Persis

Saturday, 15 December 2012

Persis (Overture) de James L. Hosay (Ateneo Musical de Bembrive)

bedah buku ustadz persis bertanya kh.alawi menjawab - uninus bandung 4 dari 4.flv

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Abadeh
Abadeh (Persian: آباده ‎, also Romanized as Ābādeh) is a city in and the capital of Abadeh County, in Fars Province, Iran. Abadeh is situated at an elevation of 6,200 feet (1,890 m) in a fertile plain on the high road between Isfahan and Shiraz, 140 miles (230 km) from the former and 170 miles (270 km) from the latter. At the 2006 census, its population was 52,042, in 14,184 families. As of 2009, the population was estimated to be 59042.
It is the largest city in the Abadeh-Eghlid district, which is famed for its carved wood-work, made of the wood of pear and box trees. Sesame oil, castor oil, grain, and various fruits are also produced there. The area is famous for its Abadeh rugs.
Abadeh historical monuments include Emirate Kolah Farangi, Tymcheh Sarafyan and Khaje tomb, located in the Khoja mountains. Abadeh crafts can be embroidered in cotton. The town also produces Abadeh rugs.
Expessway 65 passes through Abadeh. This situation helps Abadeh to improve its capabilities compared to the neighboring city, Eqlid. Road 78 makes connections from Abadeh to Abarkuh, Yazd Eqlid and Yasuj. It has a junction with Abadeh Shiraz Expressway 24 km south of the city. A road starts from Abadeh Ring Road to Soqad and Semirom, Road 55.

wn.com/Abadeh
Abarshahr
Abarshahr was a satrapy (province) of the Sassanid Empire. The population was supported by the Hari river, which was used for irrigation. Strabo cited the regions abundant wine-production. Cities in the region were Candac, Artacauan, and Apameia, and Pushang (founded by Shapur I), among others. The capital was a vital point of administration and of communications toward Bactria, India, and Sagistan. The region was involved in the Indian and Chinese trade. Its governor bore the unique title of kanarang.

Coordinates: 37°45′37″N 45°58′37″E / 37.76017°N 45.977039°E / 37.76017; 45.977039

wn.com/Abarshahr
Achaemenid dynasty
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.

wn.com/Achaemenid_dynasty
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.

wn.com/Achaemenid_Empire
Afif-Abad Garden
Coordinates: 29°37′23.38″N 52°29′54.1″E / 29.6231611°N 52.498361°E / 29.6231611; 52.498361
Afif-Abad Garden (Persian: باغ عفیف آباد‎; also known as Golshan Garden) is a museum complex in Shiraz, Iran.
Located in the affluent Afif-Abad district of Shiraz, the complex was constructed in 1863. It contains a former royal mansion, a historical weapons museum, and a Persian garden, all open to the public.
Afif Abad Garden is one of the oldest gardens in Shiraz.
During the Safavid Period it was used as a palace by the Safavid Shahs.
The current main building was constructed by Mirza Ali Mohammadkhan Ghawam II (Persian: ميرزا علي محمدخان قوام الملك دوم‎) in 1863. He bought a nearby ghanat to water his garden. After his death the garden was eventually inheritted by Afife, thus being called Afif Abad.
In 1962, it was restored by the army. It is now functioning as a weapons museum.
A relief of a Qajar soldier on one of the walls of the mansion
View of the garden and mansion
Closeup view of the mansion in the garden

wn.com/Afif-Abad_Garden
Arad, Iran
Arad (Persian: ارد‎, also Romanized as Ard, Erad, Īrad, and Ird) is a city in and the capital of Arad District, in Gerash County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,264, in 1,181 families.
The outskirts of the town include many farming areas and dry open land. Arad is enclosed by two large mountains running parallel to the city. This makes travel to the city difficult. There is one two sided paved road running from a two-way split further down the road. This highway runs both east and west to large cities such as Jahrom, Qom, Firouzabad, Shiraz, Lar, Evaz, Gerash, and continues all the way South to the port city of Bandar Abbas.
Arad has a few markets where citizens may purchase fruits, vegetables, food, meats, bread, and other house-hold items. The city also sports a lone gas station just outside of the city. Many of the working population either work in a larger city/province, work in the farms, shops, or transport goods for a living. Most of the housing in the city is pre-modern clay and sand hardened structures. Newer buildings are made from bright white marble tile. The town is governed by a single Police/Military station/office.

wn.com/Arad,_Iran
Ardabil Province
Ardabil Province (Persian: استان اردبیل‎, Ostān-e Ardabīl ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north west of the country, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan and the provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan. Its centre is the city of Ardabil. The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azerbaijan and the northern part of Gilan.
Many tourists come to the region for its cool climate (max 35 °C) during the hot summer months. The winters are bitter cold, with temperatures plummeting to -25°C.
Its famous natural region is the Sabalan mountains. The population of Ardabil province is mainly composed of Azeris, Talish, Tats, Kurds and Persians. The province is considered the coldest province in Iran by many. Large parts of the province are green and forested.
Famous athletes such as Ali Daei and Hossein Rezazade are originally from Ardabil.
Ardabil's capital stands about 70 km from the Caspian Sea and has an area of 18011 km². Neighbouring the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan, the city is of great political and economic significance. The province has been blessed with splendid natural beauty and numerous sights.

wn.com/Ardabil_Province
Ardakan, Fars
Ardakan (Persian: اردكان‎, also Romanized as Ārdaḵān) is a city in and the capital of Sepidan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16,212, in 3,534 families.
On 5 January 2011 an earthquake with 5.3 magnitude occurred near the city. The town is very famous for its great ice cream.

wn.com/Ardakan,_Fars
Arg of Karim Khan
The Arg of Karim Khan (Persian: ارگ کريمخاني‎) is a citadel located in the north-east of Shiraz, southern Iran. It was built as part of a complex during the Zand dynasty and is named after Karim Khan, and served as his living quarters. In shape it resembles a medieval fortress.
At times, the citadel was used as a prison. Today, it is a museum operated by Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization.
The Arg of Karim Khan is also known as Arge Karim Khan, Arge KarimKhani and Citadel of Karim Khan.
Arg-e-Karim Khan was built in 1180 AH (1766-7). Karim Khan invited the best architects and artists of the time and bought the best materials from other cities and abroad for the construction of the citadel of Karim Khan, which was quickly constructed. During the Zand dynasty it was used by the king as living quarters. During the Qajar period it was used as the governor's seat.
Prince Abdolhosein Mirza Farmanfarma, governor of Fars Province, ordered the miniatures in the citadel to be renovated.
After the fall of the Qajar Dynasty it was converted into a prison and the paintings were plastered over. In 1971 it was given to Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization. The renovation of the citadel started in 1977.

wn.com/Arg_of_Karim_Khan
Arsanjan
Arsanjan (Persian: ارسنجان‎, also Romanized as Arsanjān, Arsenjān, and Arsinjān) is a city in and the capital of Arsanjan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17,642, in 4,397 families. It is at an altitude of 1,638 metres (5,374 ft).

wn.com/Arsanjan
Bahman, Fars
Bahman (Persian: بهمن‎) is a city in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,484, in 1,604 families.

wn.com/Bahman,_Fars
Bahrain
Bahrain ( pronunciation) (Arabic: ‏البحرين‎, al-Baḥrayn) (Persian: ‏بحرين‎, Baḥrain), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملكة البحرين‎, Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn), is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,234,571, including 666,172 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.
Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands, the largest being Bahrain Island, at 55 km (34 mi) long by 18 km (11 mi) wide. Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway. The peninsula of Qatar is to the southeast across the Gulf of Bahrain. The planned Qatar Bahrain Causeway will link Bahrain and Qatar and become the world's longest marine causeway.
Known for its oil and pearls, Bahrain is also home to many large structures, including the Bahrain World Trade Center and the Bahrain Financial Harbour, with a proposal in place to build the 1,022 m (3,353 ft) high Murjan Tower. The Qal'at al-Bahrain (the harbour and capital of the ancient land of Dilmun) was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005. The Bahrain Formula One Grand Prix takes place at the Bahrain International Circuit.

wn.com/Bahrain
Behistun Inscription
Coordinates: 34°23′18″N 47°26′12″E / 34.38833°N 47.43667°E / 34.38833; 47.43667
The Behistun Inscription (also Bistun or Bisutun, Modern Persian: بیستون < Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multi-lingual inscription located on Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran.
Authored by Darius the Great sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC, the inscription begins with a brief autobiography of Darius, including his ancestry and lineage. Later in the inscription, Darius provides a lengthy sequence of events following the deaths of Cyrus the Great and Cambyses II in which he fought nineteen battles in a period of one year (ending in December of 521 BC) to put down multiple rebellions throughout the Persian Empire. The inscription states in detail that the rebellions, which had resulted from the deaths of Cyrus the Great and his son Cambyses II, were orchestrated by several impostors and their co-conspirators in various cities throughout the empire, each of whom falsely proclaimed kinghood during the upheaval following Cyrus's death.

wn.com/Behistun_Inscription
Bishapur
Coordinates: 29°46′40″N 51°34′15″E / 29.77778°N 51.57083°E / 29.77778; 51.57083
Bishapur (or Bishâpûr) is an ancient city situated south of modern Faliyan, Iran on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Istakhr (very close to Persepolis) and Ctesiphon. Bishapur is in the kazerun.
Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs.
According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 by Shapur I (241-272), who was the second Sassanid king, restored the borders of the empire to where they had been in the Achaemenid Persian period, inflicting a triple defeat on the Romans. In his native province of Fars, he built a new capital that would measure up to his ambitions: Bishapur, Shapur's City. Outside the city, Shapur decorated the sides of the Bishapur River gorge with huge historical reliefs commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. One of these reliefs, in a semicircular shape, has rows of registers with files of soldiers and horses, in a deliberate imitation of the narrative scenes on the Trajan column in Rome. At Bishapur the king also inaugurated the Sassanid imagery of the king's investiture, which would be copied by his successors: the king and the god are face to face, often on horseback, and the god - usually Ahura Mazda - is holding the royal diadem out to the sovereign.

wn.com/Bishapur
Bushehr Province
Bushehr Province (Persian: استان بوشهر‎, Ostān-e Būshehr ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, with a long coastline onto the Persian Gulf. Its center is Bandar-e-Bushehr, the provincial capital. The province has nine counties: Bushehr, Dashtestan, Dashti, Dayyer, Deylam, Jam, Kangan, Ganaveh and Tangestan. In 2005, the province had a population of approximately 816,115 people.
The Greeks knew of Bushehr by Mezambria during the battles of Nearchus. A French excavating team however in 1913 determined the origin of Bushehr to date back to the Elamite Empire. A city there, known as Lyan, contained a temple that was designed to protect the compound from naval attacks. Its remains can still be seen today 10 kilometers south of the present city of Bushehr.
Marco Polo describes this region as part of the Persian province of Shabankareh
A key turning point in the history of Bor event of significance is known to have taken place in this region until the arrival of the European colonialists in the 16th century.

wn.com/Bushehr_Province
Caucasian Iberia
Iberia (Georgian — იბერია, Latin: Iberia and Greek: Ἰβηρία), also known as Iveria (Georgian: ივერია), was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC – 5th century AD), corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. The term Caucasian Iberia (or Eastern Iberia) is used to distinguish it from the Iberian Peninsula, where the present day countries of Spain, Portugal and Andorra are located.
The Caucasian Iberians provided a basis for later Georgian statehood and along with Colchis (early western Georgian state) formed a core of the present day Georgian people (or Kartvelians).
One theory on the etymology of the name Iberia, proposed by Giorgi Melikishvili, was that it was derived from the contemporary Armenian designation for Georgia, Virkʿ (Armenian: Վիրք, and Ivirkʿ [Իվիրք] and Iverkʿ [Իվերք]), which itself was connected to the word Sver (or Svir), the Kartvelian designation for Georgians. The letter "s" in this instance served as a prefix for the root word "Ver" (or "Vir"). Accordingly, in following Ivane Javakhishvili's theory, the ethnic designation of "Sber", a variant of Sver, was derived the word "Hber" ("Hver") (and thus Iberia) and the Armenian variants, Ver and Vir.

wn.com/Caucasian_Iberia
Ctesiphon
Coordinates: 33°05′37″N 44°34′50″E / 33.09361°N 44.58056°E / 33.09361; 44.58056 Ctesiphon /tɛsɨfɒn/, the imperial capital of the Parthian Arsacids and of the Persian Sassanids, was one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia.
The ruins of the city are located on the east bank of the Tigris, across the river from the Hellenistic city of Seleucia. Today, the remains of the city lies in Baghdad Governorate, Iraq, approximately 35 km south of the city of Baghdad.
The Latin name Ctesiphon or Ctesifon derives from Greek Ktēsiphōn (Κτησιφῶν), a Hellenized form of a local name that has been reconstructed as Tosfōn or Tosbōn. In Iranian sources of the Sassanid period it is attested in Manichean Parthian, in Sassanid Middle Persian and in Christian Sogdian as Pahlavi tyspwn, continuing in New Persian as Tisfun (تيسفون). Syriac sources mention it as ܩܛܝܣܦܘܢ Qṭēsfōn, and in medieval Arabic texts the name is usually Ṭaysafūn (طيسفون) or Qaṭaysfūn (قطيسفون), in Modern Arabic al-Mada'in (المدائن). "According to Yāqūt [...], quoting Ḥamza, the original form was Ṭūsfūn or Tūsfūn, which was arabicized as Ṭaysafūn." The Armenian name of the city was Tizbon (Տիզբոն). Ctesiphon is first mentioned in the Book of Ezra of the Old Testament as Kasfia/Casphia (a derivative of the ethnic name, Cas, and a cognate of Caspian and Qazvin).

wn.com/Ctesiphon
Darab
Darab (Persian: داراب‎, also Romanized as Dārāb) is a city in and the capital of Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54,513, in 13,279 families.
Around Darab are a lot of villages such as Tizab, Nasravan, Barab.
Darab city one of the oldest cities in Iran, and is even mentioned in the famous persian epic Shahname by Ferdowsi.
Major city products are wheat , citrus, cotton, maize and palm.

wn.com/Darab
Dehram
Dehram (Persian: دهرم‎) is a city in and the capital of Dehram District, in Farashband County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,946, in 684 families.

wn.com/Dehram
Efzar
Efzar (Persian: افزر‎; formerly, Marand (Persian: مرند), also known as Marand Ābādeh) is a city in and the capital of Efzar District, in Qir and Karzin County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,243, in 470 families.

wn.com/Efzar
Elam
Elam was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam is a transcription from Biblical Hebrew, corresponding to the Sumerian elam(a), the Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the ancient near east. In classical literature, Elam was more often referred to as Susiana, a name derived from its capital, Susa.
Situated just to the east of Mesopotamia, Elam was part of the early urbanization during the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Mesopotamian history where writing was used slightly earlier. In the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered in Anshan, and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands. Its culture played a crucial role in the Gutian Empire, especially during the Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded it, when the Elamite language remained among those in official use. Elamite is generally treated as an isolate language.

wn.com/Elam
Eqlid
Eqlid (Persian: اقليد‎, also Romanized as Eqlīd, Eklīd, and Iqlīd) is a city in and the capital of Eqlid County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 49,709, in 1,497 families.
Eqlid is located 22 km west of the Expressway between Isfahan and Shiraz. The population of Eghlid is about 45,000 (2011). It is located close to the mountain chain Zagros and is one of the highest elevations (a mountain peak known as Bol) among Iran cities (2250 meters). It is also close to the desert city of Abarqu, making it a city in the border of high mountain and desert. It has a dry and cold weather, and some of its mountain peaks are covered by snow throughout the year. It is an agriculture city and its main products are wheat, barley, potato and fruits like grapes, walnut, apple, and pear.
During the Achamenid empire its name was azargarta.(source: partoye vahid dar asrare takhte jamshid پرتوی وحید در اسرار تخت جمشید )
Eghlid's name might come from "kelid," which means key in Persian. Up to the recent years, older people used to call it "kelil." The main reason behind this name is that it was the main gateway to Fars, and specially Persepolis in the old ages and the road called "royal road" used to pass through it. other routes to Persepolis were mountainous and difficult to pass.

wn.com/Eqlid
Eram Garden
Coordinates: 29°38′09″N 52°31′31″E / 29.63583°N 52.52528°E / 29.63583; 52.52528
Eram Garden (Persian: باغ ارم‎ "Bāgh of Eram") is a historic Persian garden in Shiraz, Iran. Eram is the Persianized version of the Arabic word "Iram" meaning heaven in the Muslim's book of Koran.^{[citation needed]} Eram Garden therefore is so called for its beauties and aesthetic attractions resembling "heaven." The garden, and the Qavam House within it, iare located on the northern shore of the Khoshk river in the Fars province.
Both the Qavam House pavilion and the garden were built during the middle of nineteenth cenutry by the Ilkhanate or a paramount chief of the Qashqai tribes of Pars. The original layout of the garden however, with its quadripartite Persian Paradise garden structure was most likely laied in eighteenth century by the Seljuqs, and was then referred to as the "Bagh-e-Shah" (meaning the "garden of the king" in Persian) and was much less complicated or ornamental.Cornelius de Bruyn, a traveller from the Netherlands, wrote a description of the gardens in the eighteenth century.

wn.com/Eram_Garden
Eshkanan
Eshkanan (Persian: اشكنان‎, also Romanized as Eshkanān, Īshkanān, and ‘Ishqanān) is a city in and the capital of Eshkanan District, in Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 7,513, in 1,516 families.

wn.com/Eshkanan
Estahban
Estahban (Persian: استهبان‎, also Romanized as Estahbān and Eşţahbān; formerly, Eşţahbānāt, Estehbanat, Istehbānāt, and Shahr-e Eşţahbānāt; also formerly known as Savānāt) is a city in and the capital of Estahban County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 33,101, in 8,714 families.
Estahban is known to be the birth place of Cyrus the Great and Ardashir I.
The area about Estahban is very fertile, which is the largest producer of saffron, grain, cotton, walnut, almond, grapes and other fruits in the middle east. Estahban has been the most famous provider of figs to the world. It is also one of the biggest producers of saffron. Its original name Estahbanat was changed to Estahban in 1970.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

wn.com/Estahban
Estakhr
Estakhr (in Persian: استخر‎) was an ancient city located in southern Iran, in Fars province, five kilometers north of Persepolis. It was a prosperous city during the time of Achaemenid Persia.
At first, Estakhr was an Achaemenid city in present-day Fârs Province, Iran. It gained its importance not only from its close association with Persepolis, but commanded the western end of an ancient caravan route that ran from the Indus Valley via Kandahar and Seistan to Persia/Parthia.
It temporarily became the capital of Sassanian Persia during the reign of Ardashir I before the capital moved to Ctesiphon. During the Sasanid period the royal treasury of the empire known as ganj ī šāhīgān is said to have been in Eṣṭaḵr. In 915-16, Masʿūdī himself saw in a house at Estakhr owned by a Persian noble, "the large and very fine manuscript" of a work copied in 731 from original documents in the royal treasury.
In 659 CE, Caliph Ali sent Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan to suppress a Persian rebellion in Estakhr. Ziyad succeeded at this and stayed on as governor. For a while, Abdallah ibn Muawiya (the designated leader of a Kaysanites Shia sub-sect) established himself at Estakhr from where he ruled for a few years over Fārs and other parts of Persia, including Ahvaz, Jibal, Isfahan and Kerman from 744 to 748 until fleeing to Khurasan from the advancing Umayyad forces. After being rebuilt, the city lost its importance to Shiraz. Today only an archaeological site remains.

