Dongyi () was a collective term for people in eastern China and in lands located to the east of ancient China. People referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages. The early Dongyi culture was one of earliest neolithic cultures in China.

According to the earliest Chinese record, ''Zuo Zhuan'', the Shang Dynasty was attacked by King Wu of Zhou, while attacking Dongyi, and collapsed afterwards.

Culture

Dongyi culture was one of the oldest neolithic cultures in China. Some Chinese scholars extend the historical use of Dongyi to prehistoric times, according to this belief, the neolithic culture correlates to Houli culture, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture, five evolutionary phases. Deliang He, thinks that Dongyi culture used to be one of the leading cultures in neolithic China.

The writing system of Dongyi was one of the oldest writing systems in neolithic China. There are opinions that the 20 pictogram characters discovered in a Dongyi tomb (山东莒县大汶口墓葬) in Shangdong indictates some of the characters found, like “旦、鉞(钺)、斤、皇、封、酒、拍、昃”, are still used in Chinese characters.

There are also opinions that Dongyi people were the inventor of arrows. Some classic Chinese history records like ''Zuo Zhuan'', ''Shuowen Jiezi'', ''Classic of Rites'', all have some similar records about this. The legendary god of archery in Chinese mythology, Houyi, could also be a Dongyi leader.

Based on archeology findings, Dongyi people's ancestral worship totem is bird-shaped.

''Yi''

The Chinese word ''yi'' in ''Dongyi'' has a long history and complex semantics.

Meanings

Chinese dictionaries give various meanings for ''yi'' (夷). English translations include: # (in ancient China) barbarians in the east # foreign tribes or foreigners # at ease; peaceful # to level; to make level, even or smooth # safe # to eliminate; to exterminate; to kill; to execute # injuries; wounds # grades; classes # common; usual; ordinary # great; big # a Chinese family name These first two senses of ''yi'' reflect the linguistic Sinocentrism of Chinese words that can mean both condescending "barbarian" and semantically neutral "foreigner; outsider". For instance, ''hu'' 胡 "barbarian; foreign; non-Chinese" (e.g., erhu) originally meant ''hu'' 鬍 "beard; whiskers", and was chosen to name the Hu 胡 or Donghu 東胡 "eastern barbarians: an ancient Tungusic people northeast of China".

Characters

The modern Chinese character 夷 for ''yi'' "barbarian; foreigner; etc." combines ''da'' 大 "big" and ''gong'' 弓 "bow". However, it graphically descends from an ancient pictograph showing a person with a bent back and legs.

The (121 CE) ''Shuowen Jiezi'' character dictionary, which defines ''yi'' 夷 as 平 "level; peaceful" or 東方之人 "people of eastern regions", first records that this Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) regular script 夷 and the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BCE) seal script for ''shi'' incorporate the 大 "big" and 弓 "bow" radicals (recurring character elements). The Dongyi are associated with archery, and legends say their leader Houyi 后羿 invented the bow.

Bernhard Karlgren says that in the earlier bronze script for ''yi'' inscribed on Zhou Dynasty (ca. 1045 BCE-ca. 256 BCE) Chinese bronze inscriptions, "The graph has 'man' and 'arrow', or 'arrow' with something wound around the shaft."

The earliest records of ''yi'' were inscribed on oracle bones dating from the late Shang Dynasty (ca. 1600–ca. 1046 BCE). This oracle bone script was used interchangeably for ''yi'' 夷, for ''ren'' 人 "human", and for ''shi'' 尸 "corpse; personator of the dead; inactive; lay out". The historical linguist Xu Zhongshu explains this oracle character depicts either a "corpse"' with two bent legs or a "barbarian" custom of sitting with one's legs stretched out instead of the Chinese norm of squatting on one's heels.

Etymology

Historical linguists have tentatively reconstructed ''yi'' 夷's ancient pronunciations and etymology. The Modern Standard Chinese pronunciation ''yi'' descends from (ca. 6th-9th centuries CE) Middle Chinese and (ca. 6th-3rd centuries BCE) Old Chinese. Middle and Old Chinese reconstructions of ''yi'' 夷 "barbarian; spread out" include ''i'' < *''djər'', ''yij'' < *''ljɨj'', and ''ji'' < *''ləi''.

Axel Schuessler hypothesizes an Old Chinese etymological development from *''li'' 夷 "extend; expose; display; set out; spread out" to *''lhi'' 尸 "to spread out; lie down flat (in order to sleep); motionless; to set forth (sacrificial dishes)", to "personator of a dead ancestor", and to "corpse".

Usages

Pre-Qin usages

It is not easy to determine the times of people that a Classical Chinese document reflects.

Literature describing a pre-Xia Dynasty period does not use the character ''yi''. As for the Xia Dynasty, some groups of people are referred to as the Yi. For example, "Yu Gong" (禹貢) of the ''Classic of History'' calls people in Qingzhou and Xuzhou as Laiyi (萊夷), Yuyi (嵎夷) and Huaiyi (淮夷). Another yi-related term is Jiu-yi (九夷), literally ''Nine Yi'', which could have also had the connotation ''The Numerous Yi'' or ''The Many Different Kinds of Yi'', and which appears in a passage in The Analects that reads, "The Master (i.e., Confucius) desired to live among the Nine Yi." The term "Dongyi" is not used for this period.

