Coordinates	30°03′19″N101°57′53″N
Hangul	조승우
Hanja
Rr	Jo Seung-u
Mr	Cho Sŭng'u }}

Jo Seung-woo (born February 12, 1980) is a South Korean actor and musical star best known for his roles in ''Marathon'' and ''Tazza: The High Rollers''.

Career

Jo Seung-woo grew up in a musical family: his father Jo Kyung-soo is a singer, and his older sister Jo Seo-yeon acts in musicals. Jo himself also dreamed of becoming a musical actor from an early age, however in 1999 while a student at Dankook University he was persuaded to join auditions for Im Kwon-taek's film ''Chunhyang'', and he ended up winning the part from among a field of 1000 actors. ''Chunhyang'' would screen as the first Korean film in competition at Cannes, although domestically it failed to attract much of an audience.

Jo did go on to appear in musicals after his film debut, acting in local productions ''Subway Line 1'' and ''The Last Empress.'' Soon he was drawn back into the film industry, however, with a key supporting role in ''Wanee and Junah'' (2001), plus leading roles in ''Who Are You'' (2002) and Kwak Jae-yong's popular ''The Classic'' (2003). Particularly after ''The Classic'' his popularity continued to grow, and in 2004 he appeared in Im Kwon-taek's 99th film ''Low Life'', which flopped at the box office.). He then headlined ''Tazza: The High Rollers'', the 2006 film adaptation of Huh Young-man's manhwa, which went on to become one of the biggest Korean blockbuster hits of all time. Jo made his comeback in the 2010 production of ''Jekyll and Hyde''. The musical is especially meaningful to Jo since the actor rose to stardom when the show premiered in Korea in 2004. Jo's much-anticipated return to the stage was marked with controversy following reports that his salary would be the highest for any musical theater actor in Korean history. While producers fear that demands for similarly high fees could follow (which could eventually put them out of business), others say that the fee is justified, based on the hope that Jo will help spark a renaissance in a once vibrant but now stagnant musical theater industry. And true enough, when tickets went on sale, the demand was so high that the online reservation server broke down after 15 minutes, with all of the performances in which Jo is scheduled to appear already sold out.

Jo has signed on to several projects. Sports movie ''The Perfect Game'' will revisit one of the most exciting matches in Korean baseball history, between Choi Dong-won of the Haitai Tigers and Sun Dong-ryeol of the Lotte Giants in the summer of 1987, which ended in a tie after being extended 15 innings; the rivalry between the two was further heated up by regionalism at the time with Choi representing the Jeolla Province and Sun, the Gyeongsang Province. Jo will star as Choi opposite Yang Dong-geun as Sun. Jo has also been cast in actress Goo Hye-sun's sophomore directorial effort ''Peach Tree'', and will be taking on the lead role in the musical ''Zorro''.

Filmography

2000 ''Chunhyang''

2001 아미지몽 (我美之夢)

2001 ''Wanee and Junah''

2002 ''Who R. U.?''

2002 ''YMCA Baseball Team''

2002 ''H''

2003 ''The Classic''

2004 ''Low Life''

2005 ''Marathon''

2006 ''Love Phobia''

2006 ''Tazza: The High Rollers''

2008 ''Go Go 70s''

2009 ''The Sword with No Name''

2011 ''Peach Tree''

2011 ''The Perfect Game''

Musical theatre

''Blood Brothers''

''The Last Empress''

''Line 1'' (2001, 2006)

''The Sorrows of Young Werther''

''Carmen''

''Jekyll & Hyde'' (2004, 2005, 2006, 2010-2011)

''Hedwig and the Angry Inch'' (2005, 2007, 2008)

''Rent'' (2007)

''Man of La Mancha'' (2007)

''I Am Sam'' (2008)

''Zorro'' (2011-2012)

Awards

2002 Korea Musical Awards: Best New Actor

2004 Korea Musical Awards: Best Actor

2005 Baeksang Arts Awards: Best Actor (''Marathon'')

2005 Grand Bell Awards: Popularity Award (''Marathon'')

2005 Grand Bell Awards: Best Actor (''Marathon'')

2005 Premiere Rising Star Award

2005 Pusan Film Critics Awards: Best Actor (''Marathon'')

2005 China Golden Rooster and Hundred Flowers Film Festival: Best Actor (''Marathon'')

2005 Blue Dragon Film Awards: Popularity Award (''Marathon'')

2005 Korea Advertisers Association: Good Model Award

2006 University Film Festival of Korea: Man of the Year Award

2007 Korea Movie Star Awards: Best Actor (''Tazza: The High Rollers'')

2007 Korea Musical Awards: Popularity Award

2008 The Musical Awards: Best Actor

2011 The Musical Awards: Best Actor (''Jekyll & Hyde'')

References

External links

Category:South Korean film actors Category:South Korean stage actors Category:South Korean musical theatre actors Category:Dankook University alumni Category:1980 births Category:Living people

ko:조승우 ja:チョ・スンウ

Coordinates	30°03′19″N101°57′53″N
name	Shin Min-ah
birth name	Yang Min-a
birth date	April 05, 1984
birth place	Seongnam, Gyeonggi, South Korea
occupation	Actress, Model, Singer
years active	2001 – present
height

}} Shin Min-a (, born April 5, 1984), is a South Korean actress, model, and singer.

Career

Shin Mina debuted as a model for KiKi Magazine and has since appeared in many commercial and films advertisements, becoming one of the most in-demand commercial and films endorsers in South Korea.

Notable among her forays into branded entertainment is the 2008 multi-episode ''Summer Days'' opposite Hyun Bin and Ryu Seung-beom for LG Xnote featuring music by Yoo Hee-Yeol, as well as ''Friends & Love'', a movie-style extended advertisement for Giordano in 2011 costarring Jung Woo-sung and So Ji-sub.

In 2008, Shin became the first Asian celebrity to do a photoshoot with a Calvin Klein model. The spread with Jamie Dornan was shot in Milan, Italy, and published in the September 2009 issue of ''Elle Korea''.

A performing arts major at Dongguk University, Shin has also appeared in numerous K-Pop music videos, contributed her vocals to several singles and soundtracks, and has published a travel book titled ''Mina's French Diary''.

Despite her many activities, Shin considers acting her primary vocation, starring in numerous films and TV dramas.

Filmography

Television series

! Year	! Title	! Role
2001		Lee Min-ji
2003		Jang Yu-bin
2005		Cha Eun-seok
2007	''
! Year	! Title	! Role
2001	''[[Volcano High">Ma Wang	Seo Hae-in
2010		Mi-ho

Films

! Year	! Title	! Role
2001	''[[Volcano High''	Yoo Chae-yi
2003	''Madeleine''	Hee-jin
	''A Bittersweet Life''	Hee-soo
''Sad Movie''	Ahn Su-eun
''The Beast and the Beauty''	Jang Hae-ju
2007	''My Mighty Princess''	Kang So-hwi / Ok-soon
2008	''Go Go 70s''	Mimi
	''The Naked Kitchen''	Ahn Mo-rae
''Sisters on the Road''	Park Myung-eun
	Jo Yoo-jin

Discography

''My Happy Day'' (track from ''Summer Days'' mini-album, 2008)

밤차 (track from ''Go Go 70s'' OST, 2008)

''One Year Later'' (track from ''The Naked Kitchen'' OST, 2009)

''Miracle Blue'' (digital single & track from Loveholics' ''In the Air'' album, 2009)

''Sha la la'' (track from ''My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox'' OST, 2010)

''I Can Give You All'' (track from ''My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox'' OST, 2010)

Awards

2003 SBS Drama Awards - New Star Award (''Punch'')

2006 Christian Dior's Timeless Beauty Awards - Recipient

2008 University Film Festival of Korea - Best Supporting Actress (''Go Go 70s'')

2009 Max Movie Awards - Best Actress (''Go Go 70s'')

2009 Chunsa Film Art Awards - Best Actress (''Go Go 70s'')

2009 Style Icon Awards - Female Cyon New Chocolate Fashionista

2009 Mnet 20's Choice Awards - Hot Fashionista

2010 TVCF Awards - CF Model Award for 2009

2010 Korean Advertisers Association Awards - Good Model Award

2010 Style Icon Awards - Style Icon Actress

2010 SBS Drama Awards - Best Actress, Drama Special (''My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox'')

2010 SBS Drama Awards - Top Ten Stars (''My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox'')

2010 SBS Drama Awards - Best Couple Award with Lee Seung Gi (''My Girlfriend is a Nine-Tailed Fox'')

2011 TVCF Awards - CF Model Award for 2010

References

External links

Shin Min-a Official Website http://blogbymina.com/ daum Official Fan Cafe ♡Min-a angel♡

Shin Min Ah Blog

Category:South Korean film actors Category:South Korean television actors Category:South Korean female models Category:South Korean idols Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:Dongguk University alumni

ko:신민아 zh:新慜娥

Coordinates	30°03′19″N101°57′53″N
name	Seung-Hui Cho
occupation	Student
birth date	January 18, 1984
birth place	Seoul, South Korea
death date	April 16, 2007
death place	Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
cause	Suicide
date	April 16, 2007
time	7:15 a.m. and 9:40-9:51 a.m.
targets	Students and teachers
locations	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, U.S.A.
fatalities	33 (including himself)
injuries	25
weapons	Glock 19, Walther P22 }}

Hangul	조승희
Hanja
Rr	Jo Seung-hui
Mr	Cho Sŭnghŭi
Text
Tablewidth	267 }}

Seung-Hui Cho (January 18, 1984 – April 16, 2007) was a senior-level undergraduate student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University who killed 32 people and wounded 17 others on April 16, 2007, in the shooting rampage which came to be known as the "Virginia Tech massacre." Cho later committed suicide after law enforcement officers breached the doors of the building where the majority of the shooting had taken place. Cho's body is buried in Fairfax, Virginia.

Born in South Korea, Cho arrived in the United States at the age of 8 with his family. He became a US permanent resident as a South Korean national.

In middle school, he was diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorder known as selective mutism, as well as major depressive disorder. After this diagnosis he began receiving treatment and continued to receive therapy and special education support until his junior year of high school. During Cho's last two years at Virginia Tech, several instances of his abnormal behavior, as well as plays and other writings he submitted containing references to violence, caused concern among teachers and classmates.