wn.com/Estakhr
Evaz
Evaz (Persian: اوز‎, also Romanized as ‘Avaz, Avaz, Evazeh, and ‘Iwaz) is a city in and the capital of Evaz District, in Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 14,315, in 3,297 families.
It is one of the fastest growing towns in the region due in large part to a number of Evazi individuals who provide financial support for the development of robust academic infrastructure.^{[citation needed]}
Professor Abdolmajid Arfaee, Iranian Elamologist and former professor of university of Chicago said: true pronunciation of this word is Avaz and this word has same root with Ahvaz, Khuz and Khuzestan. In old Persian this word called Uvaja or Uvja.. The local pronunciation of the word is "EhWaz" and some more recently refer to it as "Awadh"
The people of Larestan are also known generally as Achomi by Iranians. The Larestani (not to be confused with Lurestan (Lorestan) ethnics are not Persian, but a mix of Lur, Persian, Arab, Afghan, Baluchi, Punjabi and even African all due to migratory, trade and battles throughout the years.

wn.com/Evaz
Farashband
Farashband (Persian: فراشبند‎, also Romanized as Farrāshband; also known as Farāsh and Farrāsh) is a city in and the capital of Farashband County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17,142, in 3,762 families. It is located at an altitude of 775 metres (2,543 ft).

wn.com/Farashband
Fars Province
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Fars Province (Persian: استان فارس‎ Ostān-e Fārs pronounced [fɑː(r)s]), originally spelled Pars (پارس), is one of the 31 provinces and known as Cultural Capital of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. It has an area of 122,400 km². In 2006, this province had a population of 4.57 million people, of which 61.2% were registered as urban dwellers, 38.1% villagers, and 0.7% nomad tribes. The etymology of the word "Persian" (Pārs-ian : پارسیان) is derived from the cultural capital of Iran and found in many ancient names associated with Iran.
Fars or Pars is the original homeland of the Persian people. The native name of the Persian language is Fârsi or Pârsi. Persia and Persian both derive from the Hellenized form Πέρσις Persis of the root word Pârs. The Old Persian word was Pârsâ.
The word Fars is derived from 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 Pârsa, the Old Persian name for Persia and its capital, Persepolis. Fars is the Arabized version of Pârs, as Arabic has no [p] phoneme.

wn.com/Fars_Province
Fasa
Fasa (Persian: فسا‎, also Romanized as Fasā and Fassa) is a city in and the capital of Fasa County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 90,251, in 22,097 families.

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Firouzabad
Firuzabad (Persian: فيروزآباد‎ also Romanized as Fīrūzābād; anciently, Sassanid Middle Persian Ardasher-Khwarrah – اردشيرخوره, meaning "The Glory of Ardasher") is a city in and the capital of Firuzabad County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 58,210, in 12,888 families.
Firuzabad is located south of Shiraz. The town is surrounded by a mud wall and ditch.
Alexander of Macedonia destroyed the original city of Gōr. Centuries later, Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanid Dynasty, revived the city before it was ransacked during the Arab invasion of the seventh century.
Firuzabad is situated in a low-lying area of the region, so Alexander was able to drown the city by directing the flow of a river into the city. The lake he created remained until Ardashir I built a tunnel to drain it. He founded his new capital city on this site.
Ardeshir's new city was known as Khor Ardeshīr, Ardeshīr Khurah and Shāhr-ī Gōr. It had a circular plan so precise in measurement that the Persian historian Ibn Balkhi wrote it to be "devised using a compass". It was protected by a trench 50 meters in width, and was 2 kilometers in diameter. The city had four gates; to the north was the Hormoz Gate, to the south the Ardeshir Gate, to the east the Mithra Gate and to the west the Bahram Gate. The royal capital's compounds were constructed at the center of a circle 450 m in radius. At the center point of the city was a Zoroastrian fire temple 30 m high and spiral in design, which is thought to have been the architectural predecessor of the Great Mosque of Samarra of Iraq. (See satellite photo in the top right hand corner of the article.)

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Fārs Province
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Fars Province (Persian: استان فارس‎ Ostān-e Fārs pronounced [fɑː(r)s]), originally spelled Pars (پارس), is one of the 31 provinces and known as Cultural Capital of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. It has an area of 122,400 km². In 2006, this province had a population of 4.57 million people, of which 61.2% were registered as urban dwellers, 38.1% villagers, and 0.7% nomad tribes. The etymology of the word "Persian" (Pārs-ian : پارسیان) is derived from the cultural capital of Iran and found in many ancient names associated with Iran.
Fars or Pars is the original homeland of the Persian people. The native name of the Persian language is Fârsi or Pârsi. Persia and Persian both derive from the Hellenized form Πέρσις Persis of the root word Pârs. The Old Persian word was Pârsâ.
The word Fars is derived from 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 Pârsa, the Old Persian name for Persia and its capital, Persepolis. Fars is the Arabized version of Pârs, as Arabic has no [p] phoneme.

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Gerash
Gerash (Persian: گراش‎, also Romanized as Gerāsh and Girāsh) is a city in and the capital of Gerash County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 27,574, in 6,261 families.
People of Gerash speak Gerashi, a language with 2 main branches: Nassagi (ناساگی) and Barqe-Roozi (برق روزی, commonly known as Belalizi). Despite the high volatility in the population due to seasonal migration, the population is estimated to be at around 50,000 Gerashis.
The people of Gerash were converted to Shia Muslims in the 5th century after Hijrah (the immigration of prophet Muhammad (PBUHAHP) to Medina from Mecca) by Amir Mohyeddin Ibn Afeef-Addeen Al Musawi, a direct descendent of the Prophet of Islam, and the son of Afeef-Addeen Al Musawi, to whom the conquest of certain areas in the South of Iran by Arab Muslim warriors is attributed. It is known that Afeef-Addeen left Hijaz (in present-day Saudi Arabia) along with warriors from two tribes from Medina, namely Hawazin Bani Al-Muntafiq and Banu Tamim, and set for the conquest of the Persian South; areas that, due to their dry conditions and mountainous array, had remained immune to the Islamic conquests during the second Caliphate's time. Prior to its conversion to Islam, Gerash was ruled by a Zoroastrian warrior by the name of Sarem Ibn Khoora (a Persian).

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Gilan Province
Gilan Province (Persian: استان گیلان‎, Ostān-e Gīlān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It lies along the Caspian Sea, just west of the province of Mazandaran, east of the province of Ardabil, north of the provinces of Zanjan and Qazvin. The northern part of the province is part of territory of South (Iranian) Talysh. At the center of the province is the main city of Rasht. Other towns in the province include Astara, Astaneh-e Ashrafiyyeh, Fuman, Lahijan, Langrud, Masouleh, Manjil, Rudbar, Roudsar, Shaft, Talesh, and Soumahe Sara.
The main harbor port of the province is Bandar-e Anzali (previously Bandar-e Pahlavi).
During the Persian era, this area was a province known as Daylam (sometimes Daylaman, Dailam or Delam). The Daylam region corresponds to the modern region of Gīlān. It was the place of origin of the Buyid dynasty. The people of the province had a prominent position during the Sassanid dynasty, their presence extended to Mesopotamia.
The first recorded encounter between Gilak and Deylamite warlords and invading Muslim Arab armies was at the Battle of Jalula in 637 AD. Deylamite commander Muta led an army of Gils, Deylamites, Azerbaijanis and people of the Rey region. Muta was killed in the battle and his defeated army managed to retreat in an orderly manner.

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Golestan Province
Golestan Province (Persian: استان گلستان‎, Ostān-e Golestān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country, south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan.
Golestān was split off from the province of Mazandaran in 1997. It has a population of 1.6 million (2006) and an area of 20,380 km². The major townships of the province are: Gorgan, Gonbad Kavoos, Bandar Torkaman, Bandar Gaz, Aliabad-e katul, Kord Kooy, Fenderesk and Minoo Dasht. Present-day Gorgan was called Esterabad or Astarabad until 1937.

Gorgān, Hyrcania in Latin, the district of "the wolves" (still seen thereabouts), is mentioned already as Varkāna- in the Behistun inscription.
Human settlements in this area date back to 10 000 BCE. Evidence of the ancient city of Jorjan can still be seen near the current city of Gonbad-e Kavus. This was an important city of Persia, located on the Silk Road.
Under the Achaemenid Iran, it seems to have been administered as a sub-province of Parthia and is not named separately in the provincial lists of Darius and Xerxes. The Hyrcanians, however, under the leadership of Megapanus, are mentioned by Herodotus in his list of Xerxes’ army during the invasion of Greece.

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Hamadan Province
Hamedan Province (Persian: استان همدان‎, Ostān-e Hamadān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its center is Hamedan city. The province of Hamedan covers an area of 19,546 km². In the year 1996, Hamedan province had a population of approximately 1.7 million people.
Other major cities of Hamedan province are: Toyserkan, Nahavand, Malayer, Asad Abad, Bahar, Razan, Kabudrahang.
The province lies in an elevated region, with the 'Alvand' mountains, running from the north west to the south west. These are part of the Zagros mountain range of Iran.
Hamedan enjoys temperate warm summers and relatively cold winters.
Malayer county has a population of around 310,000 people, Nahavand county has a population of 200,000 people, Hamadan County has a population of 700,000 thousand people, Tooserkan and Asadabad each have a population of around 150,000, Kabutare ahang, Razan, and Bahar each have a population of between 120,000 - 140,000 people. Kurdish, Azeri, Luri, and Persian language are spoken amongst the people of Hamadan Province, where Azeri is more popular in northern and eastern areas and Kurdish are mostly spoken in the west. In the central parts like Hamadan County and parts of Tooserkan, Persian is more common. Luri is spoken in southern parts of Malayer country and all of Nahavand .

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Hormozgan Province
Hormozgan Province (Persian: استان هرمزگان‎, Ostān-e Hormozgān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, facing Oman. Its area is 70,697 km² (27,296 sq mi), and its provincial capital is Bandar Abbas. The province has 14 islands located in the Persian Gulf, and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.
The province has eleven major cities, namely: Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh, HajiAbbad, Minab, Qeshm, Jask, Bastak, Bandar Khamir, Parsian, Rudan, and Abumusa. The province also has 21 counties (or districts), 69 municipalities, and 2046 villages. In 2007, the population of the province was at almost 1.5 million.
Although Hormozgan is known to have had settlements during the Achaemenid era and when Nearchus passed through this region, the recorded history of the main port of Hormozgan (Bandar-e Hormoz) begins with Ardashir I of Persia of the Sassanid empire.
The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but grew even further in trade and commercial significance after the arrival of the Islamic era.

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Hormozgān Province
Hormozgan Province (Persian: استان هرمزگان‎, Ostān-e Hormozgān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south of the country, facing Oman. Its area is 70,697 km² (27,296 sq mi), and its provincial capital is Bandar Abbas. The province has 14 islands located in the Persian Gulf, and 1,000 km (620 mi) of coastline.
The province has eleven major cities, namely: Bandar Abbas, Bandar Lengeh, HajiAbbad, Minab, Qeshm, Jask, Bastak, Bandar Khamir, Parsian, Rudan, and Abumusa. The province also has 21 counties (or districts), 69 municipalities, and 2046 villages. In 2007, the population of the province was at almost 1.5 million.
Although Hormozgan is known to have had settlements during the Achaemenid era and when Nearchus passed through this region, the recorded history of the main port of Hormozgan (Bandar-e Hormoz) begins with Ardashir I of Persia of the Sassanid empire.
The province is said to have been particularly prosperous between 241 BC and 211 BC, but grew even further in trade and commercial significance after the arrival of the Islamic era.

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Ilam Province
Ilam Province (Persian: استان ایلام‎, Ostān-e Īlām ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-west of the country, bordering Iraq. Its provincial center is the city of Ilam. Covering an area of 19,086 square kilometers, the cities of the province are Ilam, Mehran, Dehloran, Dareh Shahr, Sarable, Eyvan, Abdanan and Arkwaz. It neighbors Khuzestan province in the south, Lurestan province in the east, Kermanshah province in the north and Iraq in the west with 425 kilometers of common border. The population of the province is approximately 540,000 people (2005 estimate).
Ilam province is among the warmest regions of Iran, although the mountainous areas of north and north eastern Ilam are relatively cold. The average annual rainfall province is 578 mm. Ilam's highest point is the peak Kabir Kuh at 2790 m, part of the Zagros mountains. Eyvan and Ilam (city) are less warmer than the other cities in the province because thay situated in the north of the province.wheat is the most common corp cultivated in this province.

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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (ⁱ/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران‎ [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎ Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km² (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.

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Isfahan Province
Isfahan Province (Persian: استان اصفهان‎ Ostān-e Esfahān‎), also transliterated as Esfahan, Espahan, Sepahan or Isphahan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Isfahan.
The province of Esfahan covers an area of approximately 107,027 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Esfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it is bordered by the province of Lurestan and to the southwest by the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.
The city of Esfahan is the provincial capital; and the counties of this province are as follows: Aran va Bidgol, Ardestan, Esfahan, Lanjan , Shahinshahr and Meymeh, Khomeini Shahr, Khansar, (The Upper) Semirom, Fereydan, Fereydunshahr, Falavarjan, Kashan, Golpayegan, Khomeini-shahr, Mobarakeh, Nain, Najaf Abad, Lower Semirom (Dehaghan), Shahreza, Anarak and Natanz; 18 townships, 38 counties, 67 cities, and 2470 villages in all. According to the census in the year 2006, the population of the province was 4,559,256 of which approximately 83.3 percent were urban residents and 16.7 percent resided in the rural areas. The literacy rate was 88.65 percent.

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Isfahan province
Isfahan Province (Persian: استان اصفهان‎ Ostān-e Esfahān‎), also transliterated as Esfahan, Espahan, Sepahan or Isphahan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is located in the center of the country. Its capital is the city of Isfahan.
The province of Esfahan covers an area of approximately 107,027 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Esfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it is bordered by the province of Lurestan and to the southwest by the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.
The city of Esfahan is the provincial capital; and the counties of this province are as follows: Aran va Bidgol, Ardestan, Esfahan, Lanjan , Shahinshahr and Meymeh, Khomeini Shahr, Khansar, (The Upper) Semirom, Fereydan, Fereydunshahr, Falavarjan, Kashan, Golpayegan, Khomeini-shahr, Mobarakeh, Nain, Najaf Abad, Lower Semirom (Dehaghan), Shahreza, Anarak and Natanz; 18 townships, 38 counties, 67 cities, and 2470 villages in all. According to the census in the year 2006, the population of the province was 4,559,256 of which approximately 83.3 percent were urban residents and 16.7 percent resided in the rural areas. The literacy rate was 88.65 percent.

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Jahrom
Jahrom (Persian: جهرم‎, also Romanized as Jahrūm) is a city in and the capital of Jahrom County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 103,023, in 25,946 families.
Jahrom is located 190 kilometres (120 mi) southeast of Shiraz, the capital of Fars Province. The majority of people in Jahrom are Persians. Many tropical and sub-tropical plants are grown in Jahrom (i.e. palm date, citrus, wheat. Based on Ahmad Kasravi, the late Iranian historians and philologist, the name Jahrom can be analyzed to render a "warm-place". But a more satisfactory etymology interprets the name as a "green-place".
Jahrom's history goes back some 5500 years when the Achaemenids established the Persian Empire. The biggest hand-made cave in the world is in the south of Jahrom and is called "Sangeshkan Cave".^{[citation needed]}. The Sassanid monument of Qadamgāh is located in south east of the city 190 km from Shiraz, experts believe the monument was constructed during the late Sasanian dynastic era (224-651 CE), and it was a Zoroastrian shrine, probably a fire temple. The monument was registered in Iran’s National Heritage list in 1956 but sadly the site in danger as the result of unprofessional restorations. Jahrom is the birth place of Barbod, who became the main lyricist and musician in the court of the great Sassanid king Khosrau II(Parviz).

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Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
The Ka'ba-ye Zartosht (alt: Kaba-ye Zardusht, Kaba-ye Zardosht , Persian: کعبه زرتشت), meaning the "Cube of Zoroaster," is a 5th century B.C.E. Achaemenid-era tower-like construction at Naqsh-e Rustam, an archaeological site just northwest of Persepolis, Iran. This enigmatic structure is one of many surviving examples of the achaemenid architectural design.
The name Ka'ba-ye Zartosht probably dates to the 14th century, when many pre-Islamic sites were identified with figures and events of the Qur'ān or the Shāhnāme. The structure is not actually a Zoroastrian shrine, nor are there reports of it ever having been a pilgrimage site.
The structure, which is a copy of a sister building at Pasargadae, was built either by Darius I (r. 521–486 BCE) when he moved to Persepolis, by Artaxerxes II (r. 404–358 BCE) or Artaxerxes III (r. 358–338 BCE). The building at Pasargadae is a few decades older. The wall surrounding the tower dates to Sassanid times.
The square tower is constructed of white limestone blocks, that - unlike those of the sister building - are held in place by iron cramps. Mortar was not used in its construction. Each side of the building is 7.25 m wide. The 12.5 m high structure has a slightly pyramidal roof and stands on a 1.5 m high three-stepped plinth. Each face of the building is decorated with slightly recessed false windows of black limestone.

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Kamfiruz
Kamfiruz (Persian: كامفيروز‎, also Romanized as Kāmfīrūz; also known as Kāmfīrūz-e Jonūbī, meaning "South Kamfiruz") is a city in and the capital of Kamfiruz District, in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,530, in 545 families.

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Kazerun
Kazerun (Persian: كازرون‎, also Romanized as Kāzerūn, Kāzarūn, Kasrun, and Kazeroun) is a city in and the capital of Kazerun County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 84,594, in 20,810 families.
Kazerun is situated between Shiraz and Bushehr. Its agricultural products include date palms, citrus orchards, wheat, tobacco, rice, cotton, and vines.
The nearby ruins of the ancient city of Bishapur 12 mi. (19 km) N., include bas-relief depictions from the Sasanid era (ca. 224–651). A statue of Shapur I (AD 241–272) can be found in a large cave at the site. The ruins of the Qal'eh-ye Gabri (Castle of the Gabrs, or Zoroastrians) are located on a mound S.E. of Kazerun.
Nasrollah Mardani, a famous Persian poet, comes from Kazerun. It is also believed that Salman the Persian, one of the followers of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, comes from this city.^{[citation needed]} "Welcome to Salman the Persian" can be seen at the entrance of the city. The town is also the scene of a famous battle in the novel My Uncle Napoleon.