Shang Dynasty oracle shell and bone writings record ''yi'' but not ''Dongyi''. Shima Kunio's concordance of oracle inscriptions lists twenty occurrences of the script for 夷 or 尸, most frequently (6 times) in the compound ''zhishi'' 祉尸 "bless the personator; blessed personator". Michael Carr notes some contexts are ambiguous, but at least, "Three compounds refer to 'barbarians' (in modern characters, ''fayi'' 伐夷 'attack barbarians,' ''zhengyi'' 征夷 'punish barbarians,' and ''yifang'' 夷方 'barbarian regions')." Oracle inscriptions record that Shang King Wu Ding (r. ca. 1250-1192 BCE) made military expeditions on the Yi, and King Di Xin (r. ca. 1075-1046 BCE) waged a massive campaign against the Yifang 夷方 "barbarian regions".

It appears that the Yifang were the same people as Huaiyi (Huai River Yi), Nanhuaiyi (Southern Huai Yi), Nanyi (Southern Yi) and Dongyi in bronzeware inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Zhou Dynasty attempted to keep the Yi under its control. The most notable is the successful campaign against the Huaiyi and the Dongyi by the Duke of Zhou.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin, Zheng, Qi and Song tried to seize control of the Huai River basin, which was occupied by the Huaiyi. But the region finally fell under the influence of Chu in the south. At the same time, people in the east and south ceased to be called Dongyi as they founded their own states. These Yifang states include the states of Xu, Zhongli, Ju and Jiang. The state Xu occupied large areas of Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Anhui between the Huai and Yangzi Rivers. Eventually, after warring with Chu and Wu, it was conquered by the State of Wu in 512 BC. Chu annexed the State of Jiang, destroyed the State of Ju whose territory was annexed by the State of Qi. Recent archaeological excavations reveal that the State of Xu's presence extended to western Jiangxi in modern Jing'an County. This includes bronzeware inscriptions about the State of Xu and also a tomb with many nanmu coffins containing sacrificial female victims. Dongyi customs include burials with many sacrificial victims and veneration of the sun.

References to Dongyi became ideological during the Warring States period probably because selves and others had subtle cultural differences among Chinese. The ''Classic of Rites'' (early 4th BC) made the first reference to the combination of "Dongyi" (east), "Xirong" (west), "Nanman" (south) and "Beidi" (north) in fixed four directions. At the same time "Dongyi" acquired a clearly pejorative nuance.

Post-Qin usages

The more "China" expanded, the further east the term "Dongyi" was applied to. The ''Records of the Grand Historian'' by Sima Qian uses the term "Manyi" (蠻夷), but not "Dongyi". It puts the section of "Xinanyi (southwestern Yi) liezhuan (biographies)", but not "Dongyi liezhuan". The ''Book of Han'' does not put this section either but calls a Dongye (濊) chief in the Korean Peninsula as Dongyi. The ''Book of Later Han'' puts the section of "Dongyi liezhuan (東夷列傳)" and covers Buyeo, Yilou, Goguryeo, Eastern Okjeo, Hui, Samhan and Wa, in other words, eastern Manchuria, Korea, Japan and some other islands. The ''Book of Jin'' positioned Dongyi inside the section of "Siyi" (barbarians in four directions) along with "Xirong", "Nanman" and "Beidi". The ''Book of Sui'', the ''Book of Tang'' and the ''New Book of Tang'' adopt the section of "Dongyi" and covers eastern Manchuria, Korea, Japan and optionally Sakhalin and Taiwan. During the Song Dynasty, the official history books replaced Dongyi with Waiguo (外國) and Waiyi (外夷).

Other usage of Dongyi in Chinese history books

Records of the Grand Historian and Book of Han

: These two history books do not assign many chapters to describe the history of Dongyi. However, it includes the simple description Wiman Joseon. Wiman fled from the state of Yan to Gojoseon, and he disguised as if he was Gojoseon people. Book of Han uses the same term as Records of the Grand Historian.

Book of the Later Han

: This book was written by Fan Ye (historian). This book contains the chapter of 'Dongyi', which describes the history of Manchuria and Korea including Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and Samhan, and Japan including Wa.

Records of Three Kingdoms

: This book was written by Chen Shou, and also contains the chapter about 'Dongyi'. The chapter of "Wuwan Xianbei Dongyi" describes the Wuwan tribes, Xianbei tribes, and Dongyi tribes respectively. In the section of Dongyi, this book explains the Manchurian, Korean and Japanese ancient kingdoms. Korean and Manchurian kingdoms include Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo, Dongye, and Samhan. Japanese kingdom includes Wa (Japan).

Book of Jin

: This book was written by Fang Xuanling at Tang dynasty. It has the chapter of 'Four Yi', and describes the Manchurian, Korean, and Japanese history. Machurian, Korean and Japanese include Buyeo, Mahan confederacy, Jinhan confederacy, Sushen, and Wa (Japan).

Book of Song

: This history book describes the history of Liu Song Dynasty, but also contains the simple explanation the neighbor states. The Chapter of Dongyi of this book describes the ancient history of Manchuria, Korea and Japan such as Goguryeo, Baekje and Wa (Japan).

Book of Qi

: The Book of Qi is the history book of Southern Qi. In the 58th volume, the history of Dongyi's history is described, which includes the ancient Manchurian, Korean and Japanese history such as Goguryeo, Baekje, Gaya and Wa (Japan).

History of Southern Dynasties

: This book is about the history of Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty, and Chen Dynasty, but also includes the history of Dongyi. In the chapter of Dongyi, this book describes the Manchurian, Korean and Japanese history such as Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Wa (Japan), and so on. Interestingly, this book says that Dongyi's state was Gojoseon while Sima Qian says that Gojoseon people is Manyi.

