The tonne (SI unit symbol: t) is a metric system unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI.^[1][2] To avoid confusion with the ton, it is also known as the metric tonne and metric ton in the United States^[3] and occasionally in the United Kingdom.^[4] In SI units and prefixes, the tonne is a megagram (Mg), a rarely-used symbol, easily confused with mg, for milligram.^[5]

In the U.S., the National Institute of Standards and Technology supports the symbol "t" for the tonne.^[6] The abbreviation "mt" or "MT" is also used in the U.S.^[7]

Symbol and abbreviations[link]

The SI unit symbol for the tonne is "t". Abbreviations for "tonne" ("metric ton" and "metric tonne") include "T", "mT", "MT", and "mt" (especially in the combination "mmt" or "MMT" for "million metric tons"), and "Te" (particularly in the offshore and nuclear industries).^{[citation needed]} SI has no abbreviations for SI units, only symbols, and some of the abbreviations in use are actually SI symbols for other units: "T" is the SI symbol for the tesla and "Mt" is the SI symbol for megatonne.

Origin and spelling[link]

In France and the English-speaking countries that are predominantly metric, tonne is the usual formal usage in writing, usually pronounced the same as ton, /tʌn/, but with the final "e" pronounced (/ˈtʌnɪ/) when it is important to clarify that the metric, rather than Imperial, term is meant^[8]. Before metrication in the UK the unit used for most purposes was the Imperial ton of 2,240 pounds avoirdupois (usually referred to as the long ton in the US), equivalent to 1,016 kg, differing by just 1.6% from the tonne. The UK Weights and Measures Act 1985 explicitly excluded from use for trade many units and terms, including the ton and the term "metric ton"^[9]. However, for many purposes the Imperial and metric tons are so similar that it is not important to distinguish them, even in writing, and the long-standing spelling "ton" continues to be widely used where strictly speaking "tonne" is meant. For example, even the Guinness Book of World Records accepts metrication without marking this by changing the spelling^{[citation needed]}. In the United States metric ton is the name for this unit used and recommended by NIST;^[6] an unqualified mention of a ton almost invariably refers to a short ton of 2,000 pounds (907 kg), and tonne is rarely used in speech or writing.

Ton and tonne are both derived from a Germanic word in general use in the North Sea area since the Middle Ages (cf. Old English and Old Frisian tunne, Old High German and Medieval Latin tunna, German and French tonne) to designate a large cask, or tun.^[10] A full tun, standing about a metre high, could easily weigh a tonne. An English tun (an old wine cask volume measurement equivalent to 954 litres) of wine weighs roughly a ton (of any type), 954 kg if full of water, a little less for wine.

The spelling tonne pre-dates the introduction of the SI in 1960; it has been used with this meaning in France since 1842,^[11] when there were no metric prefixes for multiples of 10⁶ and above, and is now used as the standard spelling for the metric mass measurement in most English-speaking countries.^{[12][13][14][15]} In the United States, the unit was originally referred to using the French words millier or tonneau,^[16] but these terms are now obsolete.^[3] The Imperial and US customary units comparable to the tonne are both spelled ton in English, though they differ in mass.

Conversions[link]

One tonne is equivalent to:

• One megagram (by definition);
  • megagram, Mg, is the official SI term, but rarely used; Mg is easily mistaken to be mg, milligram
• ¹⁰⁰⁰⁄_{0.453 592 37} pounds (exactly, by definition of the pound),^[17]
  • approximately 2205 lb
• 98.42% of a long ton
  • One long ton (2,240 lb) is 101.605% of a tonne
• 110.23% of a short ton
  • One short ton (2,000 lb) is 90.72% of a tonne

Derived units[link]

For multiples of the tonne, it is more usual to speak of, for example, millions of tonnes; kilotonne, megatonne, and gigatonne are more usually used for the energy of nuclear and other events, used loosely as approximate figures, with little need to distinguish between metric and other tons, spelling either megatons or megatonnes^[18].

Alternate usage[link]

A metric ton unit (MTU) can mean 10 kilograms (22 lb) within metal (e.g., tungsten, manganese) trading, particularly within the USA. It traditionally referred to a metric ton of ore containing 1% (i.e. 10 kg) of metal.^[19][20]

In the case of uranium, the acronym MTU is sometimes considered to be metric ton of uranium, meaning 1,000 kg.^{[21][22][23][24]}

In the petroleum industry the tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy: the amount of energy released by burning one tonne of crude oil, approximately 42 GJ. There are several slightly different definitions.