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Kerman Province
Kerman Province (Persian: استان کرمان‎, Ostān-e Kermān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Kerman is located in the south-east of Iran with its administrative center in the city of Kerman. Mentioned in ancient times as the Achamenid satrapy of Carmania, it is the second largest province of Iran with an area of 180,726 km². [2]. The population of the province is about 3 million (9th in the country). The main townships of Kerman province are: Baft, Bardsir, Bam, Jiroft, joupar, Rafsanjan, Zarand, Sirjan, Shahr-e-Babak, Kerman, Mahan, Rayen, Kahnuj, Ghale-Ganj, Manujan, Roodbar-e-Jonob, Anbar Abad,and Ravar.
In the year 1996, 52.9% of Kerman's population lived in urban areas, and 46% in the rural vicinities, the remaining 1.1% accounted as non residents. The city of Kerman (population: 750,000) embraces about 80% of the urban population, being the most developed and largest city of the province.
The altitudes and heights of the province are the continuation of the central mountain ranges of Iran. They extend from the volcanic folds beginning in Azarbaijan, and by branching out in the central plateau of Iran, terminate in Baluchestan. These mountain ranges have brought about vast plains in the province of Kerman. The Bashagard and Kuh-e Banan Mountains are the highest in this region, and include peaks such as Toghrol, Aljerd, Palvar, Sirach, Abareq and Tahrood. Other ranges that stretch out from Yazd to Kerman and Challeh-ye-Jazmoorian include peaks like Medvar, Shahr-e-Babak, Kuh-e Panj, Chehel Tan, Lalezar, Hezarbahr, Aseman and others.

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Kermanshah Province
Kermanshah Province (Persian: استان كرمانشاه‎, Ostān-e Kermānshāh ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. The province was known from 1969 to 1986 as Kermanshahan and from 1986 to 1995 as Bakhtaran.
Kemanshah consists of 14 shahrestans (counties): Dalaho County; Gilan-e-gharb County; Harsin County; Islamabad-e-gharb County; Javanrud County; Kangavar County; Kermanshah County; Paveh County; Qasr-e-Shirin County; Ravansar county; Sahneh County; Sarpol-e-Zahab County; Solas-e-Babajani County; Sonqor County.
Major cities and towns in Kermanshah Province: Kermanshah; Eslamabad-e Gharb; Paveh; Harsin; Kangavar; Sonqor; Javanrood; Salas-e-babajani; Ravansar; Dalahoo; Gilan-Gharb; Sahneh; Qasr-e Shirin; Sarpol-e-Zahab.
The province's capital is Kermanshah (34°18′N 47°4′E / 34.3°N 47.067°E / 34.3; 47.067), located in the middle of the western part of Iran. The population of the city is 822,921.
The city is built on the slopes of Mt.Sefid Kooh and extended toward south during last two decades. The builtup areas run alongside Sarab River and Valley. City's elevation average about 1350 meters above sea level.

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Khesht
Khesht (Persian: خشت‎, also Romanized as Khisht) is a city in and the capital of Khesht District, in Kazerun County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10,332, in 2,257 families.

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Khonj
Khonj (Persian: خنج‎, also Romanized as Khunj and Khunji) is a city in and the capital of Khonj County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 19,347, in 3,353 families. It is located at an altitude of 1,044 metres (3,425 ft).
Khonj is located 270 kilometres (170 mi) south of Shiraz. Its history goes back to 2000 years and were known to be the followers of Zoroastrianism. Khonjis refer to themselves as Khodmooni, a term literally meaning "part of ourselves" but figuratively used to refer to people from Gerash, Lar, Evaz, Khonj and other neighboring cities that share a common language known as "Achomi". The ancient names for Khonj has always been Hong and konj (corner in Persian) and over time it was changed to Khonj. Its residents are Sunni unlike most of the rest of the country, and are famous as traders. The city has historical significance as it was the home for many Muslim scholars and great architectures before and after Islam. Ibn Battuta the great Moroccan explorer wrote about his travels to Khonj in great detail.

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Khuzestan Province
Khuzestan Province (Persian: استان خوزستان‎, Ostān-e Khūzestān is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the southwest of the country, bordering Iraq's Basra Province and the Persian Gulf. Its capital is Ahwaz and covers an area of 63,238 km². Other major cities include Behbahan, Abadan, Andimeshk, Khorramshahr, Bandar Imam, Dezful, Shushtar, Omidiyeh, Izeh, Baq-e-Malek, Mah Shahr, Dasht-i Mishan/Dasht-e-Azadegan, Ramhormoz, Shadegan, Susa, Masjed Soleiman, Minoo Island and Hoveizeh.
Historically, Khuzestan is what historians refer to as ancient Elam, whose capital was in Susa. The Achaemenid Old Persian term for Elam was Hujiyā, which is present in the modern name. Khuzestan, meaning "the Land of the Khuz" refers to the original inhabitants of this province, the "Susian" people (Old Persian "Huza" or Huja (as in the inscription at the tomb of King Darius I at Naqsh-e Rostam, (the Shushan of the Hebrew sources) where it is recorded as inscription as "Hauja" or "Huja"). This is in conformity with the same evolutionary process where the Old Persian changed the name Sindh into Hind/Hindustan. In Middle Persian the term evolves into "Khuz" and "Kuzi" The pre-Islamic Partho-Sassanid Inscriptions gives the name of the province as Khwuzestan. As the most ancient Iranian province, it is often referred to as the "birthplace of the nation," as this is where the history of the Persian Empire begins.

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Konartakhteh
Konartakhteh (Persian: كنارتخته‎, also Romanized as Konārtakhteh, Konār Takhteh, and Kunār Takhteh) is a city in and the capital of Kamaraj and Konartakhteh District, in Kazerun County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 6,690, in 1,477 families.

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Kurdistan Province
Kurdistan Province or Kordestan Province or Kurdestan Province (Persian: استان کردستان‎, Ostān-e Kordestān, Kurdish: پارێزگای کوردستان, Parêzgeha Kurdistanê^{[citation needed]}) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, not to be confused with the greater geographical area of Iranian Kurdistan. The province of Kurdistan is 28,817 km² in area which encompasses just one-fourth of the Kurdish inhabited areas of Iran or Iranian Kurdistan [2]. It is located in the west of Iran and bound by Iraq on the west, the province of west Azerbaijan to its north, Zanjan to the northeast, Hamedan to the east and Kermanshah to the south. The capital of Kurdistan Province is the city of Sanandaj (Kurdish: Sinne). Other counties with their major cities are Marivan, Baneh, Saqqez, Qorveh, Bijar, Kamyaran, Dehgolan, Diwandarreh and Sarvabad.
The mountainous lands of this area first encouraged Aryan tribes to settle in this region after their immigration to Iran. It was from here where the first plan to overthrow the Assyrian Empire began, leading to their defeat in 612 BCE, and setting the stage for the commence of the Median empire.

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Lamerd
Lamerd (Persian: لامرد‎, Romanized as Lāmerd and Lāmard) is a city in and the capital of Lamerd County, Fars Province, Iran. The population was 21,365 with 4,021 families as of the 2006 census. Its main industries are based on its rich natural gas sources. Tabnak, Homa, Shanol, Varavi are important Gas Zones in this area. It has a dry hot climate. Lamerd Airport serves the city.
As of 2011 aluminum and steel factories were under construction in the region.^{[citation needed]} Lamerd International Airport opened in 1964, with flights to Tehran, Shiraz, Lar, Lavan and international flights to Kuwait, Qatar and United Arab Emirates. Mohamad Ali Hayati led the industrial development program.
Historically business in Lamerd required travel to other Persian Gulf states. Hazrdhshykh in the city center includes shopping centers. Workers in the oil and gas field stay here en route to reach Assaluyeh and Parsian.
Earlier, Lamerd produced mainly tobacco. However palm and wheat were added thereafter.

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Latifi
Latifi (Persian: لطيفي‎, also Romanized as Laţīfī) is a city in the Central District of Larestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,731, in 1,184 families.

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Lorestan Province
Lorestan Province (Persian: استان لرستان‎, Ostān-e Lorestān ) is a historic territory and province of western Iran, amidst the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006.
Lorestan covers an area of 28,392 km². The major cities in this province are: Khorramabad, Borujerd, Aligoodarz, Dorood, Koohdasht, Azna, Alashtar, Noor Abad, and Pol-e-Dokhtar.
The name Lorestan means "land of the Lurs", and in the wider sense consists of that part of western Iran coinciding with the province of Ilam and extending for about 650 km on a northwest to southeast axis from Kermanshah to Fars, with a breadth of 150–180 km. The terrain consists chiefly of mountains, with numerous ranges, part of the Zagros chain, running northwest to southeast. The central range has many summits which almost reach the line of perpetual snow, rising to 4000 m and more, and it feeds the headwaters of Iran's most important rivers, such as the Zayandeh rud, Jarahi, Karun, Dix, Abi, Karkheh. Between the higher ranges lie many fertile plains and low hilly, well-watered districts.

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Makran
Makran (Persian: مکران‎) (pronounced [mæk'rɑːn]) is a semi-desert coastal strip in the south of Sindh and Balochistan, in Pakistan and Iran, along the coast of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman. The name Makran derives from Maka, borne by an overlapping satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire.
Maka was an important early eastern satrapy of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Makra corresponds to modern day Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates, plus the northern half of Oman as well as Balochistan and the Sindh province of Pakistan.Cyrus the Great united several ancient Iranian tribes to create an empire.

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Mamasani County
Mamasani County (Persian: شهرستان ممسنی‎) is a county in Fars Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Nurabad, which is located 180 kilometres from Shiraz. The people of Mamasani speak in Lurish (Luri) language in southern Lurish dialect. At the 2006 census, the county's population (including those portions later split off to form Rostam County) was 162,694, in 35,145 families; excluding such portions, the population was 117,317, in 26,011 families. The county is subdivided into three districts: the Central District, Mahvarmilani District, and Doshman Ziari District. The county has two cities: Nurabad and Khumeh Zar.
Mamasani (also Muhammad Hasni) an ancient tribe with numerous sub-tribes live in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and other countries. The main tribe resides in Mamasani county in Fars province in Iran and speak Luri anguage. The Sistani Mamasanis live in Sistan and Baluchistan. The Brahui and Baluchi Mamasanis are called Muhammad Hassani live in Baluchistan provinces of Iran and Pakistan and Nimrus and Helmand of Afghanistan.

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Margu
Margu (Latin: Margiana from Greek: Μαργιανή) was a satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. The ruler who lost a Bactrian revolt is mentioned as a Margian in the Behistun inscriptions of ca. 515 BCE by Darius Hystaspis. It is not mentioned as a satrapy in the inscription, because it was included in a larger satrapy of the empire. It was located in the valley of the river Murghab which has its sources in the mountains of Afghanistan, and passes through Murghab District in modern Afghanistan, and then reaches the oasis of Merv in modern Turkmenistan. Merv was the centere of Margiana.
Coordinates: 37°36′N 61°50′E / 37.6°N 61.833°E / 37.6; 61.833

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Markazi Province

Markazi Province (Persian: استان مرکزی‎, Ostān-e Markazi ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. The word markazi means central in Persian.^{[citation needed]}
Markazi lies in western Iran. Its capital is Arak. Its population is estimated at 1.35 million. The present borders of the province date to the 1980s, when the province was split into the current Markazi and the Tehran Province, with portions being annexed by Esfahan, Semnan Province, and Zanjan.
The major cities of the province are: Saveh, Arak, Mahallat, Zarandiyeh, Khomein, Delijan, Tafresh, Ashtian, and Shazand (previously known as Sarband)
Markazi province was part of the Median Empire in the first millennium BC, which included all of the central and western parts of modern day Iran. The region is considered to be one of the ancient settlements on the Iranian plateau. Numerous remaining ruins testify to the antiquity of this area.
In the early centuries Islam, the name of the area was changed to Jabal or Qahestan. By the early 10th century, Khorheh had become a famous city of Jabal province, followed by Tafresh and Khomein.

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Medes
The Medes (/midz/) (from Old Persian Māda-) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in Iran in an area known as Media and spoke a northwestern Iranian language referred to as the Median language. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of Iranian tribes in the late second millennium BCE (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
In the 7th century BCE a unified Median state was formed which together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. An alliance with the Babylonians helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE which resulted in the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland (central-western Iran) and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great who established the next Iranian dynasty—the Achaemenid Empire.

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Meymand
Meymand (Persian: ميمند‎, also Romanized as Maimand; also known as Meymand-e Olya) is a city in and the capital of Meymand District, in Firuzabad County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 8,615, in 2,138 families.
Meymand is located a few miles east of Firuzabad and about 70 miles (110 km) from Shiraz. Its population is almost wholly occupied with the manufacture and sale of rose water, which is largely exported to many parts of Iran as well as to Arabia, India and Java. The district also produces great quantities of almonds.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

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Naqsh-e Rustam
Coordinates: 29°59′20″N 52°52′29″E / 29.98889°N 52.87472°E / 29.98889; 52.87472
Naqsh-e Rustam (Persian: نقش رستم‎ Naqš-e Rostam) also referred to as Necropolis is an archaeological site located about 12 km northwest of Persepolis, in Fars province, Iran. Naqsh-e Rustam lies a few hundred meters from Naqsh-e Rajab.
The oldest relief at Naqsh-i Rustam is severely damaged and dates to c. 1000 BC. It depicts a faint image of a man with unusual head-gear and is thought to be Elamite in origin. The depiction is part of a larger mural, most of which was removed at the command of Bahram II. The man with the unusual cap gives the site its name, Naqsh-e Rostam, "Picture of Rostam", because the relief was locally believed to be a depiction of the mythical hero Rostam.
Four tombs belonging to Achaemenid kings are carved out of the rock face. They are all at a considerable height above the ground.
The tombs are known locally as the 'Persian crosses', after the shape of the facades of the tombs. The entrance to each tomb is at the center of each cross, which opens onto to a small chamber, where the king lay in a sarcophagus. The horizontal beam of each of the tomb's facades is believed to be a replica of the entrance of the palace at Persepolis.

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NASA
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's mission statement has been to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research." On September 14, 2011, NASA announced that it had selected the design of a new Space Launch System that it said would take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future human space exploration efforts by the U.S.
NASA was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. U.S. space exploration efforts have since been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.

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Neyriz
Neyriz (Persian: نی‌ریز‎, also Romanized as Neyrīz and Nīrīz) is the capital city of Neyriz County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 45,180, in 11,970 families.
The name is also used for the district in which it is situated and for the Bakhtegan Lake. The town was located on its shores, but because of the shrinkage of the salt lake it is now to its southeast. In the nineteenth century the people of Neyriz were Bábís, and were persecuted by the government.
The first name of this city was "Naizi"
Friday mosque
The Friday mosque of Neyriz was built at least in three phases, spanning Buyid, Seljuk and Il-Khanid rule in the Fars province. An inscription on the great qibla iwan indicates that the mihrab was built in 973, which is probably the date when the qibla iwan and the minaret were also constructed and enclosed within precinct walls. Identified as "iwan-mosque," the pre-Islamic typology of the Masjid-i Jami' in Neyriz, Bamiyan and Nishapur has led some scholars to believe that their mihrabs and minarets may have been appended to Zoroastrian fire temples. At Neyriz, the northwest iwan facing the original sanctuary was erected at a later date, followed by the addition of two rows of lateral arcades along the courtyard and iwan walls. The portal, which bears the date 1472, commemorates the last known period of construction.

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Nurabad, Fars
Nurabad (Persian: نورآباد‎, also Romanized as Nūrābād) is a city in and the capital of Mamasani County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 51,668, in 11,006 families.
Nurabad is located 58.7 kilometres (36.5 mi) from Kazerun. Nurabad is located 80.5 kilometres (50.0 mi) from Yasuj (Kohgiluyeh-e Boyerahmad Province). Nurabad is located 87.8 kilometres (54.6 mi) from Do Gonbadan (Kohgiluyeh-e Boyerahmad). Nurabad is located 100.2 kilometres (62.3 mi) from Borazjan (Bushehr Province).

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Pasargadae
Pasargadae (Persian: پاسارگاد‎ Pāsārgād), the capital of Cyrus the Great (559–530 BC) and also his last resting place, was a city in ancient Persia, and is today an archaeological site and one of Iran's UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Cyrus the Great began building his capital in 546 BCE or later; it was unfinished when he died in battle, in 530 or 529 BCE. The remains of the tomb of Cyrus' son and successor, Cambyses II, has been found in Pasargadae, near the fortress of Toll-e Takht, and identified in 2006.
Pasargadae remained the Persian capital until Cambyses II moved it to Susa; later, Darius founded another in Persepolis. The archaeological site covers 1.6 square kilometres and includes a structure commonly believed to be the mausoleum of Cyrus, the fortress of Toll-e Takht sitting on top of a nearby hill, and the remains of two royal palaces and gardens. Pasargad Persian Garden provide the earliest known example of the Persian chahar bagh, or fourfold garden design (see Persian Gardens).

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Persepolis
Persepolis (Old Persian تخت جمشید Pārsa, Takht-e Jamshid or Chehel Minar) was the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire (ca. 550-330 BCE). Persepolis is situated 70 km northeast of the modern city of Shiraz in the Fars Province of modern Iran. In contemporary Persian, the site is known as Takht-e Jamshid (Throne of Jamshid). The earliest remains of Persepolis date from around 515 BCE. To the ancient Persians, the city was known as Pārsa, which means "The City of Persians". Persepolis is a transliteration of the Greek Πέρσης πόλις (Persēs polis: "Persian city").
UNESCO declared the citadel of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979.
Archaeological evidence shows that the earliest remains of Persepolis date from around 515 BC. André Godard, the French archaeologist who excavated Persepolis in the early 1930s, believed that it was Cyrus the Great (Kūrosh) who chose the site of Persepolis, but that it was Darius the Great (Daryush) who built the terrace and the great palaces.
Darius ordered the construction of the Apadana Palace and the Council Hall (the Tripylon or three-gated hall), the main imperial Treasury and its surroundings. These were completed during the reign of his son, King Xerxes the Great (Khashayar). Further construction of the buildings on the terrace continued until the downfall of the Achaemenid dynasty.

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Persia
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (ⁱ/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران‎ [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران‎ Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km² (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.