8) Book of Sui The Book of Sui describes the history about the Sui Dynasty, and was compiled at Tang dynasty. The chapter of Dongyi's history describes the history of Korean, Manchurian and Japanese such as Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Mohe, Liuqiu, and Wa (Japan).

Modern usages

Some Chinese scholars extend the historical use of Dongyi to prehistoric times. They consider Dongyi as one of the origins of Chinese people, based on the hypothesis of the pluralistic origins of Chinese culture that became popular in 1980s.

People called Dongyi in this sense lived in Haidai (海岱) region, the lower reaches of the Yellow and Huai Rivers, from the Neolithic period.

The cultural evolution in the Haidai region is considered as follows (the dates differ among scholars):

Houli culture (6400 BC - 5700 BC)

Beixin culture (5300 BC - 4100 BC)

Dawenkou culture (4100 BC - 2600 BC)

Longshan culture (3200 BC - 1900 BC)

Yueshi culture (2000 BC - 1600 BC)

The Shandong Longshan culture was characterized by large-scale hierarchical groups of walled settlements. The Yueshi culture which replaced the Longshan culture around 2000 B.C. saw a decline of civilization. Groups of settlements were dissolved and the highly-developed pottery technology of the Shandong Longshan culture was lost.

It should be noted that the Longshan Culture was not just Dongyi and did not just exist in Shandong and other eastern coastal areas of China. Areas further west, including much of the middle and lower Yellow River Valley region, was also a part of the Longshan Culture area. Historians such as Jacques Gernet believe that the Longshan Culture was also culturally ancestral to the Erlitou Culture and the later Shang dynasty in the middle Yellow River Valley region. There are some good evidence for this claim, for both the Longshan and Shang cultures shared the following basic elements:

A similar technical of divination based on heating animal bones and shells until they crack.

Similar construction techniques for city-walls, fortifications and building platforms using rammed earth.

Similar artistic styles.

The Shang Dynasty technology of bronze metallurgy seems to be the descendant of high temperature ceramic-making techniques used by the late Neolithic Longshan Culture.

The Longshan Culture might have been replaced by the Yueshi Culture in Shandong but further to the west it continued and developed into the Erlitou Culture around 1900 - 1800 BC).

During the Yueshi culture in Shandong, the Erlitou culture and the subsequent Erligang culture gradually stretched from the Yellow River valley in the west. Since sites of the Yueshi culture are coterminous with those of the Erligang culture, the traditional theory that the Shang Dynasty originated in the east was shattered. Shang civilization extended to central Shandong at the end of the Shang Dynasty and it was during the middle Western Zhou Dynasty that the central civilization covered the entire Haidai region.

It is notable that Longshan people seemingly had their own writing system. A pottery inscription of the Longshan culture discovered in Dinggong Village, Zouping County, Shandong Province contains eleven characters and they do not look like the direct ancestor of Chinese characters. Chinese scholar Feng Shi (馮時) argued in 1994 that this inscription can be interpreted as written by the Longshan people. Other scholars, like Ming Ru, are doubtful about attributing a Neolithic date to the inscription. Some other scholars also claim a connection between ancient Dongyi and the modern Yi people in southwestern China.

See also

Huawaizhidi

Hua-Yi Distinction

Shùn

Sinocentrism

Footnotes

References

Baxter, William H. 1992. ''A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology''. Mouton de Gruyter.

Cai Fengshu 蔡鳳書, ''Kodai Santō bunka to kōryū'' 古代山東文化と交流, Higashi Ajia to hantō kūkan 東アジアと『半島空間』, pp. 45–58, 2003.

Carr, Michael. 2007. "The ''Shi'' 'Corpse/Personator' Ceremony in Early China," in Marcel Kuijsten, ed., ''Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's Bicameral Mind Theory Revisited'', Julian Jaynes Society, 343-416.

Karlgren, Bernhard. 1957. ''Grammata Serica Recensa''. Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities.

Li Xiaoding 李孝定. 1965. ''Jiagu wenzi zhishi'' 甲骨文字集釋 [Collected Explanations of Shell and Bone Characters]. 8 Vols. The Institute of History and Philology.

Luan Fengshi 栾丰实, 论“夷”和“东夷” (On "Yi" and "Dong Yi"), Zhongyuan Wenwu 中原文物 (Cultural Relics of Central China), 2002.1, pp. 16–20.

Matsumaru Michio 松丸道雄, ''Kanji kigen mondai no shintenkai'' 漢字起源問題の新展開, Chūgoku kodai no moji to bunka 中国古代の文字と文化, 1999.

Matsumaru Michio 松丸道雄 and Takashima Ken'ichi 高嶋謙一 ed., Kōkotsumoji Jishaku Sōran 甲骨文字字釋綜覽, 1994.

Schuessler, Axel. 2007. ''An Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese''. University of Hawaii Press.

Schuessler, Axel. 2009. ''Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese''. University of Hawaii Press.

Shima Kunio 島邦男. 1971. ''Inkyo bokuji sōorui'' 殷墟卜辞綜類 [Concordance of Oracle Writings from the Ruins of Yin], 2nd rev. ed. Hoyu.

Shirakawa Shizuka 白川静, Jitō 字統, 2004.

Tang Jiahong 唐嘉弘, 东夷及其历史地位, Shixue yuekan 史学月刊, 1989.4, pp. 37–46.

