Schematic of a still

An alembic (from Arabic al-anbīq الأنبيق, from Greek ἄμβυξ ambyx possibly from Semitic)^[1] is an alchemical still consisting of two vessels connected by a tube. Technically, the alembic is the lid with a tube attachment (the capital or still-head), which is placed on top of a flask, the cucurbit, containing the material to be distilled, but the word is often used to refer to the entire distillation apparatus. If the lid and flask are in one piece, it may be called a retort. The liquid in the first flask is boiled; the vapour rises and flows into the tube, where it cools and condenses, running into the second flask.

A modern descendant of the alembic (used to produce alcohol) is the pot still.

Etymology[link]

The word "alembic" is also used metaphorically for anything that refines or transmutes, as if by distillation (as in "the alembic of creative thought"). The word, like most alchemical terminology, comes from the Arabic: al-inbīq, meaning "still". The French spelling alambic is also commonly used, especially as the apparatus is often associated with cognac where it is known as alambic charentais (Charente alembic). In Shakespeare's plays, the older variant "limbeck" appears.

The alembic symbol is Unicode U+2697 ALEMBIC (⚗).

History[link]

The earliest appearances of alembics are to be found in the works of ancient Greek alchemists^[2] who conducted the first documented scientific studies on distillation.^[3] This work was extended during the Middle Ages by Muslim alchemists like Jābir ibn Hayyān.

Ambix, cucurbit and retort of Zosimos, reproduced in Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs by Marcelin Berthelot (3 vol., Paris, 1887-1888).

Anbiq from 13th century Tabriz, Persia.

See also[link]

• Batch distillation
• Pot still
• Retort
• Distilled beverage
• Robert François Laugier

References[link]

External links[link]

• Small images of alembics
• Picture of a traditional alembic
• A definition
• All Kind of Alembics
• Soldered and Riveted Unions

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Alembic.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2010)

Philip Xenidis, better known as Phil X (born 10 March 1966), is a Greek-born Canadian ^[1] guitarist and co-founder of the Los Angeles-based turbo pop band Powder. He also has a second band, the Drills. He is best known as the guitarist who replaced Rik Emmett in the Canadian rock band Triumph, for the Edge of Excess album and tour and as the Guitar Reviewer of fretted americana^[2] on YouTube.

An early opportunity in Xenidis's career came when he was asked in 1990 to tour with Randy Coven, whom he met through Aldo Nova; in 1991, he toured the US with Aldo Nova.^[3]

Phil X is a prolific session guitarist, having played on albums by Tommy Lee, Methods of Mayhem, Avril Lavigne, Kelly Clarkson, Orianthi, Rob Zombie, Chris Daughtry, Alice Cooper, Thousand Foot Krutch and many others. He wrote the song "Tired" and also played guitar on Tommy Lee's Tommyland: The Ride album. He has appeared with Lee on Ellen and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Phil X was featured in the "making of" video for the movie Josie and the Pussycats. He, along with his Powder bandmates, taught the young actresses to appear as if they were actually playing their instruments.^[4]

He has performed with the band Frozen Ghost. Phil X is also the inventor of the "Flip Stick," an innovative replacement for the "whammy bar" on Floyd-Rose-equipped guitars.

Since 2008, Phil X has been a faculty member of Camp Rock, a camp in Ontario for aspiring musicians.^{[citation needed]}

In April and May 2011, Phil X substituted for Bon Jovi's lead guitarist Richie Sambora, who could not be present for the required dates. He played the last 13 American shows of Bon Jovi's 2011 world tour.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Web site of Phil X
• Camp Rock Faculty member since 2008
• [1]

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. It needs additional citations for verification. Tagged since March 2010. It may contain original research. Tagged since March 2010.

Stanley Clarke
Clarke, touring with George Duke in The Netherlands
Background information
Born	(1951-06-30) June 30, 1951 (age 60) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Genres	Jazz, jazz fusion, funk, rock, pop, R&B
Occupations	Musician, Composer, Film scoreer
Instruments	Double bass, Electric Bass, piano, organ, vocals
Years active	1966–present
Labels	Polydor, Epic, Jazz Door, Heads Up International, Columbia, Sony, Portrait, Nemperor Records, IMS Records
Associated acts	Return to Forever, Chick Corea, Jeff Beck, Clarke/Duke Project, SMV, Animal Logic, George Duke
Website	Stanley Clarke.com
Notable instruments
Alembic Stanley Clarke Signature

Clarke with Return to Forever, Onondaga Community College Syracuse, NY, 1974

Stanley Clarke at Stockholm Jazz Festival, 2009

Stanley Clarke (born June 30, 1951 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American jazz musician and composer known for his innovative and influential work on double bass and electric bass as well as for his numerous film and television scores. He is best known for his work with the fusion band Return to Forever, and his role as a bandleader in several trios and ensembles.

Early life and education[link]

Clarke was born in Philadelphia. He was introduced to the bass as a schoolboy when he arrived late on the day instruments were distributed to students and acoustic bass was one of the few remaining selections.^[1] He is a graduate of Roxborough High School in Philadelphia. Having graduated from the Philadelphia Musical Academy, (which was absorbed into the University of the Arts in 1985), he moved to New York City in 1971 and began working with famous bandleaders and musicians including Horace Silver, Art Blakey, Dexter Gordon, Gato Barbieri, Joe Henderson, Chick Corea, Pharoah Sanders, Gil Evans and Stan Getz. He was an avid supporter of Scientology in his earlier musical productions, and referred to L. Ron Hubbard on most of his LP sleeves. His current association with Scientology is not known.

