-
History of Italy (1559–1814)
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
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History of Italy (1559–1814)
=======Image-Copyright-Info=======
Image is in public domain
Author-Info: F l a n k e r from the original paint of Paolo Paschetto
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
☆Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
published: 26 Dec 2015
-
History of Italy Explained in 16 Minutes
Join the Captivating History Book Club: https://bit.ly/3TMmpU2
Get a FREE mythology bundle ebook covering Greek, Norse, and Egyptian mythology here:
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You can get the audiobook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.audible.com/pd/B08V89KNWX/?source_code=AUDFPWS0223189MWT-BK-ACX0-233776&ref;=acx_bty_BK_ACX0_233776_rh_us
You can get the paperback version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements/dp/1637160356
And the ebook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements-ebook/dp/B08NYRK1BW
It is not an easy job to draw the border between the history of Italy and the history of Rome. In so many places, the two political and geographic...
published: 03 Aug 2021
-
Anthem of Royaume d'Italie - Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814)
During the Italian Campaign in 1796, Napoleon defeated the Italian monarchies and the Austrian army. By italians he was seen as a liberator initially, in fact Napoleon had an italian origin, but after he betrayed the hope of the Italian patriots, like Ugo Foscolo, when with the Treaty of Campoformio, Napoleon gave the millenary Republic of Venetia to the Austrian Empire.
After the coup d'etate of the 18th Brumaire Napoleon became the President of the Italian Republic in 1802 and after ,in 1805, he crowned himself King of Italy in Milan.
But the Italian Kingdom was only a puppet state of the French Empire, and he lose rapidly the trust of the Italian people, steling a lot of works of art and brought them in France and forcing hundreds of young italians to fought for him in the Napo...
published: 24 Jan 2020
-
The Complete History of Italy 🇮🇹
The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites and Umbrians), Celts, Greek Colonists and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula. In antiquity, Italy was the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the Roman Empire. Rome was founded as a Kingdom in 753 BC and became a republic in 509 BC, when the monarchy was overthrown in favor of a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic then unified Italy at the expense of the Etruscans, Celts, and Greek Colonists of the peninsula. Rome led the federation of the Italic peoples, and later, with the Rise of Rome, dominated Western Europe, Northern Africa, and the Near East. The R...
published: 02 Apr 2022
-
History of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio art...
published: 03 Nov 2018
-
Military history of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Military history of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio ...
published: 02 Dec 2018
-
24: Exporting the French Revolution (Part One): Italy
Broers (2001) Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Lotharingia: Acculturation and the Boundaries of Napoleonic Europe:
https://booksc.org/book/50087683/383a14
published: 23 Jul 2022
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European Countries Biggest Import and Export Partners
#countries #maps #history #europe #africa #shorts #empire #stats #usa
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published: 21 Mar 2023
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Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
00:05:43 1 Etymology
00:07:52 2 History
00:08:01 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity
00:10:26 2.2 Ancient Rome
00:13:10 2.3 Middle Ages
00:17:04 2.4 Early Modern
00:23:06 2.5 Italian unification
00:26:26 2.6 Monarchical period
00:30:05 2.7 Fascist regime
00:34:27 2.8 Republican Italy
00:39:49 3 Geography
00:43:19 3.1 Waters
00:44:50 3.2 Volcanology
00:46:41 3.3 Environment
00:49:12 3.4 Biodiversity
00:51:31 3.5 Climate
00:53:15 4 Politics
00:54:04 4.1 Government
00:56:51 4.2 Law and criminal justice
00:58:27 4.2.1 Law enforcement
00:59:30 4.3 Foreign relations
01:01:52 4.4 Military
01:04:24 4.5 Administrative divisions
01:04:59 5 Economy
01:09:44 5.1 Agriculture
01:11:43 5.2 Infrastructure
01:14:12 5.3 Sc...
published: 31 Dec 2018
-
Administrative divisions of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Administrative divisions of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedi...
published: 02 Dec 2018
20:14
History of Italy (1559–1814)
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
History of Italy (1559–1814)
===...
