.1 (32.2)	0.6 (33.1)	5.9 (42.6)	14.2 (57.6)	18.4 (65.1)	24.0 (75.2)	26.9 (80.4)	26.8 (80.2)	21.4 (70.5)	14.3 (57.7)	6.4 (43.5)	3.0 (37.4)	13.5 (56.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−2.7 (27.1)	−2.9 (26.8)	2.1 (35.8)	9.6 (49.3)	14.1 (57.4)	19.3 (66.7)	22.0 (71.6)	21.5 (70.7)	16.3 (61.3)	9.7 (49.5)	2.8 (37.0)	−0.1 (31.8)	9.3 (48.7)
Average low °C (°F)	−5 (23.0)	−5.4 (22.3)	−0.8 (30.6)	5.7 (42.3)	10.2 (50.4)	15.2 (59.4)	17.5 (63.5)	16.7 (62.1)	12.0 (53.6)	6.5 (43.7)	0.3 (32.5)	−2.5 (27.5)	5.9 (42.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−27.8 (−18.0)	−25 (−13.0)	−16.7 (1.9)	−8 (17.6)	−0.8 (30.6)	2.8 (37.0)	9.0 (48.2)	7.6 (45.7)	−2 (28.4)	−12 (10.4)	−20 (−4.0)	−19.7 (−3.5)	−27.8 (−18.0)
Precipitation mm (inches)	29 (1.14)	28 (1.1)	34 (1.34)	44 (1.73)	66 (2.6)	80 (3.15)	58 (2.28)	43 (1.69)	47 (1.85)	49 (1.93)	45 (1.77)	33 (1.3)	556 (21.89)
Avg. precipitation days	6	6	7	7	9	8	8	6	6	6	8	8	85
Source no. 1: Pogoda.ru.net ^[10]
Source no. 2: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) ^[11]

Notable people [link]

Well-known Russians who have visited or resided in Stavropol include: Generals Alexander Suvorov, Alexey Yermolov and Nikolay Raevsky, the poets Alexander Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov, who were in political disfavor, the surgeon Nikolay Pirogov, Alexander Griboyedov, Leo Tolstoy, and the national poet of Ossetia, Kosta Khetagurov.^[12]

The first and only executive president of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, was born in Stavropol Krai (region) and spent several years working in the city of Stavropol as the head of the Krai's administration.

International relations [link]

A government building

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Twin towns and sister cities [link]

Stavropol is twinned with:^[13]

References [link]

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Resolution #63-p
^ ^a ^b ^c Law #88-kz
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ Pogoda.ru.net. [3]. Retrieved on: April 8, 2010.
^ "World Weather Information Service – Stavropol'". United Nations. http://worldweather.wmo.int/107/c01028.htm. Retrieved 1 January 2011.
^ Stavropol - City
^ Twin-city relations with the cities of non-CIS states

Sources [link]

Правительство Ставропольского края. Постановление №63-п от 4 мая 2006 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц Ставропольского края», в ред. Постановления №260-п от 11 июля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Постановление Правительства Ставропольского края от 04 мая 2006 г. №63-п "Об утверждении реестра районов и населённых пунктов Ставропольского края"». Вступил в силу с 4 мая 2006 г.. Опубликован: "Сборник законов и других правовых актов Ставропольского края", №17, ст. 5609, 10 июля 2006 г. (Government of Stavropol Krai. Resolution #63-p of May 4, 2006 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Resolution #260-p of July 11, 2011 On Amending the Resolution #63-p of the Government of Stavropol Krai of May 4, 2006 "On the Adoption of the Registry of the Districts and the Inhabited Localities of Stavropol Krai". Effective as of May 4, 2006.).
Государственная Дума Ставропольского края. Закон №88-кз от 4 октября 2004 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований Ставропольского края статусом городского, сельского поселения, городского округа, муниципального района», в ред. Закона №46-кз от 1 июля 2010 г «О преобразовании муниципального образования города Будённовска Ставропольского края». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ставропольская правда", №216, 6 октября 2004 г. (State Duma of Stavropol Krai. Law #88-kz of October 4, 2004 On Granting the Status of Urban, Rural Settlement, Urban Okrug, Municipal District to the Municipal Formations of Stavropol Krai, as amended by the Law #46-kz of July 1, 2010 On the Transformation of the Municipal Formation of the Town of Budyonnovsk of Stavropol Krai. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

External links [link]