1970s[link]

During the 1970s he joined the jazz fusion group Return to Forever led by pianist and synth player Chick Corea. The group became one of the most important fusion groups and released several albums that achieved both mainstream popularity and plaudits from critics. Clarke also started his solo career in the early 1970s and released a number of albums under his own name. His well-known solo album is School Days (1976), which, along with Jaco Pastorius's self-titled debut, is one of the most influential solo bass recordings in fusion history. His albums Stanley Clarke (1974) and Journey to Love (1975) are also notable.

Scoring film and television[link]

Clarke began with TV scores for ABC's short-lived series A Man Called Hawk and an Emmy-nominated score for Pee-wee's Playhouse. Clarke then moved on to work as a composer, orchestrator, conductor and performer of scores for such films as: Boyz n the Hood, the biopic of Tina Turner What's Love Got to Do with It, Passenger 57, Higher Learning, Poetic Justice, Panther, The Five Heartbeats, Book of Love, Little Big League, and Romeo Must Die. He also scored the Luc Besson- produced/co-written action film, The Transporter, starring Jason Statham and a Michael Jackson video release directed by John Singleton entitled Remember the Time. In the 2000s, he composed music for the Showtime Network program Soul Food.

Right-hand bass guitar technique[link]

When playing bass guitar, Clarke places his right hand so that his fingers approach the strings much as they would on an upright bass, but rotated through 90 degrees. To achieve this, his forearm lies above and nearly parallel to the strings, while his wrist is hooked downward at nearly a right angle. For lead and solo playing, his fingers partially hook underneath the strings so that when released, the strings snap against the frets, producing a biting percussive attack. In addition to an economical variation on the funky Larry Graham-style slap-n'-pop technique, Clarke also uses downward thrusts of the entire right hand, striking two or more strings from above with his fingernails (examples of this technique include "School Days", "Rock and Roll Jelly", "Wild Dog", and "Danger Street").

Equipment[link]

Clarke has long been associated with Alembic basses, and much of his recorded output has been produced on Alembic instruments, particularly a dark-wood-colored custom bass in the Series I body style. These basses are handmade neck-through-body instruments made from a mixture of exotic woods and a proprietary active pickup system that is powered from an external power supply. A Stanley Clarke Signature Model bass guitar is produced by Alembic. Clarke also utilizes full-range amplification for his basses, including two QSC 2050 amplifiers, more in keeping with a keyboardist's rig than a bassist's or guitarists. To extend his melodic range, he also plays on tenor and piccolo basses. Clarke's are usually short scale (78 cm or 30.75"), four string, Carl Thompson or Alembic.

In the late 1970s, Clarke was playing Rick Turner's first graphite neck on his Alembic "Black Beauty" bass, and he decided to have an all composite bass made. He commissioned designer/luthier Tom Lieber to design and build this bass, having purchased one of Lieber's Spider grinder basses in 1979. In 1980 Lieber and Clarke formed the Spellbinder Corporation and produced a limited run of fifty Spellbinder basses. One left-handed bass was built as a gift from Stanley to Paul McCartney. After the run, the molds were destroyed. In 2007 Clarke once again teamed up with Lieber and Rick Turner to reform the Spellbinder Corp. and produce a limited run of 125 of the Spellbinder Bass II, which he played on the RTF reunion tour. Clarke has also played a Ken Smith BT Custom, and a German made Löwenherz Tenor Bass

His actual pedalboard consists of a TC Electronic G-System, an MXR Bass Octave Deluxe and an EBS Bass IQ Envelope.

Collaborations[link]

Clarke, on tour with Jeff Beck, in Amsterdam May 7, 1979

Clarke formed Animal Logic with rock drummer Stewart Copeland, after the break-up of The Police, and singer-songwriter Deborah Holland. Other notable (recording/touring) project involvements are: (1979) Jeff Beck, (1979) Ron Wood's New Barbarians, (1981, 1983, 1990) Clarke/Duke Project with George Duke, (1984) with Miroslav Vitouš,^[2] (1989) Animal Logic with Stewart Copeland, (1993–94), A group with Larry Carlton, Billy Cobham, Najee & Deron Johnson, (1995) The Rite of Strings with Jean-Luc Ponty and Al Di Meola and (1999) Vertu’ with Lenny White and Richie Kotzen. In addition to touring with his own band, Clarke continues also collaborates with other artists on tour. During the summer and fall of 2007 he toured with his The Rite of Strings comrades, Al DiMeola and Jean-Luc Ponty. In addition to a date in France and dates in the Eastern U.S., the tour included shows in South America.

In 2006 Clarke joined old friend George Duke for a 40-city tour of festivals and performing arts centers. This was the first time Clarke and Duke had toured together in fifteen years. The duo first teamed to form the Clarke/Duke Project in 1981. They scored a Top 20 hit with "Sweet Baby" and recorded three albums. In 2005 Clarke toured as Trio! with banjo player Béla Fleck and Jean-Luc Ponty. The U.S. and European tour was nominated for a 2006 Jammy Award in the category of "Tour of the Year."