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
History of Italy (1559–1814)
=======Image-Copyright-Info=======
Image is in public domain
Author-Info: F l a n k e r from the original paint of Paolo Paschetto
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
☆Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
https://wn.com/History_Of_Italy_(1559–1814)
If you find our videos helpful you can support us by buying something from amazon.
https://www.amazon.com/?tag=wiki-audio-20
History of Italy (1559–1814)
=======Image-Copyright-Info=======
Image is in public domain
Author-Info: F l a n k e r from the original paint of Paolo Paschetto
Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Italy.svg
=======Image-Copyright-Info========
☆Video is targeted to blind users
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
image source in video
- published: 26 Dec 2015
- views: 26
16:03
History of Italy Explained in 16 Minutes
Join the Captivating History Book Club: https://bit.ly/3TMmpU2
Get a FREE mythology bundle ebook covering Greek, Norse, and Egyptian mythology here:
http://ww...
Join the Captivating History Book Club: https://bit.ly/3TMmpU2
Get a FREE mythology bundle ebook covering Greek, Norse, and Egyptian mythology here:
http://www.captivatinghistory.com/ebook
You can get the audiobook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.audible.com/pd/B08V89KNWX/?source_code=AUDFPWS0223189MWT-BK-ACX0-233776&ref;=acx_bty_BK_ACX0_233776_rh_us
You can get the paperback version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements/dp/1637160356
And the ebook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements-ebook/dp/B08NYRK1BW
It is not an easy job to draw the border between the history of Italy and the history of Rome. In so many places, the two political and geographical entities collide. They wouldn’t be possible without each other, but they each have their own story. Rome’s history is only a small fragment of Italy’s history. Although it is just a city, Rome was the birthplace of the republic, a great empire, and notable philosophers, poets, and artists. But on a larger scale, Rome expanded its borders, spreading not only through Italy but also through the whole known world. In that context, Rome ceased being only a city; it also became a universal imperial symbol and the pride of Italy.
See all captivating history books here:
https://www.amazon.com/author/captivatinghistory
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/captivatinghistory
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https://wn.com/History_Of_Italy_Explained_In_16_Minutes
Join the Captivating History Book Club: https://bit.ly/3TMmpU2
Get a FREE mythology bundle ebook covering Greek, Norse, and Egyptian mythology here:
http://www.captivatinghistory.com/ebook
You can get the audiobook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.audible.com/pd/B08V89KNWX/?source_code=AUDFPWS0223189MWT-BK-ACX0-233776&ref;=acx_bty_BK_ACX0_233776_rh_us
You can get the paperback version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements/dp/1637160356
And the ebook version of History of Italy here:
https://www.amazon.com/History-Italy-Captivating-Starting-Settlements-ebook/dp/B08NYRK1BW
It is not an easy job to draw the border between the history of Italy and the history of Rome. In so many places, the two political and geographical entities collide. They wouldn’t be possible without each other, but they each have their own story. Rome’s history is only a small fragment of Italy’s history. Although it is just a city, Rome was the birthplace of the republic, a great empire, and notable philosophers, poets, and artists. But on a larger scale, Rome expanded its borders, spreading not only through Italy but also through the whole known world. In that context, Rome ceased being only a city; it also became a universal imperial symbol and the pride of Italy.
See all captivating history books here:
https://www.amazon.com/author/captivatinghistory
Follow us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/captivatinghistory
Follow us on Twitter: @CaptivHistory
- published: 03 Aug 2021
- views: 725725
2:25
Anthem of Royaume d'Italie - Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy (1805-1814)
During the Italian Campaign in 1796, Napoleon defeated the Italian monarchies and the Austrian army. By italians he was seen as a liberator initially, in fact N...
During the Italian Campaign in 1796, Napoleon defeated the Italian monarchies and the Austrian army. By italians he was seen as a liberator initially, in fact Napoleon had an italian origin, but after he betrayed the hope of the Italian patriots, like Ugo Foscolo, when with the Treaty of Campoformio, Napoleon gave the millenary Republic of Venetia to the Austrian Empire.
After the coup d'etate of the 18th Brumaire Napoleon became the President of the Italian Republic in 1802 and after ,in 1805, he crowned himself King of Italy in Milan.
But the Italian Kingdom was only a puppet state of the French Empire, and he lose rapidly the trust of the Italian people, steling a lot of works of art and brought them in France and forcing hundreds of young italians to fought for him in the Napoleonic Army.