Xu Guanghui 徐光輝, ''Kodai no bōgyo shūraku to seidōki bunka no kōryū'' 古代の防御集落と青銅器文化の交流, Higashi Ajia to hantō kūkan 東アジアと『半島空間』, pp. 21–44, 2003.

Xu Zhongshu 徐中舒, ed. 1988. Jiaguwen zidian甲骨文字典 [Shell and Bone (i.e., Oracle) Character Dictionary]. Sichuan Cishu.

Further reading

Cohen, David Joel. 2001. ''The Yueshi culture, the Dong Yi, and the archaeology of ethnicity in early Bronze Age China''. Ph.D. dissertation. Dept. of Anthropology, Harvard University.

External links

东夷文化网

东夷文化及对中华文化的贡献

Category:Ancient peoples of China

fr:Yi (peuple ancien) ko:동이 ja:東夷 uk:Східні варвари zh:东夷

Name	Jang Nara
Background	solo_singer
Birth date	March 18, 1981
Origin	Seoul, South Korea
Genre	Pop
Occupation	Singer, Actress
Label	Pure Entertainment
Associated acts	SM Entertainment
Website	Official Website }}

Jang Na-ra (, born March 18, 1981) is a South Korean singer and actress. She also sings in Chinese, and is known in China by her transliterated Chinese name ().

Early life

As a child, Jang spent most of her childhood in her birthplace, Seoul, but appeared with her father in a play, ''Les Misérables'', in her primary school days, thus sparking her interest to become an actress. Jang also went on to become an advertisement model for some television advertisements in her high school days before entering into the Department of Theater, the Faculty of Fine Arts at Chungang University in March 2000.

Music career

Jang moved into a singing career by signing a contract with SM Entertainment, however SM Entertainment had dropped Jang due to assumptions that Jang would have lesser or no popularity than other competing artists. Despite SM's opinion, Jang released her first album with the title song, "Burying My Face In Tears". The album sold 300,000 copies in the process. Her pop ballad style song, ''Confession'' and the ''April Story'', was ranked at the top in various music charts. Thus, this resulted in Jang holding an MC job at MBC's music show, Music Camp.

Acting career

Jang also has a successful acting career, in which she appears in a TV sitcom "New Nonstop" with famous South Korean young stars such as Park Kyung-lim and Yang Dong Geun. Together with Jang Hyuk, she also played the leading role in a TV drama, "Successful Story of a Bright Girl", which recorded high audience rating.

In recent years, she starred in a drama in China, called "Bratty Princess". Being the lead actress, she has attracted much affection from Chinese-speaking fans and has become quite popular in Chinese-speaking countries in Asia. She has also released a few Chinese-language CDs. Her first Chinese album was a huge success and it featured her previously released Korean songs translated into Chinese. The Chinese versions of "Sweet Dream", "It's Probably Love" and "I'm A Woman Too" have become very popular on radio throughout Asia. She has performed many concerts in China, often singing both Korean and Chinese songs. Recently she released another Chinese album called "Kung Fu". The video for the song featured her in red qipao (Chinese women traditional dress), fighting villains, and dancing with a cute panda. She is also in the 2008 Olympic song "Beijing Welcomes You", as the only non-Chinese ethnic singer. In the middle of this year Jang Nara decided to ended her 6 year of hiatus by taking a leading role as Lee Seo Young who is 34 year old mistaken for being 25 in a rom-com "Baby Faced Beauty". This on-going drama also a mark for her to start her come back status in K-Drama world.

Filmography

!Year !

Film
2009	Sky and Ocean 하늘과 바다
2007	Girl's Revolution 麻雀要革命
2003	Oh! Happy Day 오! 해피데이

Drama

!Year ! Hello

Drama
2011	KBS: 동안미녀
2011	Diao Man Qiao Yu Yi 刁蛮俏御医 (Unruly Qiao)
2010	Iron Masked Singer 铁面歌女
2007	Chun Bai Zhi Lian 纯白之恋 (Good Morning Shanghai)
2005	Wedding (2005 TV series)>Wedding 웨딩
2005	CCTV: Diao Man Gong Zhu 刁蠻公主 (My Bratty Princess)
2004	MBC: Love is All Around 사랑을 할꺼야
2003	Balbari 헬로 발바리
2002	MBC: My Love Patzzi 내 사랑 팥쥐
2002	SBS: Bright Girl's Success Story 명랑소녀 성공기
2001	Nonstop (TV series)>Nonstop 2 (sitcom)

Charity and other activities

Jang does some charity work such as sending free powdered milk to the hungry North Korean children. She also works with the FHI Charity organization.

Recently, Jang held a fund-raising concert for child patients of leukemia in China. The Jang Foundation was established from the money raised during Jang's fan club meeting at her June 9 concert in Beijing, which was held to mark the 15th year of Korean-Chinese diplomatic relations. Twelve hundred seats at the concert venue sold out early. After the concert on stage, a leading Chinese charity organization appointed Jang as a goodwill ambassador, making her the first foreigner to receive such an honor.

In June 2010, Jang was appointed as an associate professor at the Beijing Huajia University (北京华嘉学院).

In 2011, Jang was appointed as Seoul’s Gangnam-gu’s ambassador to promote tourism in the area.

