comScore (stylized as comSCORE.) is an Internet marketing research company providing marketing data and services to many of the Internet's largest businesses.^[1] comScore tracks all Internet data on its surveyed computers in order to study online behavior.

History[link]

comScore Networks was founded in August 1999 in Reston, Virginia.^[2] The company was co-founded by Gian Fulgoni, who was for many years the CEO of market research company Information Resources, Inc. (IRI) and Magid Abraham, who was also an ex-IRI employee and had served as President of IRI in the mid-1990s.

Magid and Gian came up with the idea while working with one of the original investors in the company, Mike Santer, who thought up the concept of creating a very large consumer panel online to track online commerce. The problem was that the traditional methods in which companies were tracking online behavior would not work in tracking commerce, because of the lower incidence of buying online. Normal panels in tracking visitation would be around 20-30K and, with less than 2-3% of the population buying online, the panel size needed to be at least 1-2MM. They decided to build a very large panel using more aggressive recruiting methodology and managing for the error by using advanced statistical methods and controls. Years and tens of millions of dollars went into finding the best ways to measure online buying and other behaviors, plus the level of accuracy required for Fortune 1000 companies to buy.^{[citation needed]}

In 2000, comScore bought certain assets and the customer agreements of PCData of Reston, Virginia. PCData was among the earliest Web measurement firms, but increasing competitive challenges (including a threat of a patent infringement lawsuit by industry pioneer Media Metrix) put PCData's future in doubt. The acquisition of PCData's large customer base helped accelerate the growth of comScore's syndicated measurement service, which was widely considered^{[citation needed]} to be more accurate than the service which PCData technology previously delivered.

By 2001, Media Metrix had built a market share lead but had been unable to create a sustainable financial structure. NetRatings, its closest competitor, was armed with strong capital reserves and announced its intention to acquire and integrate Media Metrix. However, after several months, the FTC announced its intention to block the acquisition and accordingly, NetRatings canceled the transaction. comScore was subsequently able to acquire Media Metrix in a deal announced in June 2002.

Media Metrix originated as PC Meter, a business unit of market research company NPD Group and began publishing statistics in January 1996.^[3] In July 1997, it changed its name to Media Metrix, citing the desire to track a wider variety of interactive traffic.^[4] In October 1998, Media Metrix merged with its nearest rival, Relevant Knowledge.^[5] The company went public as NASDAQ:MMXI in May 1999, reaching a market cap of $135 million on its first day of trading.^[6] In June 2000, the company acquired Jupiter Communications for $414 million in stock and changed its name to Jupiter Media Metrix.^[7] In the aftermath of the dot-com bubble collapse and associated downturn in internet marketing spending, Jupiter sold the Media Metrix service to rival comScore for $1.5 million in June 2002.^[8]

On March 30, 2007, comScore announced its intent to sell shares in an initial public offering and be traded on the Nasdaq using the symbol "SCOR".^[9][10]

In May 2008, comScore announced its acquisition of M:Metrics, a company measuring mobile content consumption. The transaction involved a cash payment of $44.3 million and the issue of approximately 50,000 options to purchase shares of comScore common stock to certain M:Metrics unvested option holders.^[11]

comScore announced in October 2009 the acquisition of Certifica, a provider of real-time web measurement and digital marketing technology solutions in Latin America. Based in Santiago, Chile, Certifica has offices throughout Latin America, including Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Peru. The acquisition enhanced comScore’s presence in the rapidly-developing Latin American market.^[12]

In February 2010, comScore announced it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire the ARSgroup in an all-cash acquisition. Headquartered in Evansville, Indiana, ARSgroup’s areas of expertise include: brand strategy, all stages of creative development, campaign evaluation across all marketing and media channels, media planning and strategy, return-on-investment, and forecasting.^[13]

On July 1, 2010, comScore announced that it has acquired the products division of Nexius, Inc.^[14]

comScore then acquired web analytics and video measurement solutions provider Nedstat for approximately $36.7 million. Announced on September 1, 2010, the acquisition helps comScore accelerate its global expansion strategy, particularly in European markets.^[15]

