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Look up Κ or κ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Greek alphabet
Αα	Alpha	Νν	Nu
Ββ	Beta	Ξξ	Xi
Γγ	Gamma	Οο	Omicron
Δδ	Delta	Ππ	Pi
Εε	Epsilon	Ρρ	Rho
Ζζ	Zeta	Σσς	Sigma
Ηη	Eta	Ττ	Tau
Θθ	Theta	Υυ	Upsilon
Ιι	Iota	Φφ	Phi
Κκ	Kappa	Χχ	Chi
Λλ	Lambda	Ψψ	Psi
Μμ	Mu	Ωω	Omega
History
Archaic local variants
Ligatures (ϛ, ȣ, ϗ) Diacritics
Numerals (6) (90) (900)
In other languages
Bactrian Coptic Albanian
Scientific symbols
Book Category Commons view talk edit

Variant kappa

Kappa (uppercase Κ, lowercase κ or ϰ; Greek: κάππα) is the 10th letter of the Greek alphabet, used to represent the /k/ sound in Ancient and Modern Greek. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 20. It was derived from the Phoenician letter kaph . Letters that arose from kappa include the Roman K and Cyrillic К.

Greek proper names and placenames containing kappa are often written in English with "c" due to contemporary rendering into the Latin alphabet by ancient Romans. However, modern transliteration of the Greek language invariably use the letter "k". Compare Κυνοσκεφαλαι, Cynoscephalae (ancient placename); κυνος κεφαλαι, kunos kephalai (phrase), meaning "dog's heads". In mathematics, the kappa curve is named after this letter; the tangents of this curve were first calculated by Barrow (17th century).

Symbol[link]

• In graph theory, the connectivity of a graph is given by κ.
• In differential geometry, the curvature of a curve is given by κ.
• In physics, the torsional constant of an oscillator is given by κ as well as Einstein constant of gravitation.
• In structural engineering, κ is the ratio of the smaller factored moment to the larger factored moment and is used to calculate the critical elastic moment of an unbraced steel member.
• In electrical engineering, κ is the multiplication factor, a function of the R/X ratio of the equivalent power system network, which is used in calculating the peak short-circuit current of a system fault. κ is also used to notate conductivity, the reciprocal of resistivity, rho.
• In chemistry, the compressibility of a compound is given by κ.
• In psychology and psychiatry, kappa represents a measure of diagnostic reliability.
• In biology, kappa and kappa prime are important nucleotide motifs for a tertiary interaction of group II introns.
• In biology, kappa designates a subtype of an antibody component.
• In pharmacology, kappa represents a type of opioid receptor.
• Kappa statistics such as Cohen's kappa and Fleiss' kappa are methods for calculating inter-rater reliability.

Upper-case letter Κ is used as a symbol for:

• In textual criticism, the Byzantine text-type (from Κοινη, Koine, the common text).
• In set theory, kappa is often used to denote an ordinal which is also a cardinal.lez:Каппа (гьарф)vep:Kappa

Keiko Matsui
Background information
Genres	Smooth jazz Jazz Fusion New age
Occupations	Composer, Keyboardist
Years active	1987–present
Labels	Shanachie Shout! JVC
Website	keikomatsui.com

Keiko Matsui (松居慶子^?), born July 26, 1963 in Tokyo, Japan as Keiko Doi, is a Japanese smooth jazz/jazz fusion/new age/ keyboardist and composer whose career spans three decades, during which time she has released twenty CDs (in addition to various compilations) and has received international acclaim. She resides in Los Angeles, California.

Early years[link]

Keiko Doi's mother Emiko brought her to her first piano lesson in the June following her fifth birthday in 1966. Japanese tradition holds that a child who is introduced to lessons at this time will continue in those studies for a long time. The tradition held true for Doi, who studied piano throughout her school years. Though her early training focused on classical music, in junior high school she developed an interest in jazz and began composing her own music. Some of her musical influences at this time included Stevie Wonder, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Maurice Jarre and Chick Corea.

Doi studied children's culture at Japan Women's University (日本女子大学, nihon joshidaigaku^?), but she also continued to study music at the Yamaha Music Foundation. Doi was a top student in the Yamaha System and was selected at the age of seventeen to be a recording artist for them. Thus she joined the Japanese jazz fusion group Cosmos, which recorded seven albums.