Discography

Albums

#

Information

Tracks

*Title: The First Story

*Released: 21/6/2001

*Sales: ''323,168''

*Language: Korean

# 고백 (Confession)

# 눈물에 얼굴을 묻는다 (Burying My Face In Tears)

# 연 (Yun)

# Make it Right

# 물고기자리 (Pisces)

# 4월이야기 (April Story)

# 눈물에 얼굴을 묻는다 (Burying My Face In Tears, String Version)

# Gloomy Sunday

# Blue

# 약속 (Promise)

# My Pain

# 지독한 사랑 (Vicious Love)

*Title: Sweet Dream

*Released: 2/10/2002

*Sales: ''411,253''

*Language: Korean

# Sweet Dream

# 아마도사랑이겠죠 (Amado Sarangigetjyo, "Perhaps Love")

# 혼자서도 잘해요 (Honjaseodo Jalhaeyo, "I Can Do It Well By Myself")

# Pinekiss

# 철부지 (Cheolbuji, "A Mere Child")

# Ending

# I'll be there for you

# 뙈지아가 (Ttwaejiaga, "Pig Baby")

# 물망초 (Mulmangcho, "A Forget-Me-Not")

# 사막한가운데서 (Samakhangaundeseo, "In The Middle of the Desert")

# Snowman

# 다시 받아주겠니? (Dasi Badajugenni? "Can You Accept Me Again?")

# 바람아 멈추어다오 (Barama Meomchueodao, "Please Stop the Wind")

# 아마도 사랑이겠죠 (Amado Sarangigetjyo, "Perhaps Love") (Radio edit)

# Snowman (Radio edit)

*Title: The Third Story

*Released: December 2003

*Sales: ''161,103''

*Language: Korean

# We

# 별이 빛나는 밤에

# 기도 (Last Pray)

# 10년이 지난 후 나는

# 그게 정말이니?

# 나도 여자랍니다

# 키키

# My Boy

# 약속

# 늘 그래왔듯이

# Say Good-Bye

# 눈물로 남을텐데

# 그게 정말이니 (Band ver.)

# 별이 빛나는 밤에(Ver.2)

*Title: My Story

*Released: December 2004

*Sales: ''28,940''

*Language: Korean

# Intro

# 달팽이 (Snail)

# 겨울일기 (Winter diary)

# I Love School

# Always

# 이젠 괜찮아요 (Now no problem at all)

# 혹시라도 (Perhaps)

# 모시는 글 (Mosin Gul)

# 연인 (Duet with 신혜성) (Lover, Duet with Shin Hye Sung (Shinhwa))

# 사랑하기 좋은 날 (Good Day to Love)

# 겨울일기 (Bossa Nova.ver) (Winter diary)

# 나 (I)

# Make it right

# 飛不起來(페이부치라이) (중국드라마'은색연화'주제가) (Cannot fly—Chinese soap opera ' Silver time passage ' Theme song)

*Title: She

*Released: February 23, 2007

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

# 사랑 부르기 (Calling out love)

# 마음을 잃다 (Losing one's mind)

# You & I

# 손톱 (Fingernails)

# 가면무도회 ft. HaHa (A Masquerade)

# 사랑을 향합니다 (Towards love)

# Everything for you

# Tonight

# 이젠 말해볼까 (Shall we talk about it now?)

# 당신의 모든 것을 사랑합니다 (I love everything about you)

# 사랑 부르기 (Acoustic Ver.) (Calling out love)

*Title: Dream of Asia

*'''Released: March 27, 2008

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Languages: Korean,

Information

Tracks

*Title: Jang Nara and Friends

*Released: April, 2003

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

#오 해피데이 (영화‘오 해피데이’삽입곡)

#피노키오

#그날이후 (영화 ‘오 해피데이’ 삽입곡)

#friend (Solo Version)

#and

#lately

#Will be mine

#luv n u

#today

#friend (Duet Version)

#부디

#그래요

#아무것도 아닌 이야기

#다시

*Title: 一张

*Released: February 1, 2005

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Chinese

#风儿啊！请你停下来 (Wind, please stop)

#全世界下雨 (The whole world is raining)

#娜拉In China

#飞不起来 (Unable to fly)

#Sweet Dream

#恋爱宣言

#我也是女人 (I am also a woman)

#甜蜜蜜 (Sweet)

#可能是爱情 (It's probably love)

#Ends

*Title: Gong Fu

*Released: December 21, 2005

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Chinese

# 对不起不爱你 (Sorry, I don't love you)

# 功夫

# 爱上你全部 (Loving all of you)

# 我要你崇拜

# 梦飞翔

# Everyday

# 危险恋人

# 天边

# 出乎预料

# 烦着呢

*Title: Ladylike

*Released: December 29, 2006

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

#안 행복해 (I’m not happy)

#그렇담 Good-bye (Then good-bye)

*Title: It's Alright (Ah Hyeon Dong's Madam OST)

*Released: February 14, 2008

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

# It's alright

# It's alright(instrumental)

Awards

2003 Singer of the Year (Korea) CCTV-MTV Music Honors

2002 KBS Music Awards

2002 MBC Singer Award

15th International Chunsa Film Festival: Hallyu Grand Award

References

External links

Official Website

Official English Website

Official Taiwan Website

Official Chinese Blog

Official Chinese MicroBlog

[[Category:1981 births">Mandarin language

CD 01 [Korean / Japanese / English] # 신기루 (Mirage) # Jump!!Jump!! # 흉터 (Scar) # 미련한 미련이란 것이 (Stupidity What Is Stupidity) # Thinkin’ Of You # 거짓말쟁이 (Liar) # Long Good-Bye # 달맞이 꽃 (Evening Primrose) # 눈의 아이 (Snow Child) # 결혼할래요 - feat. 박묵환 / Park Moon Hwan # Shining Day # Fairytale [English Version] # 신기루 (しんきろう) [Japanese Version] (Mirage) # Jump!!Jump!! [Japanese Version] # We [Japanese Version]