Data collection and reporting[link]

comScore maintains a group of users who have monitoring software (with brands including PermissionResearch, OpinionSquare and VoiceFive Networks)^[16] installed on their computers.^{[citation needed]} In exchange for joining the comScore research panels, users are presented with various benefits, including computer security software, Internet data storage, virus scanning and chances to win cash or prizes.^{[citation needed]}

comScore is up-front about collecting user data and the software's ability to track all of a user's internet traffic,^[17] including normally secure (https://) connections used to communicate banking and other confidential information.^[18]

comScore estimates that two million users are part of the monitoring program.^[10] However, self-selected populations, no matter how large, may not be representative of the population as a whole. To obtain the most accurate data, comScore adjusts the statistics using weights to make sure that each population segment is adequately represented. To calculate these weights, comScore regularly recruits panelists using random digit dialing and other offline recruiting methods to accurately determine how many users are online, aggregated by geography, income and age.^[19][20][21] Correcting the comScore data requires having accurate demographics about the larger pool of users. However, some comScore users are recruited without being asked to give demographic information and, in other cases, users may not be truthful about their demographics. To ensure the accuracy of the data, comScore verifies its users' demographics during the course of measuring statistical data.^[22]

The corrected data is used to generate reports on topics ranging from web traffic^[23] to video streaming activity^[24] and consumer buying power.^[25]

Unified Digital Measurement[link]

With the introduction of Unified Digital Measurement (UDM) in May 2009, comScore implemented a solution to digital audience measurement that organically blended both panel and census-based measurement approaches into a single unified methodology. comScore has developed this proprietary methodology to calculate audience reach in a manner not affected by variables such as cookie deletion and cookie blocking/rejection to help reconcile longstanding differences between the two measurement approaches.^[26]

Criticism[link]

In 2006, Ben Edelman, a Harvard researcher, alleged^[27] that there were cases where comScore software had been installed on users' computers without their knowledge. comScore admitted that it was in discussion with spyware firm DollarRevenue but said that no contract was ever signed, and that once it realized DollarRevenue was distributing comScore's software, months later, it took steps to prevent the DollarRevenue-distributed software from sending data to comScore.^[28] Stanford IT notes that the monitoring software has been bundled with file sharing program iMesh without users being aware of it,^[18] although comScore's relationship with iMesh was short-lived and occurred several years ago.^[28]

In the past, the software forwarded users' internet traffic through comScore proxy servers, provoking criticism about speed performance.^[18][29] As a result, several universities and banks took steps to block the proxy servers.^[30][31] In response to these concerns, comScore no longer uses this technology.^{[citation needed]}

In June 2010, a warning about Mac Spyware being launched from free applications like screensavers, from security company Intego^[32] was reported in the media and implicated VoiceFive, Inc. as the source of certain alleged spyware software.^[33]

Awards[link]

Magid Abraham, President, CEO, and Co-Founder, comScore, Inc. received the 2009 Charles Coolidge Parlin Marketing Research Award at the 2009 AMA Marketing Research Conference.^[34]

comScore was selected as a winner of the 2009 Chicago Innovation Awards for its creative development of AdEffx in October 2009.^[35]

In June 2009 comScore and the GSM Association won the M.E.F. Award for Business Intelligence in Mobile Media.^[36]

comScore was rated as the preferred audience measurement service by 50.4 percent of respondents to the William Blair & Company 6th semiannual survey of the members of the Chicago Interactive Marketing Association (CIMA).^[37]

comScore was ranked as the 15th largest U.S. market research firm based on 2008 domestic revenues, growing faster than each of the largest 25 research firms, according to the 2008 Honomichl Top 50 report.^[38]

comScore was selected by World Economic Forum as one of 47 innovative companies in 2007.^[39]

Magid Abraham, Ph.D, co–founder and CEO of comScore, Inc. was honored with the Eighth Annual Buck Weaver Award for Marketing. The award recognizes individuals who have made important contributions to the advancement of theory and practice in marketing science.^[40]

Trees for Knowledge[link]

comScore Trees for Knowledge is a partnership with the non-profit organization, Trees for the Future, which provides resources to developing countries to improve rural livelihoods through the introduction of environmentally sustainable land management.