In the aftermath of the Virginia Tech massacre, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine convened a panel consisting of various officials and experts to investigate and examine the response and handling of issues related to the shootings. The panel released its final report in August 2007, devoting more than 30 pages to detailing Cho's troubled history. In the report, the panel criticized the failure of the educators and mental health professionals who came into contact with Cho during his college years to notice his deteriorating condition and help him. The panel also criticized misinterpretations of privacy laws and gaps in Virginia's mental health system and gun laws. In addition, the panel faulted Virginia Tech administrators in particular for failing to take immediate action after the first shootings. Nevertheless, the report did acknowledge that Cho was still primarily responsible for not seeking assistance and for his murderous rampage.

Background

Cho and his family lived in a basement apartment in Seoul, South Korea. Cho's father was self-employed as a bookstore owner, but made minimum wages from the venture. Seeking better education and opportunities for his children, Cho's father emigrated to the United States in September 1992 with his wife and three children. Cho was eight years old at the time. The family first lived in Maryland, then moved to the Washington metropolitan area after learning that it had one of the largest Korean communities in the country, particularly in Northern Virginia. Cho's family settled in Centreville, an unincorporated community in western Fairfax County, Virginia about west of Washington, D.C. Cho's father and mother opened a dry-cleaning business in Centreville. After the family moved to Centreville, Cho and his family became permanent residents of the United States as South Korean nationals. His parents became members of a local Christian church, and Cho himself was raised as a member of the religion, although he "railed against his parents' strong Christian faith." According to one report, Cho Seung-hui had left a note in his dormitory which contains a rant referencing Christianity and denigrating "rich kids." He stated that "Thanks to you I died like Jesus Christ, to inspire generations of the weak and defenseless people."

Family concerns about Cho's behavior during childhood

A few members of Cho's family, those who remained in South Korea, had concerns about his behavior during his early childhood. Cho's relatives thought that he was selectively mute or mentally ill. According to Cho's uncle, Cho "didn’t say much and did not mix with other children." Cho's maternal great-aunt, Kim Yang-soon, described Cho as "cold" and a cause of family concern from as young as eight years old. According to Kim, who met him twice, Cho was extremely shy and "just would not talk at all." He was otherwise considered "well-behaved", readily obeying verbal commands and cues. The great-aunt said she knew something was wrong after the family's departure for the United States because she heard frequent updates about Cho's older sister but little news about Cho. During an ABC News ''Nightline'' interview on August 30, 2007, Cho's grandfather reported his concerns about Cho's behavior during childhood. According to Cho's grandfather, Cho never looked up to him to make eye contact, never called him grandfather, and never moved to embrace him.

Behavior in school

Cho attended Poplar Tree Elementary School in Chantilly, an unincorporated, small community in Fairfax County. According to Kim Gyeong-won, who met Cho in the fifth grade and took classes with him, Cho finished the three-year program at Poplar Tree Elementary School in one and a half years. Cho was noted for being good at mathematics and English, and teachers pointed to him as an example for other students. At that time, according to Kim, nobody disliked Cho and he "was recognized by friends as a boy of knowledge;... a good dresser who was popular with the girls." Kim added that "I only have good memories about him." An acquaintance noted that "Every time he came home from school he would cry and throw tantrums saying he never wanted to return to school" when Cho first came to America in about the second grade.

Cho attended secondary schools in Fairfax County, including Ormond Stone Middle School in Centreville and Westfield High School in Chantilly, and by eighth grade had been diagnosed with selective mutism, a social anxiety disorder which inhibited him from speaking. Through high school, he was teased for his shyness and unusual speech patterns. Some classmates even offered their lunch money to Cho just to hear him talk. According to Chris Davids, a high school classmate in Cho's English class at Westfield High School, Cho looked down and refused to speak when called upon. Davids added that, after one teacher threatened to give Cho a failing grade for not participating in class, he began reading in a strange, deep voice that sounded "like he had something in his mouth. [...] The whole class started laughing and pointing and saying, 'Go back to China.'" Another classmate, Stephanie Roberts, stated that "there were just some people who were really cruel to him, and they would push him down and laugh at him. He didn't speak English really well, and they would really make fun of him." Cho was also teased as the "trombone kid" for his practice of walking to school alone with his trombone. Other students recall crueler names and that most of the bullying was because he was alone. Christopher Chomchird and Carmen Blandon, former classmates of Cho, stated that they heard rumors of a "hit list" of other students Cho wanted to kill. Blandon stated that she saw the "list" as a joke at the time. While several students recalled instances of Cho being teased and mocked at Westfield, most left him alone and later said they were not aware of his anger. Cho graduated from Westfield High School in 2003.

In 1999, during the spring of Cho's eighth grade year, the Columbine High School massacre made national news. Cho was transfixed by it. "I remember sitting in Spanish class with him, right next to him, and there being something written on his binder to the effect of, you know, ' 'F' you all, I hope you all burn in hell,' which I would assume meant us, the students," said Ben Baldwin, a classmate of Cho. Also, Cho wrote in a school assignment about wanting to "repeat Columbine". The school contacted Cho's sister, who reported the incident to their parents. Cho was sent to a psychiatrist.

Selective-mutism diagnosis

Immediately after the incident, reports carried speculation by family members in Korea that Cho was autistic. However, no known record exists of Cho ever being diagnosed with autism, nor could an autism diagnosis be verified with Cho's parents. The Virginia Tech Review Panel report dismissed an autism diagnosis and experts later doubted the autism claim.

More than four months after the attack, the ''Wall Street Journal'' reported on August 20, 2007 that Cho had been diagnosed with selective mutism. The Virginia Tech Review Panel report, also released in August 2007, placed this diagnosis in the spring of Cho's eighth grade year, and his parents sought treatment for him through medication and therapy. In high school, Cho was placed in special education under the 'emotional disturbance' classification. He was excused from oral presentations and participation in class conversation and received 50 minutes a month of speech therapy. He continued receiving mental health therapy as well until his junior year, when Cho rejected further therapy.

To address his problems, Cho's parents also took him to church. According to a pastor at Centreville Korean Presbyterian Church, Cho was a smart student who understood the Bible, but he was concerned about Cho's difficulty in speaking to people. The pastor added that, until he saw the video that Cho sent to NBC News, he never heard him say a complete sentence. The pastor also recalled that he told Cho's mother that he speculated Cho was autistic and he asked her to take him to a hospital, but she declined.

Forbidden by federal law to disclose (without Cho's permission) any record of disability or treatment, Westfield officials disclosed none of Cho's speech and anxiety-related problems to Virginia Tech.

The lack of speech that resulted in the diagnosis of selective mutism could have been an early indication that Cho was developing schizophrenia. One symptom of schizophrenia is what is known as "poverty of speech," referring to a marked deficit in the amount of talking in which the person engages. In addition, Cho's manifesto provides evidence of both paranoid and grandiose delusions. Such symptoms are also associated with schizophrenia, and it has been argued that Cho was schizophrenic.

Demeanor at Virginia Tech

In his freshman year at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Cho enrolled as an undergraduate major in business information technology a program that included "a combination of computer science and management coursework offered by the Pamplin College of Business." The program was listed as No. 6 on the "list of majors with the highest median starting salary after graduation." By his senior year, Cho was majoring in English. Virginia Tech declined to divulge details about Cho's academic record and why he changed his major, citing privacy laws.

At the time of the attacks, Cho lived with five roommates in Suite 2121, a three-room dormitory at Harper Hall, located just west of West Ambler Johnston Hall on the Virginia Tech campus.

Relationship with professors

Professor Nikki Giovanni, who taught Cho in a poetry class, stated that she had him removed from her class because she found his behavior "menacing." She recalled that Cho had a "mean streak" and described his writing as "intimidating." After Giovanni was informed of the massacre, she remarked that "[I] knew when it happened that that's probably who it was," and "would have been shocked if it wasn't." Giovanni insisted that Cho be removed from her class in 2005, about six weeks after the semester began in September. Cho had intimidated female students by photographing their legs under their desks and by writing obscene, violent poetry. Giovanni offered that "[she] was willing to resign before [she] would continue with him." Because of her concerns about Cho, Giovanni wrote a letter to then-department head Lucinda Roy, who removed Cho from the class. Roy alerted the student affairs office, the dean's office, and the campus police, but each office responded that there was nothing they could do if Cho made no overt threats against himself or others.

Roy described Cho as "an intelligent man," and stated that he seemed to be an awkward, lonely and insecure student who never took off his sunglasses, even indoors. She described Cho's behavior as "arrogant" and "obnoxious" at times, and that she tried several different ways to help him. After Roy notified legal authorities about Cho's behavior, she urged Cho to seek counseling. Roy said that, to her knowledge, Cho never followed through with the request.

When Virginia Tech creative writing professor Lisa Norris, who taught Cho in both Advanced Fiction Writing and Contemporary Fiction, inquired about him from Mary Ann Lewis, associate dean for Liberal Arts and Human Sciences at Virginia Tech, she was not told that he was suffering from mental health problems or about prior police reports concerning the harassment of female students. Norris noted that, "my guess is that either the information was not accessible to her or it was privileged and could not be released to me." Lewis told Norris to recommend that Cho seek counseling at the on-campus Cook Counseling Center, which she had already done.

Relationship with students

Fellow students described Cho as a "quiet" person who "would not respond if someone greeted him." Student Julie Poole recalled the first day of a literature class the previous year when the students introduced themselves one by one. When it was Cho's turn to introduce himself, he did not speak. According to Poole, the professor looked at the sign-in sheet and found that, whereas everyone else had written out their names, Cho had written only a question mark. Poole added that "we just really knew him as the question mark kid".

Karan Grewal, who shared a suite with Cho at Harper Hall, reported that Cho "would sit in a wood rocker by the window [in his room at the dormitory]; and stare at the lawn below". According to Grewal, "Cho appeared to never to go [''sic''] to class or read a book during his (Cho's) senior year," adding that Cho just typed on his laptop, went to the dining hall and clipped his hair in the bathroom, cleaning up the hair afterwards. Grewal also reported that he witnessed Cho riding his bicycle in circles in the parking lot of the dormitory.