Wikinews has related news: Attack occurs in Stavropol, Russia; at least six dead

v t e Administrative divisions of Stavropol Krai

Administrative center: Stavropol

	Cities and towns	Blagodarny · Budyonnovsk · Georgiyevsk · Ipatovo · Izobilny · Kislovodsk · Lermontov · Mikhaylovsk · Mineralnye Vody · Neftekumsk · Nevinnomyssk · Novoalexandrovsk · Novopavlovsk · Pyatigorsk · Stavropol · Svetlograd · Yessentuki · Zelenokumsk · Zheleznovodsk

	Districts	Alexandrovsky · Andropovsky · Apanasenkovsky · Arzgirsky · Blagodarnensky · Budyonnovsky · Georgiyevsky · Grachyovsky · Ipatovsky · Izobilnensky · Kirovsky · Kochubeyevsky · Krasnogvardeysky · Kursky · Levokumsky · Mineralovodsky · Neftekumsky · Novoalexandrovsky · Novoselitsky · Petrovsky · Predgorny · Shpakovsky · Sovetsky · Stepnovsky · Trunovsky · Turkmensky

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Lazaros Papadopoulos
Λάζαρος Παπαδόπουλος
Olympiacos
Papadopoulos
Center
Personal information
Nickname(s)	Lazos
Born	(1980-06-03) June 3, 1980 (age 32) Krasnodar, USSR
Nationality	Greek
Listed height	7 ft 0 in (2.13 m)
Listed weight	265 lb (120 kg)
Career information
Pro career	1996–present
League	Greek League Greek Cup Euroleague
Career history
AO Stauroupolis (1992-96) Iraklis (1996-01) Panathinaikos (2001-03) Iraklis (2003-04) Dynamo Moscow (2004-07) Real Madrid (2007-08) Fortitudo Bologna (2008-09) PAOK (2009-10) Khimki (2011) Olympiacos (2011-)
Career highlights and awards
All-Euroleague Second Team (2007)

Lazaros Papadopoulos (Greek: Λάζαρος Παπαδόπουλος; born June 3, 1980 in Krasnodar, U.S.S.R), is a Greek professional basketball player. He is 7 ft (2.13 m) 265 lbs.^[1] and he plays at the center position.

1 Pro career
2 Greek national team
3 Personal
4 Awards and accomplishments
- 4.1 Pro career
- 4.2 Greek national team
5 References
6 External links

Pro career [link]

Papadopoulos began his professional career playing for the Greek club Iraklis in the 1996-97 season. After five years with Iraklis, he signed to play for the Greek League powerhouse Panathinaikos in 2001, and he stayed there until 2003. He then returned to Iraklis the following season, and stayed there for only one year, before next signing with Dynamo Moscow of the Russian Superleague in the year 2004. In 2007, he joined the Spanish ACB League club Real Madrid. In 2008, he joined Fortitudo Bologna of the Italian League.^[2]

He won the Euroleague Championship during the Euroleague 2001-02 season, while he was with Panathinaikos, and also the Eurocup Championship while he was with Dynamo Moscow in the year 2006. In 2007, his performances with Dynamo Moscow during the Euroleague 2006-07 season, earned him a selection into the All-Euroleague Second team. He joined PAOK for the 2009-10 season, and donated his salary to charity.

In February 2011, he joined the Russian club Khimky.^[3] In August 2011, he signed a one-year deal with Olympiacos.^[4] With Olympiacos, he won the Euroleague championship in 2012.

Greek national team [link]

Medal record
Men's Basketball
Competitor for Greece
FIBA World Cup
Silver	2006 Japan	Nat. Team
FIBA EuroBasket
Gold	2005 Serbia & Montenegro	Nat. Team

As a member of the junior Greek national team, Papadopoulos won the bronze medal at the 1998 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship. He also competed with the Greek junior team at the 1999 FIBA Under-19 World Championship. With the senior Greek National Basketball Team Papadopoulos won the gold medal at the EuroBasket 2005 and he was voted the best center of the tournament.

With Greece, he also won the silver medal at the 2006 FIBA World Championship. Papadopulos was also a member of the Greek teams that competed at the EuroBasket 2001 and the EuroBasket 2007. He was also part of Greece's 2004 Summer Olympic Games team.