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Persian Armenia
Persian Armenia or Persarmenia (Armenian: Պարսկահայաստան Parskahayastan) corresponds to the Persian territory in which Armenians have lived until the Arab conquest of Persia. The size of Persian Armenia varied over time. It sometimes simply referred to as Eastern Armenia. According to George A. Bournoutian, professor of Armenian history, "prior to the third century A.D., Iran had more influence on Armenia's culture than any of its other neighbours. Intermarriage among the Iranian and Armenian nobility was common."
After the fall of the Median empire In 550 B.C. Cyrus the Great, King of the Persians, took control of the Median empire and conquered Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. Cyrus' son continued his father's campaign in Egypt. Eventually, Armenia became a dependency of Persia.
The Armenian contingents, cavalry and infantry, had taken part in Cyrus the Great's conquest of Lydia in 546 and of Babylonia in 539. A rebellion of ten subject nations — one of them Armenia — broke out against Persia during the reign of Darius the Great (522–486).

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Persian Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.

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Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran (Persia) and the Arabian Peninsula. It is an extension of the Indian Ocean.
The Persian Gulf was the focus of the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, in which each side attacked the other's oil tankers. In 1991, the Persian Gulf again was the background for what was called the "Persian Gulf War" or the "Gulf War" when Iraq invaded Kuwait and was subsequently pushed back, despite the fact that this conflict was primarily a land conflict.
The Persian Gulf has many good fishing grounds, extensive coral reefs, and abundant pearl oysters, but its ecology has come under pressure from industrialization, and in particular, oil and petroleum spillages during wars in the region.
Historically and internationally known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is sometimes controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, although neither of the latter two terms are recognized internationally. The name Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf) is used by the International Hydrographic Organization.

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Qavam House
Coordinates: 29°36′28.24″N 52°33′9.25″E / 29.6078444°N 52.5525694°E / 29.6078444; 52.5525694
Qavam House (also widely called "Narenjestan e Ghavam") is a traditional and historical house in Shiraz, Iran. It is set within the Persian gardens of Eram Garden.
It was built between 1879 and 1886 by Mirza Ibrahim Khan. The Qavam family were merchants originally from Qazvin. But they soon became active in the government during the Zand dynasty, followed by the Qajar, and Pahlavi dynasty as well.
The Qavam "Naranjestan" preserves the elegance and refinement enjoyed by the upper class families during the 19th century. The paintings on the low ceilings of the house are inspired by Victorian era Europe.
The mirrored porch was a focal point of the house, overlooking onto the Eram Garden that was designed with fountains, date palms, and flowering plants.
During the second Pahlavi era, the House became the headquarters of Pahlavi University's "Asia Institute", directed by Arthur Pope and Richard Nelson Frye. Frye and his family also lived in the house for a while as well.

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Qazvin Province
The Qazvin Province (Persian: استان قزوین‎, Ostān-e Qazvīn ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north-west of the country, and its center is the city of Qazvin. The province was created in 1993 out of part of Tehran Province and includes 20 cities: Qazvin, Takestan, Abyek, Buin-Zahra, Eqhbalieh, Mohammadieh, Alvand, Esfarvarin, Mahmood Abad Nemooneh, Khoram Dasht, Ziä Abad, Avaj, Shäl, Danesfahan, Abgarm, Ardägh, Moallem Keläyeh, Razmian Kouhin and Bidestan in the form of four townships (chief cities) contains 18 sections, 44 rural districts, and 1543 villages.
The province had a population of 1.14 million people by the 2006 census, of which 68.05% lived in cities and 31.95% in villages. The ratio of men to women is 50.7 to 49.3%. 99.61% of the province population were Muslims and 0.39% of the rest came from other religions. The literacy rate is over 82%, ranking 7th in Iran.
The province covers 15821 km² between 48-45 to 50-50 east of Greenwich Meridian of longitude and 35-37 to 36-45 north latitude of the equator. The province is bounded on the north by Mazandaran and Gilan, on the west by Hamedan and Zanjan, on the south by Markazi and on the east by Tehran Provinces. The famous mountains of the province are those of Siälän, Shäh Alborz, Khashchäl, Sephidkouh, Shojä e din, Alehtareh, Rämand, Ägh dägh, Kharaghän, Saridagh, Soltan pïr, and Siähkouh, in which Siälän with a height of 4175m and Shäh Alborz which is 4056m are the highest. All are part of the central chain of Alborz. The lowest point of the province is in Tärom e Soflä.

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Qir
Qir (Persian: قير‎, also Romanized as Qīr) is a city in and the capital of Qir and Karzin County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16,839, in 3,722 families. It has an altitude of 771 metres (2,530 ft).

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Qom Province
Qom Province (Persian: استان قم‎, Ostān-e Qom ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0.89% of the total area in Iran. It is in the north of the country, and its provincial capital is the city of Qom. It was formed from part of Tehran Province in 1995. In 2005, this province had a population of approximately 2,000,000 out of which 91.2% resided in urban areas and 8.8% in rural vicinities. The province contains one city, four counties, nine rural districts, and 256 villages.
The climate of Qom province varies between a desert and semi-desert climate, and comprises mountainous areas, foothills and plains. Due to being located near an arid region and far inland, it experiences a dry climate, with low humidity and scanty rainfall. Thus, agriculture is not possible in most of its areas, especially near the salt lake regions. Qom province has two large salt lakes, namely: Howz e Soltan Lake, which lies 36 km due north of Qom, and Namak Lake, which lies 80 km due east of Qom. Nearly a fifth of Namak Lake lies within Qom province.

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Qur'an Gate
Coordinates: 29°38′8.23″N 52°33′42.66″E / 29.6356194°N 52.56185°E / 29.6356194; 52.56185
Qur’ān Gate (Persian: دروازه قرآن‎ Darvāzeh Qor'ān) is a historic gate in the southern-central Persian city of Shiraz, Iran.
It is located at the northeastern entrance of the city, on the way to Marvdasht and Isfahan, between Baba Kouhi and Chehel Maqam Mountains near Allah-O-Akbar Gorge.
The Gate was first built during the reign of 'Adud ad-Dawla. By the time of the Zand dynasty, it had sustained a lot of damage, so it was restored and a small room on top was added, in which were kept hand-written Qur’āns by Sultan Ibrahim Bin Shahrukh Gurekani. The two Qur’āns are known as Hifdah-Man. Travelers passing underneath the gates were believed to receive the blessing of the Holy Book as they began their trip or journey from Shiraz.
During the Qajar dynasty, the gate was damaged by multiple earthquakes; it was later restored by Mohammad Zaki Khan Nouri. In 1937 the two Qur’āns were taken from the gate and were taken to the Pars Museum in Shiraz, where they remain today. In 1949 the arch of the gate was restored by Hosein Igar, a merchant also known as E'temad Al-Tejar.

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Ramjerd
Ramjerd (Persian: رامجرد‎, formerly, Kushkak (Persian: كوشكك), also Romanized as Kūshkak) is a city in and the capital of Dorudzan District, in Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,033, in 446 families. The name of Kushkak village was changed to Ramjerd upon obtaining city status.

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Roniz
Roniz (Persian: رونيز‎, also Romanized as Rūnīz; also known as Rownīz-e ‘Olyā, Rownīz-e Bālā, Rūnīz Bala, and Rūnīz-e Bālā, all meaning "Upper Roniz") is a city in and the capital of Roniz District, in Estahban County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,991, in 1,466 families.

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Safashahr
Safashahr (Persian: صفاشهر‎, also Romanized as Şafāshahr; formerly, Deh Bid (Persian: ده بید), also Romanized as Deh Bīd) is a city in and the capital of Khorrambid County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 22,254, in 5,556 families.

khorrami and dehbid is center khorrambid

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Sarvestan
Sarvestan (Persian: سروستان‎ Sarvestân, "land of cedars"; sarv "cedar" (cypress) + estan; also Romanized as Sarvestān and Sarvistān) is a city in and the capital of Sarvestan County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 16,846, in 4,094 families.
It is located 80 kilometres (50 mi) southeast of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province.
Majority of people in Sarvestan are Persians. Many tropical and sub-tropical plants are grown in Sarvestan (i.e. Wheat, Pistachios, Olive). Also the yoghurt of Sarvestan is very famous.
Sarvestan's history goes back some 2600 years when the Achaemenids established the Persian Empire. The Sassanid monument of Sasanids' Palace (Kakhe Sasan) is located in south east of the city 90Km from Shiraz, experts believe the monument was constructed during the Sasanid dynastic era (224-651 A.D), and it was a either governing palace or Zoroastrian temple, probably a fire temple. The monument was registered in Iran’s National Heritage list in 1956 but sadly the site in danger as the result of unprofessional restorations. Sarvestan is the birth place of Sheikh Yusef Sarvestani, who was a moralist.

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Sarvestan Palace
The Sassanid Palace at Sarvestan (Persian: کاخ ساسانی سروستان‎ kakh-eh Sassani-ye Sarvestan) is a Sassanid-era building in the Iranian province of Sarvestan, some 90 km southeast from the city of Shiraz. The palace was built in the 5th century AD, and was either a gubernatorial residence or a Zoroastrian fire temple.
The Sarvestan Palace was built by the Sasanian king Bahramgur (r. 420-438), and dominates an immense, empty plain. The name "palace" is a bit misleading, because the monument's function is not really understood. It may in fact have been a hunting lodge or even a sanctuary. The problem is complicated by the fact that there appears to have been a small building, just north of the palace; its function is unknown.
A visitor who would have arrived from the south, would have seen three iwans. After entering the central one, he would have reached a large square hall under a large dome, made of baked brick. After this, a visitor would have found himself on a rectangular courtyard, surrounded by the residential quarters. The building reminds one of the Ghal'eh Dokhtar and the palace of Ardashir, both near Firuzabad; the difference is that the Sarvestan palace is open to all sides. The building, made of stone and mortar, must have had fine decorations, which partly survive.

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Sedeh
Sedeh (Persian: سده‎, also Romanized as Sehdeh) is a city in and the capital of Sedeh District, in Eqlid County, Fars Province, Iran. Sedeh is located some 125 kilometres (78 mi) north-to-northwest of Shiraz. At the 2006 census, its population was 5,572, in 1,497 families.
It is on the historical route taken by Alexander the Great in 331 BC between the Persian Gates and Persepolis.

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Semnan Province
Semnan Province (Persian: استان سمنان‎, Ostān-e Semnān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the north of the country, and its center is Semnan. The province of Semnan covers an area of 96,816 square kilometers and stretches along the Alborz mountain range and borders to Dasht-e Kavir desert in its southern parts.
Counties of the province include Semnan, Damghan, Shahrood, Mehdishahr (Sangsar) and Garmsar. In 1996, the province had a population of about 501,000, and in 2005 Semnan city (the capital of the province) had a population of 119,778, and the city of Shahroud, which accounts for being the largest city of this province, had a population of 231,831. [1]
The province is divided into two parts: a mountainous region, and the plains at the foot of the mountains. The former offers a scope for recreational activities as well as being a source for minerals, whereas the latter encompasses some ancient cities of Iran as one of the capitals of the Parthian empire was located here. In Semnan people have local language with special words and slang.the base of this language which it drived from is Pahlavi language the ancient language form Parthian.

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Shiraz
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Shiraz ( listen (help·info) Persian: شیراز‎ Shīrāz Persian pronunciation: [ʃiːˈrɒːz]) is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk (Dry river) seasonal river. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than one thousand years.
The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Shiraz was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781, as well as briefly during the Saffarid period.
Shiraz is known as the city of poets, literature, wine and flowers. The word "shir" in Persian means "lion", but it could also mean "milk". It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. In Shiraz industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries: 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz. Shiraz is home to Iran's first solar power plant. Recently the city's first wind turbine has been installed above Babakoohi mountain near the city.

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Shiraz University
Coordinates: 29°38′23.07″N 52°31′36.3″E / 29.6397417°N 52.52675°E / 29.6397417; 52.52675
Shiraz University (Persian: دانشگاه شیراز‎ Dāneshgāh-e-Shirāz), formerly known as Pahlavi University, is a public university located in Shiraz, Iran. It is one of the major universities of Iran.
Presently the University has over 13,000 students, with 53 Bachelor's degree programs (B.A., B.S.), 61 Master's degrees programs (M.A., M.S.), one professional degree program (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine), and 25 Ph.D. programs.
Shiraz University traces its roots to 1946, with the establishment of a technical college aimed at training specialists in the medical sciences with a four year program.
Initially called the High Institute of Health, it developed into a medical school in 1950. In 1953, the Namazi School of Nursing and the Colleges of Agriculture and Arts and Sciences were established.
With the addition of the College of Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine in 1954, the school was elevated to university-status and named after the reigning Pahlavi dynasty. Other units that were subsequently added were the Dental School in 1969, the Graduate School and College of Electronics in 1969, Dentistry in 1970 and the Colleges of Law and Education in 1977.

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Shiraz, Iran
Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533
Shiraz ( listen (help·info) Persian: شیراز‎ Shīrāz Persian pronunciation: [ʃiːˈrɒːz]) is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk (Dry river) seasonal river. Shiraz has a moderate climate and has been a regional trade center for more than one thousand years.
The earliest reference to the city, as Tiraziš, is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BC. In the 13th century, Shiraz became a leading center of the arts and letters, thanks to the encouragement of its ruler and the presence of many Persian scholars and artists. Shiraz was the capital of Persia during the Zand dynasty from 1750 until 1781, as well as briefly during the Saffarid period.
Shiraz is known as the city of poets, literature, wine and flowers. The word "shir" in Persian means "lion", but it could also mean "milk". It is also considered by many Iranians to be the city of gardens, due to the many gardens and fruit trees that can be seen in the city. Shiraz has had major Jewish and Christian communities. The crafts of Shiraz consist of inlaid mosaic work of triangular design; silver-ware; pile carpet-weaving and weaving of kilim, called gilim and jajim in the villages and among the tribes. In Shiraz industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries: 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz. Shiraz is home to Iran's first solar power plant. Recently the city's first wind turbine has been installed above Babakoohi mountain near the city.

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Susa
Coordinates: 32°11′21″N 48°15′28″E / 32.18922°N 48.257785°E / 32.18922; 48.257785
Susa (Persian: شوش‎ Shush [ʃuʃ]; Greek: Σοῦσα [ˈsuːsa]; Syriac: ܫܘܫ Shush; Old Persian Çūšā-; Biblical Hebrew שׁוּשָׁן Shushān) was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about 250 km (160 mi) east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers.
The modern Iranian town of Shush is located at the site of ancient Susa. Shush is the administrative capital of the Shush County of Iran's Khuzestan province. It had a population 64,960 in 2005.
In historic literature, Susa appears in the very earliest Sumerian records, e.g. in Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta it is described as one of the places obedient to Inanna, patron deity of Uruk.
Susa is also mentioned in the Ketuvim of the Hebrew Bible by the name Shushan, mainly in Esther, but also once each in Nehemiah and Daniel. Both Daniel and Nehemiah lived in Susa during the Babylonian captivity of the 6th century BCE. Esther became queen there, and saved the Jews from genocide. A tomb presumed to be that of Daniel is located in the area, known as Shush-Daniel. The tomb is marked by an unusual white stone cone, which is neither regular nor symmetric. Many scholars believe it was at one point a Star of David. Susa is further mentioned in the Book of Jubilees (8:21 & 9:2) as one of the places within the inheritance of Shem and his eldest son Elam; and in 8:1, "Susan" is also named as the son (or daughter, in some translations) of Elam.

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Susiana
Elam was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province, as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam is a transcription from Biblical Hebrew, corresponding to the Sumerian elam(a), the Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the ancient near east. In classical literature, Elam was more often referred to as Susiana, a name derived from its capital, Susa.
Situated just to the east of Mesopotamia, Elam was part of the early urbanization during the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Mesopotamian history where writing was used slightly earlier. In the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered in Anshan, and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands. Its culture played a crucial role in the Gutian Empire, especially during the Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded it, when the Elamite language remained among those in official use. Elamite is generally treated as an isolate language.

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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران‎ Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)^{[citation needed]}.

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Tehran Province
Tehran Province (Persian: استان تهران Ostān-e Tehrān‎) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It covers on area of 18,909 square kilometers and is located to the north of the central plateau of Iran.
Tehran Province borders Māzandarān Province in the north, Qom Province in the south, Semnān Province in the east, and Qazvīn Province in the west. The metropolis of Tehran is the capital city of the province and of Iran. As of June 2005^[update], this province includes 13 townships, 43 municipalities, and 1358 villages.
Tehran province is the richest province of Iran as it contributes approximately 29% of the country's GDP. Furthermore, it houses approximately 18% of the country's population. Tehran Province is the most industrialized province in Iran; 86.5% of its population resides in urban areas and 13.5% of its population resides in rural areas.
The province gained importance when Tehran was claimed the capital by the Qajar dynasty in 1778. Today, Tehran, with a population of more than 7 million, is ranked amongst the 20 most populous metropolitan cities of the world.

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UAE
The United Arab Emirates ⁱ/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة‎, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.

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Vakil Bath
Coordinates: 29°36′52.94″N 52°32′41.9″E / 29.6147056°N 52.544972°E / 29.6147056; 52.544972 Vakil Bath is an old public bath in Shiraz, Iran. It was a part of the royal district constructed during Karim Khan Zand's reign, which includes Arg of Karim Khan, Vakil Bazaar, Vakil Mosque and many administrative buildings.

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Vakil Bazaar
Coordinates: 29°36′53.93″N 52°32′48.47″E / 29.6149806°N 52.5467972°E / 29.6149806; 52.5467972
Vakil Bazaar (Persian: بازار وکیل‎) is the main bazaar of Shiraz, Iran, located in the historical center of the city.
It is thought that the market originally was established by the Buwayhids in the 11th century AD, and was completed mainly by the Atabaks of Fars, and only was renamed after Karim Khan Zand in the 18th century.
The Bazaar has beautiful courtyards, caravansarais, bath houses, and old shops which are deemed among the best places in Shiraz to buy all kinds of Persian rugs, spices, copper handicrafts and antiques.
Like other middle eastern Bazaars there are a few numbers of mosques and Imamzadehs constructed adjacent or behind the Bazaar.

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Vakil Mosque
Coordinates: 29°36′51.01″N 52°32′42.6″E / 29.6141694°N 52.545167°E / 29.6141694; 52.545167
The Vakil Mosque (Persian: مسجد وکیل ‎ - Masjed-e Vakil) is a mosque in Shiraz, southern Iran, situated to the west of the Vakil Bazaar next to its entrance. This mosque was built between 1751 and 1773, during the Zand period; however, it was restored in the 19th century during the Qajar period. Vakil means regent, which was the title used by Karim Khan, the founder of Zand Dynasty. Shiraz was the seat of Karim Khan’s government and he endowed many buildings, including this mosque.
Vakil Mosque covers an area of 8,660 square meters. It has only two iwans instead of the usual four, on the northern and southern sides of a large open court. The iwans and court are decorated with typical Shirazi haft rangi tiles, a characteristic feature of the art and industry of Shiraz during the latter half of the 18th century. Its night prayer hall (Shabestan), with an area of approximately 2,700 square meters, contains 48 monolithic pillars carved in spirals, each with a capital of acanthus leaves. The minbar in this hall is cut from a solid piece of green marble with a flight of 14 steps and is considered to be one of the master pieces of the Zand period. The exuberant floral decorative tiles largely date from the Qajar period.