Andy Koch and John Eide, who once shared a room with Cho at Cochrane Hall during 2005 and 2006, stated that Cho demonstrated other repetitive behaviors, such as listening repeatedly to "Shine" by the alternative rock band Collective Soul. Cho wrote the song's lyrics "Teach me how to speak; Teach me how to share; Teach me where to go" on the wall of his dormitory room. Koch described two further unusual incidents, including one where Cho stood in the doorway of his room late at night taking photographs of him (Koch) and a second incident where Cho repeatedly placed harassing cell phone calls to Koch as "Cho's brother, 'Question Mark'", a name Cho also used when introducing himself to girls. Koch and Eide searched Cho's belongings and found a pocket knife, but they did not find any items that they deemed seriously threatening to them. Koch also described a telephone call that he received from Cho during the Thanksgiving holiday break from school. During that call, Koch said that Cho claimed to be "vacationing with Vladimir Putin", with Cho adding "Yeah, we're in North Carolina." In response, Koch told him "I'm pretty sure that's not possible, Seung." Because of Cho's behavior, Koch and Eide, who had earlier tried to befriend him, gradually stopped talking to him and told their friends, especially female classmates, not to visit their room.

Koch and Eide also stated that Cho was involved in at least three stalking incidents, two of which resulted in verbal warnings by the Virginia Tech campus police. The first stalking incident occurred on November 27, 2005. After the incident, according to Koch, Cho claimed to have sent an instant message online to the female student by AOL Instant Messenger and found out where she lived on the campus. Eide stated that Cho then visited her room to see if she was "cool", adding that Cho remarked that he only found "promiscuity in her eyes". Eide added that, when Cho visited the female student, Cho said, "Hi, I'm Question Mark" to her, "which really freaked her out." The female student called the campus police, complaining that Cho had sent her annoying messages and made an unannounced visit to her room. Two uniformed members of the campus police visited Cho’s room at the dormitory later that evening and warned him not to contact the female student again. Cho made no further contact with the student.

The final stalking incident came to light on December 13, 2005. In the preceding days, Cho had contacted a female friend of Koch via AIM and wrote on her door board a line from Shakespeare’s ''Romeo and Juliet'', Act 2, scene II, in which Romeo laments to Juliet:

}}

The young woman was initially unconcerned by Cho's AIM messages and the Shakespearean graffiti he left on her door board, until she was contacted by Andy Koch via AIM. Koch told her that Cho was involved in an earlier stalking incident and that, "i think he is schizophrenic" [''sic'']. Upon Koch's encouragement, the young woman contacted the campus police, who again warned Cho against further unwanted contact. After that warning, Cho made no further contact with the second female student.

Later the same day, Cho sent a text message to Koch with the words, "I might as well kill myself now." Worried that Cho was suicidal, Koch contacted his father for advice, and both of them contacted campus authorities. The campus police returned to the dormitory and escorted Cho to New River Valley Community Services Board, the Virginia mental health agency serving Blacksburg.

Psychiatric evaluation

Court-ordered psychiatric assessment

On December 13, 2005, Cho was found "mentally ill and in need of hospitalization" by New River Valley Community Services Board. The physician who examined Cho noted that he had a flat affect and depressed mood, even though Cho "denied suicidal thoughts and did not acknowledge symptoms of a thought disorder." Based on this mental health examination and because Cho was suspected of being "an imminent danger to himself or others", he was detained temporarily at Carilion St. Albans Behavioral Health Center in Radford, Virginia, pending a commitment hearing before the Montgomery County, Virginia district court.

Virginia Special Justice Paul Barnett certified in an order that Cho "presented an imminent danger to himself as a result of mental illness", but instead recommended treatment for Cho as an outpatient. On December 14, 2005, Cho was released from the mental health facility after Judge Barnett ordered Cho to undergo mental health treatment on an outpatient basis, with a directive for the "court-ordered [outpatient] to follow all recommended treatments." Since Cho underwent only a minimal psychiatric assessment, the true diagnosis for Cho's mental health status remains unknown.

Because Cho was not involuntarily committed to a mental health facility as an inpatient, he was still legally eligible to buy guns under Virginia law. However, according to Virginia law, "A magistrate has the authority to issue a detention order upon a finding that a person is mentally ill and in need of hospitalization or treatment." The magistrate also must find that the person is an imminent danger to himself or others. Virginia officials and other law experts have argued that, under United States federal law, Barnett's order meant that Cho had been "adjudicated as a mental defective" and was thus ineligible to purchase firearms under federal law; and that the state of Virginia erred in not enforcing the requirements of the federal law.

Family efforts

The Virginia Tech Review Panel report shed light on numerous efforts by Cho's family to secure help for him as early as adolescence. However, when Cho reached 18 and left for college, the family lost its legal authority over him, and its influence on him waned. Cho's mother, increasingly concerned about his inattention to classwork, his classroom absences and his asocial behavior, sought help for him during summer 2006 from various churches in Northern Virginia. According to Dong Cheol Lee, minister of One Mind Presbyterian Church of Washington (located in Woodbridge) Cho's mother sought help from the church for Cho's problems. Lee added that "[Cho's] problem needed to be solved by spiritual power ... that's why she came to our church – because we were helping several people like him." Members of Lee's church even told Cho's mother that he was afflicted by "demonic power" and needed "deliverance." Before the church could meet with the family, however, Cho returned to school to start his senior year at Virginia Tech.

Virginia Tech massacre

Around 7:15 a.m. EDT (11:15 UTC) on April 16, 2007, Cho killed two students, Emily J. Hilscher and Ryan C. "Stack" Clark, on the fourth floor of West Ambler Johnston Hall, a high-rise co-educational dormitory. Investigators later determined that Cho's shoes matched a blood-stained print found in the hallway outside Hilscher's room. The shoes and bloody jeans were found in Cho's dormitory room where he had stashed them after the attack.

Within the next two and a half hours, Cho returned to his room to re-arm himself and mailed a package to NBC News that contained pictures, digital video files and documents. At approximately 9:45 a.m. EDT (13:45 UTC), Cho then crossed the campus to Norris Hall, a classroom building on the campus where, in a span of nine minutes, Cho shot dozens of people, killing 32 of them. As police breached the area of the building where Cho attacked the faculty and students, Cho committed suicide in Norris 211 with a gunshot to his temple. Cho's gunshot wounds destroyed his face, frustrating identification of his body for several hours. The police identified Cho by matching the fingerprints on the guns used in the shootings with immigration records. Before the shootings, Cho's only known connection to Norris Hall was as a student in the sociology class, which met in a classroom on the second floor of the building. Although police had not stated positively at the time of the initial investigation that Cho was the perpetrator of the Norris Hall shootings and the earlier one at West Ambler Johnston Hall, forensic evidence confirmed that the same gun was used in both shooting incidents.

Preparation

Weapons

During February and March 2007, Cho began purchasing the weapons that he later used during the killings. On February 9, 2007, Cho purchased his first handgun, a .22 caliber Walther P22 semi-automatic pistol, from TGSCOM Inc., a federally-licensed firearms dealer based in Green Bay, Wisconsin and the operator of the website through which Cho ordered the gun. TGSCOM Inc. shipped the Walther P22 to JND Pawnbrokers in Blacksburg, Virginia, where Cho completed the legally-required background check for the purchase transaction and took possession of the handgun. Cho bought a second handgun, a 9mm Glock 19 semiautomatic pistol, on March 13, 2007 from Roanoke Firearms, a licensed gun dealer located in Roanoke, Virginia.

Cho was able to pass both background checks and successfully complete both handgun purchases after he presented to the gun dealers his U.S. permanent residency card, his Virginia driver's permit to prove legal age and length of Virginia residence and a checkbook showing his Virginia address, in addition to waiting the required 30-day period between each gun purchase. He was successful at completing both handgun purchases, even though he had failed to disclose information on the background questionnaire about his mental health that required court-ordered outpatient treatment at a mental health facility.

On March 22, 2007, Cho purchased two 10-round magazines for the Walther P22 pistol through eBay from Elk Ridge Shooting Supplies in Idaho. Based on a preliminary computer forensics examination of Cho's eBay purchase records, investigators suspected that Cho may have purchased an additional 10-round magazine on March 23, 2007 from another eBay seller who sold gun accessories.

Cho also bought jacketed hollow-point bullets, which result in more tissue damage than full metal jacket bullets against unarmored targets by expanding upon entering soft tissue. Along with a manifesto, Cho later sent a photograph of the hollow point bullets to NBC News with the caption "All the [shit] you've given me, right back at you with hollow points."

Motive

During the investigation, the police found a note in Cho's room in which he criticized "rich kids", "debauchery" and "deceitful charlatans". In the note, Cho continued by saying that "you caused me to do this." Early media reports also speculated that he was obsessed with fellow student Emily Hilscher and became enraged after she rejected his romantic overtures. Law enforcement investigators could not find evidence that Hilscher knew Cho. Cho and one of his victims, Ross Alameddine, attended the same English class during Autumn 2006. Also in one video, he mentions "martyrs like Eric and Dylan", apparently referring to Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the perpetrators of Columbine High School massacre.

Aftermath

Crime investigation

Through ballistics examination, law enforcement investigators determined that Cho used the Glock 19 pistol during the attacks at the West Ambler Johnston dormitory and at Norris Hall on the Virginia Tech campus. Police investigators found that Cho fired 170 shots during the killing spree, evidence technicians finding at least 17 empty magazines at the scene. During the investigation, federal law enforcement investigators found that the serial numbers were illegally filed off both the Walther P22 and the Glock 19 handguns used by Cho during the rampage. "Investigators also say Cho practiced shooting at a firing range in Roanoke, about 40 miles from the campus, in mid-March." According to a former FBI agent and ABC consultant, "This was no spur-of-the-moment crime. He's been thinking about this for several months prior to the shooting."

Review of Cho's medical records

During the investigation, the matter of Cho's court-ordered mental health treatment was also examined to determine its outcome. Virginia investigators learned after a review of Cho's medical records that he never complied with the order for the mandated mental health treatment as an outpatient. The investigators also found that neither the court nor New River Valley Community Services Board exercised oversight of his case to determine his compliance with the order. In response to questions about Cho's case, New River Valley Community Services Board maintained that its facility was never named in the court order as the provider for his mental health treatment, and its responsibility ended once he was discharged from its care after the court order. In addition, Christopher Flynn, director of the Cook Counseling Center at Virginia Tech, mentioned that the court did not notify his office to report that Cho was required to seek outpatient mental health treatment. Flynn added that, "When a court gives a mandatory order that someone get outpatient treatment, that order is to the individual, not an agency ... The one responsible for ensuring that the mentally ill person receives help in these sort of cases ... is the mentally ill person."