In 2008, comScore pledged an initial donation, which allowed for the planting of one million trees in developing communities throughout the world. Under this initiative, comScore has also pledged to continue to make donations when new panelists join and remain active in the comScore panel of global Internet users.^[41]

See also[link]

Competitors in internet market research include AdGooroo, Alexa, Nielsen Online, Hitwise, Quantcast, Gemius, and Compete, a TNS Media company.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• OpinionSquare and PermissionResearch (often classified as spyware), distribution sites for comScore's data-collection software
• Sears.com: Join the Community – Get Spyware CA Security Advisor Research Blog entry about Sears and comScore

Magid M. Abraham, Ph.D.
Born	(1958-04-13) April 13, 1958 (age 54)
Residence	Reston, Virginia
Alma mater	MIT Sloan School of Management, Ecole Polytechnique
Occupation	CEO, comScore

Magid M. Abraham, (born April 13, 1958) is an entrepreneur and expert^[1] on market research, consumer modeling, and information solutions. He has held several executive leadership positions throughout his career,^[2] two of which were within companies he founded.^[3]

Abraham has authored articles in a variety of academic and industry journals, including the Harvard Business Review, Journal of Marketing Research, and Marketing Science. He is a frequent speaker at the marketing industry’s biggest conferences worldwide, discussing Internet industry trends and marketing subjects of vital significance.^[4]

Early life[link]

Abraham was born in a small town in Lebanon, where he was raised on his father’s fruit farm.^[5] His interests in school included math, science, and especially physics, and this fascination has remained with him throughout his life. He attended Lebanon’s high school, followed by Paris’ engineering university, École Polytechnique. He went to the United States to attend the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he graduated with an M.B.A. in 1981 and later a Ph.D. in operations research. He was only 25 years old when he began his career at IRI.^[3][6]

Career[link]

Career Summary

• 1999 – Present : President, CEO, Co-Founder, comScore, Inc.^[7]
• 1995–1999   : CEO, Paragren Technologies, Inc. [Siebel Systems] ^[3]
• 1994–1995   : Vice Chairman, Board of Directors, Information Resources, Inc.,^[6]
• 1993–1994   : President & COO, Information Resources, Inc.,^[6]
• 1985–1992   : Various, Information Resources, Inc.^[6]

Dr. Abraham was founder and CEO of Paragren Technologies, Inc., which is now part of Siebel Systems. Dr. Abraham also spent 10 years in various leadership roles at Information Resources, Inc.^[8] (IRI). He served as President and Chief Operating Officer from 1993 to 1994, and later Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors from 1994 until 1995. During his IRI career, Dr. Abraham designed marketing applications that eventually became standards of CPG marketing practice, as referenced in his articles 'Promoter: An Automated Promotion Evaluation System', 1987, Journal of Marketing Science^[9] and 'An Implemented System for Improving Promotion Productivity Using Store Scanner Data', 1993, Journal of Marketing Science.^[10]

Abraham co-founded comScore, Inc.^[11] in 1999, an Internet Market Intelligence company where he remains president and CEO.^[7] The company provides marketing intelligence for companies in the CPG, internet media, media, retail, telecom, and other industries, spanning 6 continents and 41 countries. comScore was selected as a “Technology Pioneer” by the World Economic Forum before the forum’s annual conference in Davos in 2007. In 2010 comScore was accepted by the World Economic Forum as a Global Growth Company Shaper,^[12] a program that recognizes companies that are influencing global trends among growth technology companies.^[13]

Since January 2008, Dr. Abraham has been a member of the board of directors of Milo.com,^[14] a company founded by his son, Jack Abraham, which enables shoppers to research products online and buy at local stores where the item is available.^[15]

Industry Recognition[link]

In 2009, he received the American Marketing Association’s Parlin Award, a national honor recognizing one individual annually who has demonstrated “outstanding leadership and sustained impact on advancing the evolving profession of marketing research over an extended period of time”.^[16]