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Varavi
Varavi (Persian: وراوئ‎, also Romanized as Varāvī, Vorāvī, Waravi, and Warāwi) is a city in and the capital of Varavi District, in Mohr County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,056, in 847 families.

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Yazd province
Yazd Province (Persian: استان یزد‎, Ostān-e Yazd ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd.
The province has an area of 131,575 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into eleven counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh, Tabas and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750,769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1,033,291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd’s first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years B.C. when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2]

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Yazd Province
Yazd Province (Persian: استان یزد‎, Ostān-e Yazd ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. It is in the centre of the country, and its administrative center is the city of Yazd.
The province has an area of 131,575 km², and according to the most recent divisions of the country, is divided into eleven counties: Maybod, Mehreez, Taft, Ardakan, Behabad, Khatam, Sadogh, Bafq, Abar Kooh, Tabas and Yazd, the capital. According to the 1996 census, Yazd province had a population of about 750,769, of which 75.1% were urban residents while 24.9% resided in rural areas. In 2006, Yazd had an estimated population of 1,033,291.[1] The city of Yazd is the economic and administrative capital of the province and therefore the most heavily populated.
The population of Yazd is predominantly Persian, most of whom are Shi'a Muslims. There are also small Zoroastrian communities. The city of Yazd’s first mention in historic records predate it back to around 3000 years B.C. when it was related to by the name of Ysatis, and was then part of the domain of Medes, an ancient empire of Iran. Excavations of Gharbal Biz remaining from the Achaemenid period are another example of the antiquity of Yazd.[2]

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Yehud Medinata
Yehud Medinata (Aramaic for "the province of Judah") or simply Yehud, was an autonomous province of the Achaemenid (ancient Persia) empire, roughly equivalent to the older kingdom of Judah but covering a smaller area, within the satrapy of Eber-Nari. The region corresponded to the Babylonian province with the same name, formed after the fall of the kingdom of Judah to the Neo-Babylonian Empire (c.597 after its conquest of the Mediterranean east coast, and again in 585/6 BCE after suppressing an unsuccessful Judean revolt).
The name Yehud is known from coins unearthed in the region. Archaeological evidence is quite limited, and a history of the period is dependent almost entirely on biblical sources of often uncertain reliability.
There is not complete agreement on the chronology of the Babylonian and Persian periods: the following table is used in this article, but alternative dates for many events are plausible - this is especially true of the chronological sequence of Ezra and Nehemiah, with Ezra 7:6-8 stating that Ezra came to Jerusalem "in the seventh year of Artaxerxes the King," without specifying whether this was Artaxerxes I (465-424 BCE) or Artaxerxes II (404-359 BCE); the probable date for his mission is 458 BCE, but it is possible that it took place in 397 BCE.

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Zanjan Province
Zanjan Province (Persian: استان زنجان‎, Ostān-e Zanjān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Located in the North West of Iran, its capital is Zanjan city. Zanjan province with an area of 36,400 km² has a mostly rural, population of 964,601 (2006). The province lies 330 km northwest of Tehran, connected to it via a freeway.
Zanjan also has an incredible cave called katale khor. It is near the Sultaniyeh.
Agriculture is the principal occupation, and crops include rice, corn (maize), oilseeds, fruits, and potatoes. Poultry, cattle, and sheep are raised. In the region Zanjan is also famous for its seedless grapes. Manufactures include bricks, cement, milled rice, and carpets. Chromium, lead, and copper are mined. In the scientific world the Zanjan name is famous for IASBS, one of the most productive research centers of the country [1].
Zanjan is also known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives, traditional sandals called charoogh and malileh. Malileh is a handcraft made with silver wires. Zanjanian artists make many things like various decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry. In ancient times, Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives. But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by introduction of Chinese knives to the market which are cheaper and better made than these primitive industries. Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers. This is perhaps Zanjan's most popular handcraft.

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Afshin Ghotbi
Afshin Ghotbi (Persian: افشین قطبی‎, born February 8, 1964 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian-American football coach and current head coach of the Japanese side Shimizu S-Pulse in J-League.
Though his family were from Shiraz, Afshin Ghotbi was born in the country's capital Tehran. He is the son of a teacher in Iran (See below) with whom he left Iran at the age of 13 and moved to Los Angeles, United States of America where he has been a resident for more than two decades. He received his B.Sc. qualification in Electrical Engineering from UCLA where he was a member of the men's soccer team.
Prior to coaching in the professional ranks, for years he was one of the elite coaches in the talent-rich, highly competitive Southern California youth soccer scene, responsible for the discovery and development of players such as Peter Vagenas and John O'Brien.
He worked for Korea Republic national football team under Dutchman Guus Hiddink from December 2000 till July 2002 as a football analyst. He continued his journey in Korea by taking the role of an assistant coach of Samsung Bluewings from 2002–2004. He returned to Korean National Team, as an assistant coach under Dick Advocaat from October 2005 until July 2006. He continued as an assistant coach for Korea under Dutch head coach Pim Verbeek from July 2006 till July 2007.

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Antiochus III
Antiochus III the Great (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίoχoς Μέγας}}; c. 241 – 187 BC, ruled 222 – 187 BC) was a Seleucid Greek king and the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire. He ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BCE. Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 223 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories. His traditional designation, the Great, reflects an epithet he briefly assumed. He also assumed the title "Basileus Megas" (which is Greek for "Great King"), the traditional title of the Persian kings.
Declaring himself the "champion of Greek freedom against Roman domination", Antiochus III waged a war against the Roman Republic in mainland Greece in autumn of 192 BC only to be defeated.
Antiochus III was a member of the Greek-Macedonian Seleucid dynasty. He was the son of king Seleucus II and Laodice II and was born in 242 BC near Susa in Iran. Antiochus succeeded his brother Seleucus III as the king of the Seleucid Empire.

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Ardashir I
Ardashir I (died 242 AD) was the founder of the Sassanid Empire, was ruler of Istakhr (since 206?), subsequently Fars Province (since 208?), and finally "King of Kings of Sassanid Empire" (after 226) with the overthrow of the Parthian Empire. The dynasty founded by Ardashir would rule for four centuries, until it was overthrown by the Rashidun Caliphate in 651.
Ardashir (Arđaxšēr from Middle Persian and Parthian Artaxšaθra, Pahlavi ʼrthštr, "Who has the Divine Order as his Kingdom") is also known as Ardeshīr-i Pāpagān "Ardashir, son of Pāpağ", and other variants of his name include Latinized Artaxares and Artaxerxes.
Ardeshir was born in the late 2nd century in Istakhr, what is present-day Fars in Iran, He was the son of Babak (Papak or Pabag) and Princess Rodak, descendant of the Shabankara tribe. According to a letter from Ardavan V, Ardashir was of Kurdish descent. Ardashir is said to have ruled the town of Darabgerd and received the title of "argbadh". Upon Pāpağ's death, Ardashir's elder brother Šāpūr ascended to the throne. However, Ardashir rebelled against his brother and took the kingship for himself in 208.

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Ata'ollah Mohajerani
Ata'ollah Mohajerani (Persian: عطاالله مهاجرانی‎), (born 1954 in Arak, Iran), is an Iranian historian, politician, journalist, and author. Ata`ollah Mohajerani served as Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance of Iran under reformist President Mohammad Khatami until 2000 when he was resigned from office for alleged permissiveness."
Dr. Mohajerani received his B.S in History from University of Isfahan, his M.S. in History and Iranian Culture from Shiraz University and his PhD in History from Tarbiat Modares University.
Mohajerani's political career began in 1980 after the Iranian Revolution, when he won the first round of the parliamentary elections to become a representative of Shiraz and the youngest member of the majlis. Later, he became the Parliamentary Deputy to the Prime Minister Mir-Hossein Mousavi, when he started to write the weekly column Naghd-e Haal in the Ettela'at newspaper, and then Vice President of Parliamentary Affairs under Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani.
As Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, he officially announced and pursued a policy of "leniency" (Persian: تساهل و تسامح‎) towards the field of culture and arts and removed many restrictions. He earned the wrath of conservatives by allowing hundreds of new publications to start up, the release of fifty-some Persian pop music albums, and the screening of the controversial movie Two Women.

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Caria
Caria (^{[pronunciation?]}; or Karia) (from Luwian Karuwa meaning "steep country", Ancient Greek, Καρία) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined the Carian population in forming Greek-dominated states there. The eponymous inhabitants of Caria were known as Carians, and they had arrived in Caria before the Greeks. They were described by Herodotos as being of Minoan descent, while the Carians themselves maintained that they were Anatolian mainlanders intensely engaged in seafaring and were akin to the Mysians and the Lydians. The Carians did speak an Anatolian language, which does not necessarily reflect their geographic origin, as Anatolian once may have been widespread. Also closely associated with the Carians were the Leleges, which could be an earlier name for Carians or for a people who had preceded them in the region and continued to exist as part of their society in a reputedly second-class status.

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Christiane Amanpour
Christiane Amanpour, CBE (ⁱ/krɪstʃiˈɑːn ɑːmənˈpʊər-/; Persian: کریستین امان‌پور‎; born January 12, 1958) is the Global Affairs Anchor of ABC News. She is the host of CNN International's nightly interview program Amanpour, the network's Chief International Correspondent and runs the website Amanpour.com for the network's digital platform. She is a board member of the International Women's Media Foundation .
Raised in Tehran, Amanpour was born in London, England to Iranian father Mohammad, a Persian airline executive, and British mother, Patricia.^{[dead link]}
After completing her primary education in Iran, she was sent by her parents to boarding school in England when she was 11. She attended New Hall School, an all-girls school located in Chelmsford, Essex, England. Christiane and her family returned to England not long after the Islamic Revolution began. She has stressed that they were not forced to leave the country, but were actually returning to England when Iraq invaded Iran. The family eventually remained in England, finding it difficult to return to Iran.

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Dahae
The Dahae (Persian: داها‎; Latin: Dahae; Greek: Δάοι (Daoi), Δάαι, Δᾶαι (Daai), Δάσαι (Dasai)), or Dahaeans were a confederacy of three Ancient Iranian tribes who lived in the region to the immediate east of the Caspian Sea. They spoke an Eastern Iranian language.
The first dateable mention of this nomad confederacy appears in the list of nations of Xerxes the great Daeva inscription. In this list of the peoples and provinces of the Achaemenid Empire, the Dahae are identified in Old Persian as Dāha and are immediately followed by a "Saka" group, who are listed as being neighbors of the Dāha. It is however unclear whether the Dahae are also the *Dāha people (or *Dåŋha, only attested in the feminine Dahi) of the Avestan Yasht 13.144. An etymological relationship "is not proof that the two names refer to the same ethnic group."
In the 1st century BCE Strabo (Geographika 11.8.1) refers to the Dahae explicitly as the "Scythian Dahae" ("Scythian" is in Strabo not necessarily an equation with the "Sacae"). The historiographer further places the Dahae in the approximate vicinity of present-day Turkmenistan.

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Drangiana
Drangiana or Zarangiana (Greek: Δραγγιανή, from Old Persian: Zranka "waterland" and Pashto: Dzaranda/Dzaranga "watermill/waterland") was a historical region of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around lake Hâmûn, wetlands in endorheic Sīstān basin on the Irano-Afghan-Pakistan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in nowadays southwestern Afghanistan and the "Nok Kondi" ("blunt point") of western Pakistan.
In ancient times it was inhabited by an Iranian tribe which ancient Greeks were referring to as Sarangians or Drangians. The Drangians were first subdued by another Iranian people, the Medes, and later, by Cyrus the Great. According to Herodotus, during the reign of Darius I, the Drangians were placed in the same district as the Utians, Thamanaeans, Mycians, Drangians, and those deported to the Persian Gulf. In 330 BC, the region was conquered by Alexander the Great.

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Ebrahim Golestan
Ebrahim Golestan (Taghavi Shirazi) (also spelt Ibrahim Golestan, Persian: ابراهیم گلستان ‎, born 1922 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian filmmaker and literary figure with a career spanning half a century. He has lived in Sussex, United Kingdom, since 1975.
He is the father of Iranian photojournalist Kaveh Golestan, and Lili Golestan, translator and owner and artistic director of the Golestan Gallery in Tehran, Iran. His grandson, Mani Haghighi, is also a film director.
He was closely associated with the controversial and eminent Iranian poet Forough Farrokhzad until her death, whom he met while she was in Europe in 1958. He is said to have inspired her to live more independently .

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Firouz Naderi
Firouz Naderi (Persian: فیروز نادری‎; born 25 March 1946, in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian-American scientist and currently the Director for Solar System Exploration at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). In this role Naderi oversees JPL's robotic solar system missions in planning or development and operating missions, including such currently operating projects as the Cassini orbiter at Saturn, the Dawn spacecraft at the giant asteroid Vesta, JUNO on its way to Jupiter, and GRAIL at Earth's moon. Prior to this new position, he was the Associate Director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), responsible for Project Formulation and Strategy, serving as the Laboratory's senior official providing oversight of JPL new business acquisition and was the key strategic planning officer of JPL.
He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from USC (writing his dissertation in the area of digital image processing) and his B.S. from Iowa State University. He joined JPL in September 1979.

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Gandhara
Gandhāra (Sanskrit: गन्धार Gandḥārā, Urdu: گندھارا Ghandhāra, Pashto: ګندارا, Punjabi: گندھارا, Persian: ویهیند) is the name of an ancient kingdom (Mahajanapada), located in modern day northern Pakistan and parts of eastern Afghanistan. Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar, the Potohar plateau (see Taxila) and on the Kabul River. Its main cities were Purushapura (modern Peshawar), literally meaning "City of Man", Varmayana (modern Bamyan) and Takshashila (modern Taxila).
The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from the early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century AD. It attained its height from the 1st century to the 5th century under the Buddhist Kushan Kings. The Hindu term Shahi is used by history writer Al-Biruni to refer to the ruling Hindu dynasty that took over from the Turki Shahi and ruled the region during the period prior to Muslim conquests of the 10th and 11th centuries. After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim period the area was administered from Lahore or from Kabul. During Mughal times the area was part of Kabul province.

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Habibollah Peyman
Dr. Habibollah Peyman (born 1935 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian politician. He is the founder and the leader of an Islamist Socialist political party, named Jonbesh Moslamanan Mobarez, which is banned by the religious government of Iran. He is also one of the leaders of the influential Iranian opposition political alliance, the Nationalist-Religious Forces. This is a group of politicians, academic thinkers (such as Ezzatollah Sahabi, Yousefi Eshkevari and Ebrahim Yazdi) and some parties, who are known to believe in Islamic studies and nationalist interests at the same time.
Although he fought against the pre-revolution government of the Shah, Peyman has spent some years in prison for spreading his political ideas, and especially because of his involvement in the nationalist-religious movement, in the Islamic Republic era too.
He has couple of published articles and books, on political issues, theoretical debates over human's freedom in Quran and Islam, Socialism and Islamic ideology. He and his party might be considered as the left-wing of the nationalist-religious movement in Iran.

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Hafiz Shirazi
Khwāja Shamsu d-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī (Persian: خواجه شمس‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی‎), known by his pen name Hāfez (1325/1326–1389/1390), was a Persian lyric poet. His collected works composed of series of Persian poetry (Divan) are to be found in the homes of most Persian speakers in Iran and Afghanistan, as well as elsewhere in the world, who learn his poems by heart and use them as proverbs and sayings to this day. His life and poems have been the subject of much analysis, commentary and interpretation, influencing post-fourteenth century Persian writing more than any other author.
Themes of his ghazals are the beloved, faith, and exposing hypocrisy. His influence in the lives of Iranians can be found in "Hafez readings" (fāl-e hāfez, Persian: فال حافظ‎), frequent use of his poems in Persian traditional music, visual art and Persian calligraphy. His tomb in Shiraz is visited often. Adaptations, imitations and translations of Hafez' poems exist in all major languages.
Hafez was born in Shiraz, modern Iran. Despite his profound effect on Persian life and culture and his enduring popularity and influence, few details of his life are known. Accounts of his early life rely upon traditional anecdotes. Early tazkiras (biographical sketches) mentioning Hafez are generally considered unreliable. The preface of his Divān, in which his early life is discussed, was written by an unknown contemporary of Hafez whose name may have been Moḥammad Golandām. Two of the most highly regarded modern editions of Hafez's Divān are compiled by Moḥammad Qazvini and Qāsem Ḡani (495 ghazals) and by Parviz Natil Khanlari (486 ghazals).

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Herodotus
Herodotus ( /hɨˈrɒdətəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Hēródotos) was an ancient Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (circa 484 – 425 BC). He has been called the "Father of History", and was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative.The Histories—his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced—is a record of his "inquiry" (or ἱστορία historía, a word that passed into Latin and acquired its modern meaning of "history"), being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were fanciful, he claimed he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history.
The Histories, otherwise known as The Researches or The Inquiries, were divided by later Alexandrian editors into nine books, named after the nine Muses: the "Muse of History", Clio, representing the first book, then Euterpe, Thaleia, Melpomene, Terpsichore, Erato, Polymnia, Ourania and Calliope for books 2 to 9, respectively. At its simplest and broadest level of meaning, The Histories is structured as a dynastic history of four Persian kings:

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Ibn Khafif
Mohammad Ibn Khafif known as Sheikh-i Kabir (882 – 982) was a mystic and sufi from Iran.
He is credited with bringing Sufism to Shiraz.
He is buried in Shiraz, Iran. His tomb is a public library today in Shiraz.
His full name is Muhammad ibn Khafif ibn Asfakshad, Abu 'Abd Allah al-Shirazi al-Dibbi al-Shafi`i al-Sufi. Al-Sulami said of him, "The Folk (I.e. the Sufis) do not have anyone older than he is nor more complete in his state and reality today." He took speculative theology (kalam) from al-Ash'ari, jurisprudence (fiqh) from Ibn Surayj, and Sufism (tasawwuf) from Ruwaym, al-Jariri, and Abu al-'Abbas ibn Ata. Al-Dhahabi said of him, "He is -- one of the most knowledgeable shaykhs in the external sciences ('ulum al-zahir)." Ibn Taymiyya names him among the great Sufi representatives of the Sunnah.
Ibn Khafif said, "In my beginnings I would recite in one cycle of prayer al-Ikhlas [Quranic chapter 112] ten thousand times, or recite the entire Qur`an in one cycle of prayer." Al-Sulami said, "Abu 'Abd Allah [ibn Khafif] came from a family of princes, but he practiced asceticism (zuhd) to the point that he said, 'I would collect rags from refuse-heaps, wash them, and mend whatever I could use for clothing, and I spent fourteen months breaking my fast at night with a handful of beans.'"