CD 02 [Mandarin / Cantonese] # 우리들의 꿈 / 我們的夢想 / Wo Men De Meng Xiang (Our Dream) # 독신주의 / 獨身主意 # 신기루 / 海市蜃樓 / Hai Shi Shen Lou (Mirage) # Jump!!Jump!! / 跳!跳! / Tiao!Tiao! # 남은 건 추억뿐 / 只剩下從前 # 나를 따라 해 봐 / 跟我走 / Gen Wo Zou (Follow Me) # 못된 성질 / 大脾氣 / Da Pi Qi # 멈춘 사랑 / 停愛 / Ting Ai # 조금만 / 一点点 / Yi Dian Dian # 달빛은 내 마음을 대신해 / 月亮代表我的心 / Yue Liang Dai Biao Wo De Xin [Cantonese Version] # 달빛은 내 마음을 대신해 / 月亮代表我的心 / Yue Liang Dai Biao Wo De Xin [Mandarin Live Version] (Teresa Teng Cover)

Others

Information

Tracks

*Title: Jang Nara and Friends

*Released: April, 2003

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

#오 해피데이 (영화‘오 해피데이’삽입곡)

#피노키오

#그날이후 (영화 ‘오 해피데이’ 삽입곡)

#friend (Solo Version)

#and

#lately

#Will be mine

#luv n u

#today

#friend (Duet Version)

#부디

#그래요

#아무것도 아닌 이야기

#다시

*Title: 一张

*Released: February 1, 2005

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Chinese

#风儿啊！请你停下来 (Wind, please stop)

#全世界下雨 (The whole world is raining)

#娜拉In China

#飞不起来 (Unable to fly)

#Sweet Dream

#恋爱宣言

#我也是女人 (I am also a woman)

#甜蜜蜜 (Sweet)

#可能是爱情 (It's probably love)

#Ends

*Title: Gong Fu

*Released: December 21, 2005

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Chinese

# 对不起不爱你 (Sorry, I don't love you)

# 功夫

# 爱上你全部 (Loving all of you)

# 我要你崇拜

# 梦飞翔

# Everyday

# 危险恋人

# 天边

# 出乎预料

# 烦着呢

*Title: Ladylike

*Released: December 29, 2006

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

#안 행복해 (I’m not happy)

#그렇담 Good-bye (Then good-bye)

*Title: It's Alright (Ah Hyeon Dong's Madam OST)

*Released: February 14, 2008

*Sales: ''N/A''

*Language: Korean

# It's alright

# It's alright(instrumental)

Awards

2003 Singer of the Year (Korea) CCTV-MTV Music Honors

2002 KBS Music Awards

2002 MBC Singer Award

15th International Chunsa Film Festival: Hallyu Grand Award

References

External links

Official Website

Official English Website

Official Taiwan Website

Official Chinese Blog

Official Chinese MicroBlog

[[Category:1981 births Category:Chung-Ang University alumni Category:K-pop singers Category:Korean Mandopop singers Category:Living people Category:People from Seoul Category:South Korean female singers Category:South Korean film actors Category:South Korean pop singers Category:South Korean television actors

zh-min-nan:Jang Nara es:Jang Nara fr:Jang Nara ko:장나라 id:Jang Nara it:Jang Nara ja:チャン・ナラ tl:Jang Na-ra th:จาง นารา vi:Jang Na-ra zh:張娜拉

Name	Queen Inhyeon
Title	Queen Consort of Joseon
Birth date	1667
Birth place	Yeoju County, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon
Death date	1701
Death place	Changdeok Palace, Korea
Father	Min Yoo-jung
Mother	Lady Soong
Spouse	King Sukjong of Joseon
Succession	Queen Consort of Joseon
Reign	1681 – 5 March 1688 (7 years)
Reign-type	Tenure
Sucession1	Queen Consort of Joseon
Reign1	1694 – 1701 (7 years)
Reign1-type	Tenure
Place of burial	Myeongreung, Gyeonggi Province }}

Hangul	인현왕후
Hanja	仁顯王后
Rr	Inhyeon Wanghu
Mr	Inhyŏn Wanghu }}

Queen Inhyeon (Hangul: 인현왕후, Hanja: 仁顯王后) (1667–1701) was the second Queen consort of King Sukjong of Joseon and one of the best known Queens of the Joseon Dynasty. Her life has been portrayed in many Korean historical dramas.

Biography

Born into the Yeoheung Min clan, she was the second daughter of Min Yu-jung (Hangul: 민유중, Hanja: 閔維重) (1630–1687) and his second wife, Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan.

She married King Sukjong as his second Queen Consort in 1681, at the age of 14. When ''so-ui'' However, Jang Ok-jeong produced a son in 1688, it created a bloody dispute called ''Gisa literati purges'' (기사사화). During this time, Sukjong wanted to give this eldest son (entitled the ''wonja'', literally the "First Son") the title of "Crown Prince" and wanted to promote Lady Jang from ''So-ui'' to ''Hui-bin''.