Le Royaume d'Italie finished in 1814, at the end of the Napoleonic Age, and with the Restoration, all italian states were reformed, with a big austrian influence on the most of them. Napoleon was remembered badly by italians, but thanks to him, the patriotic fervor was kindled in Italy, and his actions had important ripercussions during the 19th century
https://wn.com/Anthem_Of_Royaume_D'Italie_Napoleonic_Kingdom_Of_Italy_(1805_1814)
During the Italian Campaign in 1796, Napoleon defeated the Italian monarchies and the Austrian army. By italians he was seen as a liberator initially, in fact Napoleon had an italian origin, but after he betrayed the hope of the Italian patriots, like Ugo Foscolo, when with the Treaty of Campoformio, Napoleon gave the millenary Republic of Venetia to the Austrian Empire.
After the coup d'etate of the 18th Brumaire Napoleon became the President of the Italian Republic in 1802 and after ,in 1805, he crowned himself King of Italy in Milan.
But the Italian Kingdom was only a puppet state of the French Empire, and he lose rapidly the trust of the Italian people, steling a lot of works of art and brought them in France and forcing hundreds of young italians to fought for him in the Napoleonic Army.
Le Royaume d'Italie finished in 1814, at the end of the Napoleonic Age, and with the Restoration, all italian states were reformed, with a big austrian influence on the most of them. Napoleon was remembered badly by italians, but thanks to him, the patriotic fervor was kindled in Italy, and his actions had important ripercussions during the 19th century
- published: 24 Jan 2020
- views: 16658
36:54
The Complete History of Italy 🇮🇹
The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such a...
The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites and Umbrians), Celts, Greek Colonists and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula. In antiquity, Italy was the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the Roman Empire. Rome was founded as a Kingdom in 753 BC and became a republic in 509 BC, when the monarchy was overthrown in favor of a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic then unified Italy at the expense of the Etruscans, Celts, and Greek Colonists of the peninsula. Rome led the federation of the Italic peoples, and later, with the Rise of Rome, dominated Western Europe, Northern Africa, and the Near East. The Roman Republic saw its fall after the assassination of Julius Caesar. The Roman Empire later dominated Western Europe and the Mediterranean for many centuries, making immeasurable contributions to the development of Western philosophy, science and art. After the fall of Rome in AD 476, Italy was fragmented in numerous city-states and regional polities, and, despite seeing famous personalities from its territory and closely related ones (such as Dante Alighieri, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Niccolò Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei or even Napoleon Bonaparte) rise, it remained politically divided to a large extent. The maritime republics, in particular Venice and Genoa, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce, and banking, acting as Europe's main port of entry for Asian and Near Eastern imported goods and laying the groundwork for capitalism. Central Italy remained under the Papal States, while the southern part remained largely feudal due to a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Spanish, and Bourbon crowns. The Italian Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, and art with the start of the modern era. Italian explorers (including Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci) discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the Age of Discovery, although the Italian states had no occasions to found colonial empires outside of the Mediterranean Basin. By the mid-19th century, the Italian unification (led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, backed by the Kingdom of Sardinia) led to the establishment of an Italian nation-state. The new Kingdom of Italy, established in 1861, quickly modernized and built a colonial empire, controlling parts of Africa, and countries along the Mediterranean. However, the southern Italy remained rural and poor, originating the Italian diaspora.
0:00:00 - intro
0:00:12 - Summary
0:01:02 - Prehistory
0:02:12 - Nuragic civilization
0:02:42 - Iron Age
0:02:52 - Etruscan civilization
0:04:08 - Italic peoples
0:05:14 - Magna Graecia
0:06:13 - Roman Kingdom
0:06:58 - Roman Republic
0:08:39 - Roman Empire
0:10:10 - Middle Ages
0:10:57 - Renaissance
0:11:40 - Literature, philosophy and science
0:12:40 - Architecture, sculpture and painting
0:13:01 - Age of Discovery
0:13:56 - Incessant warfare
0:14:10 - The Italian Wars
0:14:50 - From the Counter-Reformation to Napoleon
0:14:59 - The 17th century
0:15:57 - The 18th century
0:16:29 - The Age of Napoleon
0:18:48 - Unification (1814–1861)
0:21:07 - Southern Question
0:21:58 - Liberal Italy (1861–1922)
0:22:52 - Depretis
0:23:16 - Crispi and Giolitti
0:24:53 - Italy in World War I
0:26:11 - Rise of Fascism into power
0:27:38 - Religion
0:28:16 - Foreign politics
0:29:27 - World War II and the fall of Fascism
0:30:55 - Civil War, Allied advance and Liberation
0:31:47 - Kingdom of Italy joins Allied Powers
0:32:21 - Birth of the Republic
0:33:13 - Marshall Plan aid from the United States