As a result, Cho escaped compliance with the court order for mandatory mental health treatment as an outpatient, even though Virginia law required community services boards to "recommend a specific course of treatment and programs" for mental health patients and "monitor the person's compliance." As for the court, Virginia law also mandated that, if a person fails to comply with a court order to seek mental health treatment as an outpatient, that person can be brought back before the court "and if found still in crisis, can be committed to a psychiatric institution for up to 180 days." Cho was never summoned to court to explain why he had not complied with the December 14, 2005 order for mandatory mental health treatment as an outpatient.

The investigation panel had sought Cho's medical records for several weeks, but due to privacy laws, Virginia Tech was prohibited from releasing them without permission from Cho's family, even after his death. The panel had considered using subpoenas to obtain his records. On June 12, 2007, Cho's family released his medical records to the panel, although the panel said that the records were not enough. The panel obtained additional information by court order. Like the perpetrators of both the Columbine and Jokela school massacres, Cho was prescribed the antidepressant drug Prozac prior to his rampage, a substance suspected by Peter Breggin and David Healy of leading to suicidal behaviors. However, it is likely that Cho never complied in filling or taking this prescription; the toxicology test from the official autopsy later showed that neither psychiatric nor any kind of illegal drugs were in his system during the time of the shooting.

In August 2009, Cho's family allowed Virginia Tech to release the records, along with those found in July 2009, to the public. Previously, they were only given to the panel.

Investigative panel report

In the aftermath of the killing spree, Virginia Governor Timothy Kaine (D) appointed a panel to investigate the campus shootings, with plans for the panel to submit a report of its findings in approximately two to three months. Kaine also invited former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge to join the panel to "review Cho’s mental health history and how police responded to the tragedy." To help investigate and analyze the emergency response surrounding the Virginia Tech shootings, Kaine hired the same company that investigated the Columbine High School massacre.

The panel's final report devoted more than 30 pages to detailing Cho's mental health history. The report criticized Virginia Tech educators, administrators and mental health staff in failing to "connect the dots" from numerous incidents that were warning signs of Cho's mental instability beginning in his junior year. The report concluded that the school's mental health systems "failed for lack of resources, incorrect interpretation of privacy laws, and passivity." The report called Virginia's mental health laws "flawed" and its mental health services "inadequate". The report also confirmed that Cho was able to purchase two guns in violation of federal law because of Virginia's inadequate background check requirements.

Reaction of Cho's family

Cho's older sister, Sun-Kyung Cho, a 2004 graduate of Princeton University who works as a contractor for the U.S. State Department, prepared a statement on her family's behalf to apologize publicly for her brother's actions, in addition to lending prayers to the victims and the families of the wounded and killed victims. "This is someone that I grew up with and loved. Now I feel like I didn't know this person," she said in the statement issued through a North Carolina attorney. "We never could have envisioned that he was capable of so much violence." Cho's grandfather stated, "My grandson Seung-Hui was very shy. I can't believe he did such a thing."

In an article acknowledging the anniversary of the massacre, the ''Washington Post'' did a follow-up on the family, reporting that they had gone into hiding for months following the massacre and, after eventually returning home, had "virtually cut themselves off from the world." Several windows in their home have been papered over and drawn blinds cover the rest. The only real outside contact they have maintained is with an FBI Agent assigned to their care and their lawyer, refusing even to contact their own relatives in South Korea.

Media package sent to NBC News

During the time period between the two shooting events on April 16, Cho visited a local post office near the Virginia Tech campus where he mailed a parcel with a DVD inside to the New York headquarters of NBC News, which contained video clips, photographs and a manifesto explaining the reasons for his actions. The package, addressed from "A. Ishmael" as seen on an image of the USPS Express Mail envelope (incorrectly printed as "Ismail" by ''The New York Times'') and apparently intended to be received on April 17, was delayed because of an incorrect ZIP code and street address. The words "Ismail Ax" were scrawled in red ink on Cho's arm.

Release of material

Upon receiving the package on April 18, 2007, NBC contacted authorities and made the controversial decision to publicize Cho's communications by releasing a small fraction of what it received. After pictures and images from the videos were broadcast in numerous news reports, students and faculty from Virginia Tech, along with relatives of victims of the campus shooting, expressed concerns that, "to understand a person's motives is to glorify them", and that glorifying Cho's rampage could lead to copycat killings. The airing of the manifesto and its video images and pictures was upsetting to many who were more closely-affected by the shootings: Peter Read, the father of Mary Read, one of the students who was killed by Cho during the rampage, asked the media to stop airing Cho's manifesto.

Police officials, who reviewed the video, pictures and manifesto, concluded that the contents of the media package had marginal value in helping them learn and understand why Cho committed the killings. Dr. Michael Welner, who also reviewed the materials, believed that Cho's rantings offer little insight into the mental illness that may have triggered his rampage. Dr. Welner stated that "These videos do not help us understand Cho. They distort him. He was meek. He was quiet. This is a PR tape of him trying to turn himself into a Quentin Tarantino character."

During the April 24, 2007 edition of The Oprah Winfrey Show, NBC News President Steve Capus stated NBC decided to show two minutes of 25 minutes of video, seven of 43 photographs, and 37 sentences of 23 pages of written material or 5 of the 23 PDF files that were last modified at 7:24 a.m., after the first shooting. He also stated that the content not shown included "over the top profanity" and "incredibly violent images". He expressed hope that the unreleased material is never made public.

Contents

In his manifesto, Cho mentioned the Columbine killers Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, denigrated former teachers, and made threatening messages to then-U.S. President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. In one of the videos, Cho said:

Pete Williams, a MSNBC justice correspondent, said that Cho lacked logical governance, suggesting that Cho was under severe emotional distress. In the video, Cho also railed against deceitful charlatans on campus, rich kids, materialism, and hedonism while, in another video, he compared himself to Jesus Christ, explaining that his death will influence generations of "defenseless people". Media organizations, including ''Newsweek'', MSNBC, Reuters and the Associated Press, even raised questions and speculated the similarity between a stance in one of Cho's videos, which showed him holding and raising a hammer, and a pose from promotional posters for the South Korean movie ''Oldboy'', a film based on the manga of the same name about a businessman who was kidnapped away from his wife and infant daughter by an unknown assailant and imprisoned in a small room for 15 years. Investigators found no evidence that Cho had ever watched ''Oldboy'', and the professor who made the initial connection to ''Oldboy'' had since discounted his theory that Cho was influenced by the movie.

Writings

Plays

''Richard McBeef''

In 2006, pursuant to a class assignment, Cho wrote a short one-act play entitled ''Richard McBeef''. The play focused on John, a 13-year-old boy whose father had died in a boating accident, and John's stepfather, ex-football player Richard McBeef (whom John constantly refers to as "Dick"). When Richard touches John's lap during an attempt at a 'father-to-son' talk, the boy abruptly claims that his stepfather is molesting him. John then accuses his stepfather of having murdered his actual father and repeatedly says that he will kill Richard. John, Richard and Sue (John's mother) are suddenly embroiled in a major argument. Richard retreats to his car to escape the conflict, but John, despite claiming repeatedly that Richard was abusing him, joins his stepfather in the car and harasses him. The play ends with John trying to shove a banana-flavored cereal bar into his stepfather's throat; Richard, hitherto a passive character, reacts "out of sheer desecrated hurt and anger" by "swinging a deadly blow" at the boy.

''Mr. Brownstone''

In a second play, ''Mr. Brownstone'', written for another class assignment, Cho depicted three 17-year-olds (John, Jane, and Joe), who sit in a casino while discussing their deep hatred for Mr. Brownstone, their 45-year-old mathematics teacher. The three characters claim—using the phrase "ass-rape"—that Mr. Brownstone mistreats them. John wins a multimillion-dollar jackpot from one of the slot machines, and Mr. Brownstone, amid volleys of profanity from the students, reports to casino officials that the three characters were underage and had illegally picked up the winning ticket. Mr. Brownstone tells the casino officials that it was he who had really won the jackpot, and that the minors had taken the ticket from him. "Mr. Brownstone" was also the name of a Guns N' Roses song about heroin, and one page from Cho's play consisted of lyrics from the song.

Short fiction paper

Approximately one year before the incident at Virginia Tech, Cho also wrote a paper for an assignment in the "Intro to Short Fiction" class that he took during the spring 2006 semester. In that paper, Cho wrote about a mass school murder that was planned by the protagonist of the story but, according to the story, the protagonist did not follow through with the killings. During the proceedings of the Virginia Tech panel, the panel was unaware of the existence of the paper written by Cho for his fiction writing class.

When information surfaced about the paper, the Virginia Tech panel learned at that time that only the Virginia State Police and Virginia Tech had copies of the unreleased paper in their possession. The Virginia State Police reported that, although it had a copy of the paper, Virginia law prevented them from releasing the paper to the panel because it was part of the investigative file in an ongoing investigation.

Virginia Tech, on the other hand, had known about the paper, and officials at the school discussed the contents of the paper among themselves in the aftermath of the shootings. According to Governor Kaine, "[Virginia Tech] was expected to turn over all of Cho's writings to the panel" during the proceedings of the Virginia Tech panel.

After some members of the Virginia Tech panel complained about the missing paper, Virginia Tech decided to release a copy of the paper to the panel during the latter part of the week of August 25, 2007. Although the Virginia Tech panel has since received the paper written by Cho for the fiction writing class, the precise contents of that paper have not been released to the public.

Reactions to writings

Edward Falco, a playwriting professor at Virginia Tech, has acknowledged that Cho wrote both plays in his class. The plays are fewer than 12 pages long and have several grammatical and typographical errors. Falco believed that Cho was drawn to writing because of his difficulty communicating orally. Falco said of the plays, "They're not good writing, but at least they are a form of communication." Another professor who taught Cho characterized his work as "very adolescent" and "silly", with attempts at "Slapstick comedy" and "elements of violence". Novelist Stephen King examined the plays written by Cho, stating that they had no significance in an essay for ''Entertainment Weekly''.