[edit] Night School

Early in 2007, Clarke's own Roxboro Entertainment Group released a DVD entitled Night School: An Evening with Stanley Clarke and Friends (HUDV-7118) through the Heads Up International label. The 90-minute presentation documents the third annual Stanley Clarke Scholarship Concert, recorded at Musicians Institute in Hollywood, CA, in October 2002. The group offers scholarships to students in financial need who excel in music. The Night School DVD scholarship concert features diverse group of musicians that include Stevie Wonder, Wallace Roney, Bela Fleck, Sheila E., Stewart Copeland, the Red Hot Chili Peppers’ Flea, Wayman Tisdale, Marcus Miller and others. Night School captures performances that range from straight-ahead jazz to full-tilt rock fusion to a twenty-two-piece string ensemble.

2000s[link]

Stanley Clarke at Stockholm Jazz Festival, 2009

Stanley Clarke and Victor Wooten in the SMV Thunder Tour at Stockholm Jazz Festival, 2009

Since the 1980s, Clarke has been turned much of his energy to television and film scores. He is credited for the scores for the ABC Family Channel series Lincoln Heights as well as composing the theme song for the show. In October 2006, Clarke was honored with Bass Player magazine's Lifetime Achievement Award. Bassists Marcus Miller and Victor Wooten presented the award at a ceremony at New York City's Millennium Broadway Hotel. Stanley who won a Grammy Award in 1975 was the first “Jazzman of the Year” for Rolling Stone magazine, won "Best Bassist" from Playboy magazine for 10 straight years, and is a member of Guitar Player magazine's "Gallery of Greats." He was honored with the Key to the city of Philadelphia and put his hands in cement as a 1999 inductee into the Hollywood Walk of Fame on Sunset Boulevard. In 2004 he was featured in Los Angeles magazine as one of the 50 most influential people.

BET-J launched a series hosted by Clarke entitled On the Road with Stanley Clarke in June 2006. The series consists of seven episodes titled "Origins of Black Music," "That Philly Sound," "Jazz Beyond the Classroom," "Black Music in Film, Television & Theatre," "Jazz," "Black Music in Film – The Next Generation:" and "Bass to Bass." Some of his guests include Terence Blanchard, Marcus Miller, George Duke, The Tate Brothers, Gamble and Huff, and academicians Dr. Jacqueline Cogdell DjeDje and Dr. Cheryl Keyes from the Department of Ethnomusicology at UCLA among many others. On the Road with Stanley Clarke episodes were re-broadcast on BET-J in 2007. In 2008, Stanley was presented with a doctorate in fine arts from his alma mater, the The University of the Arts. He has three children (Chris and two stepchildren, Natasha and Frank).

Recent records[link]

Clarke's latest records include The Toys of Men in 2007. This was his first release in five years, on October 17, 2007. The first week of release it went to No.2 on Billboard charts' Contemporary Jazz Chart. The 13-track CD examines the issue of war, and it includes performances by vocalist/bassist Esperanza Spalding, keyboardist Ruslan Sirota, percussionist Paulinho da Costa and violinist Mads Tolling. The Toys of Men includes acoustic bass interludes that provide a counterpoint to Clarke's better known electric bass attack. 2009 saw his release of Jazz in the Garden, featuring the Stanley Clarke Trio: with Clarke, pianist Hiromi Uehara, and Lenny White on drums. In 2010, Clarke released the Stanley Clarke Band, with Ruslan Sirota on keyboards and piano and Ronald Bruner, Jr. on drums; the album also features Hiromi on piano (as a guest artist), along with many others.^[3] On February 13, the Stanley Clarke Band won the Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album.

Discography[link]

with Return to Forever[link]

with Pharoah Sanders[link]

• Black Unity (Impulse!, 1971)
• Village of the Pharoahs (Impulse!, 1973)

with The New Barbarians[link]

• Buried Alive (recorded 1979, released 2006)

with Joe Farrell[link]

• Moon Germs (CTI, 1972)

With Hubert Laws[link]

• The Chicago Theme (CTI, 1974)

[edit] With Airto Moreira

• Free (CTI, 1972)
• Virgin Land (Salvation, 1974)

As a co-leader/band member[link]

• Flora Purim – Butterfly Dreams (1973)
• Echoes of an Era (with Chaka Khan)
• Echoes of an Era 2 Live (with Nancy Wilson)
• The Griffith Park Collection
• The Griffith Park Collection 2 In Concert
• Fuse One (CTI) (1980)
• Fuse One – Silk (CTI) (1981)
• Clarke/Duke Project (with George Duke) (1981)
• Clarke/Duke Project II (1983)
• Clarke/Duke Project III (1990)
• Live in Montreux, 1988 (1993, Jazz Door-bootleg)
• Stanley Clarke & Friends (with Larry Carlton, Billy Cobham, Deron Johnson & Najee)
• Live At The Greek (1994)
• The Manhattan Project (with Lenny White, Michel Petrucciani, Wayne Shorter) (1989)
• Animal Logic (with Stewart Copeland, Deborah Holland) (1989)
• Animal Logic II (1991)
• Implosions (with Randy Brecker, McCoy Tyner, Frank Morgan, Peter Erskine, Roger Kellaway and Ernie Watts) (1987)
• The Rite of Strings (with Al Di Meola and Jean Luc Ponty) (1995)
• Vertu’ – Stanley Clarke, Lenny White, Karen Briggs, Rachel Z, Richie Kotzen (1999)
• McCoy Tyner with Stanley Clarke and Al Foster (2000)
• Thunder, as SMV (with Marcus Miller and Victor Wooten) (2008)
• Jazz in the Garden (The Stanley Clarke Trio with Hiromi and Lenny White) (2009)