0:34:02 - The economic miracle
0:34:46 - The Years of Lead
0:35:30 - Recent years (1992–present)
0:36:38 - outro
#Italy#History#TheKnowledgeVideoChannel
https://wn.com/The_Complete_History_Of_Italy_🇮🇹
The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites and Umbrians), Celts, Greek Colonists and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula. In antiquity, Italy was the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the Roman Empire. Rome was founded as a Kingdom in 753 BC and became a republic in 509 BC, when the monarchy was overthrown in favor of a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic then unified Italy at the expense of the Etruscans, Celts, and Greek Colonists of the peninsula. Rome led the federation of the Italic peoples, and later, with the Rise of Rome, dominated Western Europe, Northern Africa, and the Near East. The Roman Republic saw its fall after the assassination of Julius Caesar. The Roman Empire later dominated Western Europe and the Mediterranean for many centuries, making immeasurable contributions to the development of Western philosophy, science and art. After the fall of Rome in AD 476, Italy was fragmented in numerous city-states and regional polities, and, despite seeing famous personalities from its territory and closely related ones (such as Dante Alighieri, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Niccolò Machiavelli, Galileo Galilei or even Napoleon Bonaparte) rise, it remained politically divided to a large extent. The maritime republics, in particular Venice and Genoa, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce, and banking, acting as Europe's main port of entry for Asian and Near Eastern imported goods and laying the groundwork for capitalism. Central Italy remained under the Papal States, while the southern part remained largely feudal due to a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Spanish, and Bourbon crowns. The Italian Renaissance spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, and art with the start of the modern era. Italian explorers (including Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci) discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the Age of Discovery, although the Italian states had no occasions to found colonial empires outside of the Mediterranean Basin. By the mid-19th century, the Italian unification (led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, backed by the Kingdom of Sardinia) led to the establishment of an Italian nation-state. The new Kingdom of Italy, established in 1861, quickly modernized and built a colonial empire, controlling parts of Africa, and countries along the Mediterranean. However, the southern Italy remained rural and poor, originating the Italian diaspora.
0:00:00 - intro
0:00:12 - Summary
0:01:02 - Prehistory
0:02:12 - Nuragic civilization
0:02:42 - Iron Age
0:02:52 - Etruscan civilization
0:04:08 - Italic peoples
0:05:14 - Magna Graecia
0:06:13 - Roman Kingdom
0:06:58 - Roman Republic
0:08:39 - Roman Empire
0:10:10 - Middle Ages
0:10:57 - Renaissance
0:11:40 - Literature, philosophy and science
0:12:40 - Architecture, sculpture and painting
0:13:01 - Age of Discovery
0:13:56 - Incessant warfare
0:14:10 - The Italian Wars
0:14:50 - From the Counter-Reformation to Napoleon
0:14:59 - The 17th century
0:15:57 - The 18th century
0:16:29 - The Age of Napoleon
0:18:48 - Unification (1814–1861)
0:21:07 - Southern Question
0:21:58 - Liberal Italy (1861–1922)
0:22:52 - Depretis
0:23:16 - Crispi and Giolitti
0:24:53 - Italy in World War I
0:26:11 - Rise of Fascism into power
0:27:38 - Religion
0:28:16 - Foreign politics
0:29:27 - World War II and the fall of Fascism
0:30:55 - Civil War, Allied advance and Liberation
0:31:47 - Kingdom of Italy joins Allied Powers
0:32:21 - Birth of the Republic
0:33:13 - Marshall Plan aid from the United States
0:34:02 - The economic miracle
0:34:46 - The Years of Lead
0:35:30 - Recent years (1992–present)
0:36:38 - outro
#Italy#History#TheKnowledgeVideoChannel
- published: 02 Apr 2022
- views: 450
2:08:27
History of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula and insular Italy. The Italic tribe of the Latins formed the city of Rome as a Kingdom, which eventually became a Republic that united Italy by the third century BC and emerged as the dominant power of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of the military victories of generals such as Scipio, Aemilius Paullus, Scipio Aemilianus, Gaius Marius, Lucius Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar.
In 27 BC, Augustus established the Roman Empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana, two centuries of stability and relative peace in which Italy flourished as the leading political and economic centre of the known world. The death of the last of the good emperors, Marcus Aurelius, and the crisis of the third century marked the beginning of the decline of Rome. The Empire went through major changes in the following centuries, including the establishment of a tetrarchy in 293 under Diocletian and the end of the persecutions of Christians with the Edict of Milan of 313 under Constantine. The Bishop of Rome was granted religious primacy with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 and the West collapsed amid barbarian invasions in 476, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus.