Use of mass as proxy for energy[link]

The tonne of trinitrotoluene (TNT) is used as a proxy for energy, usually of explosions (TNT is a common high explosive). Prefixes are used: kiloton(ne), megaton(ne), gigaton(ne), especially for expressing nuclear weapon yield, based on a specific combustion energy of TNT of about 4.2 MJ/kg (or one thermochemical calorie per milligram). Hence, 1 kt TNT = 4.2 TJ, 1 Mt TNT = 4.2 PJ.

The SI unit of energy is the joule. Assuming that a TNT explosion releases 1,000 small (thermochemical) calories per gram (4.2 kJ/g), one tonne of TNT is equivalent to 4.2 gigajoules.

Unit of force[link]

Like the gram and the kilogram, the tonne gave rise to a (now obsolete) force unit of the same name, the tonne-force, equivalent to about 9.8 kilonewtons: a unit also often called simply "tonne" or "metric ton" without identifying it as a unit of force. In contrast to the tonne as a mass unit, the tonne-force or metric ton-force is not acceptable for use with SI, partly because it is not an exact multiple of the SI unit of force, the newton.

See also[link]

• Ton
  • Short ton
  • Long ton
  • Tonnage
  • Ton (volume)

• Metre-tonne-second system of units
• Tonne of oil equivalent
• Orders of magnitude (mass)

References[link]

• NIST Special Publication 811, Guide for the Use of the International System of Units (SI)

v t e SI units Base units Ampere · Candela · Kelvin · Kilogram · Metre · Mole · Second Derived units Becquerel · Coulomb · Degree Celsius · Farad · Gray · Henry · Hertz · Joule · Katal · Lumen · Lux · Newton · Ohm · Pascal · Radian · Siemens · Sievert · Steradian · Tesla · Volt · Watt · Weber Accepted for use with SI Dalton (Atomic mass unit) · Astronomical unit · Day · Decibel · Degree Celsius · Degree of arc · Electronvolt · Hectare · Hour · Litre · Minute · Minute of arc · Neper · Second of arc · Tonne Atomic units · Natural units See also SI prefixes · Systems of measurement · Conversion of units · New SI definitions · History of the metric system Book:International System of Units  · Category:SI base units

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Chase & Status are an Electronic music production duo consisting of Saul Milton (Chase) and Will Kennard (Status). In addition, MC Rage & Andy Gangadeen also make up the live band. The duo hail from London and formed in 2003 after meeting at university in Manchester. The duo have since released two studio albums as well as collaborating with major artists such as Cee Lo Green, Rihanna, Example and Tinie Tempah.

History[link]

2003-2005[link]

Saul Milton (Chase) and Will Kennard (The Status) originally met in Manchester, England whilst studying at the cities universities, reminiscent of past music groups such as the Chemical Brothers. Milton went to the Victoria University of Manchester and studied History of Art while Kennard studied English and Humanities at Manchester Metropolitan. Both decided to drop out of university to pursue a music career.^[2]

They released some material on various labels dealing with drum and bass music, including Renegade Hardware. In particular, the tracks "Barbarians" and the remix of Future Cut's "20/20" were received well by the scene. They released an EP called "Ten Tonne EP", and they had some collaborations with other artists in the scene.

2006–2009: More Than a Lot[link]

Chase & Status have had three number one tracks on the UK Dance Chart in 2007 with the double A-side "Hurt You"/"Sell Me Your Soul", and in 2008 with "Take Me Away"/"Judgement (Informer)". On 5 October 2008, they reached number 70 on the national singles chart and number one on the UK Dance Chart again with their single "Pieces" featuring vocals by Plan B. In 2009, they made number 45 with "Against All Odds" which featured UK rapper Kano.

Chase and status changed their style from more Liquid Drum and bass songs such as "Take you there" and became more commercialized and mainstream after they moved their genre to Club/Dance music. Chase & Status' first album, More Than a Lot, debuted in the UK album charts at number 49 on 19 October 2008 and entered the UK dance album chart at number 2.

Their album More Than a Lot received the Best Album Award at the 2009 Drum and Bass awards, Birmingham, UK.