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Iranian-American
Iranian-Americans or Persian-Americans are Americans of Iranian ancestry or people possessing Iranian and American dual citizenship.
Iranian-Americans are amongst the most highly educated groups in the United States. Iranian-Americans have historically excelled in business, academia, the sciences, arts and entertainment – but have traditionally shied away from participating in American politics or other civic activities.
Iranian immigration to the United States has been continuous since the 1980s. Between 1980 and 1990, the number of foreign born from Iran in the United States increased by 74 percent. Today, the United States contains the highest number of Iranians outside of Iran. The Iranian-American community has produced significant numbers of individuals notable in many fields, including medicine, engineering, and business. The community chiefly expanded in the early 1980s, following the Iranian Revolution and its abolition of the Iranian monarchy.
Iranian American is used interchangeably as Persian-American, partially due to the fact that Iran was called Persia officially prior to 1935; as well as the fact that Iran and Persia continue to be used interchangeably since classic times. There is a tendency among Iranian-Americans to categorize themselves as "Persian" rather than "Iranian", mainly to disassociate themselves from the Iranian regime and the negativity associated with it. Majority of Iranian-Americans are of Persian-speaking backgrounds, however there is also a significant number of non-Persian Iranians within the Iranian-American community, leading some scholars to believe that the label "Iranian" is more inclusive, since the label "Persian" excludes non-Persian minorities from Iran. The Collins English Dictionary uses a variety of similar and overlapping definitions for the terms "Persian" and "Iranian".

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Jamshid Amouzegar
Dr. Jamshid Amouzegar (born 25 June 1923) is an Iranian economist, artist and politician who was Prime Minister of Iran from 7 August 1977 to 27 August 1978 when he resigned. Prior to that, he was Minister of Interior and Minister of Finance in the cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveida. He was the leader of Rastakhiz Party during his tenure as prime minister.
Born on 25 June 1923 in Tehran, Iran, he first climbed his way to college graduating with degrees in Law and Engineering from Tehran University. While World War II was brewing, he was able to enroll in Cornell University. After completing his PhD at Cornell University, he returned to Iran and became deputy minister in Iran's ministry of Health, under Dr Jahanshah Saleh in 1955. Amouzegar was among the first of Iran's politicians schooled and trained in the United States. Prior to that time, Iran's elite were almost entirely trained in France, among other European countries.
Amouzegar first took the post of Minister of Labor and then Minister of Health in the cabinet of prime minister Hasan-ali Mansour. He subsequently became Minister of Finance in the cabinet of Amir Abbas Hoveida after the assassination of Prime minister Mansour in 1964, remaining in that post for nine years. In 1971, he and Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani of Saudi Arabia were instrumental in implementing the series of price hikes that ultimately quadrupled the price of oil and provided the resources for Iran to modernize its infrastructure, agriculture, and defense. For this accomplishment, Amouzegar was awarded the Taj-e Iran, first class, an honor normally reserved for only the prime minister and former prime ministers. He was appointed Minister of the Interior in 1974.

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Junayd Shirazi
Mo'in al-Din Junayd ibn Mahmud ibn Muhammad Baghnovi Shirazi was a Sufi mystic and poet of Persia from the 14th century.
He has two works, namely, a divan, and Shadd al-Izar (written in 1389). The latter work contains the biographies of over three hundred famous persons buried in Shiraz, Iran.

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Karim Khan
Karim Khan Zand, (Persian: کریم خان زند‎), (c. 1705- 1779), was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.
He was born in Village of Pari near Malayer to a family of the Zand tribe of Lak or Lur deportees. Kurdish nationalists such as Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou considered him as a Kurdish hero Modern scholarships such as Wadie Jwaideh suggested his proud Kurdishness.
He never styled himself as "shah" or king, and instead used the title Vakil e-Ra'aayaa (Representative of the People).^{[citation needed]}
Karim Khan Zand was one of the generals of Nader Shah Afshar. After Nader Shah's death in 1747, Persia fell into a state of civil war. At that time, Karim Khan, Abolfath Khan and Ali Mardan Khan reached an agreement to divide the country among themselves and give the throne to Ismail III. However, the cooperation ended after Ali Mardan Khan invaded Isfahan and killed Abdolfath Khan. Subsequently, Karim Khan killed Ali Mardan Khan and gained control over all of Iran except Khorasan, ruled by Shahrokh, grandson of Nader Shah. Nevertheless, he did not adopt the title of Shah for himself, preferring the title, Vakil e-Ra'aayaa (Advocate of the People = People's President)

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Kaveh Golestan
Kāveh Golestān Taghavi Shirazi (8 July 1950 - April 2, 2003), (Persian: کاوه گلستان ‎) was an Iranian photojournalist and artist. Golestan was educated at Millfield School in Somerset, England.
In 1988, working as a freelance photographer, he took the first pictures of the aftermath of Halabja poison gas attack during the Iran-Iraq War.
On April 2, 2003, he was killed at the age of 53, as a result of stepping on a land mine while working for the BBC in Kifri, Iraq. He is buried in a cemetery in the east of Tehran.
Kaveh was the son of the Iranian filmmaker and writer Ebrahim Golestan and the brother of Lili Golestan, translator and the owner-artistic director of the Golestan Gallery in Tehran, Iran.
Kaveh was married to Hengāmeh Golestān, with a son, Mehrak.

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Khwaju Kermani
Khwaju Kermani (Persian: خواجوی کرمانی‎) whose full name is Abu’l-ʿAṭā Kamāl-al-Din Maḥmud b. ʿAli b. Maḥmud Morshedi (1280–1352) was a famous Persian poet and Sufi mystic from Persia.
He was born in Kerman, Iran in 24 December 1290. His nickname Khwaju is a diminutive of the Persian word Khwaja which he uses as his poetic penname. This title points to descent from a family of hish social status. The nisba (name title) Morshedi indicates his associate with the Persian sufi master Shaykh Abu Eshaq Kazeruni, the founder of the Morshediyya order. He died around 1349 in Shiraz, Iran, and his tomb in Shiraz is a popular tourist attraction today. When he was young, he visited Egypt, Syria, Jerusalem and Iraq. He also performed the Hajj in Mecca. One purpose of his travel is said to have been education and meeting with scholars of other lands. He composed one his best known work Homāy o Homāyun in Baghdad. Returning to Persian lands in 1335, he strove to find a position as a court poet by dedicating poems to the rulers of his time, such as the Il-Khanid rulers Abu Saʿid Bahādor Khan and Arpā Khan, the Mozaffarid Mobārez-al-Din, and Abu Esḥāq of the Inju dynasty.

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Lorestan Province
Lorestan Province (Persian: استان لرستان‎, Ostān-e Lorestān ) is a historic territory and province of western Iran, amidst the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006.
Lorestan covers an area of 28,392 km². The major cities in this province are: Khorramabad, Borujerd, Aligoodarz, Dorood, Koohdasht, Azna, Alashtar, Noor Abad, and Pol-e-Dokhtar.
The name Lorestan means "land of the Lurs", and in the wider sense consists of that part of western Iran coinciding with the province of Ilam and extending for about 650 km on a northwest to southeast axis from Kermanshah to Fars, with a breadth of 150–180 km. The terrain consists chiefly of mountains, with numerous ranges, part of the Zagros chain, running northwest to southeast. The central range has many summits which almost reach the line of perpetual snow, rising to 4000 m and more, and it feeds the headwaters of Iran's most important rivers, such as the Zayandeh rud, Jarahi, Karun, Dix, Abi, Karkheh. Between the higher ranges lie many fertile plains and low hilly, well-watered districts.

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Lurs
Lurs (also Lors, Lori/Persian:لُر) are an Iranic people living mainly in south-western Iran. Their population is estimated at above four million. They occupy Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, and Kuh-Gilu-Boir Ahmed provinces.
The Lur people mostly speak Lori, a Southwestern Iranian language, closely related to Persian. "Luri and Bakhtiari are much more closely related to Persian, than Kurdish."
Ethnologists classify the Lurs as aboriginal Persians.^{[citation needed]} Their language forms a dialect of Persian and does not differ materially from Persian.^{[citation needed]}

Lori dialects, which are divided into two main groups:
Lurs are a mixture of aboriginal Indo-Iranian tribes, originating from Central Asia.
"The Lurs are thought to be a division of the ancient Kurds, both tribes being considered true descendants of the Medes."
The area traditionally known as Luristan is divided into two regions. Greater Lur, and Lesser Lur.
Greater Lur includes ChaharMahal and Bakhtiari, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad and parts of western Isfahan province, Fars province Mamasani County and Rostam and northwest of Khuzestan province. This region was in Middle Ages ruled by a group known as Hazaraspids.

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Machelones
The Machelones (Georgian: მახელონები) (Machelônes, Machelonoi; Greek: Μαχελῶνες) were a Colchian tribe located to the far south of the Phasis (modern-day Rioni River, western Georgia). There are several references to them in Classical sources. This group may be the Machorones of Pliny (NH 6.4.11) who placed them between the Ophis (modern Of, Turkey) and Prytanis rivers.
The 1st century AD writer Lucian also comments about the Machlyai and their ruler, but the account seems to be entirely fictional. Ptolemy, in the early 2nd century AD, mentions the town of Mechlessos on the border of Colchis, but adds nothing substantive. His contemporary author, Arrian, lists on a west to east orientation the Sannoi, Drilae, Machelonoi, Heniochoi, Zudreitai, and Lazoi (Perip. 1 1.1-2). Writing in the early 3rd century about an event a hundred years earlier (AD 117), Dio Cassius (68.19) relates that the Machelonoi and the neighboring Heniochoi were ruled by a single "king", Anchialos, who submitted to the Roman emperor Trajan. There is a special mention in the anonymous (probably post-4th century) Periplus Ponti Evcines that both the Machelones and Heniochoi were once called Ekcheireis. The country called Machelonia, a client state of the Sassanid Persian Empire, figures in the so-called Res Gestae Divi Saporis (Ka'ba-i Zartosht), the mid-3rd-century AD trilingual inscription concerning the political, military, and religious activities of Shapur I, and appears, in this case, to be synonymous to Colchis.

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Mansur Al-Hallaj
Mansur al-Hallaj (Persian: منصور حلاج‎ Mansūr-e Ḥallāj; full name Abū al-Muġīṭ Husayn Manṣūr al-Ḥallāğ) (c. 858 – March 26, 922) (Hijri c. 244 AH – 309 AH) was a Persian mystic, revolutionary writer and pious teacher of Sufism most famous for his poetry, accusation of heresy and for his execution at the orders of the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muqtadir after a long, drawn-out investigation.
Al-Hallaj was born around 858 in Fars province of Persia to a cotton-carder (Hallaj means "cotton-carder" in Arabic). His grandfather was a Zoroastrian. His father lived a simple life, and this form of lifestyle greatly interested the young Al-Hallaj. As a youngster he memorized the Qur'an and would often retreat from worldly pursuits to join other mystics in study.
Al-Hallaj later married and made a pilgrimage to Mecca, where he stayed for one year, facing the mosque, in fasting and total silence. After his stay at the city, he traveled extensively and wrote and taught along the way. He traveled as far as India and Central Asia gaining many followers, many of whom accompanied him on his second and third trips to Mecca. After this period of travel, he settled down in the Abbasid capital of Baghdad.

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Medes
The Medes (/midz/) (from Old Persian Māda-) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in Iran in an area known as Media and spoke a northwestern Iranian language referred to as the Median language. Their arrival to the region is associated with the first wave of Iranian tribes in the late second millennium BCE (the Bronze Age collapse) through the beginning of the first millennium BCE.
In the 7th century BCE a unified Median state was formed which together with Babylonia, Lydia, and Egypt became one of the four major powers of the ancient Near East. An alliance with the Babylonians helped the Medes to capture Nineveh in 612 BCE which resulted in the collapse of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The Medes were subsequently able to establish their Median kingdom (with Ecbatana as their royal centre) beyond their original homeland (central-western Iran) and had eventually a territory stretching roughly from northeastern Iran to the Halys River in Anatolia. The Median kingdom was conquered in 550 BCE by Cyrus the Great who established the next Iranian dynasty—the Achaemenid Empire.

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Mohsen Kadivar
Mohsen Kadivar (محسن کدیور, born June 7, 1959) is an Iranian philosopher, University lecturer, cleric and activist. A political dissident, Kadivar has been a vocal critic of the doctrine of clerical rule, also known as Velayat-e Faqih (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist), and a strong advocate of democratic and liberal reforms in Iran. Kadivar has served time in prison in Iran for his political activism and beliefs.
Mohsen Kadivar's sister Jamileh Kadivar and brother-in-law Ata'ollah Mohajerani, are two leading figures in the Iranian reform movement.
Born in Fasa to a politically active family, Mohsen Kadivar completed his primary and secondary education in Shiraz before being admitted into electronic engineering at Shiraz University in 1977. He became politically active as a student and was arrested by the shah's police in May 1978 for his political activities. In 1980 he switched his focus to religious education and began attending Shiraz Seminary. He moved to Qom in 1981 to pursue his studies in fiqh and philosophy. In Qom, he was taught by prominent teachers like Ayatollah Hossein-Ali Montazeri. Kadivar graduated with a degree in ijtihad in 1997. Then he went on to get his PhD in Islamic philosophy and theology from Tarbiat Modares University in Tehran in 1999.

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Mulla Sadra
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī also called Mulla Sadrā (Persian: ملا صدرا‎; also spelt Molla Sadra, Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin Persian: صدرالمتألهین‎;) (c. 1572–1640) was a Iranian Shia Islamic philosopher, theologian and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.
Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist, or (Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age, and Andalusian, philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’liyah.
Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy, although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to Allah, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism.

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Parthia (satrapy)
Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire.
The name "Parthia" is a continuation from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava, which was the Parthian language self-designator signifying "of the Parthians" who were an Iranian people.
Parthia roughly corresponds to the western half of Khorasan region in northeastern Iran. It was bordered by the Kopet Dag mountain range in the north and the Dasht-e-Kavir desert in the south. It bordered Media on the west, Hyrcania on the north west, Margiana on the north east, and Aria on the south east.
During Arsacid times, Parthia was united with Hyrcania as one administrative unit, and that region is therefore often (subject to context) considered a part of Parthia proper.
As the region inhabited by Parthians, Parthia first appears as a political entity in Achaemenid lists of governorates ("satrapies") under their dominion. Prior to this, the people of the region seem to have been subjects of the Medes, and 7th century BC Assyrian texts mention a country named Partakka or Partukka (though this "need not have coincided topographically with the later Parthia").

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Parthians
Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire.
The name "Parthia" is a continuation from Latin Parthia, from Old Persian Parthava, which was the Parthian language self-designator signifying "of the Parthians" who were an Iranian people.
Parthia roughly corresponds to the western half of Khorasan region in northeastern Iran. It was bordered by the Kopet Dag mountain range in the north and the Dasht-e-Kavir desert in the south. It bordered Media on the west, Hyrcania on the north west, Margiana on the north east, and Aria on the south east.
During Arsacid times, Parthia was united with Hyrcania as one administrative unit, and that region is therefore often (subject to context) considered a part of Parthia proper.
As the region inhabited by Parthians, Parthia first appears as a political entity in Achaemenid lists of governorates ("satrapies") under their dominion. Prior to this, the people of the region seem to have been subjects of the Medes, and 7th century BC Assyrian texts mention a country named Partakka or Partukka (though this "need not have coincided topographically with the later Parthia").

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Persian people
The Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians. The synonymous usage of Iranian and Persian has persisted over the centuries although some modern Western sources use Iranic/Iranian as a wider term that includes the term Persian as well as related Iranian languages and ethnic groups. However, these terms have been used both synonymously as well as in a complementary fashion since ancient times; as the Ancient Iranian peoples such as the Old Persians, Medes, Bactrians, Parthians and Avesta peoples considered themselves to be part of the greater Iranian ethnic stock.
The term Persian translates to "from or of Persis" which is a region north of the Persian Gulf located in Pars, Iran. It was from this region that Cyrus the Great, the founder of the Achaemenid empire, united all other Iranian empires (such as the Medes and the Elamites), and expanded the Persian cultural and social influences by incorporating the Babylonian empire, and the Lydian empire. Although not the first Iranian empire, the Achaemenid empire is the first Persian empire well recognized by Greek and Persian historians for its massive cultural, military and social influences going as far as Athens, Egypt, and Libya.

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Reza Malekzadeh
Reza Malekzadeh (Persian: رضا ملك زاده) (born 1952, Kazerun, Fars province, Iran) is an Iranian (Persian) medical scientist and gastroenterologist.
Malekzadeh studied medicine at Shiraz University. He continued his studies to become specialized in Internal Medicine in Shiraz University where he did as well his fellowship in gastroenterology. In 1985, he joined the department of gastroenterology at Free Royal Hospital in London. After his return to Iran, he got a faculty position at Shiraz University and later on at Tehran University of Medical Sciences [1] where he is currently a full professor of internal medicine. He is also an Honorary Professor at University of Birmingham, UK.
Reza Malekzadeh was the Minister of Health of Iran's government from 1991-1993. From 2000-2004, Malekzadeh was the secretary of the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences [2], and since 2005, the Academy's Vice-President for Research. He is the director of Digestive Disease Research Center [3], and was appointed as the director of Shariati Hospital [4] in 2007. Dr Malekzadeh is also the Deputy-Editor of Archives of Iranian Medicine [5].