During the early middle ages, the Italian peninsula suffered a series of wars of conquest by the Goths, the Byzantines and the Lombards, until Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor the day of Christmas of the year 800 in Rome. The Roman Pontiff and the German Emperor became the universal powers of Italy and Europe, but then entered in conflict for the investiture controversy and the clash between their factions: the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Empire led to the decline of Imperial influence in Italy, especially after the Humiliation of Canossa of Emperor Henry IV and the victory of Italian forces over Friedrich Barbarossa in the Battle of Legnano: by the 12th century Italy was organized in independent city-states.
The crusades launched by Pope Urban II and his successors proved to be successful for the maritime republics: Italy first experienced the Commercial Revolution, which caused the European economy to shift from agriculture to trade, and became the birthplace of banking and universities. Venice entered in control of the mediterranean trade routes and consolidated a maritime empire after the Sack of Constantinople of the Fourth Crusade and the Venetian-Genoese wars. Furthermore, Frederick of Sicily made Italy the cultural and strategic centre of a large reign that included Imperial Germany and, following the Sixth Crusade, the Kingdom of Jerusalem. These socio-economic factors paved the way for the beginning of the Renaissance in Florence, Tuscany, in the 14th century.
Renaissance philosophy, art, science and exploration marked the transition to the modern era and notable figures such as Leonardo, Dante, Giotto, Marco Polo, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, and Galileo made important contributions in their fields between the Trecento and the Seicento. The period was also characterised by the activities of the condottieri in the Italian Renaissance Wars (1494-1559), a long conflict that broke the Peace of Lodi maintained by Lorenzo de Medici and began a period of domestic disputes and foreign invasions. The peace of Cateau-Cambresis established Habsburg Spain as the ruler of the South of Italy and Milan, while the Duchy of Florence and the Venetian Republic remained independent.
Meanwhile, the Papacy reached its zenith of political power by reacting to protestantism with the Catholic Reformation, a movement that resulted in: the Council of Trent, the Christianization of large parts of the world, the activities of the Roman Inquisition, the adoption of the G ...
https://wn.com/History_Of_Italy_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
In archaic times, ancient Greeks, Etruscans and Celts established settlements in the south, the centre and the north of Italy respectively, while various Italian tribes and Italic peoples inhabited the Italian peninsula and insular Italy. The Italic tribe of the Latins formed the city of Rome as a Kingdom, which eventually became a Republic that united Italy by the third century BC and emerged as the dominant power of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea as a consequence of the military victories of generals such as Scipio, Aemilius Paullus, Scipio Aemilianus, Gaius Marius, Lucius Sulla, Pompey and Julius Caesar.
In 27 BC, Augustus established the Roman Empire and inaugurated the Pax Romana, two centuries of stability and relative peace in which Italy flourished as the leading political and economic centre of the known world. The death of the last of the good emperors, Marcus Aurelius, and the crisis of the third century marked the beginning of the decline of Rome. The Empire went through major changes in the following centuries, including the establishment of a tetrarchy in 293 under Diocletian and the end of the persecutions of Christians with the Edict of Milan of 313 under Constantine. The Bishop of Rome was granted religious primacy with the Edict of Thessalonica in 380 and the West collapsed amid barbarian invasions in 476, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustus.
During the early middle ages, the Italian peninsula suffered a series of wars of conquest by the Goths, the Byzantines and the Lombards, until Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor the day of Christmas of the year 800 in Rome. The Roman Pontiff and the German Emperor became the universal powers of Italy and Europe, but then entered in conflict for the investiture controversy and the clash between their factions: the Guelphs and Ghibellines. The struggle for power between the Papacy and the Empire led to the decline of Imperial influence in Italy, especially after the Humiliation of Canossa of Emperor Henry IV and the victory of Italian forces over Friedrich Barbarossa in the Battle of Legnano: by the 12th century Italy was organized in independent city-states.