This action was opposed by the ''Noron'' faction, which supports Queen Inhyeon led by Song Si-yeol, and this was supported by the ''Soron'' faction, which supports Lady Jang. Sukjong became angry at the opposition, and many were killed including Song Si-yeol. Many, including Inhyeon and her family, were forced into exile. Queen Inhyeon was deposed, while Jang ''so-ui'' became Jang ''hui-bin'', and then became the third Queen Consort.

Later in 1694, Sukjong, feeling remorse at his temperamental actions, gave in to a movement for Inhyeon's reinstatement, which was led by the ''Soron'' (this event was called the ''Gapsul Hwanguk'' (갑술환국)) She was brought back to the palace and was reinstated as Queen Consort, with Lady Jang being demoted to ''hui-bin''.

In 1701, aged 34, she became ill and died of an unknown disease (some sources say that she was poisoned).

It has been said that Sukjong, while mourning for Inhyeon, dreamed of her in a ''sobok dress'' drenched with blood. Sukjong asked Inhyeon of how she died, but Inhyeon didn't say anything, but pointed in to the direction of Jang ''Hui-bin'''s chambers. Sukjong awoke, then went into Jang's chambers. While approaching, he heard music and sounds of laughter. Eavesdropping, he saw Jang ''Hui-bin'' with Shamanist priestesses in her chambers, praying for the Queen's death, while striking a figurine with arrows. When this was discovered by Sukjong, Lady Jang was executed for her actions by poison.

One of the Queen's ladies in waiting wrote a book called ''Inhyeon Wanghu Jeon'' (Hangul: 인현왕후전, Hanja: 仁顯王后傳, ''Queen Inhyeon's Story''), which still exists today. She is buried in Myeongreung (명릉) in Gyeonggi Province, and Sukjong was later buried near her in the same area. She has no issue to Sukjong.

Full posthumous name

Hyogyeong Sukseong Jangsun Wonhwa Uiyeol Jeongmok Inhyeon Wanghu

효경숙성장순원화의열정목인현왕후

孝敬淑聖莊純元化懿烈貞穆仁顯王后

Family

Father

*Min Yu-jung (Hangul: (민유중), Hanja: 閔維重)

Mother

*Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (Hangul: 은진 송씨, Hanja: 恩津 宋氏), Min Yu-jung's second wife

Siblings

*Min Jin-hu (Hangul: 민진후, Hanja: 閔鎭厚) (1659–1720), great-great-great-grandfather of Empress Myeongseong

*Min Jin-won (Hangul: 민진원, Hanja: 閔鎭遠) (1664–1736)

*Lady Min (Hangul: 민씨, Hanja: 閔氏), Min Yu-jung's eldest daughter

*Lady Min (Hangul: 민씨, Hanja: 閔氏), Min Yu-jung's third daughter

Trivia

Inhyeon's eldest brother Min Jin-hu's great-great-great-granddaughter would eventually marry Inhyeon's step-great-great-great-great-adoptive-grandson, the future Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire, becoming the famous Empress Myeongseong. Emperor Gojong's mother, Lady Yeoheung, was also a member of the Yeoheung Min clan (a great-great-granddaughter of Inhyeon's second brother Min Jin-won).

References

Category:Joseon Dynasty people Category:17th-century Korean people Category:1667 births Category:Korean royal consorts Category:1701 deaths

ko:인현왕후 id:Ratu Inhyeon ja:仁顕王后 zh:仁顯王后

name	Han Hyo-joo
birth date	February 22, 1987
birth place	Cheongju, North Chungcheong, South Korea
agent	BH Entertainment
occupation	Actress, model
years active	2003–present
height
alma mater	Dongguk University (BFA)

}}

Han Hyo-joo (Korean: 한효주, born February 22, 1987) is a South Korean actress and model. She made her debut in the sitcom ''Nonstop 5''.

Career

Han was first discovered in a teenage beauty pageant in 2003. She began her acting career in the sitcom ''Nonstop 5'' and the gangster comedy ''My Boss, My Teacher''. Han raised her profile by being cast in ''Spring Waltz'', the fourth and final installment of TV director Yoon Suk-ho's Season Dramas series, following ''Autumn in My Heart'', ''Winter Sonata'' and ''Summer Scent''. Though it received low ratings in Korea, ''Spring Waltz'' was exported to and aired in other Asian countries, including Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore and the Philippines.

In 2006 director Lee Yoon-ki cast the newbie in the starring role in his low-budget indie ''Ad-lib Night'', which follows a young woman who rediscovers herself through an eerie overnight encounter with strangers. Han followed that with two highly successful TV projects - KBS daily drama ''Like Land and Sky'' in 2007 and SBS masked-adventurer series ''Iljimae'' in 2008. She made another independent film, ''Ride Away'', which debuted at the 2008 Jeonju International Film Festival.

Han filmed the collaborative Korean-Japanese telecinema production ''Heaven's Postman'' in 2008, which also featured popstar Kim Jaejoong from TVXQ. After several postponements, the telecinema was released in late 2009.

In 2009 her Cinderella drama ''Brilliant Legacy'' (co-starring Lee Seung Gi) became a massive hit, reaching a peak viewership rating of 47.1%. Since the drama's conclusion, Han has experienced a sharp rise in endorsement deals and media requests for interviews.

Following her success on ''Brilliant Legacy'', Han was slated to assume the lead female role in the drama ''Chuno''. However, she withdrew from the drama prior to production allegedly due to issues relating to her management and salary.