As a producer[link]

• In The Dark, Roy Ayers
• Loading Zone, Roy Buchanan
• Just Family, Dee Dee Bridgewater
• I’m Ready, Natalie Cole
• Hollywood, Maynard Ferguson
• Free Flight – Illuminations
• Rodney Franklin – Diamonds Inside of You
• Howard Hewett – I Commit to Love
• Kent Jordan – No Question About it
• Ramsey Lewis & Nancy Wilson – The Two of Us
• Jeff Lorber
• Marilyn McCoo
• Brenda Russell
• Shalamar – The Look
• Billy Shields – Shieldstone (Optimism Records)
• Jim Walker – Private Flight
• Lips (Bobby Malach, Al Williams, Al Harrison, James Tinsley, Ronnie Foster, Lenny White, Marcus Miller, Raymond Gomez, Nick Morock, Don Blackman, Leon "Ndugu" Chancler and Clarke) (Nemperor Records/CBS Records, 1978)

Filmography[link]

Feature films[link]

Like Mike 2: Streetball 2006 directed by David Nelson

Into the Sun 2005 directed by mink

Roll Bounce 2005 directed by Malcolm D. Lee

The Transporter 2002 directed by Luc Besson, Louis Leterrier, Corey Yuen

Undisputed 2002 directed by Walter Hill

Undercover Brother 2002 directed by Malcolm D. Lee

Romeo Must Die 2000 directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak

Dangerous Ground 1999 directed by Darrell Roodt

The Best Man 1999 directed by Malcolm D. Lee

Down in the Delta 1998 directed by Maya Angelou

B*A*P*S 1997 directed by Robert Townsend

Sprung 1997 directed by Rusty Cundieff

Eddie 1996 directed by Steve Rash

Higher Learning 1995 directed by John Singleton

Panther 1995 directed by Mario Van Peebles

The Show 1995 directed by Brian Robbins

Bleeding Hearts 1994 directed by Gregory Hines

Little Big League 1994 directed by Andrew Scheinman

Red Hot 1993 Paul Haggis

Watch It 1993 directed by Tom Flynn

What's Love Got to Do with It (the Tina Turner story) 1993 directed by Brian Gibson

Poetic Justice 1993 directed by John Singleton

Passenger 57 1992 directed by Kevin Hooks

Boyz n the Hood 1991 directed by John Singleton

Cool as Ice 1991 directed by David Kellogg

The Five Heartbeats 1991 directed by Robert Townsend

The Book Of Love 1990 directed by Robert Shaye

Tap 1989 directed by Nick Castle

One Down Two To Go 1983 directed by Fred Williamson

Television[link]

“Lincoln Heights” (Series) 2006 – present ABC Family Channel

“Soul Food” (Series) 2000–2004 directed by Felicia D. Henderson

“Tales from the Crypt” 1990 directed by Jack Sholder, Joel Silver (Episode: “Fitting Punishment”)

“Hull High” (Series) 1990 directed by Gil Grant, Bruce Bilson, Kenny Ortega, Steven Robman

“A Man Called Hawk” (Series) 1989 directed by Mario Di Leo, Bill Duke, Harry Falk, Winrich Kolbe, Stan Lathan, Sigmund Neufeld Jr, Virgil W. Vogel

Pee Wee's Playhouse (Selected Episodes) 1986 directed by Bill Freiberger, Steven Johnson, Guy J. Loutham, William Orr, Paul Reubens

“Knightwatch” (Series) 1988 -1989 directed by Sharron Miller, Kevin Rodney Sullivan

Television movies[link]

“Murder She Wrote: The Celtic Riddle” 2003 directed by Anthony Pullen Shaw

“The Big Time” 2002 directed by Paris Barclay

“Little John” (Hallmark Hall of Fame) 2002 directed by Dick Lowry

“The Red Sneakers” 2002 directed by Gregory Hines

“Murder She Wrote: The Last Free Man” 2001 directed by Anthony Pullen Shaw

“The Color of Friendship” 2000 directed by Kevin Hooks

“The Loretta Claiborne Story” 2000 directed by Lee Grant

“Rocky Marciano” 1999 directed by Charles Winkler

“Funny Valentines” 1999 directed by Julie Dash

“If You Believe” 1999 directed by Alan Metzger

“Love Kills” 1998 directed by Brian Grant

“On the Line” 1998 directed by Elodie Keene

“Road to Galveston” 1996 directed by Michael Toshiyuki Uno

“The Cherokee Kid” 1996 directed by Paris Barclay

“Royce” 1994 directed by Rob Holcomb

“Relentless: Mind of a Killer” 1993 directed by John Patterson

“Boy Meets Girl” 1993 directed by Kevin Rodney Sullivan

Final Shot: The Hank Gathers Story 1992 directed by Charles Braverman

“Prison Stories: Women on the Inside” 1991 directed by Donna Deitch, Joan Micklin Silver, Penelope Spheeris