Personal [link]

Papadopoulos was born in Krasnodar, then-USSR, on June 3, 1980, as Lazar Popandopulo (Лазарь Попандопуло) to Greek father and Russian mother.^[5] In 1990, he came to Thessaloniki with his parents Theodore and Marina, and younger sister Agapi.^{[citation needed]} He got married in August 2002, and has two daughters, Daphne and Nefeli.^{[citation needed]}

Awards and accomplishments [link]

Pro career [link]

5x Greek All-Star: (2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2010)
2x Euroleague Champion: (2002, 2012)
Greek League Champion: (2003)
Greek Cup Champion: (2003)
Eurocup Champion: (2006)
All-Euroleague Second Team: (2007)

Greek national team [link]

1998 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship: 3 Bronze
5x Acropolis Tournament Champion: (2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007)
EuroBasket 2005: 1 Gold
2006 FIBA World Championship: 2 Silver

References [link]

^ [http://www.lazarospapadopoulos.gr/index.php?id=20,0,0,1,0,0 Lazarospapadopoulos.gr Height: 213 cm Weight: 120 kg.]
^ Real Madrid loans Papadopoulos to Fortitudo Bologna.
^ Lazaros Papadopoulos is a new BC Khimki player.
^ OLYMPIACOS lands Papadopoulos.
^ Sports.ru Лазарос ПАПАДОПУЛОС: Не уверен, что в России я заиграл бы так же (Russian).

External links [link]

Lazaros Papadopulos' Official Website (Greek)/(English)/(Spanish)/(Italian)
NBA.com Profile
Euroleague.net Profile
Draftexpress.com Profile

v t e Panathinaikos BC 2001–02 Euroleague Champions

4 Alvertis \| 5 Kalaitzis \| 6 Sioutis \| 7 Rogers \| 8 Mulaomerović \| 10 Bodiroga (Final4 MVP) \| 11 Middleton \| 12 Kutluay \| 14 Papadopoulos \| 15 Giannoulis \| 16 Sánchez \| Albano \| Coach Obradović

v t e Greece squad – 2004 Summer Olympics – 5th place

4 Alvertis 5 Papaloukas 6 Zisis 7 Papanikolaou 8 Spanoulis 9 Fotsis 10 Hatzivrettas 11 Dikoudis 12 Tsartsaris 13 Diamantidis 14 Papadopoulos 15 Kakiouzis Coach: Giannakis

v t e Greece squad – Eurobasket 2005 – Gold medal

4 Papaloukas 5 Bourousis 6 Zisis 7 Spanoulis 8 Vasilopoulos 9 Fotsis 10 Hatzivrettas 11 Dikoudis 12 Tsartsaris 13 Diamantidis 14 Papadopoulos 15 Kakiouzis Coach: Giannakis

v t e Greece squad – 2006 FIBA World Championship – Silver medal

4 Papaloukas 5 Schortsanitis 6 Zisis 7 Spanoulis 8 Vasilopoulos 9 Fotsis 10 Hatzivrettas 11 Dikoudis 12 Tsartsaris 13 Diamantidis 14 Papadopoulos 15 Kakiouzis Coach: Giannakis

v t e Greece squad – EuroBasket 2007 – 4th place

4 Papaloukas 5 Bourousis 6 Zisis 7 Spanoulis 8 Vasilopoulos 9 Pelekanos 10 Hatzivrettas 11 Dikoudis 12 Tsartsaris 13 Diamantidis 14 Papadopoulos 15 Kakiouzis Coach: Giannakis

v t e Olympiacos B.C. 2011–12 Euroleague Champions

4 Hines \| 6 Antić \| 7 Spanoulis (Final4 MVP) \| 8 Vasilopoulos \| 9 Dorsey \| 10 Kešelj \| 11 Pelekanos \| 12 Papadopoulos \| 13 Gecevičius \| 14 Glyniadakis \| 15 Printezis \| 16 Papanikolaou \| 17 Mantzaris \| 18 Sloukas \| 19 Katsivelis \| 55 Law \| Coach Ivković

v t e Olympiacos B.C. current season

4 Hines 6 Antić 7 Spanoulis 8 Vasilopoulos 9 Dorsey 10 Kešelj 11 Pelekanos 12 Papadopoulos 13 Gecevičius 14 Glyniadakis 15 Printezis 16 Papanikolaou 17 Mantzaris 18 Sloukas 19 Katsivelis 55 Law Coach: Ivković

Persondata
Name	Papadopoulos, Lazaros
Alternative names
Short description	Professional basketball player
Date of birth	June 3, 1980
Place of birth	Krasnodar, USSR
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazaros_Papadopoulos

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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