The crusades launched by Pope Urban II and his successors proved to be successful for the maritime republics: Italy first experienced the Commercial Revolution, which caused the European economy to shift from agriculture to trade, and became the birthplace of banking and universities. Venice entered in control of the mediterranean trade routes and consolidated a maritime empire after the Sack of Constantinople of the Fourth Crusade and the Venetian-Genoese wars. Furthermore, Frederick of Sicily made Italy the cultural and strategic centre of a large reign that included Imperial Germany and, following the Sixth Crusade, the Kingdom of Jerusalem. These socio-economic factors paved the way for the beginning of the Renaissance in Florence, Tuscany, in the 14th century.
Renaissance philosophy, art, science and exploration marked the transition to the modern era and notable figures such as Leonardo, Dante, Giotto, Marco Polo, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, and Galileo made important contributions in their fields between the Trecento and the Seicento. The period was also characterised by the activities of the condottieri in the Italian Renaissance Wars (1494-1559), a long conflict that broke the Peace of Lodi maintained by Lorenzo de Medici and began a period of domestic disputes and foreign invasions. The peace of Cateau-Cambresis established Habsburg Spain as the ruler of the South of Italy and Milan, while the Duchy of Florence and the Venetian Republic remained independent.
Meanwhile, the Papacy reached its zenith of political power by reacting to protestantism with the Catholic Reformation, a movement that resulted in: the Council of Trent, the Christianization of large parts of the world, the activities of the Roman Inquisition, the adoption of the G ...
- published: 03 Nov 2018
- views: 100
1:10:10
Military history of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Military history of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Military history of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC, through the Roman Empire, Italian unification, and into the modern day. The Italian peninsula has been a centre of military conflict throughout European history: because of this, Italy has a long military tradition.
https://wn.com/Military_History_Of_Italy_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Military history of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The military history of Italy chronicles a vast time period, lasting from the overthrow of Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC, through the Roman Empire, Italian unification, and into the modern day. The Italian peninsula has been a centre of military conflict throughout European history: because of this, Italy has a long military tradition.
- published: 02 Dec 2018
- views: 92
1:01:47
24: Exporting the French Revolution (Part One): Italy
Broers (2001) Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Lotharingia: Acculturation and the Boundaries of Napoleonic Europe:
https://booksc.org/book/50087683/383a14
Broers (2001) Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Lotharingia: Acculturation and the Boundaries of Napoleonic Europe:
https://booksc.org/book/50087683/383a14
https://wn.com/24_Exporting_The_French_Revolution_(Part_One)_Italy
Broers (2001) Napoleon, Charlemagne, and Lotharingia: Acculturation and the Boundaries of Napoleonic Europe:
https://booksc.org/book/50087683/383a14
- published: 23 Jul 2022
- views: 7881
0:09
European Countries Biggest Import and Export Partners
#countries #maps #history #europe #africa #shorts #empire #stats #usa
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#Countries #history #geography #maps #america #memes #asia #most #balkan #europe #russiaukrainewar #ukraine #france #germany #spain #italy #turkey #romania #poland #usa #uk #serbia #norway #sweden #finland #greece #portugal #belarus #estonia #slovakia #czech #danemark #belgium #netherlands #switzerland #bulgaria #croatia #ireland
- published: 21 Mar 2023
- views: 81209
2:08:37
Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
00:05:43 1 Etymology
00:07:52 2 History
00:08:01 2.1 Prehistory and...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
00:05:43 1 Etymology
00:07:52 2 History
00:08:01 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity
00:10:26 2.2 Ancient Rome
00:13:10 2.3 Middle Ages
00:17:04 2.4 Early Modern
00:23:06 2.5 Italian unification
00:26:26 2.6 Monarchical period
00:30:05 2.7 Fascist regime
00:34:27 2.8 Republican Italy
00:39:49 3 Geography
00:43:19 3.1 Waters
00:44:50 3.2 Volcanology
00:46:41 3.3 Environment
00:49:12 3.4 Biodiversity
00:51:31 3.5 Climate
00:53:15 4 Politics
00:54:04 4.1 Government
00:56:51 4.2 Law and criminal justice
00:58:27 4.2.1 Law enforcement
00:59:30 4.3 Foreign relations
01:01:52 4.4 Military
01:04:24 4.5 Administrative divisions
01:04:59 5 Economy
01:09:44 5.1 Agriculture
01:11:43 5.2 Infrastructure
01:14:12 5.3 Science and technology
01:18:34 5.4 Tourism
01:20:11 6 Demographics
01:22:39 6.1 Metropolitan cities and larger urban zone
01:22:51 6.2 Immigration
01:25:21 6.3 Languages
01:27:57 6.4 Religion
01:30:37 6.5 Education
01:32:48 6.6 Health
01:34:30 7 Culture
01:36:01 7.1 Architecture
01:37:41 7.2 Visual art
01:41:37 7.3 Literature
01:47:39 7.4 Theatre
01:50:05 7.5 Music
01:54:48 7.6 Cinema
01:58:15 7.7 Sport
02:02:02 7.8 Fashion and design
02:03:51 7.9 Cuisine
02:06:06 7.10 Public holidays and festivals
02:08:19 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.943880845879493
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italy (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja] (listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna]), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe.
Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated its neighbours. In the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became the leading cultural, political and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity and the Latin script.
During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin and Spanish conquests of the region.The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. I ...
https://wn.com/Italy_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy
00:05:43 1 Etymology
00:07:52 2 History
00:08:01 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity
00:10:26 2.2 Ancient Rome
00:13:10 2.3 Middle Ages
00:17:04 2.4 Early Modern
00:23:06 2.5 Italian unification
00:26:26 2.6 Monarchical period
00:30:05 2.7 Fascist regime
00:34:27 2.8 Republican Italy
00:39:49 3 Geography
00:43:19 3.1 Waters
00:44:50 3.2 Volcanology
00:46:41 3.3 Environment
00:49:12 3.4 Biodiversity
00:51:31 3.5 Climate
00:53:15 4 Politics
00:54:04 4.1 Government
00:56:51 4.2 Law and criminal justice
00:58:27 4.2.1 Law enforcement
00:59:30 4.3 Foreign relations
01:01:52 4.4 Military
01:04:24 4.5 Administrative divisions
01:04:59 5 Economy
01:09:44 5.1 Agriculture
01:11:43 5.2 Infrastructure
01:14:12 5.3 Science and technology
01:18:34 5.4 Tourism
01:20:11 6 Demographics
01:22:39 6.1 Metropolitan cities and larger urban zone
01:22:51 6.2 Immigration
01:25:21 6.3 Languages
01:27:57 6.4 Religion
01:30:37 6.5 Education
01:32:48 6.6 Health
01:34:30 7 Culture
01:36:01 7.1 Architecture
01:37:41 7.2 Visual art
01:41:37 7.3 Literature
01:47:39 7.4 Theatre
01:50:05 7.5 Music
01:54:48 7.6 Cinema
01:58:15 7.7 Sport
02:02:02 7.8 Fashion and design
02:03:51 7.9 Cuisine
02:06:06 7.10 Public holidays and festivals
02:08:19 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
Speaking Rate: 0.943880845879493
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italy (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja] (listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna]), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in Southern Europe.
Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated its neighbours. In the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became the leading cultural, political and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity and the Latin script.
During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin and Spanish conquests of the region.The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. I ...
- published: 31 Dec 2018
- views: 600
2:01:59
Administrative divisions of Italy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Administrative divisions of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. ...
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Administrative divisions of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italy (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja] (listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna]), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in southern Europe.
Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated its neighbours. In the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became the leading cultural, political and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity and the Latin script.
During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin and Spanish conquests of the region.The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Galileo and Machiavelli. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers such as Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, John Cabot and Giovanni da Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy's commercial and political power significantly waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean. Centuries of infighting between the Italian city-states, such the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left the region fragmented, and it was subsequently conquered by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria.
By the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1871, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, namely in the north, and acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy ...
https://wn.com/Administrative_Divisions_Of_Italy_|_Wikipedia_Audio_Article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Administrative divisions of Italy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuKfABj2eGyjH3ntPxp4YeQ
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts
"The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing."
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Italy (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja] (listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna]), is a country in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. With around 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous EU member state and the most populous country in southern Europe.
Due to its central geographic location in Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to a myriad of peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively. The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated its neighbours. In the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became the leading cultural, political and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity and the Latin script.
During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured sociopolitical collapse and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century, numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through shipping, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism. These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin and Spanish conquests of the region.The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Galileo and Machiavelli. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers such as Marco Polo, Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, John Cabot and Giovanni da Verrazzano discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy's commercial and political power significantly waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean. Centuries of infighting between the Italian city-states, such the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left the region fragmented, and it was subsequently conquered by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria.
By the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1871, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, namely in the north, and acquired a colonial empire, while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora. Despite being one of the main victors in World War I, Italy ...
- published: 02 Dec 2018
- views: 424