“The Kid Who Loved Christmas” 1990 directed by Arthur Allan Seidelman

“The Court Martial of Jackie Robinson” 1990 directed by Larry Peerce

“Blue Bayou” 1990 directed by Karen Arthur

“Dangerous Pursuit” 1990 directed by Sandor Stern

“Tales from the Whoop” 1990 directed by Whoopi Goldberg

“Out on the Edge” 1989 directed by John Pasquin

Animation[link]

“Static Shock” (Series) 2000 directed by Denys Cowan, Dan Riba

“Waynehead” (Series) 1996–1997 directed by Damon Wayans

“Cool Like That Christmas” 1994 directed by David Feiss, Swinton O. Scott III

Music videos[link]

“Michael Jackson: Remember the Time” 1992 directed by John Singleton

Documentaries[link]

Meet Bob Shaye 2004 directed by Jeffery Schwartz

Maryanne e gli altri (Italy) 1995 directed by Ita Cesa, Giuseppe Selva

References[link]

1. ^ Live Interview with David Dye, November 2, 2007
2. ^ 1984 Sydney Town Hall, producer Ian Davis (ABC radio)
3. ^ Concord Music Group. "The Stanley Clarke Band". http://www.concordmusicgroup.com/albums/The-Stanley-Clarke-Band/. Retrieved June 28, 2010. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stanley Clarke

• stanleyclarke.com – Stanley Clarke's official website

Jason Newsted
Newsted performing live in 1989
Background information
Birth name	Jason Curtis Newsted
Also known as	Jasonic, Jason "Newkid"
Born	(1963-03-04) March 4, 1963 (age 49) Battle Creek, Michigan
Genres	Heavy metal, thrash metal, speed metal, progressive metal, hard rock, stoner rock, punk rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter
Instruments	Bass guitar, vocals, guitar, double bass, violin, drums, theremin
Years active	1980–present
Labels	Metal Blade, Elektra, Chophouse, The End, Surfdog
Associated acts	Metallica, Flotsam and Jetsam, Papa Wheelie, Voivod, Echobrain, Rock Star Supernova, Ozzy Osbourne, Spastik Children, WhoCares
Website	www.chophouserecords.com (defunct)
Notable instruments
Sadowsky Vintage Custom Bass Alembic Basses Rickenbacker 4003

Jason Curtis Newsted (born March 4, 1963 in Battle Creek, Michigan) is an American bassist known for his work with Metallica, Voivod and Flotsam and Jetsam. Joining Metallica in 1986 after Cliff Burton's death, Newsted remained a member until 2001, making him the band's longest-serving bassist. After he left Metallica, he continued with his project Echobrain, played with Ozzy Osbourne and joined heavy metal band Voivod. Newsted uses the pseudonym Jasonic, which serves as both his alias in Voivod and the name of his music publishing company. He is also the founder of the Chophouse Records studio and label based in California.

Career[link]

Flotsam and Jetsam[link]

The early part of Newsted's music career had him performing bass for Flotsam and Jetsam and their 1986 album Doomsday for the Deceiver. Newsted wrote the majority of lyrics for the album as well.

Metallica[link]

Following the death of Metallica's bassist Cliff Burton in September 1986 on the Europe leg of the Damage Inc. Tour, the group began a search for a new bassist. Newsted auditioned along with roughly 39 other musicians and in winning the role, his first live performance with Metallica was at the Country Club in Reseda, California. He was often subjected to pranks and ridicule which increased as time went on.

His debut with Metallica was on its extended play The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited in 1987. This was followed by his first studio album with the band, ...And Justice for All (1988), which was subject to controversy and criticism for its poor production, among other issues, for its murky bass sound. Newsted claims this was further hazing on the part of Lars Ulrich and James Hetfield, although both Ulrich and Hetfield claim they were also disappointed with the production of the album.^[1] In addition, they claim that most/all of Newsted's bass lines closely followed the rhythm guitar lines to the point of being indiscernible from each other.^[2] Nonetheless, the album peaked at number 6 on the Billboard 200 and projected the band to higher success.

Newsted performed on ...And Justice for All (1988), the self-titled Metallica (1991), which is the best-selling Metallica album to date and made the group a world-known band, Load (1996) and ReLoad (1997). The live concerts Live Shit: Binge & Purge and Cunning Stunts were produced in 1993 and 1997 respectively, and S&M in 1999. Newsted also played bass on the song "I Disappear" in 2000.

During his time in Metallica, Newsted played the bass guitar and also sang backing vocals on a number of Metallica songs. During the tours after 1991, he would often sing parts of "Creeping Death", "Whiplash" and "Seek and Destroy", and he performed lead in most songs for three shows at the Summer Sanitarium Tour where Hetfield was recovering from injury.^[3][4]

He is known for his bass solo which included parts of "My Friend of Misery" (which Newsted had originally written as an instrumental)^[5] and bass parts from his former band, Flotsam and Jetsam.