At age 19, Yamaha sent Doi to America to record an album, and there she met Kazu Matsui, who had been selected as a producer for the project. In 1987 Matsui recorded her solo debut LP A Drop of Water, The album's title, the name of a song by Carl Anderson, was in memory of those who had died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster the year before. Its success led to a record deal with MCA Records.

Recording success[link]

Keiko Matsui released two albums under the MCA label before moving on to White Cat, Countdown, Unity and currently Narada. The 1990s saw Matsui's albums rising in the charts. Sapphire hit number two on Billboard's weekly Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart, and Dream Walk reached number three. Matsui was rated Billboard's number three Top Contemporary Jazz Artist for 1997 (where she was the only female jazz artist in the top ten), and both Dream Walk and Sapphire appeared in Billboard's Top Ten Indie Contemporary Jazz Albums for the same year.^{[citation needed]}

Matsui received the Oasis award for Best Female Smooth Jazz Artist of the Year in 1999 and again in 2000. In 2001, Matsui's first album with Narada, Deep Blue, finally took her to the number one spot on Billboard's Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and held the position for three weeks.^{[citation needed]}

When United States President George W. Bush visited Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's residence on February 18, 2002, Keiko Matsui was invited to the reception and met both men and members of their administrations.

Matsui discovered saxophonist Paul Taylor, who appeared on Sapphire, Dream Walk, and Full Moon and the Shrine before going on to a successful career of his own [1].

Charitable causes[link]

Matsui has taken an interest in a variety of charitable causes. Her 1997 mini-CD A Gift of Hope went to support the Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization, and her music appeared in a Lifetime channel special about breast cancer, "Say It, Fight It, Cure It." Matsui also played at a special ice skating benefit in 1997 to support the Susan G. Komen for the Cure.

Proceeds from Matsui's 2001 mini-CD A Gift of Life went to the National Marrow Donor Program and the Marrow Foundation in support of their program Asians for Miracle Marrow Matches, which promotes the registration of people of ethnic minorities as marrow donors in hopes of improving the chance of finding matching donors for people of similar descent in need.

Royalties from the title track of Matsui's 2004 CD Wildflower went to support of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Matsui played at the United Nations Headquarters building in New York City on December 17, 2003, to benefit the WFP and fight world hunger.

The Keiko Matsui sound[link]

Matsui's music is powerful and introspective, blending both Western and Eastern musical influences. She has a very spiritual view of composing music, feeling out each composition as though it were, in her words, "coming to me from another space, another dimension," and "catching notes from the silence and then simply placing them together" [2]. Matsui sees music as "the great gifts from the human souls from the past, for the children of the future" [3]. She believes that music has a power to bring people together and change their lives. "We are connected by music," Matsui wrote, "as the Ocean connects the continents" [4].

A lover of nature, Matsui often makes reference to plants, animals, the elements, and other natural features and phenomena in her song titles. She shows a special fascination with the moon as a number of her compositions refer to the moon in their titles.

Matsui's music shows signs of evolving over the years. Her American debut album A Drop of Water showed a promise of east meets west with a jazz fusion flavor. However, her recordings for MCA Records in the early 1990s lacked this appeal and, for many, sounded indistinguishable from the rest of what is now known as smooth jazz. Starting with Cherry Blossom, though, her music increased in popularity as she differentiated herself from the rest of contemporary jazz. By the time Sapphire was released in 1995, her music flirted with everything from funk music to Latin and world music.

Whisper From the Mirror from 2000 showed Matsui leaving the smooth jazz style and moving towards new age with a soundscape sound. A number of her fans had a problem adapting to her new style of music (though she continued to play smooth jazz at her concerts). But many welcomed the change. Over time her post-2000 albums show a more worldbeat flavor to them. Her 2005 release Walls of Akendora, however, is a return to her pre-2000, smooth jazz days.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

Cosmos[link]

• HYORYU (Toshiba-EMI, 1980–1981, soundtrack)

LP: ETP-90060 (side one: 7 songs, side two: 8 songs)

• Session III (YAMAHA R&D Studio, 1981)

LP: YDD8101 (5 songs); CD: YCD8301 (6 songs)

• CAN CAN CAN! (Canyon Records, 1982)

LP: C25R0092 (side one: 4 songs, side two: 4 songs); CD: D32R0015

• Bourbonsuite (Canyon Records, 1982)

LP: C25R0103 (side one: 5 songs, side two: 5 songs)

• MUSITOPIA (Canyon Records, 1983)

LP: C25R0110 (side one: 4 songs, side two: 5 songs); CD: D35R0008

• MUSOU TOSHI (Canyon Records, 1984)