2009–2011: No More Idols[link]

Soon afterwards they quickly began working on the album. On 8 November 2009, the duo entered the UK Top 40 for the first time with the track "End Credits". The track was released on 2 November 2009 and featuring British musician Plan B managed to reach a peak of number 9 on the UK Singles Chart. The single was written for the movie Harry Brown,^[3] which also starred Ben Drew, aka. Plan B.

The duo then released "Let You Go" on 15 August 2010, revealing it to be the second official single to be released from their second studio album, named No More Idols according to posters outside their album launch show at the HMV Forum in Kentish Town on October 21. The single featured vocals from Mali and debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 11; marking the duo's second consecutive Top 40 hit. "Hypest Hype" featuring Tempa T was confirmed in October 2010 to be the third single from the album and was released as a free download from their website on 8 November 2010; meaning it did not qualify to chart. The fourth single from the album is the dubstep-flavoured "Blind Faith", which features Nottingham-born soul singer/songwriter Liam Bailey and was released on January 24, 2011. The album also contains a new song "Heavy" with Dizzee Rascal.^[4] The album debuted at number 2 in the UK and was certified Gold in the first week of sales by the BPI.

2012–present: New Album[link]

The duo are currently working on their third studio album due for release in 2012. In contrast to More Than Alot and No More Idols, the new album will have a darker sound.^[5] The duo have been confirmed to sub-headline Friday night at Download Festival 2012, provoking an outcry from regular Download enthusiasts (the festival is recognized as a rock/metal festival), not least due to them being higher on the bill than fan favourites Machine Head, who had been subject to an internet campaign to headline the festival.^[6]

Chase & Status have also announced that they will headline electronic music festival South West Four hosted on London's Clapham Common.

In an Email Newsletter to members of the Chase & Status Mailing List, they announced a Chase & Status: Live At Brixton CD/DVD, featuring appearances from Tinie Tempah, Liam Bailey, Mali & Delilah, for release on April 2nd 2012

Remixes and productions[link]

They have also created a remix version of "Invaders Must Die" for The Prodigy. The remix reached 53 in the Australian Aria Singles Chart and 7 in the Aria Dance Chart. They have also produced for Bajan singer Rihanna numerous times, on her fourth album Rated R and her sixth album Talk That Talk, as well as for British singer Alexandra Burke's album Overcome. Other remixes include Black Canvas' 'Broken Dreams', Dizzee Rascal's 'Sirens', Nneka's 'Heartbeat' and Capleton's 'Who Dem', renamed 'Duppy Man'. Chase & Status also produced a track for singer Example for his second album "Won't Go Quietly" and again for his third album "Playing In The Shadows".

MTA Records[link]

In 2009 Chase & Status founded the independent record label MTA Records, specialising in drum and bass and dubstep music. Artists signed to the label include Cotti, 501, Nero, Redlight, 16bit, KillSonik, Doctor, Sam Wire & Chase & Status themselves.^[7]

Members[link]

• Saul Milton (Chase) – keyboards, programming, DJ, guitar (2003–present)
• Will Kennard (Status) - keyboards, programming, DJ

Live members

• Rage – MC (2009–present)
• Andy Gangadeen – drums (2009–present)

Discography[link]

• More than Alot (2008)
• No More Idols (2011)
• Chase & Status: Live at Brixton (2012)

Tours[link]

• Chase & Status Debut Live Tour (UK, 2009)^[8]
• Live Tour (UK Spring 2010, Autumn 2010)^[9][10]
• No More Idols Tour (UK, Europe, North America 2011)^{[11][12][13][14]}

Awards and nominations[link]

Drum & Bass Awards

NME Awards

Q Awards

UK Festival Awards

Virgin Media Music Awards

Xtra Bass Awards

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chase & Status

• Official website
• Chase & Status on Twitter
• Chase & Status on Facebook
• Chase & Status on Myspace
• Chase & Status discography at Discogs
• Chase & Status's channel on YouTube
• Chase & Status video interview on Virgin Red Room

v t e Chase & Status Discography Studio albums More Than Alot (2008) No More Idols (2011) Singles "Pieces" "Against All Odds" "End Credits" "Let You Go" "Blind Faith" "Time" "Hitz" "Flashing Lights" Collaborators Clare Maguire Cee Lo Green Delilah Dizzee Rascal Kano Liam Bailey McLean Maverick Sabre Plan B Sub Focus Tempa T Tinie Tempah White Lies Related articles Ram Records Mercury Records Category