He has co-written three Metallica songs:

• "Blackened" (...And Justice for All)
• "My Friend of Misery" (Metallica)
• "Where the Wild Things Are" (ReLoad)

Departure from Metallica[link]

During a meeting between the members of Metallica in January 2001, Newsted, who was unhappy with the direction Metallica was taking, proposed that the band should take a year-long hiatus, and he would use that time to focus on his side-project Echobrain. By 2001 James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich at this point were married and had children. As Newsted had no interest in being married or having children, he felt focused on music, even if it meant through side-projects. When the other band members objected to Newsted's proposals, he decided to quit the band.^[6] And on January 17, as plans were being made for the band to enter the recording studio to record its eighth studio album St. Anger, Newsted announced his departure. Newsted's statement revealed his departure was based on "private and personal reasons and the physical damage I have done to myself over the years while playing the music that I love."^[7] During a Playboy interview with Metallica, Newsted revealed that he wanted to release an album with Echobrain. Hetfield was against the idea and said, "When someone does a side project, it takes away from the strength of Metallica."^[8] Newsted countered his statement by citing Hetfield's contributions to other musical outlets. Hetfield replied, "My name isn't on those records. And I'm not out trying to sell them" and pondered questions such as "Where would it end? Does he start touring with it? Does he sell shirts? Is it his band?".^[8] Newsted's departure from Metallica, along with Hetfield's decision to go to rehab a few months later, nearly led to a breakup of the band. After Hetfield rejoined Metallica, the band finished recording St. Anger, with record producer Bob Rock filling in the bass slot. Robert Trujillo became the band's new bassist in 2003.

Newsted has stated that he has never regretted leaving the band. "I tell you very honestly, one billion percent, I have never regretted leaving Metallica. It was the right thing for everyone. It was the right thing to do for the camp, that’s it. I’ve never told anyone that I wanted to go back or anything like that, not once. I made up my mind. It was not an easy thing to do, but it was something I had to do. I thought about it very much before I pulled the trigger and because of that, I have never looked back. The past is where it's supposed to be."^[9] It was stated in the film Some Kind of Monster that there was a rumor for Newsted to possibly rejoin the band, but it was proven false.

Despite his departure from Metallica, Newsted remains close with the other band members.^[10] On April 4, 2009, Newsted joined Metallica for its induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio.^[11][12] He also performed three songs at the event, "Master of Puppets","Enter Sandman", and "Train Kept A-Rollin'" with Hetfield, Ulrich, Hammett, and Robert Trujillo, and Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, Joe Perry, Ron Wood, and Flea. On December 5, 7, 9, and 10 2011, Newsted reunited with Metallica during all four of their 30th anniversary shows and performed several songs with the band, Trujillo and, in some cases, other guest musicians.^[13]

Ozzy Osbourne Band[link]

Newsted joined Canadian thrash metal band Voivod in 2002. Coincidentally, he was also Trujillo's replacement in Osbourne's band (having switched sides) during Ozzfest 2003, which included Voivod as a Second Stage act. During an MTV interview, both Osbourne and Newsted showed extreme enthusiasm in writing a new album together, with Osbourne comparing Newsted to "a young Geezer Butler." However, this would not come to fruition as Newsted left Osbourne upon finishing tour duties in late 2003.^[14][15] He would soon be replaced by Rob Zombie bassist Rob "Blasko" Nicholson.^[16]

Newsted then focused solely on Voivod where, much like Echobrain, the group was funded entirely through him. They recorded two albums before Newsted's participation in Rock Star Supernova, a supergroup created through the reality television series, Rock Star: Supernova, in 2006.

Voivod[link]

The last incarnation of Voivod featured three of the four founding members: Denis Bélanger (aka Snake, vocals), Denis D'Amour (aka Piggy, guitars), and Michel Langevin (aka Away, drums), with Jason Newsted (aka Jasonic) on bass guitar. Guitarist D'Amour died at the age of 45 on August 26, 2005 due to complications from colon cancer.^[17] The record Katorz (a phonetic spelling of quatorze, the French word for fourteen), released in July 2006, was based around riffs found on D'Amour's laptop. A December 2008 update on Voivod's website noted that Newsted played "all the bass tracks" on their latest album Infini, which was released on June 23, 2009.^[18][19]

Rock Star Supernova[link]

Supernova formed the basis of the second season of the Rock Star television program on CBS in the quest to find a lead singer. The show began online on the Rock Star web site on MSN on Monday, July 3, 2006 with an Internet exclusive weekly episode and premiered on CBS on that Wednesday, July 5. Votes were cast via the Rock Star website. On September 13, 2006, Lukas Rossi was crowned the winner.

Shoulder injury[link]

On October 23, 2006, Newsted was injured while attempting to catch a falling bass amp head. The accident resulted in a torn anterior labrum in his left shoulder and a rotator cuff and biceps tear in the right. He was scheduled for immediate surgery, and underwent a lengthy rehab process. During this time he was unable to play, and began to express himself through painting.^[20] On January 4, 2007, he was back playing his bass again.^{[citation needed]}

Art career[link]

While recovering from his shoulder injury, Newsted found solace through painting. Newsted has turned out a number of large original works of art over the last half a decade.^[21] Jason Newsted says that he went "from making crazy and colorful music to making crazy and colorful paintings."^[22] His first gallery show opened on May 4, 2010 at Micaëla Gallery in San Francisco.^[23]

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction[link]

On April 4, 2009, Newsted was present with Metallica and played with the band alongside current bassist Robert Trujillo at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony in Cleveland.^[24] It was his first performance with the band in nearly 9 years, their last performance together having taken place at the 2000 VH1 Music Awards. Both Newsted and Trujillo performed onstage at the same time, which was a first for the band.