LP: C25R0126 (side one: 4 songs, side two: 5 songs)

• Lensman TV Series soundtrack (Canyon Records, 1984)

LP: C28A0391 (side one: 8 songs, side two: 9 songs)

• COSMOS THE BEST - (Canyon Records, 1985, compilation of COSMOS songs)

CD: D32R0039 (14 songs)

• Session V (Yamaha R&D Studios, 1985)

CD: YCD8501 (12 songs)

• Keiko Project (Canyon Records, 1985, compositions of Keiko Doi from earlier COSMOS albums)

LP: C18A0434 (side one: 2 songs, side two: 2 songs) highly unusual, all songs have vocals.

Solo releases[link]

• A Drop of Water (Passport Jazz Records, 1987, rereleased in 1993 & 2003, with one bonus track added each time)
• Under Northern Lights (MCA Records, 1989)
• No Borders (MCA Records, 1990)
• Night Waltz (Sin-Drome Records, 1991)
• Cherry Blossom (White Cat, 1992)
• Doll (White Cat, 1994)
• Sapphire (White Cat, 1995)
• Dream Walk (Countdown, 1996)
• A Gift of Hope (Unity, 1997)
• Keiko Matsui Collection (GRP Records, 1997)
• Full Moon and the Shrine (Countdown, 1998)

This CD includes one of Matsui's best-known pieces, "Forever, Forever."

• Keiko Matsui Live (Countdown, 1999)
• Best Selection (Pione, 1999)
• Whisper From the Mirror (Countdown, 2000)
• Glance of the Past (Countdown, 2001)
• The Wind and the Wolf (Pione, 2000)
• Hidamari no Ki (2000) anime soundtrack (Planet Joy 2002)
• Deep Blue (Narada, 2001)
• A Gift of Life (Narada, 2001)
• The Ring (Narada, 2002)
• Live in Tokyo (Sony/Columbia, 2002)
• Spring Selection (Sony/Columbia, 2003)
• The Piano (Narada, 2003)
• White Owl (Narada, 2003)
• Wildflower (Narada, 2004)
• The Very Best of Keiko Matsui (GRP Records, 2004)
• Summer Selection (Sony/Columbia, 2004)
• Walls of Akendora (Narada, 2005)
• Moyo (Heart & Soul) (Shout! Factory, 2007)
• The Road... (Shanachie Records, 2011)

Several of these albums have been later re-released under different record labels.

Duet releases[link]

• Altair & Vega -　with Bob James(eOne Music, 2011)

Guest appearances[link]

• Mariko Tone - "Just My Tone" (1987)
• Akira Asakura – "Spread Colors"
• Kazu Matsui – Tribal Mozart (Countdown, 1997)
• Kazu Matsui – Tribal Shubert (Countdown, 1999)
• Bob James – Dancing on the Water (Warner Brothers/WEA, 2000)
• Kazu Matsui - Tribal Beethoven (Planet Joy, 2001)
• Jason Miles – "Miles to Miles" (Narada, 2005)

Compilation appearances[link]

• Smooth Jazz V98.7 FM – Vol. 3 (label and release date unknown; released by radio station WVMV-FM, Detroit)
• All That Jazz III (GRP Records, release date unknown)
• KMJZ Smooth Jazz Sampler Volume 1 (KMJZ, release date unknown)
• 20 Years of Narada Piano
• New Age Music & New Sounds Vol. 67 - "Liberty"
• KWJZ Smooth Jazz Sampler Volume 2 (KWJZ, release date 1994)

Videos[link]

• Bridge Over The Stars
• Full Moon And The Shrine
• Light Above the Trees (Winstar, 1998)
• The Jazz Channel Presents Keiko Matsui (Image Entertainment, 2001) DVD
• White Owl (Narada, 2003) DVD included with the 'White Owl' CD; concert at Bunkamura Orchard Hall (Tokyo, 2002)
• Walls of Akendora bonus DVD included with the music CD; 9 songs with track 10 a home movie of being on the road (2004).

Books[link]

• Compositions (2005) - Sheet music for ten of Matsui's favorite songs, plus two more bonus songs, with instructional CD. Out of stock with retailers since before 2006, but available at her music engagements and perhaps elsewhere.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Keiko Matsui

• Keiko Matsui Official Website
• Narada Productions, a recording label
• Keiko Matsui discography at MusicBrainz
• Keiko Matsui at Allmusic