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Saadi (poet)
Abū-Muḥammad Muṣliḥ al-Dīn bin Abdallāh Shīrāzī, Saadi Shirazi (Persian: ابومحمد مصلح الدین بن عبدالله شیرازی‎) better known by his pen-name as Saʿdī (Persian: سعدی‎) or, simply, Saadi, was one of the major Persian poets of the medieval period. He is not only famous in Persian-speaking countries, but he has also been quoted in western sources. He is recognized for the quality of his writings, and for the depth of his social and moral thoughts.
Shaikh Saadi was a direct descendant of the first Caliph of Islam, Abu Bakr As-Siddiq.^{[citation needed]}
A native of Shiraz, his father died when he was an infant. Saadi experienced a youth of poverty and hardship, and left his native town at a young age for Baghdad to pursue a better education. As a young man he was inducted to study at the famous an-Nizzāmīya center of knowledge (1195–1226), where he excelled in Islamic Sciences, law, governance, history, Arabic literature and theology.
The unsettled conditions following the Mongol invasion of Khwarezm and Iran led him to wander for 30 years abroad through Anatolia (he visited the Port of Adana, and near Konya he met proud Ghazi landlords), Syria (he mentions the famine in Damascus), Egypt (of its music and Bazaars its clerics and elite class), and Iraq (the port of Basra and the Tigris river). He also refers in his work about his travels in Sindh (Pakistan across the Indus and Thar with a Turkic Amir named Tughral), India (especially Somnath where he encountered Brahmans) and Central Asia (where he meets the survivors of the Mongol invasion in Khwarezm).

wn.com/Saadi_(poet)
Saeed Emami
Saeed Emami (Persian: سعید امامی‎; né Saeed Eslami also known as Mojtaba Ghavami; 1959 – 1999) was the Iranian deputy minister of intelligence under Ali Fallahian, and an intelligence officer under Ghorbanali Dorri-Najafabadi. The Islamic government accused him of having independently organized the assassinations of dissidents (known as the "chain murders") shortly after he allegedly committing suicide.
Emami was born in Abadeh, near Shiraz, Iran as Daniyal Ghavami in a wealthy family of Jewish background. In 1978, he moved to the United States with the help of his uncle, Soltan Mohammad Etemad, to pursue his studies in Mechanical Engineering. After the Iranian Revolution, he returned and became involved in intelligence gathering. In 1984, when the Majlis of Iran (the Iranian Parliament) approved the establishment of the Ministry of Intelligence, he officially applied for a job, but was rejected by Saeed Hajjarian. He later joined the ministry and became the deputy of the ministry during the tenure of Ali Fallahian.

wn.com/Saeed_Emami
Salman the Persian
Salman the Persian or Salmān al-Fārsī (Arabic: سلمان الفارسي‎ Salman al-Farsi; in Persian: روزبه‎ Rouzbeh) was one of Muhammad's companions.
During some of his later meetings with the other Sahabah, he was referred to as Abu Abdullah ("Father of Abdullah").
Salman the Persian was born either in the city of Kazerun in Fars Province, or Isfahan in Isfahan Province, Iran.
It was Salman who came up with the idea of digging a great trench around the city of Medina to defend the city and its people from the army of 10,000 non-Muslims of Arabia. Muhammad and his companions agreed and accepted Salman's plan because it was safer and there would be a better chance that the non-Muslim army of Arabia would have a larger number of casualties. Salman came up with the idea from remembering the same thing happening in Persia; when the Persians learned that their enemies planned to invade their territory, they dug a trench around them to be safe. The attack that the Muslims had expected, is known as the Battle of the Trench.

wn.com/Salman_the_Persian
Sheikh Ruzbehan
Abu Muhammad Sheikh Ruzbehan Baqli (1128–1209) was a poet, mystic, and sufi from Fasa.
Ruzbihan Baqli was born in 1128 to a family of Daylami origin in the town of Fasa in Fars. Although Ruzbihan Baqli had religious visions at ages three, seven, and fifteen, he claims that his family was unfamiliar with any sort of religion. At the age of fifteen, these visions, also described as dreams and powerful ecstasies in his own text, The Unveiling of Secrets, caused him to abandon his trade as a grocer (the name Baqli is derived from the word for grocer) and take refuge in the desert. He spent a year and a half in the desert, all the while receiving visions. After he left the desert, he joined a Sufi sect.

In his autobiography, The Unveiling of Secrets, Ruzbihan Baqli says he had his first “unveiling” in his training with the Sufi sect. He then returned to his home in Fasa to seek a master and spiritual guide. It is then that he met and became a disciple of Shaykh Jamal al-Din Abi al-Wafa’ ibn Khalil al-Fasa’I. While there are no sources to confirm this, it is speculated that Ruzbihan Baqli spent the next years travelling. He went to Syria, Iraq, Kirman, Arabia, and made the hajj (or pilgrimage to Mecca) twice. Finally he returns to Shiraz in 1165 and set up a hospice where he taught for 50 years until his death. His center for Sufi training and his teachings remained popular several generations after his death. He married several wives and had two sons and three daughters. Ruzbihan Baqli died in 1209 in Shiraz and was placed in a tomb in his ribat. For several generations after his death, Ruzbihan Baqli’s legacy as a Sufi master continued and Shiraz became a place of pilgrimage. However, the popularity of his order waned and eventually disappeared and his tomb fell into disrepair. In 1972, his tomb was restored by the Iranian Department of Antiquities.

wn.com/Sheikh_Ruzbehan
Sibawayh
Abū Bishr ʻAmr ibn ʻUthmān ibn Qanbar Al-Biṣrī (Arabic: أبو بشر عمرو بن عثمان بن قنبر البصري‎), commonly known as Sībawayh (سيبويه, Sibuyeh in Persian), was an influential linguist and grammarian of the Arabic language. He was of Persian origin born ca. 760 in the town of Bayza (ancient Nesayak) in the Fars province of Iran.
He died in Shiraz, in Fars, around AH 180 (796/797).
In Baghdad, the Abbasid vizier Yahya ibn Khalid held a debate on standard Arabic usage between Sibawayh, representing the Basra school, and Kisa'i, the leading figure in the rival school of Kufa. Sibawayh emerged from this contest totally dejected.
Sībawayh is said to have left Iraq and retired to Shīrāz after the debate.
Sibawayh, a non-Arab, was the first to write on Arabic grammar and in passing the first one to explain Arabic grammar from a non-Arab perspective. Much of the impetus for this work came from the desire for non-Arab Muslims to understand the Qur'an properly and thoroughly; the Qur'an, which is composed in a poetic language that even native Arabic speakers must study with great care in order to comprehend thoroughly^{[citation needed]}, is even more difficult for those who, like Sibawayh^{[citation needed]}, did not grow up speaking Arabic. Furthermore he also constructed the first Arabic dictionary. Additionally, because Arabic does not necessarily mark all pronounced vowel sounds, as the erroneous Arab misreading Sibawayh of what obviously should be interpreted as Sibuyeh illustrates, it is possible to misread a text aloud (See Short vowels in Arabic); such difficulty was particularly troublesome for Muslims, who regard the Qur'an as the literal word of God to man and as such should never be mispronounced or misread.

wn.com/Sibawayh
Simin Daneshvar
Simin Dāneshvar (Persian: سیمین دانشور‎)‎ (28 April 1921 – 8 March 2012) was an Iranian academic, novelist, fiction writer and translator, largely regarded as the first major Iranian woman novelist. Daneshvar had a number of firsts to her credit. In 1948, her collection of Persian short stories was the first by an Iranian woman to be published. The first novel by an Iranian woman was her Savushun ("Mourners of Siyâvash", also known as A Persian Requiem, 1969), which went on to become a bestseller. Daneshvar's Playhouse, a collection of five stories and two autobiographical pieces, is the first volume of translated stories by an Iranian woman author.
Simin Daneshvar was born on 28 April 1921 in Shiraz, Persia. Her father, Mohammad Ali Danesvhar, was a physician. Her mother was a painter. Daneshvar attended the English bilingual school, Mehr Ain. Daneshvar entered the Persian literature department at the University of Tehran in the fall of 1938. In 1941, her third year of university, her father died, and to support herself she began writing pieces for Radio Tehran as the "Nameless Shirazi." She wrote about cooking and food as well as other things. She also began writing for the foreign affairs section of a newspaper in Tehran, since she could translate from English.

wn.com/Simin_Daneshvar
Sogdiana
Sogdiana or Sogdia (^{[pronunciation?]}; Old Persian: Suguda-; Ancient Greek: Σογδιανή, Sogdianē; Persian: سغد‎ Soġd; Tajik: Суғд, سغد Suġd; Uzbek: Sơģd; Chinese: 粟特 Sùtè) was the ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a province of the Achaemenid Empire, eighteenth in the list on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great (i. 16). Sogdiana is "listed" as the second of the "good lands and countries" that Ahura Mazda created. This region is listed second after Airyana Vaeja, Land of the Aryans, in the Zoroastrian book of Vendidad or "Videvdat", indicating the importance of this region from ancient times. Sogdiana, at different times, included territories around Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand and Shahrisabz in modern Uzbekistan. The inhabitants of Sogdiana were the Sogdians, an Eastern Iranian people who are among the ancestors of modern-day Tajik, Pashun and Yaghnobi peoples.
The Sogdian states, although never politically united, were centered around the main city of Samarkand. Sogdiana lay north of Bactria, east of Khwarezm, and southeast of Kangju between the Oxus (Amu Darya) and the Jaxartes (Syr Darya), embracing the fertile valley of the Zeravshan (ancient Polytimetus). Sogdian territory corresponds to the modern provinces of Samarkand and Bokhara in modern Uzbekistan as well as the Sughd province of modern Tajikistan.

wn.com/Sogdiana
Zahra Kazemi
Zahra "Ziba" Kazemi-Ahmadabadi (زهرا کاظمی احمدآبادی in Persian)‎ (1948 – July 11, 2003) was an Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer, residing in Montreal, Canada, who died in the custody of Iranian officials following her arrest.
Although Iranian authorities insist that her death was accidental and that she died of a stroke while being interrogated, Shahram Azam, a former military staff physician who used his purported knowledge of Kazemi's case for seeking asylum in Canada in 2004, has stated that he examined Kazemi's body and observed that Kazemi showed obvious signs of torture, including a skull fracture, broken nose, signs of rape and severe abdominal bruising. Iranian officials claimed that Azam had been afflicted with mental health issues and that he had been discharged before Kazemi's death.
Her death was the first time an Iranian's death in custody attracted major international attention. Because of her joint citizenship and the circumstances of her death, she has since become an international cause célèbre. In November 2003, Canadian Journalists for Free Expression honoured Kazemi with the Tara Singh Hayer Memorial Award in recognition of her courage in defending the right to free expression.

wn.com/Zahra_Kazemi

Persis - Hosay

by JL Hosay wat a nice song...

published: 05 Jun 2008

author: andremanfeng

Persis (Overture) de James L. Hosay (Ateneo Musical de Bembrive)

Persis (Overture) de James L. Hosay (Ateneo Musical de Bembrive)...

published: 04 Mar 2009

author: FGdeBMP

Persis By James L. Hosay

I've never played this piece personally but it is an amazing piece :D...

published: 09 Jul 2009

author: concertbandland

Persis Overture

Don't watch, just listen! Persis Overture by James L. Hosay! Visit my channel and subscrib...

published: 06 Mar 2010

author: RadioUpload

Persis

Phonon Wind Ensemble...

published: 08 Sep 2008

author: mecurry Lin

bedah buku ustadz persis bertanya kh.alawi menjawab - uninus bandung 4 dari 4.flv

bedah buku ustadz persis bertanya kh.alawi menjawab - uninus bandung...

published: 22 May 2012

author: thezainic

Off screen head shave (Persis khambata)

Persis khambata-Pioneer of head shaved women(my favorite)...

published: 07 Sep 2009

author: ladyhaircutsandshave

Persis Bandung

...

published: 14 Jun 2010

author: ciokongci

Persis Melo - Alto y sublime

Persis Melo - Alto y sublime...

published: 25 Jul 2011

author: DerWachsam

Extended AF5 - Mila - Persis Mutiara

Mila sings Persis Mutiara in front of Cikgu Adnan.The very last Friday at AF. =)...

published: 26 Jun 2007

author: luxeyn

Mila - Persis Mutiara Cover by Catty

Sorry. I cant sync the video n audio together properly. Not really good at it. sorry guys....

published: 07 Sep 2009

author: snezams

Persis Baklava - An Art In The Making

published: 05 Jun 2011

author: persisbaklava

Persis Melo

People's Church, Jersey City, NJ...

published: 08 Apr 2007

author: lababydebonao

PERSIS MELO, CONCIERTO EN NEW YORK.qt

MARCH 2010 HEAVENLY VISION...

published: 30 Jun 2010

author: PODERENACCION1

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photo: AP / Nick Ut

File - Demonstrators are arrested by police after protesting outside a Walmart store Friday Nov. 23, 2012, in Paramount, Calif.

Walmart's horrific treatment of workers is too big to ignore

Al Jazeera

14 Dec 2012

Former President Bill Clinton, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama, and Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer, meet 55-year-old Martha Sellers. For the past nine years, Sellers has worked as a Walmart cashier in Paramount, California ... More than 10,000 community members joined more than 30 striking employees who walked off the job to demand better working conditions. . "It was wonderful ... That's not too much to ask for." ... 1698 ... ....(size: 23.6Kb)

photo: AP / Newtown Bee, Shannon Hicks

In this photo provided by the Newtown Bee, police officers are on the scene outside Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., where authorities say a gunman opened fire, killing 26 people, including 20 children, Friday, Dec. 14, 2012.

No motive for attack by 'brilliant but remote' killer Adam Lanza in Connecticut

The Independent

15 Dec 2012

The massacre of 26 children and adults at an elementary school in the US state of Connecticut elicited horror and soul-searching around the world even as it raised more basic questions about why the gunman, a 20-year-old described as brilliant but remote, would have been driven to such a crime and how he chose his victims ... He paused for several seconds to keep his composure as he teared up and wiped an eye ... ... "I'm numb ... Yes, yeah....(size: 8.8Kb)

photo: AP / Newtown Bee, Shannon Hicks

In this photo provided by the Newtown Bee, a police officer leads two women and a child from Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., where a gunman opened fire, killing 26 people, including 20 children, Friday, Dec. 14, 2012.

20 Schoolchildren, 8 Others Dead in Connecticut Massacre

Jakarta Globe

15 Dec 2012

Newtown, Conn. Twenty schoolchildren were slaughtered by a heavily armed gunman who opened fire at a suburban elementary school in Connecticut on Friday, ultimately killing at least 27 people including himself in the one of the worst mass shootings in US history ... Authorities found 18 children and seven adults, including the gunman, dead at the school, and two children were pronounced dead later after being taken to a hospital ... Reuters ....(size: 7.5Kb)

photo: AP / Jessica Hill

Parents leave a staging area after being reunited with their children following a shooting at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., about 60 miles (96 kilometers) northeast of New York City, Friday, Dec. 14, 2012.

27 People Dead, Mostly Children, at Connecticut Elementary School Shooting

ABC News

14 Dec 2012

More than two dozen people, mostly elementary school children, were shot and killed at a Newtown, Conn., elementary school this morning, federal and state sources tell ABC News. The massacre involved two gunmen at a Connecticut school this morning, prompting the town of Newtown to lock down all of its schools and draw SWAT teams to the school, authorities said today. State Police confirm that one shooter is dead ... at ABCNews.com ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

photo: AP / Jessica Hill

Law enforcement canvass an area following a shooting at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn. where authorities say a gunman opened fire, leaving 27 people dead, including 20 children, Friday, Dec. 14, 2012.

'Why? Why?': 26 dead in elementary school massacre

CNN

15 Dec 2012

December 15, 2012 -- Updated 0947 GMT (1747 HKT). Newtown, Connecticut (CNN) -- The bodies of children and educators lay where they fell in a Newtown, Connecticut, elementary school -- in classrooms and hallways -- as investigators worked to identity the dead early Saturday while piecing together the path of the gunman ... J. Paul Vance, a spokesman for the Connecticut State Police. Timeline. School violence in U.S ... J ... HIDE CAPTION. << ... 1....(size: 24.9Kb)

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Manchester United's Robin van Persie leads stroll against Sunderland

The Observer

16 Dec 2012

The winger, among United's brighter performers, played in a deep ball that was cushioned from Robin van Persie's head to Rooney, who from in front of Simon Mignolet put his volley wide ... Young made a mug of Carlos Cuéllar down the left and when he fired in the ball, it hit John O'Shea and found Van Persie ... Young looked to have over-hit a pass to Van Persie....(size: 7.4Kb)

Man Utd stay six points clear‚ QPR win at last

The Himalayan

16 Dec 2012

Robin van Persie and Wayne Rooney were on target for Manchester United as the Premier League leaders swept aside Sunderland 3-1 at Old Trafford on Saturday to stay six points clear of champions Manchester City. United were 2-0 up after 19 minutes, Van Persie opening the scoring with a left-foot finish from close range for his 12th league goal of the season and Tom Cleverley adding a quickfire second three minutes later....(size: 7.4Kb)

Threadbare Sunderland squad is O'Neill's undoing

The Independent

16 Dec 2012

Manchester United's rivals always scent a conspiracy and you can see why ... Not something you could ever call O'Shea ... His clearance, straight out for Robin van Persie to seize on, score and take United ahead, was something he will care to forget. And games are also won or lost on a defender's failure to react, like O'Shea's, when Van Persie bisected Titus Bramble and Carlos Cuellar and crossed low for Wayne Rooney to tap in for 3-0 ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)

United canter to victory THE DAILY TELEGRAPH & AGENCIES Robin van Persie in action, on ...

The Telegraph India

16 Dec 2012

Robin van Persie maintained his remarkable ......(size: 0.2Kb)

Sir Alex rules out Manchester United signings in January

Goal

16 Dec 2012

By Sam Wells. More On . Man Utd., Sunderland, Sir Alex Ferguson, Nemanja Vidic, Man Utd. vs Sunderland. Comments. Getty Images ... Don't Miss. The victory, courtesy of goals from Robin van Persie, Tom Cleverley and Wayne Rooney, means they retain their six-point lead over rivals Manchester City in second ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)

Arsène Wenger's way looks increasingly like path to Arsenal mediocrity

The Observer

16 Dec 2012

Photograph ... Manchester United have managed to remain competitive while living within their means – indeed they were the predators when Robin van Persie's departure announced the last Arsenal crisis before this one – but Wenger has never managed to be as bullish in the transfer market as Sir Alex Ferguson ... Pre-season Captain Robin van Persie refuses to extend his contract beyond July 2013 and is sold to Manchester United for £24m ... Share....(size: 9.2Kb)

Saturday Sundae: Harry Redknapp's 'fruitcake' delivers a double

The Observer

16 Dec 2012

Adel Taarabt celebrates scoring the first goal for QPR against Fulham at Loftus Road. Photograph. Tony O'Brien/Action Images. MAN OF THE DAY. 6ft 4in Christian Benteke cost Villa £7m – five times less than Liverpool lumped on the same-sized Andy Carroll ... RUN OF THE DAY ... The Old Trafford robin – joining the Anfield Cat in the list of 2012's animal invaders, and adding cruel, festive humour to Sunderland's struggles with Mr Van Persie ... Share....(size: 4.5Kb)

Alex Ferguson salutes Tom Cleverley after Sunderland stroll

The Times of India

16 Dec 2012

MANCHESTER. Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson believes Tom Cleverley has taken his game to another level for the Premier League leaders ... "He did very well in the derby and he deserves his position," said Ferguson ... Goals from Robin van Persie and Cleverley gave the hosts a half-time lead and Wayne Rooney added a third before the hour, only for United old boy Fraizer Campbell to pull one back late on for the Black Cats ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)

Arsenal midfielder Jack Wilshere commits to club and insists Arsène Wenger is right man to ...