Classmates believed "the plays were really morbid and grotesque." Ian MacFarlane, Cho's former classmate, stated that, "when we read Cho's plays, it was like something out of a nightmare. The plays had really twisted, macabre violence that used weapons I wouldn't have even thought of." When Stephen Davis, a senior who was also in Cho's class, read "Richard McBeef", he turned to his roommate and said "this is the kind of guy who is going to walk into a classroom and start shooting people." Anna Brown, another student in the class, sometimes joked with her friends that Cho was "the kind of guy who might go on a rampage killing."

According to CBS News, "Cho Seung-Hui's violent writing [and] loner status fit the Secret Service shooter profile," referring to a 2002 U.S. Secret Service study that was conducted after the Columbine massacre, with violent writing cited as one of the most typical behavioral attributes of school shooters. The U.S. Secret Service concluded the study by saying that "[t]he largest group of [school shooters] exhibited an interest in violence in their own writings, such as poems, essays or journal entries," while other school shooters showed an interest in violent video games, violent movies and violent books.

Users of YouTube created filmed adaptations of "Richard McBeef". ''Something Awful'' created a parody "CliffsNotes" entry describing Richard McBeef.

References

External links

– CNN (Adobe Acrobat Reader required for viewing) – ''The Washington Post'' (Adobe Acrobat Reader required for viewing) – MSNBC (NBC News)

ABC video coverage of psychiatrist discussing whether the media should air the tape

Virginia Tech Review Panel: Mass shootings at Virginia Tech - Report of the Review Panel (August 2007) (Adobe Acrobat Reader required for viewing all sections of the report)

Seung-hui Cho Profile At America's Most Wanted

Category:1984 births Category:2007 deaths Category:College students who committed suicide Category:Criminals who committed suicide Category:Korean emigrants to the United States Category:Murder–suicides Category:People from Seoul Category:South Korean spree killers Category:Suicides by firearm in Virginia Category:Suicides due to bullying Category:Virginia Tech alumni Category:Virginia Tech massacre Category:South Korean mass murderers

bg:Чо Сюн Ху ca:Cho Seung-hui cs:Čo Sung-hü da:Cho Seung-Hui es:Cho Seung-hui eo:Seung-Hui Cho fa:سئونگ هوی چو fr:Cho Seung-hui ko:조승희 id:Seung-Hui Cho is:Seung-Hui Cho he:סונג-הוי צ'ו nl:Cho Seung-hui ja:チョ・スンヒ no:Cho Seung-hui pl:Cho Seung-hui pt:Cho Seung-hui ru:Чо Сын Хи sr:Чо Санг-Хи sh:Seung-hui Cho fi:Seung-Hui Cho sv:Seung-Hui Cho th:โช ซึงฮึย uk:Чо Син Хі vi:Cho Seung-Hui zh-yue:趙承熙 zh:赵承熙

Coordinates	30°03′19″N101°57′53″N
name	The Classic
hangul	클래식
rr	Keulraesik
director	Kwak Jae-yong
producer	Jee Yeong-joon,Lee Jae-soon
writer	Kwak Jae-yong
starring	Son Ye-jin,Jo Seung-woo,Jo In-seong
music	Jo Yeong-wook,Choi Seung-hyun
cinematography	Lee Joon-kyoo
editing	Kim Sang-beomKim Jae-beom
studio	Egg Films
released
runtime	127 minutes
country	South Korea
language	Korean
gross	}}

''The Classic'' (; ''Keulraesik'') is a 2003 South Korean melodrama / romance film directed by Kwak Jae-yong.

Plot

The film tells the parallel love stories of a mother and daughter. The story of the mother is told partially in flashbacks.

The movie starts in the present day. The daughter, Ji-hye (Son Ye-jin), is cleaning-up around her house when she comes across a box full of old letters and a diary that detail the story of her mother, Joo-hee (who is also played by Son Ye-jin). Periodically in the movie, Ji-hye reads one of these letters, which starts a flashback scene in which the story of the mother is told. These flashbacks are intertwined with Ji-hye's own story, in which she falls for a fellow student, Sang-min (Jo In-seong), who is involved with the school theater.

The movie tells the story of both relationships. The mother, Joo-hee, visits the countryside as a student one summer and meets Joon-ha (Jo Seung-woo). Together they explore the countryside, playing near a river which they both will always remember as their special place. When a storm starts they take shelter together under a tree, but not before Joo-hee twists her ankle and is rendered helpless. Joon-ha carries her on his back and they struggle home, only to be confronted by her angry parents. Before they separate, Joo-hee gives him a necklace, which he keeps close as a precious reminder of their time together.

Unfortunately, as often happens in affairs of the heart, a third party prevents any deepening of their relationship. Joo-hee has been promised by her parents as a bride to Tae-soo, Joon-ha's friend. But Tae-soo, a noble friend, finds out about Joo-hee and Joon-ha's attraction for each other and helps the two communicate secretly by letting them use his own name in place of Joon-ha's in their letters. When Tae-soo's father finds this out, however, he beats Tae-soo. Tae-soo tries unsuccessfully to commit suicide so that his two friends can be together.

Meanwhile, in the present, Ji-hye falls for Sang-min in whom her friend Soo-kyeong is also very interested, but he seems not to notice. Then, in a sweet scene, they take shelter from the rain together under the same tree. He uses his coat to cover both of them and escorts her to where she needs to go. The moment, while magical, does not go anywhere as she feels his help was only due to his generous nature and not from any feelings for her on his part.

Back in the past, Joon-ha is guilt-ridden over his friend's attempted suicide and Joo-hee's own guilt. Determined to prevent any more hurt to her, Joon-ha joins the army and goes to Vietnam. There he loses his eyesight while he tries to retrieve the necklace Joo-hee had given him. When he returns to Korea, he meets again with Joo-hee, and, trying to hide his blindness, convinces her he has married in the hope she will move on with her life. Though heart broken that their relationship cannot continue, she does move on and eventually marries Tae-soo, Joon-ha's kind friend. After they have been married for several years and have a young daughter (Ji-hye) Joo-hee is approached by friends of Joon-ha, who relate Joon-ha's last wish: that his ashes be scattered by Joo-hee in the river, now a reservoir, where they first met. She then finds out that Joon-ha hadn't married, but he later did after Tae-soo and Joo-hee were married. She was told that he had a son also. The heart-break is too much and she cries.

In the present, Ji-hye's own story unfolds. Sang-min reveals his true feelings for Ji-hye - feelings that mirror her own. It is also revealed that their taking shelter together during the storm was no accident: he had purposely left his umbrella behind in a shop so that he could join her under the tree. Then, when Ji-hye pensively reveals her mother's story to him, tears stream down his face. Silently he lifts a necklace from around his neck and places it around hers. It is the necklace that Ji-hye's mother, Joo-hee, had given to Joon-ha when they met. The circle is completed: Joo-hee's daughter and Joon-ha's son have fallen in love.

Cast

Son Ye-jin - Ji-hye and Joo-hee (Mother of Ji-hye)

Jo Seung-woo - Joon-ha

Jo In-seong - Sang-min

Lee Ki-woo - Tae-soo (friend of Joon-ha)

Lee Soo-in - Soo-kyeong (friend of Ji-hye)

Seo Yeong-hee - Na-hee (friend of Joo-hee)

Lim Ye Jin - Shopkeeper

Development

Several of the school scenes were filmed at various universities in Korea. Notably, the library was in Kyung Hee University. There are many parallels between the flashback and present day stories. In the flashbacks, Joon Ha writes letters in the name of his friend Tae-soo to their mutual love interest. In the present day, Ji-hye writes letters in the name of her friend to their mutual love interest. In the flashbacks, Joo-hee has an annoying female friend that Joon-ha is initially set up with. In the present day, Ji-hye also has an annoying friend that interferes with her relationship. Also, Joo-hee and Ji-hye both receive the same poem from the people they love: "When the sun shines...".

Reception

''The Classic'' was nominated at the Hong Kong Film Awards in the category Best Asian Film in 2004.

Son Ye-jin received several awards for her performance in the film:

2003 40th Daejong sang Awards: Best New Actress (''The Classic'')

2003 39th PaekSang Arts Awards: Best New Actress (''The Classic'')

2003 24th Blue Dragon Film Awards - Most Favourite Star (''The Classic'', ''Crazy First Love'')

2004 9th Moscow International Love Movie Awards: Best Couple (''The Classic'')

Music

The film relies heavily on music to help convey emotion.

Korean Songs in the film:

''그랬나봐'' ("Geuraetna pwa" - World without love) - performer: Kim Hyung Joong

''고백'' ("Gobaek" - Confession) - performer: Delispice - played during the art gallery scene

''너에게 난 나에게 넌'' ("Neoehgeh nan naehgeh neon" - I am yours, you are mine) - performer: Jatanpung - played during both special umbrella scenes

''너무 아픈 사랑은 사랑이아니었음을'' ("Neomu apeun sarangeun sarangee anieosseumeul" - It wasn't love if it hurt so much) - performer: Kim Kwang Suk - played during train and last meeting scenes

''사랑하면 할수록'' ("Saranghamyon halsoorok" - If we are in love, then...) - Played in different instrumental versions throughout the film - always at emotional moments. It is sung in the final scenes by performer Han Song Min. There is also a Mandarin version of this song titled "Hui Se Kong Jian" (灰色空間 in Mandarin) which is sung by Taiwanese singer Show Luo in Taiwanese drama called "The Outsider II".

The piano piece performed by Joo-Hee on stage is Beethoven's Piano Sonata 8, movement 2 Pathetique Sonata.

Pachelbel's Canon in D was also used as the background music. This same music was featured in the director's earlier film, ''My Sassy Girl''.

Some American songs were used as well.

References

External links

Category:2003 films Category:2000s romance films Category:South Korean romance films Category:Romantic drama films Category:Vietnam War films Category:Films about blind people Category:Films set in 1968 Category:Films directed by Kwak Jae-yong Category:Korean-language films

fr:The Classic ja:ラブストーリー (韓国映画) ko:클래식 (영화) th:คนแรกของหัวใจ คนสุดท้ายของชีวิต zh:假如愛有天意

Coordinates	30°03′19″N101°57′53″N
Name	Jekyll & Hyde
Music	Frank Wildhorn
Lyrics	Leslie Bricusse Frank Wildhorn Steve Cuden
Book	Leslie Bricusse
Basis	Novella by Robert Louis Stevenson''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde''
Productions	1990 Houston 1995 U.S. tour 1997 Broadway 1999 US tour International productions 2000 Non-Equity US tour 2010 Brazil
Awards	}}

''Jekyll & Hyde'' is a musical based on the novella ''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' by Robert Louis Stevenson. The original stage conception was by Steve Cuden and Frank Wildhorn. The music is by Wildhorn and the lyrics and book are by Leslie Bricusse.