WhoCares[link]

In October 2010 it was announced that Newsted would be joining a supergroup with singer Ian Gillan and former keyboardist Jon Lord from Deep Purple, guitarist Tony Iommi from Black Sabbath, second guitarist Mikko Lindström from HIM and drummer Nicko McBrain from Iron Maiden. The band, called WhoCares, recorded a charity single titled "Out of My Mind".^[25] The charity single also features a track titled "Holy Water" and is available as via digital download or CD format as of 6 May 2011.^[26]

Equipment[link]

Bass guitars[link]

• Aria Pro II SB1000 (originally owned by Cliff Burton, used on the Damage, Inc. Tour, and now resides in Metallica's current recording studio)
• Fender 1958 Precision Bass (recording/studio bass) - Sunburst w/anodized gold pickguard (4-string)
• Sadowsky - Black Vintage with Ash body
• Sadowsky - Black Vintage (x2)
• Sadowsky - PJ - Cherry Sunburst and Caramel Sunburst
• Sadowsky - Vintage - Lake Placid Blue (4 string and 5 strings)
• Sadowsky - Vintage - Cherry Sunburst
• Sadowsky - Black Vintage - 24 Fret (x2)
• Alembic - Elan - Converted to Series II electronics - Formerly featured J/P/J pickup configuration (can be seen in this form during the ...And Justice For All tour) - Black (5-string)
• Alembic - Europa - Series II electronics - Black (5-, 6- and 10-string)
• Alembic - Spoiler - Converted to Series II electronics - Black (4-string)
• Alembic - Persuader - Converted to Series II electronics - Black (4-string) - Formerly sporting a clear gloss natural finish and two J-Bass pickups, it was repainted black when Jason sent the bass back to Alembic to have Series II electronics installed; it is erroneously referred to as a Spoiler, though Jason DID have a black Spoiler made for him as well and both basses are nearly identical; the only telltale sign being the location of the bird-shaped bridge.
• ESP Horizon Bass - Red (5-string) - Jason added a Metallica logo decal and a decal of the Jump In The Fire demon.
• ESP B-1 - Black (4-string)
• 1981 Spector NS-2 - Black, used in studio only (4-string) - According to Jason, this bass once belonged to Phil Soussan.
• Stuart Spector Design JN-4, JN-5, and JN-6 Signature Models - Transparent black satin (4-, 5-, and 6-string) - Extremely rare, modified SD body shape, quilted maple top, piezo pickup option, and red fiber optic side markers. Jason used these basses live from 1994-1995.
• Guild acoustic bass
• Wal MKII - Black w. Gold hardware (4- & 5-string, 5-string as seen in Metallica's video for "One")
• Hamer 12-string bass (used on Wherever I May Roam "and other minor key pick-bass stuff," according to Jason)
• Zon Legacy Elite fretless 5-string & Sonus Special 5-string
• Rickenbacker 4003 - White (4-string)
• Dingwall Voodoo Bass

Effects[link]

• Boss Flanger BF-2
• MXR Phase 100
• Mu-tron III Bass Pedal
• Tech 21 SansAmp Bass Driver DI
• Tech 21 XXL Overdrive
• Korg G-5 Bass Synth Processor
• Electro-Harmonix Big Muff
• Alesis Midiverb II
• Barcus-Berry Electronics Sonic Maximizer
• Morley Power Wah Boost

Amplifiers[link]

• Mesa/Boogie 1x15 combo
• Mesa/Boogie with SWR Heads
• Gibson Skylark Guitar amp
• Fender Folded Horn 1x18
• Ampeg 1974 SVT head
• Ampeg SVT cabinets
• Ampeg SVT II-Pro (x4)
• Ampeg 1980s SVTs
• Ampeg SVT 8"x10" pro speaker cabinets
• Ampeg ISO Vent 10"x15" speaker cabinets
• Ampeg B-15 combo amp

Philanthropy[link]

In 2004, Newsted signed on as an official supporter of Little Kids Rock, a non-profit organization that provides free musical instruments and instruction to children in underserved public schools throughout the U.S.A. Newsted sits on LKR's Honorary Board of Directors.

Discography[link]

Echobrain[link]

• Echobrain (2002)
• Strange Enjoyment (2002) (EP)
• Glean (2004) (writing credit on one song, producer)

Flotsam and Jetsam[link]

• Doomsday for the Deceiver (1986)
• No Place for Disgrace (1988) (writing credits on three songs)

Gov't Mule[link]

• The Deep End, Volume 2 (2002)

IR8/Sexoturica[link]

• IR8 vs. Sexoturica (2002)

Metallica[link]

• The $5.98 E.P.: Garage Days Re-Revisited (EP) (1987)
• ...And Justice for All (1988)
• Metallica (1991)
• Live Shit: Binge and Purge (1993)
• Load (1996)
• ReLoad (1997)
• Garage Inc. (1998)
• S&M (1999)
• Six Feet Down Under (2010)

Moss Brothers[link]