The Daily Telegraph

16 Dec 2012

Fighting talk ... Having first been struck down at the end of a season in 2010-11 when the class of Cesc Fabregas, Robin van Persie, Samir Nasri, Gael Clichy and Alex Song came so close to winning something, he has looked on and seen the core of a vastly promising team ripped out ... With Fabregas and Van Persie gone, Wilshere is already the indisputable playing face of Arsenal and it seems inevitable that he will eventually become captain ... ....(size: 15.0Kb)

Wilshere ready to sign new Arsenal deal

The Independent

16 Dec 2012

he expects to sign a new contract imminently. After the departures of Cesc Fabregas, Samir Nasri and Robin van Persie in the past 18 months, it would be one thing to lose Theo Walcott, which remains increasingly likely, but the prospect of Wilshere following the other attacking quartet out the door once his existing contract expired in two seasons' time would cause even the most devoted loyalists to wonder where the club is going....(size: 5.6Kb)

Yaya Touré seals Manchester City's victory over Newcastle United

The Observer

16 Dec 2012

Manchester City's goalscorer Yaya Touré, right, in action against Newcastle United's Cheick Tioté, at St James' Park. Photograph. Scott Heppell/AP ... Newcastle were much improved too, but only briefly in the game ... "Newcastle played very well," Roberto Mancini conceded ... A POTENT PAIRING ... TIGHTER AT BACK ... After the debacle at the wall for Robin van Persie's free-kick last Sunday, there were questions about the Frenchman's hunger for a fight ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)

Man United 3 - 1 Sunderland

Peace FM Online

15 Dec 2012

ROBIN VAN PERSIE and Wayne Rooney showed again they are the hottest strikeforce in the Premier League as leaders Manchester United restored their six-point cushion over neighbours City. United soon followed Van Persie's simple 16th minute opener with Cleverley's cracker. Van Persie then missed a sitter before swapping passes with Ashley Young to set up Rooney's close-ranger clincher in the 59th minute....(size: 5.7Kb)

Manchester United forward Robin van Persie sees huge activity boost to Official PFA Facebook page ...

Yahoo Daily News

15 Dec 2012

The official PFA Facebook page, along with Robin van Persie player profile on football.co.uk, provide the only online location of the official PFA biography, lifetime stats, news and high resolution gallery. (PRWEB UK) 15 December 2012 Manchester United forward Robin van Persie sees huge activity boost to Official PFA Facebook page after impressive Manchester derby debut, say Digital Sports Group....(size: 3.2Kb)

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Coordinates: 29°37′N 52°32′E / 29.617°N 52.533°E / 29.617; 52.533

Fars Province استان فارس
— Province —
Location of Fars within Iran
Country	Iran
Capital	Shiraz
Counties	23
Area
• Total	122,608 km² (47,339 sq mi)
Population (2006)^[1]
• Total	4,569,292
• Density	37/km² (97/sq mi)
Time zone	IRST (UTC+03:30)
• Summer (DST)	IRST (UTC+04:30)
Main language(s)	Persian Qashqai Lurish Dialects of Fars

Fars Province (Persian: استان فارس‎ Ostān-e Fārs pronounced [fɑː(r)s]), originally spelled Pars (پارس), is one of the 31 provinces and known as Cultural Capital of Iran. It is in the south of the country and its center is Shiraz. It has an area of 122,400 km². In 2006, this province had a population of 4.57 million people, of which 61.2% were registered as urban dwellers, 38.1% villagers, and 0.7% nomad tribes.^[1] The etymology of the word "Persian" (Pārs-ian : پارسیان) is derived from the cultural capital of Iran and found in many ancient names associated with Iran.

Fars or Pars is the original homeland of the Persian people. The native name of the Persian language is Fârsi or Pârsi. Persia and Persian both derive from the Hellenized form Πέρσις Persis of the root word Pârs. The Old Persian word was Pârsâ.

1 Etymology
2 History
- 2.1 Persis
- 2.2 Iran
3 Administrative divisions
4 Climate and wildlife
5 Economy
6 Demographics
7 Transportation
8 Education
9 Notables from Fars
10 References
11 External links

Etymology [link]

The word Fars is derived from 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 Pârsa, the Old Persian name for Persia and its capital, Persepolis. Fars is the Arabized version of Pârs, as Arabic has no [p] phoneme.

History [link]

Persis [link]

"Persis" redirects here. For other uses, see Persis (disambiguation).

The ruins of Persepolis

The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 9th century BC, and became the rulers of a large empire under the Achaemenid dynasty in the 6th century BC. The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located in Fars.

The Achaemenid Empire was defeated by Alexander III of Macedon in the fourth century BC. Shortly after this the Seleucid Empire was established. However it never extended its power beyond the main trade routes in Fars, and by reign of Antiochus I or possibly later Persis emerged as an independent state that minted its own coins.^[2]

A Sassanid relief showing the investiture of Ardashir I

The Seleucid Empire was defeated by the Parthians in 238 BC. By 205 BC, Antiochus III had extended his authority into Persis and it ceased to be an independent state.^[3]

Babak was the ruler of a small town called Kheir. Babak's efforts in gaining local power at the time escaped the attention of Artabanus IV, the Arsacid Emperor of the time. Babak and his eldest son Shapur managed to expand their power over all of Persis.

The subsequent events are unclear, due to the sketchy nature of the sources. It is however certain that following the death of Babak around 220, Ardashir who at the time was the governor of Darabgird, got involved in a power struggle of his own with his elder brother Shapur. The sources tell us that in 222, Shapur was killed when the roof of a building collapsed on him.

At this point, Ardashir moved his capital further to the south of Persis and founded a capital at Ardashir-Khwarrah (formerly Gur, modern day Firouzabad).

After establishing his rule over Persis, Ardashir I rapidly extended his territory, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars, and gaining control over the neighboring provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Susiana, and Mesene.

Sarvestan Palace in Sarvestan‏

Artabanus marched a second time against Ardashir I in 224. Their armies clashed at Hormizdeghan, where Artabanus IV was killed. He was crowned in 226 at Ctesiphon as the sole ruler of Persia; bringing the 400-year-old Parthian Empire to an end.

The Sassanids ruled for 425 years, until the Muslim armies conquered the empire. Afterward the Persians started to convert to Islam, this made it a lot easier for the new Muslim empire to continue the expansion of Islam.

Iran [link]

Fars then passed hand to hand through numerous dynasties, leaving behind numerous historical and ancient monuments; each of which has its own values as a world heritage, reflecting the history of the province, Iran, and western Asia. The ruins of Bishapur, Persepolis, and Firouzabad are all reminders of this.

Administrative divisions [link]

Fars is located in the south of Iran. It neighbours Bushehr Province to the west, Hormozgān Province to the south, Kerman and Yazd provinces to the east, Isfahan province to the north and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province to the northwest. According to the latest divisions, the province contains the following counties:

Fars Province landscape

Climate and wildlife [link]

There are three distinct climatic regions in the Fars Province. First, the mountainous area of the north and northwest with moderate cold winters and mild summers. Secondly, the central regions, with relatively rainy mild winters, and hot dry summers. The third region located in the south and southeast, has moderate winters with very hot summers. The average temperature of Shiraz is 16.8 °C, ranging between 4.7 °C and 29.2 °C.

The geographical and climatic variation of the province causes varieties of plants; consequently, variation of wildlife has been formed in the province. Additional to the native animals of the province, many kinds of birds migrate to the province every year.^[4] Many kinds of ducks, storks and swallows migrate to this province in an annual parade.^[4] The main native animals of the province are gazelle, deer, mountain wild goat, ram, ewe and many kinds of birds.^[4]

The province of Fars includes many protected wildlife zones. The most important protected zones are:

Toot Siah (Black Berry) Hunt Forbidden Zone, which is located at the end of Boanat region.
Basiran Hunt Forbidden Zone, which is located 4 kilometers south to Abadeh;
Bamu National Park, which is located north-east of Shiraz;
Estahban Forest Park ( Parke Jangaly), which is located on the outskirts of Touraj mountain;
Hermoodlar Protected Zone, which is located east to larestan.^[4]

Arjan Meadow 22 km² (8.5 sq mi) and Lake Parishan 40 km² (15 sq mi) are designated Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar convention.

A panorama of Bakhtiar lake

Economy [link]

Agriculture is of great importance in Fars. The major products include cereal (wheat and barley), citrus fruits, dates, sugar beets and cotton.

Fars has major petrochemical facilities, along with an oil refinery, a factory for producing tires, a large electronics industry, and a sugar mill.

Tourism is also a large industry in the province. UNESCO has designated an area in the province, called Arjan (known as Dasht e Arjan) as a biosphere reserve.

Shiraz, provincial capital of Fars, is the namesake of Shirazi wine. There used to be a lot of wine factories in the city, but due to Islamic law all wine factories were shut down after the Islamic Revolution in 1979.

Demographics [link]

Due to the geographical characteristics of Fars and its proximity to the Persian Gulf, Fars has long been a residing area for various Iranian People and Semites who were under the influence of Persian culture. However, the tribes of Fars including Qashqai Turks, Mamasani Lurs, Khamseh and Kohkiluyeh have kept their native and unique cultures and lifestyles which constitute part of the cultural heritage of Iran attracting many tourists. The province has a population of 4.4 million approximately.

Transportation [link]

Shiraz Airport is the main international airport of the province and the second in the country. The cities of Lar and Lamerd also have airports linking them with Shiraz and Tehran and nearby Persian Gulf countries such as the UAE and Bahrain. Shiraz is along the main route from Tehran to southern Iran.

Education [link]

The main universities are Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University and Shiraz University of Technology.

Notables from Fars [link]

Mansur Hallaj Persian Mystician, killed in 8th century AC.
Salman the Persian was born in Kazerun.
Saadi, writer, poet, born and died in Shiraz.
Hafiz Shirazi, poet, born and died in Shiraz.
Mulla Sadra was born in Shiraz.
Qotb al-Din Kazeruni was born in Kazerun.
Reza Malekzadeh was born in Kazerun.
Abdolreza Hajipur was born in Kazerun.
Christiane Amanpour's father is originally from Sarvestan, Fars.
Sibawayh, one of the founders of Arabic grammar, died in Shiraz.
Karim Khan, founder of the Zand dynasty.
Lotf Ali Khan, the last ruler of the Zand dynasty.
Dolatabadi has been well known as a scholar and author in Iranian Literature for the old and new generation of Iran.
Ibn Muqaffa, or Ruzbeh Dadwayh, Persian writer and translator in 8th century AC.
Zahra Kazemi, photographer, born in Shiraz.
Ladan and Laleh Bijani, famous conjoined twins, born in Shiraz.
Shāh Shuja', buried in Shiraz.
Khwaju Kermani, buried in Shiraz.
Asghar Shekari was born in Shiraz.
Mirza Agha Seyed Ebrahim Estahbanati.
Mohammad Bagher Shahid Raabea, A well known leader in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
Jamshid Amouzegar
Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabatabaee was born in Shiraz.
Ibn Khafif, a 9th century sage, is buried in Shiraz.
Sheikh Ruzbehan
Nezameddin Faghih, Professor, Writer^[5]^[6]
Afshin Ghotbi, Football Manager of Iranian National Team
Meulana Shahin Shirazi, Persian Jewish poet and wiseman.
Junayd Shirazi
Mohsen Kadivar
Ata'ollah Mohajerani was a representative of Shiraz in the Majlis.
Saeed Emami
Gholam Reza Azhari
Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, the Báb
Mohammad Hashem Pesaran, the most honored Iranian economist.
Firouz Naderi, an Iranian-American scientist and the Associate Director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), responsible for Project Formulation and Strategy. He was born in Kazerun.
Ebrahim Golestan, filmmaker and literary figure
Kaveh Golestan, photojournalist and artist.
Habibollah Peyman, Iranian politician
Mohsen Safaei Farahani, Iranian politician
Simin Daneshvar, academic, renowned novelist, fiction writer and translator

References [link]

^ ^a ^b [1] National Census 2006
^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3 (1), p. 299
^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3 (1), p. 302
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Iran fars-shiraz
^ Nezameddin Faghih
^ Nezameddin Faghih Books

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fars Province

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province	Isfahan Province	Yazd Province
Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province		Kerman Province
	Fars Province East

Bushehr Province		Hormozgan Province

Links to related articles

v t e Provinces of Iran

Alborz Ardabil Bushehr Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari East Azerbaijan Isfahan Fars Gilan Golestan Hamadan Hormozgan Ilam Kerman Kermanshah Khuzestan Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Kurdistan Lorestan Markazi Mazandaran North Khorasan Qazvin Qom Razavi Khorasan Semnan Sistan and Baluchestan South Khorasan Tehran West Azerbaijan Yazd Zanjan

Fars Province, Iran

Capital

Shiraz

Counties (A-K)
and Cities

Counties (L-Z)
and Cities

Lamerd County	Lamerd Ahel Ala-e Marvdasht Eshkanan

Larestan County	Lar Beyram Banaruiyeh Evaz Fishvar Juyom Khur Latifi

Mamasani County	Nurabad Khumeh Zar

Marvdasht County	Marvdasht Kamfiruz Ramjerd Seyyedan

Mohr County	Mohr Asir Galleh Dar Varavi

Neyriz County	Neyriz Abadeh Tashk Meshkan Qatruyeh

Pasargad County	Saadat Shahr

Qir and Karzin County	Qir Efzar Karzin

Rostam County	Masiri

Sarvestan County	Sarvestan

Sepidan County	Ardakan Beyza Hamashahr

Shiraz County	Shiraz Darian Lapui Zarqan

Zarrin Dasht County	Hajjiabad Dowbaran Shahr-e Pir

Landmarks

Afif-Abad Garden
Amir's dam
Arg of Karim Khan
Barmdelak lagoon
Bishapur
Delgosha Garden
Eram Garden
Estakhr
Ghal'eh Dokhtar
Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
Kazerun fire temple
Lake Parishan
Naqsh-e Rajab
Naqsh-e Rustam
Palace of Ardashir
Pars museum
Pasargadae
Persepolis
Qavam House
Qur'an Gate
Saadi's mausoleum
Sarvestan Sassanian palace
Shah Cheragh
Colossal Statue of Shapur I in Shapur cave
Tangeh Bolaghi
Hāfezieh
Tounbbot
Vakil Bath
Vakil Bazaar
Vakil Mosque

v t e Counties of Fars Province

Abadeh Arsanjan Bavanat Darab Eqlid Estahban Farashband Fasa Firuzabad Jahrom Kazerun Khorrambid Lamerd Larestan Mamasani Marvdasht Mehr Neyriz Qir-o-Karzin Sepidan Shiraz Zarrindasht

v t e Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire (Behistun, Persepolis, Naqsh-e Rustam, Susa, Susa foundation charter, and Daiva inscriptions)

Across the sea Akaufaka Arabia Arachosia Aria Armenia Assyria Babylonia Bactria Cappadocia Caria Chorasmia Dahae Drangiana 1t Egyptian Satrapy / 2nd Egyptian Satrapy Eber-Nari Elam Gandhara Gedrosia Hyrcania Ionia Indus Libya Maka Media Parthia Persia Quadia Saka Sardis Sattagydia Skudra Sogdia Yehud

See also Districts of the Achaemenid Empire according to Herodotus

v t e Provinces of the Sassanid Empire

Abarshahr Adiabene Albania Arabistan Aria Armenia Asuristan Atropatene Balasagan Carmania Elam Egypt Hyrcania Iberia India Kushanshahr Machelonia Maishan Margiana Mazun Media Mokran Paratan Parthia Patishkhwagar Persis Sakastan Susiana Turan

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Persis Khambatta
Persis Khambatta, 1978
Born	(1948-10-02)2 October 1948 Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Died	18 August 1998(1998-08-18) (aged 49) Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Years active	1968–1998
Spouse	Cliff Taylor (1981 - ?)

Persis Khambatta (2 October 1948 – 18 August 1998) was an Indian model, actress and author.^[1] She was best known for her role as Lieutenant Ilia in the 1979 feature film Star Trek: The Motion Picture.

1 Early Life
2 Career
3 Death
4 References
5 Notes
6 External links

Early Life [link]

Persis Khambatta was born into a middle-class Parsee home in Bombay in 1948. She first gained fame when a set of her pictures casually taken by a well-known Bombay photographer were used for a successful campaign for a popular soap brand and eventually to Khambatta's becoming a model. She entered and won the Miss India contest in 1965.^[2]

Career [link]

At age 17, as Femina Miss India, Khambatta entered Miss Universe 1965, dressed in off-the-rack clothes she bought at the last minute. Khambatta became a model for companies such as Revlon. Khambatta made her Hindi film début in director K.A. Abbas's Bambai Raat Ki Bahon Mein (1967). Khambatta was the cabaret singer Lily who croons the film's title track. In 1975, she had small roles in Conduct Unbecoming and The Wilby Conspiracy. She went on to a brief movie career that included the role for which she is most recognized, as bald navigator Lieutenant Ilia, in Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979). Khambatta became the first citizen of India to present an Academy Award in 1980. She was nominated for Saturn Award Best Actress for her Star Trek role. This led to roles in Nighthawks (1981), Megaforce (1982) and Warrior of the Lost World (1983). She was considered for the title role in the James Bond film Octopussy (1983), but was passed over for Maud Adams.

Khambatta was seriously injured in a car crash in Germany in 1980, which left her with a large scar on her head. She underwent a heart bypass operation in 1983. She returned to Bombay in 1985, and appeared as a character in the Hindi television series Shingora. Soon after, Khambatta returned to Hollywood and performed in guest roles on various television series such as Mike Hammer and MacGyver. In 1997 she wrote and published a coffee table book, Pride of India, which featured several former Miss Indias. The book was dedicated to Mother Teresa, and part of the royalties went to the Missionaries of Charity. Her final appearance in an acting part was that of an Indian ambassador in the 1993 pilot episode of Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.

Death [link]

In 1998, Khambatta was taken to the Marine Hospital in south Mumbai, complaining of chest pains. She died of a heart attack on 18 August 1998 at the age of 49.^[3] Her funeral was held in Mumbai on 19 August.^[3]

References [link]

^ "Obituary: Persis Khambatta" The Independent (20 August 1998).
^ 'Star Trek' actress Persis Khambatta, 49
^ ^a ^b "Persis Khambatta, Movie Actress, 49 : Obituary". The New York Times. 20 August 1998. http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/20/arts/persis-khambatta-movie-actress-49.html. Retrieved 2010-09-15.

Notes [link]

The Globe 1998 November 10
New York Post 20 October 1998
Beverly Hills 213 Magazine November 1998

Persondata
Name	Khambatta, Persis
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	2 October 1948
Place of birth	Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Date of death	18 August 1998
Place of death	Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persis_Khambatta

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

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