The musical ran on Broadway for 1,543 performances in 1997 through 2001. Despite the long run, the musical lost money in the end—more than $1.5 million—and lacked stellar reviews.

Background

Frank Wildhorn and Steve Cuden had written the score and lyrics, respectively, in the late 1980s, but due to financing it was not produced on Broadway. The show was rewritten with Leslie Bricusse and premiered at the Alley Theatre in 1990. Also in 1990, Colm Wilkinson and Linda Eder were featured in a concept recording.

Productions

Jekyll & Hyde had its world premiere at the Alley Theatre in May 1990. The cast was led by Chuck Wagner as Henry Jekyll and Linda Eder as Lucy.

''Jekyll & Hyde'' was produced by the Alley Theatre, 5th Avenue Musical Theatre and Theatre Under The Stars, and premiered in Houston in January through February 1995 and Seattle from February through March 1995. The musical then undertook a US National tour from August 1995 through April 1996.

''Jekyll & Hyde'' opened on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre on April 28, 1997 and closed on January 7, 2001 after 44 previews and 1,543 performances. The director was Robin Phillips with choreography by Joey Pizzi. The cast featured Robert Cuccioli as Dr. Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde, Linda Eder as Lucy, and Christiane Noll as Emma Carew. Rob Evan played matinees as Dr. Henry Jekyll. Brad Oscar and Emily Skinner made their Broadway debuts in this musical. Notable replacements included David Hasselhoff and Leah Hocking (Lucy).

''Jekyll & Hyde'' is the longest-running show in the history of the Plymouth Theatre. When it closed it recouped about 75% of the $7 million investment.

;Tours The second North American tour ran from April 1999 through April 2000, playing in 37 US and two Canadian cities. The tour featured Chuck Wagner, Sharon Brown (Lucy) and Andrea Rivette, with new choreography by Jerry Mitchell.

A UK tour ran from August 2004 through May 2005, and featured Paul Nicholas (Jekyll/Hyde), Louise Dearman (Lucy) and Shona Lindsay (Lisa).

A brand new UK tour is running from January 2011. This tour features Marti Pellow (Jekyll/Hyde), Sarah Earnshaw (Emma), Sabrina Carter (Lucy). This production is directed by Martin Connors with new choreography by Bill Deamer

;Regional In regional productions, Cuccioli directed a production at the Westchester Broadway Theatre, Elmsford, NY in August through November 2001. This was one of the first resident productions since the show closed on Broadway. The musical will run again at the theatre, directed by Cuccioli, from September 2010 through February 2011. A Regional production of Jekyll And Hyde The Musical will be presented from Nov/2010-Feb/2011 by DDB Productions,Inc in the Maguire Theater at SUNY Old Westbury . David Yudell stars in the role of Jekyll/Hyde.

Adaptation

The musical was adapted into a concert version, ''Jekyll & Hyde - The Concert'', which toured both in the US and in South Korea in 2004 through 2007. The US tour cast featured Rob Evan (Jekyll/Hyde), Kate Shindle (Lucy) and Brandi Burkhardt (Emma). The cast for South Korea featured Rob Evan, Mandy Gonzalez (Lucy) and Julie Reiber (Emma).

Synopsis

Three versions of ''Jekyll & Hyde'' have been recorded in English. The central theme of the show remains intact, but many of the songs have been altered, cut and/or replaced between the different versions.

Act I

The audience is introduced to John Utterson and Sir Danvers Carew, both having been associated with Doctor Henry Jekyll. Utterson was Jekyll's lawyer and best friend while Sir Danvers was Jekyll's future father-in-law. The two gentlemen take the audience back some time to find Jekyll in an insane asylum singing over his comatose father ("Lost in the Darkness"). It is Jekyll's belief that the evil in his father's soul has caused his illness. Jekyll tells the audience about his passion to find out why man is both good and evil and his attempts to separate the good from the evil ("I Need to Know").

Some time later, the rich and poor of 19th century London describe how people act how they want others to see them, no matter who they really are inside ("Facade"). Afterward, Jekyll presents a research proposal to the Board of Governors of St. Jude's Hospital. Sir Danvers, the chairman of the board, is in attendance along with His Grace Rupert the 14th Bishop of Basingstoke, the Right Honorable Sir Archibald "Archie" Proops, Lord Theodore "Teddy" Savage, Lady Elizabeth "Bessie" Beaconsfield, General Lord Glossop and Simon Stride - the secretary. All, with the exception of Sir Danvers and Stride, are pompous, rich semi-hypocrites. When Jekyll proposes to test his theory and his formula on a human subject(presumably his father), they reject the proposal with cries of "sacrilege, lunacy, blasphemy, heresy", voting five to none with Sir Danvers' one abstention ("Jekyll's Plea"). Utterson tries to calm Jekyll down, knowing that he was obsessed over his father's conditions. Jekyll feels that he could "save" those who have fallen in the same darkness. Utterson urges his friend, if he feels he is right about his theory, that he should continue ("Pursue The Truth").

Later that night, the toast of society turns up at Sir Danvers' residence, where he is throwing an engagement party for his daughter Emma's engagement to Dr. Jekyll ("Facade - Reprise 1"). During the party, the guests - which include the Governors and Stride - mention how worried they are about Emma being engaged to a "madman", but both Sir Danvers and Emma back up Jekyll. Stride, who has feelings for Emma, speaks to Emma in private and tries to reason her out of her engagement, but she quickly turns him down, saying she feels she can be who she wants to be with Jekyll ("Emma's Reason").

Jekyll—late as usual—arrives just before the party leaves to go see the fireworks, and shares a moment with Emma. Though he warns her he may always busy with his work, Emma swears she will be beside him through it all ("Take Me as I Am"). Sir Danvers returns as Jekyll leaves, and expresses to Emma that he considers Jekyll like a son to him, but finds it difficult to tolerate his behavior at the cost of losing his daughter. Emma assures him that he will never lose her, and they should not be afraid to let go ("Letting Go").

Jekyll and Utterson later go to a dingy pub known as the ''Red Rat'' for Jekyll's bachelor party ("Facade - Reprise 2"). Prostitute Lucy Harris arrives late and is in for some trouble with the boss, known as "the Spider", but she dismisses it for now. Despite her position in life, she is seen to be kind-hearted and well liked by her co-workers, but has moments of contemplation about her life ("No One Knows Who I Am").

Nellie, the German manageress of the ''Red Rat'', then breaks Lucy's reverie and then sends the former out onstage to do her number ("Bring on the Men" - replaced with "Good 'n' Evil" in the Broadway version), which captivates Jekyll. After the number, Lucy begins to circulate among the clientele. Spider approaches Lucy and strikes her hard across the face and demands to know why she was late. And even though Spider is in a good mood tonight, he threatens to kill her if it happens again. Jekyll approaches Lucy after witnessing the Spider's actions and intends to help her as Utterson is led away by another bar girl. Jekyll and Lucy are drawn to each other in a way that promises each of them a great friendship. Jekyll admits Lucy's song has helped him find the answer to his experiment. Utterson reemerges and Jekyll admits that he must be on his way. Before he goes, he gives Lucy his visiting card and asks her to see him should she ever need anything.

As Utterson and Jekyll arrive at the latter's residence, Utterson notices that Jekyll is in a better mood. Jekyll informs him that he has found a subject for his experiments. Utterson recommends Jekyll to go straight to bed and leaves. Jekyll asks his butler, Poole, about his father, and Poole replies that he was a very good man. After reacting happily to the kind remark, Jekyll dismisses him for the night. Jekyll then ignores Utterson's advice and proceeds to his laboratory, excited that the moment has come to do his experiment ("This Is The Moment"). Keeping tabs on the experiment in his journal, Jekyll mixes his chemicals to create his formula, HJ7, and injects it into the subject: himself. After a minute of the potion's side effects, he writhes in pain, transforming into an evil form of himself ("Transformation"). With dark humor he notes in his diary an "unexpected development". He goes out and roams the streets, taking in the sights and sounds of London, including an encounter with Lucy. He gives himself a name: Edward Hyde ("Alive").

A week later, no one has heard anything from Jekyll. Emma, Sir Danvers and Utterson ask Poole where he is, but Emma decides to leave and believes Jekyll will come for her after his work is finished. After Emma and Sir Danvers leave, Poole tells Utterson that Jekyll has been locked in his lab all this time and that he has heard strange sounds from the lab. Jekyll, who seems distraught, emerges and sends Poole fetch some chemicals for him. Utterson confronts him asking him what he has been up to, but Jekyll does not fully answer. He instead gives Utterson three letters: one for Emma, another for her father, and one for Utterson himself should Jekyll become ill or disappear. Utterson tells Jekyll to not let his work take over. Meanwhile Emma and Sir Danvers argue about the prudence of Emma's marriage to a man who seems to be falling into an ever-deepening abyss. Emma again tells her father that she understands that Jekyll's work is important. ("His Work and Nothing More").

Visiting card in hand, Lucy arrives at Jekyll's residence with a nasty bruise on her back. As Jekyll treats it, she tells him a man named Hyde did it. Jekyll is stunned by this revelation but hides it. Obviously in love with him, Lucy kisses Jekyll ("Sympathy, Tenderness"). Disturbed by his own actions, Jekyll leaves Lucy, who wonders about her love for him ("Someone Like You").

Later, the Bishop of Basingstoke is seen with Nellie after having a meeting with one of her attendants, who is a minor. He pays Nellie and arranges to see the attendant next Wednesday. When Nellie and the attendant leave, Hyde appears holding a swordstick with a heavy pewter knob. After insulting the Bishop, Hyde proceeds to beat and stab the former to death with the swordstick before gleefully setting the body aflame ("Alive — Reprise").

Act II

Utterson and Sir Danvers speak to the audience once again of past events with Jekyll: Utterson begins to feel he was not able to help his poor client and friend, while Danvers senses that something is horribly wrong with his work, as he has not been seen or heard from for weeks.