In September 2009 Han wrapped up her starring role in the musical drama ''Soul Special'', which also stars K.Will in his acting debut. The drama aired in twelve five-minute segments on various online portals, with KBS airing the entire drama in four parts.

Her most recent role was as the titular character in ''Dong Yi'', MBC's 49th Anniversary Project. Han won several acting awards for her portrayal as Choi Suk Bin.

Han will star opposite So Ji-sub in the melodrama ''Only You''. So plays a former boxer with a rough personality who makes a living by delivering water and managing a parking lot while Han is a woman who may be going blind but is strong in spirit. The film, which is helmed by critically acclaimed director Song Il-gon is set to premiere around late half of this year.

Personal life

Han Hyo-joo attends Dongguk University, where she majors in the theatre and film department. Her hobbies include singing and writing and her talents are playing the piano, telling fairy tales, writing, running and fencing. Han has a younger brother.

Filmography

Title 논스톱5 Nonstop 5 투사부일체 My Boss, My Teacher 봄의 왈츠 Spring Waltz 아주 특별한 손님 Ad-lib Night 하늘만큼 땅만큼 Like Land and Sky 달려라 자전거 Ride Away 멋진 하루 My Dear Enemy 일지매 Iljimae 찬란한 유산 Brilliant Legacy 쏘울 스페셜 Soul Special Telecinema 천국의 우편 배달부 Heaven's Postman 동이 Dong Yi (Korean drama) 오직 그대만 Only You (2011 film)

Year	|	Role	Network or Film
2005	|	Han Hyo Joo	Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation>MBC
2006	|	Yoo Mi Jung	Film
2006	|	Chu Eun Young	KBS2
2006	|	the Girl	Film
2007	|	Suk Ji Soo	KBS1
2008	|	Im Ha Jung	Film
2008	|	Woman at the bus stop/Voice on the phone (cameo)	Film
2008	|	Eun Chae	Seoul Broadcasting System>SBS
2009	|	Go Eun Sung	Seoul Broadcasting System>SBS
2009	|	Jin Mi Ah	Korean Broadcasting System>KBS
2009	|	Jo Hana / Saki	Film
2010	Dong Yi ||	Choi Dong Yi (Suk bin Choi)	Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation>MBC
2011	Only You||	Ha Jeong Hwa	Film

MC

2005 - 2006: 인기가요 ''Popular Song'' (SBS) MC

Music Videos

2004: 사랑해요 ''I Love You'' by Simply Sunday

2005: 그대가 세상에 있는 것 만으로 by Position

2005: Paris by Epik High

2006: 이별은 ''Farewell is...'' by U

2006: Tree by Kwon Jin Won

2009: 남잔 다 그래 by Lee Woo Sang

2009: 헤어져 ''Break up'' by As One

2009: 사랑한단 말을 못해서 ''Because I Couldn't Say that I Love You'' by K.Will

2009: 너 정말이니 ''Are You Serious?'' by Rumble Fish

2009: 왈칵눈물이 ''Sudden Burst of Tears'' by Han Hyo Joo (feat. Gan-D)

TV Commercials / Advertisements

2005: Anti-smoking Campaign Crencia 2005: Han Game Pizza Hut 2006: CYOU Soju Green Time Green Tea 2006: Enprani Cosmetics 2008: Samchuly Maxim Coffee 2008: Korean Air Baskin Robbins 2009: Jambangee LG SU:M 37' 2009: VIKI Nong Shim Natural Snacks

2009: Samsung VLUU Digital Camera

2009: Cello Kia Soul 2010: Yoplait Lotte Card 2010: Mr. Pizza 2011: Head Sports LOVCAT Paris

Awards

!Year	!Awards
2003		*Binggrae Smile Awards: First Prize
2006		*26th Korean Screen Critics Awards: Best New Actress (''Ad-lib Night'')
2007		*20th Singapore International Film Festival: Best Actress (''Ad-lib Night'')	*Korea's Best Dressed Awards	*KBS Drama Awards: Best Couple Award with Park Hae Jin (''Like Land and Sky'')	*KBS Drama Awards: Popularity Award (''Like Land and Sky'')
2008		*SBS Drama Awards: New Star Award (''Iljimae'')
2009		*Mnet 20's Choice Awards: Hot Female Drama Star (''Brilliant Legacy'')	*SBS Drama Awards: Best Couple Award with Lee Seung Gi (''Brilliant Legacy'')	*SBS Drama Awards: Best Actress for Excellence Award and Special Planning Drama (''Brilliant Legacy'')	*SBS Drama Awards: Top Ten Stars Award (''Brilliant Legacy'')
2010		*5th Seoul Drama Awards: Hallyu Special Award for Actress (''Brilliant Legacy'')	Dong Yi (Korean drama)>Dong Yi'')	Dong Yi (Korean drama)>Dong Yi'')	Dong Yi (Korean drama)>Dong Yi'')
2011		Baeksang Arts Awards: Best Actress (Drama) (''Dong Yi (Korean drama)>Dong Yi'')

References

External links

Han Hyo-Joo's Official Homepage in BH Entertainment Han Hyo Joo Cyworld daum Official fan cafe 〈T.E.A〉- The bEst Actress Han Hyo Joo♡ DCinside Han Hyo-Joo Gallery

韓孝珠中文網Han hyo joo (Chinese)

Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:South Korean film actors Category:South Korean television actors Category:South Korean female models

ko:한효주 hu:Han Hjodzsu ja:ハン・ヒョジュ tl:Han Hyo Joo vi:Han Hyo-joo zh:韓孝珠