• Electricitation (2001)

Papa Wheelie[link]

• Unipsycho (2002)
• Live Lycanthropy (2003)

Rock Star Supernova[link]

• Rock Star Supernova (2006)

Sepultura[link]

• Against (1998) (Hatred Aside)

Unkle[link]

• Psyence Fiction (1998)

Voivod[link]

• Voivod (2003)
• Katorz (2006)
• Infini (2009)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jason Newsted

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (March 2012)

• CBS's "Rock Star" to Select Lead Singer for New Band
• Papa Wheelie's MySpace page
• HardRadio.com interview Newsted on Ozzy and Voivod
• Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame: Metallica FuseTV

Gloria Estefan
Background information
Birth name	Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García
Born	(1957-09-01) September 1, 1957 (age 54) Havana, Cuba
Origin	Miami, Florida, United States
Genres	Latin pop, dance-pop, pop, dance, EDM
Occupations	Singer-songwriter, actress, hotelier, restauranteur, writer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, percussion
Years active	1977–present
Labels	Epic (1977–2006) Burgundy (2007–2010) Crescent Moon / Verve Forecast (2011–present)
Associated acts	Emilio Estefan Miami Sound Machine Jon Secada Celia Cruz Lili Estefan
Website	gloriaestefan.com

Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García de Estefan, known professionally as Gloria Estefan (born September 1, 1957) is a Cuban-born American singer, songwriter, actress and entrepreneur. Known as the "Queen Of Latin Pop",^[1][2][3] she is in the top 100 best selling music artists with over 100 million albums sold worldwide,^[4][5] 31.5 million of those in the United States alone.^[6] She has won three Grammy Awards, and 4 Latin Grammys, and is the most successful crossover performer in Latin music to date.

Early life[link]

Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo was born September 1, 1957 in Havana, Cuba, to Jose and Gloria Fajardo. Her maternal grandfather, Leonardo Garcia, immigrated to Cuba from Pola de Siero, Asturias, Spain, where he married Gloria's maternal grandmother, originally from Logroño, Spain.^[7][8] Prior to the Cuban Revolution, her father was a Cuban soldier and a bodyguard to Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. The Fajardo family fled to Miami, Florida as a result of the Cuban Revolution and settled down there. Shortly after they moved to the United States, Gloria's father joined the US military and fought in the Vietnam War and moved to Houston, Texas, also having participated in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Gloria attended St. Michael-Archangel School^[9] and Our Lady of Lourdes Academy in Miami. Her father became ill after returning from Vietnam and Gloria helped her mother, Gloria Fajardo, care for him. Her mother worked as a school teacher for the Dade County Public School system. Gloria Estefan graduated from college in 1979 with a B.A. in psychology, with a minor in French, from the University of Miami.^[10][11] When she was studying at the university, she worked as an English/Spanish/French translator at Miami International Airport Customs Department and, because of her language abilities, was once approached by the CIA as a possible employee.^[12][13] Estefan was raised Catholic.^[14]

Marriage[link]

Gloria Estefan receiving flowers for her birthday at her show in the Ahoy Rotterdam, September 1, 2008

Gloria became romantically involved with the Miami Sound Machine's band leader, Emilio Estefan, in 1976. As she later revealed, "he was my first and only boyfriend." She and Emilio married on September 1, 1978.^[15][16] They have a son, Nayib (born September 2, 1980) and a daughter, Emily Marie (born December 5, 1994). The family lives in the Star Island section of Miami Beach, Florida.^[16][17][18]

Career in singing[link]

Mid-1970s through the 1980s[link]

Starting in 1977, the Miami Sound Machine, (the Miami Latin Boys with Gloria Estefan), began recording and releasing various albums, 45s, and 12"s on the Audiofon Records label in Miami. The first album from 1977 was entitled Live Again Renacer and was released with two different covers. After several more releases on the Audiofon label as well as the RCA Victor label and Miami Sound Machine's own label MSM Records, the band was signed to Discos CBS International and released several albums, 45s, and 12"s beginning with 1980s self-titled album Miami Sound Machine. Growing in popularity in both the United States and around the world, the group would continue recording and issuing various works for Discos CBS International through 1985. In 1984, Miami Sound Machine released their first Epic/Columbia album, Eyes of Innocence, which contained the dance hit "Dr. Beat" as well as the ballad "I Need Your Love". Their more successful follow-up album Primitive Love was released in 1985 launching three Top 10 hits on the Billboard Hot 100: "Conga" (U.S. #10), "Words Get In The Way" (U.S. #5), and "Bad Boy" (U.S. #8) became follow up hits in the U.S. and around the world. "Words Get in the Way" reached #1 on the US Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart, establishing that the group could perform pop ballads as successfully as dance tunes. The song "Hot Summer Nights" was also released that year and was part of the film Top Gun.

Their next album, 1987's Let It Loose, went multi-platinum, with six million copies sold in the US. It featured the following hits: "Anything for You" (#1 Hot 100), "1-2-3" (#3 Hot 100), "Betcha Say That" (#36 Hot 100), "Rhythm Is Gonna Get You" (#5 Hot 100), and "Can't Stay Away From You" (#6 Hot 100). "Can't Stay Away From You", "Anything for You" and "1-2-3" were all #1 Adult Contemporary hits as well.