The citizens of London gossip about the Bishop's murder. The Carews, the four remaining Governors, Stride and Utterson attend the Bishop's funeral at St. Paul's Cathedral, unaware that Hyde is also present. After the funeral, General Glossop and Lord Savage leave St. Paul's, mourning over their deceased colleague. Hyde corners Glossop and stabs him through the mouth with the swordstick while Teddy watches, petrified in horror. Stride quickly enters the scene, just in time to see Hyde escape. As Londoners discuss the second murder, Jekyll is seen accosting the apothecary, Bisset, for the chemicals that Poole ordered. All but two are present, leaving Jekyll to wait until tomorrow night. Later one night, Teddy is seen leaving the Mayfair Club with Sir Proops and Lady Beaconsfield. Hyde emerges from the shadows and after recognizing him, Teddy attempts to get Bessie back inside. When Hyde comments on "how you hypocrites hang together", Archie foolishly walks up to Hyde and demands that he leave. However, Hyde pulls out a dagger and stabs Archie in the side before snapping Bessie's neck with her own diamonds. Teddy, after being forced to watch, seizes the opportunity to escape. As the city reacts to the third and fourth murders, the Carews find a frantic Teddy at Victoria Station and learn that he is fleeing to Aberdeen. The Carews wish him a safe journey and return home. Hyde then appears, breaking Teddy's neck and kicking his corpse onto the train tracks. By now, all five Governors who rejected Jekyll's proposal are dead ("Murder, Murder").

Later one night, Emma lets herself into Jekyll's laboratory. She finds his journal open and reads one of his entries. Jekyll enters and immediately closes the journal, preventing her from learning what he has become. Emma can see he is distraught. She professes her love for him and begs him to confide in her ("Once Upon a Dream"). He tells her nothing of his work, but says he still loves her. After Emma leaves, Jekyll writes in his journal that Hyde has taken a heavy toll on him and those around him, and that the transformations are occurring without his taking the potion. His entry is interrupted when Utterson arrives at the lab, seeking to find out who Jekyll's sole heir is, Edward Hyde, as referred to in Jekyll's letter. Jekyll only tells him that Hyde is a "colleague" involved in the experiment. Utterson can see that his friend and client is desperately ill and agrees to obtain the rest of the chemicals Jekyll requires. Jekyll, once again alone, begins to face the fact that Hyde is a part of him ("Obsession"). At the same time, both Lucy and Emma wonder about their love for the same man ("In His Eyes").

At the ''Red Rat'', Nellie and Lucy sing about their profession and why they keep doing it ("Girls of the Night"). Lucy is then visited by Hyde, who tells her that he is going away for a while. He then warns her to never leave him -- "ever". Lucy is terrified, but seems to be held under a sexual, animalistic control by Hyde ("Dangerous Game"). As they leave together, the Spider addresses the ''Red Rat'' attendants, warning them to always be aware of what dangers lie ahead ("Facade - Reprise 3").

Utterson comes to Jekyll's lab with the rest of the chemicals and discovers Hyde, who informs him that the doctor is "not available" tonight. Utterson refuses to leave the package with anyone but his friend and demands to know where he is. Hyde replies that even if he told him, Utterson would not believe him. When Utterson threatens him with his swordstick, Hyde injects the formula into himself, roaring with laughter as he transforms back into Jekyll in front of an appalled Utterson. Jekyll tells Utterson that Hyde must be destroyed, whatever the cost. He then begs Utterson to deliver money for Lucy so she can escape to safety. As Utterson leaves, Jekyll mixes in chemicals and injects the new formula, praying that he can restore his former life ("The Way Back").

Utterson visits Lucy at the ''Red Rat'' with the money, along with a letter from Jekyll that entreats her to leave town and start a new life elsewhere. After Utterson leaves, Lucy wonders of the possibilities ahead ("A New Life"). Just then, Hyde returns. Seeing the letter from Jekyll, he tells Lucy that he and the doctor are "very close." As he holds Lucy softly so that she does not suspect it, he slowly and savagely kills her ("Sympathy, Tenderness" - Reprise). The vile murderer runs off laughing, just as the ''Red Rat'' attendants find Lucy's stabbed form and carry her out on a stretcher. Covered in blood from stabbing Lucy, Jekyll returns to his laboratory and faces off with Hyde in a final battle for control ("Confrontation").

Later, Utterson tells the audience that Jekyll has given up his task of "finding the truth," condemning his father to the darkness. Yet, as Sir Danvers would put it, the doctor had returned at the sound of wedding bells ("Facade - Reprise 4").

Several weeks later, Jekyll seems to have won as he and Emma stand before the priest at their wedding in St. Anne's Church ("The Wedding" aka "Dear Lord and Father of Mankind"). As the Minister begins the ceremony, Jekyll doubles over in pain and transforms into Hyde. Hyde then kills Stride, a guest at the wedding, before taking Emma hostage. At the sound of Emma's pleading voice, Jekyll is able to regain momentary control. He begs Utterson to kill him, but Utterson cannot bring himself to harm his friend. Desperate, Jekyll impales himself on Utterson's swordstick. Emma weeps softly as Jekyll dies ("Finale").

Characters

Dr. Henry Jekyll/Edward Hyde. ''Vocal Range: Baritone/Tenor''

Lucy Harris - The main attraction at "The Red Rat". ''Vocal Range: Mezzo-soprano''

Emma Carew - Jekyll's fiancee. ''Vocal Range: Soprano''

John Utterson - Jekyll's lawyer and friend. ''Vocal Range: Baritone/Tenor''

Sir Danvers Carew - Emma's father and Chairman of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Baritone''

Simon Stride - The secretary of the Board of Governors and Jekyll's rival for Emma's affections. ''Vocal Range: Baritone''

Lord Savage - A member of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Tenor''

Bishop of Basingstoke - A hypocritical, sadistic, sexually driven man of the cloth and a member of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Baritone/Tenor''

Lady Beaconsfield - The only female member of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Mezzo-soprano''

The Rt. Hon. Sir Archibald Proops - A member of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Baritone''

General Lord Glossop - A pompous retired army man and a member of the Board of Governors. ''Vocal Range: Baritone/Bass''

Spider - A pimp and proprietor of "The Red Rat". ''Vocal Range: Baritone''

Nellie - The German manageress of "The Red Rat". ''Vocal Range: Mezzo-soprano''

Poole - Jekyll's loyal manservant.

Songs from Broadway production

All songs are Music and Lyrics by Frank Wildhorn and Leslie Bricusse, except "Transformation," "Alive," "His Work And Nothing More," "Alive Reprise," "Murder, Murder," and "Once Upon A Dream," which are Lyrics by Steve Cuden, Frank Wildhorn, and Leslie Bricusse. ;Act I

Lost in the Darkness — Dr. Henry Jekyll

Facade — Ensemble

Jekyll's Plea — Henry Jekyll, Mr. Simon Stride, Sir Danvers Carew and The Board of Governors

Pursue the Truth — Henry Jekyll and Mr. John Utterson

Facade (Reprise 1) — Ensemble

Emma's Reasons — Mr. Simon Stride and Emma Carew

Take Me as I Am — Henry Jekyll and Emma Carew

Letting Go — Sir Danvers Carew and Emma Carew

Facade (Reprise 2) — Ensemble

No One Knows Who I Am — Lucy Harris

Good 'N' Evil — Lucy Harris and Ensemble

Here's to the Night / Jekyll Meets Lucy  - Lucy Harris & Henry Jekyll

Now There is No Choice  - Henry Jekyll

This Is the Moment — Henry Jekyll

First Transformation — Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde

Alive — Edward Hyde

His Work, And Nothing More — Henry Jekyll, John Utterson, Sir Danvers Carew and Emma Carew

Sympathy, Tenderness — Lucy Harris

Someone Like You — Lucy Harris

Alive (Reprise) — Edward Hyde and Ensemble

;Act II

Murder, Murder — A Newsboy and Ensemble

Once Upon a Dream — Emma Carew

Obsession — Dr. Henry Jekyll

In His Eyes — Lucy Harris and Emma Carew

Dangerous Game — Edward Hyde and Lucy Harris

Facade (Reprise 3) — Spider and Ensemble

The Way Back — Henry Jekyll

A New Life — Lucy Harris

Sympathy, Tenderness (Reprise) — Edward Hyde

Lost in the Darkness/The Way Back & Confrontation — Henry Jekyll & Edward Hyde

Facade (Reprise 4) — Ensemble

The Wedding — Boy Soprano

Finale — Emma Carew

Songs from Current Licensed production

All songs are Music and Lyrics by Frank Wildhorn and Leslie Bricusse, except "Transformation," "Alive," "His Work And Nothing More," "Alive Reprise," "Murder, Murder," and "Once Upon A Dream," which are Lyrics by Steve Cuden, Frank Wildhorn, and Leslie Bricusse. ;Act I

Prologue / Lost in the Darkness — Dr. Henry Jekyll

I Need to Know  - Henry Jekyll

Facade — Ensemble

Jekyll's Plea — Henry Jekyll, Mr. Simon Stride, Sir Danvers Carew and The Board of Governors

Pursue the Truth — Henry Jekyll and Mr. John Utterson

Emma's Reasons — Mr. Simon Stride and Emma Carew

I Must Go On - Henry Jekyll and Emma Carew

Take Me as I Am — Henry Jekyll and Emma Carew

Letting Go — Sir Danvers Carew and Emma Carew

Bring on the Men  - Lucy Harris

Here's to the Night / Jekyll Meets Lucy  - Lucy Harris & Henry Jekyll

Now There is No Choice  - Henry Jekyll

This Is the Moment — Henry Jekyll

First Transformation — Henry Jekyll and Edward Hyde

Alive — Edward Hyde

His Work, And Nothing More — Henry Jekyll, John Utterson, Sir Danvers Carew and Emma Carew

Sympathy, Tenderness — Lucy Harris

Someone Like You — Lucy Harris

Alive (Reprise) — Edward Hyde and Ensemble

;Act II

Murder, Murder — A Newsboy and Ensemble

Once Upon a Dream — Emma Carew

Streak of Madness — Dr. Henry Jekyll

In His Eyes — Lucy Harris and Emma Carew

Girls of the Night — Lucy Harris and Nellie

Dangerous Game — Edward Hyde and Lucy Harris

The Way Back — Henry Jekyll

A New Life — Lucy Harris

Sympathy, Tenderness (Reprise) — Edward Hyde

Lost in the Darkness And Confrontation — Henry Jekyll & Edward Hyde

Facade (Reprise 4) — Ensemble

The Wedding — Boy Soprano

Finale — Emma Carew

Notable principal cast

Jekyll/Hyde:

Colm Wilkinson — Original Concept Album Highlights

Anthony Warlow — Original Gothic Thriller Album 1994 (Complete Work)

Robert Cuccioli — First National Tour, Original Broadway Cast

Rob Evan — Standby on First National Tour, First Broadway Alternate & Later Broadway Lead, Resurrection Album, Concert Tour

Joseph Mahowald - Second Broadway Alternate

Jack Wagner — Broadway

Sebastian Bach — Broadway

David Hasselhoff — Final Broadway

Chuck Wagner — 1987 Demo, Original 1990 Alley Production, Second National Tour

Drew Sarich — Cologne, Germany

Yngve Gasoy-Romdal — Cologne and Magdeburg, Germany

Thomas Borchert — Original Vienna Cast

Ethan Freeman — Germany

Jo Seung-woo — Seoul, South Korea

Ryu Jung-han — Seoul, South Korea

Takeshi Kaga — Original Japanese Cast

Ethan Freeman — Bremen, Germany

Darius Merstein — Bremen, Germany

Steve Barton — Bremen, Germany

Hans Peter Janssens — Antwerp, Belgium

Paul Nicholas — Original UK Cast First UK Tour (2004)

Raphael — Original Madrid Cast

Jesper Lundgaard — Herning, Denmark

Daniel Hulka — 2005 Czech Cast

Aleksandr Domogarov — Moscow, Russia

Anders Ekborg — Ostgotateatern, Sweden

Nando Prado — Original Brazilian Cast

Brad Little — 2010 Australasian Tour

Marti Pellow — Second UK Tour 2011

Lucy:

Linda Eder — Originated the role with the Original Alley Production, the first national tour, and original Broadway cast.

Coleen Sexton — The Final Lucy Harris

Marsia — Original Japanese Cast

Kate Shindle — starred in the Resurrection cast & tour

Sharon Brown — Second National Tour

Louise Dearman — Original UK Cast First Uk Tour (2004)

Lyn Liechty — Original Bremen Cast

Marta Ribera — Original Madrid Cast

Belinda Wollaston — 2010 Australsian Tour

Eva Maria Marold — Original Vienna Cast

Kacau Gomes — Original Brazilian Cast

Sabrina Carter — UK Tour 2011

Emma/Lisa:

Carolee Carmello — Original Gothic Thriller Album (Complete Work)

Christiane Noll — Original Broadway Cast

Anastasia Barzee— Broadway Replacement

Kelli O'Hara — National Tour, understudied on Broadway

Rebecca Spencer — Original Emma in the 1990 Alley Production

Margarita Marbán — Original Madrid Cast

Maya Hakvoort — Original Vienna Cast

Rina Chinen — Original Japanese Cast

Kiara Sasso — Original Brazilian Cast

Sarah Earnshaw — UK Tour 2011

Notable Ensemble Members:

Kate Shindle (Broadway)

Heidi Blickenstaff (2nd National Tour)

Deb Lyons (2nd National Tour)

Amy Spanger

Kelli O'Hara (Broadway)

Emily Skinner

David Delve

Michael Taibi

Recordings

English recordings

;1987 Demo Album :Demo version of the musical made for producers. This version is very different from the complete work. Facade is not as important as in the later versions. A song "The Ballad of Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde" has four reprises (similar to Sweeney Todd). Other songs that are only included in this version are "Seven Solid Years, Jekyll's Disbelief", "Possessed, I Must Go On", "He Has His Work And Nothing More", "It's Over Now" and "We Still Have Time". The Songs "Facade", "Alive", "Murder, Murder!" and "Someone Like You" are very different to later versions. The sound quality of this record is poor (the CD was not made to be sold).

;Concept Album :Recorded in 1990 and featuring Colm Wilkinson as Jekyll/Hyde and Linda Eder singing both Lucy and Lisa (Jekyll's fiancée, later renamed to Emma), this Album contained the original versions of many songs that would later be reworked and included in altered forms in subsequent recordings. It is also the only recording that has the song "Love Has Come of Age" which, despite being the intended centerpiece for the musical, never made it past this original recording.

;Complete Work :Released prior to the first national tour of Jekyll in 1994, the full title of this recording is "Jekyll & Hyde - The Gothic Musical Thriller: The Complete Work." The album features Anthony Warlow as Jekyll/Hyde, Linda Eder as Lucy, and Carolee Carmello as Lisa. This version features more songs than any other recording and featured Australian-born opera/musical theatre star Anthony Warlow in the lead role, and, although he recorded more music than any other man in the role, Warlow never played the role on stage. This recording represented the incarnation of the show before its major rewrite for Broadway. The special guests are Broadway legend John Raitt as Sir Danvers Carew and R&B; singer and musician Brenda Russell as Nellie.

;Broadway Cast Album :This 1997 recording features Robert Cuccioli as Jekyll and Hyde, Linda Eder as Lucy, Barrie Ingham as Sir Danvers, Raymond Jaramillo McLeod as Simon Stride, and Christiane Noll as Emma. The definitive Broadway recording, this CD features the final arrangements of the songs of the musical (sometimes for length and complexity), as well as the removal of several sub-plots. Reviewers have generally preferred the mix of female voices in this version of the musical, with the contrast between Emma and Lucy made more marked, as opposed to the soprano-on-soprano duets of the earlier recordings.

;Home-Video Recording :The Broadway production was filmed live at the Plymouth Theatre in 2000 with David Hasselhoff as Jekyll/Hyde, Coleen Sexton as Lucy, and Andrea Rivette as Emma. This is the only official video recording of the musical that exists, although several unofficial recordings have found their way onto the internet. The show closed 3 months after Hasselhoff's casting, after it had attained the achievement of longest running musical at the Plymouth Theatre.

;Jekyll & Hyde: RESURRECTION :This 2006 featured Rob Evan as Jekyll/Hyde, Kate Shindle as Lucy and Brandi Burkhardt as Emma, as well as rock guitarist Alex Skolnick. This album is a studio recording of the arrangements that would go on to form the program of the touring ''Jekyll & Hyde: In Concert''. It features several songs, all re-worked to include psychedelic/rock guitar accompaniment (mostly during Hyde's songs). It is worth noting that the songs featured on this CD are built upon those from the "Complete Work" CD and include very few of the alterations made in the "Broadway Cast Album".

;Australian Promotional Recording :Starring Simon Burke as Jekyll/Hyde, Delia Hannah as Lucy and Terri Crouch as Emma, this CD was recorded to promote the upcoming Australian production, which never materialized, and all unsold copies of the recording were then recalled. This remains the rarest of all the Jekyll & Hyde recordings.

Foreign Recordings

Antwerp, Belgium (1997) - 4 track promotional single featuring Hans Peter Janssens as Jekyll/Hyde, Ann Lauwereins as Lucy and Hilde Norga as Emma.

Bremen, Germany (1999) - featuring Ethan Freeman as Jekyll/Hyde, Lyn Liechty as Lucy, and Susanne Dengler as Lisa.

Madrid, Spain (2001) - featuring Raphael as Jekyll/Hyde, Marta Ribera as Lucy and Margarita Marban as Emma.

Budapest, Hungary (2001) - featuring László Molnár as Jekyll/Hyde, Kata Janza as Lucy and Bernadett Tunyogi as Emma.

Vienna, Austria (2002) - featuring Thomas Borchert as Jekyll/Hyde, Eva Maria Marold as Lucy and Maya Hakvoort as Lisa.

Tokyo, Japan (2003) - featuring Takeshi Kaga as Jekyll/Hyde, Marsia as Lucy and Rina Chinen as Emma.

Staatz, Austria (2005) - featuring Werner Auer as Jekyll and Hyde, Brigitte Treipl as Lucy and Elizabeth Sikora as Lisa.

Seoul, South Korea (2004) - featuring Jo Seung-woo & Ryu Jung-han as Jekyll/Hyde, Kim Sun-young as Lucy and Kim So-hyun as Emma.

Prague, Czech Republic (2006) - Daniel Hůlka sings the part of Jekyll/Hyde, Tereza Duchková sings Lucy and Kateřina Brožová sings Emma. There are also tracks with Marián Vojtko singing Jekyll/Hyde and Michaela Nosková singing Lucy.

Seoul, South Korea (2006) - Double CD featuring Jo Seung-woo as Jekyll/Hyde, Lee Young-mi & Kim Sun-young as Lucy and Lee Hye-kyeoung as Emma.

Stockholm, Sweden (2008) - featuring Mikael Samuelson as Jekyll, Sarah Dawn Finer as Lucy and Myrra Malmberg as Emma.

Among the most famous songs are "This is the Moment" which was performed at the Olympics twice and sung by The Moody Blues at various sports events.

Awards and nominations

;Tony Award

Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical - Book by Leslie Bricusse (Nominated)

Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical - Robert Cuccioli (Nominated)

Tony Award for Best Costume Design - Ann Curtis (Nominated)

Tony Award for Best Lighting Design - Beverly Emmons (Nominated)

;Theatre World Award

Linda Eder (WINNER)

;Drama Desk Award

Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical — Robert Cuccioli (WINNER)

Drama Desk Award Outstanding Actress in a Musical — Linda Eder (Nominated)

Drama Desk Award Outstanding Set Design of a Musical — Scenic Design by Robin Phillips, James Noone; Properties and Set Dressing by Christina Poddubiuk (WINNER)

;Outer Critics Circle Award

Best Leading Actor - Robert Cuccioli (WINNER)

Best Leading Actress - Linda Eder (Nominated)

Best New Musical (Nominated)

Best Choreography (Nominated)

Best Director - Robin Phillips (Nominated)

Best Lighting Design - Beverly Emmons (Nominated)

;Friends of New York Theatre Award

Best Leading Actress - Christiane Noll (WINNER)

;Joseph Jefferson Award (Prestigious Chicago Theatre Awards)

Best Leading Actor in a Touring Musical - Robert Cuccoli (WIN)

Best Featured Actress in a Touring Musical - Christiane Noll (Nominated)

References

External links

The Official ''Jekyll & Hyde'' Website

Official website of Frank Wildhorn

''New York Times'' review

Category:1990 musicals Category:Broadway musicals Category:Musicals based on short fiction‎ Category:Sung-through musicals

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