He was inducted into the Entrepreneur Hall of Fame in 2008, designated along with comScore as a “Technology Pioneer” by the World Economic Forum.^[17] He was also given the title of Entrepreneur of the Year in the Washington DC Area by Ernst and Young,^[18] and received a Great Mind Award from the Advertising Research Foundation.^[19]

In 1996, Dr. Abraham was awarded the Paul Green Award by the AMA for an article that he co-authored in the Journal of Marketing Research in 1995 described as showing “the most potential to contribute to the practice of marketing research and research in marketing." ^[20] That award was validated 5 years after the initial publication, with the AMA William F. O'Dell Award in 2000 recognizing research which made a significant, long-term contribution to the marketing discipline.^[21]

In 1992, Dr. Abraham was listed as one of the “Top 40 Under 40" awarded by Crain’s Chicago Business, given to 40 extraordinary business professionals in Chicago annually.^[22]

Industry Recognition Summary

• 2009 : American Marketing Association, Charles Coolidge Parlin Marketing Research Award ^[16]
• 2008 : Ernst and Young, Entrepreneur Hall of Fame ^[6]

  World Economic Forum, “Technology Pioneer” ^[17]

  Advertising Research Foundation, Great Mind Award ^[19]

• 2000 : American Marketing Association, William F. O’Dell Award ^[21]

• 1996 : American Marketing Association, Paul Green Award ^[20]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Forbes interview with Dr. Abraham CEO Spotlight
• CNN Money 'The online numbers game' featuring Dr. Abraham
• Blogs by Magid Abraham. comScore Corporate Blog.
• Magid Abraham - Video clip of Davos Debates in China 2009. 11 September 2009.
• Photograph: Dr. Abraham at the World Economic Forum on Latin America 2009. Rio De Janeiro. Flickr.com 14 April 2009.
• Photograph: Dr. Abraham at the DLD Conference 2010. Munich. Life.com. 25 January 2010.

Anne Hunter (nee Home) (1742-1821) was the wife of the celebrated surgeon John Hunter, and a minor poet. She is mostly remembered now for the texts to at least nine of Joseph Haydn's 14 songs in English. Their relationship during Haydn's stay is ambiguous, though at the time she was a widow. Songs by Haydn on her texts include: The Mermaid's Song, Fidelity, Pleasing Pain, and The Spirit's Song.

Biography[link]

Hunter was the eldest daughter of surgeon Robert Boyne Home of Greenlaw Castle, Berwickshire, and sister of Sir Everard Home.

She married John Hunter in July 1771. Before her marriage she had gained some note as a lyrical poetess, her "Flower of the Forest" appearing in The Lark, an Edinburgh periodical, in 1765. Her social literary parties were among the most enjoyable of her time, though not always to her husband's taste. Elizabeth Carter and Mary Delany were her attached friends, and Haydn set a number of her songs to music, including "My Mother bids me bind my Hair," originally written to an air of Pleydell's. On her husband's death in 1793, Mrs. Hunter was left ill provided for, and for some time she was indebted for a maintenance partly to the queen's bounty and to the generosity of Dr. Maxwell Garthshore, and partly to the sale of her husband's furniture, library, and curiosities (Ottley, Life of Hunter, pp. 137–9). Her son-in-law, Sir James Campbell of Inverneill provided her with a small annuity, and in 1799 parliament voted to give her ₤15,000 for the Hunterian museum, which finally placed Mrs. Hunter in fair circumstances.

She had four children, of whom two, (a son and a daughter, Lady Campbell) survived her. She lived in retirement in London till her death on 7 Jan. 1821. Her poems (12mo, London, 1802; 2nd edition, 1803) show no depth of thought, but have a natural feeling and simplicity of expression, which make many of them worth reading (see British Critic, October 1802, xx. 409-13). Her "Sports of the Genii," written in 1797 to a set of graceful drawings by Miss Susan Macdonald (d. 1803), eldest daughter of Lord-chief-baron Macdonald, display in addition humour and fancy.^[1]

References[link]

•  "Hunter, Anne". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900. 

External links[link]

• Anne Hunter: Poet, Songwriter, Wife
• Poems. Hunter, Anne Home (Mrs. John), 1742-1821

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